1
楊遇春，字時齋，四川崇慶人。 以武舉效用督標，為福康安所識拔。 從征甘肅石峰堡、台灣、廓爾喀，咸有功，累擢守備。
Yang Yuchun, whose courtesy name was Shizhai, came from Chongqing in Sichuan. He entered service through the military examination in the provincial commander's corps and was discovered and advanced by Fuk'anggan. He took part in expeditions against Shifeng Fort in Gansu, in Taiwan, and against Gurkha, earning distinction in each and rising in stages to garrison commander.
2
乾隆六十年，調赴苗疆，力戰解嗅腦圍，進援松桃，獨取道樟桂溪，山險寨密，率敢死四十人為前鋒，由間道縱馬入賊屯，呼曰：「大兵至矣！ 降者免死。」 賊相顧錯愕； 复呼曰：「降者跪！」 於是跪者數千人，直抵城下，圍遂解，賜花翎。 复解永綏圍，賜號勁勇巴圖魯。 首逆吳半生就擒，擢游擊。 額勒登保攻茶山，為賊所圍； 遇春率壯士衝擊，奪據對山，縱橫決盪，當者輒靡。 福康安望之驚嘆，立擢參將。 复乾州，擢廣東羅定協副將。
In the sixtieth year of the Qianlong reign (1795), he was posted to the Miao borderlands. After fierce fighting he lifted the siege of Xiunao, then marched to relieve Songtao. He alone took the route through Zhangguixi, where the mountains were steep and stockades thick. At the head of forty volunteers he charged along a secret track into the rebel camp and shouted, "The imperial army is here! Surrender and you will live." The rebels stared at one another in confusion; he shouted again, "Kneel if you surrender!" Thousands knelt at once and marched straight to the city gate; the siege was broken, and he received the peacock-plume insignia. He lifted the siege of Yongshun as well and was granted the title of Valiant Brave Batu. The chief rebel Wu Bansheng was taken, and Yuchun was promoted to regional commander. When Ereldunbao assaulted Chashan, the rebels surrounded him; Yuchun led picked troops in a charge, seized the hill opposite, and cut through the enemy ranks so that all who faced him broke and fled. Fuk'anggan, watching from afar, cried out in wonder and promoted him on the spot to deputy commander. He recovered Qianzhou and was made deputy commander of the Luoding garrison in Guangdong.
3
苗平而教匪起，嘉慶二年，從額勒登保赴湖北剿覃加耀、林之華，破芭葉山，連敗之長陽、宣恩、建始、恩施。 加耀竄終報寨，峭岩陡絕，夜縋而登，擒加耀及其黨張正潮。 三年，從額勒登保赴陝，敗李全於藍田，又敗高均德於紫溪嶺。 五月，還湖北。 張漢潮竄穀城，兜擊，大敗之，又敗之竹山菩提河，追躡入陝，敗之於平利孟石嶺。 九月，敗高均德、李全於廣元吳家河。 丁父憂，賜金治喪，命墨絰隨徵。 迭破羅其清於觀音坪、大鵬寨、青觀山，其清就擒，擢甘肅西寧鎮總兵。 四年，從額勒登保斬蕭佔國、張長庚，獲王光祖，斃冷天祿，功皆最，威震川、陝，婦孺皆知其名。 追剿張子聰，自夏徂秋，迭敗之於梁山、雲陽、太平、開縣、通江間。 子聰被追急，數與樊人傑、龔建、冉天元合，最後欲合王登廷。 登廷踞馬鞍寨，進攻克之，躡追迭擊，擒其黨靳有年於土丫子，斬阮正漋於廣元雲霧山。
After the Miao rebellion was settled, the White Lotus rebels erupted. In the second year of Jiaqing (1797) he followed Ereldunbao to Hubei against Tan Jiayao and Lin Zhihua, stormed Baye Mountain, and routed them again and again at Changyang, Xuan'en, Jianshi, and Enshi. Jiayao fled to Zhongbao stockade, perched on cliffs so steep they seemed unreachable; Yuchun's men climbed by rope in the night and took Jiayao and his lieutenant Zhang Zhengchao. In the third year (1798) he marched with Ereldunbao into Shaanxi, defeated Li Quan at Lantian, and routed Gao Junde at Zixi Ridge. By the fifth month he was back in Hubei. When Zhang Hanchao fled to Gucheng, Yuchun cut him off and inflicted a crushing defeat, beat him again at Puti River in Zhushan, chased him into Shaanxi, and defeated him once more at Mengshi Ridge in Pingli. In the ninth month he routed Gao Junde and Li Quan at Wujia River in Guangyuan. When his father died he was granted funds for the funeral but ordered to remain on campaign in mourning dress. He beat Luo Qiqing again and again at Guanyin Flat, Dapeng stockade, and Qingguan Mountain until Qiqing was taken, and Yuchun was made commander of the Xining garrison in Gansu. In the fourth year (1799) he served under Ereldunbao in killing Xiao Zhanguo and Zhang Changgeng, capturing Wang Guangzu, and slaying Leng Tianlu. His achievements topped the rolls, his renown filled Sichuan and Shaanxi, and even children knew his name. He hunted Zhang Zicong from summer into autumn and routed him again and again across Liangshan, Yunyang, Taiping, Kaixian, and Tongjiang. Hard pressed, Zicong repeatedly joined forces with Fan Renjie, Gong Jian, and Ran Tianyuan and finally tried to link up with Wang Dengting. Dengting held Ma'an stockade; Yuchun stormed it, harried the fleeing rebels, took his lieutenant Jin Younian at Tuyazi, and cut down Ruan Zhengchong on Yunwu Mountain in Guangyuan.
4
至冬，登廷由陝入川，與冉天元合。 額勒登保率遇春與穆克登布會擊之於蒼溪貓兒埡。 穆克登布違約，先期進，挫敗，遇春據廢壘力拒，燃草炬擲山下，戰徹夜，幸得全師，迭擊皆獲勝。 登廷孑身至蒲江，為鄉團擒獻，斬之。 五年，擢甘州提督，偕穆克登布破張天倫於兩當，又從額勒登保追楊開甲於商、雒，扼龍駒寨，殲張漢潮餘黨劉允恭、劉開玉，予雲騎尉世職。
When winter came, Dengting crossed from Shaanxi into Sichuan and united with Ran Tianyuan. Ereldunbao led Yuchun and Mukedengbu to strike them together at Mao'erya in Cangxi. Mukedengbu broke the plan and attacked early, only to be beaten back. Yuchun held a ruined fort and fought on, flinging burning grass torches down the slope. The battle lasted all night; he kept his army intact and won every clash that followed. Dengting fled alone to Pujiang, where local militia seized him and handed him over; he was then executed. In the fifth year (1800) he became commander at Ganzhou. With Mukedengbu he broke Zhang Tianlun at Liangdang, then followed Ereldunbao in chasing Yang Kaijia through Shang and Luo, sealed Longju stockade, and wiped out Zhang Hanchao's lieutenants Liu Yungong and Liu Kaiyu. He received a hereditary yunqiwei commission.
