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列傳二百十四
Biography 214
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王懿德，字紹甫，河南祥符人。 道光三年進士，授禮部主事，再遷郎中。 出為湖北襄陽知府，擢山東兗沂曹濟道。 歷山東鹽運使、浙江按察使，調山東。 三十年，擢陝西布政使。 咸豐元年，護巡撫，奏請豁免積年民欠常平倉糧八萬餘石，擢福建巡撫。
Wang Yide, whose courtesy name was Shaofu, came from Xiangfu in Henan. He passed the jinshi examination in the third year of the Daoguang reign and was appointed a principal clerk in the Ministry of Rites before being promoted again to director. He was posted as prefect of Xiangyang in Hubei, then promoted to intendant of the Yan-Yi-Cao-Ji circuit in Shandong. He held the posts of Shandong salt transport commissioner and Zhejiang surveillance commissioner in turn before being transferred back to Shandong. In his thirtieth year of service he was promoted to provincial treasurer of Shaanxi. In the first year of Xianfeng he served as acting governor and memorialized to waive more than eighty thousand dan of grain that commoners had owed for years to the ever-normal granaries; he was then promoted to governor of Fujian.
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二年，奏言：「漢患錢乏，造幣贍國； 宋有交引、錢引、交鈔； 元、明製鈔法，或直千文、五百不等。 我朝準歲入為出，因民利而利，帑項夙充，奚庸過慮？ 自海防多事，銷費漸增，粵西軍務，河工撥款，不下千數百萬，目前已艱，善後何術？ 捐輸雖殷，僅同勺水。 督催稍迫，且礙閭閻。 與其籌畫多銀，不若改行鈔引。 歷考畿輔、山左以及關東，多用錢票，即福建各屬，銀錢番票參互行使，便於攜取，視同現金，商民亦操紙幣信用。 況天下之主，國庫之重，飭造寶鈔，尤易流轉。 惟鈔式宜簡，一兩為率，頒發籓庫，通喻四民，準完丁糧關稅，自無窒滯。 或疑庫銀溢出，悉成鈔引，銀日以少，鈔日以賤。 豈知朝廷不蓄為寶，以天下之財供天下之用，能收能發，自能左右逢源也。」 疏入，諭軍機大臣同戶部議行。 兼署閩浙總督。 三年，奏福建匪徒糾結滋擾，請寬地方官失察處分，俾獲盜自贖，允之。
In the second year he submitted a memorial that began: "The Han worried about a lack of cash and coined money to sustain the state; the Song issued jiaoyin, qianyin, and jiaochao; the Yuan and Ming established paper-note systems with denominations worth as much as one thousand or five hundred cash, among others. Our dynasty matches spending to yearly income and seeks profit only where the people profit; the treasury has long been ample—why fret needlessly? Since coastal defense grew troubled, expenditures have steadily risen; western Guangdong campaigns and river-work appropriations run to many millions, and funds are already tight—what remedy is there for the aftermath? Even generous voluntary donations are no more than a spoonful poured into a great vat. Press the levies too hard and you only harm ordinary households in lane and alley alike. Rather than scheming for ever more silver, we should switch to circulating paper notes. A survey of the capital region, Shandong, and the northeast shows widespread use of money notes; even in Fujian's subordinate districts silver, cash, and foreign bills circulate side by side, easy to carry and treated like ready money, and merchants and commoners already trust paper currency. How much more so for the sovereign of the realm and the weight of the national treasury: imperial treasure notes, once ordered struck, would circulate all the more readily. The note design should stay simple, with one tael as the standard, issued through provincial treasuries and explained to all four classes of society; allow them for land tax and customs, and circulation will not stall. Some fear that if treasury silver pours out and everything turns into notes, silver will dwindle day by day and notes depreciate. They do not understand that the court does not hoard treasure for its own sake but applies the empire's wealth to the empire's needs; able both to take in and to pay out, it can always find a way through." When the memorial arrived, the throne ordered the Grand Council and the Board of Revenue to deliberate and carry it out. He also served as acting governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang. In the third year he reported that bandits in Fujian were banding together and growing bolder, and asked that penalties on local officials for lax surveillance be eased so that capturing robbers could redeem their faults; the request was granted.
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時會匪四起，突入海澄縣劫獄戕官，又掠同安、安溪，遣兵會剿。 漳州猝為匪陷，鎮、道皆遇害。 游擊饒廷選方率兵他出，聞警回援。 近城鄉民及城中紳士密約，啟廷選入，擒匪首謝厚等，殲匪數百，復其城。 延平亦被匪攻，副將李壽春擊走之。 大田、德化有匪闌入，紳士率鄉團殺賊數百。 永春為匪所踞，游擊恩霈等會勇破賊，擒其渠，餘黨遁走，被詔嘉獎。 台灣南路亦有匪擾，懿德奏陳防剿情形，諭曰：「福建紳練素諳大義。 前同安縣義民殺賊，泉州在籍副將呂大升等自原募勇渡台，是其明驗。 務當激揚士氣，滅此群醜。」 尋以海澄、同安、廈門、安溪、仙遊相繼陷，疏請治罪，下吏議。 令參將李煌、都司顧飛熊破賊，尤溪縣城失而旋复。 水師提督施得高、金門鎮總兵孫鼎鼇擊賊於金門，破之。 廈門、仙遊皆复。 四年，上游以次定，賊首林俊尚焚斃，實授閩浙總督。
Secret-society rebels were rising on every side; they burst into Haicheng county, stormed the jail and killed officials, then raided Tong'an and Anxi, and troops were sent for a joint campaign. Zhangzhou fell suddenly to the rebels, and both the garrison commander and the circuit intendant were killed. Ranger Raotingxuan was away leading troops elsewhere; when he heard the alarm he turned back to reinforce the city. Villagers near the city and gentry inside it made a secret pact, let Raotingxuan in, seized the rebel leaders Xie Hou and others, killed several hundred bandits, and recovered the city. Yanping came under attack as well; Vice Commander Li Shouchun beat the rebels back. Bandits broke into Datian and Dehua; local gentry led militia and killed several hundred of them. Yongchun was held by rebels until Ranger En Pei and others joined local braves, routed the bandits, captured their chiefs, and drove the rest away; he received an imperial commendation. Rebels also harassed southern Taiwan; Yide reported on defense and suppression. An edict read: "The gentry and militia of Fujian have always understood what is right. Earlier, righteous men of Tong'an county killed bandits, and retired Vice Commander Lü Dasheng of Quanzhou and others volunteered to raise troops and cross to Taiwan—clear proof of their spirit. You must rouse their morale and destroy this pack of villains." Soon Haicheng, Tong'an, Xiamen, Anxi, and Xianyou fell one after another; he memorialized asking that officials be punished, and the case was sent to the judicial authorities. He ordered Participation Commander Li Huang and Battalion Commander Gu Feixiong to defeat the rebels; Youxi county town was lost but quickly retaken. Naval Commander Shidegao and Jinmen Garrison Commander Sun Ding'ao attacked the rebels at Jinmen and broke them. Xiamen and Xianyou were both recovered. In the fourth year the upper districts were pacified in turn; the rebel chief Lin Junshang died in a fire; Yide was formally appointed governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang.
