1
=黃翼升=黃翼升，字昌岐，湖南長沙人。 少孤，育於鄧氏，冒其姓，入長沙協標充隊長。 咸豐初，從征廣西，曾國籓創水師，調為哨長。 四年，從楊岳斌下岳州，敘千總。 戰於城陵磯，賊以十餘舟來誘，翼升知其詐，追至擂鼓台、荊河腦，伏賊突出，翼升駕舢板奮擊，後隊繼之，賊大敗。 轉戰至金口，值賊下游被圍，力戰卻之。 積功擢守備。 克武漢後，進攻蘄州，翼升自蒜花出戰敗賊，焚其舟，擢都司。 复蘄州，拔充營官。
=Huang Yisheng= Huang Yisheng, styled Changqi, was from Changsha in Hunan. He lost his parents young and was brought up by the Deng family, adopting their surname; he joined the Changsha garrison banner as a platoon leader. Early in Xianfeng he campaigned in Guangxi; when Zeng Guofan established the river navy, Yisheng was reassigned as a boat captain. In year four he joined Yang Yuebin's drive on Yuezhou and earned brevet rank as a company commander. At Chenglingji the rebels tried to bait him with a dozen boats; Yisheng saw through the trick and chased them to Leigutai and Jinghenao, where ambushers leaped out. He took a sampan straight at them while his rear echelon closed up, routing the enemy completely. The campaign moved to Jinkou, where downstream rebels had been trapped; he fought them off in a hard engagement. Merit piled up until he was promoted to garrison commander. Once Wuhan fell he pushed on Qizhou; Yisheng struck from Suanhua, routed the rebels, burned their fleet, and was raised to coordinator. After Qizhou was retaken he was appointed battalion commander.
2
攻湖口，毀賊船十餘艘。 衝入內湖，賊塞隘口不得退，泊姑塘，迭戰於都昌縣河、雞公湖，焚賊舟。 時水師在內湖者無大船，既與外江阻絕，曾國籓令添造，並撥江西長龍、快蟹諸船，以翼升及蕭捷三分領之，各為一軍。 五年，屢會諸軍攻湖口，未克，蕭捷三戰死，翼升大憤，衝入賊卡，盡毀下鐘岩賊船。 夜出奇兵數驚賊，賊不出，仍駐軍姑塘。
In the assault on Hukou he destroyed more than ten rebel vessels. He broke into the inner lake, but rebels corked the narrows and pinned him at Gutang; he fought again and again on the Duchang river and Jigong Lake and burned rebel shipping. The inner-lake flotilla had no heavy hulls and was sealed off from the Yangtze main channel, so Zeng Guofan ordered new builds and sent Jiangxi long-dragon and fast-crab craft; Yisheng and Xiao Jiesan each took one of the two new fleets. In year five repeated joint assaults on Hukou failed; Xiao Jiesan fell in battle. Yisheng, furious, rammed the rebel barrier and wiped out every rebel craft at Xiazhongyan. He sent night raiders again and again to jolt the rebels, who refused to sally; his force remained at Gutang.
3
六年，賊犯撫州，南昌戒嚴，翼升奉檄泊吳城鎮，衛省城。 湖口之賊尾至，結土匪窺吳城，翼升分兵由前河包鈔，自赴後河擊陸路之賊，走之。 會彭玉麟至軍，令翼升專攻陸路，敗賊於塗家埠，毀浮橋二、船百餘。 賊复冒民船來犯，翼升合軍圍擊，敗之。 追至德河口，遂會攻南康，直薄城下，火賊船，城賊遁走。
In year six rebels struck Fuzhou and Nanchang went on alert; Yisheng was ordered to Wucheng to shield the provincial seat. Hukou stragglers arrived and teamed with local bandits to probe Wucheng; Yisheng sent a detachment to envelop along the front channel while he hit the land column on the rear river and put them to flight. Peng Yulin joined the command and set Yisheng on the land front; at Tujiabu he routed the rebels and smashed two pontoon bridges and over a hundred boats. The rebels tried again in disguised civilian craft; Yisheng closed the ring and beat them back. He chased them to Dehekou, then helped storm Nankang, pressed to the walls, torched rebel shipping, and the garrison ran.
4
七年，授直隸提標左營游擊。 楊岳斌師至九江，彭玉麟與約夾攻湖口，軍分六隊，翼升率內湖右營當其衝，轉鬥而前。 砲丸冒船過，他營失利，賊逐之，翼升待其還，縱擊，斬殺過當。 賊复乘夜劫營，滅炬待之，殲賊無算，盡毀梅家洲賊船。 東岸諸軍亦斷湖口鐵鎖，遂克湖口，內外水師復合。 越日，進奪彭澤賊舟，破小孤山，擢副將。
In year seven he received appointment as mobile brigade commander of the Zhili provincial command's left battalion. Yang Yuebin's corps reached Jiujiang; Peng Yulin coordinated a pincer on Hukou in six columns, with Yisheng's Inner Lake Right Battalion taking the shock and fighting its way forward. Shot flew over the decks; sister units broke and rebels chased them. Yisheng held his fire until they doubled back, then struck and killed far out of proportion. Rebels raided again by night; he doused the lamps and ambushed them, cutting down countless men and destroying every rebel craft at Meijiazhou. Eastern-shore units cut the iron chains at Hukou; the position fell and the inner-lake and main-river fleets joined again. Next day he seized rebel shipping at Pengze and stormed Xiaogushan, earning promotion to brigade general.
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九年，池州守城賊韋志俊投誠，彭玉麟令翼升往受降，賊酋古隆賢、楊輔清等來爭，擊卻之。 旋有奸人內應，池州复陷。
In year nine Chizhou's garrison commander Wei Zhijun defected; Peng Yulin sent Yisheng to take the surrender. Rebel leaders Gu Longxian and Yang Fuqing rushed to dispute it and were beaten back. Soon insiders betrayed the city and Chizhou was lost again.
