1
列傳二百七十四
Biographies 274
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忠義一
Loyal and Righteous 1
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特音珠阿巴泰固山僧錫等納密達炳圖等書寧阿感濟泰等
Te Yinzhu, A Batai, Gushan, Sengxi and others; Namida, Bingtu and others; Shuning'a, Ganjitai and others
4
穆護薩覺羅蘭泰等索爾和諾齋薩穆等席爾泰滿達理
Muhusa, Jueluo Lantai and others; Suo'erhenuo, Zhaisamu and others; Xi'ertai, Mandali
5
卓納納海覺羅鄂博惠覺羅阿賚等同阿爾
Zhuona, Nahai; Jueluo E'bohui, Jueluo Alai and others; Tong A'er
6
董廷元弟廷儒廷柏常鼎白忠順等格布庫阿爾津等
Dong Tingyuan; younger brothers Tingru and Tingbai; Chang Ding; Bai Zhongshun and others; Gebuku, A'erjin and others
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濟三瑚密色等敦達里安達里許友信成升等
Jisan; Humise and others; Dundali; Andali; Xu Youxin; Chengsheng and others
8
清天命、天聰年間，明御史張銓，監軍道張春，均以被擒不屈，聽其自盡，載諸實錄，風厲天下。 厥後以明臣來歸者，有功亦入貳臣傳； 死軍事之尤烈者，於京師祀昭忠祠：褒貶嚴矣。 文武一二品以上，既入大臣傳，以下則另編忠義傳，列翰林院職掌，凡自一二品以下，或死守土，或死臨陣，備載出身、官階、殉難時地，及予諡、建祠、贈官、廕後。 二百數十年，綜八千餘人，略以類別。
In the Tianming and Tiancong periods, the Ming censor Zhang Quan and the army supervisor Zhang Chun were taken prisoner yet refused to submit; the court let them kill themselves and entered the fact in the Veritable Records—a deed that stirred the whole kingdom. Afterward, Ming officials who defected to the Qing were entered in the Biographies of Twice-Serving Ministers even when they had rendered great service; those who died most heroically in battle were honored at the Zhaozhong Shrine in the capital—the standards of praise and blame were exacting. Civil and military officials of the first and second rank and above already had biographies among the great ministers; those below were compiled separately in the Loyal and Righteous biographies under the Hanlin Academy. From the second rank downward, all who died defending their territory or died in battle had their origins, offices, places and times of martyrdom, posthumous titles, shrine foundations, posthumous promotions, and ennoblement of descendants fully recorded. Over roughly two hundred years, more than eight thousand persons were gathered and sorted briefly by category.
9
入關之先，如降服烏喇、哈達、索倫、葉赫諸部落為特音珠等二十人是。 徵朝鮮則勞漢等十人是。 其伐明也，自天命三年至崇德八年，始克撫順，屢偪近畿，分下山西、山東諸郡縣，尤以瀋陽、大凌河、皮島、松山數役為大，為西佛萊百六十二人是。
Before the entry into China proper, such as those who subdued the Ula, Hada, Solon, and Yehe tribes—Te Yinzhu and twenty others. The campaign against Korea—Lao Han and ten others. Campaigns against the Ming, from the third year of Tianming through the eighth year of Chongde, first took Fushun, repeatedly pressed the capital region, and swept Shanxi and Shandong prefectures and counties, with the battles of Shenyang, Dalinghe, Pidao, and Songshan especially great—Xifo and 162 others.
10
順治元年，定鼎燕京，後追擊流賊、奠定各省者，為恩克伊等一千二百四十五人。
In the first year of Shunzhi, when the capital was fixed at Yanjing, those who afterward pursued the roving bandits and settled the provinces—Enkeyi and 1,245 others.
11
康熙朝，討平逆籓及殲滅附逆諸鎮將，為索諾穆等九百四十七人。 親征噶爾丹之役，為富成額等百人。 厄魯特之役，為諾里爾達等五十五人。 羅剎、西藏諸役，為紐默淳等七人。 平各省土賊及海寇、苗、瑤諸役，先後為郝爾德等二百八十五人。
In the Kangxi reign, those who suppressed the rebellious princes and destroyed the regional commanders who joined them—Suonuomu and 947 others. The campaign in which the emperor personally marched against Galdan—Fucheng'e and 100 others. The Oirat campaigns—Nuolierda and 55 others. Campaigns against the Russians and in Tibet—Niumuchun and 7 others. Campaigns to pacify local bandits in the provinces and against sea raiders, Miao, and Yao—successively Haoerde and 285 others.
12
雍正朝，承康熙徵厄魯特之役，用兵準噶爾，為和溥等三百六十二人。 其先青海之役，為姬登第等十四人。 外則滇、黔、蜀、桂土司苗亂與夫台灣土番等役，為劉洪度等二百十三人。
In the Yongzheng reign, continuing the Kangxi campaigns against the Oirats and employing troops in Dzungaria—He Pu and 362 others. Earlier, the Qinghai campaign—Ji Dengdi and 14 others. Externally, the Miao rebellions of the native chieftains in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Guangxi, and campaigns against the Taiwan aborigines—Liu Hongdu and 213 others.
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乾隆朝，始蕩平準部，旋戡定回疆，則為傅澤布等五百十二人。 初年，湖南苗亂，為李如松等十五人。 廣西土賊，為倪國正等十人。 瞻對土司之亂，為陳文華等十三人。 隨傅清、拉布敦同死西藏，為策塔爾等六人。 金川用兵，其初定也，為楊先春等百又四人； 其再定也，為佔闢納等八百五人。 緬甸用兵，為馬成龍等百六十七人。 安南用兵，為英林等百六十人。 廓爾喀用兵，為索多爾凱等七十六人。 逆回蘇十三、田五之亂，為新柱等百又十人。 山東王倫之亂，有音濟圖等十八人。 台灣林爽文及陳周全之亂，有耿世文等百五十九人。 黔、楚等省苗亂及川、楚、陝三省教匪，均始乾隆末年，而定於嘉慶，苗亂有六達色等二百七十八人； 教匪之亂，為楊治寧等七百四十二人。 仲苗滋事，為胡慶遠等百十三人。 閩、粵洋面蔡牽之亂，為陳名魁等六十七人。 先後以巡洋遇風死者，為黃勇等十七人。 滑縣李文成之亂，為強克捷等六十三人。 追剿陝匪及瞻對永北廳夷匪等役，為馬魁等十四人。 馬營壩搶險者盧順。
In the Qianlong reign, first pacifying the Dzungar region and then suppressing the Muslim frontier—Fu Zebu and 512 others. Early in the reign, the Miao rebellion in Hunan—Li Rusong and 15 others. Bandits in Guangxi—Ni Guozheng and 10 others. The rebellion of the Zhandui native chieftain—Chen Wenhua and 13 others. Those who died in Tibet together with Fu Qing and Labudun—Cetar and 6 others. The Jinchuan campaigns: in the first pacification—Yang Xianchun and 104 others; in the second pacification—Zhanbina and 805 others. The Burma campaign—Ma Chenglong and 167 others. The Annam campaign—Ying Lin and 160 others. The Gurkha campaign—Suoduo'erkai and 76 others. The Muslim rebellions of Su Shisan and Tian Wu—Xin Zhu and 110 others. The rebellion of Wang Lun in Shandong—Yinjitu and 18 others. The rebellions of Lin Shuangwen and Chen Zhouquan in Taiwan—Geng Shiwen and 159 others. The Miao rebellions in Guizhou, Huguang, and other provinces and the sectarian bandits in Sichuan, Huguang, and Shaanxi all began in the late Qianlong reign and were settled in the Jiaqing reign; the Miao rebellions—Liudase and 278 others; the sectarian rebellions—Yang Zhining and 742 others. Disturbances among the Zhong Miao—Hu Qingyuan and 113 others. The rebellion of Cai Qian on the Fujian and Guangdong seas—Chen Mingkui and 67 others. Those who died in succession while on coastal patrol in storms—Huang Yong and 17 others. The rebellion of Li Wencheng in Huaxian—Qiang Kejie and 63 others. Campaigns to pursue bandits in Shaanxi and the Yi bandits of Zhandui and Yongbei Subprefecture—Ma Kui and 14 others. Lu Shun, who rushed to save the dyke at Mayingba.
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道光重定回疆一役，為劉發恆等二百六人。 江華瑤滋事，為馬韜等五人。 陝、甘番滋事，為胡文秀等十三人。 雲南永昌回匪滋事，為硃日恭等九人。 台灣嘉義土匪，為方振聲等七人。 山西曹順之亂，為楊延亮等。 英吉利開釁，為硃貴等八十八人。 發匪之亂，熾於咸豐而殄於同治，其先為廣西會匪，始道光季年，為王叔元等五十一人。 已而竄陷各省，為褚汝航等五百七十九人。 捻匪之亂，為龍汝元等七十八人。
The Daoguang campaign to re-pacify the Muslim frontier—Liu Faheng and 206 others. Disturbances among the Yao at Jianghua—Ma Tao and 5 others. Disturbances among the frontier tribes in Shaanxi and Gansu—Hu Wenxiu and 13 others. Muslim bandit disturbances in Yongchang, Yunnan—Zhu Rigong and 9 others. Bandits in Jiayi, Taiwan—Fang Zhensheng and 7 others. The rebellion of Cao Shun in Shanxi—Yang Yanliang and others. When England opened hostilities—Zhu Gui and 88 others. The Taiping rebellion, raging in the Xianfeng reign and extinguished in the Tongzhi reign, began earlier as the secret-society bandits of Guangxi in the late Daoguang years—Wang Shuyuan and 51 others. Then they spread and seized provinces—Chu Ruhang and 579 others. The Nian rebellion—Long Ruyuan and 78 others.
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咸豐、同治之交，滇匪滋事，為林廷禧等四十二人。
At the transition between the Xianfeng and Tongzhi reigns, bandit disturbances in Yunnan—Lin Tingxi and 42 others.
16
同治朝，甘肅回匪滋事，為訥勒和春等三十七人。
In the Tongzhi reign, Muslim bandit disturbances in Gansu—Ne Lehechun and 37 others.
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其自嘉慶迄光緒先後剿辦各省匪徒等役，為和致等三十八人。 咸豐換約起釁，殉淀園者，為覺羅貴倫、玉潤等。 辦匪而以勞卒者，為李文安等十三人。 蓋原傳可數者如此。 中以不從尚之信叛而死之金光，私家傳述，心跡殊異，則出以存疑。
From the Jiaqing through the Guangxu reigns, successive campaigns to suppress bandits in the provinces—He Zhi and 38 others. When the treaty revision of the Xianfeng reign provoked hostilities, those who died at the Garden of Clear Ripples—Jueluo Guilun, Yurun, and others. Those who died of exhaustion while suppressing bandits—Li Wen'an and 13 others. Such are those who can be counted in the original biographies. Among them, Jin Guang, who died for refusing to join Shang Zhixin's rebellion, is treated separately to preserve doubt, because private accounts differ greatly as to his motives.