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戶部議限制行鈔，奏言：「鈔之能行，不在於發而在於收。 內自部庫以及各關稅務，外則丁耗錢糧、鹽典契紙各稅，果能悉收鈔票，不限成數，且示以非鈔不用，則百姓爭相買鈔。 有銀之家，以鈔輕而易藏； 納課之氓，以率定而無損； 貿遷之商，以利運而省費。 部臣見未及此，惟恐解鈔而不解銀，故限以成數。 夫以為無用，則鈔、銀均非可食可衣； 以為有用，則鈔、銀不能畸輕畸重。 今於領鈔之時，區以一省，由部知照，方能行用。 己不自信，人豈可強？ 徒開藉端漁利之門。 請飭部臣及各省督撫，以此發即以此收，無論各項度支，示天下非鈔不用。 新收買鈔銀兩，積於部庫、籓庫，以為母金。 行鈔不分畛域，則銀日豐而本源厚。」 疏入，下部議，格不行。
When the Board of Revenue debated limiting note circulation, he memorialized: "Notes circulate not because they are issued but because they are redeemed. From the ministry treasury and every customs office inward, and from land tax, salt monopoly, deed duties, and all other levies outward, if the state would accept notes in full without quota and make clear that nothing but notes would do, the people would rush to buy them. Households that hold silver would find notes light and easy to store; taxpayers would face a fixed standard without loss; merchants would profit from easy transport and lower costs. The ministry had not seen so far; fearing that notes would be taken in but silver refused, they capped the proportion. If you call them useless, neither notes nor silver can be eaten or worn; if you call them useful, notes and silver cannot be valued unequally. Today, when notes are issued, they are confined to one province and require ministry notice before they may circulate. If the state lacks confidence in its own notes, how can the people be forced to accept them? This only opens a door for pretexts and profiteering. He asked that ministry officials and every governor-general and governor issue and redeem with the same notes, for every item of expenditure, and show the empire that nothing but notes would be accepted. The silver taels received in exchange for notes would pile up in the ministry and provincial treasuries as reserve capital. If notes circulate without regard to provincial boundaries, silver will grow more plentiful day by day and the monetary foundation will deepen." When the memorial arrived, it was sent to the ministry for deliberation and was blocked from taking effect.
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五年，因病請改京職，不許。 七年，粵匪自江西竄入境，陷光澤、汀州，尋先後克復。 遣總兵饒廷選進援浙江、江西。 八年，京察，詔以懿德攘外安內，佈置咸宜，予議敘。 粵匪復自江西竄陷浦城、松溪、政和等縣，邵武、光澤、連城亦被賊擾。 週天培軍赴援，賊復回竄江西，諸城皆复。 十年，以病乞罷。 十一年，卒，諡靖毅。
In the fifth year he asked, on grounds of illness, to be moved to a capital post; the request was denied. In the seventh year Guangdong rebels slipped in from Jiangxi, took Guangze and Tingzhou, and both places were soon recovered. He sent Major General Raotingxuan to reinforce Zhejiang and Jiangxi. In the eighth year, at the capital inspection, an edict praised Yide for repelling foreign threats and pacifying the interior, with every arrangement well judged, and ordered him considered for promotion. Guangdong rebels again broke in from Jiangxi and took Pucheng, Songxi, Zhenghe, and other counties, while Shaowu, Guangze, and Liancheng also came under attack. Zhou Tianpei's force came to reinforce; the rebels slipped back into Jiangxi, and the cities were all recovered. In the tenth year he asked to resign on grounds of illness. In the eleventh year he died and was given the posthumous title Jingyi.
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曾望顏，字瞻孔，廣東香山人。 道光二年進士，選庶吉士，授編修，遷御史。 十五年，條奏整飭科場凡十四事，皆如所請行。 遷給事中，再遷光祿寺少卿。 上以望顏遇事敢言，褒勉之，轉太常寺少卿。 十六年，擢順天府尹。 二十年，出為福建布政使。 二十三年，戶部銀庫虧帑事發，望顏嘗以御史察庫，未糾發，坐奪官分償。 旋授主事。 咸豐三年，命以五品京堂候補，補通政司參議。 六年，复授順天府尹，擢陝西巡撫。 七年，粵匪自湖北竹山擾陝西平利，望顏遣游擊常有等會湖北軍克竹山。 賊竄均州武當山，又遣總兵龍澤厚會湖北軍進剿，殲賊殆盡。 八年，粵匪入雞頭關，侵商南，遣兵擊走之。
Ceng Wangyan, whose courtesy name was Zhan Kong, came from Xiangshan in Guangdong. He passed the jinshi examination in the second year of Daoguang, entered the Hanlin Academy as a bachelor, was made a compiler, and later became a censor. In the fifteenth year he memorialized in detail fourteen measures to reform the examination system, and all were adopted as he proposed. He was promoted to supervising secretary and then to vice minister of the Court of Imperial Entertainments. Because Wangyan spoke boldly whenever matters arose, the emperor praised and encouraged him and moved him to vice minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. In the sixteenth year he was promoted to prefect of the Shuntian metropolitan district. In the twentieth year he was posted as provincial treasurer of Fujian. In the twenty-third year the deficit in the Board of Revenue silver vault came to light; Wangyan had once inspected the vault as a censor but had not exposed the fraud, and was stripped of office and ordered to pay a share of restitution. He was soon reappointed as a principal clerk. In the third year of Xianfeng he was ordered to await appointment as a fifth-rank capital official and was given the post of vice commissioner of the Court of Transmission. In the sixth year he was again made prefect of Shuntian and then promoted to governor of Shaanxi. In the seventh year Guangdong rebels from Zhushan in Hubei raided Pingli in Shaanxi; Wangyan sent Ranger Chang You and others to join Hubei forces in retaking Zhushan. The rebels fled to Wudang Mountain in Junzhou; he again sent Major General Long Zehou with Hubei troops to pursue them and nearly wiped them out. In the eighth year Guangdong rebels entered Jitou Pass and invaded Shangnan; he sent troops and drove them back.