5
遇春與穆克登佈為經略左、右翼長，議每不合，自蒼溪戰後，益不相能。 額勒登保等疏言：「諸將中惟遇春謀勇兼優，可當一面。 請益所部兵，與經略、參贊分路勦賊。」 遂以提督別領偏師，沿渭西上，剿汧、隴之賊。 五月，擊伍金柱於漢陰手板岩及銅錢窖，戰方酣，楊開甲從間道突至，腹背受敵，自午至酉，圍愈急，有白袍賊手大旗，直犯遇春，相去咫尺，忽墜馬，則為後隊護槍所斃，乃金柱悍黨龐洪勝也。 賊驚潰，額勒登保兵亦會，追賊至洋縣茅坪，斬開甲，又擒陳杰於大石坂。 八月，斬金柱於成縣峽溝，斬宋麻子於鳳縣潘家溝。 六年，破冉學勝於石泉石塔寺。 高天德、馬學禮、王廷詔為大軍所驅，竄五郎壩。 遇春方追學勝，偵知之，乘夜掩擊，天德等分竄，乃由斜峪關躡擊，阻其入甘肅之路，复破賊於鋼鋪廠，一晝夜馳四百里，追及廷詔於川、陝界鞍子溝擒之，天德、學禮竄禪家岩。 遇春料賊由寧羌奔逸，急由斜谷趨二郎壩，設伏龍洞溪，賊果至，俘斬殆盡，二賊就擒，晉騎都尉世職。 是役，釋降眾健者八百人，編為一隊，皆原效死。 會經略檄合剿冉學勝，獲諜，得賊虛實，謂降眾曰：「汝等立功贖罪，此其時矣！」 至紫陽天池山，賊於伏莽中突起，八百人力戰，衝賊為數段，遂大捷。 張天倫糾五路賊聚洵陽，學勝復與合，大破之於孫家坡。 追賊入川，擒冉天泗、王士虎於通江報曉埡。 士虎故劇盜，專劫寨峒避大軍。 遇春夜往捕，適賊由他路襲營，遇春不回救，伏巢外候賊歸，擒斬無遺。 賊中有名號者剿除幾盡，餘匪以老林為藪。 遇春專任搜剿，以遲緩，嚴詔切責。 七年秋，殲苟文明，調固原提督。 尋以大功戡定，詔遇春功尤著，殲首逆獨多，晉二等輕車都尉。
Yuchun and Mukedengbu served as the grand coordinator's left and right wing commanders but rarely agreed. After the battle at Cangxi they could hardly work together at all. Ereldunbao and others wrote to the throne: "Of all the generals, only Yuchun has both counsel and courage and can command a theater on his own. We ask that his force be enlarged so he, the grand coordinator, and the commissioner can hunt the rebels on separate lines." The court approved, and as commander he led a detached column up the west bank of the Wei to clear rebels from Qian and Long. In the fifth month he struck Wu Jinzhu at Shouban Rock and Tongqian cellar in Hanyin. While the fight was hottest, Yang Kaijia hit him from a side path, and from noon until evening Yuchun was caught between two fires. A rebel in white robes carrying a great banner charged straight at him; within a step the man fell from his horse, killed by rear-guard musketeers — Pang Hongsheng, Jinzhu's fiercest lieutenant. The rebels broke and ran. Ereldunbao's men came up, and together they chased the enemy to Maoping in Yangxian, where Kaijia was killed and Chen Jie was taken at Dashiban. In the eighth month he killed Jinzhu at Xiagou in Chengxian and Song Mazi at Panjiagou in Fengxian. In the sixth year (1801) he routed Ran Xuesheng at Shita Temple in Shiquan. Gao Tiande, Ma Xueli, and Wang Tingzhao, harried by the main force, fled to Wulangba. Yuchun was chasing Xuesheng when scouts brought word of the three rebels. He struck by night; Tiande and the others split up. He pressed through Xieyu Pass to cut off their escape into Gansu, beat them again at Gangpu factory, rode four hundred li in a single day and night, and overtook Tingzhao at Anzigou on the Sichuan-Shaanxi border and took him. Tiande and Xueli fled to Chanjiayan. Expecting them to flee through Ningqiang, Yuchun raced through Xiegu to Erlangba and laid an ambush at Longdong Stream. The rebels came as he foresaw; nearly all were killed or captured, and both Tiande and Xueli were taken. He was promoted to hereditary cavalry commandant. After this fight he enrolled eight hundred fit men from among the surrendered rebels in a single company; every one of them volunteered to fight to the death for him. When orders came for a joint strike on Ran Xuesheng, a spy told him the enemy's dispositions. He told the surrendered troops, "Here is your chance to win merit and wipe away your crimes!" At Tianchi Mountain in Ziyang the rebels rose from ambush in the brush. The eight hundred fought hand to hand, shattered the enemy into several bands, and won a resounding victory. Zhang Tianlun mustered rebels from five routes at Xunyang. Xuesheng joined him again, and Yuchun crushed them at Sunjiapo. He chased the rebels into Sichuan and took Ran Tiansi and Wang Shihu at Baoxiao'ya in Tongjiang. Shihu was a notorious bandit who preyed on stockades and cave hamlets to keep clear of the main columns. Yuchun went out by night to seize him. Rebels struck the camp by another road, but he did not turn back; he waited in ambush outside their den until they returned and killed or captured every one of them. Nearly every rebel of note had been wiped out; the survivors hid in the deep old-growth forests. Yuchun alone was charged with hunting them down, and when progress lagged the court sent stern rebukes. In the autumn of the seventh year (1802) he destroyed Gou Wenming and was posted as commander at Guyuan. When the great campaign ended in victory, an edict singled out Yuchun's outstanding service — he alone had killed more rebel chiefs than any other — and promoted him to second-class light chariot commandant.
6
八年，丁母憂，賜金，給假四十日。 苟文明餘黨苟文潤集千餘人，皆獷悍，蹂躪漢江左右，諸軍久役不振。 遇春至，乃奮，連戰紅山寺、平溪河，殲之，賊氛漸清。 十年，凱撤，詔許回籍補持母服百日，假滿入覲。 會寧陝鎮兵變。 鎮兵新設，入伍者多鄉勇、降賊，不易制。 總兵楊芳赴固原攝提督，因停給鹽米銀，發包穀充糧，遂戕副將、游擊，劫庫獄以叛。 遇春行至西安，聞變，偕巡撫方維甸馳往。 詔德楞泰赴陝治其事，命遇春扼方柴關，賊銳甚，兵交數失利。 賊首蒲大芳望見遇春，下馬遙跪，哭訴營官蝕餉狀，遇春曉以順逆，知可以義動，與楊芳謀，同主撫。 諸帥尚猶豫，遇春按兵緩攻，令芳單騎入賊營諭之。 越數日，大芳竟縛倡逆之陳達順、陳先倫詣遇春降。 遂率大芳邀擊餘賊於江口，斬其渠硃先貴。 德楞泰疏陳叛兵窮蹙乞命，請釋歸伍，詔斥縱叛廢法，降遇春寧陝鎮總兵，大芳等二百餘人皆戍新疆。 十三年，入覲，命兼乾清門侍衛，仍授固原提督。
In the eighth year (1803) his mother died; the court granted funds for the funeral and forty days' leave. Wenming's lieutenant Gou Wenrun rallied more than a thousand hardened fighters who ravaged both banks of the Han. The other armies, worn down by years of campaigning, could not shake them off. When Yuchun arrived his men found new heart. He fought them at Hongshan Temple and Pingxi River in succession, destroyed them, and the rebellion along the Han began to subside. In the tenth year (1805) the victorious armies were withdrawn. He was allowed to go home and complete the hundred days of mourning for his mother, then return to court when his leave ended. Just then the Ningshan garrison mutinied. The garrison was newly formed, filled largely with local militia and former rebels, and proved hard to discipline. Commander Yang Fang had gone to Guyuan to act as interim commander. When salt-and-rice stipends were cut and the men were paid in bagged grain instead, they murdered the deputy and regional commanders, looted the treasury and jail, and rose in revolt. Yuchun was at Xi'an when he heard the news and rode at once to the scene with Governor Fang Weidian. Delengtai was ordered to Shaanxi to handle the crisis while Yuchun blocked Fangchai Pass. The mutineers fought fiercely and the government troops lost several skirmishes. The rebel chief Pu Dafang saw Yuchun, dismounted, and knelt at a distance, weeping as he described how officers had stolen their pay. Yuchun reasoned with him about loyalty and treason, judged that he could be swayed by justice, and with Yang Fang agreed on a policy of pacification. Other commanders still wavered. Yuchun held his army back and pressed lightly, then sent Fang alone into the rebel camp to parley. Within days Dafang bound the ringleaders Chen Dashun and Chen Xianlun and brought them to Yuchun to surrender. He then led Dafang in an ambush of the remaining rebels at Jiangkou and killed their leader Zhu Xiangui. Delengtai reported that the mutineers, cornered, pleaded for mercy and asked to be restored to the ranks. The throne rebuked leniency toward rebels as a breach of law, demoted Yuchun to commander of the Ningshan garrison, and sent Dafang and more than two hundred others to exile in Xinjiang. In the thirteenth year (1808) he came to court, was made an attendant of the Qianqing Gate, and was restored as commander at Guyuan.
7
十八年，天理教匪李文成踞滑縣，命陝甘總督那彥成討之，以遇春為參贊。 賊萃精銳道口鎮，遇春率親兵八十人，沿運河西進覘之，遇賊數千，即突擊，賊辟易，追渡河，擒斬二百； 收隊少二人，复衝入賊陣，奪二屍還，賊為喪氣，遂斷浮橋，焚渡船，進攻，賊望見輒靡。 尋克道口，复擊走桃源、輝縣援賊，合圍滑城，用地隧轟破之，文成自焚死。 十二月，滑縣平，封二等男爵，賜黃馬褂。
In the eighteenth year (1813) the Tianli sect rebel Li Wencheng seized Huaxian. Governor-General Nayancheng of Shaanxi and Gansu was sent against him with Yuchun as his deputy. The rebels concentrated their best troops at Daokou Town. Yuchun took eighty personal guards up the Grand Canal to scout, ran into several thousand rebels, and charged at once. The enemy broke; he pursued across the river and killed or captured two hundred; when he formed up, two men were missing. He charged back into the rebel lines, recovered both bodies, and returned. The rebels' morale collapsed. He cut the pontoon bridge, burned the ferry boats, pressed the attack, and wherever the rebels saw him they broke and fled. He soon took Daokou, routed relief columns from Taoyuan and Huixian, and joined the siege of Huacheng. A mine breach brought down the walls; Wencheng burned himself to death. By the twelfth month Huaxian had fallen. He was made a second-class baron and given the yellow riding jacket.
