1
=裕謙=裕謙，原名裕泰，字魯山，博羅忒氏，蒙古鑲黃旗人，一等誠勇公班第曾孫，綏遠城將軍巴祿孫。 父慶麟，京口副都統。
Yu Qian, originally named Yu Tai and styled Lushan, was a Mongol of the Boluote clan in the Bordered Yellow Banner, the great-grandson of Bandi, a first-rank Duke of Cheng Courage, and the grandson of Balu, General of Suoyuan City. His father Qinglin served as Deputy Commander-in-Chief at Jingkou.
2
裕謙，嘉慶二十二年進士，選庶吉士。 散館改禮部主事，遷員外郎。 道光六年，出為湖北荊州知府，始改今名。 調武昌，歷荊宜施道、江蘇按察使。 十九年，就遷布政使，署巡撫，尋實授。
In the twenty-second year of Jiaqing, Yu Qian passed the jinshi examination and was appointed a Hanlin bachelor. After completing his Hanlin training, he was made a principal secretary in the Ministry of Rites and later promoted to vice director. In the sixth year of Daoguang he took up the post of prefect of Jingzhou in Hubei, adopting his present name at that time. He was transferred to Wuchang and subsequently served as intendant of Jing-Yi-Shi Circuit and as Jiangsu provincial judicial commissioner. In the nineteenth year he was promoted on site to provincial treasurer, served as acting governor, and shortly afterward received the permanent appointment.
3
二十年，英兵陷定海，伊里布奉命往剿，裕謙代署兩江總督。 時英艦遊奕海門外洋，江南戒嚴。 裕謙赴寶山、上海籌防，檄徐州鎮總兵王志元，佐提督陳化成防海口。 疏陳規复定海之策，可無慮者四，難緩待者六，謂各省皆可言守，浙江必應議戰，且應速戰。 又疏劾琦善五罪，略曰：「英人至天津，僅五船耳，琦善大張其事，遽稱：『畿疆、遼、瀋處處可虞，後來之艦尚多，勢將遍擾南北』。 冀聳聽聞，以掩其武備廢弛之咎。 張皇欺飾，其罪一。 英酋回粵以來，驕桀日甚，琦善惟責兵將謝過，別未設籌，將士解體，軍心沮喪。 彼軍乘敝，遂衄我師。 我船砲縱不如彼，兵數何啻十倍。 琦善不防後路，事敗委過前人。 試思琦善未至粵時，未聞失機，其又何說？ 弛備損威，其罪二。 沙角、大角砲台既失，自應迅駐虎門，乃其奏中不及剿堵事，惟以覆書緩兵為詞，且囑浙省勿進兵。 旋以給香港、即日通商定議，不俟交還定海後奏允奉行。 違例擅權，其罪三。 既畀香港換出定海，而英人仍欲通商寧波，銷售鴉片。 何以不在粵翦斷葛藤？ 將就苟且，其罪四。 義律僅外商首領，向來呈牘，自稱遠商遠職。 上年在天津、浙江僭稱公使大臣，琦善不之詳，假以稱號。 失體招釁，其罪五。 琦善已為英人藐玩，各國輕視，不宜久於其任。」 疏上，宣宗憤琦善受紿，斥伊里布附和，信裕謙忠直可恃。 二十一年春，罷伊里布，以裕謙代之。
In the twentieth year, after British forces seized Dinghai, Yilibu was dispatched to lead the suppression campaign, and Yu Qian served as acting governor-general of Liangjiang in his stead. British warships were then prowling the seas off Haimen, and Jiangnan was placed on high military alert. Yu Qian went to Baoshan and Shanghai to organize the defense, ordering Wang Zhiyuan, commanding general of Xuzhou, to assist Admiral Chen Huacheng in guarding the harbor entrance. In a memorial he laid out a plan to retake Dinghai, identifying four reasons for confidence and six urgent concerns; he argued that while other provinces might talk only of holding their ground, Zhejiang had to commit to fighting—and to fighting at once. He also submitted a memorial impeaching Qishan on five counts, writing in summary: "When the British reached Tianjin there were only five ships, yet Qishan grossly inflated the threat and immediately declared that the capital region, Liaodong, and Shenyang were all in danger, that more warships were still coming, and that the enemy would soon spread havoc across north and south. He sought to alarm the court and thereby conceal his own failure to maintain the defenses. Alarmist exaggeration and deliberate deception—this was his first offense. Since the British commander returned to Guangdong, his arrogance had grown by the day, yet Qishan did nothing but demand apologies from his officers and men and made no other preparations; the army lost cohesion and morale collapsed. The enemy seized on our weakness and routed our army. Even if our ships and guns were inferior, our numbers were at least ten times theirs. Qishan failed to secure the rear, and when defeat came he blamed those who had gone before him. Before Qishan ever reached Guangdong, no such missed opportunities were reported—what excuse could he offer? Neglect of the defenses and damage to imperial prestige—this was his second offense. Once the Shajiao and Dajiao forts were lost, he should have moved swiftly to Humen, yet his memorials said nothing about pursuing or blocking the enemy; he used nothing but reply letters as a delaying tactic and even instructed Zhejiang not to advance its troops. He then agreed to cede Hong Kong and open trade immediately, without waiting for imperial approval after Dinghai had been returned. Violation of precedent and abuse of authority—this was his third offense. Even after ceding Hong Kong in exchange for Dinghai, the British still wanted to trade at Ningbo and sell opium there. Why did he not settle these entanglements once and for all in Guangdong? Settling for a makeshift compromise—this was his fourth offense. Elliot was only the head of the foreign merchants; in his past communications he had styled himself a distant trader holding a distant office. The year before, at Tianjin and in Zhejiang, he had presumptuously styled himself minister plenipotentiary, and Qishan never looked into it but simply accepted the title. Loss of dignity and invitation of provocation—this was his fifth offense. Qishan had already been treated with contempt by the British and held in low regard by other nations; he should not be kept in office much longer." When the memorial reached the throne, Emperor Xuanzong was enraged that Qishan had been duped, rebuked Yilibu for going along with him, and declared Yu Qian loyal, upright, and trustworthy. In the spring of the twenty-first year, Yilibu was dismissed and Yu Qian was appointed to replace him.
4
裕謙至鎮海，英艦已去定海，渡海往治善後事宜。 尋實授兩江總督，以浙事付巡撫劉韻珂、提督餘步雲，自回江南部署防務。 初，英兵在定海，殘虐人民，既退，猶四出遊奕。 裕謙捕獲兵目，剝皮抽筋而懸之，又掘敵屍焚於通衢。 英人遂藉口復仇，大舉再犯浙洋，裕謙率江寧駐防及徐州鎮兵千，馳至鎮海督戰，令總兵葛雲飛、鄭國鴻、王錫朋率兵五千守定海，手緘密諭，付臨陣啟視，退者立斬。
When Yu Qian reached Zhenhai, the British fleet had already left Dinghai, and he crossed the sea to handle the aftermath. He was soon formally appointed governor-general of Liangjiang, left Zhejiang affairs to Governor Liu Yunke and Admiral Yu Buyun, and returned to Jiangnan to organize the defenses. Earlier, while British troops held Dinghai, they had brutalized the local population; even after withdrawing, they continued to roam the area on patrol. Yu Qian captured enemy soldiers, flayed and dismembered them and hung their bodies on display, and also dug up enemy corpses and burned them in the public streets. The British then used this as a pretext for revenge and launched a major new offensive in Zhejiang waters; Yu Qian led a thousand men from the Jiangning and Xuzhou garrisons to Zhenhai to direct the fighting, and ordered Ge Yunfei, Zheng Guohong, and Wang Xipeng to hold Dinghai with five thousand troops, handing them sealed orders to be opened only in battle and decreeing instant execution for anyone who retreated.