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九年，署四川總督。 粵匪入四川，攻敘州，尋引去。 滇匪藍朝柱、李永和倡亂，與敘州土匪勾結肆擾。 望顏遣兵進攻，斬賊目李祖資等。 十年，遣提督孔廣順等攻大岩尖山賊寨，獲其渠王帶週。 滇匪攻犍為，自箭板場竄至河口，將縛筏以渡，提督皁升督兵水陸夾擊，走之。 望顏又慮賊渡河犯嘉定，遣總兵佔泰等截擊。 賊據觀音場，師自黃閣寺進攻，戰於羅城鋪，敗之。 賊竄踞貢井、天池寺諸地，為壘數十，飭佔泰等剿之。 黔匪李志高等據長阡壩諸寨，遣兵攻毀長阡壩。 總兵虎嵩林自程家場進攻貢井，又遣兵攻濯水賊，獲其渠賀世愚等。 諸路雖有斬獲，而滇匪勢日熾，藍朝柱擾青神、敘州，李永和攻嘉定，省城戒嚴。 詔斥望顏不能制賊，下吏議。
In the ninth year he served as acting governor-general of Sichuan. Guangdong rebels entered Sichuan, attacked Xuzhou, and soon withdrew. The Yunnan rebels Lan Chaozhu and Li Yonghe rose in revolt and, in league with local bandits around Xuzhou, spread havoc. Wangyan sent troops against them and beheaded the rebel chieftain Li Zuzi and others. In the tenth year he sent Regional Commander Kong Guangshun and others to storm the rebel stronghold at Dayanjian Mountain and captured its leader Wang Daizhou. Yunnan rebels attacked Qianwei, fled from Jianban chang to Hekou, and were preparing rafts to cross the river; Regional Commander Zaosheng struck them from land and water and drove them off. Wangyan also feared the rebels would cross the river and strike Jiading, and sent Major General Zhantai and others to intercept them. The rebels held Guanyin chang; government forces advanced from Huangge Temple, fought them at Luocheng pu, and defeated them. The rebels fled to Gongjing, Tianchi Temple, and other places and built dozens of stockades; he ordered Zhantai and others to suppress them. Guizhou rebels led by Li Zhigao held the stockades around Changqianba; he sent troops to attack and destroy Changqianba. Major General Hu Songlin advanced from Chengjiachang against Gongjing and also sent troops against the rebels at Zhuoshui, capturing their chiefs He Shiyu and others. Although several columns scored victories, Yunnan rebel power grew daily: Lan Chaozhu harassed Qingshen and Xuzhou, Li Yonghe attacked Jiading, and the provincial capital was placed under martial law. An edict rebuked Wangyan for failing to control the rebels and referred the case to the judicial authorities.
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給事中李培祜疏劾任性妄為，濫保浮銷，縱子乾預。 命陝甘總督樂斌偕署巡撫譚廷襄按治。 覆奏望顏尚無贓私，惟舉劾屬吏多粗率謬誤，不能約束子弟僕隸。 部議褫職，命暫留署任。 復為知府翁祖烈所訐，下將軍崇實按治，辭复連子捷魁及其僕，乃命解任，仍留四川。 十一年，命回籍。 同治元年，召詣京師，以四品京堂候補。 五年，補內閣侍讀學士。 九年，卒。
Supervising Secretary Li Peihu memorialized to impeach him for willful misconduct, reckless recommendations and padded accounts, and letting his son interfere in affairs. Governor-General Le Bin of Shaanxi and Gansu, together with Acting Governor Tan Tingxiang, were ordered to investigate. Their report found no corruption in Wangyan himself, but said his promotions and impeachments of subordinates were often careless and wrong, and he could not control his sons, younger kin, and servants. The ministry recommended stripping him of office, but he was ordered to remain temporarily in his acting post. He was impeached again by Prefect Weng Zulie; General Chongshi was sent to investigate; repeated testimony implicated his son Jiekui and his servants; he was relieved of duty but ordered to remain in Sichuan. In the eleventh year he was ordered to return home. In the first year of Tongzhi he was summoned to the capital to await appointment as a fourth-rank capital official. In the fifth year he was appointed a reader in the Grand Secretariat. In the ninth year he died.
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覺羅耆齡，字九峰，正黃旗人。 初授工部筆帖式，中式道光十七年舉人，升刑部主事，累遷郎中。 出為江西廣信知府，調南安。 歷署建昌、撫州、吉安、袁州諸府。 咸豐三年，調赴省城筦官團局。 粵匪攻南昌，耆齡佐守禦，賜花翎。 尋補贛州知府。 五年，擢吉南贛寧道。 賊竄義寧，耆齡率兵赴援。 六年，擢布政使，命駐防饒州，偕畢金科等分屯扼守。 賊三路來犯，金科乘勝追賊，而贛軍營壘被襲，城遂陷。 旋即合攻破賊，復之。 奉檄移軍南昌。 侍郎曾國籓奏：「耆齡在饒州聯絡鄉團，屏障東北。 今九江重兵已盡赴省城，耆齡宜仍駐饒州，毋庸移調。」 時江西司道多統軍，曾國籓及學政廉兆綸皆以耆齡為善，而訾議巡撫文俊。 七年，詔罷文俊，擢耆齡為巡撫。
Jueluo Qiling, whose courtesy name was Jiufeng, belonged to the Plain Yellow Banner. He began as a clerk in the Ministry of Works, passed the provincial examination in the seventeenth year of Daoguang, rose to principal clerk in the Ministry of Justice, and was promoted repeatedly to director. He was posted as prefect of Guangxin in Jiangxi and then transferred to Nan'an. He served in turn as acting prefect of Jianchang, Fuzhou, Ji'an, and Yuanzhou. In the third year of Xianfeng he was transferred to the provincial capital to run the official militia bureau. When Guangdong rebels attacked Nanchang, Qiling helped defend the city and was awarded the peacock feather. He was soon made prefect of Ganzhou. In the fifth year he was promoted to intendant of the Ji-Nan-Gan-Ning circuit. Rebels fled to Yining, and Qiling led troops to reinforce. In the sixth year he became provincial treasurer, was ordered to garrison Raozhou, and with Bi Jinke and others set up divided camps to hold the line. Rebels attacked on three fronts; Jinke pursued them in victory, but the Ganzhou camps were overrun and the city fell. They soon joined forces, defeated the rebels, and retook the city. He was ordered to move his army to Nanchang. Vice Minister Zeng Guofan wrote: "At Raozhou Qiling has rallied local militia and shielded the northeast. Now that Jiujiang's main forces have all gone to the provincial capital, Qiling should remain at Raozhou and should not be transferred." At the time many Jiangxi officials commanded troops; Zeng Guofan and Educational Commissioner Lian Zhaolun praised Qiling, while criticizing Governor Wen Jun. In the seventh year Wen Jun was dismissed by edict and Qiling was promoted to governor.