8
陝西南山賊萬五倡亂，十九年正月，移師往討，斬萬五及其黨，凡兩越月蕆事，晉一等男。 陛見，仁宗慰勞有加，命至膝前，執其手曰：「朕與卿同歲，年力尚強，將來如有軍務，卿須為朕獨當一面。」 手賜珍物，見遇春長髯，稱美者再。 時遇春弟逢春為曹州鎮總兵，命繞道視所練兵。 宣宗即位，加太子少保，賜雙眼花翎。 道光五年，署陝甘總督。
In southern Shaanxi the bandit Wanwu rose in revolt. In the first month of the nineteenth year (1814) Yuchun marched against him, killed Wanwu and his followers, and finished the campaign in two months. He was promoted to first-class baron. At court the Jiaqing Emperor warmly praised him, called him forward, took his hand, and said, "You and I are the same age, and still strong. If war comes again, you must command a theater for me on your own." He gave him precious gifts with his own hand. Seeing Yuchun's long beard, he praised it again and again. Yuchun's younger brother Fengchun was then commander at Caozhou; the emperor told Yuchun to visit him on the way home and inspect his troops. When the Daoguang Emperor came to the throne, Yuchun was made Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent and given the double-peacock-plume insignia. In the fifth year of Daoguang (1825) he served as acting governor-general of Shaanxi and Gansu.
9
六年，回酋張格爾叛，詔遇春率陝、甘兵五千馳赴哈密。 尋命大學士長齡為揚威將軍，遇春為參贊，會兵阿克蘇進剿。 七年二月，連敗賊於洋阿爾巴特、沙布都爾、阿瓦巴特，擒斬數万，追至渾河，距喀什噶爾十餘裡，賊悉眾抗拒，列陣二十餘裡。 會大風霾，前隊迷道，未即至，將軍欲退屯十餘裡，須霽而進，遇春不可，曰：「天讚我也，賊不知我兵多少，又虞我即渡，時不可失！ 且客軍利速戰，難持久。」 乃遣千騎繞趨下游牽賊勢，自率大兵乘晦霧驟渡上游，砲聲與風沙相並，乘勢衝入賊陣，賊大奔。 三月朔，遂復喀什噶爾，甫旬日，英吉沙爾、葉爾羌、和闐以次復，加太子太保。 張格爾遠遁，詔遇春先入關。 八年正月，楊芳擒張格爾於鐵蓋山，遇春入覲，捷音適至，帝大悅，賜紫韁，實授陝甘總督，圖形紫光閣。 遇春坐鎮陝、甘凡十年，務持大體，不輕更張，討蒐軍實，鎮馭邊疆，皆有法。 十五年，以老予告歸，召至京，陛辭，晉封一等昭勇侯，食全俸，御製詩書扇賜之。 十七年，卒於家，贈太子太傅、兵部尚書，賜金治喪，入祀賢良祠、鄉賢祠，諡忠武。
In the sixth year (1826) the Muslim leader Jahangir Khoja rebelled. Yuchun was ordered to rush five thousand troops from Shaanxi and Gansu to Hami. Grand Secretary Changling was soon named Pacification Commissioner General with Yuchun as his deputy. They concentrated at Aksu and marched west. In the second month of the seventh year (1827) he won a string of victories at Yang'arbat, Shabudur, and Awabat, killing or capturing tens of thousands. He pursued to the Hun River, a dozen li from Kashgar, where the rebels massed their entire force in a line more than twenty li long. A sandstorm struck. The vanguard lost its way and had not yet come up. The general wanted to fall back ten li and wait for clear weather. Yuchun refused. "Heaven is on our side," he said. "The rebels cannot tell how many men we have and fear we will cross at once. We must not miss this moment! Besides, an expeditionary force needs a quick victory and cannot stay in the field long." He sent a thousand cavalry downstream to pin the enemy, then led the main body across upstream through the murk. Cannon fire blended with the sandstorm as he drove into the rebel line; the enemy broke and ran. On the first day of the third month Kashgar was retaken. Within ten days Yengisar, Yarkand, and Khotan fell in turn. He was made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. Jahangir fled into the distance. Yuchun was ordered to return through the passes ahead of the main army. In the first month of the eighth year (1828) Yang Fang captured Jahangir at Tiegai Mountain. Yuchun came to court just as word of victory arrived. The emperor was delighted, gave him the purple reins, confirmed him as governor-general of Shaanxi and Gansu, and had his portrait hung in the Hall of Purple Splendor. For ten years Yuchun governed Shaanxi and Gansu, keeping to broad principles and changing little, auditing troop strength, and holding the frontier — all with settled methods. In the fifteenth year (1835) he asked to retire on account of age, was summoned to Beijing, took his leave at court, was raised to first-class Marquis Zhaoyong with full salary, and received a fan inscribed with an imperial poem. In the seventeenth year (1837) he died at home. The court posthumously made him Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent and Minister of War, granted funds for the funeral, enshrined him in the Shrine of Worthies and his home district's hall of local worthies, and gave him the posthumous name Zhongwu (Loyal and Martial).
10
遇春結髮從戎，大小數百戰，皆陷陣冒矢石，未嘗受毫髮傷。 仁宗詢及，嘆為「福將」。 治軍善於訓練，疲卒歸部下即膽壯，或精銳改隸他人，仍不用命。 將戰，步伐從容，雖猝遇伏，不至失措。 俘虜必入賊三月以外始誅，老稚皆赦免。 馭降眾有恩，尤得其死力。 操守廉潔，治家嚴整，子弟皆謹守其家風。
From youth Yuchun had followed the colors. In hundreds of battles great and small he always led the charge under arrow and stone, yet never took so much as a scratch. When the Jiaqing Emperor asked about it, he sighed and called him a "general blessed by fortune." He was a master trainer: worn-out soldiers grew bold again under him, while crack troops reassigned to other commanders often refused to obey. Before battle he moved at an unhurried pace; even a sudden ambush did not throw him off. He executed captives only if they had been with the rebels more than three months; the elderly and children were always spared. He treated surrendered rebels with kindness and won their utmost loyalty. He was incorruptible in office and strict at home; his sons and brothers all kept his family ways.
11
弟逢春，久隨軍中，積功授重慶鎮標游擊。 後從賽衝阿平陝西洋縣匪，累擢山東曹州鎮總兵，調兗州鎮。
His younger brother Fengchun had long served with the army, earned merit, and became regional commander of the Chongqing garrison corps. He later served under Saichong'a against the Yangxian rebels in Shaanxi, rose to commander of the Caozhou garrison in Shandong, and was transferred to Yanzhou.
12
子國佐，四川茂州營都司，加副將銜。
His son Guozuo served as commander of the Maozhou battalion in Sichuan and held the additional rank of deputy commander.
13
國楨，字海梁。 以舉人入貲為戶部郎中，出任潁州知府，累擢河南布政使。 洎回疆底定，宣宗推恩，就擢巡撫，疏請留其父部將訓練河南兵。 武臣父子同時膺疆寄，與趙良棟、岳鍾琪兩家比盛焉。 遇春歿，襲侯爵，服闋，授山西巡撫，歷官皆有聲。 道光二十一年，擢閩浙總督。 尋以腿疾乞歸，在籍食俸，數年卒。
Guozhen, whose courtesy name was Hailiang. As a provincial graduate he bought his way into the Board of Revenue as a director, served as prefect of Yingzhou, and rose to provincial treasurer of Henan. After the Muslim frontier was pacified, the Daoguang Emperor favored him with a direct promotion to governor. He asked to keep his father's former officers to drill the Henan troops. Father and son both held frontier commands at once — a distinction rivaling the houses of Zhao Liangdong and Yue Zhongqi. After Yuchun's death Guozhen inherited the marquisate. When mourning ended he became governor of Shanxi and earned a name in every office he held. In the twenty-first year of Daoguang (1841) he was made governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang. He soon retired because of a leg ailment, drew his stipend at home, and died a few years later.
14
遇春尤知人，獎拔如不及。 識楊芳於卒伍中，力荐之，卒為大將，勳名與之埒，天下稱「二楊」，自有傳。 部曲多洊至專閫，著者曰吳廷剛、祝廷彪、遊棟雲。
Yuchun had a rare gift for judging men and promoted talent as fast as he could find it. He spotted Yang Fang in the ranks, backed him strongly, and Fang rose to become a great general of equal fame. The empire called them the "Two Yangs"; each has his own biography. Many of his officers rose in turn to independent command. The best known were Wu Tinggang, Zhu Tingbiao, and You Dongyun.
