Volume 428 Biographies 215: Qin Dingsan, Hao Guangjia, Zheng Kuishi, Fu Zhenbang, Qiu Lianen, Huang Kaibang, Chen Guorui, Guo Baochang

列傳二百十五

Biography 215

秦定三，字竹坡，湖北興國人。道光六年武進士，授二等侍衛。出為廣西桂林營游擊，洊擢貴州鎮遠鎮總兵。三十年，平湖南李沅發之亂，賜號愨勇巴圖魯。咸豐元年，率貴州、雲南兵赴廣西剿匪，克武宣三里墟賊營。進剿象州，以賊竄逸，坐褫花翎，降三級留任。尋連破賊馬鞍山、竹園村，復之。偕副都統烏蘭泰破賊新墟，又奪雙髻山、豬仔峽要隘，被嘉獎。又擊賊於永安州，力戰受傷。二年，破水竇賊壘，賊棄永安潰圍走，擒賊首洪大泉。賊趨桂林，定三偕烏蘭泰追之。急不暇結營而戰，定三止之，勿聽，烏蘭泰以傷歿。定三代將其軍，克花礄。桂林尋解圍，以保守省城被優敘。追賊入湖南，破賊於道州桃花井、五里亭、龍安橋，進援長沙。總兵和春營妙高峰，為賊所圍，定三分兵襲賊營，得解。尋賊竄岳州，定三坐不能遏賊，革職留任。進援武昌，戰於洪山。三年，賊浮江東下，向榮率大軍由陸路追之，令和春及定三為前鋒。甫至九江，而江寧已陷。踰月大軍始至，迭戰城下，賊堅壁以拒。

Qin Dingsan, courtesy name Zhupo, came from Xingguo in Hubei. He earned his military jinshi degree in the sixth year of Daoguang and was appointed a second-class imperial guardsman. After leaving the capital he served as colonel of the Guilin camp in Guangxi, and in due course rose to commander-in-chief of the Zhenyuan garrison in Guizhou. In the thirtieth year of Daoguang he helped put down Li Yuanfa's rebellion in Hunan and was awarded the title Loyal and Brave Batooru. In the first year of Xianfeng he led troops from Guizhou and Yunnan into Guangxi against the rebels and took their camp at Sanli Market in Wuxuan. When he pressed the attack on Xiangzhou the rebels broke away, and he was stripped of his peacock feather, demoted three ranks, and kept on in his post. He soon won successive victories at Ma'anshan and Zhuyuan Village, and his honors were restored. Along with Vice Commander-in-Chief Ulan Tai he routed the rebels at Xin Market, then took the strategic passes at Shuangji Hill and Zhuzai Gorge and received imperial praise. He fought the rebels again at Yong'an Prefecture, battled hard, and was wounded in action. In the second year he stormed the rebel stronghold at Shuidou; the rebels abandoned Yong'an and fled the siege, and their leader Hong Daquan was taken. When the rebels turned toward Guilin, Dingsan and Ulan Tai gave chase. They attacked in such haste that they had no time to pitch camp; Dingsan urged restraint but was ignored, and Ulan Tai died of his wounds. Dingsan then took over his command and captured Huajiao. Guilin was soon relieved, and he earned special commendation for having held the provincial capital. He pursued the rebels into Hunan, routed them at Taohuajing, Wuliting, and Long'an Bridge in Daozhou, and marched to relieve Changsha. Major General Hechun's camp at Miaogaofeng was surrounded; Dingsan split his force, raided the rebel camp, and broke the siege. When the rebels soon slipped away to Yuezhou, Dingsan was cashiered for failing to stop them but kept on in the field. He marched to relieve Wuchang and fought at Hongshan. In the third year the rebels sailed downriver; Xiang Rong led the main force in pursuit by land and placed Hechun and Dingsan in the van. They had scarcely reached Jiujiang when Jiangning fell. More than a month passed before the main army arrived; they fought again and again beneath the walls while the rebels held fast behind their defenses.

四年，賊分黨陷廬州，和春疏調定三及鄭魁士率所部往助剿。時廬州久為賊踞，旁縣並陷，定三連戰破賊，复六安，屯三角井。會江寧賊分黨入安徽，圖北犯，以援畿南竄匪，道經舒城；賊首羅大綱、石達開、胡以晄、秦日昌等合眾數万，四路來撲。定三所部僅二千，堅守十餘日，陣斬羅大綱，賊始挫，引去。定三集團勇攻舒城，悉破城外賊壘，又伺賊出截擊，連破之。圍之數月，六年，賊營火藥自焚，乘其亂，薄城奮攻，梯而登，遂復舒城，殲賊四千餘，予騎都尉世職。進屯軍鋪，賊自廬江、桐城分路來犯，定三往來馳擊，大破之，复五河、廬江二縣。進規桐城，奪小關、下關、白河嶺諸隘，屯陳家鋪。是年冬，賊由安慶來援，定三血戰十八日，賊乃退。又破賊於桐城北門外，毀其城樓。

In the fourth year rebel bands took Luzhou, and Hechun requested that Dingsan and Zheng Kuishi bring their troops to help suppress them. Luzhou had been in rebel hands for some time and the surrounding counties had fallen; Dingsan won a series of victories, recovered Lu'an, and encamped at Sanjiaojing. Meanwhile rebel forces from Jiangning entered Anhui on a northern thrust to support bandits south of the capital, marching by way of Shucheng; the rebel leaders Luo Dagang, Shi Dakai, Hu Yiliang, Qin Richang, and others massed tens of thousands of men and assailed him from four directions. Dingsan had only two thousand men under him; he held out for more than ten days, killed Luo Dagang in battle, and the rebels finally gave way and withdrew. Dingsan rallied local militia against Shucheng, destroyed every rebel fort outside the walls, and whenever the rebels sallied forth he cut them off and beat them back again and again. The siege lasted months; in the sixth year the rebels' powder stores exploded by accident, and in the confusion he pressed the assault, scaled the walls, and retook Shucheng, killing more than four thousand rebels; he was granted the hereditary rank of Cavalry Commandant. He advanced to Junpu; when rebels came against him from Lujiang and Tongcheng by separate routes, Dingsan rode back and forth to meet them, won a crushing victory, and recovered Wuhe and Lujiang. He pressed the campaign against Tongcheng, took the passes at Xiaoguan, Xiaguan, and Baiheling, and encamped at Chenjiapu. That winter rebels marched from Anqing to relieve the city; Dingsan fought them bitterly for eighteen days until they withdrew. He routed the rebels again outside Tongcheng's north gate and destroyed their gate tower.

捻匪擾河南，詔定三赴蒙城、亳州會剿，以鄭魁士代任桐城軍事。巡撫福濟疏言定三圍攻方得手，留之。改以魁士援北路，而魁士軍已至。定三初與魁士同列，及和春赴江南督師，魁士會辦安徽軍務，權位出定三上，又因爭餉，定三心不平，上疏劾之。福濟所恃惟兩軍，難左右袒，軍飢且渙。七年春，賊又陷廬江，進犯桐城。官軍為所圍，不戰而潰，坐褫翎頂。文宗知定三頻年苦戰，敗非其罪，原之，故薄譴，命赴江南大營，隸和春軍，屯句容。大軍方攻鎮江，令移駐溧水以遏援賊。尋卒於軍，詔念前勞，依例賜卹，諡恭武。

When Nian bandits raided Henan, the court ordered Dingsan to Mengcheng and Bozhou for a joint campaign and placed Zheng Kuishi in charge at Tongcheng. Governor Fu Ji reported that Dingsan's siege was on the verge of success and asked that he be kept in place. Kuishi was reassigned to reinforce the northern front, but his army had already arrived on the scene. Dingsan had once been Kuishi's peer, but after Hechun went south to take command in Jiangnan, Kuishi was made co-director of Anhui military affairs with authority over him; quarrels over supplies bred resentment, and Dingsan memorialized to impeach him. Fu Ji depended on these two armies alone and could not take sides between them; the troops went hungry and discipline frayed. In the spring of the seventh year the rebels seized Lujiang again and marched on Tongcheng. The government force was surrounded and broke without a fight; he was stripped of his insignia for it. Emperor Wenzong knew Dingsan had fought hard for years and that the defeat was not his fault, and pardoned him with a light punishment; he was sent to the great camp in Jiangnan under Hechun and stationed at Jurong. While the main army was attacking Zhenjiang, he was ordered to move to Lishui to block rebel reinforcements. He soon died in camp; the court honored his long service with the usual pension and posthumous title Gongwu.

