Volume 491 Biographies 278: Loyal and Righteous 5

列傳二百七十八

Biographies 278

忠義五

Loyal and Righteous 5

王淑元高延祉黃為錦瑞麟曹燮培楊映河等

Wang Shuyuan, Gao Yanzhi, Huang Weijin, Ruilin, Cao Xiepei, Yang Yinghe, and others

劉繼祖翟登峨等劉作肅沈衍慶李仁元李福培王恩綬

Liu Jizu, Zhai Deng'e, and others; Liu Zuosu, Shen Yanqing, Li Renyuan, Li Fupei, and Wang Enshou

李右文從弟載文李榞陳肖儀萬成袁祖德李大均

Li Youwen, his younger cousin Zaiwen, Li Yuan, Chen Xiaoyi, Wan Cheng, Yuan Zude, and Li Dajun

於松尚那布李淮唐治鍾普塘等林源恩唐德昇

Yu Songshang, Nabuku, Li Huai, Tang Zhi, Zhong Putang, and others; Lin Yuan'en and Tang Desheng

畢大鈺湯世銓劉福林謝子澄周憲曾等文穎徐鳳喈等

Bi Dayu, Tang Shiquan, Liu Fulin, Xie Zicheng, Zhou Xianzeng, and others; Wen Ying, Xu Fengjie, and others

張積功傅士珍瞿濬冒芬施作霖韓體震德克登額

Zhang Jigong, Fu Shizhen, Qu Jun, Mao Fen, Shi Zuolin, Han Tizhen, and Dekedenge

蔣嘉穀鄧玲筠承順托克清阿馮元吉

Jiang Jiagu, Deng Lingyun, Chenshun, Tuokeqing'a, and Feng Yuanji

平源張寶華王泗週來豫餘寶錕王汝揆

Ping Yuan, Zhang Baohua, Wang Si, Zhou Laiyu, Yu Baokun, and Wang Rukui

王淑元，字秋查，浙江鄞縣人。以舉人知縣，分發廣西。歷權柳城、雒容、平南、馬平等縣事，授博平，調天保。會臨桂縣民以糧價重不輸稅，大吏欲懾以兵，淑元在省，進議曰：「民固有所苦，得平自服。」遂調臨桂。既蒞任，為汰浮收，民便之，無逋賦者。

Wang Shuyuan, styled Qiucha, was a native of Yin County in Zhejiang. After earning his juren degree, he was appointed district magistrate and sent to Guangxi. He served in turn as acting magistrate of Liucheng, Luorong, Pingnan, and Maping, then received a regular appointment at Boping before being transferred to Tianbao. When the people of Lingui County stopped paying taxes because grain prices were too high, senior officials wanted to cow them with force. Shuyuan was at the provincial capital and advised: "The people truly have grievances; set things right and they will comply on their own." He was accordingly transferred to Lingui. After he assumed office, he cut out illegal surcharges, greatly easing the burden on the people, and tax arrears disappeared.

道光季年，粵匪洪秀全始謀逆，其黨李嘉耀潛入省垣煽土匪內應，發覺，淑元鞫得餘匪匿所，悉數掩擒，敘功昇龍州同知，以肅清會匪獎知府銜。二十九年，擢太平府知府，旋任龍州。時廣西巡撫鄭祖琛懦而黯，群盜蜂起，輒務諱匿。三十年，賊潘寶源等來犯，淑元率練丁禦諸距州十里之灣道，以次子光頡自隨。戰不利，雨甚，藥濕砲不及發，因退回城。及門，賊已由間道入，擁眾逼官廨。淑元立堂上，罵不絕口，呼家眾殺賊。賊斫淑元僕地，擄之去，光頡奔奪，賊殺光頡，而投淑元於勤村河。盜去三日，始出之，身首皆裂，獨面色如生。