18
將帥之死事者，既有專傳，凡上列諸人之義烈尤著者，與夫官書既漏而不能無紀載者，則別編為傳，觕見本末。 若夫道光以後死於外釁，及光緒庚子拳亂，宣統辛亥革命，於義宜詳，並備列之，用資後鑑雲。
Generals and commanders who died in service already have separate biographies; among those listed above whose loyalty was especially outstanding, and those whom official records omitted yet who cannot go unrecorded, separate biographies are compiled to show the outline of events. As for those who died in foreign wars after Daoguang, the Boxer rising of the Gengzi year in Guangxu, and the Xinhai Revolution in Xuantong, their righteousness should be set forth in detail and all are included here for the instruction of posterity.
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特音珠，滿洲鑲藍旗人，姓完顏。 清初，偕阿巴泰來歸。 阿巴泰，姓覺爾察，屬滿洲正白旗。 太祖始編佐領，以特音珠兼管六佐領事，設札爾固齊十人，阿巴泰預焉。 乙未年，特音珠從額駙揚古利徵輝發部，奪塔思哈橋，掌纛者中砲僕，佐領五岱代舉之。 薄城，為飛石所中，與額駙托柏、佐領和羅俱歿於陣。 特音珠先登，克其多璧城。 己亥年，從征哈達，城上矢石如雨，佐領耶陳奮勇登，被戕，特音珠在事有功。 庚戌年，阿巴泰從內大臣額亦都招撫東海窩集部之那木都祿、綏芬、寧古塔、尼瑪察四路，降其長康古哩等。 復取雅蘭路，阿巴泰力戰陣亡。
Te Yinzhu was a Manchu of the Bordered Blue Banner, surname Wanyan. In the early Qing, he came over together with A Batai. A Batai, surname Jue'ercha, belonged to the Manchu Plain White Banner. When the Taizu first organized company captains, Te Yinzhu was put in charge of six companies; ten jaruguci were appointed, and A Batai was among them. In the yimao year, Te Yinzhu followed the imperial son-in-law Yangguli in campaigning against the Huifa tribe, seized the Tasiha Bridge, and when the standard-bearer was struck down by cannon fire, company captain Wudai raised the banner in his place. Pressing close to the wall, he was struck by a flying stone; together with the imperial son-in-law Tuobo and company captain Heluo he died in battle. Te Yinzhu was the first to ascend and captured their Duobi walled town. In the jihai year, campaigning against Hada, arrows and stones rained from the walls; company captain Yechen climbed bravely and was killed, while Te Yinzhu distinguished himself in the action. In the gengxu year, A Batai followed the inner minister Eidu in winning over the four routes of Namudulu, Suifen, Ningguta, and Nimacha among the Eastern Sea Woji tribes, and their chiefs Kanguli and others submitted. He then took the Yalan route, and A Batai fought fiercely and died in battle.
20
辛亥年，特音珠從揚古利攻呼爾哈路札庫塔城，三等侍衛貝和，佐領貴三、松阿里戰歿，特音珠負創，戰益力。 三等侍衛阿達海先登，克其城，阿達海，額亦都第五子也。 癸丑年，烏拉貝勒布佔泰負恩叛，大兵討之，布佔泰率兵三萬由富哈城而東，特音珠、阿達海率護衛業中額等邀擊之。 阿達海、業中額及閒散米拉渾均歿於陣，大兵敗布佔泰，遂平烏拉，特音珠尋以創發卒。 徵烏拉之役，死事者有阿蘭珠、納蘭察，均自有傳。
In the xinhai year, Te Yinzhu followed Yangguli in attacking the Zhakuta walled town on the Hurha route; third-rank bodyguard Beihe and company captains Guisan and Song'ali died in battle; Te Yinzhu was wounded yet fought all the harder. Third-rank bodyguard Adahai was the first to ascend and captured the town; Adahai was the fifth son of Eidu. In the guichou year, the Ula beile Buzhantai rebelled ingratefully and the main army marched against him; Buzhantai led thirty thousand troops east from Fuha walled town, and Te Yinzhu and Adahai led bodyguards Yazhong'e and others to intercept him. Adahai, Yazhong'e, and the unattached officer Milahun all died in battle; the main army defeated Buzhantai and pacified Ula; Te Yinzhu soon died when his wounds reopened. In the campaign against Ula, those who died in service include Alanzhu and Nalancha, each with his own biography.
21
固山，滿洲正黃旗人，姓哲爾德，世居界凡。 初任佐領，天聰三年，徵明，固山偕驍騎校僧錫、閒散達蘭從揚古利為前哨，攻永平、遵化。 達蘭先登，圍明都，固山步戰大紅門，上下高坡，騰躍如飛，明兵奪氣，涿州援兵至，敗之。 崇德元年，复隨揚古利徵明，攻順義，僧錫先登。 十二月，太宗親征朝鮮，豫親王多鐸等先驅，圍其國都，固山等從，屢斬馘。 朝鮮國王李倧遁南漢，追圍之。 太宗至臨津江，冬暖冰泮，多鐸令僧錫等潛測江水，欲浮馬以濟。 僧錫等夜至，大風，冰复堅，還報，大軍安驅而渡，抵南漢山城西。 二年正月，全羅、忠清兩道巡撫、總兵來援，多鐸與揚古利迎戰，揚古利率僧錫冒霧馳擊，援兵敗走。 复依山列陣，矢石如雨，僧錫與雲騎尉鄂海，參領特穆爾，佐領弼雅達、阿紐、都敏俱力戰，歿於陣。
Gushan was a Manchu of the Plain Yellow Banner, surname Zhe'erde, long resident at Jiefan. He first served as company captain; in the third year of Tiancong, campaigning against the Ming, Gushan together with brave-rider commandant Sengxi and the unattached officer Dalan followed Yangguli as vanguard and attacked Yongping and Zunhua. Dalan was the first to ascend; besieging the Ming capital, Gushan fought on foot at the Dahong Gate, scaling high slopes and leaping like flight; the Ming troops lost heart; when Zhuozhou reinforcements arrived, he defeated them. In the first year of Chongde, he again followed Yangguli against the Ming, attacked Shunyi, and Sengxi was the first to ascend. In the twelfth month, the Taizong personally campaigned against Korea; Prince Yu Dodo and others went ahead, besieged the Korean capital, and Gushan and others followed, repeatedly cutting down the enemy. The Korean king Li Jong fled to Nanhan, and they pursued and besieged him. The Taizong reached the Imjin River; the winter was warm and the ice had melted; Dodo ordered Sengxi and others secretly to measure the river, intending to float horses across. Sengxi and others arrived at night; a great wind came and the ice froze solid again; they returned to report, and the main army crossed safely and reached the west of Nanhan Mountain walled town. In the first month of the second year, the grand coordinators and regional commanders of Jeolla and Chungcheong came to the rescue; Dodo and Yangguli met them in battle; Yangguli led Sengxi to charge through the fog, and the relief army was routed. They again drew up their lines along the hills; arrows and stones fell like rain; Sengxi, together with cloud-rider commandant Ehai, deputy commander Temuer, and company captains Biyada, Aniu, and Dumin, all fought fiercely and died in battle.
22
進偪山頂敵營，敵兵棄馬遁。 達蘭率二十人乘夜用雲梯襲南漢山城，先登，中槍卒。 又命分兵攻江華島，將渡江，敵船百餘，分兩翼以拒，舟師從中衝入。 固山手發紅衣砲，皆敗竄，既登岸，鳥槍手千人，复列岸以拒，固山力戰陣亡。 大兵繼進，盡殲其岸兵，遂克江華島。 李倧降，朝鮮以定。
Pressing on the enemy camp at the hilltop, the enemy troops abandoned their horses and fled. Dalan led twenty men by night with scaling ladders to assault Nanhan Mountain walled town, was the first to ascend, was struck by a musket, and died. They were again ordered to divide forces and attack Ganghwa Island; as they were about to cross the river, more than a hundred enemy ships divided into two wings to resist, and the fleet charged in from the center. Gushan personally fired the red-coated cannon; all were routed; after landing, a thousand musketeers again lined the shore to resist; Gushan fought fiercely and died in battle. The main army pressed on, annihilated all the shore troops, and thus captured Ganghwa Island. Li Jong submitted, and Korea was settled.
23
納密達，滿洲鑲白旗人，姓索綽羅，世居吉林。 天聰八年，從大兵徵明，攻雄縣，梯城首登。 崇德元年，親征朝鮮，明總兵沈世魁、副總兵金日觀駐皮島，為朝鮮援。 納密達偕閒散扈習從攻南漢城，有功。 二年正月，朝鮮降，世魁等不能救。 先是明帥毛文龍據皮島，欲牽掣我師。 既而文龍為巡撫袁崇煥所殺，世魁代領其眾，失士卒心，勢益弱，猶乘間擾邊。
Namida was a Manchu of the Bordered White Banner, surname Suochuo'luo, long resident at Jilin. In the eighth year of Tiancong, he followed the main army against the Ming, attacked Xiong County, and was the first to ascend the wall by ladder. In the first year of Chongde, on the personal campaign against Korea, Ming regional commander Shen Shikui and vice-commander Jin Riguan were stationed at Pidao as Korean reinforcements. Namida together with the unattached officer Huxi followed in the attack on Nanhan walled town and distinguished himself. In the first month of the second year, Korea submitted, and Shikui and the others could not rescue it. Earlier, Ming commander Mao Wenlong had occupied Pidao, hoping to pin down our forces. Wenlong was later executed by Grand Secretary Yuan Chonghuan. Shikui succeeded him in command but lost the troops' confidence, and though his position grew ever weaker, he still raided the frontier whenever he could.
24
三月，命武英郡王阿濟格、貝子碩託，率恭順王孔有德、智順王尚可喜等攻皮島，以納密達及護軍參領炳圖為前隊，佐領巴雅爾圖、武爾格以大臣子弟從征。 巴雅爾圖，額駙揚古利之從子； 武爾格，弘毅公額亦都之孫，內大臣圖爾格之子也。 師攻鐵山，頭等侍衛拜音台柱、佐領珠三先登，克之。 世魁遁入石城。
In the third month, Prince Ajige of the Wuying Division and Prince Suotuo were ordered to attack Pidao at the head of Kong Youde, Prince Gongshun, Shang Kexi, Prince Zhishun, and others. Namida and Garrison Commander Bingtu led the vanguard, while Assistant Commandants Bayartu and Wuerge—both sons of high ministers—went with the expedition. Bayartu was a nephew of the imperial son-in-law Yangguli; Wuerge was a grandson of Duke E'yidu of Hongyi and the son of Grand Minister Tulge. The army assaulted Tieshan, where First-Class Guard Bayintai and Assistant Commandant Zhu San led the climb and captured the place. Shikui fled into Shicheng.