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江西郡縣半淪於賊，存者惟南昌、廣信、饒州、贛州數郡，戰事多倚湘軍。 未幾，曾國籓偕弟國荃以奔喪歸湖南。 圍吉安久不下，國荃去後，軍無所統，益疲。 耆齡奏起國荃仍督吉安軍，乃復振。 七月，劉騰鴻克瑞州。 十二月，劉長佑克臨江。 八年四月，李續賓克九江，蕭啟江、劉坤一克撫州。 八月，曾國荃克吉安。 詔起曾國籓督師規浙江，於九月至南昌。 國籓前於五年初至江西，兵餉俱困，地方官吏狎侮掣肘，事多艱阻。 至是，耆齡奉令惟謹，主客大和，軍事日有起色。 九年三月，克南安。 六月，克景德鎮。 江西全境暫告肅清。 九月，調廣東巡撫。 粵匪翟明開自南雄攻江西安遠，耆齡遣兵越境解圍。 十一年，賊自安遠敗竄平遠，入福建，陷武平，耆齡分兵收復。
Half of Jiangxi's districts had fallen to rebels; only Nanchang, Guangxin, Raozhou, and Ganzhou still held out, and the fighting depended largely on the Hunan army. Before long Zeng Guofan and his brother Guoquan went home to Hunan to mourn. The siege of Ji'an dragged on; after Guoquan left, the army lacked unified command and grew weaker. Qiling memorialized to bring Guoquan back to command the Ji'an army, and the force revived. In the seventh month Liu Tenghong took Ruizhou. In the twelfth month Liu Changyou took Linjiang. In the fourth month of the eighth year Li Xubin took Jiujiang, while Xiao Qijiang and Liu Kunyi took Fuzhou. In the eighth month Zeng Guoquan took Ji'an. An edict recalled Zeng Guofan to command operations toward Zhejiang, and he reached Nanchang in the ninth month. When Guofan had first reached Jiangxi in the fifth year, troops and funds were both strained, local officials were dismissive and obstructive, and nearly everything was difficult. By then Qiling obeyed every order scrupulously, civil and military leaders worked in harmony, and the campaign steadily improved. In the third month of the ninth year Nan'an was taken. In the sixth month Jingdezhen was taken. For the moment all of Jiangxi was declared pacified. In the ninth month he was transferred to governor of Guangdong. The Guangdong rebel Zhai Mingkai attacked Anyuan in Jiangxi from Nanxiong; Qiling sent troops across the border to lift the siege. In the eleventh year rebels fleeing defeat from Anyuan passed through Pingyuan into Fujian and took Wuping; Qiling sent detachments to recover it.
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同治元年，命督軍入福建援浙江，擢閩浙總督。 粵匪陷處州，耆齡遣總兵秦如虎等分道進攻，直偪城下。 賊竄縉雲，遂克處州，進收縉雲，再進复奉化。 二年，復進克湯溪、永康、武義、龍遊、蘭谿諸縣，及金華府城，浙東略定。 調福州將軍。 尋卒，賜卹，諡恪慎。
In the first year of Tongzhi he was ordered to lead troops into Fujian to aid Zhejiang and was made governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang. Guangdong rebels took Chuzhou; Qiling sent Major General Qin Ruhu and others along separate routes until they were at the city walls. The rebels fled to Jinyun; he then took Chuzhou, recovered Jinyun, and went on to retake Fenghua. In the second year he advanced to take Tangxi, Yongkang, Wuyi, Longyou, Lanxi, and other counties, along with Jinhua city, and eastern Zhejiang was largely pacified. He was transferred to the post of general of Fuzhou. He soon died; the court granted funeral honors and gave him the posthumous title Kejin.
13
福濟，字元修，必祿氏，滿洲鑲白旗人。 道光十三年進士，選庶吉士，授編修。 擢侍講，四遷少詹事，大考二等，復三遷兵部侍郎，兼鑲白旗蒙古副都統、總管內務府大臣。 調工部，復調吏部，兼右翼總兵。 二十八年，命偕右庶子駱秉章往河南、江蘇、山東按事。 歸德知府胡希週貪劣，鞫實，論如律。 河南賈魯河工糜費虛報，工竣河复淤，巡撫鄂順安以下皆坐譴。 蘇州知府鍾殿選等濫刑諱盜，鞫實，論如律。 又按山東鹽運使韋德成訐巡撫崇恩，勒令開缺，請交刑部逮治。 復調戶部。 二十九年，授正白旗護軍統領。 命偕刑部侍郎陳孚恩按山西巡撫王兆琛贓污，兆琛坐譴。 三十年，轉左翼總兵。 醫士薛執中坐妖言得罪，事牽福濟，奪官。 尋予四品頂戴，署山西按察使，授山東按察使。 咸豐二年，授奉天府尹，擢南河河道總督。 三年，調漕運總督，命暫行督辦淮北鹽務。
Fu Ji, whose courtesy name was Yuanxiu and who belonged to the Bilu clan, was a Manchu of the Bordered White Banner. He passed the jinshi examination in the thirteenth year of Daoguang, entered the Hanlin Academy as a bachelor, and was made a compiler. He rose to lecturer, was promoted four times to junior guardian of the heir apparent, scored second grade in the great examination, then rose three more times to vice minister of war, while also serving as Mongol vice commander of the Bordered White Banner and superintendent of the Imperial Household Department. He was moved to the Ministry of Works, then to the Ministry of Personnel, and also served as commander of the Right Wing. In the twenty-eighth year he was ordered to accompany Right Sub-Reader Luo Bingzhang to investigate affairs in Henan, Jiangsu, and Shandong. Guide Prefect Hu Xizhou was found greedy and corrupt; the facts were proved at trial and he was sentenced under the law. The Jialu River project in Henan wasted money through false reporting; when the work was finished the river silted up again, and Governor E Shun'an and his subordinates were all punished. Suzhou Prefect Zhong Dianxuan and others had abused punishments and concealed banditry; the facts were proved and they were sentenced under the law. He also investigated Shandong Salt Transport Commissioner Wei Decheng for impeaching Governor Chong'en; Wei was forced to vacate his post and was referred to the Ministry of Justice for arrest. He was transferred again to the Ministry of Revenue. In the twenty-ninth year he was appointed commander of the Plain White Banner guards. He was ordered to join Vice Minister Chen Fu'en in investigating Shanxi Governor Wang Zhaochen for corruption; Wang was punished. In the thirtieth year he became commander of the Left Wing. Physician Xue Zhizhong was convicted of spreading heterodox talk; the case implicated Fu Ji, who lost his office. He soon received fourth-rank insignia, served as acting surveillance commissioner of Shanxi, and was appointed surveillance commissioner of Shandong. In the second year of Xianfeng he became prefect of Fengtian and was promoted to director-general of the Southern Rivers. In the third year he was made director-general of grain transport and temporarily ordered to supervise Huaibei salt administration.