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十年，曾國籓規江南，奏設淮陽水師，薦翼升領之，即授淮陽鎮總兵。 十一年，破賊於黃盆鎮，又敗之方村。 進攻銅陵，決城東北堤，從決口入據之。 又進攻無為州，毀泥汊口、神塘河賊壘，無為、銅陵同复，賜號剛勇巴圖魯。 偕王明山循沿江郡縣，克池州，銅陵亦失而復得。 運漕鎮濱江通湖，賊踞之以通接濟。 翼升進擊，諸軍乘之，焚賊舟，賊遁銅城徬。 又偕陳湜攻東關，克之，加提督銜。
In year ten, as Zeng Guofan mapped the Jiangnan campaign, he proposed a Huaiyang river force and named Yisheng to lead it; Yisheng was at once made regional commander of Huaiyang. In year eleven he routed rebels at Huangpen and again at Fangcun. Pressing Tongling, he cut the northeast levee and poured in through the breach to seize the town. He pushed on Wuwei, smashed rebel forts at Nizhakou and Shentanghe, and retook Wuwei and Tongling together, receiving the title Gangyong Baturu. With Wang Mingshan he swept the Yangtze counties, captured Chizhou, and saw Tongling lost and won back again. Yuncao, on the river-lake junction, was held by rebels to keep their supply corridor open. Yisheng struck; allied troops followed up, burned rebel craft, and the enemy fled toward Tongcheng. With Chen Chi he stormed Dongguan, took it, and received brevet provincial commander rank.
7
同治元年，追賊入巢湖，賊聚湖口以遏歸路，翼升掘堤岸引船出，反拊賊背夾擊，大敗之，城賊遁。 進克含山、和州。 四月，會攻金柱關，李朝斌臨上游，翼升等遏下游，賊牽於水師，不暇內顧。 曾國荃襲克太平，並趨金柱關合攻。 翼升夜督隊逾壕，縱火焚西門，賊突出，揮士卒登岸短兵接，立克金柱關。 襲東梁山，一鼓下之。 移師攻蕪湖，賊棄城走。 又擊賊清水河，俘馘千計，以提督記名。
In Tongzhi year one he chased rebels into Chaohu; they clogged Hukou to cut his retreat. Yisheng breached the levee to float his boats out, hit them from behind in a pincer, and routed them; the garrison bolted. He went on to capture Hanshan and Hezhou. In the fourth month they jointly assaulted Jingzhuguan: Li Chaobin on the upper river, Yisheng on the lower. The rebels were pinned by the fleet and could not look inland. Zeng Guoquan seized Taiping by surprise and marched on Jingzhuguan for the combined assault. Yisheng led a night column over the ditch and torched the west gate; rebels poured out and he drove his men ashore in close combat, taking Jingzhuguan at once. He stormed Dongliangshan and carried it at the first rush. He turned on Wuhu; the rebels abandoned the city and ran. At Qingshuihe he struck again, taking thousands of heads and prisoners, and was marked for provincial commander.
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五月，克秣陵關、江心洲諸隘，血戰奪九洑洲，軍聲大振。 時李鴻章至上海，規蘇、常，翼升移師會剿，詔署江南水師提督，松江、上海諸水軍悉歸節制。 翼升所部十營，分二營駐浦口，四營駐揚州，親率四營，六月，抵松江，就上海增造舢板、飛劃諸船，移守青浦。 賊酋譚紹光合嘉、湖、蘇、昆諸賊圖犯上海，屢撲青浦，翼升與陸軍合擊走之。 賊繞犯北新涇大營，又走吳淞，翼升駛往，相持至夜，毀賊營七。 賊犯嘉定及青浦、張堰，分隊往援，且戰且進，至白鶴江，毀橋而還。 翼升兵少，調揚州駐營來會剿。 鴻章約合攻黃渡，翼升由趙屯橋截擊，追至三江口，盡平沿岸橋、壘。
In the fifth month he seized Muling Pass and the Jiangxinzhou forts, then in bloody fighting took Jiufuzhou, and the army's fame soared. Li Hongzhang had reached Shanghai to retake Suzhou and Changzhou; Yisheng shifted south to join him and was named acting Jiangnan naval commander, with every craft from Songjiang and Shanghai under his orders. His ten battalions split—two at Pukou, four at Yangzhou, four with him. In the sixth month he reached Songjiang, ordered more sampans and flying-scull boats built in Shanghai, and moved to hold Qingpu. Tan Shaoguang rallied rebels from Jiaxing, Huzhou, Suzhou, and Kunshan to strike Shanghai and hammered Qingpu again and again; Yisheng and the land forces beat them back together. They swung at the Beixinjing headquarters, then slipped to Wusong; Yisheng raced there, fought through the night, and burned seven rebel camps. They hit Jiading, Qingpu, and Zhangyan; he sent columns to relieve each point, fighting forward to Baihejiang, wrecked the bridge, and withdrew. Short-handed, he called up the Yangzhou garrison battalions. Hongzhang scheduled a joint strike on Huangdu; Yisheng cut them off at Zhaotun Bridge, chased them to Sanjiangkou, and flattened every bridge and redoubt along the bank.
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十月，破賊蘆墟、尤家莊、汾湖、三官塘，進距蘇州三十里。 常熟守賊駱國忠以城降，譚紹光來爭，陷福山，翼升赴援，進攻河西、白茅、徐六涇諸口。 二年正月，翼升會常勝軍克福山，駱國忠見西山火起，突圍出，圍乃解。 楊舍汛為沿江衝要，賊守之以蔽江陰，翼升沿江兜剿，迭破援賊，克之。 乃會攻江陰，迭破蠡口、陳市。 賊酋陳坤書來援，翼升扼江乾誘賊出戰，與郭松林、劉銘傳合擊，大破之。 克江陰，賜黃馬褂。 九月，由無錫進攻蘇州，詔翼升赴臨淮會剿苗沛霖，鴻章疏留勿遣。 諸軍合圍蘇州，薄城下，當齊門、閶門之間，截賊竄路，城賊乞降，予雲騎尉世職。 是年冬，再克無錫，率五營赴臨淮，苗沛霖尋走死，餘黨瓦解，翼升仍回江蘇。
In the tenth month he cleared Luxu, Youjiazhuang, Fenhu, and Sanguantang and closed to within thirty li of Suzhou. Changshu's commander Luo Guozhong surrendered the city; Tan Shaoguang contested it and seized Fushan. Yisheng hurried to help and pushed the passes at Hexi, Baimao, and Xuliujing. In the first month of year two he and the Ever-Victorious Army took Fushan; Luo Guozhong saw flames on West Mountain, broke out, and the siege lifted. Yangshe, a river choke point shielding Jiangyin, was held by rebels; Yisheng swept the shoreline, broke every relief column, and took it. He then helped besiege Jiangyin, clearing Likou and Chenshi in succession. Chen Kunshu marched to relieve; Yisheng held the bank to draw them out, then with Guo Songlin and Liu Mingchuan shattered the relief army. Jiangyin fell and he received the yellow riding jacket. In the ninth month he pushed from Wuxi on Suzhou; the court ordered him to Linhuai against Miao Peilin, but Hongzhang pleaded to keep him. Allied columns ringed Suzhou between Qimen and Changmen, sealed every escape route, and the garrison sued for peace; he received the hereditary rank of Fourth Class Cavalry Captain. That winter Wuxi fell again; he took five battalions to Linhuai; Miao Peilin soon died in flight and his bands broke up, and Yisheng returned to Jiangsu.