25
四月，阿濟格令納密達等乘小舟攻皮島西北隅，日觀列兵堡上。 衝入，將及岸，巴雅爾圖、武爾格躍登，明人辟易，納密達、炳圖並登，而後隊金玉和等不進。 日觀見師少，復進戰，武爾格陣亡。 納密達等往來衝突，拜音台柱、珠三及護軍校彰吉泰急棹小舟登岸援之，明入空城出戰，納密達、巴雅爾圖、炳圖、拜音台柱、珠三、彰吉泰並戰歿。 有德等乘巨艦攻東北隅，日觀殊死鬥，有德等部將洪文魁等多戰死，阿濟格麾八旗騎兵蹴之，護軍參領瑚什、雲騎尉果科暨扈習奮勇先入，歿於陣，大兵繼之，陣斬日觀，追擊世魁，戮之。 是役也，敗明兵一萬七千有奇，俘三千餘，自是明不復守皮島。
In the fourth month, Ajige had Namida and his men attack the northwest corner of Pidao in small boats while Riguan lined the fort with troops. As the boats closed on shore, Bayartu and Wuerge leaped aboard; the Ming defenders fell back, and Namida and Bingtu gained the wall as well—but the rear column under Jin Yuhe and others hung back. Seeing how few attackers had landed, Riguan pressed the fight again, and Wuerge was killed in the clash. Namida and his men fought back and forth across the beachhead until Bayintai, Zhu San, and Garrison Sergeant Zhangjitai raced ashore in small boats to reinforce them. The Ming then poured out of the seemingly empty fort to counterattack, and Namida, Bayartu, Bingtu, Bayintai, Zhu San, and Zhangjitai all fell. Youde and his men meanwhile attacked the northeast corner in large warships. Riguan fought to the death, and many of Youde's officers, including Hong Wenkui, were killed. Ajige then drove the Eight Banners cavalry forward; Garrison Commander Hushi, Cloud-Cavalry Commandant Guoke, and Huxi broke in first and died in the assault. The main force followed, Riguan was slain in the field, Shikui was hunted down and executed. In that engagement more than seventeen thousand Ming soldiers were routed and over three thousand taken prisoner. Afterward the Ming never again held Pidao.
26
書寧阿，滿洲正黃旗人，姓札庫塔。 崇德三年八月，命睿親王多爾袞統左翼，貝勒岳託統右翼，分道徵明。 書寧阿以佐領偕騎都尉感濟泰、參領扈敏屬右翼。 九月，攻牆子嶺，感濟泰力戰，歿於陣。 師入青山口，攻豐順護軍校扈護、巴雅拉，攻靈壽閒散噶普碩，攻南皮騎都尉阿延圖，攻深州閒散巴林，均戰歿。 岳託攻欒城，明督師盧像升來援，書寧阿乘其未至，麾眾薄其城，護衛袞布躍登城樓，火藥發，焚死。 書寧阿复衝入，克其城。 轉戰，下慶都，奮勇陷陣，被戕。
Shuning'a was a Manchu of the Plain Yellow Banner and bore the surname Zhakuta. In the eighth month of Chongde 3, Prince Regent Dorgon was placed in command of the Left Wing and Prince Yoto of the Right Wing for a two-pronged invasion of Ming territory. Shuning'a went as an Assistant Commandant on the Right Wing alongside Cavalry Commandant Genjitai and Company Commander Humyn. In the ninth month they assaulted Qiangziling, where Genjitai fought hard and was killed. The army entered Qingshankou and fought its way forward: at Fengshun, Garrison Sergeant Huhu and Bayala fell; at Lingshou, Idle Bannerman Gapushuo; at Nanpi, Cavalry Commandant Ayantu; and at Shenzhou, Idle Bannerman Balin. Yoto besieged Luancheng as Ming Grand Secretary Lu Xiangsheng marched to its relief. Before Lu arrived, Shuning'a pressed up to the walls; Guard Gunbu vaulted onto a tower, but gunpowder detonated and he was burned alive. Shuning'a charged in again and captured the city. In the fighting that followed he captured Qingdu, but while charging the enemy lines he was cut down.
27
十二月，兩翼連營大戰鉅鹿之賈莊，像升戰死。 於是分徇山東，四年正月，左翼克濟南，右翼分兵略地，破茌平護軍三晉、破臨清佐領花應春、破館陶佐領佟桂、破濟寧佐領祖大春、破鄒縣佐領尚安福、破滕縣騎都尉傅察，俱歿於陣。 二月，大軍還，扈敏復攻破首陽及順德，負重傷，戰益力。 還至永平，與佐領巴海、烏納海俱遇伏，死之。 騎都尉阿爾休隨大軍同徇山東，克濟南，復從承政索海徵索倫，陣亡。
In the twelfth month the two wings joined forces for a major battle at Jiazhuang in Julu, where Lu Xiangsheng was killed. The armies then swept through Shandong. In the first month of the fourth year the Left Wing captured Jinan while the Right Wing sent detachments to overrun the countryside. At Chiping, Garrison Sergeant Sanjin fell; at Linqing, Assistant Commandant Hua Yingchun; at Guantao, Assistant Commandant Tong Gui; at Jining, Assistant Commandant Zu Dachun; at Zou County, Assistant Commandant Shang Anfu; and at Teng County, Cavalry Commandant Fucha. In the second month, on the march home, Humyn again broke Shouyang and Shunde. Though badly wounded, he fought harder than ever. Near Yongping on the return march he, Assistant Commandant Bahai, and Assistant Commandant Wunahai all walked into an ambush and were killed. Cavalry Commandant A'erxiu joined the Shandong campaign, helped take Jinan, and later followed Minister Suohai against the Solon, dying in battle.
28
穆護薩，滿洲正黃旗人，姓賴布，世居佛阿拉。 崇德五年，以武備院卿從大兵徵明，距錦州城五里列陣，以砲攻城北晾馬台，克之。 七月，睿親王多爾袞遣卒刈城西北禾稼，明兵突出，槍砲並施，穆護薩與護軍參領覺羅蘭泰、署護軍參領溫察力戰，明兵大潰，追至壕，掩殺之，克台九，及小凌河西岸台二。 錦州外城蒙古貝勒諾木齊等見大兵困城，志必得，謀來降，遂持書縋城下，約內應。 信洩，大兵至，明總兵祖大壽出拒戰，城內蒙古縋繩，前隊援之以登，吹角夾攻，穆護薩躍上，被創卒。 覺羅蘭泰、參領宏科俱陣歿。 鏖戰久，明師退守內城，大兵遂入外城。
Muhusa was a Manchu of the Plain Yellow Banner, of the Laibu clan, whose family had long lived at Fe Ala. In Chongde 5 he went against the Ming as Director of the Armory. The army encamped five li from Jinzhou and shelled the Liangmatan north of the city until it fell. In the seventh month Dorgon sent men to cut grain northwest of the city. Ming troops burst out with muskets and cannon, but Muhusa, Garrison Commander Lan Tai of the Aisin Gioro clan, and Acting Garrison Commander Wenchai held firm. The Ming line collapsed; pursuit carried to the moat, where the fugitives were cut down. Nine redoubts fell, along with two more on the west bank of the Xiaoling River. Nomochi and other Mongol beile in Jinzhou's outer town, seeing the besiegers' resolve to take the city, plotted to defect. They lowered a letter from the wall to arrange a rising within. The plot leaked. When the main force arrived, Ming Grand Commander Zu Dashou marched out to fight back. Mongols inside lowered ropes, the vanguard helped them up the wall, and horns signaled a coordinated assault. Muhusa scaled the ramparts but was mortally wounded. Lan Tai of the Aisin Gioro clan and Company Commander Hongke were both killed in the fighting. After hours of hard fighting the Ming withdrew into the inner city, and the besiegers took the outer town.
29
明年五月，明總督洪承疇率六總兵兵六萬來援，屯松山北岡，擊斬其二千，敵勢猶勁，騎都尉旦岱、參領彰庫善、三等侍衛博朔岱陷陣死。 八月，大軍駐松山、杏山間，立營截大路。 承疇率馬步兵十三萬，營松山城北亂峰岡，旋犯汛地。 閒散輝蘭同參領囊古擊卻之。 參領阿福尼越眾衝突，負重傷，猶斬將奪幟，諸軍繼之，敵奔塔山，遂進兵松山城外。 十二月，承疇以兵六千夜至，輝蘭奮殺，既出，復進擊，與溫察、啟心郎邁圖皆歿，复沿壕射擊，殺四百餘人，敵退入松山城。
The following May, Ming Governor Hong Chengchou marched to the relief with six grand commanders and sixty thousand men, encamping on the north ridge of Songshan. Two thousand of the enemy were killed, yet their force remained formidable. Cavalry Commandant Dandai, Company Commander Zhangkushan, and Third-Class Guard Bodai died charging the line. In the eighth month the main army camped between Songshan and Xingshan, fortifying positions to cut the main road. Chengchou brought up one hundred thirty thousand infantry and cavalry, pitched camp on Luangfeng Ridge north of Songshan, and then struck our outposts. Idle Bannerman Huilan and Company Commander Nanggu drove them back. Company Commander Afoni broke through the enemy ranks alone. Though badly wounded, he still cut down officers and captured standards; the rest of the army followed, the enemy fled toward Tashan, and the force advanced to the walls of Songshan. In the twelfth month Chengchou arrived by night with six thousand men. Huilan fought savagely, sallied out, and attacked again; he, Wenchai, and Secretary Maitu all fell. Fire from along the moat then killed more than four hundred, and the enemy withdrew into Songshan.
30
圍既合，明總兵曹變蛟欲突圍出，至正黃旗汛地，佐領彰古力戰死，變蛟亦中創奔還。 七年二月，克松山，擒承疇及明巡撫邱民仰，總兵王廷臣、變蛟等。 時明總兵吳三桂猶駐塔山，鄭親王濟爾哈朗率兵至城下，列紅衣砲攻之，佐領崔應泰被創死，參領邁色力戰陣亡，城壞二十餘丈，諸軍悉登，遂克塔山。 先是蒙古兵有降於明者，特穆德格執而戮之，及兩師酣戰，復有訥木奇突出鵕陣，乘馬衝入多爾袞營，將行刺，特穆德格隻身奮救，相抱持急，卒遇害。
Once the ring closed, Ming Grand Commander Cao Bianjiao tried to break out. At the Plain Yellow Banner outpost, Assistant Commandant Zhanggu was killed in the fight; Bianjiao himself was wounded and driven back. In the second month of the seventh year Songshan fell. Chengchou was captured, along with Ming Grand Secretary Qiu Minyang and Grand Commanders Wang Tingchen and Bianjiao. Ming Grand Commander Wu Sangui still held Tashan. Prince Jirhalang brought up his army, opened fire with red-barreled cannon, and breached more than twenty zhang of wall. Assistant Commandant Cui Yingtai was wounded and died; Company Commander Maisi fought to the end and was killed. The whole force scaled the ramparts and Tashan was taken. Earlier, Temudege had seized and executed Mongol troops who had gone over to the Ming. In the heat of battle Nemuch burst from the eagle formation, galloped into Dorgon's camp to assassinate him, and Temudege alone rushed to intercept. They grappled fiercely until Temudege was killed.