郝光甲，直隸任丘人。道光十八年一甲一名武進士，授頭等侍衛。出為山東撫標中軍參將，巡撫李僡薦之，超擢陝安鎮總兵。咸豐三年，率陝、甘兵援山東，從解懷慶圍。追賊至山西，破之於平陽。賊入畿輔，光甲從勝保追剿，陝甘總督舒興阿勦賊河南，互相爭調，光甲以擅自移營褫職。尋隨舒興阿援安徽，其軍改隸秦定三。戰舒城，迭破賊，詔予三品頂戴，署陝安鎮總兵。從克廬州，复舒城，复總兵頂戴，賜花翎。尋調赴河南剿捻，誤往徐州，被劾，革職留營。擊潁州捻匪於江集，擒捻首王鳳林。復以調赴蒙城遲延，降二級。七年，援桐城，兵敗，歿於陣。詔復原官，依總兵賜卹，予騎都尉世職，諡武節。

Hao Guangjia came from Renqiu in Zhili. In the eighteenth year of Daoguang he finished first in the top class of the military examinations and was appointed a first-class imperial guardsman. After leaving the capital he served as brigade general of the Shandong provincial garrison; Governor Li Huan recommended him, and he was promoted out of turn to commander-in-chief of the Shan'an garrison. In the third year of Xianfeng he led troops from Shaanxi and Gansu to Shandong and helped raise the siege of Huaiqing. He pursued the rebels into Shanxi and defeated them at Pingyang. When the rebels entered the metropolitan region, Guangjia followed Senggelinqin in pursuit; Shaanxi-Gansu Governor Shu Xing'a was fighting rebels in Henan, and the two quarreled over troop assignments; Guangjia was dismissed for moving his camp without orders. He soon followed Shu Xing'a to Anhui, and his force was placed under Qin Dingsan. At Shucheng he won repeated victories; the court granted him third-rank insignia and acting command of the Shan'an garrison. He helped capture Luzhou and recover Shucheng, had his major-general insignia restored, and was awarded a peacock feather. He was soon ordered to Henan against the Nian but went to Xuzhou by mistake, was impeached, cashiered, and kept with the army. He struck Nian bandits from Yingzhou at Jiangji and captured their leader Wang Fenglin. He was demoted two ranks for again being slow to march to Mengcheng as ordered. In the seventh year, while marching to relieve Tongcheng, his force was beaten and he fell in battle. The court restored his former rank, granted a major general's pension, awarded the hereditary rank of Cavalry Commandant, and gave him the posthumous title Wujie.

鄭魁士，直隸萬全人。由行伍洊擢湖南提標守備。道光三十年，平李沅發之亂，擢鎮筸鎮標都司。從提督向榮赴廣西剿匪，屢捷，賜花翎。擢湖南九谿營游擊，以參將升用。咸豐二年，守桂林，援長沙，擢副將，賜號沙拉瑪巴圖魯。援武昌，遂從向榮追賊沿江東下。以違軍令被劾，褫職留營。尋戰江寧有功，給都司翎頂。四年，提督和春調率所部赴廬州，進攻屢捷，復其職。尋署安徽壽春鎮總兵。廬州數縣皆陷，府城賊眾糧足，殊死守。和春一軍倚魁士及秦定三二人，定三分兵攻舒城；而廬州軍事專恃魁士。圍攻歷年餘，安慶、江寧援賊屢來援，皆擊走。至五年冬，攻愈急，魁士潛至城下以雲梯登城克之。被優敘，加提督銜。六年春，追賊至三河，焚其巢，而捻匪日熾。魁士率兵赴宿州擊破之，乃分路竄入河南境。巡撫英桂疏請魁士赴援永城，和春方倚辦皖賊，疏留，令往來策應。於是迭擊捻匪於懷遠茅塘集、河溜等處，擒其酋褚淀等四十餘人。又破之於蒙城，焚其積聚。駐守懷遠賊分隊來犯，魁士被圍，力戰，身被二十餘創，卒破賊，解圍去，詔嘉其勇，賜黃馬褂。又督團練敗賊於太和。會和春督師江南，詔安徽軍務以魁士繼任，會同巡撫福濟督辦，實授壽春鎮總兵。迭克舒城、廬江、無為，下部優敘，頒賜御用衣服及珍物。又以魁士躬冒鋒鏑，被創甚劇，特詔嘉獎，賜藥調治。先後分兵復和州、潛山。

Zheng Kuishi came from Wanquan in Zhili. He rose from the ranks to become garrison commander of the Hunan provincial brigade. In the thirtieth year of Daoguang he helped put down Li Yuanfa's rebellion and was promoted to battalion commander of the Zhenqian garrison. He followed Regional Commander Xiang Rong to Guangxi against the rebels, won repeated victories, and was awarded a peacock feather. He was promoted to colonel of the Jiuxi camp in Hunan and then to brigade general. In the second year of Xianfeng he held Guilin and relieved Changsha, was promoted to deputy commander, and was awarded the title Shalama Batooru. After relieving Wuchang he followed Xiang Rong in pursuit of the rebels downriver. He was impeached for disobeying orders, cashiered, and kept with the army. He soon earned merit at Jiangning and was given battalion-commander insignia. In the fourth year Regional Commander Hechun took him and his troops to Luzhou; his attacks kept succeeding and his rank was restored. He was soon made acting commander-in-chief of the Shouchun garrison in Anhui. Several counties around Luzhou had fallen; inside the prefectural city the rebels were numerous, well supplied, and defended it to the last. Hechun's army depended on Kuishi and Qin Dingsan; Dingsan detached troops to attack Shucheng; while the Luzhou campaign rested entirely on Kuishi. The siege lasted more than a year; rebel relief columns from Anqing and Jiangning came again and again, and each time he drove them off. By the winter of the fifth year the assault had grown desperate; Kuishi stole up to the walls, scaled them on siege ladders, and took the city. He earned special commendation and was given brevet rank as regional commander. In the spring of the sixth year he pursued the rebels to Sanhe and burned their base, even as the Nian grew stronger by the day. Kuishi marched to Suzhou and routed them, and they scattered in bands into Henan. Governor Ying Gui asked that Kuishi march to relieve Yongcheng; Hechun, who still needed him against the Anhui rebels, asked to keep him and ordered him to shuttle back and forth in support. He then struck the Nian again and again at Maotangji in Huaiyuan, Heliu, and elsewhere, capturing more than forty of their chiefs, including Chu Dian. He defeated them again at Mengcheng and burned their stockpiles. While he was stationed at Huaiyuan a rebel detachment attacked; Kuishi was surrounded, fought on despite more than twenty wounds, finally broke the enemy, and raised the siege; the court praised his courage and granted him a yellow riding jacket. He also led local militia to defeat the rebels at Taihe. When Hechun took command in Jiangnan, the court put Anhui military affairs in Kuishi's hands, with Governor Fu Ji as his partner, and formally appointed him commander-in-chief of the Shouchun garrison. He recovered Shucheng, Lujiang, and Wuwei in turn; the ministry commended him specially and the court bestowed imperial garments and treasures. Because he had faced the blades himself and been badly wounded, a special edict praised him and sent medicine for his recovery. He then detached troops to recover Hezhou and Qianshan in turn.

先是秦定三攻桐城，賊堅守不下，魁士往會剿，迭戰，並擊退援賊。時悍賊石達開往來桐城、安慶，勢甚張；又勾通捻匪，蔓延皖、豫之間。詔秦定三移兵蒙城剿捻，尋又留攻桐城，以魁士代之，會同河南巡撫英桂節制三省剿捻之兵；而桐城兵事方棘，福濟复疏留不遣。值歲荒餉匱，定三軍原取給地方捐給，魁士兵至，悉取轉供。定三疏爭，福濟一無措置，兩軍遂成水火。詔促魁士速赴蒙城，亦迄未行。

Earlier Qin Dingsan had besieged Tongcheng without success; Kuishi joined the campaign, fought battle after battle, and drove off the relief columns as well. At that time the formidable rebel Shi Dakai ranged between Tongcheng and Anqing with great force; he also colluded with the Nian, and trouble spread across Anhui and Henan. The court ordered Qin Dingsan to Mengcheng against the Nian, then kept him at Tongcheng and put Kuishi in his place, with Henan Governor Ying Gui commanding the three-province Nian campaign; but Tongcheng was still in crisis, and Fu Ji again memorialized to keep him from leaving. Famine had emptied the granaries; Dingsan's army had lived on local contributions, but when Kuishi's troops arrived they seized everything for themselves. Dingsan protested in a memorial; Fu Ji did nothing, and the two armies became bitter enemies. The court ordered Kuishi to hurry to Mengcheng, but he never went.