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三年，陳坤書犯常熟，偕郭松林等合擊，賊敗走。 遣部將王東華等助攻常州，克之，被優敘，詔授江南水師提督。 曾國籓奏：「江南額設提督一員，兼轄水陸。 翼升所授，當是新設，請敕部鑄頒新印。」 從之。 會楊岳斌督師江西，翼升接統外江水師。 江寧复，加一等輕車都尉世職。
In year three Chen Kunshu struck Changshu; with Guo Songlin and others he drove the rebels off. He detached Wang Donghua and others to help take Changzhou; the city fell; he was specially commended and appointed Jiangnan naval commander by edict. Zeng Guofan wrote: "Jiangnan already has one provincial commander over both land and river forces. Yisheng's appointment must be a new establishment; please order the ministry to cast and issue a new seal." The court agreed. When Yang Yuebin took command in Jiangxi, Yisheng assumed the main-river fleet. After Jiangning was retaken he received the hereditary rank of First Class Commandant of Light Chariots.
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四年，詔翼升赴清江浦防捻匪，至則賊已敗竄山東，進駐邳、宿之間。 會僧格林沁戰歿，捻氛益熾，犯雉河，翼升駛援，賊又走。 五年，回駐江寧。 六年，調守清江，東捻賴文光敗竄淮安，翼升督諸軍追擊，文光為道員吳毓蘭所擒。 東捻平，論功，被珍賚。 七年，西捻張總愚竄畿輔，諸軍為長圍困之，鴻章調翼升率師船入運河設防。 六月，乘伏汛入張秋口，至德州。 張總愚奔至，冒官軍喚渡，翼升部將徐道奎察其偽，轟擊之，大軍環集，總愚溺水死。 西捻平，加雲騎尉世職，合併為三等男爵。
In year four he was ordered to Qingjiangpu against the Nian; the enemy had already broken toward Shandong, so he advanced between Pi and Su. After Sengge Rinchen's death the Nian flared hotter and struck Zhihe; Yisheng sailed to help and they scattered again. In year five he returned to Jiangning. In year six he was posted to Qingjiang; eastern Nian leader Lai Wenguang broke toward Huai'an; Yisheng led the pursuit and Wenguang was taken by circuit intendant Wu Yulan. With the eastern Nian suppressed he was rewarded from the imperial treasury. In year seven western Nian Zhang Zongyu broke into the capital approaches; allied columns penned him in a long cordon; Hongzhang sent Yisheng's fleet into the Grand Canal to block him. In the sixth month he rode the summer flood through Zhangqiukou to Dezhou. Zongyu ran there disguised as government troops asking a ferry; Yisheng's officer Xu Daokui saw through it and opened fire; the main force closed the ring and Zongyu drowned. With the western Nian crushed he received another Fourth Class Cavalry Captain enfeoffment, combined into third-rank baron.
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長江水師營製定，仍以翼升為提督。 彭玉麟終制回籍，長江事宜悉付翼升主之。 十一年，詔起玉麟巡閱，劾不職將弁百餘人。 翼升以傷病請代奏乞退，詔斥馭軍不嚴，濫收候補將弁二百餘人之多，念前功，從寬免議，許其開缺回籍養疴。 光緒十五年，皇太后歸政，以翼升舊勳，予議敘，繪像紫光閣。 十八年，复授長江水師提督，入覲，賜紫禁城騎馬。 二十年，皇太后萬壽慶典，加尚書銜。 日本兵事起，翼升由岳州赴江寧籌江防，卒於軍，賜卹，諡武靖，立功地建專祠。 子宗炎，襲男爵，官廣西桂平梧鹽法道。
When the Yangtze river navy was formally organized, Yisheng remained its commander. After Peng Yulin finished mourning and went home, Yisheng took charge of all Yangtze affairs. In year eleven Peng Yulin was recalled to inspect the river service and impeached more than a hundred unfit officers. Yisheng, pleading wounds and illness, had another submit his resignation; the throne rebuked his lax discipline and hoard of more than two hundred candidate officers, but spared him for past service and let him vacate his post to recover at home. In Guangxu fifteen, when the Empress Dowager handed back rule, Yisheng's old service earned him a merit review and a portrait in the Hall of Purple Splendor. In Guangxu eighteen he was reappointed Yangtze commander, presented himself at court, and was granted riding in the Forbidden City. In Guangxu twenty, at the Empress Dowager's birthday celebration, he received brevet minister rank. When war with Japan broke out he left Yuezhou for Jiangning to organize river defense and died on duty; the court granted mourning honors, posthumous name Wujing, and a shrine at the scene of his victories. His son Zongyan inherited the barony and served as salt commissioner for Guiping and Wuzhou in Guangxi.
