Volume 332 Biographies 119: Fu Leihun, Wen Shou, Liu Bingtian, Cha Li, E Bao, Yan Xishen, Xu Ji, Jue Luo Tu Si De, Zhang Bao, Xu Siceng, Chen Buying, Sun Yongqing, Guo Shixun, Bi Yuan

列傳一百十九

Biography 119

富勒渾文綬劉秉恬查禮鄂寶顏希深徐績

Fu Leihun, Wen Shou, Liu Bingtian, Cha Li, E Bao, Yan Xishen, Xu Ji

覺羅圖思德彰寶徐嗣曾陳步瀛孫永清

Jueluo Tusi De, Zhang Bao, Xu Siceng, Chen Buying, Sun Yongqing

郭世勳畢沅

Guo Shixun, Bi Yuan

富勒渾，章佳氏。初自舉人授內閣中書。累遷戶部郎中。乾隆二十八年，授山西冀寧道。遷山東按察使。以在冀寧道失察陽曲知縣段成功虧帑，左授山西雁平道。再遷浙江布政使。三十五年，署巡撫。奏劾總督崔應階僕誣指錢塘民為賊，擅刑致斃，論罪如律。三十七年，調陝西。尋擢湖廣總督，入覲，賜孔雀翎。四川總督阿爾泰坐貪黷玩縱得罪，上命富勒渾如四川，會總督文綬按治。阿爾泰縱子明德布與布政使劉益相結受賕，明德佈在京師，上令軍機大臣傳訊，自承，富勒渾奏論益立斬。上以為過重，改監候，獄連署布政使李本，富勒渾奏本罪當奪職，枷示不足蔽辜，請留軍效力。上責其名重實寬，意存取巧，命枷示期滿，留軍效力。

Fu Leihun was of the Zhangjia clan. He first entered service as a Grand Secretariat secretary on the strength of his provincial graduate degree. He rose through successive promotions to director in the Ministry of Revenue. In 1763, the twenty-eighth year of Qianlong, he was appointed intendant of the Jin-Ning Circuit in Shanxi. He was then transferred to judicial commissioner of Shandong. While serving as Jin-Ning intendant he had failed to detect embezzlement by Yangqu magistrate Duan Chenggong and was demoted to intendant of the Yan-Ping Circuit in Shanxi. He was promoted again to provincial treasurer of Zhejiang. In the thirty-fifth year he acted as governor. He impeached Governor-General Cui Yingjie's servant for falsely denouncing a Qiantang townsman as a bandit, torturing him without authority until he died, and secured conviction under the statute. In the thirty-seventh year he was transferred to Shaanxi. He was soon promoted governor-general of Huguang, presented himself at court, and received a peacock feather. When Sichuan Governor-General A'ertai was condemned for graft, lax discipline, and indulgence, the Emperor sent Fu Leihun to Sichuan to investigate jointly with Governor-General Wen Shou. A'ertai had allowed his son Mingdebu to collude with Provincial Treasurer Liu Yi in taking bribes; Mingdebu was in Beijing, and when the Grand Council interrogated him on imperial order he confessed; Fu Leihun then urged that Yi be summarily executed. The Emperor deemed this excessive and commuted it to imprisonment awaiting execution; Acting Provincial Treasurer Li Ben was implicated, and Fu Leihun argued that dismissal alone and cangue display would not answer the crime, asking that Ben be kept with the army on active service. The Emperor rebuked him for severity in word but leniency in deed and for trying to find a loophole, and ordered Ben displayed in the cangue for the full term before serving with the army.

三十八年，師徵金川，四川總督劉秉恬出駐美諾，命富勒渾留署四川總督，總理各路軍需。秉恬奏：「揀發往川省各員視軍營為畏途，惟恐出口辦差不通聞問。」上以責富勒渾，富勒渾奏陳：「司道公議，新到各員出口辦差，未免竭蹶。請以現任各員調赴，而令新到者分別署理。」上責富勒渾玩公沽譽，令劾倡議者，富勒渾奏司道公議，並無倡始。上益不懌，謂：「富勒渾竟敢以罰不及眾哧朕！」下部議，奪官，命寬之。

In the thirty-eighth year, during the Jinchuan campaign, Liu Bingtian went forward to Meinuo while Fu Leihun was left acting governor-general of Sichuan in charge of supplies on every route. Bingtian reported that newly dispatched officials treated service beyond the passes as a dreaded posting and dreaded losing contact once they left. The Emperor held Fu Leihun responsible; Fu Leihun replied that the circuit intendants had jointly agreed that new arrivals sent beyond the passes would be overstrained. He asked that current officials be sent forward while newcomers act in their stead. The Emperor accused Fu Leihun of shirking duty to win praise and ordered him to impeach the ringleaders; Fu Leihun reported that the intendants had deliberated together and that no one had originated the plan. The Emperor grew angrier still, declaring that Fu Leihun dared intimidate him with the claim that the many could not all be punished. The case went to the boards for sentence; dismissal was proposed, but the Emperor ordered clemency.

木果木師潰，底木達被陷。富勒渾率新至貴州兵馳赴蒙固橋防守，事聞，上嘉之。旋奪秉恬官，即以富勒渾實授，令駐美諾，以欽差大臣關防督餉。時美諾亦被陷，富勒渾屯明郭宗河口，據山梁設卡防守，復發兵分駐路頂宗、巴朗拉。將軍阿桂進攻小金川，上命富勒渾與提督王進泰統兵策應。師克美諾，上令富勒渾、進泰嚴守美諾，並分兵駐僧格宗、明郭宗。阿桂奏富勒渾、王進泰通慎而葸，於山川形勢、行軍機要均未能悉，請令副都統成果、雲南提督常青駐守後路，上從之，諭戒富勒渾等勿存畛域。奏新開楸底至色利溝運道，軍糧歸此路運送。瑪爾當、明郭宗諸地存米，借防兵一月糧，餘俱運軍前，請撤前設台站；又奏分兵駐防大板昭及梭格泊古諸地。四十年，奏阿桂等督兵進搗賊巢，應用糧餉、軍火、銅片、砲料，儲備充裕，並造皮船濟師；又奏調梭格泊古、瑪爾當兵分防沙壩、三松坪，以護運道：皆稱旨。上命富勒渾駐布朗郭宗，富勒渾奏阿桂、明亮合攻甲索山梁，布朗郭宗距軍五百餘裡，慮難於策應。上諭曰：「阿桂進攻勒烏圍，自應隨軍督餉。兵事移步換形，不必泥前旨也。」師克勒烏圍，奏請撤前設卓克採一路台站。四十一年，复授湖廣總督，命師還上官。金川平，議敘。

The army was shattered at Mugongmu and Dimuda was lost. Fu Leihun rushed newly arrived Guizhou troops to hold the Menggu Bridge; the Emperor commended him when he heard. Bingtian was soon dismissed and Fu Leihun appointed in his place, stationed at Meinuo with an imperial commissioner's seal to supervise grain. Meinuo had also fallen; Fu Leihun held the Mingguozong river mouth, fortified the ridge with checkpoints, and detached troops to Ludingzong and Balangla. As General Agui attacked Lesser Jinchuan, the Emperor ordered Fu Leihun and Regional Commander Wang Jintai to coordinate supporting forces. After Meinuo was recovered, the Emperor ordered Fu Leihun and Jintai to hold it firmly and post detachments at Senggezong and Mingguozong. Agui reported that Fu Leihun and Wang Jintai were excessively cautious and ignorant of terrain and campaign essentials, and asked that Vice Commander Chengguo and Yunnan Regional Commander Changqing hold the rear; the Emperor agreed and warned Fu Leihun not to stand on territorial pride. He reported a new haul road from Qiudi to Seligou and proposed routing army grain along it. Grain stored at Ma'erdang and Mingguozong was issued to garrisons for one month's rations, the surplus sent forward, and earlier courier stations asked to be dismantled; He also proposed garrison detachments at Daban Zhao, Suogebogu, and elsewhere. In the fortieth year he reported that Agui's advance on the rebel stronghold was supplied with grain, pay, munitions, copper, and gunpowder, and that leather boats had been built to ferry troops; He also moved troops from Suogebogu and Ma'erdang to guard Shaba and Sansongping for the supply line—all approved. Ordered to Bulangguozong, Fu Leihun noted that Agui and Mingliang were attacking the Jiasuo ridge five hundred li away and that he could hardly coordinate from so far. The Emperor replied that when Agui advanced on Lewuwei, Fu Leihun should follow the army to supervise supplies. Campaigns change shape from day to day; he need not be bound by the earlier order." After Lewuwei fell he asked to close the Zhuokecai courier stations. In the forty-first year he was reappointed governor-general of Huguang and told to resume his post when the army withdrew. After the Jinchuan pacification, merits were recorded for reward.

四十二年，授禮部尚書。四十三年，調工部。授鑲藍旗蒙古都統。四十四年，复授湖廣總督。四十五年，調閩浙，上南巡，迎謁。時李侍堯以貪縱得罪，富勒渾入對，上諭及之。富勒渾對：「侍堯實心體國，為督撫中所罕見。」及上命各督撫議罪，又請行誅，上責其前後歧異。浙江巡撫王亶望丁憂，留辦塘工，攜家居杭州。亶望得罪，上又責富勒渾未劾。大學士阿桂赴浙江閱海塘，疏劾杭嘉湖道王燧，又責富勒渾徇庇。奪孔雀翎，降三品頂帶，授河南巡撫。河溢萬錦灘，富勃渾親赴防護；又溢青龍岡，四十七年，工竟，還現任頂帶。

In the forty-second year he became Minister of Rites. In the forty-third year he was moved to the Ministry of Works. He was made commander of the Mongol Bordered Blue Banner. In the forty-fourth year he returned as governor-general of Huguang. In the forty-fifth year he was transferred to Fujian-Zhejiang and met the Emperor on the southern tour. Li Shiyao had just been condemned for corruption; in audience the Emperor raised the case with Fu Leihun. Fu Leihun answered that Shiyao served the dynasty wholeheartedly, a rarity among provincial chiefs. When governors were asked to recommend sentences, he then urged execution; the Emperor rebuked his reversal. Governor Wang Tanwang, though in mourning, stayed to oversee seawall works and kept his family in Hangzhou. When Tanwang fell, the Emperor faulted Fu Leihun for failing to impeach him. Grand Secretary Agui, inspecting the seawall, impeached Circuit Intendant Wang Sui and accused Fu Leihun of shielding him. He lost his peacock feather and third-grade insignia and was made governor of Henan. When the Yellow River broke at Wanjin Beach, Fu Leihun went personally to the works; A second breach at Qinglong Hill followed; in the forty-seventh year the repairs finished and his insignia was restored.