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八月，敵艦二十九艘、兵三萬來攻，分三路並進，血戰六晝夜，三鎮並死之，定海陷。 越數日，敵由蛟門島進犯鎮海，招寶山為要衝，餘步雲守之，別遣總兵謝朝恩守金雞嶺為犄角。 裕謙疑步雲懷兩端，乃集將士祭關帝、天后，與眾約：「毋以退守為詞，離城一步； 亦毋以保全民命為詞，受洋人片紙。 不用命者，明正典刑，幽遭神殛！」 步雲知其意，不預盟誓。 及戰，裕謙登城，手援枹鼓，步雲詣請遣外委陳志剛赴敵艦，暫示羈縻，裕謙不許。 有頃，敵登招寶山，步云不戰而退。 敵復分兵攻金雞嶺，謝朝恩中砲殞，兩山同陷，鎮海守兵望風而潰。 裕謙先誓必死，一日經學宮前，見泮池石鐫「流芳」二字，曰：「他日於此收吾屍也！ 吾曾祖於乾隆二十一年八月殉難，今值道光二十一年八月，非佳兆。」 預檢硃批寄諭、奏稿送嘉興行館，處分家事甚悉。 臨戰，揮幕客先去，曰：「勝，為我草露布； 敗，則代辦後事。」 至是果投泮池，副將豐伸泰等拯之出，輿至府城，昏憊不省人事。 敵且至，以小舟載往餘姚，卒於途，遂至西興，劉韻珂等視其斂。 事聞，贈太子太保，予騎都尉兼一云騎尉世職，附祀京師昭忠祠，於鎮海建立專祠，諡靖節。 柩至京，遣成郡王載銳奠醊。
In the eighth month, twenty-nine enemy warships and thirty thousand troops attacked in three columns; after six days and nights of bloody fighting, all three commanding generals were killed and Dinghai fell. A few days later the enemy advanced from Jiaomen Island against Zhenhai; Yu Buyun held Zhaobaoshan, the key position, while Xie Chaoen was posted at Jinji Ridge to support him. Suspecting Yu Buyun of wavering, Yu Qian gathered the officers and men to offer sacrifice to Lord Guan and the Queen of Heaven and bound them with an oath: "Do not use retreat as an excuse to leave the city by even a single step; nor use protecting the people's lives as an excuse to accept any note from the foreigners. Whoever disobeys shall be punished by law in this world and struck down by the gods in the next!" Yu Buyun understood what Yu Qian meant and refused to take the oath. When battle came, Yu Qian mounted the wall and beat the war drum himself; Yu Buyun came to ask that sub-official Chen Zhigang be sent to the enemy ships as a temporary delaying gesture, but Yu Qian refused. Before long the enemy scaled Zhaobaoshan, and Yu Buyun retreated without a fight. The enemy then sent a detachment against Jinji Ridge; Xie Chaoen was killed by cannon fire, both hills fell together, and the Zhenhai garrison fled in panic. Yu Qian had already sworn to die rather than surrender; one day, passing the Confucian academy, he saw the characters "lasting fame" carved on a stone by the Pan Pool and said, "One day my body will be recovered here! My great-grandfather died in battle in the eighth month of the twenty-first year of Qianlong, and now it is the eighth month of the twenty-first year of Daoguang—not a good omen." He had already sorted out the emperor's rescripts, transmitted orders, and memorial drafts and sent them to his lodge at Jiaxing, putting his household affairs in order in meticulous detail. On the eve of battle he sent his secretaries away, saying, "If we win, draft a victory proclamation for me; if we lose, then see to my affairs after death." When defeat came he did indeed throw himself into the Pan Pool; Vice General Feng Shentai and others pulled him out and carried him in a litter to the prefectural city, where he lay unconscious and near death. With the enemy approaching, he was carried by small boat toward Yuyao but died on the way; his body was taken on to Xixing, where Liu Yunke and others oversaw his encoffining. When word reached the court, he was posthumously made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent and granted hereditary ranks of Commandant of Cavalry and Minor Commandant of Cloud Cavalry; he was enshrined in the Capital Shrine of Loyalty and Righteousness, given a dedicated shrine at Zhenhai, and posthumously titled Jingjie. When his coffin reached the capital, Prince Cheng Zai Rui was sent to offer libations.
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當初敗，餘步雲疏報鎮海大營先潰，裕謙不知所往。 韻珂等奏至，上始釋疑，予優恤。 幕客陳若木從兵間代裕謙妻草狀，詣闕訟冤，逮步雲論治伏法。 嗣子德崚襲世職，以主事用，官至山東候補知府。
Immediately after the defeat, Yu Buyun reported that the main camp at Zhenhai had broken first and that Yu Qian's whereabouts were unknown. When Liu Yunke's memorial arrived, the emperor's suspicions were finally laid to rest and exceptional honors were granted. Yu Qian's secretary Chen Ruomu, amid the chaos of battle, drafted a petition on behalf of Yu Qian's wife and went to the capital to seek redress; Yu Buyun was arrested, tried, and executed. His son Deling inherited the hereditary rank, entered service as a principal secretary, and eventually rose to acting prefect of Shandong.
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=謝朝恩=謝朝恩，四川華陽人。 由行伍從將軍德楞泰剿教匪，積功至都司。 累擢閩浙督標副將，從平台灣張丙亂。 道光十四年，擢狼山鎮總兵。 從伊里布防鎮海，充翼長。 裕謙令守金雞嶺，力戰禦敵。 敵別出一隊由沙蟹嶺繞出山後夾攻，遙見招寶山威遠城已為敵踞，兵遂潰。 朝恩扼砲台，中敵砲，墮海，屍不獲。 浙人有親見其死者，歌詠傳其事，與葛雲飛等同稱四鎮雲。 賜卹，予騎都尉世職。
Xie Chaoen was a native of Huayang in Sichuan. He rose from the ranks, following General Delengtai in suppressing the sect rebels, and accumulated enough merit to reach the rank of colonel. He was promoted repeatedly to vice general of the Fujian-Zhejiang governor-general's banner and took part in suppressing Zhang Bing's rebellion at Pingtan Bay. In the fourteenth year of Daoguang he was promoted to commanding general of Langshan. He joined Yilibu in defending Zhenhai and served as wing commander. Yu Qian ordered him to hold Jinji Ridge, where he fought fiercely to repel the enemy. The enemy sent a separate detachment around Shaxie Ridge to attack from the rear; seeing from afar that Weiyuan City on Zhaobaoshan had already fallen, his troops broke and fled. Chaoen held the battery but was struck by enemy cannon fire, fell into the sea, and his body was never recovered. Zhejiang locals who had witnessed his death sang poems to spread his story, and together with Ge Yunfei and the others he came to be known as one of the Four Zhen Generals. Posthumous honors were granted, including a hereditary rank of Commandant of Cavalry.
8
=重祥=重祥，張氏，漢軍正黃旗人。 世襲一等輕車都尉，金華協副將。 從葛雲飛戰定海受傷，复佐守金雞嶺，力戰死之。 處州營游擊托雲保，卞氏，亦漢軍旗人，偕重祥同殞於陣，並予雲騎尉世職。
Zhong Xiang, of the Zhang clan, was a Han Bannerman of the Plain Yellow Banner. He inherited the hereditary rank of first-class Commandant of Light Chariots and served as vice general of the Jinhua garrison. He fought at Dinghai under Ge Yunfei and was wounded, then helped defend Jinji Ridge and died fighting there. Tuoyunbao, a battalion commander of the Chuzhou garrison and a Han Bannerman of the Bian clan, died alongside Zhong Xiang in battle, and both were granted hereditary ranks of Minor Commandant of Cloud Cavalry.