15
廷剛、四川成都人。 由行伍徵苗，擢守備。 從遇春剿教匪，善偵敵。 嘉慶四年，破王登廷於青龍坪，擢都司。 五年，剿楊開甲、辛聰於龍駒寨，倍道掩襲，敗賊輝塔、洞寨。 伍金柱踞手板岩，輕騎往探，獲賊諜，馳報，得大捷。 追張天倫至馬桑壩，高天升、戴仕傑由箭桿山突出，迎擊，大敗之，擢游擊。 六年，孫家坡之戰，分追餘賊至關埡，奪據山頂，賊多墜崖死，擢參將。 追高見奇、姚馨佐至通江，山徑紆險，棄馬行，見賊數十人，奪路走，擒其酋，乃辛鬥也。 通江賊李彬夜竄熊家灣，廷剛先至，橫衝賊為二，後賊回竄，與大軍夾擊，大破之，擒魏中均、苟朝萬、王士元。 七年，迭擊辛聰、劉永受於老君嶺、菜子坪、太平峒、燕子岩，賊四竄； 偕祝廷彪徒步入山，追賊田峪，將歸隊，過桃川沙壩，見山樹紅旗，疑之，偵知賊首苟文明冒官軍，奮擊敗之，分路要截，擒斬數百。 文明將入川，追至花石岩，見山上炊煙起，麾兵仰攻，文明知不能脫，擲跳岩下，就斬之； 又擒殲苟七麻子、吳廷詔、張芳等。 八年，搜剿南山餘匪，往來老林。 九年，賊聚川、陝邊界，廷剛至桃木坪，賊乘霧衝撲，受矛傷，窮追越楚境，迭敗之石渣河、亢喜坡。 進攻馬鞍山，賊伏陡崖，徑馳上，擒賈燦華、苟文華、王振、謝尚玉等。 賊遁老山，偕祝廷彪選健卒持乾崿輕騎躡剿，遍歷險僻。 至十年，擒斬殆盡，擢甘肅涼州鎮總兵，調漢中鎮。 十八年，剿三才峽匪萬五，別賊起古子溝，分兵克之。 萬五乘間連踞峒寨，敗之於袁家莊、平木山梁，分兵抄襲，設伏沙壩，擒其黨週在庭、週之順。 萬五窮蹙，竄盩厔山中，為他軍所擒。 進剿餘黨，擒尹朝貴、劉功。 十九年，事平，詔廷剛首先進剿，功最，加提督銜。 尋擢廣東陸路提督，未至，卒。 詔念前勞，予優恤，諡壯勤。
Tinggang came from Chengdu in Sichuan. He entered service in the ranks against the Miao and was promoted to garrison commander. He followed Yuchun against the White Lotus rebels and excelled at reconnaissance. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799) he defeated Wang Dengting at Qinglong Flat and was made battalion commander. In the fifth year he fought Yang Kaijia and Xin Cong at Longju stockade, made a night march by a hidden path, and routed the rebels at Huita and Dong stockades. When Wu Jinzhu held Shouban Rock, Tinggang rode out lightly to scout, seized a rebel spy, reported at once, and helped win a great victory. Pursuing Zhang Tianlun to Masangba, he met Gao Tiansheng and Dai Shijie bursting from Jiangan Mountain, defeated them soundly, and was promoted to regional commander. At the battle of Sunjiapo in the sixth year he pursued stragglers to Guanya, seized the hilltop, and drove many rebels over the cliffs to their deaths. He was promoted to deputy commander. Pursuing Gao Jianqi and Yao Xinzu into Tongjiang on narrow mountain tracks, he left his horse and went on foot, saw a few dozen rebels, cut off their escape, and took their chief Xin Dou. When Li Bin of Tongjiang fled by night to Xiongjiawan, Tinggang got there first, split the rebel column, and when the rear guard turned back he and the main force crushed them, taking Wei Zhongjun, Gou Chaowan, and Wang Shiyuan. In the seventh year he repeatedly attacked Xin Cong and Liu Yongshou at Laojun Ridge, Caiziping, Taiping cave, and Yanziyan until the rebels broke four ways; with Zhu Tingbiao he marched on foot into the hills, chased rebels to Tianyu, and on the way back past Taoyuan Shaba saw red flags in the trees. Scouts revealed Gou Wenming posing as imperial troops. He attacked, won, and cut off their retreat, killing or capturing hundreds. Wenming tried to slip into Sichuan. Tinggang chased him to Huashiyan, saw smoke on the heights, and ordered an uphill assault. Wenming, seeing no escape, leaped from the cliff and was beheaded on the spot; he also killed or captured Gou Qimazi, Wu Tingzhao, Zhang Fang, and others. In the eighth year he hunted down southern hill rebels, ranging through the deep old forests. In the ninth year rebels massed on the Sichuan-Shaanxi border. At Taomuping they rushed him through the mist and wounded him with a spear, but he chased them across the Hubei border and beat them at Shizha River and Kangxipo. At Ma'an Mountain rebels hid on a steep cliff. He rode straight up and took Jia Canhua, Gou Wenhua, Wang Zhen, Xie Shangyu, and others. The rebels fled into the deep mountains. With Zhu Tingbiao he picked hardy men with dry rations and light cavalry and scoured every remote defile. By the tenth year the rebels were nearly wiped out. He was made commander at Liangzhou in Gansu and transferred to Hanzhong. In the eighteenth year (1813) he suppressed Wanwu at Sancai Gorge; when rebels rose at Guzigou he sent a detachment to crush them. Wanwu seized one cave stockade after another. Tinggang beat him at Yuanjiazhuang and Pingmushanliang, flanked him with a detached column, and ambushed his men at Shaba, taking Zhou Zaiting and Zhou Zhishun. Cornered, Wanwu fled into the Zhounan mountains and was taken by another column. He then hunted down the survivors and captured Yin Chaogui and Liu Gong. In the nineteenth year (1814), when the campaign ended, an edict praised Tinggang for leading the first assault and ranking first in merit. He received the additional rank of commander. He was soon promoted to land forces commander of Guangdong but died before taking up the post. The court recalled his long service, granted generous mourning benefits, and gave him the posthumous name Zhuangqin (Stalwart and Diligent).
16
廷彪，四川雙流人。 由行伍徵苗，擢守備。 嘉慶五年，從遇春殲劉元恭、劉開玉，擢都司。 六年，擒王廷詔，擢游擊。 七年，勦賊平安寨，設伏長溝，乘夜掩擊，中矛傷，裹創力戰，斃苟文清於陣； 偕吳廷剛殲苟文明於花石岩，擒苟文齊於鱉鍋山：擢參將。 又破張世云於北溝口。 八年，迭擊賊於老林、小岔溝、白果園，擒冉璠。 九年，偕羅思舉追賊入界嶺老林，攻望都觀賊巢。 從遇春擊賊鳳凰寨、壩口、馬鞍山，並多斬獲。 十一年，擢漢中協副將。 值寧陝兵變，赴南山截剿。 甫定，瓦石坪周士貴復起，偕羅思舉合擊擒之，賜號迅勇巴圖魯。 十四年，擢甘肅寧夏鎮總兵，調陝西西安鎮。 十九年，剿三才峽匪萬五餘黨，偕吳廷剛擒尹朝貴於木瓜園。 分路勦賊黃草坪，毀其巢，追入手板岩老林，賊詭降，設伏，擒其渠陳四，擢湖南提督。 道光三年，內召，授頭等侍衛，仍兼提督銜。 以熟悉南山情形，未幾，复授西安鎮總兵。 在任凡十年，擢貴州提督，調浙江提督。 二十年，英吉利兵陷定海，守招寶山，吏議褫職，詔留任。 尋以年老休致，歸，卒於家。
Tingbiao came from Shuangliu in Sichuan. He entered the ranks against the Miao and rose to garrison commander. In the fifth year of Jiaqing he followed Yuchun in wiping out Liu Yungong and Liu Kaiyu and was made battalion commander. In the sixth year he captured Wang Tingzhao and was promoted to regional commander. In the seventh year he stormed Ping'an stockade, laid an ambush at Longgou, attacked by night, took a spear wound, fought on with bandaged wounds, and killed Gou Wenqing in the melee; with Wu Tinggang he destroyed Gou Wenming at Huashiyan and took Gou Wenqi at Bieguoshan. He was promoted to deputy commander. He also defeated Zhang Shiyun at Beigoukou. In the eighth year he repeatedly attacked rebels in the old forest, Xiaochagou, and Baiguoyuan and captured Ran Fan. In the ninth year, with Luo Siju, he chased rebels into the Jieling old forest and stormed their nest at Wangdu Temple. He followed Yuchun against rebels at Fenghuang stockade, Bakou, and Ma'an Mountain and took many heads in each fight. In the eleventh year he was made deputy commander of the Hanzhong garrison. When the Ningshan garrison mutinied, he marched to the southern hills to cut them off. Hardly was that over when Zhou Shigui of Washiping rebelled again. With Luo Siju he attacked and captured him and received the title Swift Brave Batu. In the fourteenth year he became commander at Ningxia in Gansu and was transferred to Xi'an in Shaanxi. In the nineteenth year he hunted Wanwu's remnants at Sancai Gorge and with Wu Tinggang captured Yin Chaogui at Mugua Garden. He detached troops against Huangcaoping, burned their nest, and pursued into the Shouban Rock forest. When the rebels pretended to surrender and ambushed him, he seized their chief Chen Si and was made commander of Hunan. In the third year of Daoguang (1823) he was called to court as a first-class imperial bodyguard while retaining his commander rank. Knowing the southern hills well, he was soon back as commander at Xi'an. After ten years in post he was promoted to Guizhou and then transferred to Zhejiang. In the twentieth year (1840), when British forces took Dinghai, he defended Zhaobao Mountain. Officials urged his removal, but the throne kept him in place. He soon retired on account of age, went home, and died there.