13
=丁義方=丁義方，湖南益陽人。 入水師，隸彭玉麟部下，積功至守備。 咸豐八年，克九江，擢都司。 十年，克建德，賜花翎。 尋建德复陷，賊數万上犯湖口，勢甚張。 義方收建德潰兵，簡精壯五百人，分佈守禦，自率水師駐西北門。 賊乘銳攻城，義方登陴躬自搏戰，會副將成發翔來援，賊引去。 曾國籓疏言義方膽識過人，部署迅速，詔超擢參將，加副將銜。 十一年，駐防小池口，賊自興國來犯，擊卻之。 馳援都昌，解其圍。 同治元年，從彭玉麟迭克沿江諸隘，擢副將。 二年，要擊都昌敗賊，毀其舟，尋解青陽圍，以總兵記名，賜號壯勇巴圖魯。 七年，授湖口鎮總兵。 光緒十九年，卒官。
=Ding Yifang= Ding Yifang was from Yiyang in Hunan. He joined the river navy under Peng Yulin and rose by merit to garrison commander. In Xianfeng eight Jiujiang fell and he was raised to coordinator. In year ten he took Jiande and received the peacock feather. Jiande was soon lost again; tens of thousands of rebels swept upriver on Hukou in great force. Yifang rallied Jiande's broken troops, picked five hundred stalwarts for the defenses, and himself held the northwest gate with the fleet. The rebels pressed the assault at full heat; Yifang fought on the ramparts himself until Deputy General Cheng Faxiang arrived and the enemy drew off. Zeng Guofan praised his nerve and quick dispositions; the court jumped him to colonel with brevet brigade-general rank. In year eleven he held Xiaochikou and beat back a rebel column from Xingguo. He raced to Duchang and lifted the siege. In Tongzhi year one he followed Peng Yulin in clearing the Yangtze forts one by one and was made brigade general. In year two he ambushed rebels at Duchang and burned their fleet, then broke the siege of Qingyang; he was marked for regional commander and named Zhuangyong Baturu. In year seven he was made regional commander of Hukou. He died in office in Guangxu nineteen.
14
=王吉=王吉，湖南衡陽人。 由馬兵累擢守備。 咸豐九年，入水師，隸彭玉麟部下。 從屯黃石磯，擊蕪湖賊，戰蟂磯、殷家匯、樅陽，皆有功，擢都司。 十一年，從克孝感，戰最力，擢游擊，賜號猛勇巴圖魯。 克德安、黃州，累擢副將。 同治元年，金柱關之戰，吉率隊蛇行而進，躍上堤埂，破賊壘，以總兵記名。 尋賊復由太平來犯，多方窺伺，吉駕飛劃入湖迎擊，又登岸馳逐。 經月餘，賊踪始淨。 援無為州，率水勇登陸，會諸軍夾擊敗賊。 破銅城徬水卡，結小划船為橋以濟陸師。 复破陶家嘴、大甲村、岷山岡賊壘。 二年，曾國籓、彭玉麟合疏薦吉勇敢誠樸，堪勝總兵之任，授狼山鎮總兵。 從克江浦、浦口，奪下關、草鞋峽、燕子磯諸隘，進拔九洑洲，以提督記名。 八年，水師凱撤，乞假修墓，乃赴狼山鎮任。 光緒七年，卒，賜卹。
=Wang Ji= Wang Ji was from Hengyang in Hunan. He rose from cavalry trooper by repeated promotion to garrison commander. In Xianfeng nine he joined the river navy under Peng Yulin. He garrisoned Huangshiji, struck Wuhu rebels, and fought at Pangji, Yinjahui, and Zongyang with distinction, earning promotion to coordinator. In year eleven he helped take Xiaogan, fought hardest of all, was made mobile brigade commander, and named Mengyong Baturu. After De'an and Huangzhou fell he rose step by step to brigade general. At Jingzhuguan in Tongzhi year one Ji led his men forward in a low crawl, vaulted the dike, smashed the rebel forts, and was marked for regional commander. Rebels soon probed again from Taiping; Ji took a flying-scull into the lake to meet them and chased them ashore. After more than a month the rebel presence was finally cleared. Sent to relieve Wuwei, he landed his sailors and, with the land columns in a pincer, routed the rebels. He smashed the Tongcheng river barrier and lashed small boats into a bridge for the land force. He went on to take rebel forts at Taojiazui, Dajiacun, and Minshangang. In year two Zeng Guofan and Peng Yulin jointly praised his courage and integrity and made him regional commander of Langshan. He helped take Jiangpu and Pukou, seized Xiaguan, Caoxiexia, Yanziji, and other forts, then Jiufuzhou, and was marked for provincial commander. In year eight, as the fleet withdrew in triumph, he took leave to tend the family graves and then reported to Langshan. He died in Guangxu seven and received mourning honors.
15
=吳家榜=吳家榜，湖南益陽人。 入水師，初隸楊岳斌營。 咸豐十年，從黃翼升破賊殷家匯，樅陽，遂歸其部下。 菱湖、銅陵、泥汊口、運漕鎮、東關諸戰，皆有功，累擢守備。 同治元年，從攻金柱關、東梁山、蕪湖，擢都司。 從黃翼升援上海，迭破賊北新涇、四江口，敗援賊於江陰，賜號敢勇巴圖魯。 領淮陽水師前營，克無錫，擢副將。 三年，江寧复，錄功，以總兵記名。 四年，追敘克宜興、荊溪、溧陽功，以提督記名。 七年，從黃翼升赴直隸防運河。 捻匪平，晉號訥恩登額巴圖魯，授瓜洲鎮總兵。 光緒二年，兼署長江水師提督。 十八年，卒，附祀彭玉麟祠。
=Wu Jiabang= Wu Jiabang was from Yiyang in Hunan. He joined the river navy, first under Yang Yuebin. In Xianfeng ten he followed Huang Yisheng at Yinjahui and Zongyang and then transferred to his command. He distinguished himself at Linghu, Tongling, Nizhakou, Yuncao, Dongguan, and other fights, rising to garrison commander. In Tongzhi year one he fought at Jingzhuguan, Dongliangshan, and Wuhu and was raised to coordinator. With Huang Yisheng he relieved Shanghai, cleared Beixinjing and Sikoujiang, and beat relief forces at Jiangyin, earning the title Ganyong Baturu. Leading the Huaiyang fleet's forward battalion, he took Wuxi and was made brigade general. When Jiangning was retaken in year three his merit was recorded and he was marked for regional commander. In year four his role in taking Yixing, Jingxi, and Liyang was belatedly recognized and he was marked for provincial commander. In year seven he followed Huang Yisheng to Zhili to guard the Grand Canal. After the Nian were suppressed his title advanced to Ne'endenge Baturu and he was made regional commander of Guazhou. In Guangxu two he also acted as Yangtze naval commander. He died in Guangxu eighteen and was enshrined alongside Peng Yulin.