七年春，廬江、潛山連陷，賊由安慶大舉來犯，城賊突出，官軍飢疲不相顧，不戰潰圍而走。於是詔褫魁士翎頂，罷其剿捻會辦，歸福濟節制。退保廬州，粵、捻各匪會合來犯，魁士迎擊挫之，复翎頂。尋克桃鎮、派河，進扼全椒、滁州以杜北竄。八年，調赴江南大營，授浙江提督，督辦寧國軍務。九年，克灣沚，進剿貴池、南陵。尋命駐防高淳、東壩。

In the spring of the seventh year Lujiang and Qianshan fell one after another; rebels marched in force from Anqing, the garrison sallied out, and the government troops—hungry, exhausted, and no longer acting as one—broke and fled without a fight. The court stripped Kuishi of his insignia, removed him as co-director of the Nian campaign, and placed him under Fu Ji. He fell back to defend Luzhou; Cantonese rebels and Nian bandits joined to attack, Kuishi met them and beat them back, and his insignia was restored. He soon took Taozhen and Paihe and advanced to hold Quanjiao and Chuzhou against a northern breakout. In the eighth year he was sent to the great camp in Jiangnan, made regional commander of Zhejiang, and put in charge of military affairs at Ningguo. In the ninth year he took Wanzhi and pressed the campaign against Guichi and Nanling. He was soon ordered to garrison Gaochun and Dongba.

十年，以傷病乞假，詔斥屢次退卻，以總兵降補。從漕運總督袁甲三勦賊，授甘肅寧夏鎮總兵。十一年，以病罷。尋召來京候簡。同治五年，捻匪北犯，命赴直隸東路協剿。六年，署直隸提督。八年，乞病歸。十二年，卒。大學士李鴻章疏陳魁士久於軍事，堅苦剛毅，疊受重傷，詔依例賜卹，諡忠烈。

In the tenth year he asked for leave because of wounds and illness; the court rebuked his repeated retreats and demoted him to major general. He served under Grain Transport Governor Yuan Jiasan against the rebels and was appointed commander-in-chief of the Ningxia garrison in Gansu. In the eleventh year he was dismissed because of illness. He was soon summoned to the capital to await a new appointment. In the fifth year of Tongzhi, when the Nian raided northward, he was ordered to the eastern front in Zhili for a joint campaign. In the sixth year he served as acting regional commander of Zhili. In the eighth year he retired home because of illness. He died in the twelfth year. Grand Secretary Li Hongzhang reported that Kuishi had spent his life in the army, was steadfast and resolute, and had been badly wounded again and again; the court granted the usual pension and the posthumous title Zhonglie.

傅振邦，山東昌邑人。道光十六年武進士，授三等侍衛。二十三年，出為湖南長沙協中軍都司，署鎮筸游擊。三十年，從平新寧土匪李沅發，受槍傷，賜花翎，實授游擊。咸豐二年，赴援桂林。三年，從向榮追賊抵江南，擢湖南撫標中軍參將。以圍攻江寧功，賜號綽克托巴圖魯。四年，擢貴州定廣協副將，署江蘇徐州鎮總兵。賊由蕪湖犯東壩，陷高淳。向榮令迎擊敗之，復其城。又偕鄧紹良克太平府，偪秣陵關，破賊於採石磯。六年，蒞徐州署任。捻酋張洛行、夏白、任乾圍宿州，振邦敗之夾溝、符離，解城圍。再敗張洛行於瓦子口，毀其巢。擊退蒙城賊於灘口。又偕伊興額破捻酋紀學中、王得六於永城鐵佛寺，毀柳集、臨渙集賊巢，擒紀學中，實授徐州鎮總兵。

Fu Zhenbang came from Changyi in Shandong. He earned his military jinshi degree in the sixteenth year of Daoguang and was appointed a third-class imperial guardsman. In the twenty-third year he left the capital to serve as battalion commander of the Changsha garrison in Hunan and acted as colonel of the Zhenqian garrison. In the thirtieth year he helped put down the bandit Li Yuanfa in Xinning, was shot, was awarded a peacock feather, and was formally appointed colonel. In the second year of Xianfeng he marched to relieve Guilin. In the third year he followed Xiang Rong in pursuit of the rebels into Jiangnan and was promoted to brigade general of the Hunan provincial garrison. For his service in the siege of Jiangning he was awarded the title Zhuoketuo Batooru. In the fourth year he was promoted to deputy commander of the Dingguang garrison in Guizhou and acted as commander-in-chief of the Xuzhou garrison in Jiangsu. Rebels advanced from Wuhu against Dongba and captured Gaochun. Xiang Rong ordered him to meet the attack, and he defeated the rebels and recovered the city. He also joined Deng Shaoliang in taking Taiping Prefecture, pressed toward Moling Pass, and routed the rebels at Caishiji. In the sixth year he assumed his acting command at Xuzhou. When the Nian chiefs Zhang Luoxing, Xia Bai, and Ren Qian besieged Suzhou, Zhenbang defeated them at Jiagou and Fuli and raised the siege. He routed Zhang Luoxing again at Wazikou and destroyed his base. He drove the Mengcheng rebels back at Tankou. He also joined Yi Xing'e in defeating the Nian chiefs Ji Xuezhong and Wang Deliu at the Iron Buddha Temple in Yongcheng, destroyed their bases at Liuji and Linhuanji, captured Ji Xuezhong, and was formally appointed commander-in-chief of the Xuzhou garrison.

會江南大營失利，命振邦馳援。偕總兵明安泰、秦如虎破賊東壩，進攻溧水。七年，克之。又破賊湖墅，追至龍都，偕張國樑克句容，加提督銜。八年，援寧國，拔灣沚、黃池，郡城解嚴。四月，回軍徐州，命幫辦袁甲三軍務。時捻匪蜂起，振邦馳逐江北、皖、豫之間，擒石得珍於山套；覆李大喜於符離；蹙孫葵心於茨河，歸德、陳州均肅清，以提督記名。九年，命代袁甲三督辦三省剿匪事，副都統伊興額副之。尋復命幫辦欽差大臣勝保軍，仍留督辦三省剿匪事。

When the great camp in Jiangnan was defeated, Zhenbang was ordered to hurry to its relief. With Major Generals Ming Antai and Qin Ruhu he routed the rebels at Dongba and advanced on Lishui. In the seventh year he took the city. He defeated the rebels again at Hushu, pursued them to Longdu, joined Zhang Guoliang in taking Jurong, and was given brevet rank as regional commander. In the eighth year he relieved Ningguo, recovered Wanzhi and Huangchi, and the prefectural seat was no longer under siege. In the fourth month he returned to Xuzhou and was ordered to assist Yuan Jiasan in military affairs. As Nian bandits swarmed across the region, Zhenbang ranged between northern Jiangsu, Anhui, and Henan and captured Shi Dezhen in Shantao; he destroyed Li Daxi at Fuli; he cornered Sun Kuixin at Cihe; Guide and Chenzhou were both pacified, and he was placed on the list for promotion to regional commander. In the ninth year he replaced Yuan Jiasan as director of the three-province suppression campaign, with Vice Commander-in-Chief Yi Xing'e as his deputy. He was soon ordered to assist Imperial Commissioner Senggelinqin while continuing to direct the three-province campaign.

澮北捻渠劉添福糾眾三萬圍團練苗沛霖營，振邦馳救，毀賊壘二十四。乘勝攻澮南，陣斬賊酋任乾，夷其圩，授雲南提督。蒙城王家圩諸圩聞任乾死，俱乞降，獨淝南板橋集賊陸連科負隅久抗。振邦設計招降黃家圩，李華東為內應，擒陸連科誅之，淝南北六十餘圩悉就撫。六月，賊陷定遠，振邦馳援，破賊於宿州。賊竄固鎮，破之於方家坎渡口。孫葵心竄唐家寨，窺濟寧，截擊之，賊退走。

When the Nian leader Liu Tianfu north of the Hui River mustered thirty thousand men and besieged Miao Peilin's militia camp, Zhenbang hurried to the rescue and destroyed twenty-four rebel forts. Pressing his advantage south of the Hui River, he killed the rebel chief Ren Qian in battle, leveled his stockade, and was appointed regional commander of Yunnan. Hearing of Ren Qian's death, the stockades around Wangjia Stockade in Mengcheng all sued for surrender; only the rebel Lu Lianke at Banqiao Market south of the Fei River held out stubbornly. Zhenbang engineered the surrender of Huangjia Stockade with Li Huadong as an inside agent, captured and executed Lu Lianke, and brought more than sixty stockades north and south of the Fei River to submission. In the sixth month, when rebels took Dingyuan, Zhenbang hurried to relieve the city and defeated them at Suzhou. When the rebels fled to Guzhen, he defeated them at the Fangjiakan crossing. Sun Kuixin fled to Tangjia Stockade and threatened Jining; Zhenbang cut him off and the rebels withdrew.