17
廷彪果敢力戰，善撫士卒，當時降眾多生事，所部帖然，世稱之。
Tingbiao fought boldly and knew how to win soldiers' hearts. When surrendered rebels often made trouble elsewhere, his men stayed quiet — a quality men praised at the time.
18
棟雲，四川巫山人，寄籍華陽。 以武舉補把總，從征廓爾喀、苗疆，積功累擢寧羌營游擊。 從額勒登保剿教匪，與遇春偕，後乃為其部將。 攻終報寨先登，功最。 嘉慶三年，從遇春追張漢潮、詹世爵、李槐等，由漢中入川境。 諸軍合剿於隘口，棟雲據高俯擊，斷槐手，箭貫世爵胸，皆斃。 漢潮竄梅子關，迎擊，敗之； 又連敗之巴東及陝境兩河關。 設伏王家河，賊至，痛殲之，窮追至河南盧氏，漢潮遁。 四年春，敗賊涼沁河，兵僅五百，斬獲三百餘級。 賊走龍駒寨，屯康家河，棟雲躡之，忽山坳突出悍賊，中矛傷，戰愈力，射殪執旗者，賊乃卻。 事聞，特詔嘉獎。 四月，漢潮踞紅門寺，冒雨出間道擊走之，扼之黑龍口，與明亮、興肇為犄角。 谿水漲，潛涉上游襲擊，賊大潰，又冒雨克欒家河。 八月，敗賊犁澤坪，竄石峽子，棟雲設伏野雞溝，與大兵夾擊，漢潮窮蹙入老林； 分路追剿，擒李潮於張家坪，而漢潮已為明亮擊斃，至是獲其屍：擢甘肅提標參將。 五年，擢安慶協副將。 敗冉學勝於沔陽，連擊高天德、馬學禮於獅子梁、櫻桃埡； 六年春，复破之於五郎坪、鳳凰山。 天德、學禮為遇春所擒。 餘黨踞八斗坪，棟雲分隊襲之，擒羅鳳友； 又破伍金柱餘黨於三岔坪。 至七年春，所部凱撤，擢狼山鎮總兵，父憂去官。 十一年，授河州鎮。 西寧番族出擾，棟雲專剿貴德一路，破賊甘壩山，連敗之六哈圖河、什尖裡、斡汪科合山，遂克沙卜浪賊巢，進至紅露井。 番僧昂賢率十二族降，焚其巢，番境悉平。 以母憂去，起補陝安鎮，調寧夏鎮。 十八年，從遇春剿南山匪，數戰於隴州、沔陽，擒賊渠。 二十三年，標弁江芝誣訐棟雲侵餉，下總督察治，得白，抵芝罪。 棟雲坐私役兵丁，褫職，詔赴遇春軍委用。 道光初，署鹽茶都司，乞病歸，卒。
Dongyun was from Wushan in Sichuan but registered his domicile at Huayang. Through the military examination he became a platoon leader, fought in Gurkha and on the Miao frontier, and rose to regional commander of the Ningqiang battalion. He served under Ereldunbao against the White Lotus rebels alongside Yuchun and later became one of Yuchun's officers. He was first over the wall at Zhongbao stockade and topped the merit rolls. In the third year of Jiaqing he followed Yuchun in chasing Zhang Hanchao, Zhan Shijue, and Li Huai from Hanzhong into Sichuan. At the pass the columns converged. Dongyun held the high ground, struck downward, cut off Li Huai's hand, and put an arrow through Zhan Shijue's chest — both died. Hanchao fled to Meizi Pass; Dongyun intercepted and routed him; then beat him again at Badong and at Lianghe Pass on the Shaanxi frontier. He ambushed them at Wangjia River, destroyed them, and chased them to Lushi in Henan before Hanchao slipped away. In the spring of the fourth year he beat rebels at Liangqin River with only five hundred men and killed or captured more than three hundred. The rebels fled to Longju stockade and camped at Kangjia River. As Dongyun closed in, fierce rebels burst from a ravine. He took a spear wound but fought harder, shot the standard bearer, and the enemy fell back. The court heard of it and issued a special edict of praise. In the fourth month Hanchao held Hongmen Temple. Dongyun came through rain on a hidden track, drove him off, and with Mingliang and Xingzhao penned him at Heilong Pass. When the stream rose he waded upstream under cover and struck; the rebels broke. In the rain he then took Luanjia River. In the eighth month he routed rebels at Lize Flat. They fled to Shixiazi; he ambushed them at Yejigou and, with the main force, drove Hanchao into the deep forest; he split his men in pursuit, captured Li Chao at Zhangjiaping, and confirmed that Mingliang had already killed Hanchao. He was promoted to deputy commander of the Gansu commander's standard. In the fifth year he was made deputy commander of the Anqing garrison. He defeated Ran Xuesheng at Mianyang and repeatedly attacked Gao Tiande and Ma Xueli at Shiziliang and Yingtao'ya; in the spring of the sixth year he beat them again at Wulangping and Fenghuang Mountain. Tiande and Xueli were taken by Yuchun. Remnants held Badouping; Dongyun sent a detachment, stormed them, and captured Luo Fengyou; he also broke Wu Jinzhu's survivors at Sanchaping. By the spring of the seventh year his troops marched home in triumph. He was made commander at Langshan and left office to mourn his father. In the eleventh year he was given the Hezhou garrison. When Xining Tibetans raided, Dongyun cleared the Guide route alone, beat them at Ganbashan, won again at Liuhatu River, Shijianli, and Wangwangkehe Mountain, stormed Shabulang, and advanced to Honglujing. The monk Angxian brought twelve tribes to surrender. Their camps were burned and the Tibetan border was fully pacified. He left to mourn his mother, was recalled to Shaan'an, and was transferred to Ningxia. In the eighteenth year he followed Yuchun against the southern hill rebels, fought several times in Longzhou and Mianyang, and took rebel chiefs. In the twenty-third year a sergeant named Jiang Zhi falsely accused Dongyun of stealing rations. The commander investigated, cleared him, and punished Zhi. Dongyun was found to have used troops for private labor, lost his rank, and was ordered to serve under Yuchun. Early in Daoguang he served as salt-tea director, retired sick, went home, and died.
19
羅思舉，字天鵬，四川東鄉人。 少有膽略，蹻捷，逾屋如飛。 貧困，為盜秦、豫、川、楚間。 結客報仇，數殺不義者。 遭阨，幸不死，久之自悔。 教匪起，充鄉勇，誓殺賊立功名。
Luo Siju, courtesy name Tianpeng, came from Dongxiang in Sichuan. As a youth he was bold and quick, leaping over rooftops like a bird. Poor and desperate, he turned bandit across Shaanxi, Henan, Sichuan, and Hubei. He gathered sworn brothers to settle scores and killed several men he judged wicked. He was nearly killed more than once but survived; in time he repented. When the White Lotus rebels rose he joined the militia, swearing to kill rebels and win honor.