14
時粵匪踞江寧，擾江北，福濟會琦善敗賊揚州，授安徽巡撫。 福濟調漕河標兵六百自臨淮關赴廬州，疏請飭琦善撥精兵二千扼關山、澗溪，防賊北竄； 又請仍兼督淮北鹽課，藉濟安徽軍餉：皆允之。 四年，至廬州，土匪陷六安，下部議處。 福濟奏言：「抵廬後，統計調兵約二萬餘，月餉不下十五六萬。 請飭浙、魯、秦、晉各撫臣協濟。」 復請以前江南河道總督潘錫恩、安徽學政孫銘恩會辦徽州、寧國、廣德三府州防剿，俱從之。 提督和春以欽差大臣督辦軍務，福濟與會師克六安，收英山、霍山。 五年十月，克廬州，加太子少保、頭品頂戴。 於是廬江、巢縣、無為相繼克復，被優敘，賜御用棉袍、翎管、搬指、荷包。 十一月，移軍桐城。
Guangdong rebels then held Jiangning and raided north of the Yangtze; Fu Ji joined Qishan in defeating them at Yangzhou and was appointed governor of Anhui. Fu Ji moved six hundred grain-transport banner troops from Linhuai Pass to Luzhou and asked that Qishan send two thousand elite troops to hold Guanshan and Jianxi and block a northern rebel breakout; he also asked to keep supervising Huaibei salt revenue to fund the Anhui army—all were approved. In the fourth year he reached Luzhou; local bandits took Lu'an, and the case was sent to the ministry for disciplinary action. Fu Ji wrote: "After reaching Luzhou I found mobilized troops numbering about twenty thousand, with monthly pay of no less than 150,000 to 160,000 taels. I ask that the governors of Zhejiang, Shandong, Shaanxi, and Shanxi be ordered to contribute funds." He also asked that former Jiangnan Rivers Director Pan Xi'en and Anhui Educational Commissioner Sun Ming'en jointly handle defense in Huizhou, Ningguo, and Guangde—all were approved. Regional Commander He Chun served as imperial commissioner over military affairs; Fu Ji joined the combined force to take Lu'an and recover Yingshan and Huoshan. In the tenth month of the fifth year Luzhou was taken; he received the title Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent and first-rank insignia. Lujiang, Chaoxian, and Wuwei were then recovered in turn; he was specially commended and given an imperial cotton robe, feather tube, thumb ring, and pouch. In the eleventh month he shifted his forces to Tongcheng.
15
七年，無為、廬州附近各縣復為賊陷，桐城被圍，屢擊卻之。 二月，賊大至，福濟率兵潰圍出，還駐廬州。 詔斥調度無方，下部議處。 未幾，六安复陷，福濟因病請開巡撫缺，專辦軍務，不許。 時安徽本省無兵，軍務實主於和春。 賊踞安慶，皖南數郡懸隔，遙轄於浙江。 淮北捻匪蔓延，袁甲三任之，巡撫號令所及，僅十餘縣。 兵後荒蕪，賦稅無出，餉絀兵譁，遺失巡撫關防，自請嚴議，上原之，薄譴而已。 會江南大營潰，和春移赴督師，惟總兵秦定三、鄭魁士兩軍仍留，倚以戰守。 粵匪大股由湖北入皖，捻匪縱橫於皖、豫之交，省爭調定三、魁士二人。 奏上，皆報可，福濟依違無可否。 定三久攻桐城未下，魁士亦奉命而至，兩軍爭餉生嫌，賊乘隙撲營，遂致大潰。 八年，滁州、來安、鳳陽、懷遠相繼失陷。 福濟以病乞假，詔斥日久無功，褫宮銜、頭品頂戴，命來京。 尋授內閣學士，予副都統銜，充西寧辦事大臣。 九年，以安插投誠野番功，還頭品頂戴。 十年，授工部侍郎，署陝甘總督，兼正黃旗漢軍都統。 十一年，授成都將軍，調雲貴總督。 文宗崩，福濟奏請謁梓宮，不許，詔斥規避滇、黔軍務，褫職，予四品頂戴，仍赴雲南，交署總督潘鐸差遣。
In the seventh year Wuwei and nearby counties fell again; Tongcheng was besieged but repeatedly beat the attackers back. In the second month a large rebel force arrived; Fu Ji broke out of the encirclement and withdrew to Luzhou. An edict rebuked his poor command and referred the case to the ministry for discipline. Soon Lu'an fell again; Fu Ji, citing illness, asked to give up the governorship and focus on military affairs alone—the request was denied. Anhui itself had no provincial troops at the time; military affairs were really run by He Chun. Rebels held Anqing; several southern Anhui districts were cut off and governed remotely from Zhejiang. Nian rebels spread across northern Huai under Yuan Jiasan, while the governor's authority reached only a dozen counties. After the fighting the land lay waste, taxes could not be collected, pay ran short and troops mutinied, and he lost the governor's seal; he asked for severe punishment, but the emperor excused him with only a light rebuke. When the Jiangnan great camp collapsed, He Chun left to command in the field; only the forces of Major Generals Qin Dingsan and Zheng Kuishi remained for defense. Large Guangdong rebel columns entered Anhui from Hubei while Nian rebels ranged along the Anhui-Henan border; the province fought over transferring Dingsan and Kuishi. The memorials were approved, but Fu Ji wavered without saying yes or no. Dingsan had long failed to take Tongcheng; Kuishi arrived as ordered; the two armies quarreled over pay; rebels seized the chance to storm the camps and caused a great rout. In the eighth year Chuzhou, Lai'an, Fengyang, and Huaiyuan fell one after another. Fu Ji asked for sick leave; an edict rebuked his long failure, stripped his palace rank and first-rank insignia, and ordered him to Beijing. He was soon made a grand secretary, given vice commander rank, and appointed minister for Xining affairs. In the ninth year his first-rank insignia was restored for settling surrendered tribal groups. In the tenth year he became vice minister of works, acted as governor-general of Shaanxi and Gansu, and also commanded the Hanjun of the Plain Yellow Banner. In the eleventh year he was made general of Chengdu and transferred to governor-general of Yunnan and Guizhou. When Emperor Wenzong died, Fu Ji asked to attend the coffin; the request was denied; an edict accused him of evading Yunnan-Guizhou military duties, stripped his office, gave him fourth-rank insignia, and still sent him to Yunnan under Acting Governor Pan Duo.
16
同治元年，予副都統銜赴西藏查辦事件，道梗未往。 四年，還京。 六年，授科布多幫辦大臣，調布倫託海辦事大臣。 八年，授烏里雅蘇台將軍。 九年，回匪陷烏里雅蘇台，褫職。 十二年，捐銀助賑。 直隸總督李鴻章為陳在安徽前勞，還原銜。 光緒元年，卒，依巡撫例賜卹。
In the first year of Tongzhi he was given vice commander rank to investigate affairs in Tibet, but the route was blocked and he never went. In the fourth year he went back to the capital. In the sixth year he became assistant minister at Kobdo and was transferred to minister at Buluntuohai. In the eighth year he was made general at Uliastai. In the ninth year Hui rebels took Uliastai and he was stripped of office. In the twelfth year he donated silver for famine relief. Zhili Governor-General Li Hongzhang cited his earlier service in Anhui, and his original rank was restored. In the first year of Guangxu he died and received funeral honors according to the governor precedent.