In the closing years of Daoguang, the Guangdong rebel Hong Xiuquan first began plotting insurrection. His associate Li Jiayao slipped into the provincial capital to stir up local bandits as inside collaborators. Once the plot was exposed, Shuyuan interrogated his prisoners, tracked down the remaining bandits' hideouts, and captured them all. For this he was promoted to subprefect of Longzhou and granted the honorary rank of prefect for suppressing secret-society bandits. In the twenty-ninth year he was promoted to prefect of Taiping Prefecture, and soon after took charge of Longzhou. The Guangxi governor Zheng Zuchen was timid and corrupt; bandits swarmed across the province, yet he habitually covered up every report. In the thirtieth year the bandits Pan Baoyuan and others attacked. Shuyuan led his militia to meet them at Wandao, ten li from the prefectural seat, bringing his second son Guangjie with him. The fight went badly. Heavy rain soaked the gunpowder and the cannon could not be fired, so they fell back toward the city. By the time they reached the gate, the bandits had already entered by a back route and were pressing the yamen in force. Shuyuan stood in the main hall, cursing without cease, and called on his household to kill the bandits. The bandits struck Shuyuan down and dragged him away. Guangjie ran forward to rescue him; the bandits killed Guangjie and threw Shuyuan into the Qincun River. Three days after the bandits departed, the body was recovered. Head and trunk were both mangled, yet his face looked as if he were still alive.

高延祉，字筠坡，浙江蕭山人。由舉人充官學教習，期滿，用知縣。道光二十一年，英夷犯浙江沿海，舉行團練，延祉率義勇為前驅，擊毀夷船。咸豐元年，揀發廣西，與都下親友別，即以致身奉國自誓。尋署隆安縣事，土賊陸鵬理與其黨乃利中、凌阿東等，屢為邑害。延祉集團練，遣間諜，以計誘殺鵬理，捕獲其家屬黨與二十餘人，並毀利中巢窟及塚。阿東亡命，謀復仇，糾眾千餘，據白山之感墟，與歸德接壤。延祉偕歸德土知州黃為錦率練勇四百進攻，沿途搜戮賊探多名，行抵袍墟，距感墟十餘裡，遇伏，軍潰。复激勵練勇奮擊，殪匪二百餘。賊眾蜂至，延祉挺刃督戰，被賊矛中腹遇害，為錦亦戰死，僕隸多殉之者。

Gao Yanzhi, styled Yunpo, was a native of Xiaoshan County in Zhejiang. Having passed the provincial examination, he served as an instructor at the Imperial Academy; when his term ended, he was appointed district magistrate. In the twenty-first year of Daoguang, when British forces attacked the Zhejiang coast, local militia were mobilized. Yanzhi led the volunteers as vanguard and destroyed enemy vessels. In the first year of Xianfeng he was selected for assignment to Guangxi. As he bid farewell to friends and kin in the capital, he pledged himself to the service of the state. He soon took charge of Long'an County, where the local bandits Lu Pengli and his followers Nai Lizhong, Ling Adong, and others had long been a scourge. Yanzhi assembled the militia, sent out spies, and by a ruse lured Pengli to his death. He captured more than twenty of Pengli's kin and followers and destroyed Lizhong's stronghold and tomb. Adong went into hiding and plotted revenge, mustering more than a thousand men and seizing Ganxu on Mount Baishan, on the border with Guide. Yanzhi joined Huang Weijin, the native-subject magistrate of Guide, in leading four hundred militiamen against them. En route they killed many bandit scouts. At Paoxu, a little over ten li from Ganxu, they walked into an ambush and the column broke. He rallied the militia to fight on and killed more than two hundred bandits. Bandits poured in from every side. Yanzhi drew his sword and led the fight, but a bandit spear pierced his belly and killed him. Weijin also fell in battle, and many of their attendants died with them.