16
=李成謀=李成謀，字與吾，湖南芷江人。 咸豐四年，投效水師充哨長。 從楊岳斌克湘潭、岳州，敘千總。 轉戰湖北，敗賊於倒口，拔沿江木柵，毀鹽關賊船。 克武漢，擢守備。 從克田家鎮，成謀追賊，上至武穴，下至龍坪，往來擊賊，殲斃甚眾，擢都司。 五年，從戰塘角，焚賊舟二百餘，乘風夜抵武昌城下，砲擊賊船，擢游擊。 攻金口，循北岸進拔賊壘。 又連破賊於壇角、鮎魚套，擢參將，賜號銳勇巴圖魯。
=Li Chengmou= Li Chengmou, styled Yuwu, was from Zhijiang in Hunan. In Xianfeng four he volunteered into the river navy as a boat captain. He followed Yang Yuebin at Xiangtan and Yuezhou and earned brevet rank as company commander. In Hubei he routed rebels at Daokou, tore up riverside palisades, and burned rebel craft at the salt barrier. After Wuhan fell he was promoted to garrison commander. After Tianjiazhen he chased rebels from Wuxue to Longping, killing great numbers in repeated strikes, and was raised to coordinator. In year five at Tangjiao he burned more than two hundred rebel boats, ran before the wind by night to Wuchang, shelled rebel shipping, and was made mobile brigade commander. At Jinkou he pushed along the north bank and stormed rebel forts. He cleared Tanjiao and Nianyutao in succession, was made colonel, and named Ruiyong Baturu.
17
成謀身長八尺，力能一手豎大桅，素為胡林翼所器重。 至是薦其每戰衝鋒，廉明愛士，堪勝水陸方鎮之任，詔記名，俟軍事稍閒，送部引見。
Chengmou stood eight feet tall and could raise a mainmast with one hand; Hu Linyi had long prized him. Hu now recommended him as a front-line fighter, upright and devoted to his men, fit for a dual land-and-river command; the court noted his name for presentation at the ministry when the war eased.
18
六年，扼沙口，斷賊糧道，破賊小河口、青山，燔其輜重。 轉戰蘄州、黃州、廣濟、武穴，下至九江，毀賊舟數百，獲糧械以資軍用。 武漢复，擢副將。 七年，會攻九江，追賊至湖口，前隊銳進失利，成謀突入陣中，奪回所失四艘。 尋授江蘇太湖協副將。 既克湖口，從楊岳斌順流而下，登陸克望江、東流，疾趨安慶，复銅陵，會江南水師於峽口。 紅單船方攻泥汊賊壘不能下，岳斌令成謀急棹薄壘，擲火焚其火藥庫，賊遁走，獲其糧械船艦。 胡林翼奏「肅清江面，成謀之功為最，平日事親孝」，特給二品封典。 八年，擢福建漳州鎮總兵。
In year six he held Shakou, severed rebel supply lines, smashed them at Xiaohekou and Qingshan, and burned their baggage. He fought through Qizhou, Huangzhou, Guangji, and Wuxue down to Jiujiang, destroying hundreds of rebel boats and seizing grain and arms for the army. After Wuhan was retaken he was made brigade general. In year seven at Jiujiang he chased rebels to Hukou; when the vanguard overreached and lost four boats, Chengmou plunged in and recovered them. He was soon appointed deputy commander of the Jiangsu Taihu garrison. After Hukou he followed Yang Yuebin downstream, landed to take Wangjiang and Dongliu, raced to Anqing, retook Tongling, and joined the Jiangnan fleet at Xiakou. Western gunboats could not reduce the Nizha fort; Yuebin sent Chengmou to row in fast, fire the powder magazine, and drive the rebels off, capturing their stores and shipping. Hu Linyi wrote that in clearing the river Chengmou's service stood first and that he was filial at home, and the court granted him second-rank enfeoffment privilege. In year eight he was made regional commander of Zhangzhou in Fujian.
19
十年，進攻池州，拔殷家匯，毀城外賊壘，破樅陽偽城，加提督銜。 十一年，陳玉成圍樅陽，擊卻之。 同治元年，會陸師拔巢縣、雍家鎮，薄西梁山，斷橫江鐵鎖，奪回要隘，以提督記名。 破賊於魯港、採石磯，克金柱關、蕪湖，賜黃馬褂。 三年，援湖北，破捻匪於羅田。 五年，署福建水師提督，尋實授。
In year ten he pushed on Chizhou, took Yinjahui, destroyed outworks, stormed the rebel stronghold at Zongyang, and received brevet provincial commander rank. In year eleven Chen Yucheng besieged Zongyang and was beaten back. In Tongzhi year one, with the land force, he took Chaoxian and Yongjiazhen, pressed Xiliangshan, cut the Hengjiang chains, recovered the key forts, and was marked for provincial commander. He routed rebels at Lugang and Caishiji, took Jingzhuguan and Wuhu, and received the yellow riding jacket. In year three he went to Hubei and routed Nian bandits at Luotian. In year five he acted as Fujian naval commander and soon received the substantive post.