复授閩浙總督。台灣漳、泉民械鬥，劾總兵金蟾桂、知府蘇泰等，並奪官。五十年三月，入京，與千叟宴。調兩廣。粵海關監督穆騰額入覲，上詢富勒渾操守，對：「未敢深信。」及命軍機大臣詰之，又發富勒渾縱僕殷士俊納賕狀，下巡撫孫士毅按治。士俊常熟人，並令江蘇織造四德等籍其家資累萬；士毅奏亦發富勒渾與士俊等關通納賄事實，上奪富勒渾官，遣尚書舒常如廣東會訊。大學士阿桂方按事浙江，又命士毅逮富勒渾監送阿桂鞫治，論斬，下刑部獄。五十二年，詔釋之。五十三年，坐在閩浙失察總兵柴大紀貪劣，復下刑部論紋，仍釋之。五十四年，羅源盜發，上追論富勒渾廢弛玩誤，戍伊犁。五十五年，釋回。六十一年，又發熱河，是年即釋回。卒。

He was appointed again governor-general of Fujian-Zhejiang. After armed clashes between Zhangzhou and Quanzhou settlers in Taiwan, he impeached Regional Commander Jin Changui and Prefect Su Tai, who were all dismissed. In the third month of the fiftieth year he came to the capital for the banquet of a thousand elders. He was transferred to the Two Guangs. Customs Superintendent Muteng'e, at audience, said he could not yet fully trust Fu Leihun's integrity when asked. Pressed by the Grand Council, he exposed Fu Leihun's servant Yin Shijun taking bribes; Governor Sun Shiyi was ordered to investigate. Shiyi was from Changshu; weaving officials were told to inventory his property, worth tens of thousands; Shiyi's report implicated Fu Leihun in bribery with him and others; Fu Leihun was dismissed and Minister Shu Chang sent to Guangdong. Agui was investigating in Zhejiang; Shiyi was to arrest Fu Leihun and deliver him for trial; death was recommended and he was held in the Ministry of Punishments. In the fifty-second year an edict pardoned him. In the fifty-third year he was again sentenced to strangulation for not detecting Regional Commander Chai Daji's corruption in Fujian-Zhejiang, then pardoned again. In the fifty-fourth year, after banditry in Luoyuan, the Emperor banished him to Yili for past negligence. In the fifty-fifth year he was released and returned home. In the sixty-first year he was sent to Rehe, then released the same year. He died.

文綬，富察氏，滿洲鑲白旗人。雍正十三年，自監生授內閣中書。再遷禮部員外郎，改內閣侍讀。乾隆十一年，授甘肅涼州知府。累遷轉山西布政使。三十一年，坐迎合巡撫和其衷徇陽曲知縣段成功虧帑，奪官，戍軍台。旋授道銜，往哈密辦事。三十三年，授河南巡撫，未上官，調陝西。三十六年，署陝甘總督。土爾扈特內附，命赴齊齊哈爾犒勞。授四川總督，未行，仍調授陝甘。

Wen Shou, of the Fuca clan, was a Manchu of the Bordered White Banner. In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng (1735) he became a Grand Secretariat secretary from the Imperial Academy. He rose to vice director in the Ministry of Rites, then became a Grand Secretariat reader. In the eleventh year of Qianlong he was appointed prefect of Liangzhou in Gansu. He was promoted repeatedly until he became provincial treasurer of Shanxi. In the thirty-first year he was dismissed and sent to the military posts for colluding with Governor He Qi'zhong to shield Duan Chenggong's embezzlement. He was soon given intendant rank and sent to Hami on assignment. In the thirty-third year he was named governor of Henan but transferred to Shaanxi before taking up the post. In the thirty-sixth year he acted as governor-general of Shaanxi-Gansu. When the Torghuts came in, he was sent to Qiqihar to distribute rewards. Named governor-general of Sichuan, he was reassigned to Shaanxi-Gansu before he could leave.

師徵金川，奏陝、甘發兵三千，延綏鎮總兵書明阿以千人赴維州，興漢總兵張大經以二千人入四川從征，文綬如鞏昌、安定視師行。三十七年，疏言：「巴里坤、烏魯木齊年來日繁盛。招民墾地，戶給三十畝，並農具籽種，視新疆例，六年昇科。瑪納斯城南可二萬餘畝，瑚圖璧城西北可六千餘畝，巴里坤城外及傍近諸地五千九百餘畝，玉門、酒泉、敦煌三縣可五千餘畝。往時嘉峪關恆閉，過者候譏察，今關外已同內地，請令辰開酉閉；兼開烏魯木齊城南七達色巴山梁以利行旅。」又酌定收捐監糧，籌備巴里坤移駐滿洲兵糧料；並於巴里坤山灣設廠牧羊，令滿洲兵子弟取乳剪毛，以廣生計。均如所請行。

For the Jinchuan campaign he sent three thousand men from Shaanxi-Gansu—Shu Ming'a with one thousand to Weizhou and Zhang Dajing with two thousand into Sichuan—while he supervised the march from Gongchang and Anding. In the thirty-seventh year he reported that Barkol and Urumqi had grown steadily more populous. He proposed recruiting settlers, granting thirty mu per household with tools and seed, and taxing after six years as in Xinjiang. He identified roughly twenty thousand mu south of Manas, six thousand northwest of Hutubi, five thousand nine hundred near Barkol, and five thousand in Yumen, Jiuquan, and Dunhuang. He noted that Jiayu Pass had once been shut tight while travelers waited for inspection, but that the frontier was now like the interior, and asked that it open at dawn and close at dusk; and that the Qidasiba ridge south of Urumqi be opened for travelers. He also arranged grain donations for the student-supervision title to provision Manchu troops relocating to Barkol; and set up a sheep ranch in a Barkol valley where Manchu soldiers' sons could milk and shear wool for extra income. All was approved as he asked.

三十七年，調四川總督。前政阿爾泰坐誤軍興，又縱其子明德布婪索，得罪，上命文綬察明德布婪索狀。文綬言：「明德布侍阿爾泰日久，與屬吏往還，尚無婪索事。」而明德佈在京師，上命軍機大臣按鞫，具服，乃責文綬袒護，奪官，往伊犁效力。三十八年，木果木師潰，總督富勒渾奏報金川酋攻明郭宗河口，上授文綬頭等侍衛，佐富勒渾治軍。未幾，授湖廣總督，仍署四川總督。偕富勒渾奏言：「增兵需餉，請令商民原自湖廣運糧入四川者，視乾隆十三年范毓馪助餉加銜例，穀一石當銀九錢，授以貢監職銜。」並議行。四十一年，實授。四十四年，入覲。子國泰，官山東巡撫，召詣京師相見。四十五年，疏言：「雲南昭通、東川諸屬改食川鹽，應於川、滇交界隘口設稽察。」上可其奏，並諭雲貴總督福康安一律嚴防。四十六年，詔停打箭爐收稅部員，由總督委員管理，因條奏裁改諸事，從之。四川多盜，民間號啯嚕子，闌入鄰近諸省。湖廣總督舒常、湖南巡撫劉墉、貴州巡撫李本先後疏言盜自四川入境，遣將吏捕治。文綬奏後入，上責其玩縱，降三品頂帶。尚書周煌复陳盜為民害，將吏置不問，甚或州縣吏胥身為盜擾民，上以文綬因循貽患，奪官，往伊犁效力。四十八年，釋回。四十九年，卒。子國泰，自有傳。

In the thirty-seventh year he was transferred to governor-general of Sichuan. Predecessor A'ertai had been punished for mismanaging the war and indulging Mingdebu's extortion; Wen Shou was told to investigate Mingdebu. Wen Shou reported that Mingdebu, long at A'ertai's side, dealt with subordinates but had not extorted. Mingdebu in Beijing confessed under Grand Council interrogation; Wen Shou was blamed for shielding him, dismissed, and sent to Yili. In the thirty-eighth year, after Mugongmu, Fu Leihun reported Jinchuan attacks on the Mingguozong river mouth; Wen Shou was made a first-class bodyguard to assist him. Soon he was governor-general of Huguang while still acting in Sichuan. With Fu Leihun he proposed that Huguang merchants who hauled grain into Sichuan be paid nine cash of silver per picul and given tribute or supervision student rank, following Fan Yuxi's thirteenth-year precedent. The court also approved the plan. In the forty-first year he received full appointment. In the forty-fourth year he presented himself at court. His son Guotai, governor of Shandong, was called to the capital to see him. In the forty-fifth year he urged inspection posts on the Sichuan-Yunnan border where Yunnan districts had been switched to Sichuan salt. The Emperor approved and told Governor-General Fukang'an to tighten controls throughout. In the forty-sixth year Dajianlu tax collectors from the Ministry were withdrawn in favor of gubernatorial commissioners, and his reform memorial was adopted. Bandits called guluzi were rife in Sichuan and spilled into neighboring provinces. Governors-general and governors of Huguang, Hunan, and Guizhou reported Sichuan bandits crossing their borders and sent officers after them. Wen Shou's report came late; the Emperor faulted his negligence and cut his insignia to third grade. Minister Zhou Huang added that officials ignored banditry and some clerks were bandits themselves; Wen Shou was dismissed for letting the problem fester and sent to Yili. In the forty-eighth year he was pardoned and returned. He died in the forty-ninth year. His son Guotai is treated in a separate biography.

劉秉恬，字德引，山西洪洞人。乾隆二十一年舉人。二十六年，明通榜，授內閣中書，充軍機處章京。再遷郎中。三十二年，考選福建道御史，轉吏科給事中。大學士傅恆督師討緬甸，以秉恬從，擢鴻臚寺少卿。師還，超擢左副都御史。遷刑部侍郎，調工部，再調倉場。

Liu Bingtian, styled Deyin, was from Hongdong in Shanxi. He became a provincial graduate in the twenty-first year of Qianlong. In the twenty-sixth year he entered the Grand Secretariat on the supplemental list and served as a Grand Council clerk. He was promoted again to director. In the thirty-second year he became Fujian Circuit censor, then supervising secretary in the Bureau of Personnel. When Fu Heng led the Burma campaign, Bingtian went with him and was made vice director of the Court of Imperial Entertainments. After the campaign he was exceptionally promoted left vice censor-in-chief. He moved to vice minister of Punishments, then Works, then the grain depots.

三十七年，師徵金川，大學士溫福出西路，總督桂林出南路，授秉恬欽差大臣，督西路糧運。尋以南路徑僻站長，輓運尤艱，命改赴南路。秉恬以西路需餉急，請暫留料理，上韙之。又奏：「南路運糧，人俱畏其難。臣非敢言易，然天下無必不可辦之事。」上諭令勉為之。尋奏：「師自甲爾木進攻小金川，道路險阻，唯羊可陟。乃招蠻民販羊至軍，以六羊當米一石。」又奏：「師攻克僧格宗，距達烏圍六十餘裡。臣往勘，擬於策爾丹色木設站。其地有喇嘛寺，糧至即貯寺，以蔽風雨。」旋赴美諾督運。上嘉秉恬不辭勞瘁，賜孔雀翎，授四川總督，仍留美諾督運。

In the thirty-seventh year Wen Fu took the western route and Guilin the southern route against Jinchuan; Bingtian was made imperial commissioner for western-route grain. The southern route's long stages made transport harder, and he was soon ordered to shift there. Bingtian asked to stay on the western route where supplies were urgent, and the Emperor agreed. He also wrote that everyone dreaded the southern route's grain haul. I do not call it easy, but nothing under heaven is utterly impossible." The Emperor told him to press on. He soon reported that from A'ermu only sheep could traverse the steep paths to Lesser Jinchuan. He hired frontier traders to drive sheep to camp at six sheep per picul of rice. He also noted that Senggezong, taken by the army, lay sixty li from Dawuwei. He surveyed and proposed a station at Ca'erdansemu. Grain would be stored in a lamasery there against wind and rain. He then went to Meinuo to supervise transport. The Emperor praised his endurance, gave him a peacock feather, made him governor-general of Sichuan, and kept him at Meinuo supervising grain.