延祉任隆安七十餘日，無日不在外治戰事，居縣廨僅數日耳。民感其保衛之恩，爭賻其孤，孤；乃以其貲建祠祀之，以從死之僕隸、壯勇附。同治十一年，追諡壯節。

In his seventy-odd days at Long'an, Yanzhi was in the field every day and spent only a few nights in the county yamen. The people, grateful for his protection, vied to contribute to his orphaned son; With those gifts they built a shrine in his honor, enshrining alongside him the servants and militiamen who had died with him. In the eleventh year of Tongzhi he was posthumously granted the honorific title Zhuangjie, "Steadfast Integrity."

為錦，山東人。

Weijin was from Shandong.

瑞麟，白氏，漢軍鑲白旗人。由謄錄議敘巡檢，道光五年，選廣西鎮峽寨巡檢。調主簿，擢州判、知州。咸豐元年，授西隆州知州。咸豐二年二月，洪秀全自永安犯桂林，敗竄全州，瑞麟已卸州事，繼任知州曹燮培知瑞麟才，深相結納，約共守禦。時都司武昌顯以楚兵四百援桂林，道經全州，燮培留助守。四月，賊薄城下，發砲轟擊，斃賊甚夥。越日攻益急，歷十一晝夜，提督餘萬清、劉長清來援，分駐城北太平堡，城西魯班橋，距十五里外，牽制弗能進，守者憊甚，子藥不繼。賊穴城，地雷發，城崩，賊乘入，千總葉永林、把總張元福死之。瑞麟素驍勇，遇賊中衢，手刃數人，力竭身死。燮培亦巷戰死。

Ruilin, of the Bai clan, belonged to the Han Chinese Bordered White Banner. Through service as a copyist he earned appointment as an assistant magistrate, and in the fifth year of Daoguang was posted to Zhenxia Stockade in Guangxi. He was transferred to chief clerk, then promoted through subprefect to prefect. In the first year of Xianfeng he was appointed prefect of Xilong. In the second month of the second year of Xianfeng, Hong Xiuquan marched from Yong'an against Guilin, was beaten back, and fled toward Quanzhou. Ruilin had already left office, but his successor Cao Xiepei, recognizing his ability, drew him close and pledged to defend the city together. The battalion commander Wu Changxian was then marching four hundred Hunan troops to relieve Guilin. Passing through Quanzhou, Xiepei kept him to help hold the city. In the fourth month the rebels closed on the walls. Cannon fire tore into them and killed a great many. The next day the assault intensified and raged for eleven days and nights. Provincial commanders Yu Wanqing and Liu Changqing arrived to relieve the city but halted fifteen li away, at Taiping Fort to the north and Luban Bridge to the west, unable to break through. The defenders were exhausted and ammunition was running out. The rebels mined beneath the wall. When the charge blew, the wall collapsed and they poured in. Company commanders Ye Yonglin and Zhang Yuanfu were killed. Ruilin had always been a fierce fighter. He met the rebels in the street, cut down several with his own hand, and fell when his strength gave out. Xiepei also died fighting in the alleys.

賊攻城時，多死傷，恨甚，城陷，屠之，焚屋舍幾盡。文武官紳同時死者：署全州營參將楊映河，把總卜有祥，解餉官四川知縣盧金第，安徽府經歷陳堯，湖南游擊餘遇升，都司武昌顯，千總田慶華、馬瑞龍，把總盧先振、黃志林、韓大興，外委孫紹全、楊清麒、田宏義、楊大賓、龔心仁、田宗南，武舉唐殿試，生員蔣成龍、金建勳，武生張以敬，幕友黃柏彬、祝永文、硃福坪、周希齡、孫培駒、楊菱舟、金家駒、硃澤，凡三十餘人。學正農賢託，年七十，甫歿，棺毀，妻殉之。瑞麟諡壯節，與燮培並贈道銜，詔祀京師昭忠祠。建專祠全州，曰愍忠，祀燮培及諸死事者。