十年，詔袁甲三代勝保為欽差大臣，振邦專任徐、宿剿匪事。捻匪屢窺徐、宿，其老巢袁、徐兩圩跨澮南、河北，振邦進剿，連破其衝要臨渙、韓村、趙家海、張圩，餘多自拔就撫。遂渡澮河攻袁圩。捻酋劉添福自豫回竄，擊敗之，再破之褚莊、邱家圩、檀城，五戰皆捷，殲賊六千有奇，擒其酋任護、任大牛。東路捻匪擾宿遷、睢寧，振邦戰於苗村，大破之。閏三月，偕田在田克閻圩，擒任虎、鄧三摩等誅之。复破援賊，擒李大喜。四月，連克澮南解溝、五溝、任圩賊巢，斬賊目李四喜、任友得三十餘名，收撫童亭、藕池四十二圩。五月，會攻袁圩。捻酋劉添祥等大舉來援，分軍擊之；而永城捻萬餘直趨童亭，窺孫甿大營，振邦令副將龔耀倫擊敗其眾，擒捻首趙學煥等。七月，拔蒙城西洋集賊圩十四。潁、亳捻首姜台凌等北竄澮南，扼險截擊，擒賊目百餘。尋因傷發，請假回籍醫治，允之。十一年，命督練民團防堵登、萊、青三府，振邦病未已，疏辭防堵，請專任團練，報可。是年冬，命來京候簡。

In the tenth year Yuan Jiasan replaced Senggelinqin as imperial commissioner, and Zhenbang was given sole charge of suppression in Xuzhou and Suzhou. The Nian repeatedly probed Xuzhou and Suzhou; their main bases, the Yuan and Xu stockades, straddled the Hui River; Zhenbang advanced against them, took Linhuan, Hancun, Zhaojiahai, and Zhang Stockade in succession, and most of the rest surrendered. He then crossed the Hui River to attack Yuan Stockade. When the Nian chief Liu Tianfu fled back from Henan, Zhenbang defeated him, then beat him again at Chuzhuang, Qiujia Stockade, and Tancheng; he won all five battles, killed more than six thousand rebels, and captured the chiefs Ren Hu and Ren Daniu. Nian bandits on the eastern front raided Suqian and Suining; Zhenbang fought them at Miaocun and won a crushing victory. In the intercalary third month he joined Tian Zaitian in taking Yan Stockade and executed Ren Hu, Deng Sanmo, and others. He defeated the relief column again and captured Li Daxi. In the fourth month he took the rebel bases at Jiegou, Wugou, and Ren Stockade south of the Hui River in succession, beheaded more than thirty rebel officers including Li Sixi and Ren Youde, and brought forty-two stockades at Tongting and Ouchi to submission. In the fifth month he joined the assault on Yuan Stockade. When the Nian chiefs Liu Tianxiang and others marched in force to relieve the stockade, he split his army to meet them; while more than ten thousand Nian from Yongcheng marched on Tongting and threatened Sun Mian's main camp; Zhenbang sent Deputy Commander Gong Yaolun to defeat them and captured the Nian chief Zhao Xuehuan and others. In the seventh month he took fourteen rebel stockades at Xiyangji in Mengcheng. When the Nian chiefs Jiang Tailing and others from Ying and Bo fled north across the Hui River, he seized the passes to cut them off and captured more than a hundred rebel officers. His old wounds soon reopened, and he was granted leave to return home for treatment. In the eleventh year he was ordered to train militia and guard the coast in Deng, Lai, and Qing; still ill, Zhenbang asked to be relieved of coastal defense and put solely in charge of militia training, and the court agreed. That winter he was ordered to the capital to await a new appointment.

同治元年，勝保奏調振邦幫辦皖、豫軍，為山東所留，不果行。二年，僧格林沁調統前軍，從攻淄川、白蓮池，援蒙城。三年，從破捻酋張總愚於湖北隨州。四年，以疾告歸，未幾疾愈，留督軍青、萊，移扼張秋河防。六年，會剿直隸梟匪，賊降复叛，褫翎頂。尋破賊夏津，復之。五年，西捻平，補直隸提督。光緒六年，調湖北。九年，以傷發回籍，未幾，卒於家，賜卹，諡剛勇。

In the first year of Tongzhi, Senggelinqin asked to transfer Zhenbang to the Anhui and Henan fronts, but Shandong kept him and the move never happened. In the second year he served under Sengge Rinchen's vanguard in the attacks on Zichuan and Bailianchi and the relief of Mengcheng. In the third year he helped defeat the Nian chief Zhang Zongyu at Suizhou in Hubei. In the fourth year he went home ill; he soon recovered and stayed on to command troops in Qing and Lai, then moved to guard the Zhangqiu River line. In the sixth year he joined the campaign against outlaw bandits in Zhili; when the rebels surrendered and then rose again, his insignia was stripped. He soon defeated the rebels at Xiajin and had his honors restored. When the western Nian were pacified in the fifth year, he was appointed regional commander of Zhili. In the sixth year of Guangxu he was transferred to Hubei. In the ninth year his old wounds reopened and he went home; he soon died there, and the court granted a pension and the posthumous title Gangyong.

邱聯恩，字偉堂，福建同安人，浙江提督良功子。襲男爵，授乾清門侍衛。道光二十三年，出為直隸通州協副將，調河間協。咸豐四年，從勝保剿粵匪於靜海李家莊，擊敗之，又破樑頭、孫家莊賊營，擢南陽鎮總兵。剿光州捻匪，擒其渠丁心田，賜花翎。五年，捻首李世林敗死，其黨易添富糾汝陽、息縣諸匪，戕烏龍集州判，陷息縣，據光山。聯恩督兵圍攻，賊宵遁，追擊，大破之，斃賊千餘，擒斬王黨、黃五雷等。

Qiu Lian'en, courtesy name Weitang, came from Tong'an in Fujian and was the son of Zhejiang Regional Commander Liang Gong. He inherited his father's barony and was appointed a guardsman of the Gate of Heavenly Purity. In the twenty-third year of Daoguang he left the capital as deputy commander of the Tongzhou garrison in Zhili and was transferred to the Hejian garrison. In the fourth year of Xianfeng he followed Senggelinqin against the Cantonese rebels at Lijia Village in Jinghai, routed them, and broke their camps at Liangtou and Sunjia Village; he was promoted to commander-in-chief of the Nanyang garrison. He suppressed the Nian in Guangzhou, captured their leader Ding Xintian, and was awarded a peacock feather. In the fifth year the Nian chief Li Shilin was killed in defeat; his follower Yi Tianfu rallied bandits from Ruyang, Xixian, and elsewhere, murdered the subprefect at Wulongji, seized Xixian, and occupied Guangshan. Lian'en besieged them; the rebels fled by night, he pursued and routed them, killing more than a thousand rebels and capturing and executing Wang Dang, Huang Wulei, and others.

六年，皖捻首張洛行、龔瞎子等擾歸德，聯恩間道赴援，甫至，賊三路來撲，擊走之。尋以進剿遲延，革職留營。連破賊於穀熟集、界溝集，殲斃甚眾。進剿亳州五馬溝，大破之，殲賊千餘，擒賊目三十餘人，復原官。其冬，襄樊土匪起，入河南，陷鄧州、內鄉，聯恩馳擊，復其城，殲賊渠硃中立等，轄境得安。七年春，張洛行擁眾掠光州、固始，分據洪河南北。勝保大軍扼北岸，聯恩率兵千餘擊南岸，進攻方家集賊巢。五月，諸軍合擊，聯恩直搗賊壘，破圩而入，乘勝追殺，焚洪河橋，兩岸賊皆潰，殲斃三千餘。是役功最，賜號圖薩蘭巴圖魯。九月，剿角子山捻匪，都統德楞阿敗賊確山，聯恩乘勝躡擊。賊竄沁陽、嵩縣諸山中，搜捕數月，賊氛始清。八年，回軍援固始，圍尋解。粵匪犯湖北，陷麻城。聯恩扼沙窩坊、虎頭關，防光山、商城一路。十月，捻首孫葵心竄周家口，聯恩破之槐店。

In the sixth year the Anhui Nian chiefs Zhang Luoxing and Gong Xiazi raided Guide; Lian'en took a roundabout route to relieve the city, and when the rebels attacked from three directions as soon as he arrived, he drove them off. He was soon cashiered for slow progress in the campaign but kept with the army. He won repeated victories at Gushuji and Jiegouji and killed a great many rebels. He advanced against Wumagou in Bozhou, won a crushing victory, killed more than a thousand rebels, captured more than thirty rebel officers, and had his rank restored. That winter bandits rose in Xiangyang and Fancheng, entered Henan, and seized Dengzhou and Neixiang; Lian'en hurried to the scene, recovered both cities, destroyed the bandit leaders including Zhu Zhongli, and pacified his jurisdiction. In the spring of the seventh year Zhang Luoxing led a large force against Guangzhou and Gushi and held both banks of the Hong River. Senggelinqin's main force held the north bank while Lian'en led more than a thousand men against the south bank and advanced on the rebel base at Fangjiaji. In the fifth month the armies attacked together; Lian'en stormed the rebel fort, broke into the stockade, pursued the fleeing enemy, burned the Hong River bridge, and routed the rebels on both banks, killing more than three thousand. His merit in this campaign was greatest, and he was awarded the title Tusalang Batooru. In the ninth month he fought the Nian at Jiaozishan; Commander-in-Chief Delinq'a defeated rebels at Queshan, and Lian'en pressed the pursuit. The rebels fled into the mountains around Qinyang and Songxian; after months of pursuit the region was finally pacified. In the eighth year he marched back to relieve Gushi, and the siege was soon raised. Cantonese rebels invaded Hubei and captured Macheng. Lian'en held Shawofang and Hutou Pass to block the route toward Guangshan and Shangcheng. In the tenth month the Nian chief Sun Kuixin fled to Zhoujiakou; Lian'en defeated him at Huaidian.