20
王三槐踞東鄉豐城為巢，眾數万，官軍莫敢擊，出掠羅家壩，團勇不習戰。 思舉見賊前鋒數百，詭呼曰：「數十人耳！」 眾氣倍，擊走之。 游擊羅定國使偵豐城，還報：「請率死士夜搗之，官兵外應，可一舉滅。」 定國以為狂。 思舉憤，獨攜火藥往，乘烈風燔之。 賊黑夜相蹂殺，走巔岩，踣死無算，遂奔南壩場。 是役，一夫走賊數万，聲震川東，總督英善給七品軍功，隸副都統佛住。 川賊以羅其清、冉文儔、徐天德、王三槐為最強，徐、王二賊合窺東鄉。 思舉請佛住嚴備，勿聽。 乃為知縣劉清說其清降，知其詐，馳歸，則賊已陷東鄉，戕佛住，清亦拔營去。 時嘉慶二年正月也。 調苗疆凱旋兵猶未至，總兵索費音阿率甘肅兵來援，用思舉策，紮營大團堡，開壕樹柵，埋火藥，誘賊入，轟之，遂奪金峨寺賊巢，復東鄉。 賊竄重石子、香爐坪，德楞泰、明亮並以兵會，思舉請仍如破豐城事，德楞泰壯之。 隻身夜入賊營，會大雨，火藥不燃，賊覺，懼而遁。 自是常將鄉勇，分路為奇兵，與官軍犄角，或為前鋒，殲孫士鳳於淨土庵，又敗賊於峨城山，皆以火攻劫營獲捷。
Wang Sanhuai held Dongxiang's Fengcheng with tens of thousands of men. Government troops dared not attack. When he raided Luojiaba the militia were raw recruits. Siju saw a few hundred rebel vanguard and shouted falsely, "Only a few dozen men!" The militia took heart and drove them back. Regional commander Luo Dingguo sent him to scout Fengcheng. He reported, "Give me volunteers to storm it by night while the regulars strike from outside, and we can wipe them out at once." Dingguo thought him reckless. Furious, Siju went alone with gunpowder and, when a strong wind rose, set the camp ablaze. In the dark the rebels turned on one another, fled to the cliffs, and countless fell to their deaths before fleeing to Nanbacha. One man had routed tens of thousands of rebels; his name shook eastern Sichuan. Governor Yingshan gave him seventh-rank military merit and attached him to Deputy Commandant Fozhu. The strongest Sichuan rebels were Luo Qiqing, Ran Wenchou, Xu Tiande, and Wang Sanhuai. Xu and Wang joined to threaten Dongxiang. Siju urged Fozhu to prepare defenses, but Fozhu refused. He tried to persuade Magistrate Liu Qing to lure Luo Qiqing into surrender, saw through the ruse, and rode back — only to find Dongxiang fallen, Fozhu killed, and Qing's camp gone. This was the first month of the second year of Jiaqing (1797). Victorious Miao troops had not yet returned when Commander Suofeiyin'a brought Gansu reinforcements. Using Siju's plan they camped at Datuanbao, dug trenches, buried powder, lured the rebels in and blew them up, retook the Jin'e Temple nest, and recovered Dongxiang. The rebels fled to Chongshizi and Xiangluping. Delengtai and Mingliang converged with their columns. Siju asked to repeat the Fengcheng trick, and Delengtai approved. He entered the rebel camp alone at night, but rain soaked the powder. The rebels discovered him and fled in panic. Thereafter he often led militia as skirmishers in concert with regular troops — sometimes as vanguard — killing Sun Shifeng at Jingtu'an and beating rebels at Echeng Mountain, always by fire and night raids.
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時川賊與襄陽賊齊王氏等合，雲陽教黨亦起應。 獲諜，知王三槐將赴陳家山，即假所獲賊旗，夜馳往，聲言白號賊至，賊下山迎，悉誘殲之，擒賊首高名貴，其黨張長庚覺而奔，追斬甚眾，擢千總。 三年，總督勒保誘擒三槐，其黨冷天祿踞安樂坪，環攻不下； 召思舉往，夜率死士焚其巢。 將明，殿旅出，大呼曰：「我豐城劫寨羅思舉也！」 賊膽落，潰圍走。 思舉戰績至是始上聞，擢守備。
Sichuan rebels had joined the Xiangyang rebels under the Wangs, and Yunyang sect followers rose in support. A spy told him Wang Sanhuai would visit Chenjiashan. Siju took captured rebel flags, rode by night, and announced that White Banner rebels had arrived. The rebels came down to greet them and were wiped out. He took the chief Gao Minggui; Zhang Changgeng escaped but many were cut down on the chase. He was made company commander. In the third year Governor Lebao captured Sanhuai by ruse. His lieutenant Leng Tianlu held Anleping and resisted siege; Siju was called in and at night led volunteers to burn the nest. At daybreak the main column advanced. He shouted, "I am Luo Siju of the Fengcheng raid!" The rebels lost heart and broke out of the siege. Only now did Siju's exploits reach the capital. He was promoted to garrison commander.
22
德楞泰圍羅其清等於箕山，復召思舉問計。 思舉相地勢，曰：「賊各隘皆壘石守，惟山後懸削數十丈，必恃險乏備。 若官軍攻於前，使不暇他顧； 我率勇敢者梯而上，可搗也。」 如其言，夾擊，大破之，餘賊四逸。 思舉料其必走方山坪，率鄉勇先往，伏坪後，越數日，賊為官軍追擊，果至，擒斬幾盡，遂獲其清。 四年，其清餘黨踞東鄉四季坪，從提督七十五破之。 秋，敗賊巴州豆真坡，又援田朝貴於鐵爐山。 五年春，德楞泰剿冉天元於川西，檄思舉率鄉勇三千赴軍。 戰青龍口，賊踞山險，選精銳九十人夜薄賊巢，破之。 賊分趨農安，將入陝，思舉獻計，請致書額勒登保，約守陽平關，易裝潛入賊卡，殺二賊，眾追捕，乃棄所★K7書逸出。 賊果不敢前，回竄江油。 思舉先驅深入，伏起，奮鬥，而賊以擋牌禦矢銃，困德楞泰於馬蹄岡； 急趨救，使鄉勇人取石亂擊，毀擋牌。 會冉天元馬蹶就擒，賊瓦解。 假賊旗追逐餘匪，斬雷士玉。 攻鮮大川於天寨子，山險不能上，德楞泰遣箭手五百助之，令伏岩下，先以鄉勇誘賊，俟擂石且盡，仰射，箭落如雨，賊退避，遂克之，思舉手擒賊六十餘人。 德楞泰訶其輕生，聲色俱厲； 思舉跪謝，良久出，則冠上已換花翎，由是深感德楞泰，樂為盡力。
Delengtai besieged Luo Qiqing at Jishan and again asked Siju's counsel. Surveying the ground he said, "Every pass is blocked with stone, but the rear cliff drops sheer for dozens of zhang. They trust the terrain and leave it thinly held. If the regulars attack in front and hold their attention; I will take the brave up the cliff and storm them from behind." It worked. The pincer broke them; the survivors scattered four ways. He expected them to flee to Fangshanping, led militia there first, and hid behind the flat. Days later the pursued rebels came as he foretold; nearly all were killed or taken, and Qiqing was captured. In the fourth year Qiqing's remnants held Sijiping in Dongxiang; he followed Commander Qishiwu and broke them. That autumn he beat rebels at Douzhenpo in Bazhou and relieved Tian Chaogui at Tielushan. In the fifth spring Delengtai fought Ran Tianyuan in western Sichuan and called up three thousand militia under Siju. At Qinglong Pass the rebels held the heights. He took ninety picked men, stormed the nest by night, and broke it. The rebels turned toward Nong'an and aimed for Shaanxi. Siju proposed writing Ereldunbao to hold Yangping Pass, disguised himself, slipped into a rebel post, killed two men, was chased, dropped the letter he carried, and escaped. The rebels indeed dared not advance and doubled back into Jiangyou. Siju pushed ahead; an ambush struck and he fought hard while rebels used shield boards against musketry and pinned Delengtai at Matigang; he raced to rescue him and had militia pelt the shield boards with stones until they shattered. Ran Tianyuan's horse stumbled and he was taken; the rebels collapsed. Flying captured rebel banners he chased the remnants and killed Lei Shiyu. At Tianzhaizi the cliffs blocked assault. Delengtai sent five hundred archers to hide below while militia baited the rebels. When the rolling stones stopped, arrows poured down; the rebels gave way and the height fell. Siju seized more than sixty men himself. Delengtai scolded him for recklessness, his voice fierce; Siju knelt to apologize. When he rose, a peacock plume already crowned his cap. From then on he served Delengtai with all his heart.
23
尋從勒保防嘉陵江，七十五以桂涵新敗，調思舉代領所部鄉勇，擢都司。 六年，殲張世龍於鐵溪河，擊援賊陳天奇，陣斬之，賜號蘇勒芳阿巴圖魯，擢游擊。 自是轉戰老林，餉不時至，煮馬韉，啗賊肉以追賊。 七十五卞急，屢為賊所窘，輒賴思舉援救得捷。 既而七十五坐事逮，德楞泰攻苟文明於瓦山溪，賊踞楠木坪，三戰不克。 召思舉率鄉勇至，皆衣狗皮，躡草履，人笑為匄兵，夜越後山伏，一戰破之，殲苟明獻、苟文舉。 眾詫曰：「匄兵破賊矣！」 始補給餉，製衣履，擢參將。 七年，迭敗庹向瑤於風硐子、萬古樓，破齊國點於通江，殲張天倫、魏學盛於巴州。 秋，擊劉朝選於仙女溪，遁鞋底山，擒之。 又偕羅聲皋擒張簡、羅道荣於巴州。 冬，唐明萬竄大寧，追至石柱坪，賊方食，奮擊，大潰，擒明萬。 仁宗以明萬劇賊久稽誅，特詔嘉賚。 諸賊漸就殲除，搜捕南山餘孽，兩年始清，擢太平協副將。 十年，德楞泰剿寧陝叛兵，檄思舉赴軍，尋就撫，盡釋歸伍。 思舉曰：「兵變，殺將陷城破官軍，亂無大於此者。 反賞，是勸叛也！ 何以懲後？ 請誅首逆，以申國法。」 諸將不可。 後川、陝兵果數叛。 十一年，思舉攻西鄉叛兵，斬首逆於陣，風稍息。 署川北鎮，擢涼州鎮總兵，未之任，調重慶鎮。
He then followed Lebao on the Jialing. When Gui Han was beaten, Qishiwu put Siju in charge of his militia and made him battalion commander. In the sixth year he destroyed Zhang Shilong at Tiexi River, cut down the relief leader Chen Tianqi in battle, received the title Sulefang'a Batu, and was made regional commander. Thereafter he fought in the deep forests. When rations failed they boiled saddle leather and ate rebel flesh to keep the chase. Qishiwu was rash and often trapped; Siju's rescues won the day. Qishiwu was soon arrested. Delengtai attacked Gou Wenming at Washanxi; rebels held Nanmuping and three assaults failed. Siju was called with militia clad in dog skins and straw sandals — men mocked them as beggar troops. By night they climbed the rear slope, broke the enemy in one fight, and killed Gou Mingxian and Gou Wenju. Men marveled, "The beggar troops have beaten the rebels!" Only then were rations and uniforms issued. He was promoted to deputy commander. In the seventh year he beat Tuo Xiangyao at Fengdongzi and Wangulou, broke Qi Guodian at Tongjiang, and destroyed Zhang Tianlun and Wei Xuesheng at Bazhou. In autumn he fought Liu Chaoxuan at Xiannü Stream; Chaoxuan fled to Xiedishan and was taken. With Luo Sheng'gao he also took Zhang Jian and Luo Daorong at Bazhou. In winter Tang Mingwan fled to Daning. Siju caught him at Shizhuping while the rebels were at supper and captured Mingwan in the rout. The Jiaqing Emperor, noting that Mingwan had long defied capture, issued a special decree of praise. As the rebels were wiped out, hunting southern hill survivors took two years. He was made deputy commander at Taiping. In the tenth year Delengtai handled the Ningshan mutiny and called Siju up; the men were soon pacified and sent back to the ranks. Siju protested, "They killed officers, stormed towns, and routed imperial troops. No crime is greater. To reward them is to invite rebellion! How will that warn those who come after? Execute the ringleaders and uphold the law." The other generals overruled him. Soon after, Sichuan and Shaanxi troops mutinied again and again. In the eleventh year he attacked mutineers at Xixiang and killed their chief in battle, and the mutinous spirit cooled somewhat. He served as acting north Sichuan commander, was promoted to Liangzhou but transferred to Chongqing before taking post.