三十八年，師克小金川，溫福督兵進攻昔嶺。上命秉恬將美臥溝、曾頭溝兩路酌量形勢，分別駐守，赴木果木及功噶爾拉兩地察勘。秉恬奏至，與上諭正合，深嘉之，諭謂：「勤勞軍務，與統兵督戰無異。命交部照軍功議敘。」秉恬途中得綽斯甲布土司遣頭人投禀，訐綽斯甲布與金川親暱，雖從征未嘗盡力，並請歸金川所侵噶爾瑪六宗諸地。秉恬諭：「師討金川，斷不中止。噶爾瑪六宗諸地，事平後當有公斷。爾土司從征未得一地，且縱金川人在境內為盜，所謂盡力者安在？」頭人語塞，奉檄而去。疏聞，上嘉秉恬甚合機宜。秉恬至木果木，復奏：「臣自崇德抵功噶爾拉，地氣極寒，四山皆雪，甫經設站，以篾席支棚，使人畜暫有棲止。至簇拉角克為布朗郭宗運糧要道，兩口東西相距六七十里，開修土路，通至木波，即合帛噶爾角克碉及布朗郭宗大道。又自功噶爾拉至木果木，路陡雪滑，已飭修路鑿冰，不致少誤糧道。」報聞，加太子少保。木果木師潰，以提督董天弼失守底木達、布朗郭宗責秉恬不先奏劾，奪官，予按察使銜留軍。旋並削銜，命佐按察使郝碩督西路運糧。

In the thirty-eighth year Lesser Jinchuan fell and Wen Fu advanced on Xiling. The Emperor ordered him to garrison Meiwogou and Zengtougou as terrain dictated and to survey Mugongmu and Gongga'erla. His report matched the imperial plan; the Emperor praised him for toiling in logistics as if in battle. Rewards were ordered deliberated on military merit. En route a Zhuosijia Bu headman accused his chieftain of favoring Jinchuan, shirking the campaign, and demanded return of seized Ga'erma districts. Bingtian replied that the campaign against Jinchuan would not halt. Ga'erma and the rest would be adjudicated after peace. You gained no ground yet let Jinchuan raiders operate in your territory—where is your exertion?" The headman withdrew, unable to answer. The Emperor commended Bingtian's handling as apt. At Mugongmu he reported bitter cold and snow from Chongde to Gongga'erla and bamboo sheds for men and beasts. He opened an earth road at Culajiaoke, the Bulangguozong grain route, linking Mubo to the main highway. Steep snowy tracks to Mugongmu were being cleared so grain would not lag. He was made Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent on report. After Mugongmu, Dong Tianbi was blamed for losing Dimuda and Bulangguozong; Bingtian lost office for not impeaching him sooner but stayed with the army as surveillance commissioner. His commissioner's rank was soon stripped too, and he assisted Hao Shuo on western-route grain.

三十九年，奏面視米易取攜，已由四川採辦十數万斤；又奏修整楸坻至日爾拉薩拉驛道，並與總督富勒渾議以北路軍餉歸西路遞運：上並嘉納。四十年，以督運無誤，授兵部郎中，仍賜孔雀翎，以欽差關防督餉。未幾，擢吏部侍郎。以母病召還京師，旋丁憂。未幾，起署陝西巡撫。四十五年，召入覲，調署雲南巡撫。

In the thirty-ninth year he reported over a hundred thousand jin of portable husked rice procured in Sichuan; He repaired the Qiudi–Rierlasala road and with Fu Leihun relayed northern grain via the western route—all praised. In the fortieth year, for flawless transport, he became a War Ministry director with a peacock feather and commissioner's seal. He was soon vice minister of Personnel. His mother's illness recalled him to the capital, and he soon entered mourning. He was soon recalled to act as governor of Shaanxi. In the forty-fifth year he attended court and was shifted to act as governor of Yunnan.

四十六年，署雲貴總督。安南國王以內地人民出邊居住，脅制土民欠稅，且動稱內地差委，徵索租賦，大為民擾，諮請防禁。秉恬擬照會，略謂：「內地百姓緣爾國需用貨物，特准開關通市，為爾國利賴。本非在外墾田種地，無應納租賦，焉有脅制土民欠稅之理？如滋生事端，惟有責令爾國察出送回內地究治。」奏聞，上嘉其得體，仍令軍機大臣刪改，寄秉恬具答。累年以運銅妥速，議敘。五十一年，召授兵部侍郎。五十二年，調倉場。嘉慶四年，復調兵部。五年，卒。

In the forty-sixth year he acted as governor-general of Yunnan-Guizhou. Annam's king complained that Chinese beyond the border extorted native taxes posing as imperial agents, and sought prohibition. Bingtian drafted a note saying Chinese traded at the passes for Annam's benefit. They do not farm abroad and owe no rent—how can they coerce your subjects? If trouble arises, Annam must send offenders back for punishment." The Emperor praised the tone but had the Grand Council revise the reply. Years of reliable copper transport earned merit rewards. In the fifty-first year he was recalled as vice minister of War. In the fifty-second year he took charge of the grain depots. In Jiaqing 4 he returned to the War Ministry. He died in the fifth year.

查禮，字恂叔，順天宛平人。少劬學。乾隆元年，應博學鴻詞科，報罷。入貲授戶部主事，揀發廣西，補慶遠同知。舉卓異，上命督撫舉堪任知府者。巡撫定長、李錫秦先後以禮薦。十八年，擢太平知府，母憂去。服闋，補四川寧遠。三十三年，擢川北道。三十四年，調松茂道，

Cha Li, styled Xunshu, was from Wanping in Shuntian. He studied hard from youth. In Qianlong 1 he failed the special erudite examination. He bought office as a Revenue clerk, was sent to Guangxi, and became subprefect of Qingyuan. Rated outstanding, he was put on the list for prefectural promotion. Governors Ding Chang and Li Xiqin both recommended him. In the eighteenth year he became prefect of Taiping, then left for mourning. After mourning he was posted to Ningyuan in Sichuan. In the thirty-third year he became North Sichuan intendant. In the thirty-fourth year he was moved to the Song-Mao Circuit,

小金川用兵，總督阿爾泰檄禮治餉；將軍溫福師進巴朗阿，大營以禮從，令修建汶川桃關索橋，踰月工竟，上嘉之，命專司督運西路糧餉。三雜穀土司為小金川煽惑，頗懷疑懼。禮諭以利害，眾感服。時溫福出雜穀腦，遣提督董天弼分兵自間道出曾頭溝。軍需局以儲米半運雜穀腦，曾頭溝軍糧不足，禮坐奪官，仍留軍效力。師克美諾，溫福令禮與天弼清察戶口地糧，總兵五福自美諾移軍丹壩。總督劉秉恬奏禮雖文員，頗強幹，諳番情，命署松茂道，代五福駐美諾撫降番。

When Lesser Jinchuan was fought, A'ertai put Li in charge of supplies; With Wen Fu at Balang'a Li built Wenchuan's Taoguan rope bridge in a month, won praise, and took western-route grain. The three Zagu chieftains, swayed by Lesser Jinchuan, grew fearful. Li explained costs and benefits until they submitted. Wen Fu marched through Zagunao while Dong Tianbi took a secret route via Zengtougou. Half the rice went to Zagunao, starving Zengtougou; Li was dismissed but kept with the army. After Meinuo fell, Li and Tianbi tallied households and taxes while Wufu moved to Danba. Bingtian praised Li's ability and frontier knowledge; he acted as Song-Mao intendant at Meinuo pacifying surrendered tribes.

三十八年，木果木師潰，禮偕游擊穆克登阿赴援，至蒙固橋，聞喇嘛寺糧站陷，士卒狼顧；會鬆茂總兵福昌至，遂復進，遇伏，禮率督兵擊之，擒砦首，餘寇驚遁。美諾已陷賊，阿桂馳援，以達圍垂陷，檄禮駐守，尋命真除。三十九年，阿桂師再進，令禮專任臥龍關路糧餉。阿桂秉上旨，以南路陰翳，設疑兵牽綴，奇兵自北山入。禮請自楸坻至薩拉站開日爾拉山，山高五十里，冰雪六七尺，故無行徑。禮登高相度，以火融積凍，鑿石為磴，不匝月通路二百餘裡。自楸坻達西北兩路軍營，視故道皆近十餘站，省運費月以鉅萬計，特旨嘉獎。

In the thirty-eighth year, after Mugongmu, Li and Mukedeng'a rushed to the Menggu Bridge and found troops panicking at news the lamasery station had fallen; Fuchang's arrival steadied them; Li led troops through an ambush, seized a stockade chief, and routed the rest. Meinuo had fallen; Agui relieved Da as it neared collapse; Li garrisoned there and soon received full appointment. In the thirty-ninth year Agui put Li solely in charge of Wolongguan supplies. Agui feigned on the gloomy southern route while striking from the northern mountains. Li proposed a road over the fifty-li Rierla ridge from Qiudi to Sala, buried in ice. He surveyed, melted ice, cut stone steps, and opened two hundred li of road in a month. The new road shortened hauls by ten stations each way, saving tens of thousands a month—earning an imperial commendation.

郭羅克掠蒙古軍牲畜，殺青海公里塔爾，富勒渾令禮及游擊龔學聖捕治，复盜二，還牛馬五百餘，盜渠牛獲。富勒渾以禮行後糧運漸遲誤，奏促禮還。四十一年，金川平，禮留辦兵屯，拊循降番，敘功，賜孔雀翎。上遣理籓院郎中阿林、知府倭什布、參將李天貴出黃勝關捕郭羅克盜渠，未得，皆坐奪官；仍令禮往捕，禮調三雜穀土兵四千，先令裹糧疾進。禮至，宣布上意，郭羅克酋瑪克蘇爾袞布來謁，問盜渠所在，諉不知；禮執送內地，責其弟索朗勒爾務捕盜。四十三年，瑪克蘇爾袞佈病死，上責禮失撫馭番夷之道。四十四年，擢按察使。瞻對番劫里塘熱砦喇嘛寺，禮往按，得盜，寘於法。

Guoluoke raiders killed Prince Gong'erta'er; Li and Gong Xuesheng recovered five hundred head and captured chief Niu Huo. Fu Leihun faulted Li for late rear convoys and urged his recall. After the forty-first-year pacification Li stayed to settle military colonies and tribes, earning a peacock feather. Imperial envoys failed to catch Guoluoke chiefs at Huang Shengguan and were dismissed; Li was sent again with four thousand Zagu troops ordered forward on their own grain. Li arrived bearing the Emperor's message; Guoluoke chief Maksuer Gunbu came to audience but claimed not to know where the bandit leaders were; Li detained him and sent him inland, ordering his brother Solang Le'er to hunt down the robbers. In the forty-third year of Qianlong Maksuer Gunbu died; the Emperor faulted Li for mishandling frontier tribes. In the forty-fourth year of Qianlong he was made Surveillance Commissioner. When Zhandui raiders struck Litang's Rezhai lamasery, Li investigated, caught them, and brought them to justice.