20
時軍事漸定，整頓營製，會奏裁金門鎮總兵，改為水師副將。 裁左營游擊，移右營駐湄州，歸提標統轄。 徙前營游擊駐谾口，後營游擊駐鎦門。 變通巡哨章程。 十一年，彭玉麟整頓長江水師，罷提督黃翼升，薦成謀樸誠堪膺重任，即以代之。 光緒二年，丁母憂，奪情留任。 兩江總督曾國荃奏請江南兵輪悉歸成謀統轄。 十六年，萬壽推恩，加太子少保。 十八年，以病乞歸，尋卒。 詔嘉其在任十餘年，馭軍有法，江面乂安。 賜卹，建專祠，諡勇恪。
As the war wound down he reorganized the battalions and jointly proposed abolishing the Jinmen regional commander in favor of a deputy naval commander. The left-battalion mobile commander was cut; the right battalion moved to Meizhou under the provincial command. The forward mobile commander was posted to Hankou and the rear mobile commander to Liumen. He revised the patrol and sentry regulations. In year eleven Peng Yulin reorganized the Yangtze fleet, removed Huang Yisheng, praised Chengmou's integrity, and put him in command instead. In Guangxu two, when his mother died, he was kept on duty despite mourning. Liangjiang governor Zeng Guoquan asked that all Jiangnan steam warships fall under Chengmou. In Guangxu sixteen, at the birthday amnesty, he received Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent. In Guangxu eighteen he retired ill and soon died. The throne praised his dozen years in command, disciplined troops, and a quiet river. He received mourning honors, a dedicated shrine, and posthumous name Yongke.
21
=李朝斌=李朝斌，字質堂，湖南善化人。 由行伍隸長沙協標。 咸豐四年，曾國籓調充水師中營哨官，從楊岳斌克武昌、田家鎮各城隘，累功擢至參將。 六年，會內湖水師攻克湖口及梅家洲，從楊岳斌乘勝循下游，埽盪江面，擢副將。 八年，會攻九江，朝斌以水師登陸助戰，克之。 復從楊岳斌進攻安慶，拔樅陽、銅陵賊壘，賜號固勇巴圖魯。 十年冬，間道援南陵，回軍攻克東流。 十一年，下茯苓洲、白茅嘴賊壘，會陸軍克無為州，以總兵記名。 再复銅陵，迭克泥汊、神塘河、運漕鎮、東關，加提督銜，授湖北竹山協副將。 同治元年，擢浙江處州鎮總兵。
=Li Chaobin= Li Chaobin, styled Zhitang, was from Shanhua in Hunan. He entered service in the Changsha garrison banner. In Xianfeng four Zeng Guofan made him boat captain of the naval middle battalion; with Yang Yuebin he took Wuchang, Tianjiazhen, and other passes, rising to colonel by merit. In year six the inner-lake fleet took Hukou and Meijiazhou; he followed Yang Yuebin downstream, cleared the river, and was made brigade general. In year eight at Jiujiang he landed his sailors to help storm the city and it fell. He again followed Yang Yuebin on Anqing, stormed Zongyang and Tongling, and was named Guyong Baturu. In the winter of year ten he relieved Nanling by a side road and on the return march took Dongliu. In year eleven he took Fulingzhou and Baimaozui, helped the land army take Wuwei, and was marked for regional commander. He retook Tongling and cleared Nizha, Shentanghe, Yuncao, and Dongguan in turn, received brevet provincial commander rank, and was made deputy commander of Zhushan in Hubei. In Tongzhi year one he was made regional commander of Chuzhou in Zhejiang.
22
彭玉麟督水師會陸軍進規沿江要隘，令朝斌率所部遊奕上下游，兜剿環攻，連克金柱關、蕪湖、東梁山，以提督記名。 曾國籓奏設太湖水師，以朝斌將，令赴湖南造船募勇。 二年，成軍東下，會諸軍克江浦、浦口，連破草鞋峽、燕子磯賊屯，戰九洑洲，功最，賜黃馬褂。
Peng Yulin coordinated fleet and army against the Yangtze forts; Chaobin patrolled up- and downstream, encircled rebel positions, and took Jingzhuguan, Wuhu, and Dongliangshan in turn, earning mark for provincial commander. Zeng Guofan proposed a Taihu fleet under Chaobin and sent him to Hunan to build boats and raise troops. In year two his force marched east, helped take Jiangpu and Pukou, cleared Caoxiexia and Yanziji, and won the hardest fight at Jiufuzhou, earning the yellow riding jacket.
23
朝斌一師，原為規复江、浙而設，九洑洲既克，會黃翼升淮揚水師同援上海，由長江直下，與總兵程學啟會師夾浦，督水師百艘攻沿湖賊壘，下之，進破澹台湖賊壘； 直逼蘇州，破槃門外賊壘。 賊酋李秀成率眾七八萬奪寶帶橋，朝斌會陸師合擊，血戰挫之，賊始退。 破援賊於葉澤湖，截竄賊於覓渡橋。 會克五龍橋賊壘，分攻葑門、閶門，晝夜轟擊，李秀成先逸，餘黨以城降。 李鴻章奏捷，言朝斌迭次苦戰，謀勇兼優，予雲騎尉世職。
Chaobin's division had been raised to retake Jiangsu and Zhejiang; after Jiufuzhou he joined Huang Yisheng's Huaiyang fleet for Shanghai, ran down the Yangtze, met Cheng Xueqi at Jiapu, led a hundred boats against lakeside forts, took them, and stormed the Tantai Lake redoubt; pressed on Suzhou and smashed the forts outside Panmen. Li Xiucheng led seventy or eighty thousand men to seize Baodai Bridge; Chaobin and the land columns bloodily checked them until the rebels drew off. He routed relief forces at Yeze Lake and cut off fugitives at Midu Bridge. He took the Wulong Bridge fort, split his force against Jiangmen and Changmen, shelled day and night; Xiucheng fled first and the rest surrendered the city. Li Hongzhang reported victory, praising Chaobin's repeated hard fighting and combined courage and counsel, and granted him the hereditary rank of Fourth Class Cavalry Captain.
24
是年冬，會陸師勦賊江、浙之交，克平望鎮，又破賊九里橋，署江南提督。 三年，偕程學啟會攻嘉興，朝斌水師由官塘進，破其七壘。 湖州援賊圖竄盛澤以牽圍師，為朝斌所扼，不得逞，遂克嘉興，實授江南提督。 進規湖州，由夾浦逼長興，賊眾數万，依山築壘，楊鼎勳、劉士奇等與之相持，朝斌督水師登陸襲賊後，夾擊之，盡毀西北沿水賊壘。 乘勝克長興，复湖州，被珍賚。
That winter, with the land force on the Jiangsu-Zhejiang border, he took Pingwang and broke the enemy at Jiuli Bridge, and acted as Jiangnan commander. In year three, with Cheng Xueqi he besieged Jiaxing; Chaobin's fleet advanced up the Guantang canal and smashed seven forts. Huzhou relief tried to slip through to Shengze to distract the siege; Chaobin blocked them, Jiaxing fell, and he received substantive Jiangnan command. Pressing Huzhou from Jiapu on Changxing, he faced tens of thousands of rebels fortifying the hills; while Yang Dingxun and Liu Shiji held the front, Chaobin landed his sailors on the rear in a pincer and destroyed every northwest river fort. He followed up to take Changxing and retake Huzhou and was rewarded from the treasury.