31
索爾和諾，滿洲鑲紅旗人，姓科奇理，世居瓦爾喀。 少孤，兄瑚禮納撫之，瑚禮納為仇所害，嘗手刃仇二人祭兄墓，宗黨義之。 崇德三年，來歸，授佐領，從征錦州、松山，皆有功。 七年十月，命饒餘貝勒阿巴泰為奉命大將軍徵明，索爾和諾率驍騎校佟噶爾為前隊，次黃崖口。 阿巴泰使三等輕車都尉齋薩穆，佐領綽克托，護軍多羅岱、圖爾噶圖伏隘口舉火，明兵驚潰。 遂入薊州，敗明總兵白廣恩軍。 齋薩穆、綽克托及佐領額貝、參領五達納、護軍校渾達善皆歿於陣。 分攻霸州，多羅岱先登，攻定州，圖爾噶圖先登，俱克之，並以傷重卒。
Suo'erhenuo was a Manchu of the Bordered Red Banner, of the Keqili clan, whose family came from Warka. He lost his parents early and was raised by his elder brother Hulina. When Hulina was murdered, he tracked down two of the killers, cut them down with his own hand, and offered their blood at his brother's grave—a deed his kinsmen honored as righteous. In Chongde 3 he submitted and was made an Assistant Commandant. He distinguished himself in the campaigns at Jinzhou and Songshan. In the tenth month of the seventh year Prince Raoyu Abatai was named Commander-in-Chief for an invasion of Ming territory. Suo'erhenuo led the vanguard under Brave Cavalry Sergeant Tunge'er and halted at Huangyakou. Abatai posted Third-Class Commandant of Light Chariots Zhaisamu, Assistant Commandant Chuoketuo, and Garrison Soldiers Duoluodai and Tuergat in ambush at the pass. When they set fires, the Ming troops broke in panic. The army then entered Jizhou and routed the forces of Ming Grand Commander Bai Guang'en. Zhaisamu, Chuoketuo, Assistant Commandant Ebei, Company Commander Wudana, and Garrison Sergeant Hundashan all fell in battle. Detachments took Bazhou, where Duoluodai led the assault, and Dingzhou, where Tuergat was first over the wall. Both cities fell, and both men died of their wounds.
32
閏十月，次河間，明分守參議趙珽、知府顏允紹城守。 既進攻，允紹發砲拒擊，參領署都統陳維道陣亡。 砲裂，毀城堞，護軍薩爾納冒火躍上，明兵死鬥，被戕。 允紹完堞拒守，馳檄四出請援，阿巴泰連營圍之。 時明於山海關內外分設總督，復設昌平、保定二總督，又有寧遠、永平、順天、密雲、天津、保定六巡撫，寧遠、山海、中協、西協、昌平、通州、天津、保定八總兵，皆擁兵壁旁縣，懾不敢近。 索爾和諾曰：「河間不下者，恃外援也。 破其一營，皆瓦解矣。」 阿巴泰從之，遣將襲明總兵薛敵忠營，敵忠遁，諸援師悉潰。 使人諭速降，允紹等守益力，急攻之，索爾和諾梯登，師繼進，破其城。 珽、允紹並死，索爾和諾亦戰歿。
In the intercalary tenth month the army reached Hejian, where Ming Assistant Commissioner Zhao Ting and Prefect Yan Yunshao held the walls. When the assault began, Yunshao answered with cannon fire. Company Commander and Acting Commander Chen Weidao was killed. A cannon burst and shattered the battlements. Garrison Soldier Sa'erna charged through the flames and scaled the wall, but the Ming defenders fought to the last and killed him. Yunshao rebuilt the ramparts and held on, sending urgent appeals for help in every direction while Abatai tightened the siege. The Ming had governors on both sides of Shanhaiguan, plus separate governors at Changping and Baoding, six regional grand secretaries from Ningyuan to Baoding, and eight grand commanders from Ningyuan to Baoding. All kept their armies behind walls in nearby counties, too frightened to come near. Suo'erhenuo said, "Hejian holds out only because it expects outside help. Smash one relief camp and the rest will fall apart." Abatai agreed and sent a force against the camp of Ming Grand Commander Xue Dizhong. Dizhong fled, and every relief column broke and scattered. A messenger was sent demanding surrender, but Yunshao and his men fought all the harder. In the final assault Suo'erhenuo went up by ladder, the army poured in after him, and the city was taken. Zhao Ting and Yan Yunshao were both killed, and Suo'erhenuo also fell in the fighting.
33
十二月，大兵徇山東，諸州縣各設城守，攻臨清閒散瑚通格，攻泗水護軍校務珠克圖，攻新泰閒散特庫殷，攻冠縣閒散特穆慎，攻館陶閒散東阿，攻滕縣閒散赫圖、富義，攻郯縣閒散貴穆臣，攻費縣閒散索羅岱，攻兗州佟噶爾及驍騎尉屯岱，皆戰死。 諸州縣皆下，乘勝至海州，八年五月，旋師。
In the twelfth month the army overran Shandong. Prefectures and counties put up local defenses, and many officers fell in the taking of them: at Linqing, Idle Bannerman Hutongge; at Sishui, Garrison Sergeant Wuzhuket; at Xintai, Idle Bannerman Tekuyin; at Guan County, Idle Bannerman Temushen; at Guantao, Idle Bannerman Dong'e; at Teng County, Idle Bannermen Hetu and Fuyi; at Tan County, Idle Bannerman Guimuchen; at Fei County, Idle Bannerman Suoluodai; and at Yanzhou, Tunge'er and Brave Cavalry Commandant Tundae. Every prefecture and county submitted. The army pressed on to Haizhou and withdrew in the fifth month of the eighth year.
34
席爾泰，姓棟鄂。 父綸布，清初，率四百人來歸，賜名普克素，編佐領，使席爾泰統之。 有功，授世職，在十六大臣之列。 時明總兵毛文龍籠絡遼陽沿海居民，踞皮島為重鎮，時窺邊界。 鎮江城中軍陳良策潛通文龍，令別堡之民詐稱文龍兵至，大譟，城中驚擾。 良策乘亂城守，席爾泰偕同族佐領格朗擊卻之。 後復偕格朗從攻瀋陽，陣亡於渾河。 其妻嘗違禁屠馬祭夫，例當死，削世職，原之。
Xi'ertai was of the Dong'e clan. His father Lunbu came over in the early Qing with four hundred followers, received the name Pukesu, and was enrolled as an Assistant Commandant under Xi'ertai's command. For his service he received a hereditary office and a place among the sixteen great ministers. Ming Grand Commander Mao Wenlong had drawn the coastal people of Liaoyang to his side, made Pidao a major stronghold, and kept probing the frontier. Chen Liangce, a middle army officer in Zhenjiang, secretly coordinated with Wenlong. People from an outlying fort were told to spread word that Wenlong's army was coming; the uproar threw the city into panic. Liangce used the confusion to seize the defenses, but Xi'ertai and his kinsman Assistant Commandant Gelang drove him back. He later joined Gelang in the assault on Shenyang and was killed at the Hun River. His wife once broke the ban on slaughtering horses by killing one to sacrifice to him—a capital offense. Her hereditary office was revoked, but she was pardoned.
35
時戰渾河者為滿達理。 滿達理，正黃旗人，姓納蘭，世居布顏舒護魯。 任佐領，隨揚古利軍瀋陽。 明兵二萬渡渾河來援，長矛大刀，鎧冒重棉，氣甚銳。 參領西佛先歿於陣，滿達理繼進，敗之。 明總兵李秉誠率三千人守奉集堡，效死者無算，卒大創之，遂克瀋陽。 滿達理以先登功最，隨攻遼陽，明經略袁應泰急注太子河於隍，閉西閘，環城列守，大兵軍其城東南，秉誠暨總兵侯世祿以兵五萬背城五里而陣； 擊走世祿，奪橋，從小西門緣梯登城，遂拔之，旋歿於陣。
The officer who fought at the Hun River was Mandali. Mandali was of the Plain Yellow Banner and the Nara clan, from Buyanshuhulu. An Assistant Commandant, he followed Yangguli's army against Shenyang. Twenty thousand Ming troops crossed the Hun River to relieve the city, armed with long spears and heavy swords and clad in thickly padded armor. They came on fiercely. Company Commander Xifo was killed first; Mandali pressed forward and routed them. Ming Grand Commander Li Bingcheng held Fengji Fort with three thousand men and lost countless dead before suffering a crushing defeat. Shenyang then fell. Mandali, honored for leading the first ascent at Shenyang, joined the assault on Liaoyang. Ming Grand Secretary Yuan Yingtai hurriedly diverted the Taizi River into the moat, shut the west sluice, and lined the walls with defenders. The main army camped southeast of the city while Bingcheng and Grand Commander Hou Shilu drew up fifty thousand men five li out, backs to the wall. He drove off Shilu, seized the bridge, scaled the small west gate by ladder, and took the city—only to fall in battle soon after.
36
卓納，姓納喇氏，滿洲鑲藍旗人，哈達貝勒萬之孫。 太祖時來歸，授佐領，賜姓覺羅。 天聰五年，徵明，圍大凌河城。 明監軍道張春，總兵吳襄、宋緯等率馬步兵四萬自錦州來援，副都統綽和諾冒砲矢力戰，殞於陣。 備禦多貝先戰歿，卓納繼之。 時襄兵先敗，逐北三十餘裡。 張春復收潰眾立營，風起，黑雲見，春大縱火，風順火熾，卓納益銳進，與管武備院事達穆布、二等輕車都尉硃三、佐領拜桑武、騎都尉尼馬禪、護軍校愛賽、雲騎尉瓦爾喀均戰死。 天忽雨，反風，大軍乘之，緯敗走，生擒春。
Zhuona, of the Nara clan and the Bordered Blue Banner, was a grandson of Hada beile Wan. He submitted in the reign of Taizu, was made an Assistant Commandant, and received the surname Aisin Gioro. In Tiancong 5 he joined the campaign against the Ming and helped besiege Dalinghe. Ming supervising censor Zhang Chun, Grand Commanders Wu Xiang and Song Wei, and others marched from Jinzhou with forty thousand men. Vice Commander Chuohenuo fought through cannon fire and was killed. Deputy Guardian Duobei fell first; Zhuona took his place. Wu Xiang's force broke first and was driven back more than thirty li. Zhang Chun rallied the fugitives and made camp. Wind rose, black clouds gathered, and he set great fires that the wind whipped into an inferno. Zhuona pressed the attack harder still and fell, along with Director of the Armory Damubu, Second-Class Commandant of Light Chariots Zhu San, Assistant Commandant Baisangwu, Cavalry Commandant Nimchan, Garrison Sergeant Aisai, and Cloud-Cavalry Commandant Warka. Rain suddenly fell and the wind turned. The main army seized the moment, Song Wei fled in defeat, and Zhang Chun was taken alive.
37
信勇公費英東子納海亦於是役被創，齒落其三，復從舟師攻旅順。 明總兵黃龍禦甚力，納海與參領岳樂順、護軍校額德、千總程國輔、騎都尉塔納喀等奮勇登城，冒矢石而殞，遂克旅順口。
Nahai, son of Duke Fei Yingdong of Xinyong, was wounded in the same battle—three teeth knocked out—and later joined the fleet against Lüshun. Ming Grand Commander Huang Long defended with great tenacity. Nahai, Company Commander Yueshun, Garrison Sergeant Ede, Thousand Commander Cheng Guofu, Cavalry Commandant Tanaka, and others stormed the walls and died under a hail of arrows and stones. Lüshunkou then fell.