四十五年，遷布政使。尋擢湖南巡撫。入覲，四十六年，卒於京師。子淳，大理寺少卿。

In the forty-fifth year of Qianlong he became Financial Commissioner. He was soon appointed Hunan Governor. After presenting himself at court he died in the capital in year 46. His son Chun rose to Vice Director of the Court of Judicial Review.

鄂寶，鄂謨託氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人。父西柱，官西安將軍。鄂寶自官學生授內閣中書。再遷戶部員外郎。乾隆十六年，授奉天府尹。二十年，署廣西巡撫。二十六年，總督李侍堯劾陸川知縣應斯鳴等縱賊害民，鄂寶奏前後相歧，奪官，以三品銜往庫車辦事。三十一年，召還，署左副都御史。仍授巡撫，歷湖北、貴州、福建、廣西、山西諸省。內遷刑部侍郎。

E Bao, an Emoto-clan Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner. His father Xizhu was General of Xi'an. From the Imperial Academy E Bao entered the Grand Secretariat as a drafter. He was later made an assistant director in the Board of Revenue. In Qianlong 16 he became Intendant of Fengtian. In the twentieth year of Qianlong he acted as Governor of Guangxi. In the twenty-sixth year of Qianlong Governor-General Li Shiyao accused Lucuan's magistrate of shielding bandits; E Bao's conflicting reports cost him his post, and he was sent to Kuche on third-rank assignment. Recalled in year 31, he served as acting Left Vice Censor-in-Chief. He returned to provincial governorships in Hubei, Guizhou, Fujian, Guangxi, and Shanxi. He was moved to the capital as Vice Minister of Justice.

金川用兵，三十七年七月，命侍郎劉秉恬及鄂寶督餉，秉恬主西路，鄂寶及散秩大臣阿爾泰主南路，尋令改主西路。鄂寶議人負米五斗，日行一站，騾負米石，日行可二三站，改以騾運，軍糈得無缺，賜孔雀翎。三十八年，仍授山西巡撫，督餉如故。溫福師自功噶爾拉入，阿桂自當噶爾拉入，豐升額自綽斯甲布入。鄂寶駐大板昭主餽溫福軍，秉恬駐底木達主餽阿桂軍；而豐升額軍出綽斯甲布，南路自打箭爐往，秉恬兼任之，西路自三雜穀、丹壩往，鄂寶兼任之。木果木師潰，底木達、大板昭皆陷賊。上命阿桂整兵復進，鄂寶仍駐覺木交督餉。旋進翁古爾壟，疏調副將董果護後路。上又命原任江西布政使顏希深馳驛往佐之。副將軍明亮等又請令鄂寶駐丹東，上念鄂寶兵少，命以湖廣續調兵千人屬鄂寶。阿桂又疏請桂林率李世傑主南路，令鄂寶主西路。丹壩至綽斯甲布糧運，鄂寶請以丹東屬桂林兼領。旋詣丹壩置台站，副將軍豐升額自凱立葉進兵。鄂寶請自三雜穀、梭磨、卓克採轉輸凱立葉，較丹壩道為近。豐升額進攻谷噶，鄂寶請自梭落柏古轉輸色木多，凱立葉留少兵，即裁站夫，省糜費。會明亮自宜喜進兵，既克達爾圖，兩路軍合師沙壩，克勒烏圍。鄂寶請將西路台站以次裁撤。

In Jinchuan year 37, month 7, Liu Bingtian and E Bao were put in charge of supplies—Bingtian on the west, E Bao and A'ertai on the south, until E Bao was shifted to the west. E Bao switched convoys to mule transport—one shi per mule, two or three stations a day—and kept the army fed, earning a peacock feather. In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong he resumed as Shanxi Governor while still overseeing supplies. Wen Fu advanced through Gongga'erla, Agui through Dangga'erla, and Feng Sheng'e through Chuosijiabu. E Bao fed Wen Fu's force from Daban Zhao while Bingtian fed Agui's from Dimuda; Feng Sheng'e marched from Chuosijiabu; Bingtian handled the southern line from Dajianlu, E Bao the western line from Sanzagu and Danba. After the Muguo wood disaster, Dimuda and Daban Zhao both fell. Agui was ordered to regroup and push forward; E Bao stayed at Juemujiao to keep supplies moving. Advancing to Wenggu'erlong, he asked Vice Commander Dong Guo to secure the rear. The Emperor also sent former Jiangxi Financial Commissioner Yan Xishen posthaste to assist. When Mingliang asked E Bao to hold Dandong, the Emperor added a thousand Huguang reinforcements to his small command. Agui proposed Guilin and Li Shijie for the south and E Bao for the west. E Bao asked Guilin to take Dandong as well for the Danba–Chuosijiabu grain route. He set up relay stations at Danba while Feng Sheng'e advanced from Kailiye. E Bao proposed routing supplies through Sanzagu, Suomo, and Zhuokecai to Kailiye—a shorter haul than via Danba. During Feng Sheng'e's assault on Guga, E Bao rerouted supplies from Suoluobogu to Semuduo and trimmed relay crews at Kailiye to cut costs. Mingliang's advance from Yixi took Da'ertu; the two columns united at Shaba and seized Lewuwei. E Bao asked to shut down the western relay stations one by one.

四十一年，金川平，軍功加一級。七月，調湖南巡撫，仍留辦軍需奏銷。十月，授漕運總督。四十四年，大學士於敏中等議報銷四川軍需不符，請令鄂寶等分償，得旨豁免。四十八年，授盛京戶部侍郎，兼奉天府府尹。五十二年，卒。子文通，官內閣侍讀學士，兼公中佐領。

After Jinchuan's pacification in year 41 he received a grade of military merit. In month 7 he became Hunan Governor but stayed on to settle supply accounts. In month 10 he was made Director-General of Grain Transport. In the forty-fourth year of Qianlong Yu Minzhong found Sichuan supply accounts short; E Bao and others were ordered to make good the deficit, but the Emperor waived it. In the forty-eighth year of Qianlong he became Mukden Vice Minister of Revenue and Fengtian Intendant. He died in year 52. His son Wentong was a Secretariat Reader and imperial guard company commander.

顏希深，字若愚，廣東連平州人。入貲授山西太原同知。累遷山東泰安知府。建考棚、書院，清察徵漕浮收諸弊。高宗東巡，召對，褒以「他時可大用」。乾隆二十七年，授四川按察使，入覲，上以希深母老，尚欲隨任，希深亦不敢奏請改補近地，母子知大義，命調希深江西。二十八年，遷福建布政使。三十二年，調江西，丁母憂去。三十四年，仍授江西布政使，又丁父憂去。三十八年，詣京師，命赴金川軍佐鄂寶治餉，援河南布政使，仍留軍。疏言：「糧台設木池，因限於山，與軍營相隔，將山地開平安營。臣與黃岩總兵李時擴督兵防護，時令將弁操演，不但技藝熟練，而槍聲遠近相聞，亦可牽綴賊勢。」又言：「覺木交深林密箐，賊易以藏身。臣督兵斬伐林木，使附近賊碉有徑可通處，絕無遮蔽，藉免竊發。」皆稱旨，賜孔雀翎。木池站焚毀火藥，希深請與時擴分償。師深入，山重雪積，希深催督拊循，恆終夜露宿。四十二年，擢湖南巡撫。旋入為兵部侍郎。四十五年，復出署貴州巡撫，調雲南。卒。

Yan Xishen (Ruoyu) came from Lianping, Guangdong. He bought office as Subprefect of Taiyuan, Shanxi. He rose through posts to Prefect of Tai'an, Shandong. He built exam halls and academies and cleaned up grain-tax graft. Summoned during the eastern tour, he was told he would be "greatly employed hereafter." In Qianlong 27 he became Sichuan Surveillance Commissioner; the Emperor, moved that he and his aged mother would not ask for a nearer post, transferred him to Jiangxi. In the twenty-eighth year of Qianlong he became Fujian Financial Commissioner. Transferred to Jiangxi in year 32, he left to mourn his mother. Reappointed in year 34, he resigned again when his father died. In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong he was sent to Jinchuan to assist E Bao with supplies, with Henan Financial Commissioner rank but remaining at the front. He reported that the Muchi depot, cut off from camp by mountains, should be cleared for a proper garrison. With Regional Commander Li Shikuo he drilled the garrison so musket fire echoed across the hills and pinned down the enemy. He also noted that Juemujiao's thick woods gave rebels perfect cover. He had trees cut around enemy forts to strip away ambush cover. The throne approved both proposals and gave him a peacock feather. After gunpowder burned at Muchi station, Xishen offered to split damages with Shikuo. Deep in snowbound mountains he drove and comforted the convoys, often sleeping under the stars. In the forty-second year of Qianlong he became Hunan Governor. He was soon brought to the capital as Vice Minister of War. In the forty-fifth year of Qianlong he acted as Guizhou Governor, then moved to Yunnan. He died in office.

徐績，漢軍正藍旗人。乾隆十二年舉人。入貲授山東兗州泉河通判。累遷山東濟東泰武道。三十四年，擢按察使，丁父憂，命以按察使銜往哈密辦事，賜孔雀翎。三十五年，擢工部侍郎、烏魯木齊辦事大臣。三十六年，奏：「瑪納斯在伊犁、塔爾巴哈台之間，請駐兵，使聲勢聯絡。」從之。授山東巡撫。三十八年，上幸天津，迎謁，賜黃馬褂。

Xu Ji, a Han bannerman of the Plain Blue Banner. He passed the provincial exams in Qianlong 12. He bought office as Quanhe River subprefect at Yanzhou, Shandong. He rose to Intendant of Jidong Taiwu Circuit. Promoted to Surveillance Commissioner in year 34, he went to Hami on mourning leave with commissioner rank and a peacock feather. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong he became Vice Minister of Works and Urumqi Commissioner. In the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong he proposed garrisoning Manas between Ili and Tarbagatai to link the frontier posts. The throne agreed. He was made Governor of Shandong. When the Emperor visited Tianjin in year 38, Ji was given a yellow riding jacket.