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=關天培=關天培，字滋圃，江蘇山陽人。 由行伍洊升太湖營水師副將。 道光六年，初行海運，督護百四十餘艘抵天津，被優敘。 七年，擢蘇松鎮總兵。 十三年，署江南提督。 十四年，授廣東水師提督。 時英吉利通商漸萌跋扈，兵船闌入內河，前提督李增階以疏防黜，天培代之。 至則親歷海洋阨塞，增修虎門、南山、橫檔諸砲台，鑄六千斤大砲四十座，請籌操練犒賞經費。 十八年，英人馬他倫至澳門，託言稽察商務，投函不如製，天培卻之。 禁煙事起，偕總督鄧廷楨偵緝甚力。
Guan Tianpei, styled Zipu, was a native of Shanyang in Jiangsu. He rose from the ranks to vice admiral of the Taihu garrison's naval forces. In the sixth year of Daoguang, when sea transport was first instituted, he supervised and escorted more than one hundred forty vessels to Tianjin and received special commendation. In the seventh year he was promoted to commanding general of Su-Song. In the thirteenth year he served as acting commander-in-chief of Jiangnan. In the fourteenth year he was appointed admiral of the Guangdong naval forces. England's traders were growing increasingly arrogant, and warships were intruding into the inner rivers; the previous admiral Li Zengjie had been dismissed for lax defense, and Tianpei replaced him. Upon arrival he personally inspected the strategic points at sea, strengthened the forts at Humen, Nanshan, Hengdang, and elsewhere, cast forty six-thousand-jin cannons, and requested funds for training and rewards. In the eighteenth year the Englishman Maitland reached Macau, claiming to inspect commercial affairs; his letter did not follow proper protocol, and Tianpei rejected it. When the opium prohibition campaign began, he worked closely with Governor-General Deng Tingzhen to hunt down smugglers with great vigor.
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十九年，林則徐蒞廣東，檄天培勒躉船繳煙二萬餘箱焚之，於是嚴海防，橫檔山前海面較狹可扼，鑄巨鐵練橫系之二重，阻敵舟不能迳過，砲台乃得以伺擊。 則徐倚天培如左右手，常駐沙角，督本標及陽江、碣石兩鎮師船排日操練。 七月，英艦突犯九龍山口，為參將賴恩爵擊退。 九月，二艦至穿鼻洋，阻商船進口，挑戰。 天培身立桅前，拔刀督陣，退者立斬。 有擊中敵船一砲者，立予重賞，發砲破敵船頭鼻，敵紛紛落海，乃遁。
In the nineteenth year Lin Zexu arrived in Guangdong and ordered Tianpei to compel the hulks to surrender more than twenty thousand chests of opium for burning; sea defenses were then tightened; the waters before Hengdang Mountain were narrow enough to block, so huge iron chains were cast and stretched across in two rows to prevent enemy vessels from passing directly, allowing the forts to strike at will. Lin Zexu relied on Tianpei as his right hand; Tianpei constantly stationed himself at Shajiao, supervising the flagship and the squadrons of the Yangjiang and Jieshi garrisons in daily drill. In the seventh month British warships suddenly attacked Jiulongshan Pass and were repelled by Colonel Lai Enjue. In the ninth month two warships reached Chuanbi Bay, blocked merchant ships from entering port, and issued a challenge. Tianpei stood at the mast, drew his sword to direct the battle line, and decreed instant execution for anyone who retreated. Anyone who struck an enemy ship with a single cannon shot was immediately given a heavy reward; cannon fire shattered an enemy ship's bow, the enemy fell into the sea one after another, and they fled.
11
敵艦久泊尖沙嘴，踞為巢穴。 迤北山梁曰官湧，俯視聚泊之所，攻擊最便，天培增砲駐營，敵屢乘隙來爭，不得逞。 十月，敵以大艦正面來攻，小舟載兵從側乘潮撲岸，殲之於山岡； 复於迤東胡椒角窺伺，砲擊走之。 乃調集水陸兵守山梁，參將陳連升、賴恩爵、張斌，游擊伍通標、德連等為五路，合同進攻。 敵乘夜來犯，五路大砲齊擊，敵舟自撞，燈火皆滅。 侵曉瞭望，逃者過半，僅存十餘舟遠泊。 次日，復有二敵艦潛進，隨者十數，复諸路合擊，毀其頭船，遂散泊外洋。 捷聞，詔嘉獎，賜號法福靈阿巴圖魯。 二十年春，英艦雖不敢復進，猶招奸民分路載煙私售。 天培沿海搜捕，一日數起，复飭漁船蟹艇乘間焚毀敵舟，英人始改計他犯。
Enemy warships had long anchored at Tsim Sha Tsui and made it their base. The ridge to the north, called Guanyong, overlooked the anchorage and was ideal for attack; Tianpei added guns and stationed troops there, and though the enemy repeatedly tried to seize it, they could not succeed. In the tenth month the enemy attacked head-on with large warships while small boats carried troops ashore on the flank with the tide; they were wiped out on the hills. They also tried to probe from Huajiao to the east and were driven off by cannon fire. He then gathered land and naval forces to hold the ridge, with Colonels Chen Liansheng, Lai Enjue, and Zhang Bin and battalion commanders Wu Tongbiao and Delian forming five columns for a combined assault. The enemy attacked by night; the five columns' great guns fired together, enemy vessels collided with one another, and all their lights went out. At dawn more than half had fled, and only a dozen or so vessels remained anchored far off. The next day two more enemy warships slipped in with about a dozen followers; again all columns combined in attack, destroyed the lead ship, and the rest scattered to anchor in the outer seas. When word of victory reached the court, an edict commended him and granted him the title Fafu Ling'a Batulu. In the spring of the twentieth year, though British warships dared not advance again, they still recruited corrupt locals to smuggle opium by separate routes for private sale. Tianpei searched and seized along the coast, with several cases in a single day; he also ordered fishing boats and crab skiffs to seize openings to burn enemy vessels, and only then did the British change plans and attack elsewhere.
12
及林則徐罷，琦善代之，一意主撫，至粵，先撤沿海防禦，僅留水師制兵三分之一，募勇盡散，而英人要索甚奢，久無定議，戰釁復起。 十二月，英船攻虎門外沙角砲台，副將陳連升死之，大角砲台隨陷，並為敵踞，虎門危急。 天培與總兵李廷鈺分守靖遠、威遠兩砲台，請援，琦善僅遣兵二百。 二十一年正月，敵進攻，守台兵僅數百，遣將慟哭請益師，無應者。 天培度眾寡不敵，乃決以死守，出私財餉將士，率游擊麥廷章晝夜督戰。 敵入三門口，衝斷椿練，奮擊甫退，南風大作，敵船大隊圍橫檔、永安兩砲台，遂陷。 進攻虎門，自巳至酉，殺傷相當，而砲門透水不得發，敵自台後攢擊，身被數十創。 事急，以印投僕孫長慶，令去，行未遠，回顧天培已殞絕於地，廷章亦同死，砲台遂陷。 長慶縋崖出，繳印於總督，復往尋天培屍，半體焦焉，負以出。 優恤，予騎都尉兼一云騎尉世職，諡忠節，入祀昭忠祠，建立專祠。 母吳年逾八十，命地方官存問，給銀米以養餘年。 子從龍襲世職，官安徽候補同知。
When Lin Zexu was dismissed and Qishan replaced him, Qishan was bent solely on conciliation; upon reaching Guangdong he first withdrew the coastal defenses, leaving only one-third of the naval regular troops and disbanding all hired braves, yet the British demands were extravagant and no agreement could be reached for a long time, and war broke out again. In the twelfth month, British ships attacked the Shajiao battery outside Humen; Vice General Chen Liansheng was killed, the Dajiao battery then fell, and both were seized by the enemy; Humen was in grave peril. Tianpei and commanding general Li Tingyu held the Jingyuan and Weiyuan batteries respectively; they requested reinforcements, but Qishan sent only two hundred men. In the first month of the twenty-first year the enemy attacked; the garrison numbered only a few hundred; officers sent to plead for reinforcements wept in despair, but no help came. Seeing that his forces were too few to match the enemy, Tianpei resolved to die defending to the last; he paid the officers and men from his own purse and led battalion commander Mai Tingzhang in directing the battle day and night. The enemy entered Sanmenkou, broke through the piles and chains, and were driven back only after fierce fighting; then a strong south wind arose, a large enemy fleet surrounded the Hengdang and Yong'an batteries, and both fell. They pressed the attack on Humen from mid-morning to evening; casualties were roughly equal, but water seeped into the gun ports so the guns could not fire; the enemy attacked in force from behind the battery, and he received dozens of wounds. When matters grew desperate, he handed his seal to his servant Sun Changqing and ordered him to leave; Sun had not gone far when he looked back and saw Tianpei already fallen dead on the ground; Tingzhang also died, and the battery fell. Changqing lowered himself down the cliff by rope, surrendered the seal to the governor-general, then went back to search for Tianpei's body; half of it was charred, and he carried it out on his back. Exceptional posthumous honors were granted; he was awarded hereditary ranks of Commandant of Cavalry and Minor Commandant of Cloud Cavalry, posthumously titled Zhongjie, enshrined in the Shrine of Loyalty and Righteousness, and granted a dedicated shrine. His mother Wu was over eighty; local officials were ordered to inquire after her welfare and provide silver and grain to support her in her remaining years. His son Conglong inherited the hereditary rank and served as acting sub-prefect of Anhui.