17
翁同書，字藥房，江蘇常熟人，大學士心存子。 道光二十年進士，選庶吉士，授編修。 大考屢列二等，擢中允。 咸豐元年，應詔陳四事：請撫卹失業良民； 察舉潔己愛民守令； 興修江、浙、湖廣水利； 訓練嶺海水師。 三年，命赴江南佐欽差大臣琦善軍事。 擢侍講學士，轉侍讀學士，遷少詹事。 六年，自軍中奏言：「安民先足兵，足兵先理財。 雲南運銅道梗，請於滇中設局鼓鑄，運錢至荊州充軍需及河工之用。 沿江戒嚴，淮南鹽引不行，請以浙鹽行江西，而以蘇、常、鎮、太四府州改食淮鹽。 江、浙漕米改由海運，數不及全漕之半，請分米僱民船仍由運河行轉搬之法。 馬政廢弛，請令營馬量減數成，牧馬除借營用，令變價解庫。 各省營兵應調赴戰，請飭將傷病撤回。 空糧缺伍，實力整頓。 軍興各省州縣倉穀或遭蹂躪，或備供億，實存綦少，請令地方官勸富民納粟入倉，量予獎勵。」 又疏陳江防五事，曰：扼要津，聯陸路，斷岸姦，議火攻，增小船，並下部議行。 琦善卒，托明阿為欽差大臣，同書仍留佐軍事。 粵匪再陷揚州，托明阿坐罷，德興阿代之，詔同書幫辦軍務。 德興阿連复揚州、浦口，進規瓜洲、鎮江，軍事日有起色，多出同書贊畫。 克瓜洲，命以侍郎候補，賜黃馬褂。
Weng Tongshu, whose courtesy name was Yaofang, came from Changshu in Jiangsu and was the son of Grand Secretary Xincun. He passed the jinshi examination in the twentieth year of Daoguang, entered the Hanlin Academy as a bachelor, and was made a compiler. He repeatedly scored second grade in the great examinations and was promoted to palace aide. In the first year of Xianfeng, answering an imperial edict, he presented four proposals: relief for unemployed common people; investigation and recommendation of incorrupt, people-loving local officials; repair of waterworks in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Huguang; training of the Lingnan coastal navy. In the third year he was sent to Jiangnan to assist Imperial Commissioner Qishan in military affairs. He rose to expositor of the Hanlin Academy, became a reader there, and was appointed junior guardian of the heir apparent. In the sixth year he wrote from camp: "To pacify the people you must first have enough troops; to have enough troops you must first manage finances. With the Yunnan copper route blocked, he asked to set up mints in Yunnan and ship coin to Jingzhou for army supplies and river works. With river defenses on alert and Huainan salt certificates stalled, he proposed sending Zhejiang salt to Jiangxi and switching Suzhou, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, and Taicang to Huai salt. Jiangsu and Zhejiang tribute grain now went by sea, less than half the old canal volume; he asked to split shipments and hire civilian boats to continue canal relay transport. Horse administration had decayed; he asked to cut camp horses by several tenths and sell surplus pasture horses into the treasury. Provincial garrison troops should fight where needed; he asked that the wounded and sick be sent home. Phantom rations and empty ranks should be cleaned up in earnest. In wartime, county granaries were either looted or drained for supplies, leaving almost nothing; he asked local officials to urge wealthy households to donate grain to granaries with suitable rewards." He also proposed five river-defense measures—hold key crossings, link land routes, cut shore traitors, use fire attack, and add small boats—and all were sent to the ministry. After Qishan died, Tuoming'a became imperial commissioner, and Tongshu stayed on to assist in military affairs. Guangdong rebels took Yangzhou again; Tuoming'a was dismissed; Dexing'a replaced him; Tongshu was ordered to help manage military affairs. Dexing'a retook Yangzhou and Pukou, pressed toward Guazhou and Zhenjiang, and the campaign steadily improved—largely thanks to Tongshu's planning. After Guazhou fell, he was ordered to await appointment as vice minister and given the yellow riding jacket.
18
八年六月，授安徽巡撫。 時廬州再陷，粵匪、捻匪相勾結，淮南北蹂躪殆遍。 上命同書幫辦欽差大臣勝保軍務，安徽境各軍均歸節制。 同書移軍定遠，賊自天長犯三河集，擊破之，复天長。 捻匪擾定遠，粵匪亦來犯，同書督兵擊卻之。 九年，捻匪大舉陷六安，攻定遠，同書與勝保夾擊，大破之，复六安。 捻匪復合粵匪數万人來犯，定遠陷，同書移軍壽州，下吏議，革職留任。 同書奏：「近來可用之兵，莫如楚師。 諜聞楚師順江而下，已破石牌。 倘別遣勁旅間道急趨英、霍，徐圖懷、定，此上策也。 如楚師轉戰未能深入，用苗沛霖輔以官軍，先拔懷遠，此中策也。 若二者皆不能行，則以勝保攻明光，李世忠逾清流關以保東路，臣守壽州，與傅振邦、關保相應援，制孫葵心、劉添福二巨捻以保西路，此下策也。」 葵心攻潁州，同書遣兵擊之，敗走，复霍山。 十年，遣兵攻爐橋，焚賊壘，進擊舒城援賊，破王家海賊圩。 勝保議招葵心，上諮同書，同書言師方攻程家圩賊巢，不必曲意招撫。 俄拔程家圩。
In the sixth month of the eighth year he became governor of Anhui. Luzhou had fallen again; Guangdong and Nian rebels were in league, and both sides of the Huai were nearly ruined. The emperor ordered Tongshu to assist Imperial Commissioner Sheng Bao; all Anhui forces were placed under his command. Tongshu moved to Dingyuan; rebels from Tianchang attacked Sanheji; he defeated them and retook Tianchang. Nian rebels harassed Dingyuan and Guangdong rebels attacked as well; Tongshu led troops and beat them back. In the ninth year a large Nian force took Lu'an and attacked Dingyuan; Tongshu and Sheng Bao struck from both sides, routed them, and retook Lu'an. Nian rebels joined tens of thousands of Guangdong rebels; Dingyuan fell; Tongshu withdrew to Shouzhou; the case went to the judiciary; he was stripped of rank but kept in office. Tongshu wrote: "Of the forces available today, none match the Hunan army. Intelligence says the Hunan army is coming downriver and has already taken Shipai. If we send another strong column by a side route to rush to Ying and Huo and then work toward Huaiyuan and Dingyuan, that is the best plan. If the Hunan army cannot push deep in its campaign, use Miao Peilin with government troops to take Huaiyuan first—that is the middle plan. If neither works, let Sheng Bao attack Mingguang, Li Shizhong cross Qingliu Pass to hold the east, I hold Shouzhou with Fu Zhenbang and Guan Bao in support, and contain the great Nian leaders Sun Kuixin and Liu Tianfu in the west—that is the worst plan." When Kuixin attacked Yingzhou, Tongshu sent troops, routed him, and recovered Huoshan. In the tenth year he sent troops to attack Luqiao, burned rebel camps, struck Shucheng relief forces, and destroyed the rebel fort at Wangjiahai. Sheng Bao wanted to recruit Kuixin; the emperor asked Tongshu, who said the army was attacking the rebel nest at Chengjiayu and there was no need to appease him. Soon Chengjiayu fell.