九年春，張洛行、龔瞎子復擾歸德，聯恩馳援，連破之。追至五溝營，賊分為二，其東竄者分兵擊潰於商水南，而自躡其西，孤軍獨進。巡撫恆福劾其追賊遲延，革職留營。賊犯西華，進擊解其圍。追至舞陽北舞渡，日已暮，人馬皆未食，遇賊奮戰，進至殺虎橋，賊騎四面兜圍。聯恩身被重創，馬僕，步戰，手殺十餘賊，力竭，死之。詔復原官，依提督陣亡例優恤，予騎都尉並一云騎尉世職，諡武烈。南陽、同安並建專祠。無子，以族子嗣，炳忠襲男爵，炳義襲世職。

In the spring of the ninth year Zhang Luoxing and Gong Xiazi raided Guide again; Lian'en hurried to the scene and beat them back repeatedly. He pursued them to Wugouying; when the rebels split in two, he detached troops to rout the eastern band south of Shangshui and pressed on alone after the western band. Governor Heng Fu impeached him for slow pursuit; he was cashiered but kept with the army. When rebels attacked Xihua, he marched to relieve the city. He pursued them to Beiwudu in Wuyang; night had fallen and neither men nor horses had eaten when he met the rebels and fought on, reaching Shahu Bridge before rebel cavalry surrounded him on all sides. Lian'en was badly wounded; his horse fell, he fought on foot, killed more than ten rebels with his own hands, and when his strength gave out he fell and died. The court restored his rank, granted the preferential pension due a regional commander killed in battle, awarded the hereditary ranks of Cavalry Commandant and Yunqiwei, and gave him the posthumous title Wulie. Dedicated shrines were built for him in Nanyang and Tong'an. He had no son; a clansman succeeded him, Bingzhong inherited the barony, and Bingyi the hereditary office.

黃開榜，湖北施南人。初入湘軍，從塔齊布戰武、漢、蘄、黃間，累擢至都司。咸豐七年，從勝保剿捻匪，克正陽關，擢游擊。八年，偕副都統穆騰阿戰馬頭，開榜失利，褫翎頂。复六安，加副將銜。九年正月，會豫軍毀潁上南照集賊巢，率水師攻蚌埠、長淮衛，戰七晝夜，獲賊船百餘，斃賊千餘，又焚賊舟糧，破懷遠水路諸卡，毀文昌閣賊壘，殺賊甚眾，賜號勤勇巴圖魯。合諸軍擊退援賊，直抵懷遠城下，先登，复懷遠，擢副將。十年，袁甲三圍鳳陽，開榜會攻爐橋，捻首張洛行來援，會諸軍夾擊破之。賊酋鄧正明潛乞降，覘府城虛實，開榜請聚師城外，示以兵威。總兵張得勝誘擒賊首張隆，令縛獻賊酋悍黨十四人，磔於市。開榜梟張隆首示城賊，賊眾縛獻其酋乞降，誅悍者三百餘人，餘遣散歸業。功最，以總兵記名。偕總兵田在田等破賊王家營，復清江浦，遂駐防。江寧大營潰，降賊薛成良叛入邵伯湖，開榜偕副將劉成元等毀賊船三百餘，殲賊殆盡，成良赴水死。加提督銜，授江西九江鎮總兵。十一年，攻天長，疊平賊壘。

Huang Kaibang came from Shinan in Hubei. He first joined the Xiang Army and fought under Ta Qibu in the Wuhan, Qichun, and Huangzhou theaters, rising by successive promotions to battalion commander. In the seventh year of Xianfeng he served under Sengbao against the Nian, took Zhengyang Pass, and was promoted to brigade commander. In the eighth year he fought at Matou alongside Vice Commander-in-Chief Muteng'a; Kaibang was defeated and stripped of his insignia. After Lu'an was recovered, he was granted the rank of deputy commander. In the first month of the ninth year he joined Henan troops in destroying the rebel stronghold at Nanzhaoji in Yingshang, then led the fleet against Bengbu and Changhuaiwei. After seven days and nights of fighting his forces captured more than a hundred rebel boats, killed over a thousand rebels, burned their grain ships, broke the river barriers near Huaiyuan, and destroyed the rebel fort at Wenchang Pavilion. For killing so many rebels he was awarded the title Qinyong Batooru. He joined the other armies in driving back the relief force, pressed to the foot of Huaiyuan, was first over the wall, and recovered the city; he was then promoted to deputy commander. In the tenth year Yuan Jiasan besieged Fengyang; Kaibang joined the assault on Luqiao. When Nian chief Zhang Luoxing came to the relief, the allied armies crushed him in a pincer attack. Rebel chief Deng Zhengming secretly offered to surrender while reconnoitering the prefectural city; Kaibang asked that troops be massed outside the walls to show force. Regional commander Zhang Desheng lured and captured rebel chief Zhang Long, then had fourteen of the chiefs' fiercest followers bound and handed over to be dismembered in the market. Kaibang displayed Zhang Long's head to the rebels inside the city; the rebel ranks then bound their chiefs and surrendered. More than three hundred of the most violent were executed, and the rest were disbanded to resume their livelihoods. His contribution ranked first, and he was placed on the list for promotion to regional commander. Together with regional commander Tian Zaitian and others he routed the rebels at Wangjiaying, recovered Qingjiangpu, and remained to garrison it. When the great Jiangning camp collapsed, the surrendered rebel Xue Chengliang rose again and fled into Lake Shaobo. Kaibang, with deputy commander Liu Chengyuan and others, destroyed more than three hundred rebel boats and nearly annihilated the force; Chengliang drowned himself. He was granted the rank of provincial commander and appointed regional commander of the Jiujiang garrison in Jiangxi. In the eleventh year he attacked Tianchang and one after another reduced the rebel forts.

同治元年，捻匪竄寶應，開榜督砲船擊走之，又敗賊於山陽、汊河。偕道員張富年破賊宿州觀音寺、仁和集，擒賊酋王春玉於邳州，拔貓兒窩賊柵。僧格林沁劾開榜飾詞冒功，下漕運總督吳棠按究，得白，薦統徐、宿軍，兼節制水師。二年，攻長城賊堡，克之，收撫附近諸墟。破郜家花園、孫甿賊巢，以提督記名。

In the first year of Tongzhi, when Nian bandits raided Baoying, Kaibang led gunboats to drive them off and later defeated them at Shanyang and Chahe. With circuit intendant Zhang Funian he defeated rebels at Guanyin Temple and Renheji in Suzhou, captured rebel chief Wang Chunyu at Pizhou, and took the rebel stockade at Mao'erwo. Senggelinqin accused Kaibang of exaggerating his reports and claiming credit falsely; the case was referred to Grand Canal Director Wu Tang for investigation. Kaibang was cleared, recommended to command the Xuzhou and Suzhou forces, and given charge of the fleet as well. In the second year he stormed the rebel fort at Changcheng, took it, and brought the nearby deserted hamlets back under control. He destroyed the rebel nests at Gaojia Garden and Sun Meng and was placed on the list for promotion to provincial commander.

粵匪渡江北犯，開榜扼高郵，賊掠船渡湖犯天長，開榜往援，焚賊筏，軍於堤上。賊列陣以拒，開榜令副將龔雲福由陸路迎擊，參將陳浚家率砲劃潛出小河口，轉戰而前，與長城兵夾擊，破賊於三汊河，天長圍解。提督楊岳斌复江浦、浦口，開榜破七里洲賊壘，焚船六十餘艘。助攻九洑洲，拔之。開榜奉調赴臨淮，偕總兵普承堯平七里河岸賊壘。三年，率所部師船防通州，江寧平。四年，赴九江鎮任。十年，卒，諡剛愍。

When Guangdong rebels crossed the Yangtze to raid the north, Kaibang held Gaoyou. The rebels seized boats, crossed the lake, and struck at Tianchang; Kaibang hurried to the relief, burned their rafts, and encamped on the dike. The rebels drew up in battle order to resist. Kaibang sent deputy commander Gong Yunfu to meet them by land and battalion commander Chen Junjia to slip gunboats out from Xiaohekou. Fighting forward in stages, they joined the Changcheng troops in a pincer at Sanxhe River, routed the rebels, and lifted the siege of Tianchang. Provincial commander Yang Yuebin recovered Jiangpu and Pukou; Kaibang took the rebel fort at Qilizhou and burned more than sixty boats. He joined the assault on Jiufu Island and captured it. Kaibang was transferred to Linhuai and, with regional commander Pu Chengyao, cleared the rebel forts along the Qili riverbank. In the third year he led his fleet to guard Tongzhou, by which time Jiangning had been pacified. In the fourth year he took up his post at the Jiujiang garrison. In the tenth year he died and was posthumously honored with the temple name Gangmin.