13
=陳連升=陳連升，湖北鶴峰人。 由行伍從征川、楚、陝教匪，湖南、廣東逆瑤，數有功。 累擢增城營參將。 道光十九年，破英兵於官湧，擢三江協副將，調守沙角砲台。 及英艦來犯，連升率子武舉長鵬以兵六百當敵數千，發地雷扛砲斃敵數百，卒無援，歿於陣，長鵬赴水死。 敵以連升戰最猛，臠其屍。 事聞，詔嘉其父子忠孝兩全，入祀昭忠祠，並建專祠，加等依總兵例賜卹，予騎都尉世職，子展鵬襲，起鵬賜舉人。
Chen Liansheng was a native of Hefeng in Hubei. He rose from the ranks, campaigning against the sect rebels in Sichuan, Hubei, and Shaanxi and against the rebellious Yao in Hunan and Guangdong, and won distinction on several occasions. He was promoted repeatedly to colonel of the Zengcheng garrison. In the nineteenth year of Daoguang he defeated British troops at Guanyong, was promoted to vice general of the Sanjiang garrison, and was transferred to defend the Shajiao battery. When British warships attacked, Liansheng led his son Changpeng, a military licentiate, with six hundred men against several thousand enemy troops; they detonated land mines and fired great guns, killing hundreds of the enemy, but no relief came and he died on the battlefield; Changpeng drowned himself. Because Liansheng had fought most fiercely, the enemy mutilated his body. When word reached the court, an edict commended father and son for fulfilling both loyalty and filial piety; they were enshrined in the Shrine of Loyalty and Righteousness and granted a dedicated shrine; posthumous honors were awarded by the standard for commanding generals with an added grade; a hereditary rank of Commandant of Cavalry was granted, which son Zhanpeng inherited, and Qipeng was granted the rank of licentiate.
14
=祥福=祥福，瑪佳氏，滿洲正黃旗人。 由親軍累擢冠軍使。 出為湖南寶慶協副將。 從提督羅思舉平江華瑤有功。 歷綏靖、寧夏、鎮筸諸鎮總兵。 二十年，率本鎮兵援廣東。 二十一年，守烏湧砲台，與虎門同時陷，祥福死之，予騎都尉世職，祀昭忠祠。 尋詔與關天培同建專祠。 子喜瀛，襲世職。
Xiang Fu, of the Majia clan, was a Manchu of the Plain Yellow Banner. He rose from the imperial guard to be promoted repeatedly to Champion. He was sent out as vice general of the Baoqing garrison in Hunan. He followed Admiral Luo Siju in pacifying the Jianghua Yao and won distinction. He served successively as commanding general of Suijing, Ningxia, and Zhenqian. In the twentieth year he led troops from his garrison to reinforce Guangdong. In the twenty-first year he defended the Wuyong battery; it fell at the same time as Humen, and Xiang Fu was killed; he was granted a hereditary rank of Commandant of Cavalry and enshrined in the Shrine of Loyalty and Righteousness. Soon an edict ordered that a dedicated shrine be built jointly with Guan Tianpei. His son Xiying inherited the hereditary rank.
15
天培等皆以琦善不欲戰，無援，故敗，海內傷之，而福建總兵江繼芸又以顏伯燾促戰而亡。
Tianpei and the others all failed because Qishan did not wish to fight and sent no relief; the whole realm grieved for them, while Fujian commanding general Jiang Jiyun also died because Yan Bozhan pressed for battle.
16
=江繼芸=繼芸，福建平潭人。 由行伍拔補千總。 道光六年，台灣張丙之亂，戰枋樹窩、小雞籠，以擒賊功擢守備。 累遷台灣副將。 二十年，署南澳鎮總兵。 總督鄧廷楨薦其才，尋擢海壇鎮總兵，調金門鎮，從顏伯燾守廈門。 二十一年，廣東方議款，英艦遊奕閩洋。 伯燾素主戰，庀船砲備出擊，而新裁水勇未散，軍心不堅，繼芸以為言，伯燾不聽。 七月，英艦泊鼓浪嶼，集水陸師禦諸嶼口，砲毀敵舟，而敵已撲砲台登岸，陸師先潰，繼芸急赴援，中砲落海死。 護理延平協副將凌志、淮口都司王世俊同殉。 凌志，富察氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人。
Jiyun was a native of Pingtan in Fujian. He rose from the ranks to be appointed company commander. In the sixth year of Daoguang, during Zhang Bing's rebellion in Taiwan, he fought at Fangshuwo and Xiaojilong and was promoted to battalion commander for capturing rebels. He was promoted repeatedly to vice general of Taiwan. In the twentieth year he served as acting commanding general of Nan'ao. Governor-General Deng Tingzhen recommended his talent; he was soon promoted to commanding general of Haitan, transferred to the Jinmen garrison, and joined Yan Bozhan in defending Xiamen. In the twenty-first year, while Guangdong was negotiating a settlement, British warships prowled the Fujian seas. Bozhan had always favored war and prepared ships and guns for an attack, but newly dismissed naval braves had not yet dispersed and army morale was shaky; Jiyun raised the point, but Bozhan would not listen. In the seventh month British warships anchored at Gulangyu; land and naval forces were gathered to defend the island passes and cannon fire destroyed enemy vessels, but the enemy had already rushed the battery and landed; the land forces broke first; Jiyun hurried to reinforce but was struck by cannon fire, fell into the sea, and died. Acting vice general of the Yanping garrison Ling Zhi and Huai Pass commander Wang Shijun died alongside him. Ling Zhi, of the Fuca clan, was a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner.