38
覺羅鄂博惠，興祖玄孫，隸鑲紅旗； 阿賚，景祖曾孫，隸鑲黃旗：並為佐領，隨徵有功。 天聰三年，大兵徵明，並從貝勒岳託克大安口。 抵遵化，明巡撫王元雅嬰城守。 命分旗環攻之，鑲紅旗西之東，鑲黃旗西之南，各分領前隊，與正藍、正黃、正白各旗兵並進，城上矢石如雨，乘護軍校阿海躍登，急攻之，克其城。 大貝勒代善率護軍及火器營至薊，衝明山海關援兵，阿賚死之。 趨永平沙庫山，鄂博惠中創歿。
Aisin Gioro Eboihui, a great-great-grandson of Xingzu, served in the Bordered Red Banner; Agai, a great-grandson of Jingzu, served in the Bordered Yellow Banner. Both were Assistant Commandants who distinguished themselves on campaign. In Tiancong 3 both joined Prince Yoto in the invasion of Ming territory and the capture of Da'an Pass. At Zunhua, Ming Grand Secretary Wang Yuanya shut himself inside the walls. The banners were ordered to surround the city: the Bordered Red from the west toward the east, the Bordered Yellow from the west toward the south, each leading its vanguard alongside the Plain Blue, Plain Yellow, and Plain White forces. Arrows and stones poured from the walls like rain until Garrison Sergeant Ahail scaled the ramparts and the assault carried the city. Great Beile Daishan brought the guards and firearms corps to Jizhou and struck the Ming relief force from Shanhaiguan. Agai was killed in the fight. Moving on toward Shakushan near Yongping, Eboihui was mortally wounded.
39
雍貴，隸正白旗。 崇德三年，從睿親王多爾袞徵明，下山東。 四年，師旋，敗通州河岸兵。 五年，從圍錦州，敗松山兵，破杏山援兵，皆有功。 七年，复圍錦州，同覺羅薩哈連等直前衝陣，大敗其眾。 明總督洪承疇以十三萬眾來援，薩哈連戰歿，雍貴同護軍統領伊爾德連敗之，乘雨偪松山，擊走其馬軍，复率本旗兵攻塔山。 明總兵曹變蛟夜犯鑲黃旗汛地，复隨伊爾德擊走之。 八年九月，隨鄭親王濟爾哈朗徵寧遠，抵中後所，偕護軍參領額爾碧衝入敵陣，拔其城。 十月，進攻前屯衛，以第五人登，中砲歿。 大兵繼進，遂克之。
Yonggui served in the Plain White Banner. In Chongde 3 he followed Prince Regent Dorgon against the Ming and swept through Shandong. In the fourth year, on the march home, he routed the Ming force on the Tongzhou riverbank. In the fifth year he joined the siege of Jinzhou, helped defeat the Songshan garrison, and broke the Xingshan relief column—earning distinction in each action. In the seventh year he again besieged Jinzhou. Together with Sahaliyan of the Aisin Gioro clan and others, he charged headlong into the enemy lines and routed their army. When Ming Governor-General Hong Chengchou arrived with 130,000 men to relieve the siege, Sahaliyan fell in battle. Yong Gui and Guard Corps Commander Irden drove the enemy back again and again, used the rain to press toward Songshan, routed their horse troops, and then led his own banner force against Tashan. When Ming Regional Commander Cao Bianjiao raided the Bordered Yellow Banner outpost by night, he again followed Irden and drove the attackers off. In the ninth month of the eighth year he marched with Prince Zheng Jirhalang against Ningyuan. At Zhonghousuo he and Guard Corps Assistant Commander Erbi broke into the enemy ranks and took the city. In the tenth month he pressed the attack on Qiantunwei. He was the fifth man over the wall and was struck down by cannon fire. The main force came up afterward and took the place.
40
登西克，隸鑲黃旗。 官散秩大臣。 順治二年，隨揚威大將軍豫親王多鐸追流賊李自成至西安，激戰於天沙山，中槍陣亡。
Denglixike belonged to the Bordered Yellow Banner. He held the post of Attendant Minister without Portfolio. In the second year of Shunzhi he followed Prince Yu Duo, the General Who Displays Might, in pursuit of Li Zicheng as far as Xi'an. At Tiansha Mountain he was caught in a fierce fight, shot, and killed in action.
41
阿克善，景祖兄索長阿三世孫，隸正黃旗。 隨大兵徵明於錦州、寧遠及入關擊李自成，皆有功。 歷官至兵部侍郎。 順治九年，同都統噶達渾征剿鄂爾多斯部叛逃蒙古多爾濟等，殲之賀蘭山，以失究興安總兵任珍家屬淫亂、擅殺多人事解兵部，管副都統事。 十一年，隨徵湖廣，敗賊兵於湘潭、常德、龍陽等處。 十三年，鄭親王世子濟度徵海賊鄭成功，阿克善率兵從大軍至烏龍江，以水險難渡，乃潛取道山間，徑趨福州。 未至，聞成功在高齊，即分兵令佐領褚庫等先往迎戰，擊走之。 又分遣署護軍統領伊色克圖往侯官，征剿水路賊，遂抵福州。 又偵知賊船三百餘尚泊烏龍江，親督水路，約營總星鼐等在陸路合擊，追至三江口，斬偽都督總兵等，俘獲甚眾。 以賊犯羅源，駐防兵被圍，率兵赴援，力戰陣亡。
Akšan was a third-generation descendant of Suochang'a, elder brother of the dynastic Founding Ancestor, and belonged to the Plain Yellow Banner. He served with the main armies at Jinzhou and Ningyuan, crossed the passes to strike Li Zicheng, and distinguished himself in every campaign. He rose through the ranks to Vice Minister of War. In the ninth year of Shunzhi he joined Commandant General Gadahun in crushing Dorji and other rebellious Ordos Mongols at Helan Mountain. He was later removed from the Ministry of War for mishandling the investigation into Xing'an commander Ren Zhen's household debauchery and unauthorized killings, and was reassigned to serve as Vice Commandant. In the eleventh year he marched into Huguang and defeated rebel forces at Xiangtan, Changde, Longyang, and elsewhere. In the thirteenth year, when Prince Zheng's heir Jidu marched against the pirate Zheng Chenggong, Akšan led his men with the main army to the Wulong River. Finding the crossing too dangerous, he stole through the hills and struck directly for Fuzhou. Before he reached Fuzhou he learned that Chenggong was at Gaoqi. He detached a force under Assistant Commander Chuku to meet the enemy first and drove them off. He also sent Acting Guard Corps Commander Iseketu to Houguan to sweep the waterways of rebel craft, and then entered Fuzhou. Scouts reported more than three hundred rebel ships still at anchor on the Wulong River. He took personal command of the fleet, coordinated a joint strike with Battalion Commander Xingnai on land, pursued the enemy to Sanjiangkou, beheaded several of their senior commanders, and took a vast number of prisoners. When rebels struck Luoyuan and besieged the garrison, he marched to their relief, fought to the end, and was killed in battle.
42
薩克素，隸鑲藍旗。 康熙十三年，以佐領從平南大將軍賚塔徵耿精忠。 賚塔駐衢州，遣防颱州黃岩縣。 賊將曾養性率眾六萬來犯，堅守，攻不能下。 參將武灝通賊獻城，薩克素力戰，死之。
Sakusu belonged to the Bordered Blue Banner. In the thirteenth year of Kangxi he served as Assistant Commander under General Sailacakta in the campaign against Geng Jingzhong. Sailacakta held Quzhou and sent him to garrison Huangyan County in Taizhou. When rebel general Zeng Yangxing attacked with 60,000 men, Sakusu held the town so firmly that the enemy could not break in. Major Wu Hao betrayed the town to the rebels, and Sakusu fought to the death.
43
星德，隸鑲紅旗。 亦以耿精忠叛，從江寧將軍額楚討之於江西建昌，敗賊帥邵連登八萬餘眾，在事有功。 後於十六年攻吉安，與賊將馬寶戰於陳岡山，陣歿。
Xingde belonged to the Bordered Red Banner. When Geng Jingzhong rose in rebellion, he followed Jiangning General Ecu to Jianchang in Jiangxi, routed the rebel leader Shao Liandeng and more than 80,000 of his men, and earned distinction in the campaign. In the sixteenth year he joined the assault on Ji'an, clashed with rebel general Ma Bao at Chen'gang Mountain, and was killed in action.
44
果和里，隸鑲黃旗。 以委署參領隨平遠定寇大將軍安親王岳樂徵吳三桂，戰於湖廣瀏陽，陣歿。
Guoheli belonged to the Bordered Yellow Banner. Serving as Acting Assistant Commander under Prince An Yuele, the General Who Pacifies the Distant and Quells the Rebels, he marched against Wu Sangui and was killed in battle at Liuyang in Huguang.
45
努赫勒，隸鑲黃旗。 以一等侍衛從征三桂。 十七年六月，三桂遣其黨江義、巴養元、杜輝等率二萬餘賊，駕巨艦二百餘，乘風犯柳林嘴。 努赫勒隨討逆將軍鄂訥率水師，棹輕舟，飛越賊艦，發砲擊之，溺死無算。 賊退犯君山，又以舟師進擊，追至湘陰。 十九年，隨固山貝子彰泰复遵義、安順、石阡、思南等府，追剿至鐵索橋。 偽總統高起隆、夏國相等擁眾二萬餘屯平遠，與江西坡賊相犄角。 大兵分道進剿，努赫勒從擊平遠西南山賊，力戰陣歿。
Nuhele belonged to the Bordered Yellow Banner. As a First Class Bodyguard he took the field against Wu Sangui. In the sixth month of the seventeenth year Wu Sangui sent Jiang Yi, Ba Yangyuan, Du Hui, and other lieutenants with more than 20,000 rebels and over 200 large ships to strike Liulinzui before a favoring wind. Nuhele served under General Ene with the river fleet. His light boats darted among the rebel ships, cannon fire tore into them, and the dead filled the water beyond counting. When the rebels withdrew and struck Junshan, he took the fleet up again, pursued them, and drove them back as far as Xiangyin. In the nineteenth year he marched with Gushan Beile Zhangtai to recover Zunyi, Anshun, Shiqian, Sinan, and other prefectures, chasing the enemy all the way to Iron Chain Bridge. The rebel commanders Gao Qilong and Xia Guoxiang mustered more than 20,000 men at Pingyuan and coordinated with the bandits at Jiangxipo in a mutual pincer. As the main force split into columns, Nuhele joined the assault on the rebels in the southwestern hills of Pingyuan, fought to the end, and was killed in action.