25
五年，移駐蘇州。 軍事甫平，江、浙湖蕩盜多出沒，捕著匪卜小二誅之，轄境晏然。 八年，請設經制水師，著為成例，移駐松江。 光緒四年，兩江總督沈葆楨疏請以外洋兵輪統歸朝斌節制，允之。 十二年，以病乞歸。 二十年，卒於家，賜卹，建專祠。
In year five he moved his headquarters to Suzhou. With the war barely over, lake bandits haunted Jiangsu and Zhejiang; he seized the notorious Bu Xiao'er and executed him, and his district grew quiet. In year eight he secured a regular standing river force, set it as precedent, and moved to Songjiang. In Guangxu four, Shen Baozhen asked that foreign steam warships fall under Chaobin, and the court agreed. In Guangxu twelve he retired on grounds of illness. He died at home in Guangxu twenty; the court granted mourning honors and a dedicated shrine.
26
朝斌本姓王氏，父正儒，生子四，朝斌最幼，襁褓育於李氏。 朝斌官江南提督時，牒請歸宗，曾國籓引金史張詩事，謂：「朝斌所處相同，定例出嗣之子，亦視所繼父母有無子嗣為斷。 今若準歸宗，王氏不過於三子外又增一子，李氏竟至斬焉不祀。 參考古禮今律，朝斌應於李氏別立一宗，於王氏不通婚姻。 一以報顧復之恩，一以別族屬之義。 王氏本生父母由朝斌奉養殘年，庶為兩全之道。」 詔如議行。
Chaobin was born a Wang; his father Zhengru had four sons, and the youngest was raised from infancy by the Li family. As Jiangnan commander he petitioned to revert to the Wang surname; Zeng Guofan cited Zhang Shi's case in the Jin History: "Chaobin's situation matches the rule for an adopted son who leaves the line—it depends on whether the adoptive parents have heirs of their own. If he were allowed to revert, the Wangs would simply gain a fourth son, while the Lis would lose their sacrifices entirely. By ancient rite and current law, Chaobin should establish a separate sacrificial line for the Lis and refrain from intermarriage with the Wangs. One line to honor his foster parents' care, another to mark the boundary between the two clans. Chaobin would support his Wang birth parents in their old age, as a compromise that served both families. The court approved and carried out the proposal.
27
=江福山=江福山，湖南清泉人。 咸豐五年，應募入水師，積功敘把總。 十一年，克赤岡嶺、菱湖賊壘。 安慶復，累擢游擊。 同治元年，改隸太湖水師，從李朝斌回籍造船，領前營。 浦口、下關、草鞋峽、燕子磯、九洑洲諸戰皆有功，擢參將。 從援上海，破賊於楓涇、烏涇塘。 蘇州复，擢副將，賜號強勇巴圖魯。 三年，從攻嘉興，砲穿左臂，裹創而進，克郡城，擒賊酋，以總兵記名。 攻太湖夾浦鎮，砲斷左手指，奮擊破之。 進攻湖州久不下，郡東晟舍賊壘最堅，請以偏師往攻，使賊互救，然後大軍乘之。 福山首先躍壕而入，諸軍繼進，悉毀賊壘。 援賊大至，福山摧鋒直前，中砲洞腹，歿於陣。 事聞，詔視提督例賜卹，死事地建專祠，入祀京師昭忠祠，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡武烈。
=Jiang Fushan= Jiang Fushan was from Qingquan in Hunan. In Xianfeng five he enlisted in the river navy and rose by merit to platoon leader. In year eleven he took Chigangling and the Linghu forts. After Anqing was retaken he rose step by step to mobile brigade commander. In Tongzhi year one he joined the Taihu fleet, followed Li Chaobin home to build boats, and led the forward battalion. He distinguished himself at Pukou, Xiaguan, Caoxiexia, Yanziji, Jiufuzhou, and other fights, earning promotion to colonel. He helped relieve Shanghai and routed rebels at Fengjing and Wujingtang. After Suzhou fell he was made brigade general and named Qiangyong Baturu. In year three at Jiaxing a round pierced his left arm; he bound the wound and pressed on, took the city, captured a rebel chief, and was marked for regional commander. At Taihu's Jiapu a shell took his left finger; he fought on and took the town. Huzhou resisted for months; the Shengshe fort east of the city was the toughest. He asked for a flanking column to draw rebel relief, then let the main force strike. Fushan was first over the ditch; the rest followed and destroyed every fort. Relief arrived in force; Fushan led the charge, took a shell through the belly, and fell on the field. The court granted mourning honors at provincial-commander scale, built a shrine where he fell, enshrined him in the Capital Shrine of Loyalty, gave combined hereditary Commandant of Cavalry and Fourth Class Cavalry Captain ranks, and posthumous name Wulie.
28
=劉培元=劉培元，湖南長沙人。 咸豐初，以武生入水師，從克湘潭、岳州，敘千總。 戰金口，沉賊船，登岸縱擊，斬賊酋一人。 克嘉魚、蒲圻，擢守備。 戰田家鎮，培元率十舟窮追四十餘裡，毀賊船，擢都司。 會攻湖口，斧斷鎖筏，毀湖口賊船。 五年，回援武漢，擊賊鮎魚套，又會鮑超攻小河口，毀賊舟二百有奇。
=Liu Peiyuan= Liu Peiyuan was from Changsha in Hunan. Early in Xianfeng he joined the river navy as a military licentiate, helped take Xiangtan and Yuezhou, and earned brevet rank as company commander. At Jinkou he sank rebel craft, landed in pursuit, and beheaded a rebel chief. After Jiayu and Puqi fell he was promoted to garrison commander. At Tianjiazhen he led ten boats in a forty-li chase, destroyed rebel shipping, and was raised to coordinator. At Hukou he axed through the chained barrier and burned rebel boats. In year five he relieved Wuhan, hit rebels at Nianyutao, and with Bao Chao at Xiaohekou destroyed more than two hundred rebel boats.