17
=陳化成=陳化成，字蓮峰，福建同安人。 由行伍授水師把總。 嘉慶中，從提督李長庚擊蔡牽，數有功，以勇聞。 累擢烽火門參將。 總督董教增薦其久歷閩、粵水師，手擒巨盜四百八十餘人，勤勞最著，請補澎湖副將，以籍隸本省，格不行。 遷瑞安協副將。 道光元年，乃調澎湖。 歷碣石、金門兩鎮總兵。 十年，擢福建水師提督。 十二年，英吉利船駛入閩、浙、江南、山東洋面，命化成督師巡邏，以備不虞。 同安潘塗、宦潯、柏頭諸鄉素為盜藪，掩捕悉平之。
Chen Huacheng, styled Lianfeng, was a native of Tong'an in Fujian. He rose from the ranks to be appointed company commander of the naval forces. During the Jiaqing reign he followed Admiral Li Changgeng in attacking the pirate Cai Qian, won distinction on several occasions, and was known for his bravery. He was promoted repeatedly to colonel of Fenghuomen. Governor-General Dong Jiaozeng recommended him for long service in the Fujian and Guangdong naval forces, for having personally captured more than four hundred eighty major pirates, and for outstanding diligence; he requested appointment as vice general of Penghu, but because his native place was in the same province, the appointment was blocked. He was transferred to vice general of the Ruian garrison. In the first year of Daoguang he was finally transferred to Penghu. He served successively as commanding general of Jieshi and Jinmen. In the tenth year he was promoted to admiral of the Fujian naval forces. In the twelfth year British ships entered the seas off Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangnan, and Shandong; Huacheng was ordered to lead troops on patrol against the unexpected. The villages of Pantu, Huanxun, and Botou in Tong'an had long been pirate haunts; he conducted surprise raids and pacified them all.
18
二十年，英艦犯閩，化成率師船擊之於梅林洋，尋退去。 調江南提督。 江南水師素怯懦，化成選閩中親軍教練，士氣稍振。 籌備吳淞防務，修台鑄砲，沿海塘築二十六堡。 化成枕戈海上凡二年，與士卒同勞苦，風雨寒暑不避，總督裕謙、牛鑑皆倚為長城。 當定海三總兵戰歿，裕謙亦殉，化成哭之慟，謂所部曰：「武臣死於疆場，幸也。 汝曹勉之！」 吳淞口以東西砲台為犄角，化成率參將周世榮守西台，參將崔吉瑞、游擊董永清守東台，而徐州鎮王志元守小沙背，以防繞襲。
In the twentieth year British warships attacked Fujian; Huacheng led squadron ships to attack them at Meilin Bay, and they soon withdrew. He was transferred to commander-in-chief of Jiangnan. The Jiangnan naval forces had always been timid; Huacheng selected personal troops from Fujian to train them, and morale revived somewhat. He prepared the defenses of Wusong, repaired batteries and cast guns, and built twenty-six forts along the coastal embankments. Huacheng slept with his weapon at the ready on the seas for two full years, sharing hardship with his soldiers and never avoiding wind, rain, cold, or heat; Governors-General Yu Qian and Niu Jian both relied on him as their bulwark. When the three commanding generals at Dinghai were killed in battle and Yu Qian also died, Huacheng wept bitterly and told his troops, "For a military officer to die on the battlefield is a blessing. You must do your utmost!" At Wusong the eastern and western batteries formed supporting positions; Huacheng led Colonel Zhou Shirong to hold the western battery, Colonels Cui Jirui and battalion commander Dong Yongqing to hold the eastern battery, and Wang Zhiyuan of the Xuzhou garrison to hold Xiaoshabei against a flanking attack.
19
二十二年五月，敵來犯，泊外洋，以汽舟二，列木人兩舷，繞小沙背鄉西台，欲試我效力。 化成知之，不發，敵舟旋去，以水牌浮書約戰。 牛鑑方駐寶山，慮敵鋒不可當。 化成曰：「吾經歷海洋四十餘年，在砲彈中入死出生，難以數計。 今見敵勿擊，是畏敵也。 奉命討賊，有進無退。 扼險可勝，公勿怖！」 鑑乃以化成心如鐵石，士卒用命，民情固結入告，詔特嘉之。 越數日，敵艦銜尾進，化成麾旗發砲，毀敵艦三，殲斃甚眾。 鑑聞師得力，親至校場督戰，敵以桅砲注擊，毀演武廳，鑑遽退。 敵攻壞土塘，由小沙背登岸，徐州兵先奔，東台亦潰，萃攻西台，部將守備韋印福，千總錢金玉、許攀桂，外委徐大華等皆戰死。 屍積於前，化成猶掬子藥親發砲，俄中彈，噴血而殞。 砲台既失，寶山、山海相繼陷。 越八日，鄉民始負其屍出，殮於嘉定。 事聞，宣宗震悼，特詔優恤，賜銀一千兩治喪，予騎都尉兼一云騎尉世職，諡忠愍，於殉難處所及原籍並建專祠。 子廷芳，襲世職； 廷棻，賜舉人。
In the fifth month of the twenty-second year the enemy attacked, anchored in the outer seas, and sent two steam vessels with wooden figures lined along both sides to circle Xiaoshabei toward the western battery, intending to test the defenders' response. Huacheng understood the ruse and did not fire; the enemy vessels soon departed and floated a written challenge inviting battle. Niu Jian was then stationed at Baoshan and feared the enemy's momentum was unstoppable. Huacheng said, "I have spent more than forty years on the seas, passing in and out of death amid cannon fire more times than I can count. To see the enemy and not strike is to fear them. Ordered to suppress the enemy, we advance and do not retreat. Hold the strategic points and we can win—Your Excellency, do not be afraid!" Niu Jian then reported that Huacheng's resolve was like iron, the soldiers obeyed orders, and popular sentiment was firmly united; an edict specially commended him. Several days later enemy warships advanced in close succession; Huacheng waved his flag and opened fire, destroying three enemy vessels and killing a great many. When Niu Jian heard the army was gaining ground, he came in person to the drill ground to direct the battle; the enemy concentrated mast guns on him, destroyed the drill hall, and Niu Jian hurriedly withdrew. The enemy broke through the earthen embankment and landed from Xiaoshabei; the Xuzhou troops fled first, the eastern battery also collapsed, and the enemy massed against the western battery; battalion commander Wei Yinfu, company commanders Qian Jinyu and Xu Pankui, and sub-official Xu Dahua all died fighting. Corpses piled up before him, yet Huacheng still scooped powder and shot and fired the guns himself; soon he was struck by a bullet, spat blood, and fell dead. Once the battery was lost, Baoshan and Shanghai fell in succession. Eight days later the local people at last carried his body out and encoffined it at Jiading. When word reached the court, Emperor Xuanzong was deeply shaken and grieved; a special edict granted exceptional posthumous honors, one thousand taels of silver for funeral expenses, hereditary ranks of Commandant of Cavalry and Minor Commandant of Cloud Cavalry, the posthumous title Zhongmin, and dedicated shrines at the place of his death and in his native district. His son Tingfang inherited the hereditary rank; Tingfen was granted the rank of licentiate.