三十九年，壽張民王倫為亂，績率兵捕治，次臨清城南，為倫所圍，總兵惟一赴援，戰敗。上遣左都御史阿思哈率兵援績，並令大學士舒赫德視師。諭曰：「績為巡撫，地方有此奸民，不早覺察，不為無罪；但以民亂將巡撫治罪，適足長其刁頑，事定，功過自不能掩。」尋事定，命解任，責捕倫餘黨，捕得倫弟柱、林等二十餘人。上嘉績黽勉，授河南巡撫，仍繳進孔雀翎示儆。四十二年，奏按察使趙銓健忘，上責績於銓應否去留不置一辭，下吏議，奪官，命寬之。召授禮部侍郎。四十七年，坐雩祭禮器誤，奪官，以三品頂帶往和闐辦事。召授正黃旗漢軍副都統，遷正紅旗漢軍都統。六十年，上詢前政弘旴在官事蹟，奏不實，奪官，以六品頂帶往和闐辦事。

In the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong Wang Lun rebelled at Shouzhang; Ji besieged him south of Linqing until Regional Commander Wei Yi's relief force was beaten back. Asiha was sent with reinforcements and Grand Secretary Shuhede to oversee the campaign. The Emperor said Ji was not blameless for failing to spot the trouble early, but punishing a governor for a popular revolt would only embolden malcontents—merit and fault would be weighed when order returned. When the revolt ended he was removed but told to hunt Lun's allies, capturing Lun's brothers Zhu and Lin and over twenty others. Praising his diligence, the Emperor made him Henan Governor but took back his peacock feather as a warning. In the forty-second year of Qianlong he reported Surveillance Commissioner Zhao Quan as forgetful; censured for saying nothing on Quan's fate, he lost his post but was spared. Recalled, he became Vice Minister of Rites. In the forty-seventh year of Qianlong a ritual-vessel error cost him his post; he was sent to Khotan on third rank. Recalled, he became Plain Yellow Han Banner vice commander, then Plain Red Han Banner commander. In the sixtieth year of Qianlong he lied about subordinate Hong Xu's record and was demoted to sixth rank at Khotan.

嘉慶元年，授三等侍衛、烏什辦事大臣。召授大理寺少卿，還孔雀翎。再遷宗人府府丞。十年，以病乞休。十二年，重與鹿鳴宴，賜二品銜。十六年，績子錕，授建寧總兵，入覲，上以績年逾八十，調錕直隸正定總兵，俾就養。卒，錕官至直隸提督。

In Jiaqing 1 he became Third-Rank Bodyguard and Ush Commissioner. Recalled as Vice Director of the Court of Judicial Review, he regained his peacock feather. He was later made Vice Director of the Court of the Imperial Clan. In the tenth year of Qianlong he retired for illness. In the twelfth year of Qianlong he attended the Deer-Ming banquet and received second-rank rank. In the sixteenth year of Qianlong his son Kun, made Jianning general, was moved to Zhengding so the eighty-year-old Ji could be near him. After Ji's death Kun rose to Zhili Governor-General.

覺羅圖思德，滿洲鑲黃旗人。初自諸生授光祿寺筆帖式。累遷戶部員外郎。外授江南常鎮道。再遷貴州布政使。乾隆三十七年，擢巡撫。疏言：「貴州威寧瑪姑柞子廠，水城福集廠產黑、白鉛，歲供京局及各省鼓鑄。廠員營私滯運，請立條款，嚴處分。」並下部議行。三十九年，署雲貴總督。上令出駐永昌，並諭以防邊事重，視前政彰寶舊日章程益加奮勉。抵任後，疏言：「清釐彰寶移交文牘，永昌軍需造銷牽混，應請各歸各款，以清眉目。造解京箭，各鎮協稱現多損壞，與彰寶原奏不符；又有批准保山等廳縣添買倉穀，亦滋疑義。」尋劾保山知縣王錫、永平知縣沈文亨侵虧倉穀，請奪官鞫治。上命侍郎袁守侗馳驛往按，錫言彰寶勒索供應四萬餘，致虧短兵糧，上震怒，逮彰寶治罪。圖思德以箭二十萬解四川軍營，上嘉之。十一月，兼署雲南巡撫。

Jueluo Tusi De, a Bordered Yellow Banner Manchu. He entered service as a licentiate clerk in the Court of Imperial Entertainments. He rose to assistant director in the Board of Revenue. He served as Jiangnan Chang-Zhen intendant. He became Guizhou Financial Commissioner. In Qianlong 37 he was made governor. He reported that Weining's Magu Zhazichang and Shuicheng's Fuiji Chang produced black and white lead for the capital and provincial mints. He asked for strict rules and penalties against factory officials who hoarded lead for private gain. The Board approved his proposal. In the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong he acted as Yunnan-Guizhou Governor-General. Ordered to Yongchang, he was told frontier defense outweighed everything and to exceed Zhang Bao's old standards. On taking office he found Zhang Bao's Yongchang supply accounts tangled and asked that each fund be separated. Garrisons reported far more damaged arrows than Zhang Bao's original figures; approved grain purchases for Baoshan and other districts also looked suspicious. He impeached magistrates Wang Xi of Baoshan and Shen Wenheng of Yongping for granary embezzlement. Investigator Yuan Shoutong found Wang Xi accusing Zhang Bao of extorting 40,000 in supplies and starving the troops; Zhang Bao was arrested. Tusi De sent 200,000 arrows to the Sichuan front and was commended. In month 11 he also acted as Yunnan Governor.

自傅恆徵緬甸還師，緬甸貢使久不至，閉關絕市年久。圖思德奏言：「偵知緬民亟盻開關，緬酋亦窘迫有投誠意。惟風聞難信，但當簡練軍實，使聞風生畏。」上韙之。及兼署巡撫，自永昌還會城，令提督錦山等董理邊防，疏報，怫上意，嚴旨促仍赴永昌督辦邊防。四十一年，復奏：「偵知緬酋懵駁已死，子贅角牙嗣立，方幼，頭人得魯蘊將遣使叩關納貢。」上以緬甸初無悔罪輸誠之意，諭勿輕聽。尋奏：「得魯蘊遣使投禀，原送還內地官人，貢象，乞開關。已飭龍州將吏與以回文。」上以圖思德示緬甸有遷就結案之意，斥為大謬。四十二年，又奏得魯蘊欲將所留楊重英、蘇爾相、多朝相等送還，並叩關納貢。上念受降事重，圖思德不能勝其任，命大學士阿桂赴雲南主持。調李侍堯雲貴總督，圖思德回貴州巡撫任。四十四年，擢湖廣總督。卒，賜祭葬，諡恭愨。

Since Fu Heng withdrew from Burma, tribute missions had ceased and the border had been shut for years. He reported Burmese commoners eager for trade and their ruler ready to submit. Hearsay was unreliable, he said—better to drill troops until Burma feared China's strength. The throne agreed. Returning from Yongchang to the capital he reassigned frontier duties—drawing a sharp order to go back to Yongchang. In the forty-first year of Qianlong he reported Burma's Mengbo dead, a boy on the throne, and headman Deluyun ready to send tribute envoys. The Emperor, seeing no sincere repentance, warned against trusting the report. He then reported Deluyun's envoys offering elephants and asking to reopen trade while returning detained officials. Longzhou officials had already sent a written reply. The Emperor denounced Tusi De for seeming eager to settle with Burma on easy terms. In the forty-second year of Qianlong he reported Deluyun ready to return Yang Chongying, Su Erxiang, Duo Chaoqiang, and others with tribute. Accepting surrender was too weighty for Tusi De; Grand Secretary Agui was sent to Yunnan to take charge. Li Shiyao became governor-general while Tusi De returned to Guizhou. In the forty-fourth year of Qianlong he became Huguang Governor-General. He died with sacrificial honors and the posthumous title Gongque.

彰寶，鄂謨託氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人。乾隆十三年，自繙譯舉人授內閣中書。十八年，授江蘇淮安海防同知。累遷江寧布政使。三十年，授山西巡撫。陽曲知縣段成功虧帑事發，具得巡撫和其衷畀銀五百為彌補及布政使文綬等知情狀，奏聞。上遣侍郎四達會鞫得實，其衷、成功論斬，文綬等戍軍台。安邑知縣馮兆觀揭河東鹽政達色累商及受贄禮、門包，又遣四達會鞫，並得河東運使吳雲從因被四達糾參，嗾兆觀揭發狀，達色論死，雲從、兆觀治罪如律。三十二年，調江蘇。兩淮鹽政尤拔世奏繳本年提引徵銀，上以此項歷年均未奏明，自乾隆十一年起，應有千餘萬，命彰寶會同詳察。前任鹽政高恆、普福、運使盧見曾均坐是得罪；又發前任監掣同知楊守英詐取商銀：並論如律。

Zhang Bao, an Emoto-clan Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner. In Qianlong 13 the translator licentiate entered the Grand Secretariat as a drafter. In the eighteenth year of Qianlong he became Huai'an coastal defense subprefect in Jiangsu. He rose to Jiangning Financial Commissioner. In the thirtieth year of Qianlong he became Shanxi Governor. He exposed Yangqu Magistrate Duan Chenggong's deficit and Governor Qihai's 500-tael hush payment, implicating Financial Commissioner Wen Shou. Vice Minister Sida confirmed the case; Qihai and Chenggong were condemned to death, Wen Shou and others to frontier garrison. Anyi Magistrate Feng Zhaoguan exposed salt controller Dase's graft; the probe also caught Transport Commissioner Wu Yuncong instigating the complaint—Dase was executed, the others punished. In the thirty-second year of Qianlong he was transferred to Jiangsu. When Liang-Huai salt controller You Bash shi turned in advance levies, the Emperor noted ten million taels unaccounted for since Qianlong 11 and ordered Zhang Bao to investigate. Former controllers Gao Heng, Pu Fu, and Transport Commissioner Lu Jianzeng all fell in the probe; as did former supervisory subprefect Yang Shouying for extorting merchants.

三十四年，命馳驛往雲南署巡撫。師徵緬甸，署雲貴總督，命出駐老官屯督餉，加太子太保。三十五年，奏：「永昌沿邊千餘裡，山深徑僻，應於曩宋關、緬箐山、隴川、龍陵、姚關及順寧篾笆橋設卡駐兵。」上令實力督率。又奏：「貴州調至兵間有老弱，現加甄汰。」上責：「彰寶現為總督，兩省皆所轄，何不劾奏？」三十七年，劾雲南巡撫諾木親才識不能勝任，召還；又奏車裡宣慰土司刀維屏逃匿，請裁土缺設專營，上從其議，定營名曰普安。尋實授雲貴總督。三十九年，以病請解任。王錫事發，奪官，逮京師論斬。四十二年，卒於獄。

In the thirty-fourth year of Qianlong he was rushed to Yunnan as acting governor. During the Burma campaign he acted as governor-general from Laoguantun with Grand Guardian rank. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong he proposed garrison checkpoints along Yongchang's thousand-li mountain frontier at Nangsong, Miankeng, Longchuan, Longling, Yao Pass, and Shunning's Bamboo-Bridge. The Emperor ordered him to enforce this in earnest. He reported weeding out old and weak troops transferred from Guizhou. The Emperor rebuked him for not impeaching bad troops when both provinces were his. In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong he impeached Yunnan Governor Nuomuqin as incompetent and had him recalled; he also abolished Cheli's fleeing tusi Daoweiping's post for a dedicated Pu'an garrison. He was soon confirmed as Yunnan-Guizhou Governor-General. In the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong he asked to retire for illness. Wang Xi's case brought his arrest, dismissal, and capital sentence. He died in prison in year 42.