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二十年，中瞻對番酋洛布七力叛，夾河築碉。 總兵羅聲皋不能克，許其降，以專擅遣戍。 命思舉進剿，克四砦，洛布七力就殲，請分其地以賞上下瞻對諸出力頭目，事乃定。 道光元年，擢貴州提督，歷四川、雲南、湖北提督。
In the twentieth year the Zhongzan Tibetan chief Luobuqili rebelled and built river-side forts. Commander Luo Sheng'gao failed, offered surrender on his own authority, and was exiled for overstepping. Siju was sent to suppress them, took four forts, destroyed Luobuqili, and divided the land among the loyal Zhongzan headmen, settling the affair. In the first year of Daoguang (1821) he became commander of Guizhou and later held Sichuan, Yunnan, and Hubei.
25
十二年，湖南江華錦田寨瑤趙金龍為亂，與長寧趙福才糾合九衝瑤肆掠，提督海凌阿戰死，勢益熾。 詔總督盧坤偕思舉討之，至永州，議遏賊南竄，斷其西道州、零陵、祁陽山徑，進兵兜擊。 於是驅諸瑤出山，皆東竄常寧洋泉鎮，檄各路進逼合圍，四月，大破之，金龍中槍死，擒其妻子及死黨數十，賜雙眼花翎，予一等輕車都尉世職。 時命尚書禧恩督師，未至軍，先三日奏捷。 禧恩方貴寵用事，怒其不待，盛氣陵之。 思舉曰：「諸公貴人多顧忌。 思舉一無賴，受國厚恩至提督，惟以死報，不知其他！」 禧恩無如何，則詰金龍死狀虛實，思舉獲其屍及所佩印、劍、木偶為證，乃止。 二十年，卒於官，賜太子太保，諡壯勇。 子本鎮，襲世職。
In the twelfth year (1832) the Yao leader Zhao Jinlong of Jintian stockade in Jianghua, Hunan, rebelled. With Zhao Fucai of Changning he rallied nine Yao districts to raid. Commander Hailing'a was killed and the revolt swelled. Governor Lu Kun and Siju were ordered to suppress them. At Yongzhou they planned to block a southern flight, seal western passes through Daozhou, Lingling, and Qiyang, and strike in concert. The Yao were driven from the hills and fled east to Yangquan in Changning. Columns closed in; in the fourth month the rebels were shattered. Jinlong was shot dead; his family and dozens of diehards were taken. Siju received double peacock plumes and a hereditary first-class light chariot commandant rank. Minister Xien was appointed to command but had not arrived when victory was reported three days ahead of him. Xien, then powerful at court, was furious that Siju had not waited and bullied him openly. Siju said, "You great lords have too many scruples. I was a wastrel whom the state raised to commander. I owe it nothing but my life!" Xien could not answer. He challenged whether Jinlong was truly dead. Siju produced the corpse, seal, sword, and wooden charm as proof, and Xien fell silent. In the twentieth year (1840) he died in office. The court made him Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent posthumously and named him Zhuangyong (Stalwart and Valiant). His son Benzhen inherited the garrison post and the hereditary rank.
26
思舉既貴，嘗與人言少時事，不少諱。 檄川、陝、湖北各州縣云：「所捕盜羅思舉，今為國宣勞，可銷案矣。」 再入覲，仁宗問：「何省兵精？」 曰：「將良兵自精。」 宣宗問：「賞罰何由明？」 曰：「進一步，賞； 退一步，罰。」 皆稱旨。 晚年自述年譜。 川中殄諸劇寇，多賴其力，功為人掩，軍中與二楊並稱。 楊芳於諸將少許可，獨至思舉，以為「烈丈夫」。 嘗酒酣袒身示人，戰創斑斑，為父母刲股痕凡七，其忠孝蓋出天性雲。
Once eminent, Siju spoke openly of his youth without shame. He notified magistrates in Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Hubei: "The bandit Luo Siju you wanted is now serving the throne. Close his file." At a later audience the Jiaqing Emperor asked which province had the finest troops. He answered, "Good generals make good troops." The Daoguang Emperor asked how to keep rewards and punishments clear. He said, "One step forward — reward; one step back — punish." Both answers pleased the throne. In old age he wrote his own chronicle. Sichuan's worst bandits fell largely by his hand, though others took the credit. In camp he was named with the Two Yangs. Yang Fang rarely praised any general; of Siju alone he said, "a man of iron." Drunk once, he bared his torso: battle scars everywhere and seven marks where he had cut his flesh for his parents — filial piety and loyalty seemed inborn.
27
同時起鄉勇者，桂涵名與之亞，包相卿較後出，亦至專閫。
Among militia leaders of the day Gui Han ranked just below him; Bao Xiangqing came later but also rose to independent command.
28
涵，亦東鄉人。 少恃勇，橫行鄉里，亡命出走。 繼歸，與思舉同應募為鄉勇。 父天聰，聚族黨屯罐子山。 賊數為涵所窘，欲報之，萬眾來攻。 涵率壯士伏隘，誘賊入空寨，痛殲之。 嘉慶二年，從硃射鬥攻金峨寺，賊突出，圍涵於山峒，火熏水灌皆不傷，反多斃賊，賊乃走。 尋戰淨土庵，偕思舉陷陣，大破之，徐天德黨眾幾盡殲。 同里聞其屢捷，爭來投效，德楞泰、明亮特編涵字營，使涵領之，擢千總，由是知名。
Han too was from Dongxiang. As a youth he bullied the countryside by force and fled as an outlaw. He later returned and enlisted as militia alongside Siju. His father Tiancong rallied clansmen and held Guanzishan. Rebels, often harried by Han, sought revenge and came in tens of thousands. Han ambushed the pass, lured them into an empty stockade, and slaughtered them. In Jiaqing year 2 he followed Zhu Shedou at Jin'e Temple. Rebels surrounded him in a cave; smoke and flood failed to kill him and more rebels died instead. At Jingtu'an he and Siju charged the line and broke the enemy; Xu Tiande's band was nearly wiped out. Neighbors flocked to him after each victory. Delengtai and Mingliang formed the "Han" battalion under his command and made him company commander.
29
三年，大軍圍安樂坪，冷天祿詐降出走，涵偵知之，伏兵於方家壩、魚鱗口，賊至伏發，擒斬甚眾，擢守備。 四年，從德楞泰追賊入陝，每由間道出賊前，與官軍夾擊，數捷。 又從硃射鬥殲包正洪於雲陽蘆花嶺。 從七十五破龔建於開縣火峰寨，手擒建以獻，擢都司。 五年，復從射鬥破賊雲陽，擒其渠李甲，縱歸，招出黨眾數百人，自是降者日至。
In year 3, when Leng Tianlu feigned surrender at Anleping, Han learned the truth, ambushed him at Fangjiaba and Yulin Pass, and was made garrison commander. In year 4 he followed Delengtai into Shaanxi, often cutting ahead by hidden paths to hit the rebels with the regulars. With Zhu Shedou he destroyed Bao Zhenghong at Luhua Ridge in Yunyang. With Qishiwu he beat Gong Jian at Huofeng stockade in Kaixian, seized Jian himself, and was made battalion commander. In the fifth year he again followed Shedou at Yunyang, took the chief Li Jia, released him to win over hundreds of followers, and thereafter surrenders came every day.