46
海蘭，隸正白旗。 由侍衛擢副都統。 雍正七年，授參贊大臣，從靖邊大將軍、公傅爾丹徵準噶爾。 九年六月，分三隊渡科卜多河，與蒙古副都統常祿皆列後隊。 初戰庫列圖嶺，旋移營和通呼爾哈諾爾。 海蘭與常祿據山梁之東，殺賊千餘。 適大風，雨雹，師被圍，常祿陣亡。 海蘭突圍出，殺賊五百餘，卒以察哈爾兵潰，海蘭死之。
Hailan belonged to the Plain White Banner. He rose from the imperial guard to Vice Commandant. In the seventh year of Yongzheng he was made Assistant Grand Minister and marched with Duke Furdan, the General Who Pacifies the Frontier, against the Dzungars. In the sixth month of the ninth year the army crossed the Kobdo River in three columns. Hailan and the Mongol Vice Commandant Changlu were both assigned to the rear. They first clashed at Kuretu Ridge, then shifted camp to Hetong Hu'erhanuo'er. Hailan and Changlu held the eastern crest of the ridge and killed more than a thousand of the enemy. Then a violent wind and hail swept in, the army was surrounded, and Changlu was killed in the fighting. Hailan fought his way out and cut down more than five hundred of the enemy, but when the Chahar troops broke and fled he was killed.
47
同阿爾，蒙古鑲紅旗人，世居巴林，以地為氏。 授驍騎尉。 崇德三年，多羅貝勒岳託徵明，同阿爾與焉。 當師之出邊也，副都統席喇命率護軍防守七晝夜，敗敵者再。 六年五月，隨睿親王多爾袞圍錦州，明總督洪承疇率重兵來援，以步兵三營犯左翼三旗，護軍不能勝，奔壕塹。 同阿爾偕同旗同族僧格，及蒙古鑲紅旗人阿桑布嚴守汛地，奮勇戰死。 蒙古正紅旗拜渾岱、正黃旗阿布喇庫、鑲黃旗布齋，均先後歿於陣。
Tong A'er was a Mongol of the Bordered Red Banner whose family had long lived in Bairin and took that place as their surname. He was granted the rank of Captain of Cavalry. In the third year of Chongde he took part when Prince Yuetuo marched against Ming. When the army crossed the frontier, Vice Commandant Xila put him in charge of the Guard Corps for seven days and nights of defense, and twice he beat back the enemy. In the fifth month of the sixth year he followed Prince Rui Dorgon in the siege of Jinzhou. When Ming Governor-General Hong Chengchou arrived with a large relief force, three battalions of infantry broke against the left-wing banners. The Guard Corps could not hold and fell back into the trenches. Tong A'er, his kinsman Sengge of the same banner, and the Mongol Asangbu of the Bordered Red Banner held the outpost to the last and died fighting. The Mongols Bai Hundai of the Plain Red Banner, Ablaku of the Plain Yellow Banner, and Buzhai of the Bordered Yellow Banner likewise fell one after another on the field.
48
董廷元，正白旗漢軍。 與弟廷儒、廷柏並以閒散從征。 天命六年，兵攻瀋陽，廷元先登陷陣，授寬甸守備。 從攻大凌河、察哈爾、旅順口、江華島，皆有功。 崇德二年，從恭順王孔有德徵皮島，明總兵沈世魁陣海口。 廷元以小舟從北衝入，明兵砲碎之，與家丁六人歿於海。
Dong Tingyuan was a Han bannerman of the Plain White Banner. He and his younger brothers Tingru and Tingbai all went to war as unattached banner retainers. In the sixth year of Tianming, when the army stormed Shenyang, Tingyuan was the first over the wall and plunged into the fight. For this he was made garrison commander of Kuandian. He served in the campaigns at Dalinghe, Chahar, Lüshunkou, and Ganghwa Island and distinguished himself in each. In the second year of Chongde he followed Prince Gongshun Kong Youde against Pidao, where Ming Regional Commander Shen Shikui drew up his force at the harbor mouth. Tingyuan drove a small boat in from the north. Ming cannon fire smashed the craft, and he and six of his retainers perished in the sea.
49
廷儒積功為大同守備。 順治五年，大同總兵姜瓖謀叛，以廷儒勇略過人，為士卒愛憚，佯以宴射誘至署，諷以同叛。 廷儒以嚴詞斥之，不聽，即拔佩刀與鬥，賊群執之，罵不絕口，剖其腹，支解之，併其子開國，男婦二十七人俱被害。
Through accumulated service Tingru rose to garrison commander of Datong. In the fifth year of Shunzhi, Datong commander Jiang Xiang plotted rebellion. Knowing that Tingru's courage and skill outmatched every other officer and that the men both admired and feared him, Jiang lured him to headquarters under the pretense of a feast and archery contest and tried to win him to the revolt. Tingru answered with a fierce rebuke. When Jiang would not heed him, he drew his sword and fought. The rebels overpowered him, but he cursed them without pause. They cut open his belly and hacked him apart. His son Kaiguo was killed as well, and twenty-seven men and women of the household died with them.
50
廷柏初任驍騎尉。 崇德五年，從征明，同參領孫有光敗松山步兵、杏山騎兵、閭洪山守兵。 明兵夜犯填塹，手發紅衣砲擊卻。 隨攻塔山及前屯衛、中後所等城，均以紅衣砲克之，績稱最。 順治二年，從豫親王多鐸南征，破流賊，定河南，克揚州、嘉興等處，俱在事有功。 時明魯王硃以海據紹興，大兵營錢塘江上。 明督師大學士張國維以兵九千人乘夜劫營，廷柏從都統吳守進敗之。 後從鄭親王濟爾哈朗徵湖廣，明總督何騰蛟招流賊，連營拒敵。 從副都統金維城率兵至馬河，力戰，歿於陣。
Tingbai began his career as Captain of Cavalry. In the fifth year of Chongde he marched against Ming and, with Assistant Commander Sun Youguang, routed the infantry at Songshan, the cavalry at Xingshan, and the garrison at Lü Hongshan. When Ming troops tried to storm the filled trench by night, he manned the red-coated cannon himself and drove them back. In the assaults on Tashan, Qiantunwei, Zhonghousuo, and other strongpoints, he took every target with the red-coated cannon, and his record was judged the finest. In the second year of Shunzhi he marched south with Prince Yu Duo, broke the roving rebels, pacified Henan, and took Yangzhou, Jiaxing, and other cities, earning distinction throughout the campaign. At that time the Ming Prince of Lu, Zhu Yihai, held Shaoxing while the main Qing force camped on the Qiantang River. Ming Grand Secretary and Supreme Commander Zhang Guowei struck the camp at night with 9,000 men, but Tingbai, serving under Commandant Wu Shoujin, turned the attack back. Later he marched into Huguang with Prince Zheng Jirhalang. Ming Governor-General He Tengjiao rallied roving rebels and drew up a chain of camps to block the advance. He followed Vice Commandant Jin Weicheng to Mahe, fought to the end, and was killed in action.
51
常鼎，鑲紅旗漢軍。 順治元年，以副將隨懷慶總兵金玉和討流寇。 李自成之西竄也，英親王阿濟格由邊外趨延綏，斷其歸路。 至望都，佐領劄圖被創卒。 入陝至延安府，虛銜章京哈爾漢率甲士守南山，力戰死。 侍衛察瑪海、騎都尉嘉龍阿、參領折爾特、護軍校朔瑪，俱以陣亡。 餘黨二萬餘，散在河南。 圍濟源，攻孟縣，蔓延鄧州、內鄉縣及清化鎮。 鼎隨玉和援濟源，至則城已陷，戕典史李應選。 鼎夜半遇賊，力戰，與玉和俱陣歿。 玉和自有傳。
Chang Ding was a Han bannerman of the Bordered Red Banner. In the first year of Shunzhi he served as Vice General under Huaiqing commander Jin Yuhe in operations against roving bandits. When Li Zicheng fled west, Prince Ying Ajige swung beyond the frontier toward Yan'an and cut off his line of retreat. At Wangdu, Assistant Commander Zhantu was wounded and died. On the march into Shaanxi as far as Yan'an Prefecture, the clerk with nominal rank Harhan led armored troops to hold South Mountain and was killed in fierce fighting. The bodyguard Chaimahi, Commandant of Cavalry Jialong'a, Assistant Commander Zhe'erte, and Guard Corps Corporal Shuoma all fell in battle. More than 20,000 of the remaining rebels scattered across Henan. They besieged Jiyuan, struck at Meng County, and spread their raids into Dengzhou, Neixiang County, and Qinghua Town. Ding marched with Yuhe to relieve Jiyuan, but by the time they arrived the city had already fallen and Registrar Li Yingxuan had been slain. At midnight Ding ran into the rebels and fought to the end. He and Yuhe were both killed in action. Jin Yuhe has his own biography elsewhere.
52
時懷慶鎮標同死者，守備則白忠順、佘國諫、陳應傑、石鬥耀、康虎，千總則宋國俊、趙國相、李中、王國臣、楊虎、劉奉相、高友才，把總則張進仁、張光裕、陳廷機、張景泰、許養和、黨中直、廖得仁、薛貴等。 賊旋圍孟縣，知縣王曰俞、參將陳國才嬰城守。 賊攻七晝夜不能下，將引去，會大雨，城壞，賊入。 曰俞、國才率兵巷戰，國才被戕，執曰俞，脅降，不屈死。 賊又圍鄧州，道標中軍鄭國泰戰死。 大兵救鄧州，賊解圍去。 轉攻內鄉縣，執知縣胡養素，索金帛，不應，死之。 賊分兵犯清化鎮，署同知史燦麟蒞任甫兩月，執法嚴，奸民憾之，引賊入，執燦麟，怒罵不屈，賊忿，磔其屍，妻高氏及婢僕同殉。
Others of the Huaiqing garrison who died with them included the garrison commanders Bai Zhongshun, She Guojian, Chen Yingjie, Shi Douyao, and Kang Hu; the battalion commanders Song Guojun, Zhao Guoxiang, Li Zhong, Wang Guochen, Yang Hu, Liu Fengxiang, and Gao Youcai; and the platoon commanders Zhang Jinren, Zhang Guangyu, Chen Tingji, Zhang Jingtai, Xu Yanghe, Dang Zhongzhi, Liao Deren, Xue Gui, and others. The rebels next besieged Meng County. Magistrate Wang Yueyu and Regional Commander Chen Guocai held the walls at all costs. The rebels assaulted the town for seven days and nights without success and were about to withdraw when a torrential rain collapsed the walls and let them in. Yueyu and Guocai fought house to house through the streets. Guocai was slain. The rebels seized Yueyu, demanded his surrender, and killed him when he refused. The rebels next besieged Dengzhou, where the circuit brigade commander Zheng Guotai was killed in battle. When the main force relieved Dengzhou, the rebels broke off the siege and withdrew. Turning to Neixiang County, they seized Magistrate Hu Yangsu, demanded gold and silk, and killed him when he refused. The rebels sent a detachment against Qinghua Town. Acting Sub-Prefect Shi Canlin had been in office barely two months and enforced the law with stern impartiality, and local ruffians who resented him guided the rebels in. They seized Canlin, but he cursed them and would not yield. Enraged, they executed him by dismemberment. His wife, Lady Gao, and their servants died with him.