陳國瑞，字慶雲，湖北應城人。年十餘歲陷賊中，出投總兵黃開榜，收為義子，冒姓黃氏。在軍每戰衝鋒。咸豐九年，從攻懷遠，率七人夜渡河攀堞先登，擲火燔譙樓，斬悍賊十餘人，師畢登，遂克懷遠，自是以勇聞。欽差大臣袁甲三進圍定遠，捻首李光等來援，國瑞陷陣，脅中槍，裹創力戰，賊辟易，乘勝破二圩，賜號技勇巴圖魯。奉檄援壽州，中途聞賊犯鳳陽，回軍夜往，連破賊壘，立解圍，超擢游擊。十一年，江、皖賊合眾窺揚州，國瑞馳剿湖西，屢破賊，加副將銜。

Chen Guorui, styled Qingyun, came from Yingcheng in Hubei. While still in his early teens he was caught up among the rebels; he escaped and joined regional commander Huang Kaibang, who adopted him as a foster son and gave him the surname Huang. In every battle he led the charge. In the ninth year of Xianfeng, during the assault on Huaiyuan, he led seven men across the river by night, climbed the wall first, and set fire to the gate tower. They killed more than ten fierce rebels, the main force followed over the wall, and Huaiyuan fell. From then on he was famed for bravery. When Imperial Commissioner Yuan Jiasan besieged Dingyuan, Nian chiefs including Li Guang came to the relief. Guorui plunged into the fight, was shot in the side, bound his wound, and kept fighting until the rebels gave way. Pressing the advantage, he stormed two stockades and was awarded the title Jiyong Batooru. Ordered to relieve Shouzhou, he heard midway that rebels were attacking Fengyang, turned back by night, stormed rebel forts in succession, lifted the siege at once, and was specially promoted to brigade commander. In the eleventh year Jiangsu and Anhui rebels massed to threaten Yangzhou; Guorui hurried west of the lake to suppress them, defeated them repeatedly, and was granted the rank of deputy commander.

同治元年春，捻匪犯淮安，國瑞率五百人繞出賊後，與總兵龔耀倫夾擊，賊驚潰，馬賊悉遁，步賊萬餘回拒，國瑞偕總兵王萬清合戰破之。再破賊黨李城於版徬。賊由眾興集撲清江浦，擊走之。以砲船三十遏運河，夜襲桃源北岸，破賊圩四，直取眾興，拔十餘壘，擢副將。三月，率步卒八百敗賊於涇河，轉戰至新河，賊逼堤而陣。國瑞麾隊猛進，手燃砲殪執旗賊目，斬級千餘，以總兵記名。進剿泗州捻首韓老萬，敗之。四月，戰於邳州新村，捻眾亙三十里，國瑞分三路迎擊，斬賊渠王春玉，擲其首賊陣中，賊駭亂，夜冒雨襲破其三營。別賊趨救，昏暗不辨，自相殺，乘勢蹙之，殲數千。捻勢遂衰。

In the spring of the first year of Tongzhi, when Nian bandits attacked Huai'an, Guorui led five hundred men around behind the enemy and, with regional commander Gong Yaolun, struck in a pincer. The rebels broke in panic; the cavalry fled, but more than ten thousand foot soldiers turned to fight back. Guorui and regional commander Wang Wanqing joined forces and defeated them. He again defeated Li Cheng's rebel band at Banfang. When rebels from Zhongxingji struck at Qingjiangpu, he drove them back. With thirty gunboats he blocked the Grand Canal, raided the north bank of Taoyuan by night, took four rebel stockades, pushed on to Zhongxing, and captured more than ten forts; he was promoted to deputy commander. In the third month he led eight hundred foot soldiers to defeat rebels at the Jing River and fought on to Xinhe, where the rebels drew up tight against the dike. Guorui drove his men forward in a fierce assault, personally fired a cannon and killed the rebel standard-bearer, and took more than a thousand heads; he was placed on the list for regional commander. He advanced against Nian chief Han Laowan of Sizhou and defeated him. In the fourth month he fought at Xincun in Pizhou, where the Nian ranks stretched thirty li. Guorui split his force into three columns, beheaded rebel chieftain Wang Chunyu, and hurled the head into the enemy lines. The rebels panicked, and that night, in the rain, he stormed three of their camps. Another rebel band rushed to the rescue, but in the darkness they could not tell friend from foe and turned on one another. Guorui pressed the advantage and wiped out several thousand. The Nian cause thus waned.

時山東棍、幅各匪麕集郯城，漕運總督吳棠檄國瑞進剿，連克數圩，斃悍酋孫化祥，餘黨多就撫。五月，會攻兗州鳳凰山，約副將郭寶昌、參將康錦文分路設伏，躬率小隊抵白蓮池，誘賊出，伏發，截賊隊為二，擒悍匪劉雙印。緣崖先登，諸軍繼之，克鳳凰山，戮逆首宋維鵬等，賜黃馬褂、頭品頂戴。國瑞呈請歸宗，复陳姓。

At that time stick- and banner-bandits from Shandong had massed at Tancheng. Grand Canal Director Wu Tang ordered Guorui to suppress them; he took several stockades in succession, killed the fierce chief Sun Huaxiang, and many of the survivors submitted. In the fifth month they jointly attacked Fenghuang Mountain at Yanzhou. Guorui arranged with deputy commander Guo Baochang and battalion commander Kang Jinwen to lay ambushes on separate routes, then personally led a small squad to White Lotus Pool to draw the rebels out. When the ambush struck, the rebel column was cut in two and the fierce bandit Liu Shuangyin was captured. He was first up the cliff, the other units followed, and Fenghuang Mountain fell. The rebel leaders, including Song Weipeng, were executed, and Guorui was granted a yellow riding jacket and first-rank cap button. Guorui petitioned to rejoin his birth clan and resumed the surname Chen.

會苗沛霖叛，僧格林沁移剿，檄國瑞先發，漕運總督吳棠奏請國瑞幫辦軍務。國瑞至蒙城，先襲破紅裡賊圩以通糧道，繼克王圩，越重壕進逼賊巢。皖軍總兵宋慶會攻，國瑞以賊壘連屬不易下，密令郭寶昌自全家集鳧水支浮橋，宋慶守之，親引軍渡河焚賊糧屯，連破數壘。沛霖夜遁，為人所殺。淮甸平，以提督記名。三年，授浙江處州鎮總兵，屯正陽關。

When Miao Peilin rebelled, Senggelinqin turned to suppress him, ordered Guorui to move out first, and Grand Canal Director Wu Tang memorialized asking that Guorui be appointed to assist in military affairs. Guorui reached Mengcheng, first stormed the rebel stockade at Hongli in a surprise attack to open the supply line, then took Wang stockade, crossed deep moats, and pressed on the rebel stronghold. Anhui Army regional commander Song Qing joined the assault. Finding the rebel forts linked together and hard to crack, Guorui secretly ordered Guo Baochang to throw a pontoon bridge across a branch of the Fushui from Quanjiaji, which Song Qing held, while he personally led troops across the river to burn rebel grain stores and stormed several forts in succession. Peilin fled by night and was killed. After the Huai region was pacified, he was placed on the list for promotion to provincial commander. In the third year he was appointed regional commander of the Chuzhou garrison in Zhejiang and stationed at Zhengyang Pass.

僧格林沁剿捻湖北不利，檄國瑞赴援，坐遷延，降三級調用，奪所部隸郭寶昌。國瑞觖望，人言其將反。八月，國瑞率千餘人謁僧格林沁於光山，請為前鋒，偕翼長成保等剿柳林大小諸寨。深入失利，國瑞力戰兩晝夜，始突圍出。追賊蘄水、蘄州、羅田、廣濟，屢捷。賊竄英山、霍山，合諸軍戰於土漠河，殲斃數千，生擒數百。時群賊因江寧已克，降散過半。敘功，復原官。四年正月，翼長恆齡追賊至魯山，遇伏，與副都統舒倫保等同日陣亡，國瑞力扼橋口，餘眾得還。

When Senggelinqin's campaign against the Nian in Hubei faltered, he summoned Guorui to the relief. Guorui was demoted three grades and reassigned for delay, and his command was transferred to Guo Baochang. Guorui brooded over the slight, and rumors spread that he would rebel. In the eighth month Guorui led more than a thousand men to see Senggelinqin at Guangshan, asked to serve as vanguard, and with wing commander Cheng Bao and others suppressed the stockades large and small at Liulin. They advanced too far and were defeated; Guorui fought hard for two days and nights before breaking out. Pursuing the rebels through Qishui, Qizhou, Luotian, and Guangji, he won victory after victory. The rebels fled into Yingshan and Huoshan; joining the other armies he fought at Tumu River, killed several thousand, and took several hundred prisoners. By then Jiangning had fallen, and more than half the bandits had surrendered or scattered. When merit was recorded, his original rank was restored. In the first month of the fourth year wing commander Hengling pursued rebels to Lushan, walked into an ambush, and fell on the same day with Vice Commander-in-Chief Shulunbao and others. Guorui held the bridge pass with all his strength and brought the survivors back.