19
英法聯軍犯京師，勝保請召苗沛霖練勇入援，命同書傳旨； 同書亦自請開巡撫缺，率之同行：尋並諭止之。 粵匪陳玉成攻壽州，同書力禦，尋退。 苗沛霖本懷反側，見時方多故，益猖恣，因與壽州團練徐立壯、孫家泰等有嫌，會其所部數人為立壯所殺，遂圍攻壽州。 同書密疏陳沛霖跋扈，詔飭會袁甲三查辦。 沛霖抗不聽命，圍攻益急，縱兵四擾。 立壯所部多舊捻，素騷擾為民怨，十一年，坐其通捻，殺之。 又下孫家泰於獄，家泰自殺。 以蒙時中付沛霖，沛霖仍不息兵。 召同書還京，以賈臻代署巡撫。 同書令署布政使張學鵬勸諭沛霖，始撤圍。 奏言：「沛霖過猶知改，請量加撫慰，責剿捻贖罪，俾袁甲三、賈臻籌辦善後事宜。」
When the Anglo-French allies attacked the capital, Sheng Bao asked to summon Miao Peilin's militia; Tongshu was ordered to convey the edict; Tongshu also asked to give up the governorship and lead them north—soon both requests were denied. Chen Yucheng attacked Shouzhou; Tongshu held firm and the rebels soon withdrew. Miao Peilin had always been unreliable; troubled times made him bolder; he feuded with Shouzhou militia leaders Xu Lizhuang and Sun Jiatai; after Lizhuang killed several of his men, he besieged Shouzhou. Tongshu secretly reported Peilin's arrogance; an edict ordered Yuan Jiasan to investigate jointly. Peilin defied orders, tightened the siege, and let his troops raid everywhere. Lizhuang's men were mostly old Nian rebels who had long harassed the people; in the eleventh year he was executed for colluding with the Nian. Sun Jiatai was also jailed and committed suicide. Meng Shizhong was handed to Peilin, but Peilin still would not stop fighting. Tongshu was recalled to Beijing; Jia Zhen served as acting governor. Tongshu had Acting Provincial Treasurer Zhang Xuepeng persuade Peilin, and the siege was finally lifted. He wrote: "Peilin still shows he can reform; please console him appropriately, charge him to fight the Nian to atone, and let Yuan Jiasan and Jia Zhen handle the aftermath." .
20
同治元年，曾國籓奏劾同書於定遠失守時棄城走壽州，復不能妥辦，致紳練有仇殺之事。 迨壽州城陷，奏報情形前後矛盾，命褫職逮問。 王大臣會鞫，擬大辟。 父心存病篤，暫釋侍湯藥。 心存卒，復命持服百日仍入獄。 二年，改戍新疆。 三年，都興阿請留甘肅軍營效力，以花馬池戰捷，獲賊渠孫義保，賜四品頂戴。 尋卒，復原官，贈右都御史，諡文勤。
In the first year of Tongzhi Zeng Guofan impeached Tongshu for fleeing Dingyuan to Shouzhou when the city fell, then mishandling affairs so that gentry militia turned on one another. When Shouzhou fell, his reports contradicted one another; he was stripped of office and arrested. Princes and ministers tried him jointly and recommended execution. His father Xincun was dying; he was temporarily released to nurse him. After Xincun died, he was ordered to mourn a hundred days and then return to prison. In the second year he was sentenced to exile in Xinjiang. In the third year Duxing'a asked him to serve in the Gansu army; after victory at Huamachi he captured rebel chief Sun Yibao and received fourth-rank insignia. He soon died; his rank was restored posthumously; he was given Right Censor-in-Chief and the posthumous title Wenqin.
21
嚴樹森，初名澍森，字渭春，四川新繁人，原籍陝西渭南。 道光二十年舉人，入貲為內閣中書。 改知縣，銓授湖北東湖，捐升同知。 以防剿功，晉秩知府，署武昌府。 巡撫胡林翼薦之，八年，擢荊宜施道，遷按察使。 十年，遷布政使，擢河南巡撫。
Yan Shusen, originally named Shusen and courtesy name Weichun, came from Xinfan in Sichuan though his ancestral home was Weinan in Shaanxi. He passed the provincial examination in the twentieth year of Daoguang and bought appointment as a Grand Secretariat secretary. He became a magistrate, was assigned to Donghu in Hubei, and purchased promotion to subprefect. For defense and suppression work he was promoted to prefect and served as acting prefect of Wuchang. Governor Hu Linyi recommended him; in the eighth year he became intendant of Jing-Yi-Shi and then surveillance commissioner. In the tenth year he became provincial treasurer and was promoted to governor of Henan.
22
時皖捻縱橫於河南境內，又有汝寧土匪陳大喜、金樓教匪郜永清皆猖獗。 十一年正月，捻匪姜台凌自歸德犯省城，援軍集，遂南趨陷唐縣，攻南陽府城，圍鄧州、裕州，三月，始回巢。 孫葵心犯光州、陳州，亦至三月始出境。 苗沛霖黨勾結陳大喜等擾陳州、汝寧邊境。 五月，雷彥等圍鹿邑，經月始回巢。 七月，劉狗大股分黑、白、花三旗擾歸德，結金樓教匪攻馬牧寨。 樹森出駐陳州督剿。 八月，劉狗竄硃仙鎮，犯省城。 樹森率兵回援，賊竄汜水、鞏縣，掠黑石關，回竄鄭州，仍由歸德回巢。 姜台凌亦犯沈丘、裕州，越樊城，復入荊子關，擾南、汝兩郡，由柘城、鹿邑回巢。 十月，劉狗復大舉援金樓寨，為官軍所阻，未得逞。 時苗沛霖复叛，結張洛行，與汝寧、正陽、息縣諸匪連絡，將犯河南。 樹森偕團練大臣毛昶熙合疏請調宜昌鎮總兵李續燾及鮑超部將陳由立，各募楚勇三千赴豫，又調吉林馬隊一千，以資防剿，請增兵之後，山西、陝西月協銀各二萬兩，允之。 樹森老於吏事，在湖北從胡林翼治兵久，堅愎自是，與毛昶熙不合，事相掣肘。 治河南年餘，禦賊雖有擒斬，軍事不得要領，迄無起色，調湖北巡撫。
Anhui Nian rebels ranged across Henan, while Runing bandit Chen Daxi and Jinlou sect rebel Gao Yongqing were also rampant. In the first month of the eleventh year Nian leader Jiang Tailing attacked the capital from Guide; when reinforcements arrived he turned south, took Tang county, attacked Nanyang, besieged Dengzhou and Yuzhou, and did not return to his base until the third month. Sun Kuixin raided Guangzhou and Chenzhou and likewise did not withdraw until the third month. Miao Peilin's faction joined Chen Daxi and others in harassing the Chenzhou and Runing border. In the fifth month Lei Yan besieged Luyi and withdrew only after a month. In the seventh month Liu Gou's main force split into black, white, and flower banners, raided Guide, and joined Jinlou rebels to attack Mamu stockade. Shusen moved to Chenzhou to direct suppression. In the eighth month Liu Gou reached Zhuxian and attacked the provincial capital. Shusen rushed back with troops; the rebels fled through Qishui and Gong, raided Heishi Pass, doubled back through Zhengzhou, and returned to base by Guide. Jiang Tailing also struck Shenqiu and Yuzhou, crossed Fancheng, re-entered Jingzi Pass, raided the Nan and Ru districts, and withdrew through Zhecheng and Luyi. In the tenth month Liu Gou again marched to relieve Jinlou stockade but government troops blocked him. Miao Peilin rebelled again, joined Zhang Luoxing, linked with rebels across Runing, Zhengyang, and Xi, and prepared to invade Henan. Shusen and Militia Commissioner Mao Changxi jointly asked to bring in Yichang commander Li Xuyi and Bao Chao's officer Chen Youli, each to raise three thousand Hunan braves for Henan, plus one thousand Jilin cavalry; afterward monthly subsidies of twenty thousand taels each from Shanxi and Shaanxi were approved. Shusen was a seasoned administrator who had long served under Hu Linyi in Hubei; stubborn and self-willed, he clashed with Mao Changxi and they obstructed each other. After more than a year in Henan he had some victories but never mastered the campaign; he was transferred to governor of Hubei.