53
嗣后土賊創亂者二年，有輝縣寇，據北山大伍谷諸險，列三十一寨。 官兵仰攻，賊以死據，不克登，久之，乞降。 官兵防其他逸也，把總田貴、羅思明守寨口，賊乘夜斫寨門遁。 貴與思明倉卒出鬥，皆遇害。 五年，寇起武陟之寧郭驛，驛接太行山，為盜藪，舊設捕盜通判駐其地。 賊偽稱獵者，馳入驛西郭門，騎百餘，披甲持刀仗，焚劫。 入通判張可舉署，可舉力鬥，遇害。 十四年，睢州賊婁三嘯聚沙窩，乘夜登郾城縣城，開北門，引眾入。 知縣荊其惇督家丁眾役守庫印，力御之，受刃傷，會典史樊世亨率牌甲奔救，賊乃遁，其惇創重死，庫印卒無失。
For the next two years local bandits kept the region in turmoil. Raiders in Huixian seized the mountain strongholds around Dazu Valley in the northern hills and built thirty-one stockades. Government troops stormed the heights, but the bandits held every position to the death and could not be dislodged. Only after a long siege did they sue for surrender. To keep the rebels from slipping away elsewhere, platoon commanders Tian Gui and Luo Siming were posted at the stockade mouth. The bandits cut through the gate by night and broke out. Gui and Siming rushed out to stop them and were both killed. In the fifth year bandits rose at Ningguo Post Station in Wuzhi. The station lay against the Taihang Mountains and had long been a haunt of robbers; a Vice Prefect for Capturing Bandits had once been posted there. The bandits disguised themselves as hunters, galloped through the western gate of the post station with more than a hundred mounted men in armor, and burned and looted the town. They burst into the office of Vice Prefect Zhang Keju. Keju fought back hard and was killed. In the fourteenth year the Suizhou bandit Lou Sanxiao gathered at Shawo, climbed the walls of Yancheng County by night, opened the north gate, and led his men inside. Magistrate Jing Qidun rallied his household retainers and staff to defend the treasury seal and fought back hard, though he was cut down. Clerk Fan Shiheng then arrived with the local militia and drove the bandits off. Qidun died of his wounds, but the treasury seal was saved.
54
格布庫，滿洲正白旗人，姓伊爾根覺羅，世居雅爾虎。 順治元年，以參領從睿親王多爾袞剿流賊李自成，追至慶都。 复隨英親王阿濟格、貝勒尼堪敗之。 三年，肅親王豪格徵流賊張獻忠於蜀，格布庫及參領西特庫，隊長古朗阿、巴揚阿、烏巴什隨焉。 獻忠遣賊黨環營抵抗，格布庫破賊第一營步兵。 賊分兩翼，豪格復遣偕佐領蘇拜攻右翼，都統準塔巴圖魯攻左翼。 賊自右翼下山來犯，格布庫率本旗兵衝擊之，旋從準塔翦其左翼。 賊圍正藍旗兵，格布庫偕佐領阿爾津、噶達渾、西特庫、烏巴什往援，格布庫中箭殞，西特庫、烏巴什俱歿於陣，賊退。
Gebu'ku was a Manchu of the Plain White Banner, of the Irgen Gioro clan, whose family had long lived in Ya'erhu. In the first year of Shunzhi he served as Assistant Commander under Prince Rui Dorgon in the campaign against Li Zicheng and pursued the rebels as far as Qingdu. He again marched under Prince Ying Ajige and Prince Nikan and routed the enemy. In the third year Prince Su Haoge marched into Sichuan against the rebel Zhang Xianzhong. Gebu'ku went with him, along with Assistant Commander Xiteku and company commanders Gulang'a, Bayang'a, and Ubasi. Xianzhong sent his men to ring the camp and resist. Gebu'ku smashed the infantry of the enemy's first line. When the rebels split into two wings, Haoge sent Gebu'ku with Assistant Commander Subai against the right flank and Commandant Zhuntabaturu against the left. The enemy came down from the right-wing heights to attack. Gebu'ku led his bannermen in a charge, then joined Zhunta to cut off their left flank. When rebels besieged the Plain Blue Banner troops, Gebu'ku rushed to their relief with Assistant Commanders Arjin, Gadahun, Xiteku, and Ubasi. Gebu'ku was killed by an arrow; Xiteku and Ubasi also fell in battle, and the enemy withdrew.
55
時偽將高汝勵據三寨山，豪格遣古朗阿擊之，大破其眾。 獻忠發大隊迎敵，古朗阿直衝其陣，賊奔潰，未幾復合，古朗阿偕瑚里布破之。 賊率馬步兵分三路來犯，古朗阿奮勇進擊，與巴揚阿均陣亡。
The Ming turncoat general Gao Ruli held Sansai Mountain. Haoge sent Gulang'a against him and routed his force. Xianzhong sent a large force to meet them. Gulang'a drove straight into the enemy line and put them to flight, but they soon rallied. Gulang'a and Hulibu broke them again. The rebels came at them along three roads with horse and foot. Gulang'a pressed the attack with great valor; he and Bayang'a both fell in battle.
56
濟三，滿洲正黃旗人，姓扎庫塔。 自崇德六年，以佐領從大兵有功。 順治元年，與騎都尉色勒布，雲騎尉祖應元，參領金應得，驍騎尉西來，閒散達魯哈、薩門、岱納，並從定國大將軍豫親王多鐸南徵。 二年四月，大兵渡淮，薄揚州城。 應元、應得、岱納以紅衣砲攻城，城頹，岱納先登，與應元、應得同陣亡。 克揚州，大兵渡江，令左翼舟師留泊北岸備敵。 敵駕舟來犯，色勒布迎擊，中砲死。 分兵江陰縣，薩門以雲梯先登，被戕。 達魯哈繼進，亦陣歿。 六月，多鐸定南京，分大兵之半，令多羅貝勒博洛等進徇蘇州，下之，擢濟三副都統，駐守。 明福王總兵黃蜚潛納蘇州叛卒來襲。 濟三聞變，率兵擒剿，敵合圍，濟三戰死。 大兵至浙，攻嘉興，砲毀其城，西來率所部先登，克之。 旋回兵取崑山縣城，被砲死。
Jisan was a Manchu of the Plain Yellow Banner, of the Zarkūta clan. From the sixth year of Chongde he served as Assistant Commander with the main armies and earned distinction. In the first year of Shunzhi he marched south under Prince Yu Dodo, the Pacification Commander-in-Chief, along with Cavalry Commandant Selebu, Cloud Cavalry Commandant Zu Yingyuan, Assistant Commander Jin Yingde, Valiant Cavalry Commandant Xilai, and bannermen Daruha, Samen, and Daina. In the fourth month of the second year the main army crossed the Huai and advanced on Yangzhou. Yingyuan, Yingde, and Daina shelled the walls with red-barb cannon until they gave way. Daina was first over the ramparts and fell in battle along with Yingyuan and Yingde. After Yangzhou fell, the army crossed the Yangtze and left the left-wing fleet anchored on the north bank to guard against attack. The enemy came by boat to attack. Selebu met them and was killed by cannon fire. A detachment was sent against Jiangyin County. Samen was first up the scaling ladders and was killed. Daruha pressed forward in his wake and likewise fell in battle. In the sixth month Dodo secured Nanjing and detached half the army under Princely Beile Boluo to take Suzhou. After the city fell, Jisan was promoted to Vice Commandant and left to garrison it. Huang Fei, a regional commander of the Ming Prince of Fu, secretly enlisted Suzhou mutineers for a surprise attack. When Jisan learned of the uprising he led his men to crush it, but the enemy surrounded him and he was killed in battle. The army entered Zhejiang and besieged Jiaxing. Cannon fire breached the walls; Xilai led his men over first and the city was taken. He then turned back to seize Kunshan county seat and was killed by cannon fire.
57
瑚密色，滿洲鑲黃旗人，姓佟佳，世居加哈。 崇德元年，以佐領銜從征明，屢有功。 順治元年，從入關，敗流賊唐通於一片石，追至安肅、望都，殲賊無算。 嗣隨多鐸軍渡江，屢破明兵句容。 時明魯王硃以海踞紹興，博洛遣參領王先爵徇湖州，士兵蜂至，元爵戰歿。 博洛次杭州，魯王遣其督師侍郎孫嘉績、熊汝霖渡錢塘江來犯。 瑚密色偕騎都尉色赫等擊敗嘉績兵，擒其隊帥，追至江中，汝霖兵殊死戰，瑚密色中槍戰死。 色赫從定浙江，旋下福建，還過平湖，遇土寇，亦以中槍陣亡。
Humise was a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner, of the Tongjia clan, whose family had long lived in Jiaha. From the first year of Chongde he campaigned against the Ming as Assistant Commander and won repeated distinction. In the first year of Shunzhi he entered the passes with the army, routed Tang Tong at Yipianshi, pursued the rebels through Ansu and Wangdu, and killed them in untold numbers. He then crossed the Yangtze with Dodo's army and repeatedly defeated Ming forces at Jurong. While the Ming Prince of Lu Zhu Yihai held Shaoxing, Boluo sent Assistant Commander Wang Xianjue to pacify Huzhou. Local militia swarmed against him and Xianjue fell in battle. Boluo encamped at Hangzhou. The Prince of Lu sent his supervising ministers Sun Jiaji and Xiong Rulin across the Qiantang River to attack. Humise and Cavalry Commandant Sehe routed Jiaji's force, captured an enemy captain, and pursued them into the river. Rulin's men fought to the last, and Humise was shot and killed. Sehe helped pacify Zhejiang and then marched into Fujian. On the return march through Pinghu he ran into local bandits and was likewise killed by musket fire.
58
敦達里，滿洲人。 幼事太宗，後分隸肅親王豪格。 崇德八年八月庚午，太宗崩，敦達里以幼蒙恩養，不忍永離，遂以身殉。 諸王貝勒等義之，以敦達里志不忘君，忠忱足尚，贈甲喇章京，子孫永免徭役。
Dundali was a Manchu. He had served the Taizong since boyhood and was later assigned to Prince Su Haoge's household. On the gengwu day of the eighth month of the eighth year of Chongde the Taizong died. Dundali had been raised under the emperor's favor since childhood and could not bear to leave him; he sacrificed his life to follow him in death. The princes and beile honored his act. Because Dundali's devotion never wavered and his loyalty was truly exemplary, they posthumously granted him the rank of Jalan Commander and permanently exempted his descendants from corvée labor.
59
安達里，葉赫人。 來歸時，太宗憐而養之，洊授官職，亦請殉，諸王貝勒等亦甚義之，予衣一襲，豫議卹典，加贈牛錄章京為梅勒章京，子孫世襲，如敦達里例。 既定議，召安達里諭之。 臨殉時，謂諸王貝勒等曰：「若先帝在天之靈，問及後事，將何以應？」 諸王貝勒等對曰：「先帝肇興鴻業，我等翊戴幼主，嗣位承基，當實心輔理。 儻邀呵護，是所原也。」
Andali was a man of Yehe. When he came over to the Manchus the Taizong took him in and raised him, steadily promoting him through office. He too asked to follow the emperor in death. The princes and beile were deeply moved, gave him a full suit of clothes, arranged posthumous honors in advance, promoted him posthumously from Company Commander to Meiren Commander with hereditary rank for his descendants, on the same terms as Dundali. When the decision was made they summoned Andali and explained it to him. As he prepared to die he said to the princes and beile: "If the late emperor's spirit in Heaven asks what will become of the realm, what answer shall we give?" They answered: "The late emperor founded a great enterprise. We shall uphold the young emperor, inherit the throne, and devote ourselves wholeheartedly to governing the realm. If you will watch over us, that is all we ask."