徐嗣曾，字宛東，實楊氏，出為徐氏後，浙江海寧人。乾隆二十八年進士，授戶部主事。再遷郎中。四十年，授雲南迤東道。累遷福建布政使。五十年，擢巡撫。五十二年，台灣民林爽文為亂，調浙江兵，經延平吉溪塘，兵有溺者，嗣曾坐不能督察，下吏議。亂既定，五十三年，命赴台灣勘建城垣，因命偕福康安、李侍堯按柴大紀貪劣狀，上責嗣曾平日緘默不言。尋疏言大紀廢弛行伍，貪婪營私，事蹟昭著。又奏：「撫卹被難流民，給銀折米，福建舊例，石準銀二兩；今以米貴，請改為三兩。」上以福康安奏晴雨及時，歲可豐收，仍令視舊例。偕福康安等奏清察積弊，籌酌善後諸事，均得旨允行。嘗以台灣吏治廢弛，不能早行覺察，自劾，上原之。命台灣建福康安、海蘭察生祠，以嗣曾並列。尋奏台灣海疆刁悍，治亂用嚴，民為盜及殺人者，役殃民，兵冒糧，及助戰守義民或挾嫌害良，皆立置典刑，以是稱上旨，嘉嗣曾不負任使。事觕定，命內渡，尋又命俟總兵奎林至乃行。莊大田者，與爽文同亂，坐誅，嗣曾捕得其子天畏及用事者黃天養送京師，又得海盜，立誅之。五十四年，賜孔雀翎、大小荷包。圖像紫光閣。

Xu Siceng (Wandong), born Yang but adopted Xu, came from Haining, Zhejiang. A Qianlong 28 jinshi, he entered the Board of Revenue as a principal. He rose to director. In the fortieth year of Qianlong he became Yunnan Yidong intendant. He rose to Fujian Financial Commissioner. In the fiftieth year of Qianlong he became governor. In the fifty-second year of Qianlong Lin Shuangwen rebelled in Taiwan; Zhejiang troops drowned at Yanping's Jixi Pond, and Siceng was faulted for poor oversight. In the fifty-third year of Qianlong he was sent to rebuild Taiwan's walls and, with Fuk'anggan and Li Shiyao, to probe Chai Daji—the Emperor scolded his usual silence. He then detailed Chai Daji's slack discipline and graft. He proposed raising disaster relief from Fujian's old rate of two taels per shi of rice to three taels because rice had grown costly. Fuk'anggan reported a good harvest coming, so the Emperor kept the old rate. With Fuk'anggan he cleared abuses and planned recovery measures—all approved. He self-impeached for failing to spot Taiwan's lax governance early; the Emperor pardoned him. Taiwan was ordered to build living shrines to Fuk'anggan and Hailancha with Siceng beside them. He urged harsh justice for Taiwan's bandits, corrupt soldiers, and false militia—the Emperor praised him for meeting the moment. Ordered inland when the crisis eased, he was told to wait for Regional Commander Kui Lin. He sent Zhuang Datian's son Tianwei and agent Huang Tianyang to the capital, executed pirates on the spot. In the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong he received a peacock feather and imperial purses. His portrait entered the Hall of Purple Glaze.

請入覲，未行，安南阮光平據黎城，福康安督兵赴廣西，嗣曾署總督。福康安瀕行，奏福建文武廢弛，宜大加懲創，上諭嗣曾振刷整頓。嗣曾奏許琉球市大黃，限三五百斤，諭不可因噎廢食。又奏：「福建民多聚族而居，有為盜，責族正舉首，教約有方，給頂帶；盜但附從行劫未殺人拒捕，自首，擬斬監候，三年發遣，免死。」上諭曰：「捕盜責在將吏。令族正舉首，設將吏何用？族正皆土豪，假以事權，將何所不為？福建多盜，當嚴治。若行劫後尚許自首免死，何以示儆？二條俱屬錯謬。」

Before he could go to court, Nguyen Quang Binh seized Annam; Fuk'anggan marched to Guangxi and Siceng acted as governor-general. Fuk'anggan warned that Fujian's officials were slack; the Emperor told Siceng to crack down. He allowed Ryukyu limited rhubarb trade; the Emperor warned against overreacting. He proposed making clan elders report bandits among Fujian's tight-knit communities, rewarding those who kept order, and letting accomplices who did not kill surrender for delayed execution and exile instead of death. The Emperor replied that catching bandits was officers' job, not clan elders'— and that empowering local bullies as clan elders would invite abuse. Fujian needed stern policing, not soft surrender rules. Letting robbers off by surrender would destroy deterrence. Both proposals were rejected outright. Thus ended the imperial reply.

五十五年，高宗八旬萬壽，台灣生番頭人請赴京祝嘏，嗣曾以聞，命率詣熱河行在瞻覲。十一月，回任，次山東台莊，病作，遂卒。

In the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong, for the Emperor's eightieth birthday, Taiwan aboriginal chiefs asked to congratulate at Rehe and Siceng was told to escort them. Returning in month 11 he fell ill at Shandong's Taizhuang and died.

陳步瀛，字麟洲，江南江寧人。乾隆二十六年會試第一，選庶吉士，改兵部主事。累擢郎中，外授河南陳州知府。再遷山西按察使。尋以山西獄訟繁多，改命長麟，仍留步瀛蘭州道。旋授甘肅按察使。

Chen Buying (Linzhou) came from Jiangning. Top of the Qianlong 26 palace exam, he became a Hanlin bachelor then a Board of War principal. He rose to director, then left the capital as Chenzhou prefect in Henan. He became Shanxi Surveillance Commissioner. Litigation overwhelmed Shanxi, so Chang Lin took that post while Buying stayed as Lanzhou intendant. He soon became Gansu Surveillance Commissioner.

薩拉爾回蘇四十三亂既定，四十九年，鹽茶廳回田五复據石峰堡為亂，總督李侍堯率兵討之，以步瀛從，捕治諸亂回家屬。旋奏令赴安定、會寧督餉，行次隆德，聞副都統明善戰死高廟山，步瀛以靜寧、隆德、平涼諸州縣當下隴要衝，靜寧駐兵三百，請益兵。步瀛調固原兵五百赴平涼、隆德守，為犄角；復往靜寧收明善餘兵守隘，上獎許之，尋諭：「步瀛兵事徑行陳奏，不必拘體制。」步瀛奏：「臣收明善餘兵，尚存九百有奇。石峰堡回越隆德犯靜寧，平涼知府王立柱督兵民擊之，回退據翠屏山。靜寧距省五百餘裡、中間會寧、安定為糧運要道。慮回自靜寧南竄襲我師之後，已禀督臣發重兵防護。」旋疏報靜寧圍解，並籌濟南、西二路官軍糧餉藥彈，稱上旨。上命大學士阿桂視師，以福康安代侍堯為總督。上諭以軍事諮步瀛，擢布政使。福康安奏：「步瀛明白誠實，督餉甚力，但才具不如浦霖。」命調安徽布政使。事定論功，賜孔雀翎。

After Su Forty-three's Salar revolt, Tian Wu seized Shifeng Fort in year 49; Buying joined Li Shiyao's campaign and rounded up rebels' families. Heading to Anding and Huining for supplies, he learned Mingshan had fallen at Gaomiao; he asked for more troops to hold the Long corridor. He shifted five hundred Guyuan troops to Pingliang and Longde as pincers; then rallied Mingshan's survivors at Jingning—the Emperor praised him and let him report military matters directly. Buying reported over nine hundred of Mingshan's troops still fit for duty. Tian Wu's men struck Jingning via Longde; Prefect Wang Lizhu drove them to Cuiping Mountain. Jingning lay 500 li from the capital with Huining and Anding on the grain route. Fearing a southern flank attack, he had already asked the governor-general for heavy reinforcements. He then reported Jingning relieved and organized supplies for both southern and western columns. The Emperor sent Agui to command the front and Fuk'anggan to replace Li Shiyao. The Emperor put him in charge of military counsel and made him Financial Commissioner. Fuk'anggan praised Buying's honest supply work but rated him below Pu Lin. He was transferred to Anhui Financial Commissioner. When the campaign ended he received a peacock feather.

江、淮大饑，民脅眾劫奪。步瀛行縣，督吏賑恤，而捕治其不法者，自夏迄秋，事漸定。步瀛以勞瘁致疾，五十四年，擢貴州巡撫，疾大作，卒。

Famine on the Yangtze and Huai drove crowds into banditry. He toured counties, relieving famine and punishing looters until order returned by autumn. Worn out by the effort, he was made Guizhou Governor in year 54 but died of the strain.

孫永清，字宏度，江南金匱人。乾隆三十三年舉人，授內閣中書。永清未入官，嘗佐廣東布政使胡文伯幕。土司以爭襲相訐，驗文牒皆明印，大吏欲以私造符信罪之。永清具稿請文伯力陳，得免者二百餘人。旋充軍機處章京，撰擬精當，事至輒倚以辦。遷侍讀。四十二年，雲南總督圖思德奏緬甸將遣使入貢，上遣大學士阿桂往蒞，以永清從。緬甸使不至，阿桂令永清撰檄諭之，送所留守備蘇爾相還。四十四年，授刑部郎中。考選江西道監察御史。四十五年，超授左副都御史。授貴州布政使。奏言柞子廠產黑鉛，課餘三十餘萬斤，請以十萬斤運廣。四十九年，署巡撫。又奏：「柞子廠黑鉛，例於四川永寧設局收發，課餘三百萬斤，請歲以五十萬運存永寧。」

Sun Yongqing (Hongdu) came from Jin Gui, Jiangnan. A Qianlong 33 provincial graduate, he entered the Grand Secretariat as a drafter. Before official service he had served on Guangdong Financial Commissioner Hu Wenbo's staff. Tusi feuding over succession produced sealed documents; superiors wanted to charge them with forgery. Yongqing's draft persuaded Wenbo to intervene, sparing over two hundred men. As a Grand Council clerk his drafts were so reliable that urgent business always went to him. He became a Reader. In the forty-second year of Qianlong, when Tusi De reported Burmese tribute envoys, Agui went to Yunnan with Yongqing. When no envoys came, Agui had Yongqing draft a rebuke and return detained officer Su Erxiang. In the forty-fourth year of Qianlong he became a Board of Punishments director. Examination made him Jiangxi Circuit investigating censor. In the forty-fifth year of Qianlong he was unusually promoted to Left Vice Censor-in-Chief. He became Guizhou Financial Commissioner. He proposed shipping 100,000 jin of Zhazichang's 300,000-jin lead surplus to Guangdong. In the forty-ninth year of Qianlong he acted as governor. He also asked to store 500,000 jin yearly of Zhazichang's three-million-jin lead surplus at Yongning, Sichuan. Thus ended the memorial.

五十年，擢廣西巡撫。劾新寧知州金自等逋稅，按察使杜琮、鹽道周延俊等並坐奪官。五十二年，台灣民林爽文為亂，徵廣西兵，永清奏：「兵出征，在例馬兵賞、借銀各十兩，步兵賞、借銀各六兩，請於借銀留三兩為製衣。」命議敘。五十三年，藤縣獄系盜梁美煥謀穴牆逃，捕得，永清令立誅之，奏聞，上諭曰：「獄囚反獄劫獄當立誅，若鑽穴越牆，祗求苟免，不得與此同科。今之督撫皆好殺弄權，永清失之太過。」

In the fiftieth year of Qianlong he became Guangxi Governor. He impeached Xinning Prefect Jin Zi for tax arrears, taking down Surveillance Commissioner Du Cong and Salt Controller Zhou Yanjun. In the fifty-second year of Qianlong, mobilizing Guangxi troops for Taiwan, he asked to keep three taels of each soldier's loan silver for uniforms. The request was approved for merit recording. In the fifty-third year of Qianlong he summarily executed tunneling prisoner Liang Meihuan; the Emperor said wall-breakers seeking escape were not the same as jail rebels. Governors today love killing; Yongqing had overreached. Thus ended the imperial reply.