賊犯襄城，國瑞乘夜大雪，出賊不意，火其壘，賊潰定。時賊被剿急，來往飄忽，僧格林沁率騎軍窮追，國瑞步隊從其後。三月，遇賊於確山，與諸軍合擊，大破之。賊僅餘馬隊，由遂平、西平直走睢州，過舊黃河，入山東境。僧格林沁以國瑞與郭寶昌戰最力，奏賞所部軍士各銀五千兩，又請獎寶昌遇提督簡放。詔謂國瑞確山之戰最出力，命酌量保奏。賊從台莊渡運河，遂趨江北，國瑞躡之，屯沭陽。

When rebels attacked Xiangcheng, Guorui used a night of heavy snow to catch them by surprise, burned their fort, and put them to rout. The rebels, harried by the campaign, darted back and forth; Senggelinqin led cavalry in relentless pursuit with Guorui's foot soldiers trailing behind. In the third month they met the rebels at Queshan and, joining the other armies in a combined assault, routed them. Only the rebel cavalry remained; they raced through Suiping and Xiping toward Suizhou, crossed the old Yellow River, and entered Shandong. Senggelinqin reported that Guorui and Guo Baochang had fought hardest, asked that each man in their units be rewarded with five thousand taels of silver, and recommended Baochang for appointment as provincial commander when a post opened. An edict declared that Guorui had done the most at Queshan and ordered that he be recommended for reward as appropriate. The rebels crossed the Grand Canal at Taizhuang and headed for Jiangbei; Guorui followed on their heels and encamped at Shuyang.

四月，賊复折入山東，僧格林沁戰於曹州，兵挫遇害。詔罪諸將不能救護，國瑞以受傷免議。素恃功桀驁，自僧格林沁外，罕聽節制。曾國籓奉命督師，諭戒甚切，飭赴援歸德。至濟寧，與劉銘傳交惡，發兵爭鬥，殺傷甚多，踞長溝相持不下，詔嚴斥之，亦未加之罪。國籓疏論：「曹州之役，國瑞與郭寶昌分統左右兩翼，寶昌革職拏問，國瑞不應倖免。」遂撤去幫辦軍務，褫黃馬褂，暫留處州鎮戴罪立功。尋養病淮安，益縱恣不法，欲殺義子振邦。漕運總督吳棠劾其病癲，褫職，押送回籍，收其鹽本、田產充公；存銀二萬五千兩儲湖北官庫，分年付貲生計，毋令失所，俟其病痊奏聞。既而病痊，疆吏張之萬、譚廷襄等交章論薦，召至京，予頭等侍衛。

In the fourth month the rebels turned back into Shandong; Senggelinqin fought at Caozhou, his force was beaten, and he was killed. An edict blamed the generals for failing to protect him; Guorui was excused because he had been wounded. He had long relied on his record and was proud and insubordinate; apart from Senggelinqin, he seldom obeyed anyone's orders. Zeng Guofan was ordered to take overall command; Guorui was sternly warned and ordered to hurry to relieve Guide. At Jining he quarreled with Liu Mingchuan; their troops clashed with heavy casualties, and both sides held Changgou in a stalemate. An edict sharply rebuked them, but still imposed no punishment. Zeng Guofan memorialized: "At Caozhou, Guorui and Guo Baochang commanded the left and right wings respectively. Baochang was dismissed and arrested; Guorui should not go unpunished." He was removed from assisting in military affairs, stripped of his yellow riding jacket, and kept at the Chuzhou garrison to redeem himself through service. Soon he went to Huai'an to convalesce, grew even more unruly and lawless, and tried to kill his foster son Zhenbang. Grand Canal Director Wu Tang impeached him for feigning madness; he was dismissed, escorted home, and his salt capital and land were confiscated; Twenty-five thousand taels were kept in the Hubei treasury and paid out year by year for his support so he would not be left destitute; when he recovered, this was to be reported. Before long he recovered; frontier officials including Zhang Zhiwan and Tan Tingxiang memorialized in his favor; he was summoned to the capital and made a First Class Imperial Bodyguard.

六年春，捻匪張總愚猝犯畿南，命率師迎擊。國瑞兩晝夜馳抵保定，詔嘉之。數敗賊，追至河南境。行軍輒自由，不聽節制，所部尤無紀律，屢被彈劾。擊賊於濟陽、德平，皆捷。洎捻平，悉復原職、黃馬褂、勇號，予雲騎尉世職。以傷發，乞假居揚州。

In the spring of the sixth year Nian chief Zhang Zongyu suddenly raided south of the capital; he was ordered to lead troops against him. Guorui reached Baoding in two days and two nights, and an edict praised his speed. He defeated the rebels several times and pursued them into Henan. On campaign he always did as he pleased and ignored orders; his troops were especially undisciplined, and he was impeached repeatedly. He attacked rebels at Jiyang and Deping and won both engagements. When the Nian were suppressed, all his former offices, yellow riding jacket, and brave-title were restored, and he was granted the hereditary rank of Cloud Cavalry Captain. His old wounds reopened; he asked for leave and settled at Yangzhou.

李世忠與有嫌，相閧，世忠縛諸舟，將斃之。曾國籓劾世忠，革職，國瑞降都司，勒令回籍。國瑞复潛至揚州，因總兵詹啟綸毆斃胡士禮獄，牽連論罪，戍黑龍江。逾數年，朝廷猶念舊功，以詢大學士李鴻章，鴻章謂其情性未改，精力已衰，遂不復用。光緒八年，歿於戍所。給事中鄧承修、山東巡撫福潤、安徽巡撫沈秉成、湖廣總督張之洞先後疏陳戰績，詔允复官，並於立功諸省建專祠。

Li Shizhong bore him a grudge; they quarreled, and Shizhong had him bound to a boat and was about to kill him. Zeng Guofan impeached Shizhong and had him dismissed; Guorui was demoted to battalion commander and ordered home. Guorui slipped back to Yangzhou; implicated in regional commander Zhan Qilun's beating of Hu Shili to death in prison, he was sentenced and exiled to Heilongjiang. Several years later the court still remembered his past service and consulted Grand Secretary Li Hongzhang, who said his temperament had not changed and his strength had faded; he was not employed again. In the eighth year of Guangxu he died in exile. Censor Deng Chengxu, Shandong governor Fu Run, Anhui governor Shen Bingcheng, and Huguang governor Zhang Zhidong successively memorialized his battle record; an edict restored his rank and ordered dedicated shrines built in the provinces where he had served with distinction.

郭寶昌，安徽鳳陽人。投效臨淮軍中，從戰數有功。尋改隸陳國瑞楚勝軍。咸豐十一年，國瑞擊捻匪於高郵、寶應，寶昌率驍健十八人為前鋒，陷陣得捷，又率兵三百破賊於天長龍崗，擢守備，賜花翎。同治元年正月，捻酋李成、任柱等犯清江浦，楚勝軍御之，戰車橋鎮。賊分眾劫淮關，寶昌追截，奪還所劫稅銀數万兩。賊奔還眾興集，寶昌潛師夜襲，連破二十餘壘，賊引去，擢游擊，賜號卓勇巴圖魯。捻黨劉添福等糾餘匪擾泗洲，山東棍匪亦響應，寶昌連破之汊河、沙浦莊，匪勢漸衰。二年，匪首孫化祥就擒。積功洊擢副將，楚勝軍名益著。

Guo Baochang came from Fengyang in Anhui. He joined the Linhuai army and distinguished himself in repeated campaigns. He was soon transferred to Chen Guorui's Chusheng Army. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, when Guorui fought Nian bandits at Gaoyou and Baoying, Baochang led eighteen picked men as vanguard, broke through the enemy line and won, then led three hundred troops to defeat rebels at Longgang in Tianchang. He was promoted to garrison commander and granted the peacock feather. In the first month of the first year of Tongzhi, Nian chiefs including Li Cheng and Ren Zhu attacked Qingjiangpu; the Chusheng Army met them and fought at Cheqiao Town. The rebels divided their force to raid the Huai Pass customs station; Baochang pursued and cut them off, recovering tens of thousands of taels of plundered tax silver. The rebels fled back to Zhongxingji. Baochang moved his troops in secret and struck by night, storming more than twenty camps in succession until the enemy withdrew. He was promoted to brigade general and granted the title Zhuoyong Batu'eru. Nian partisans led by Liu Tianfu rallied remnant bandits to harass Sizhou, and Shandong club-bandits answered their call. Baochang defeated them in turn at Chahe and Shapuzhuang, and the bandits' strength gradually faded. In the second year the bandit chief Sun Huaxiang was taken. For repeated merit he was promoted again and again to deputy commander, and the Chusheng Army's fame grew ever greater.