23
同治元年，粵匪陳得才自南陽趨陝邊，捻匪竄永寧，延及雒南。 樹森疏言：「當今賊勢，不患其並力南趨，特慮其潛窺陝境。 西、同、鳳三府為全陝菁華所萃，宜急驅出關，會合夾擊，以保完善之區。」 五月，賊犯鄖西，令總兵何紹彩敗之何家店。 會道員金國琛赴鄖策應，令周鳳山分兵剿正陽、羅山，破賊巢，克邢家集、龍井、陡溝、明港。 敘、捻諸匪合陷隨州，陳大喜陷京山，馬融和陷德安，令舒保擊敗德安賊，穆正春复京山、應城，襄北稍定。 因星變，奏劾欽差大臣勝保。 又奏言：「籓、臬任重，不得以軍功擅請記名。 標兵缺額，請以戰勇充補。 陣亡卹賞欠發，許作子孫捐項，敘給官階職銜貢監。 京官五品以下，官俸實發不折。」 下部分別議行。
In the first year of Tongzhi Chen Decai moved from Nanyang toward Shaanxi; Nian rebels entered Yongning and spread to Luonan. Shusen wrote: "Today's rebels are not the main worry if they push south together; the real fear is a stealthy move into Shaanxi. Xi, Tong, and Feng hold Shaanxi's heartland; we should drive the rebels out of the passes at once and crush them from both sides to preserve that intact region." In the fifth month rebels raided Yunxi; he sent Major General He Shaocai to defeat them at Hejiadian. When Circuit Intendant Jin Guochen went to Yun to coordinate, he sent Zhou Fengshan to clear Zhengyang and Luoshan, destroy rebel nests, and take Xingjiaji, Longjing, Dougou, and Minggang. Xuzhou and Nian rebels together took Suizhou; Chen Daxi took Jingshan; Ma Ronghe took De'an; Shu Bao defeated the De'an rebels; Mu Zhengchun retook Jingshan and Yingcheng; northern Xiangyang calmed somewhat. Citing a celestial anomaly, he impeached Imperial Commissioner Sheng Bao. He also wrote: "Provincial treasurers and surveillance commissioners hold heavy responsibility and must not seek military merit registration on their own. Garrison vacancies should be filled with combat troops. Unpaid death benefits should be convertible into donation credit for descendants, with official ranks and titles granted. Capital officials of fifth rank and below should receive full pay without discount." The ministries were asked to deliberate and implement each item separately.
24
二年，捻匪竄城，樹森赴黃州視師，督舒保、穆正春等擊走之。 三年，粵、捻諸匪由陝南合趨湖北，詔總督官文出省督師，樹森留防省城。 官文奏劾樹森把持兵柄，舊營悉改隸撫標。 上斥其任意妄為，降道員。 四年，授廣西按察使，貴州巡撫張亮基被劾玩兵侵餉。 縱暴殃民諸款，命樹森馳往查奏。 五年，授貴州布政使。 樹森逗遛不進，未至，即奏覆參案。 六年，疏請開缺，詔斥其規避取巧，褫職，發往雲南差遣委用。 十一年，予四品頂戴，署廣西按察使。 光緒元年，遷布政使，就擢巡撫。 二年，卒，賜卹。
In the second year Nian rebels raided the city; Shusen went to Huangzhou to take command and drove them off with Shu Bao and Mu Zhengchun. In the third year Guangdong and Nian rebels from southern Shaanxi converged on Hubei; Governor Guan Wen was ordered out to command; Shusen stayed to defend the capital. Guan Wen impeached Shusen for monopolizing military power and placing all old camps under the governor's banner. The throne rebuked his arbitrary ways and reduced him to circuit intendant. In the fourth year he became surveillance commissioner of Guangxi while Guizhou Governor Zhang Liangji was impeached for neglecting troops and embezzling pay. On charges of indulging violence and harming the people, Shusen was ordered to rush there and investigate. In the fifth year he became provincial treasurer of Guizhou. Shusen delayed and never arrived; he reported on the impeachment case before he got there. In the sixth year he asked to resign; an edict accused him of evasive trickery, stripped his office, and sent him to Yunnan for assignment. In the eleventh year he received fourth-rank insignia and served as acting surveillance commissioner of Guangxi. In the first year of Guangxu he became provincial treasurer and was then promoted to governor. In the second year he died and received funeral honors.
25
論曰：王懿德治閩，悍寇未深入。 鎮輯萑苻，尚能保境。 曾望顏在言路有聲，治兵無術，蜀亂遂成。 耆齡輯睦湘軍，因人成事。 安徽兵餉俱絀，四郊多壘，福濟固一籌莫展。 翁同書亦據蒺終兇。 嚴樹森恃才器小，效胡林翼而適得其反者也。
The commentary says: Wang Yide governed Fujian before the fiercest rebels could penetrate deep inland. He pacified local unrest and still held the province together. Ceng Wangyan was respected as a censor but knew no military art, and the Sichuan rebellion took shape under him. Qiling worked well with the Hunan army and succeeded mainly by relying on others. Anhui was starved of troops and pay, enemies ringed the province on every side, and Fu Ji could offer no workable plan at all. Weng Tongshu, too, clung to a perilous post and came to ruin. Yan Shusen was talented but small-minded; he tried to imitate Hu Linyi and achieved the opposite.