安南阮惠為亂，國王黎維祁出亡，其臣阮輝宿護維祁母、妻、宗族至龍州，永清及總督孫士毅疏聞。士毅尋發兵討惠，永清出駐南寧，奏太平設軍需局，以福建延建邵道陸有仁、桂林知府查淳董其事。五十四年，維祁復國，使迎其母、妻、宗族，永清為具行李，並傳上旨賚錦緞、綢、布及白金四百。諭獎永清自駐南寧，彈壓邊關，籌辦餉糈，措置得宜，賜孔雀翎。

When Nguyen Hui rebelled in Annam, King Le Duy Ky fled; minister Ruan Hui Su brought the royal family to Longzhou, and Yongqing reported it. Sun Shiyi marched against Hui while Yongqing set up a Taiping supply bureau under Lu Youren and Cha Chun. In the fifty-fourth year of Qianlong, when Le Duy Ky restored his throne, Yongqing equipped the returning royal family and delivered imperial gifts. Praised for holding Nanning and managing frontier supplies, he received a peacock feather.

士毅師敗還，福康安代為總督。永清與福康安奏：「安南用兵，關內外支放銀百萬、米八萬餘，逐款詳覈，例可用而未用，或用不及數者，以實用之數具報。如有軍行緊急，略有變通。與例不符者，仍如例覈減。」上諭令以實為之。秋，以廣西秋審冊自緩決改情實凡三案，諭責永清寬縱。東蘭州安置台灣降人鄭管、陳廷乘舟走，追捕，以溺水報。上命奪知州黃圖等官逮訊，永清坐降調，命留任。

After Sun Shiyi's defeat Fuk'anggan became governor-general. With Fuk'anggan he reported Annam war costs—over a million taels and 80,000 shi—item by item as actually spent. Emergency adjustments were allowed when necessary. Anything beyond precedent would still be cut to standard. The Emperor ordered honest accounting. That autumn three Guangxi death sentences he had softened were reversed and he was rebuked for leniency. Taiwan surrenderers Zheng Guan and Chen Ting fled Donglan by boat and were reported drowned in pursuit. Prefect Huang Tu was arrested; Yongqing was demoted but kept in post.

是時阮惠更名光平，上封為安南國王，請以來年詣京師祝萬壽，使阮宏匡等叩關入貢。永清令在太平候旨，疏聞。上令光平使臣於來年燈節前至京師，與外籓蒙古等一體入宴，責永清拘泥。永清旋奏光平使臣自桂林北行。上察廣西學政潘曾起不稱職，以諮永清，永清言曾起性情褊急，未愜士心。上責永清不先奏劾，以方料理安南內附，光平將入覲，不遽易人，罰養廉二年。五十五年春，光平又以新賜印並御製詩使叩關入貢，永清疏以應否令光平使詣京師請旨。上諭曰：「光平遣使陳貢，自應令詣京師，何必奏請？」永清又奏太平、南寧、鎮安三府與安南接壤，請屯兵防隘，立柵開壕，分隸龍憑、馗纛二營管轄，報聞。四月，光平入關，以其子光垂、臣吳文楚從，奏聞，上嘉之。尋卒。

Nguyen Hui, now Quang Binh and enfeoffed king of Annam, asked to celebrate the Emperor's birthday in Beijing and sent Ruan Hongkuang with tribute. Yongqing held the envoys at Taiping and reported. The Emperor wanted them in Beijing by Lantern Festival with other vassals and scolded Yongqing's rigidity. Yongqing then reported the envoys heading north from Guilin. Asked about Education Commissioner Pan Cengqi, Yongqing said the man's temper alienated scholars. Rebuked for not impeaching Pan earlier, he was fined two years' integrity-pay while Annam business continued. In spring of year 55 Quang Binh sent envoys with a new seal and imperial poems; Yongqing asked whether they should proceed to Beijing. The Emperor said tribute envoys should simply go to Beijing—no need to ask. He also proposed garrisoning Taiping, Nanning, and Zhen'an along the Annam border under Longping and Kuizao garrisons. In month 4 Quang Binh entered the border with his son Quang Chui and minister Wu Wenchu—the Emperor approved. He soon died.

弟籓，監生。以四庫館議敘，授中書科中書。官至安徽布政使。子爾準，自有傳。

His brother Fan was an Imperial Academy student. Siku Quanshu service made him a Secretariat Chancery drafter. He rose to Anhui Financial Commissioner. His son Erzhun has his own biography.

郭世勳，漢軍正紅旗人。初自筆帖式擢吏部主事。選福建龍巖知州。五遷湖南布政使。乾隆五十四年，擢貴州巡撫，調廣東。上諭曰：「廣東有洋商鹽務，為腥羶之地。世勳操守廉潔，治事勤實，務慎持素履。」監臨鄉試，奏額送科舉多取數百名，經費由督撫捐貲備辦，諭國家無此政體，不允。奏禁大黃出洋，西洋各國歲不過五百斤，瓊州、台灣亦如之；暹羅、安南貢船至，亦五百斤。五十五年，總督福康安入覲，命世勳署兩廣總督。劾雷瓊鎮總兵葉至剛誤民為匪，左江鎮總兵普吉保濫刑斃命，皆論罪如律。參將錢邦彥巡洋崖州，遇盜被戕，上以福康安詣京師後，世勳不能整飭，嚴斥之。

Guo Shixun, a Plain Red Han bannerman. From clerk he rose to a Board of Civil Appointments principal. He became Longyan prefect in Fujian. Five promotions made him Hunan Financial Commissioner. In Qianlong 54 he became Guizhou Governor, then moved to Guangdong. The Emperor warned that Guangdong's foreign trade and salt were a tainted arena, but praised Shixun's clean, diligent record and urged him to keep it. He proposed overshooting exam quotas at governors' expense; the throne rejected it as unorthodox. He capped rhubarb exports at 500 jin for Western nations, Qiongzhou, and Taiwan; Siam and Annam tribute ships got the same limit. In the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong, while Fuk'anggan went to court, Shixun acted as governor-general. He punished Lei-Qiong commander Ye Zhigang for false bandit arrests and Zuojiang commander Pu Jibao for fatal torture. Major Pu Bangyan was killed by pirates off Yazhou; the Emperor scolded Shixun for lax discipline after Fuk'anggan left.

暹羅國王鄭華諮：「乾隆三十一年被烏圖構兵圍城，國君被陷。其父昭克復舊基，十僅五六。舊有丹蓍氏、麻叨、塗坯三城，仍被佔據。請代奏令烏圖割還三城。」烏圖即緬甸。世勳以其非禮妄幹，留其使廣東，奏聞。上命軍機大臣擬檄，略謂：「故緬甸酋懵駁與暹羅詔氏構兵，非今國王孟隕事。暹羅又係異姓繼立，不直追問詔氏已失疆土。天朝撫馭萬國，緬甸固新封，暹羅亦至華嗣掌國始加封爵，宜釋嫌修好，共沐寵榮，不得以非分乾求，妄行瑣瀆。」命世勳與福康安聯銜照會，並告來使，但云：「札商福康安，未經代奏。」

Siam's King Zheng Hua petitioned that in Qianlong 31 Burma's Wutu besieged his capital and trapped the king. His father Zhao recovered only half the old realm. Burma still held the old cities of Danchi, Madao, and Tubai. He asked the court to order Wutu to return the three cities. Wutu was Burma. Shixun detained the envoy in Guangdong as an improper request. The Grand Council drafted a reply: old Burma-Siam wars were not King Mengyun's business. Siam's new dynasty could not reclaim the Zhao clan's lost lands. Both newly enfeoffed states should reconcile and enjoy imperial favor—not make impertinent demands. Shixun and Fuk'anggan were to notify the envoy only that no memorial had been forwarded. Thus ended the joint notification.

五十六年，世勳奏洋船準攜砲，內地商船不准攜砲。上諭之曰：「商船出洋，攜砲禦盜。不特各國來船未便禁止，即內地商船遇盜不能禦，豈有束手待斃之理？祗令海口將吏察驗，不可因噎廢食。」上以廣東多械鬥，諭世勳稽察化導。有步文斌者，以罪配德慶州，傳習邪教，世勳捕得四十餘人送京師。上諭以其渠送京師，餘令世勳繫獄，候刑部擬罪。

In the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong he allowed foreign ships cannon but banned them on domestic merchants. The Emperor replied that merchant ships needed cannon against pirates. Banning cannon would leave Chinese merchants defenseless at sea. Port officials should inspect ships—not ban cannon outright. Guangdong's armed feuds led the Emperor to order Shixun to investigate and reform. Bu Wenbin, exiled to Deqing for spreading heterodox teachings, was caught with forty followers and sent to Beijing. Ringleaders went to the capital; the rest awaited sentencing in Guangdong.

五十七年，安南國王阮光平諮言：「國境嵩陵等七州毗連雲南開化，莫氏舊人黃公瓚父子據守，夤緣內附，籥懇代奏詳察。」使至龍州，龍州通判王撫棠以所請非分，發書駁還。世勳奏聞，上嘉撫棠，賜大緞獎之。光平又以黎維祁弟維祗結土酋農福縉為亂，遣兵剿滅，具表獻捷。表內並言：「維祗為亂，因維祁從人丁迓衡等為維祁通消息，請按治維祁罪。」世勳以光平所言臆度無憑，對揚失體，照會令將表文刪節，繕正奏聞。上已先得巡撫陳用敷奏，令諭光平具確據，並通消息者何人，送京師按治，命世勳遵前旨照會光平。五十八年，暹羅、安南貢使至，世勳遣吏伴送詣京師。上以所派職卑才庸，慮為外籓所輕，降旨申飭。潮州總兵託爾歡請觀，例具清字摺，硃批令來見。世勳奏委署總兵，譯漢文為俚語，上賜荷包愧之。

In the fifty-seventh year of Qianlong Quang Binh claimed seven border prefectures held by Huang Gongzan and his son near Yunnan's Kaihua. Longzhou magistrate Wang Futang rejected the request as out of line. Shixun reported it; the Emperor rewarded Wang Futang with brocade. Quang Binh also reported crushing Le Duy Ky's brother Duy Chi and chief Nong Fujin. His victory report also asked to punish Le Duy Ky for messages sent through follower Ding Heng. Shixun, finding the charge speculative, ordered Quang Binh's report edited before forwarding. The Emperor, having Chen Yongfu's earlier order for proof, told Shixun to demand names and evidence from Quang Binh. In the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong he sent clerks to escort Siam and Annam envoys to Beijing. The Emperor rebuked him for sending low-ranking escorts who might disgrace the court. Chaozhou commander Tuo Erhuan requested audience with a Manchu memorial, approved in vermilion. Shixun reported the appointment in crude translation; the Emperor sent a purse in embarrassment.