The rebels had taken heavy losses during the siege and nursed a deep grudge. When the city fell they slaughtered the people and burned nearly every building. Among the civil and military officials and local gentry who fell at the same time were the acting brigade commander of the Quanzhou garrison, Yang Yinghe; platoon commander Bu Youxiang; grain-transport official and Sichuan district magistrate Lu Jindi; Anhui prefectural secretary Chen Yao; Hunan regimental commander Yu Yusheng; battalion commander Wu Changxian; company commanders Tian Qinghua and Ma Ruilong; platoon commanders Lu Xianzhen, Huang Zhilin, and Han Daxing; junior officers Sun Shaoquan, Yang Qingqi, Tian Hongyi, Yang Dabin, Gong Xinren, and Tian Zongnan; military licentiate Tang Dianshi; licentiates Jiang Chenglong and Jin Jianxun; military licentiate Zhang Yijing; and secretaries Huang Baibin, Zhu Yongwen, Zhu Fuping, Zhou Xiling, Sun Peiju, Yang Lingzhou, Jin Jiuju, and Zhu Ze—more than thirty in all. The director of studies Nong Xiantuo, seventy years old, had only just died; the rebels smashed his coffin, and his wife died with him. Ruilin was posthumously granted the title Zhuangjie; he and Xiepei were both awarded the honorary rank of circuit intendant, and an edict ordered their enshrinement in the Capital Shrine of Loyalty. A dedicated shrine called Minzhong, "Commemorating the Loyal," was built at Quanzhou to honor Xiepei and all who died in the defense.

燮培，字理村，浙江仁和人。選柳州通判，攝西隆州、賓州事，除東蘭州知州，權全州。性倜儻，有吏才，不拘節目，聲伎滿前，然無廢事。或規之，引文信國公少年時事自解，曰：「他日能學文山足矣！」人謂燮培無負素志雲。

Xiepei, styled Licun, was a native of Renhe County in Zhejiang. He was selected as subprefect of Liuzhou, served as acting prefect of Xilong and Bin, was appointed prefect of Donglan, and held Quanzhou in an acting capacity. Free-spirited and capable in office, he cared little for formal propriety. Singers and entertainers filled his hall, yet no official business was neglected. When someone remonstrated with him, he cited the youthful conduct of Duke Wen of Xinguo in his own defense, saying: "If someday I can live up to Wenshan, that will be enough!" People said Xiepei had not fallen short of the pledge he had made.

時死廣西者，又有署永安州吳江龍門司巡檢馮元等。

Others who died in Guangxi at this time included Feng Yuan, acting assistant magistrate of Longmen Station in Yong'an Prefecture on the Wujiang River, and others.

劉繼祖，江西玉山人。增貢生。道光十一年，以同知分福建。十九年，除淡水同知，以憂去。服闋，借揀知州，發廣西。二十七年，授永康，尋署藤縣。時灌陽、平樂、陽朔等處匪徒肆擾，偕知府張熙宇督剿，殲擒殆盡，進知府。咸豐元年，金田賊敗竄大黃江，繼祖率水陸壯勇乘夜攻擊，焚其巢。以所部練勇失鈐束，奪職。四年，巡撫勞崇光奏請留藤協辦團練，尋艇賊梁培友糾眾攻藤，繼祖偕知縣翟登峨等嬰城固守，設間出奇擊卻之。旋以土賊馮六、戴九等接踵至，據河干，盡焚沿岸舟，鄉團來援者不得渡。賊眾兵單，城陷，繼祖受重創，與登峨子襄採、團長梁文軾等巷戰，力竭，死之。登峨被擄，罵賊不屈，被害，棄屍於河。典史冉正棠鬥死獄門。詔复繼祖原官，賞世職，登峨以次死者卹有差。