20
=海齡=海齡，郭洛羅氏，滿洲鑲白旗人。 由驍騎校授張家口守備。 累擢大名、正定兩鎮總兵。 以事降二等侍衛，充古城領隊大臣。 歷西安、江寧、京口副都統。 英兵既陷吳淞，由海入江，六月，犯鎮江，提督齊慎、劉承孝敗退，遂攻城，海齡率駐防兵死守二日，敵以雲梯入城屠旗、民，海齡與全家殉焉。 予騎都尉兼一云騎尉世職，諡昭節，入祀昭忠祠，並建祠鎮江，妻及次孫附祀。 當城破時，海齡禁居民不得出，常鎮道周頊棄城走，事後訐海齡妄殺良民，為眾所戕，言官亦論奏，下疆吏究勘得白，詔以闔門死難，大節無虧，仍照都統例賜卹，治頊罪如律。 子宜蘭泰，襲世職。
Hai Ling, of the Guoluoluo clan, was a Manchu of the Bordered White Banner. From the rank of brave rider he was appointed battalion commander of Zhangjiakou. He was promoted repeatedly to commanding general of Daming and Zhengding. For an offense he was demoted to second-rank imperial guardsman and appointed leading minister at Gucheng. He served successively as Deputy Commander-in-Chief at Xi'an, Jiangning, and Jingkou. After British troops captured Wusong and entered the Yangzi from the sea, in the sixth month they attacked Zhenjiang; Admirals Qi Shen and Liu Chengxiao were defeated and withdrew; the enemy then besieged the city; Hai Ling led the garrison in a death defense for two days; the enemy scaled the walls and slaughtered Bannermen and civilians; Hai Ling and his entire family died. He was granted hereditary ranks of Commandant of Cavalry and Minor Commandant of Cloud Cavalry, posthumously titled Zhaojie, enshrined in the Shrine of Loyalty and Righteousness, and given a shrine at Zhenjiang; his wife and second grandson were enshrined with him. When the city fell, Hai Ling forbade residents to leave; circuit intendant Zhou Xu abandoned the city and fled; afterward he accused Hai Ling of wantonly killing innocent people and was killed by the crowd; censorial officials also memorialized; frontier officials investigated and cleared Hai Ling's name; an edict held that because the whole household died in martyrdom, his great integrity was unblemished, posthumous honors were still granted by the standard for deputy commanders-in-chief, and Zhou Xu was punished according to law. His son Yilantai inherited the hereditary rank.
21
=葛雲飛=葛雲飛，字雨田，浙江山陰人。 道光三年武進士，授守備，隸浙江水師。 勤於緝捕，常微服巡洋，屢獲劇盜，有名。 洊擢瑞安協副將。 十一年，署定海鎮總兵，尋實授。 以父憂歸。
Ge Yunfei, styled Yutian, was a native of Shanyin in Zhejiang. A military jinshi in the third year of Daoguang, he was appointed battalion commander in the Zhejiang naval forces. Diligent in pursuit and capture, he often patrolled in disguise and repeatedly captured major pirates, winning renown. He was promoted repeatedly to vice general of the Ruian garrison. In the eleventh year he served as acting commanding general of Dinghai and soon received the permanent appointment. He returned home to observe mourning for his father.
22
二十年，英兵犯定海，總兵張朝發戰敗失守，巡撫烏爾恭額、提督祝廷彪強起雲飛墨絰從軍，總督鄧廷楨亦薦其可倚，署定海鎮。 雲飛議先守後戰，扼招寶、金雞兩山，列砲江岸，築土城，集失伍舊兵訓練，軍氣始振。 英人安突得出測量形勢，以計擒之，敵始有戒心。 雲飛乘機圖恢復，未果。 二十一年，廣東議款，以香港易定海，欽差大臣伊里布令雲飛率所部渡海收地，然後釋俘，以二鎮帥偕往。 二鎮者，壽春鎮王錫朋、處州鎮鄭國鴻也。 既而裕謙代伊里布，改議戰守，雲飛以定海三面皆山，前臨海無蔽，請於道頭築土城，竹山、曉峰嶺增砲台，而道頭南五奎山、吉祥門、毛港悉置防為犄角。 裕謙以費鉅未盡許，則請借三年廉俸興築，益忤裕謙。 尋至定海，見雲飛青布帕首、短衣草履，奔走烈日中； 又聞其巡洋捕盜傷臂，奪盜刃刺之，始服其忠勇。 迨英兵復來犯，砲擊敵艦於竹山門、東港浦，迭卻之，加提督銜。 於是雲飛屯道頭土城，錫朋、國鴻分防曉峰、竹山。 雲飛獨當敵衝，敵連檣進突，登五奎山，砲擊紅衣夷目，乃退。 次日，敵蔽山後發砲仰擊，亦隔山應之。 夜，敵乘霧至，直逼土城，砲中載藥敵船，轟殲甚眾。 越日，乃肉搏來奪曉峰嶺，分攻竹山門，錫朋、國鴻皆戰歿，縣城遂陷。 敵萃攻土城，雲飛知不可為，出敕印付營弁，率親兵二百，持刀步入敵中，轉鬥二里許，格殺無算。 至竹山麓，頭面右手被斫，猶血戰，身受四十餘創，砲洞胸背，植立崖石而死。 定海義勇徐保夜負其屍，浮舟渡海。 是役連戰六晝夜，斃敵千餘，卒以眾寡不敵，三鎮同殉。 事聞，宣宗揮淚下詔，賜金治喪，卹典依提督例，予騎都尉兼一云騎尉世職，諡壯節。 賜兩子文武舉人，以簡襲世職，官至甘肅階州知州； 以敦官守備。
In the twentieth year, when British troops attacked Dinghai, commanding general Zhang Chaofa was defeated and lost the city; Governor Wuer'e and Admiral Zhu Tingbiao forcibly recalled Yunfei from mourning to serve; Governor-General Deng Tingzhen also recommended him as reliable, and he was appointed acting commander of Dinghai. Yunfei proposed holding first and fighting later: he held Zhaobao and Jinji mountains, lined guns along the riverbank, built an earthen wall, gathered scattered old soldiers for training, and army morale revived. The Englishman An Tude came out to survey the terrain; Yunfei captured him by stratagem, and the enemy grew wary for the first time. Yunfei seized the opportunity to plan recovery, but did not succeed. In the twenty-first year, while Guangdong negotiated a settlement exchanging Hong Kong for Dinghai, Imperial Commissioner Yilibu ordered Yunfei to lead his troops across the sea to recover the territory and then release prisoners, with two commanding generals accompanying him. The two commanding generals were Wang Xipeng of Shouchun and Zheng Guohong of Chuzhou. Soon Yu Qian replaced Yilibu and shifted to debating war and defense; Yunfei, noting that Dinghai was surrounded by mountains on three sides with no cover facing the sea, requested building an earthen wall at Daotou, adding batteries at Zhushan and Xiaofeng Ridge, and posting defenses at Wuikui Mountain, Jixiang Gate, and Maogang south of Daotou as supporting positions. Yu Qian, citing the great expense, did not fully approve; Yunfei then offered to borrow against three years of his official salary to fund construction, further offending Yu Qian. Soon he arrived at Dinghai and saw Yunfei with a blue cloth wrapped around his head, wearing a short coat and straw sandals, rushing about in the blazing sun; He also heard that while patrolling and capturing pirates Yunfei had injured his arm, seized a pirate's blade and stabbed him with it, and only then came to respect his loyalty and bravery. When British troops attacked again, he fired on enemy warships at Zhushan Gate and Donggangpu and repeatedly drove them back; he was granted the rank of admiral. Thereupon Yunfei encamped at the earthen wall at Daotou, while Xipeng and Guohong separately defended Xiaofeng and Zhushan. Yunfei alone bore the brunt of the enemy assault; the enemy advanced in close succession of ships, scaled Wuikui Mountain, and were driven back after cannon fire struck a red-coated foreign officer. The next day the enemy concealed themselves behind the mountain and fired upward; he responded from across the mountain. At night the enemy came through the fog and pressed straight to the earthen wall; cannon fire struck an enemy ship loaded with powder, blasting and killing a great many. The following day they came in hand-to-hand fighting to seize Xiaofeng Ridge and divided forces to attack Zhushan Gate; Xipeng and Guohong were both killed in battle, and the county seat fell. The enemy massed against the earthen wall; Yunfei knew the situation was hopeless, handed his commission seal to camp officers, led two hundred personal troops with drawn blades into the enemy ranks, and fought for about two li, killing beyond count. At the foot of Zhushan his head, face, and right hand were hacked; he still fought on, received more than forty wounds, was pierced through chest and back by cannon fire, and died standing upright against the cliff rocks. The Dinghai volunteer Xu Bao carried his body on his back by night and crossed the sea in a small boat. In this battle they fought continuously for six days and nights and killed more than a thousand enemy soldiers, but in the end were too few to match the enemy and all three commanding generals died together. When word reached the court, Emperor Xuanzong wiped away tears and issued an edict, granted gold for funeral expenses, awarded posthumous honors by the standard for admirals, granted hereditary ranks of Commandant of Cavalry and Minor Commandant of Cloud Cavalry, and posthumously titled him Zhuangjie. Both sons were granted the ranks of civil and military licentiate; Jian inherited the hereditary rank and rose to prefect of Jiezhou in Gansu; Yidun served as battalion commander.