僧格林沁調令助剿白蓮池、鳳凰山，從陳國瑞迭出奇兵力戰，生擒賊首劉雙印，斬其黨劉金春等於陣。任柱糾棍匪、教匪諸黨來援，並擊走之。白蓮池平，論功，以總兵記名。移軍剿苗沛霖。寶昌偕陳國瑞先至，攻破王家圩，渡河築三壘，與賊對峙，斷其餽運。賊悉銳來爭，擊卻之，賊氣奪。大軍至，諸圩以次下，沛霖走死，加提督銜。

Senggelinqin ordered him to help suppress White Lotus Pool and Fenghuang Mountain. Serving under Chen Guorui, he again and again sent out surprise detachments and fought hard, taking the rebel chief Liu Shuangyin alive and cutting down Liu Jinchun and other followers in battle. Ren Zhu rallied club-bandits, sect rebels, and other factions to the rescue, but Baochang drove them all off. When White Lotus Pool was pacified, his merit earned him registration for promotion to regional commander. He shifted his army to suppress Miao Peilin. Baochang and Chen Guorui arrived first, stormed Wangjia Stockade, crossed the river and built three forts, held the rebels at bay, and severed their supply lines. The rebels threw their best troops into the fight; he beat them back and broke their morale. When the main army arrived the stockades fell one after another, Peilin fled to his death, and Baochang was given the rank of provincial commander.

三年，調援湖北，與陳國瑞分軍，名曰卓勝營，始獨當一面。八月，粵、捻諸匪由湖北入安徽，至英山東北，寶昌合諸軍敗之黑石渡。賊首馬融和擁眾十萬，議投誠，未決。寶昌單騎入其營，曉譬禍福，融和即日降。事聞，賜黃馬褂。四年，從僧格林沁轉戰楚、豫之交，功多，特奏保提督記名。尋以曹州之敗，詔斥不能救護主將，革職遣戍新疆。五年，曾國籓、喬松年奏請免發遣，留營效力。六年，從喬松年赴陝西，偕提督劉松山剿回匪於臨平，克之。

In the third year he was sent to reinforce Hubei. He and Chen Guorui split their forces into the Zhuosheng Camp, and for the first time Baochang held an independent command. In the eighth month Cantonese rebels and Nian bandits entered Anhui from Hubei and reached the northeast of Yingshan; Baochang combined with the other armies and defeated them at Heishidu. The rebel chief Ma Ronghe commanded a force of one hundred thousand and debated surrender, but had not yet made up his mind. Baochang rode alone into the camp, explained the rewards and risks of each course, and Ronghe surrendered that same day. When the report reached the court, he was granted a yellow riding jacket. In the fourth year he campaigned with Senggelinqin back and forth on the Hubei-Henan border. His merit was considerable, and he was specially recommended and registered for promotion to provincial commander. Soon afterward, after the defeat at Caozhou, an edict rebuked him for failing to protect his commander; he was stripped of office and banished to Xinjiang. In the fifth year Zeng Guofan and Qiao Songnian memorialized asking that he be spared banishment and kept with the army to serve. In the sixth year he followed Qiao Songnian to Shaanxi and, together with provincial commander Liu Songshan, suppressed Muslim rebels at Linping and took the place.

捻魁張總愚率眾萬餘犯富平，寶昌縱間伺隙出奇襲之。令部將宋朝儒等設伏村墟，自率親軍挑戰，伏起夾擊，斬馘數千，又敗賊於大荔大濠，復原官、勇號。進复綏德州，授安徽壽春鎮總兵。七年春，捻匪由山西、河南直犯畿輔，寶昌馳援，日行百餘裡，抄出賊前抵保定。賊至，見官軍盛，引去，晉號法凌阿巴圖魯。躡賊入河南，敗之封丘、黃河套。張總愚匿村舍中，寶昌單騎獨出，突遇賊，受傷墮馬，部將宋朝儒翼之出。事聞，予假兩月調理，賜尚方珍藥。未幾，捻匪平，复黃馬褂，以提督簡放，予騎都尉世職。命從左宗棠赴陝西剿回匪。

The Nian chief Zhang Zongyu led more than ten thousand men against Fuping; Baochang sent out spies, watched for an opening, and struck with a surprise attack. He ordered his officers Song Chaoru and others to lie in ambush in a village hamlet while he personally led his guard to provoke battle. When the ambush sprang up and struck from both sides, several thousand were killed. He defeated the rebels again at Dali Daohao, and his original rank and brave-title were restored. Pressing forward, he recovered Suide Prefecture and was appointed commander-in-chief of the Shouchun garrison in Anhui. In the spring of the seventh year Nian bandits from Shanxi and Henan marched straight on the capital region. Baochang raced to the relief, covering more than a hundred li a day, cut ahead of the enemy, and reached Baoding. When the rebels arrived and saw the government force in strength, they withdrew. Baochang was advanced to the title Falin'a Batu'eru. Pursuing the rebels into Henan, he defeated them at Fengqiu and in the Yellow River bend. Zhang Zongyu hid in a village house. Baochang rode out alone, suddenly ran into rebels, was wounded and thrown from his horse, and his officer Song Chaoru shielded him and brought him out. When the report reached the court, he was granted two months' leave to recover and given precious medicine from the imperial pharmacy. Before long the Nian were pacified. His yellow riding jacket was restored, he was selected for appointment as provincial commander, and he was granted the hereditary rank of Cavalry Commandant. He was ordered to follow Zuo Zongtang to Shaanxi to suppress Muslim rebels.

八年，傷愈，西行，破賊於宜川，平綏德州叛卒。回匪東趨，命赴山西防河。九年，河西土匪起，寶昌渡河擊破其眾。奉檄搜捕北山土匪，悉平。十年，赴壽春鎮任。十一年，霍丘蔡家集土匪李六倡亂，率輕騎百人往剿，誅渠魁而還。事定，加頭品頂戴。光緒二年，平永城、渦陽土匪，被優敘。寶昌剿捻功最多，鎮壽春先後三十年，淮北恃為保障。調廣東南韶鎮，未任，尋還故官。俄羅斯、法蘭西、日本三次開兵釁，調防南北，事定仍回本任。二十六年，卒於官，賜卹。

In the eighth year, once his wounds had healed, he went west, defeated rebels at Yichuan, and pacified the mutinous garrison at Suide Prefecture. When Muslim rebels moved eastward, he was ordered to Shanxi to guard the river. In the ninth year bandits rose west of the river; Baochang crossed over and broke their force. Ordered to hunt down bandits in the northern hills, he pacified them all. In the tenth year he took up his post at the Shouchun garrison. In the eleventh year the bandit Li Liu of Caijiaji in Huoqiu raised a revolt. Baochang led a hundred light cavalry to suppress it, executed the ringleaders, and returned. When the affair was settled, he was granted the first-rank cap button. In the second year of Guangxu he pacified bandits at Yongcheng and Woyang and received preferential commendation. Baochang's merit against the Nian was the greatest of all; he held Shouchun on and off for thirty years, and northern Huai looked to him as its shield. He was transferred to the Nanshao garrison in Guangdong but never took up the post; soon afterward he returned to his former command. When Russia, France, and Japan opened hostilities on three separate occasions, he was shifted to defend north and south; when each crisis passed he returned to his original post. In the twenty-sixth year he died in office and was granted a condolence pension.

論曰：秦定三、鄭魁士並向榮得力之將，和春克廬州，悉賴二人，遂與皖事終始。桐城之潰，由於爭餉不和，亦疆臣無調度之方以致之。傅振邦老於軍事，持重無失。邱聯恩名將之子，在豫軍中最號忠勇。陳國瑞勇足冠軍，剽悍不受繩尺，不能以功名終。郭寶昌戰績亦與並稱，材武不及，而器量差勝焉。

The commentators say: Qin Dingsan and Zheng Kuishi were both able generals under Xiang Rong. Hechun's capture of Luzhou depended entirely on the two of them, and so they were bound up with Anhui affairs from first to last. The collapse at Tongcheng came of quarrels over supplies and mutual ill will, and also of frontier officials' failure to coordinate—a want of command that brought disaster. Fu Zhenbang was a veteran of war, steady and never at fault. Qiu Lian'en was the son of a famous general and was famed in the Henan army above all for loyalty and courage. Chen Guorui's courage topped the army, but he was fierce and wild, accepting no restraint, and could not end his career with honor intact. Guo Baochang's battle record stood with the best of them; in talent and martial prowess he fell short, but in breadth of character he was somewhat the better.

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