30
既而改隸勒保軍，始與思舉分路，轉戰川東西，所至有功，累擢游擊。 六年，從阿哈保追湯思蛟於墊江，賊夜走，涵謂：「窮寇且死鬥，請先伏魏家溝。」 俟其至，突擊，大破之。 又從薛大烈追李彬、冉天士於通江，至小中河，大雪，賊不為備，涵率鄉勇夜半薄賊壘，與官軍四面乘之，賊奔曠野，勁騎衝踏，盡殲焉。 彬遁，未幾，為劉清所獲。 自七年後，复偕思舉遍歷老林，搜剿匿匪，累遷夔州協副將。 九年秋，從經略、參贊圍餘匪於太平火燒梁山，峻無路。 涵議：「守此相持，雖數月無如賊何。 山下小溪通民峒，賊久困，必出劫峒糧，請以步卒伏山後。」 賊果以驍銳千餘潛出，諸將皆死戰，半日殲之，前山自潰。 遂殄滅淨盡，川、陝肅清。
He was then assigned to Lebao, operated apart from Siju, campaigned across eastern and western Sichuan with steady success, and rose to regional commander. In the sixth year he followed Ahobao after Tang Sijiao at Dianjiang. The rebels fled by night. Han said, "Cornered men will fight to the death. Ambush them at Weijiagou." When they came he struck and won a great victory. With Xue Dalie he chased Li Bin and Ran Tianshi to Tongjiang. At Xiaozhong River a snowstorm caught the rebels off guard. Han led militia at midnight against the camp while regulars closed from four sides. The enemy broke into the open and were trampled down by cavalry until none remained. Bin escaped but was soon taken by Liu Qing. From the seventh year on he again ranged the deep forests with Siju, rooting out hidden bandits, and rose to deputy commander at Kuizhou. In the ninth autumn he joined the grand coordinator's siege of remnant bandits on Huoshaoliang at Taiping — cliffs with no path. Han argued, "A stalemate here will not break them even in months. A stream below leads to civilian cave hamlets. Starved rebels will raid for grain. Put infantry in ambush behind the ridge." More than a thousand elite rebels slipped out as he foretold. The generals fought to the last; by midday they were destroyed and the forward slope gave way. The last bands were wiped out and Sichuan and Shaanxi were cleared.
31
十一年冬，綏定兵叛，涵在梁山聞變，慮本部兵與通，單騎馳入郡城，聲言越兩日出兵； 密令弟吉出募鄉勇舊部為一隊，約期合攻。 時賊踞景市廟，將往麻柳場。 涵至，令急赴景市廟，中途改趨麻柳場，距賊數里止隊，入深箐，諜報賊逾千，且至，叱曰：「安得有此眾？」 戒毋輕進，毋漏言涵至。 既而賊自山沖下，三進三退，乃突起擊賊； 而弟吉已率五百人據山頂，賊大潰，擒首逆王德先。 叛兵起事甫五日，一鼓平之，賜號健勇巴圖魯。 十三年，署重慶鎮，尋授川北鎮總兵。 十九年，擊三才峽匪黨吳抓抓等於沔縣，走之。 川北獲安。 道光二年，擢四川提督。 果洛克番匪劫西藏堪布貢物，命剿擒首逆曲俊父子，被優賚。 在任十載，遇番、夷蠢動，兵至輒定。 十三年，討越巂夷匪，連戰皆捷。 忽遘疾，卒於軍。 優恤，贈太子太保，諡壯勇。 子三人，並晉官秩。
In the eleventh winter Suining troops mutinied. Han was at Liangshan, feared his own men would join them, rode alone into the prefectural city, and announced a march in two days; he secretly told his brother Ji to raise his old militia company for a joint strike on a set day. The rebels held Jingshi Temple and were heading for Maliuchang. Han ordered a rush to Jingshi Temple, then swung toward Maliuchang, halted a few li short, and entered a ravine. Scouts reported a thousand rebels. He snapped, "Impossible!" He forbade a rash advance and forbade mention of his arrival. Rebels charged downhill. After three feints he sprang the attack; his brother Ji already held the summit with five hundred men. The rebels broke; the ringleader Wang Dexian was taken. The mutiny was only five days old; one stroke ended it. He received the title Vigorous Brave Batu. In the thirteenth year he acted at Chongqing and soon became north Sichuan commander. In the nineteenth year he drove Sancai Gorge bandits such as Wu Zhuazhua from Mianxian. North Sichuan was pacified. In the second year of Daoguang (1822) he became commander of Sichuan. Golok Tibetans robbed a khubilgan's tribute caravan. He was ordered to capture the chiefs Qujun and his son and was richly rewarded. For ten years in office, whenever border tribes stirred, his troops arrived and the trouble ended. In the thirteenth year he fought Yuexi tribal rebels and won every engagement. He fell suddenly ill and died in camp. The court granted generous mourning benefits, made him Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent posthumously, and named him Zhuangyong (Stalwart and Valiant). All three sons received promotions in rank.
32
相卿，鄰水人。 嘉慶六年，以鄉勇隸松潘鎮標。 嘗從思舉擊陳朝觀於通江龍鳳埡，追賊受矛傷，裹創力戰。 七年，破張天倫於巴州金子寺，相卿斬天倫轂子山下，給藍翎、八品頂戴。 又殲張簡、唐明萬，功皆最。 十年，思舉偵襄賊王世貴、謝應洪匿太平老林，檄相卿躡捕，殲之，授千總。 十二年，剿瓦石坪叛兵，擢守備。 累遷廣元營游擊。 十三年，調徵台灣。 會峨邊越巂倮夷叛，命回川從提督楊芳赴剿，攻克啯嚕崖。 夷踞曲曲烏烏斯坡，相卿梯絕壁，牽挽負砲而上，破之，進毀巴姑賊寨，擢參將。 十五年，倮夷复叛，攻克峨邊十三支夷巢，破越巂沈喳夷，抵濫田壩，兩廳叛夷悉降，累遷懋功協副將。 剿馬邊夷，擒其渠，加總兵銜。 再署建昌鎮總兵，總督鄂山、寶興皆以邊事倚之。 十九年，病歸，卒。
Xiangqing came from Linshui. In the sixth year of Jiaqing he entered the Songpan garrison corps as militia. He followed Siju against Chen Chaoguan at Longfeng'ya in Tongjiang, took a spear wound in the pursuit, and fought on with bandaged wounds. In the seventh year he helped break Zhang Tianlun at Jinzi Temple in Bazhou. Xiangqing cut down Tianlun below Guzishan and received the blue plume and eighth-rank cap button. He also destroyed Zhang Jian and Tang Mingwan, topping the merit rolls again. In the tenth year Siju learned Wang Shigui and Xie Yinghong were hiding in the Taiping forest and sent Xiangqing to destroy them. He was made company commander. In the twelfth year he put down the Washiping mutiny and became garrison commander. He rose to regional commander of the Guangyuan battalion. In the thirteenth year he was ordered to Taiwan. Ebian and Yuexi Lolo tribes rebelled; he was recalled to follow Yang Fang, stormed Guluya cliff, and returned to Sichuan. The tribes held Ququwuwusi slope. Xiangqing climbed the cliff, hauled guns up, broke them, burned the Bagu stockade, and was made deputy commander. In the fifteenth year the Lolo rebelled again. He took thirteen Ebian nests, broke the Yuexi Shenzha, reached Lantianba, and pacified both districts. He rose to deputy commander at Maogong. Against Mabian tribes he took their chief and received the additional rank of commander. He again acted as Jianchang commander; Governors Eshan and Baoxing both relied on him for the border. In the nineteenth year he went home sick and died.
33
論曰：川、楚之役，竭宇內之兵力而後定之。 材武驍猛，萃於行間，然戰無不勝，攻無不取者，厥惟二楊及羅思舉為之冠。 遇春謀勇俱絕，劇寇半為所殲。 思舉習於賊情、地勢、險阨，強梁非其莫克。 至於忠誠忘私，身名俱泰，遇春際遇之隆，固為稀覯； 而思舉以藪澤梟傑，終保令名，煥於旂常矣。 鄉兵出平鉅寇，亦自其為始雲。
The historian remarks: The Sichuan-Hubei war drained the empire's armies before peace came. Brave fighters filled the ranks, yet none matched the Two Yangs and Luo Siju for winning every fight. Yuchun's counsel and courage were unmatched; he destroyed half the worst rebels himself. Siju knew rebel habits, ground, and passes — none could master the hardest foes but he. In loyalty and selflessness, fame and fortune together — Yuchun's rise was rare; yet Siju, a outlaw made general, kept his honor bright on the colors. The use of militia to crush great rebels began with these men.