英吉利遣使入貢，請遣人留京居住，上不許，慮英吉利貢使還經廣東復多所陳乞，時已授長麟兩廣總督，命與世勳和衷商榷。尋奏英吉利貢使請在黃埔蓋房居住，已嚴行拒絕，並禁內地奸民指引勾結，上賜荷包獎之。五十九年，入覲，途次病作，至京師卒，賜祭葬。

Britain's tribute mission asked to leave residents in Beijing; refused, Shixun was told to cooperate with new Governor-General Chang Lin when they passed Guangdong. He reported rejecting Britain's Whampoa housing request and blocking local collusion—the Emperor rewarded him with a purse. In the fifty-ninth year of Qianlong he fell ill on the way to court and died in the capital with funeral honors.

畢沅，字纕蘅，江南鎮洋人。乾隆十八年舉人，授內閣中書，充軍機處章京。二十五年一甲一名進士，授修撰。再遷庶子。三十一年，授甘肅鞏秦階道。從總督明山出關勘屯田，調安肅道。擢陝西按察使。上東巡，覲行在，備言甘肅旱。諭治賑，並免逋賦四百萬。擢布政使，屢護巡撫。師徵金川，遣沅督餉，軍無匱，授巡撫。河、洛、渭並漲，朝邑被水。治賑，全活甚眾。幕民墾興平、盩厔、扶風、武功荒地，得田八十餘頃。濬涇陽龍洞渠，溉民田。嘉峪關外鎮西、迪化士子赴鄉會試者，奏請給驛馬。置姬氏五經博士，奉祀文、武、成、康四王及周公陵墓。修華嶽廟暨漢、唐以來名跡，收碑碣儲學宮。屢署總督。四十一年，賜孔雀翎。四十四年，丁母憂，去官。四十五年，陝西巡撫缺員，諭：「沅在西安久，守制將一年。命往署理，非開在任守制例也。」

Bi Yuan (Xiangheng) came from Zhenjiang. A Qianlong 18 provincial graduate, he became a Grand Secretariat drafter and Grand Council clerk. In the twenty-fifth year of Qianlong he topped the palace exam and became a Hanlin compiler. He rose to junior tutor. In the thirty-first year of Qianlong he became Gansu Gong-Qin-Jie intendant. With Governor-General Mingshan he surveyed frontier colonies, then became Ansu intendant. He became Shaanxi Surveillance Commissioner. During the eastern tour he reported Gansu's drought to the Emperor. Relief was ordered and four million in back taxes forgiven. He became Financial Commissioner and often acted as governor. Sent to feed the Jinchuan army without shortfall, he was made governor. Floods on the Yellow, Luo, and Wei rivers inundated Chaoyi. His relief work saved countless lives. He opened over eighty qing of wasteland in Xingping, Zhouzhi, Fufeng, and Wugong. He dredged Jingyang's Longdong Canal to irrigate farmland. He secured relay horses for frontier scholars beyond Jiayuguan traveling to exams. He restored the Ji clan Five Classics Erudite and sacrifices at the Zhou royal tombs. He restored Mount Hua's temple and Han-Tang monuments, collecting steles for the school. He often acted as governor-general. In the forty-first year of Qianlong he received a peacock feather. In the forty-fourth year of Qianlong he left office to mourn his mother. In the forty-fifth year of Qianlong, with Shaanxi vacant, the Emperor noted Yuan had been in Xi'an nearly a year into mourning and ordered him to act as governor—not the usual mourning-in-office rule. Thus ended the imperial instruction.

四十六年，甘肅撒拉爾回蘇四十三為亂，沅會西安軍伍彌泰、提督馬彪發兵討之。事平論功，賜一品頂帶。甘肅冒賑事發，御史錢灃劾沅瞻徇，降三品項戴。四十八年，復還原品，尋實授巡撫。四十九年，甘肅鹽茶廳回田五复亂，沅遣兵分道搜剿。上命大學士阿桂視師，沅治軍需及驛傳供億，屢得旨獎勵。

In the forty-sixth year of Qianlong he joined Mi Tai and Ma Biao against Salar rebel Su Forty-three. After pacification he received first-rank insignia. Censor Qian Feng caught false relief reports and demoted Yuan to third rank. In the forty-eighth year of Qianlong his rank was restored and he was confirmed as governor. In the forty-ninth year of Qianlong Tian Wu rebelled again at Yancha; Yuan sent columns to hunt him down. While Agui commanded the front, Yuan ran supplies and won repeated praise.

沅先後撫陝西十年，嘗奏：「足民之要，農田為上。關右大川，如涇、渭、灞、滻、灃、滈、潦、潏、河、洛、漆、沮、汧、汭諸水，流長源遠。若能就近疏引，築堰開渠，以時蓄洩，自無水旱之虞。古來雲中、北地、五原、上郡諸處畜牧，為天下饒，若酌籌閒款，市牛羊駝馬，為畀民試牧；俟有孳生，交還官項，餘則畀其人以為資本。耕作與畜牧相兼，實為邊土無窮之利。」議未行。

After ten years in Shaanxi he wrote that enriching the people meant farmland first. The great western rivers—Jing, Wei, Ba, Chan, Feng, Hao, and others—had long courses and distant headwaters. Nearby irrigation with dikes and channels would end flood-drought cycles. He proposed using spare funds to lend livestock for trial herding as in ancient Yunzhong and Beidi, with offspring returned to the state and surplus kept as capital. Mixed farming and herding, he argued, would endlessly benefit the frontier. The plan was never adopted.

五十年，調河南巡撫。奏：「河北諸府患旱，各屬倉儲，蠲緩賑恤，所存無多，請留漕糧二十萬備賑。」既又請緩徵民欠錢糧，並展賑，上溫諭嘉之。命詣胎簪山求淮水真源，御製淮源記以賜。五十一年，賜黃馬褂。授湖廣總督。伊陽盜秦國棟戕官，上責沅捕治未得，命仍回巡撫。五十三年，复授湖廣總督。江決荊州，發帑百萬治工。沅奏：「江自松滋下至荊州萬城堤，折而東北流，南逼窖金，荊水至無所宣洩。請築對岸楊林洲土壩、雞嘴石壩，逼溜南趨，刷洲沙無致雍遏。」又請修襄陽老龍堤、常德石櫃堤、潛江仙人堤，鑿四川、湖北大江險灘，便雲南銅運。

In the fiftieth year of Qianlong he became Henan Governor. He asked to hold 200,000 shi of grain transport for drought relief north of the Yellow River. He also sought tax deferrals and extended relief—the Emperor warmly praised him. Sent to Taizanshan to find the Huai's source, he received the imperial "Record of the Huai Source." In the fifty-first year of Qianlong he received a yellow riding jacket. He became Huguang Governor-General. Rebuked for failing to catch Yiyang bandit Qin Guodong, he was sent back to provincial governor's duties. In the fifty-third year of Qianlong he again became Huguang Governor-General. When the river burst at Jingzhou, a million taels funded repairs. He reported the Yangtze from Songzi to Jingzhou's Wancheng dike turning northeast with nowhere for the Jing to discharge. He proposed opposite-bank dams at Yanglin Isle and Jizui to turn the current south and scour sandbars. He also sought repairs at Xiangyang, Changde, and Qianjiang and dredging for Yunnan copper transport.

五十九年，陝西安康、四川大寧邪教並起，稱傳自湖北，沅赴襄陽、鄖陽按治，降授山東巡撫。上以明年歸政，令督撫察民欠錢糧豁免，奏蠲山東積逋四百八十七萬、常平社倉米穀五十萬四千餘石。六十年，仍授湖廣總督。

In the fifty-ninth year of Qianlong sectarian trouble spread from Hubei; Yuan investigated in Xiangyang and was demoted to Shandong Governor. Before abdication the Emperor ordered tax forgiveness; Yuan remitted Shandong's 4.87 million taels and 504,000 shi of granary grain. In the sixtieth year of Qianlong he again became Huguang Governor-General.

湖南苗石三保等為亂，命赴荊州、常德督餉，以運輸週妥，賜孔雀翎。嘉慶元年，枝江民聶人傑等挾邪教為亂，破保康、夾鳳、竹山，圍襄陽，沅自辰州至枝江捕治。當陽又陷，复移駐荊州，上命解沅總督。旋克當陽，獲亂渠張正謨等，復命沅為總督如故，予二等輕車都尉世職。尋奏亂渠石三保、吳半生、吳八月等皆就獲，惟石柳鄧未獲；請撤各省兵，留二三萬分駐苗疆要隘。上諭曰：「撤兵朕所原，但平隴未克，石柳鄧未獲，豈能遽議及此？」尋獲石柳鄧。上命沅馳赴湖南鎮撫。疏言：「樊城為漢南一都會，請建磚城，以工代賑。」二年，請以提督移辰州，增設總兵駐花園汛。尋報疾作，手足不仁，賜活絡丸。旋卒，贈太子太保。四年，追論沅教匪初起失察貽誤，濫用軍需帑項，奪世職，籍其家。

During Hunan Miao rebellions he fed the armies from Jingzhou and Changde and earned a peacock feather. In Jiaqing 1, Nie Renjie and sectarian rebels took Baokang and besieged Xiangyang; Yuan marched from Chenzhou to suppress them. When Dangyang fell he moved to Jingzhou and was removed as governor-general. After retaking Dangyang and capturing Zhang Zhengmo he was restored with a hereditary Second-Class Commandant of Light Chariots. He reported Shi Sanbao, Wu Bansheng, and Wu Bayue captured but Shi Liudeng still at large; he asked to withdraw provincial armies, leaving 20–30,000 at Miao frontier passes. The Emperor said withdrawal was fine in principle but premature while Pinglong and Shi Liudeng remained untaken. Shi Liudeng was soon captured. Yuan was ordered to Hunan to pacify the region. He proposed building Fancheng's brick walls as a work-for-relief project. In the second year of Qianlong he asked to move the regional commander to Chenzhou and add a major-general at Huayuan. He then reported numbness in hands and feet and received imperial pills. He soon died and was posthumously made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. In the fourth year of Qianlong a posthumous reckoning stripped his hereditary rank and confiscated his estate for early sectarian failures and supply abuse.

沅以文學起，愛才下士，職事修舉；然不長於治軍，又易為屬吏所蔽，功名遂不終。

Bi Yuan rose as a scholar-official who loved talent and ran a tight administration; yet he was no general and let subordinates deceive him, so his career did not end well.

論曰：富勒渾、秉恬、鄂寶餫金川之軍，績當臨清之亂，圖思德招緬甸之使，步瀛禦石峰堡之變，嗣曾肅台灣之政，永清受安南之降，世勳屢卻暹羅、安南幹請。若英吉利入貢，中外交涉，於此萌芽。川、楚教匪，沅當其始，久而後定。諸人者皆身膺疆寄，與兵事相表裡，功罪不同，賞罰或異；欲求其事始末，固不可略焉，故類而錄之。

The historian notes: these men fed Jinchuan, faced Linqing, handled Burma, Shifeng Fort, Taiwan, Annam, and Siam's importunate petitions. Britain's tribute mission marked the beginning of Sino-foreign diplomacy. Bi Yuan faced the Sichuan-Hubei sectarian revolts at their outset; order took years to restore. All bore frontier responsibility tied to war, with mixed merit, fault, reward, and punishment; their full stories belong together, which is why they are recorded as a group.

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