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雲飛兼能文，著有名將錄、制械製藥要言、水師緝捕管見、浙海險要圖說及詩文集。 事母孝，母亦知大義，喪歸，一慟而止，曰：「吾有子矣！」
Yunfei was also skilled in letters and authored Records of Famous Generals, Essentials on Making Weapons and Preparing Medicines, Naval Views on Pursuit and Capture, Illustrated Account of Strategic Points on the Zhejiang Seas, and collected poems and prose. He was filial toward his mother; his mother also understood the greater cause; when the mourning party returned, she wept once and stopped, saying, "I have a son!"
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=王錫朋=錫朋，字樵傭，順天寧河人。 以武舉授兵部差官，遷固原游擊。 從陝甘總督楊遇春徵回疆，大河拐、洋阿爾巴特、沙布都爾、渾河諸戰並有功，賜花翎，擢湖南臨武營參將。 十二年，從剿江華瑤趙金龍，賜號銳勇巴圖魯，擢寶慶協副將。 又平廣東連州瑤，功最。 擢汀州鎮總兵，以憂歸。 十八年，起授壽春鎮總兵。
Xipeng, styled Qiaoyong, was a native of Ninghe in Shuntian. As a military licentiate he was appointed a dispatch officer in the Ministry of War and transferred to battalion commander of Guyuan. He followed Shaanxi-Gansu Governor-General Yang Yuchun in campaigning in the Western Regions and won distinction at the battles of Daheguai, Yang'a'erbate, Shabuduer, and Hunhe; he was granted the peacock feather and promoted to colonel of the Linwu garrison in Hunan. In the twelfth year he took part in suppressing the Jianghua Yao leader Zhao Jinlong, was granted the title Ruiyong Batulu, and was promoted to vice general of the Baoqing garrison. He also pacified the Yao of Lianzhou in Guangdong, achieving the greatest merit. He was promoted to commanding general of Tingzhou and returned home to observe mourning. In the eighteenth year he was recalled and appointed commanding general of Shouchun.
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二十年，偕提督陳化成防吳淞，伊里布調援寧波。 尋偕葛雲飛等守定海。 敵至，錫朋初守竹山門，為諸軍應援，數獲勝。 及敵乘霧登曉峰嶺，以無巨砲不能禦，率兵奮擊，並分援竹山，所部裨弁硃匯源、呂林環、劉桂五、夏敏忠、張魁甲先後陣歿，眾且盡，錫朋手刃數人，遂遇害。 久之始得其屍，面如生，耳際有創。 巡撫劉韻珂驗實，為改殮，卹典加等，予騎都尉兼一云騎尉世職，諡剛節。 子承泗、承瀚，並賜文舉人，承泗襲世職，官山西溫州知州； 承瀚工部主事。
In the twentieth year he joined Admiral Chen Huacheng in defending Wusong; Yilibu transferred him to reinforce Ningbo. Soon he joined Ge Yunfei and others in holding Dinghai. When the enemy arrived, Xipeng first held Zhushan Gate, supporting the other armies, and won several victories. When the enemy scaled Xiaofeng Ridge through the fog and could not be repelled for lack of great guns, he led troops in a fierce counterattack and also sent detachments to reinforce Zhushan; his subordinate officers Zhu Huiyuan, Lu Linhuan, Liu Guiwu, Xia Minzhong, and Zhang Kuijia were killed in battle one after another, his force was nearly exhausted, Xipeng killed several men with his own hand, and then met his death. Only after a long time was his body recovered; his face looked as if he were still alive, with a wound near the ear. Governor Liu Yunke verified the facts, had the body re-encoffined, awarded posthumous honors with an added grade, granted hereditary ranks of Commandant of Cavalry and Minor Commandant of Cloud Cavalry, and posthumously titled him Gangjie. His sons Chengsi and Chenghan were both granted the rank of civil licentiate; Chengsi inherited the hereditary rank and served as prefect of Wenzhou in Shanxi; Chenghan served as a principal secretary in the Ministry of Works.
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=鄭國鴻=國鴻，字雪堂，湖南鳳凰廳人。 父朝桂，貴州副將。 伯父廷松，鎮筸千總，殉苗難，無子，以國鴻嗣，襲雲騎尉。 從傅鼐剿苗，授永綏屯守備，洊擢寶慶副將。
Guohong, styled Xuetang, was a native of Fenghuang in Hunan. His father Chaogui was vice general of Guizhou. His uncle Tingsong, a company commander of Zhenqian, died during the Miao troubles and had no son; Guohong was made his heir and inherited the rank of Minor Commandant of Cloud Cavalry. He followed Fu Nai in suppressing the Miao, was appointed battalion commander of the Yongshui garrison, and was promoted repeatedly to vice general of Baoqing.
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道光二十年，擢處州鎮總兵，調防鎮海，充翼長。 定海既還，移兵分守要隘。 敵艦初犯竹山門，國鴻發巨砲斷其桅，遂以竹山為分汛地。 戰連日，久雨，往來泥淖。 及敵分三路同時來撲，國鴻奮擊，槍砲皆熱不可用，短兵拒戰，而土寇導敵奪曉峰嶺，險要盡失，國鴻單騎衝陣，被數十創而殞，依總兵賜卹，予騎都尉世職，追諡忠節。 子鼎聲已歿，賜其孫鍔、銛並為舉人，鍔襲騎都尉，七品小京官； 銛襲雲騎尉。 出繼之子鼎臣，批驗大使，從軍中，揚威將軍奕經令募水勇攻敵海山港，賜花翎、四品頂戴。 三鎮死事最烈，併入昭忠祠。 定海收復，建立專祠，合祀雲飛、錫朋，並許原籍各建專祠。
In the twentieth year of Daoguang he was promoted to commanding general of Chuzhou, transferred to defend Zhenhai, and served as wing commander. Once Dinghai was recovered, he moved troops to hold strategic passes in separate detachments. When enemy warships first attacked Zhushan Gate, Guohong fired great guns and broke their masts, and thereafter made Zhushan his separate garrison post. Fighting continued for days in prolonged rain, with men trudging through mud and mire. When the enemy divided into three columns and attacked simultaneously, Guohong fought fiercely; guns and cannon grew too hot to use and he fought at close quarters; local bandits guided the enemy to seize Xiaofeng Ridge and all strategic points were lost; Guohong charged the enemy lines alone on horseback, received dozens of wounds and fell; posthumous honors were granted by the standard for commanding generals, a hereditary rank of Commandant of Cavalry was awarded, and he was posthumously titled Zhongjie. His son Dingsheng had already died; his grandsons E and Xian were both granted the rank of licentiate; E inherited the rank of Commandant of Cavalry and served as a seventh-rank junior capital official; Xian inherited the rank of Minor Commandant of Cloud Cavalry. His adopted son Dingchen, an inspection envoy, followed the army; General Yijing ordered him to recruit naval braves to attack the enemy at Haishan Harbor and granted him the peacock feather and a fourth-rank official's button. The three commanding generals died most heroically and were all enshrined in the Shrine of Loyalty and Righteousness. When Dinghai was recovered, a dedicated shrine was built jointly enshrining Yunfei and Xipeng, and permission was granted to build dedicated shrines in their native districts as well.