Liu Jizu was a native of Yushan County in Jiangxi. He held the rank of augmented tribute student. In the eleventh year of Daoguang he was appointed subprefect and sent to Fujian. In the nineteenth year he was appointed subprefect of Tamsui, then left office to observe mourning. When mourning ended, he entered the selection pool for prefect and was sent to Guangxi. In the twenty-seventh year he received Yongkang and soon took charge of Teng County in an acting capacity. Bandits were then ravaging Guanyang, Pingle, Yangshuo, and neighboring districts. Working with Prefect Zhang Xiyu, he led the suppression and killed or captured nearly all of them, earning promotion to prefect. In the first year of Xianfeng the Jintian rebels, beaten back, fled to the Dahuang River. Jizu led land and river militia in a night assault and burned their stronghold. Because the militia under his command had gotten out of hand, he was dismissed from office. In the fourth year Governor Lao Chongguang asked that he be kept at Teng to help organize the militia. Soon the boat bandit Liang Peiyou mustered a force and attacked the county. Jizu joined District Magistrate Zhai Deng'e and others in a desperate defense and, by a stratagem, launched a surprise attack that drove the rebels back. Local bandits Feng Liu, Dai Jiu, and others then arrived in turn, seized the riverbank, burned every boat along the shore, and cut off militia reinforcements trying to cross. The rebels outnumbered the defenders and the city fell. Jizu was gravely wounded and, with Deng'e's son Xiangcai and militia captain Liang Wenshi and others, fought through the alleys until he was spent and killed. Deng'e was taken captive. He cursed the rebels and refused to yield; they killed him and threw his body into the river. Jail superintendent Ran Zhengtang died fighting at the prison gate. An edict restored Jizu to his former rank and granted hereditary honors; Deng'e and the others who fell received posthumous awards according to their stations.

登峨，字眉峰，山東章丘人。進士，截取選藤縣。

Deng'e, styled Meifeng, was a native of Zhangqiu County in Shandong. A jinshi, he was selected by special appointment as magistrate of Teng County.

劉作肅，字敬亭，奉天承德縣人。道光元年舉人，選知縣，授天河縣。歷寧明知州，兼明江同知。咸豐三年，賊眾萬餘攻城，相持五月餘，解圍去。以城守功加知府，賞花翎。六年，署太平知府，賊屢來犯，禦卻之。十年，復來。城中無儲粟，賊圍亟，守陴者皆走。城陷，作肅投池，水淺，不能死，為賊擁去。以其居官清廉，不忍害之。作肅乃吟絕命辭，絕粒死。其弟與僕姚云、吳貴同殉。妻趙及子家祥、女等皆先自盡。以子家鳳被執不屈死，卹如製。賞世職，建祠府城，二僕並賜卹。

Liu Zuosu, styled Jingting, was a native of Chengde County in Fengtian. A juren of the first year of Daoguang, he was selected as district magistrate and appointed to Tianhe County. He served as prefect of Ningming and concurrently as subprefect of Mingjiang. In the third year of Xianfeng more than ten thousand rebels besieged the city. After more than five months of stalemate they broke off and withdrew. For defending the city he was promoted to prefect and awarded a peacock feather. In the sixth year he served as acting prefect of Taiping and repeatedly beat back rebel attacks. In the tenth year they came again. The city had no grain in store, the siege closed in, and the men on the walls fled. When the city fell, Zuosu threw himself into a pond, but the water was too shallow to drown him and the rebels dragged him away. Because he had governed with integrity, they could not bring themselves to kill him. Zuosu then composed a final poem and starved himself to death. His younger brother and his servants Yao Yun and Wu Gui died with him. His wife Zhao, his son Jiaxiang, his daughters, and others had already killed themselves. Because his son Jiafeng was captured and died rather than submit, the family received posthumous honors according to regulation. Hereditary honors were granted, a shrine was built in the prefectural city, and the two servants received posthumous awards as well.