60
許友信，以軍弁隨明將左夢庚投誠，隸鑲白旗漢軍。 隨大兵徵閩、粵有功，定南大將軍貝勒博洛委署潮州副總兵。 順治四年，明桂王由榔遣兵略境，友信單騎出戰，遇伏死。
Xu Youxin was a military officer who defected with the Ming general Zuo Menggeng and was enrolled in the Bordered White Banner Chinese Army. He campaigned with the main armies in Fujian and Guangdong with distinction, and Prince Boluo, the Pacification Commander-in-Chief, appointed him acting vice commander at Chaozhou. In the fourth year of Shunzhi the Ming Prince of Gui Zhu Youlang sent raiders across the border. Youxin rode out alone to meet them and was killed in an ambush.
61
是年，桂王兵部尚書張家玉陷東莞，署總兵成升、副將李義均陣亡。 桂王兵科給事中陳邦彥同時犯廣州，游擊閻行龍、王士選、熊師文俱死之。 桂王既由監國僭號，志在興復，其始略有兩廣、雲、貴、湖南、江西、四川各地。 且鄭成功出沒閩、浙，奉其偽號，遙相應和，聲勢頗張。 經大軍先後戡定，桂王已窮竄土司，肅清在邇，而孫可望、李定國等復群相擁戴，作螳臂之拒者有年。 至定國與可望內訌，順治十四年十月，可望走湖南乞降，於是洪承疇、吳三桂乃奏請乘時大舉，逐漸進剿，軍行有利。 十八年，三桂兵及緬甸，緬人執獻由榔軍前，事乃大定。
That same year the Prince of Gui's Minister of War Zhang Jiayu seized Dongguan. Acting commander Cheng Sheng and vice general Li Yi both fell in battle. At the same time the Prince of Gui's supervising secretary Chen Bangyan struck at Guangzhou. Guerrilla commanders Yan Xinglong, Wang Shixuan, and Xiong Shiwen all fell defending the city. After the Prince of Gui moved from regency to claiming the throne with an eye to restoring the Ming, he initially held sway over Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and other provinces. Meanwhile Zheng Chenggong raided along the Fujian and Zhejiang coasts, acknowledged the pretender's title, and echoed his cause from afar, so that their combined strength swelled considerably. Although imperial armies had one by one crushed these movements and the Prince of Gui had been driven to take refuge among the tribal chiefs, with final pacification seemingly at hand, Sun Kewang, Li Dingguo, and others rallied to him again and for years offered stubborn resistance against overwhelming odds. When Dingguo and Kewang fell out, Kewang fled to Hunan and surrendered in the tenth month of the fourteenth year of Shunzhi. Hong Chengchou and Wu Sangui then memorialized the throne urging a full-scale offensive while the moment was ripe, proposing a gradual advance that would give the campaign its best chance of success. In the eighteenth year Wu Sangui's army reached Burma. The Burmese handed Zhu Youlang over to the Qing forces, and the affair was finally settled.
62
十餘年中，死事或被執不屈者：如四年，剿廣東假明封號土賊，有廣東巡按劉顯名等； 六年，剿靈山土賊，有廣東都司僉書李昌等； 七年，徵廣州，有輕車都尉尚可福等； 八年，李定國分兵窺全州，有廣西巡按王荃可等； 九年，犯辰州，有分巡辰常道劉昇祚等； 犯平樂，有府江道周永緒等； 犯柳州，有分守右江道金漢蕙等； 陷桂林，有右翼總兵曹成祖、提標游擊馬騰龍等； 十年，犯羅定，有兵備道鄔象鼎等； 犯靖州，有湖南副總兵楊國勳等； 犯連州，有廣東運署都司僉書竇明運等； 犯化州，有防守參將應太極等； 十一年，犯電白，有從征八品官費揚古等； 十四年，海賊乘亂竄雷州，有徐聞營游擊傅進忠等。 孫可望之從亂也，六年，賊黨一隻虎犯永州，有新擢陝西布政使、右參議李懋祖等； 九年，犯衡州，有隨定遠大將軍敬謹親王尼堪部下副都統武京等； 犯成都，有敘州府知府週基昌等； 十三年，犯臨藍，有委署參將殷壯猷等。
Over more than a decade, those who died in service or were taken captive and refused to yield included, for example, in the fourth year, when Guangdong surveillance commissioner Liu Xianming and others fell suppressing local bandits bearing false Ming titles; In the sixth year, Guangdong company deputy Li Chang and others died suppressing bandits at Lingshan; In the seventh year, Second Class Chariot Commandant Shang Kefu and others fell in the campaign at Guangzhou; In the eighth year, Guangxi surveillance commissioner Wang Quanke and others died when Li Dingguo probed Quanzhou with a divided force; In the ninth year, Chen-Chang circuit intendant Liu Shengzu and others fell when the enemy struck Chenzhou; At Pingle, Fu-Jiang circuit commissioner Zhou Yongxu and others fell in battle; At Liuzhou, Right River circuit intendant Jin Hanhui and others fell in battle; When Guilin fell, Right Wing regional commander Cao Chengzu, brigade guerrilla commander Ma Tenglong, and others died defending the city; In the tenth year, defense commissioner Wu Xiangding and others fell when the enemy struck Luoding; At Jingzhou, Hunan vice commander Yang Guoxun and others fell in battle; At Lianzhou, Guangdong transport office company deputy Dou Mingyun and others fell in battle; At Huazhou, garrison brigadier Ying Taiji and others fell in battle; In the eleventh year, campaign officer Fei Yanggu and others fell when the enemy struck Dianbai; In the fourteenth year, sea raiders exploited the turmoil to strike at Leizhou; Xuwen camp guerrilla commander Fu Jinzhong and others fell there. In Sun Kewang's rebellion, in the sixth year the bandit chief Yizhihu struck Yongzhou; newly promoted Shaanxi administration commissioner and right assistant policy adviser Li Maozu and others fell there; In the ninth year, vice commandant Wu Jing and others under Prince Jing Ni Kan, the Pacification Commander-in-Chief, fell when the enemy struck Hengzhou; At Chengdu, Xuzhou prefect Zhou Jichang and others fell in battle; In the thirteenth year, acting brigadier Yin Zhuangyou and others fell when the enemy struck Linlan.
63
至為鄭成功而死者：三年，成功族人鄭彩據廈門，掠連江，有知縣宋人望等； 六年，成功犯長泰，有知縣傅永吉等； 犯漳浦，有總兵楊佐等； 八年，犯海澄，有知縣甘體垣等； 十二年，犯仙遊，有知縣陳有虞等； 十三年，犯海澄，有一等輕車都尉哈勒巴等； 犯福州，有二等輕車都尉巴都等； 十五年，犯台州，有海門營水師游擊李宏德等； 犯溫州，有磐石衛水師游擊熊應鳳等； 十七年，犯江寧，有一等輕車都尉瑚伸布祿、二等輕車都尉猛格圖等； 犯崇明，有知縣陳慎等； 犯台州之太平，有左營都司李柱國等； 犯廈門，有護軍統領伊勒圖、前鋒參將佟濟、前鋒校鄂勒布等。 蓋明籓自立，以兵力削除者，桂王為最棘。
Those who died fighting Zheng Chenggong included, in the third year, when his kinsman Zheng Cai held Xiamen and raided Lianjiang—magistrate Song Renwang and others; In the sixth year, magistrate Fu Yongji and others fell when Chenggong struck Changtai; At Zhangpu, regional commander Yang Zuo and others fell in battle; In the eighth year, magistrate Gan Titai and others fell when Chenggong struck Haicheng; In the twelfth year, magistrate Chen Youyu and others fell when Chenggong struck Xianyou; In the thirteenth year, First Class Chariot Commandant Haleba and others fell when Chenggong struck Haicheng again; At Fuzhou, Second Class Chariot Commandant Badu and others fell in battle; In the fifteenth year, Haimen camp naval guerrilla commander Li Hongde and others fell when Chenggong struck Taizhou; At Wenzhou, Panshi Guard naval guerrilla commander Xiong Yingfeng and others fell in battle; In the seventeenth year, First Class Chariot Commandant Hūšen Bulu, Second Class Chariot Commandant Menggetu, and others fell when Chenggong struck Jiangning; At Chongming, magistrate Chen Shen and others fell in battle; At Taiping in Taizhou, Left Battalion commandant Li Zhuguo and others fell in battle; At Xiamen, Guard Corps Commander Iletu, vanguard brigadier Tong Ji, vanguard corporal Elebu, and others fell in battle. Of the Ming princes who set up rival regimes and had to be broken by force of arms, the Prince of Gui proved the most stubborn foe.
64
同時附唐王硃聿鍵，而陸梁於江西郡邑者，則為金聲桓，參領布達理、布政使遲變龍、分守湖東道成大業、宜黃知縣馮穆等皆死之。 魯王以監國踞浙，偪福建興化，則知府黎樹聲等； 據舟山內擾，則紹興府推官劉方至死之。
At the same time Jin Sheng Huan backed the Tang Prince Zhu Yujian and terrorized Jiangxi's prefectures and counties. Assistant Commander Budari, administration commissioner Chi Bianlong, Hu-Dong circuit intendant Cheng Daye, Yihuang magistrate Feng Mu, and others all fell opposing him. The Prince of Lu ruled Zhejiang as regent and threatened Xinghua in Fujian; prefect Li Shusheng and others died there; Those who raided from a base on Zhoushan included Shaoxing push officer Liu Fang, who fought to the death.
65
其無所附麗而以叛聞者為姜瓖，五年，踞大同，催餉騎都尉鍾固、山西兵備道宋子玉等死之。 六年，從英親王阿濟格等軍進討者，騎都尉索寧、雲騎尉洛多理等皆陣亡。 分援河東、井坪、蒲州、神木等處，則鄭宏國、佟國仕、武韜、鄭世英等亦先後陣亡。
Jiang Xiang stood alone as a rebel without backing any Ming prince. In the fifth year he seized Datong; cavalry commandant Zhong Gu, Shanxi defense commissioner Song Ziyu, and others fell while pressing for supplies. In the sixth year cavalry commandant Suoning, cloud cavalry commandant Luoduo Li, and others who marched under Prince Ying Ajige to suppress him all fell in battle. In the relief operations sent to Hedong, Jingping, Puzhou, Shenmu, and elsewhere, Zheng Hongguo, Tong Guoshi, Wu Tao, Zheng Shiying, and others likewise fell one after another.
66
時天下初定，人心反側。 各省土賊蜂起，或剿或守。 在順治一朝，死者尤夥。 獨著其關係大局者，見有清開國艱難之大概焉。
The empire had only just been pacified, and loyalty remained uncertain everywhere. Local bandits rose everywhere, and officials fell either in suppression campaigns or in holding their posts. The Shunzhi reign alone accounted for an especially great number of the dead. By recording only those whose deaths bore on the larger struggle, one catches something of the hardship of the Qing founding.