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六年，改陸軍，領長字營，從劉長佑援江西。 由瀏陽攻萬載，破賊荊樹鋪、栗樹坳，駐大橋。 賊潛來襲，培元出奇兵擊之，斬級八百。 又破援賊於高城、竹埠。 克萬載，營西門外，賊數路來爭，多於官軍數倍。 培元開壁大戰，斬級千計，擢游擊。 進攻袁州，破南門嶺上賊壘，會蕭啟江破吉安臨江援賊，城賊遁走。 克袁州，以參將留湖南補用。 七年，會攻吉安，偕曾國荃迎擊援賊於三曲灘，追至硃山槽，賊援复集，夾擊破之，擢副將。 八年，水陸合攻吉安，賊結大筏衝官軍浮橋，培元督師船截擊，砲傷胸，裹創血戰，盡毀其筏。 尋克吉安，以總兵記名。 是年冬，軍中大疫，培元病，回籍。
In year six he switched to the land army, commanded the Chang Battalion, and followed Liu Changyou into Jiangxi. From Liuyang he attacked Wanzai, cleared Jingshupu and Lishu'ao, and camped at Daqiao. Rebels raided by night; Peiyuan ambushed them and took eight hundred heads. He routed relief forces at Gaocheng and Zhubu. Wanzai fell and he camped outside the west gate; rebels attacked from several directions in numbers several times the government force. Peiyuan sallied for a pitched battle and took more than a thousand heads, earning promotion to mobile brigade commander. Pressing Yuanzhou he stormed Nanmenling; when Xiao Qijiang broke Ji'an relief, the garrison ran. Yuanzhou fell and he was kept in Hunan for colonel appointment. In year seven at Ji'an he and Zeng Guoquan met relief at Sanquwan, chased them to Zhushancao, shattered a second relief wave in a pincer, and was made brigade general. In year eight at Ji'an rebels rammed the pontoon with great rafts; Peiyuan intercepted by boat, took a chest wound, bound it, and fought until every raft was destroyed. Ji'an soon fell and he was marked for regional commander. That winter plague swept the army; Peiyuan fell ill and went home.
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九年，石達開犯湖南，培元率千人扼桂陽，眾寡不敵，桂陽遂陷。 尋率師船溯資水進援寶慶，會諸軍扼河而戰，數破賊，寶慶圍解，援浙江處州鎮總兵，仍留湖南領水師。
In year nine Shi Dakai invaded Hunan; Peiyuan held Guiyang with a thousand men but was overwhelmed and the city fell. He then led boats up the Zishui to relieve Baoqing, held the river with allied forces, broke the rebels repeatedly and lifted the siege; he was named regional commander of Chuzhou in Zhejiang but stayed in Hunan with the fleet.
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十一年，左宗棠進規浙江，立衢州水師，疏薦培元熟諳水陸軍事，請以署衢州鎮，募勇三千赴浙。 同治元年，培元率安武水陸全軍駐常山，控衢州北路，進江山，破大洲賊營。 賊竄龍遊，會攻之，賊酋李侍賢大股來援，培元與諸軍合擊，賊敗走。 二年，克湯溪、龍遊，斃賊酋陳廷秀，加提督銜，賜號銳勇巴圖魯。 迭克桐廬、富陽，會攻杭州，破賊於萬松嶺，攻清泰門外觀音堂，平其壘。 城賊出戰，敗之。 舁舢板入西湖，砲擊杭城。 左宗棠以衢州後路要衝，令培元返鎮，其所部水師留攻杭州。 三年，杭州复。 培元丁母憂歸，遂不出。 光緒十七年，卒。 湖南巡撫陳寶箴疏陳培元戰績，賜卹。
In year eleven Zuo Zongtang pushed into Zhejiang and formed the Quzhou fleet; he recommended Peiyuan for land-and-river command, acting Quzhou commander, and three thousand recruits for Zhejiang. In Tongzhi year one Peiyuan's Anwu army held Changshan, blocked Quzhou's north road, advanced on Jiangshan, and smashed the Dazhou camp. Rebels slipped to Longyou; Li Shixian marched up in force; Peiyuan and allied columns beat them back. In year two Tangxi and Longyou fell, rebel chief Chen Tingxiu was killed, and he received brevet provincial commander rank and the title Ruiyong Baturu. He took Tonglu and Fuyang in turn, joined the Hangzhou assault, routed rebels at Wansongling, stormed Guanyintang outside Qingtai Gate, and leveled the forts. The garrison sallied and was beaten back. They hauled sampans into West Lake and shelled Hangzhou. Zuo sent Peiyuan back to hold Quzhou's vital rear, leaving his fleet to finish the Hangzhou assault. Hangzhou was retaken in year three. Peiyuan mourned his mother and never returned to duty. He died in Guangxu seventeen. Hunan governor Chen Baozhen cited his battles and the court granted mourning honors.
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=【論】=論曰：自湘軍水師興，而後得平寇要領。 後又設淮揚、太湖兩水師，平吳及浙西賴其力。 黃翼升、李朝斌當其任。 其後設長江水師為經制，翼升與李成謀迭相更代，為東南重鎮。 平浙東專在陸師，故水師僅有衢州一軍。 劉培元亦彭、楊舊部，戰績可稱，用並列之。
=Commentary= Commentary: Once the Hunan river navy arose, the key to suppressing the rebels was in hand. Later the Huaiyang and Taihu fleets were added; pacifying Wu and western Zhejiang depended on them. Huang Yisheng and Li Chaobin held those commands. The Yangtze navy was then made a standing force; Yisheng and Li Chengmou alternated in command as the southeast's main river power. Eastern Zhejiang was won mainly by land troops, so only the Quzhou fleet represented the navy there. Liu Peiyuan, another veteran of Peng and Yang, also earned a solid record and is listed here with them.