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當定海之初陷也，總兵張朝發戰於港口，兵敗，身受砲傷，知縣姚懷祥、典史全福皆死之。 時咎朝發不專守陸路，巡撫烏爾恭額疏劾逮治。 朝發已以傷殞，卹典不及焉。 浙中戰事以定海為最力。 後揚威將軍奕經督師，將帥多闒茸，戰事如兒戲，惟金華協副將硃貴稱忠勇。
When Dinghai first fell, commanding general Zhang Chaofa fought at the harbor, was defeated and wounded by cannon fire, and Prefect Yao Huaixiang and archivist Quan Fu both died. At the time Zhang Chaofa was blamed for not concentrating on holding the land route; Governor Wuer'e memorialized to impeach and have him arrested and tried. Chaofa had already died of his wounds, and posthumous honors were not granted. Among the battles in Zhejiang, those at Dinghai were fought with the greatest effort. Later, when General Yijing directed the army, most commanders were incompetent and the fighting was treated like child's play; only Zhu Gui, vice general of the Jinhua garrison, was praised for loyalty and bravery.
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=硃貴=貴，字黻堂，甘肅河州人。 以武生入伍，從征川、陝教匪，剿藍號賊於盧家灣。 賊渠冉學勝伏密箐中，以長矛刺傷主將，貴奪其矛而擒之，勇冠軍中。 滑縣、三才峽諸役，皆在事有功，累擢涼州守備。 道光初，從楊遇春戰回疆，擢游擊，歷陝西西安參將、署察漢托洛亥副將。 二十一年，擢浙江金華協副將。 揚威將軍奕經督師，貴率陝甘兵九百以從。 時兵多新募，惟貴所部最號勁旅。
Zhu Gui, styled Futang, was a native of Hezhou in Gansu. As a military student he entered the ranks, campaigned against the sect rebels in Sichuan and Shaanxi, and suppressed Blue Banner rebels at Lujiawan. The rebel leader Ran Xuesheng lay hidden in a dense ravine and stabbed the commanding general with a long spear; Gui seized the spear and captured him, his bravery foremost in the army. At the campaigns of Huaxian, Sancaixia, and elsewhere he won distinction on all occasions and was promoted repeatedly to battalion commander of Liangzhou. In the early Daoguang reign he followed Yang Yuchun in fighting in the Western Regions, was promoted to battalion commander, and served successively as colonel of Xi'an in Shaanxi and acting vice general of Chahantuoluohei. In the twenty-first year he was promoted to vice general of the Jinhua garrison in Zhejiang. When General Yijing directed the army, Gui led nine hundred Shaanxi-Gansu troops to follow him. At the time most troops were newly recruited; only Gui's command was considered the strongest force.
30
二十二年春，奕經規复寧波、鎮海，令貴當鎮海一路，行未至，寧波已失利，止勿進，調赴長谿嶺大營，遂屯慈谿城西大寶山。 敵乘勝以二千人自大西壩登岸，貴率所部迎擊，斃敵四百餘人。 再卻再進，自辰至申，軍中不得食，猶酣戰。 鄉勇忽亂隊，敵由山後鈔襲，增者幾倍。 又三艦自丈亭江直逼山下，長谿大營驚潰。 貴腹背被攻，怒馬斫陣，中槍馬倒，躍起奪敵矛奮鬥，傷要害，乃踣。 子武生昭南，以身障父，同時陣亡。 部下游擊黃泰，守備徐宦、陳芝蘭，浙江候補知縣顏履敬等，兵卒三百餘人，同死。 詔嘉其忠勇，依總兵例賜卹，予騎都尉世職，子廷瑞襲。 昭南予雲騎尉世職，子輶甫四歲，命及歲襲職。
In the spring of the twenty-second year Yijing planned to recover Ningbo and Zhenhai and ordered Gui to take the Zhenhai route; before he arrived Ningbo had already suffered defeat, he was ordered not to advance, was transferred to the main camp at Changxiling, and encamped at Dabaoshan west of Cixi city. The enemy, riding their victory, landed two thousand men from Daxiba; Gui led his troops to meet them and killed more than four hundred enemy soldiers. They were driven back and advanced again; from morning to afternoon the army had nothing to eat yet still fought fiercely. The local braves suddenly fell into disorder; the enemy flanked from behind the mountain and their numbers swelled several times over. Three more warships came straight down from Zhangting River toward the foot of the mountain, and the main camp at Changxi collapsed in panic. Gui was attacked from front and rear; he charged the enemy lines on a furious horse, was struck by gunfire and his horse fell; he leaped up, seized an enemy spear and fought on, was wounded in a vital spot, and collapsed. His son Zhaonan, a military student, shielded his father with his body and was killed on the battlefield at the same time. His subordinates battalion commander Huang Tai, battalion commanders Xu Huan and Chen Zhilan, acting prefect of Zhejiang Yan Lujing, and more than three hundred soldiers died alongside him. An edict commended his loyalty and bravery; posthumous honors were granted by the standard for commanding generals; a hereditary rank of Commandant of Cavalry was awarded, which son Tingrui inherited. Zhaonan was granted a hereditary rank of Minor Commandant of Cloud Cavalry; his son You was only four years old and was ordered to inherit the rank when he came of age.
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阿木穰，世襲土司，大金河千總，加副將銜、巴圖魯勇號。 哈克里，瓦寺土守備，率金川屯練赴軍，皆趫捷奮勇，戰輒爭先。 冠虎形，奕經佔有虎頭之兆，令赴前敵，從提督段永福攻寧波。 敵已為備，至則城門不閉。 阿木穰率土司兵先入，中地雷同歿。 哈克里攻奪招寶山，猱升而上，搶入威遠城。 敵艦自金雞山翦江至，用砲仰擊，遂不支而退，後亦殉難，浙人哀之。 自硃貴大寶山之戰，敵受創甚鉅，遂戒深入，慈谿縣城獲完。 士民思其功，為建祠報賽，阿木穰、哈克里亦附祀焉。
Amurang, a hereditary native official and company commander of the Dajin River, was granted the rank of vice general and the brave title Batulu. Hakeli, native battalion commander of Wasi, led Jinchuan garrison militia to the army; all were agile and fierce, always vying to be first in battle. They wore tiger shapes on their heads; Yijing had divined an omen of a tiger's head and ordered them to the front, following Admiral Duan Yongfu in attacking Ningbo. The enemy had already made preparations; when they arrived the city gates were not closed. Amurang led the native troops in first and was killed by a land mine. Hakeli attacked and seized Zhaobaoshan, climbing like monkeys and rushing into Weiyuan City. Enemy warships came slicing down the river from Jinji Mountain and fired upward with cannon; they could not hold and withdrew, and later also died; the people of Zhejiang mourned them. After Zhu Gui's battle at Dabaoshan the enemy suffered very heavy losses and then refrained from advancing deeply; Cixi county seat was preserved intact. Officials and people remembered his achievement and built a shrine in his honor; Amurang and Hakeli were also enshrined there.
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=【論】=論曰：海疆戰事起，既絀於兵械，又昧於敵情，又牽掣於和戰之無定，畏葸者敗，忠勇者亦敗。 專閫之臣，忘身殉國，義不返踵，亦各求其心之所安耳。 嗚呼，烈已！ 偏裨授命者，附著於篇。
The commentary says: When the coastal war began, they were first outmatched in arms, then ignorant of the enemy's situation, then constrained by the uncertainty of war and peace; the timid were defeated, and the loyal and brave were defeated as well. Regional commanders who forgot themselves and died for the state, who in righteousness would not turn back, each sought only what would set his heart at ease. Alas, how heroic they were! Subordinate officers who gave their lives are recorded in this chapter.