沈衍慶，字槐卿，安徽石埭人。道光十五年進士，以知縣發江西，署興國，補泰和。二十五年，調鄱陽，縣濱湖，盜賊所出沒。衍慶編漁戶，仿保甲法行之，屢獲劇盜。俗悍好鬥，輒輕騎馳往，竭誠開導，事浸息。兩遇水災，盡力賑撫，存活無算。舉卓異。咸豐二年，粵匪陷湖北武昌，衍慶請兵守康山，控鄱陽門戶。三年，九江陷，譌言四起，居民逃亡，不可禁止。衍慶率練勇巡東門，見糧船中數百人譟而前，衍慶手刃二人，餘黨慴服，人心始定。賊圍南昌，巡撫張芾檄衍慶赴援，會合省防諸軍與賊戰，大破之。賊將東竄，衍慶慮賊犯鄱陽，請於巡撫，馳歸。時樂平令李仁元攝鄱陽事，同商守禦。賊至，與仁元同力戰，城陷，死之。贈道銜，立祠鄱陽。

Shen Yanqing, styled Huaiqing, was a native of Shidi County in Anhui. A jinshi of the fifteenth year of Daoguang, he was sent to Jiangxi as district magistrate, served as acting magistrate of Xingguo, and was appointed to Taihe. In the twenty-fifth year he was transferred to Poyang, a lakeside county where bandits came and went. Yanqing registered the fishing households and applied the baojia system, repeatedly capturing major bandits. The people were fierce and quick to fight. He would ride out lightly armed, earnestly counsel them, and gradually the violence subsided. When floods struck twice, he threw himself into relief work and saved countless lives. He was recommended as an outstanding official. In the second year of Xianfeng the Guangdong rebels took Wuchang in Hubei. Yanqing asked for troops to hold Kangshan and guard the gateway to Poyang. In the third year Jiujiang fell. Rumors spread in every direction, residents fled, and nothing could stop the panic. Yanqing led militia to patrol the east gate and saw several hundred men in grain boats surging forward in uproar. He cut down two with his own hand; the rest submitted in fear, and the people's minds at last steadied. When rebels besieged Nanchang, Governor Zhang Fu ordered Yanqing to the relief. He joined the provincial defense forces, fought the rebels, and routed them. The rebels were about to flee east. Fearing they would strike Poyang, Yanqing asked the governor's leave and raced home. The magistrate of Leping, Li Renyuan, was then acting in Poyang and consulted with Yanqing on the defense. When the rebels arrived, he fought alongside Renyuan with all his strength. The city fell and he was killed. He was posthumously granted the honorary rank of circuit intendant, and a shrine was built for him at Poyang.

仁元，字資齋，河南濟源人。道光二十七年進士，內閣中書，改知縣。咸豐元年，授樂平。民俗剽悍，以禮讓教之，多感悟。有素習械鬥者，仁元曰：「民不畏死，然後可以致死。今天下多事，正此輩效順之時也。」簡驍健得六百人，日加訓練，土匪畏之，斂跡。樂平與鄱陽為鄰境，仁元政聲亦與衍慶相埒，至是南昌戒嚴，衍慶助剿，仁元移攝鄱陽以代之。未幾，衍慶以防賊擾，馳歸縣。因仁元父母妻子在樂平，亟趣仁元去。仁元曰：「賊旦夕且至，臨敵易令，是謂我不丈夫也。」遂議並力戰守。值久雨湖漲，城圮，無險可攖。於是審度地勢，衍慶軍南門，仁元軍北門，為犄角。部署甫定，賊揚帆大至。麾軍燃砲，碎賊艦，賊繞東門登岸，入城，衍慶迎擊，賊稍卻。又繞而北，仁元率樂平勇巷戰，矛刺仁元，踣，臠割之。所部猶力戰，死者過半，卒得仁元屍以出。

Renyuan, styled Zizhai, was a native of Jiyuan County in Henan. A jinshi of the twenty-seventh year of Daoguang, he served as a secretary in the Grand Secretariat before transferring to district magistrate. In the first year of Xianfeng he was appointed magistrate of Leping. The people were fierce by custom; he taught them through ritual and deference, and many were moved to reform. Some were long accustomed to armed brawling. Renyuan said: "When men do not fear death, they can be sent to face it. The realm is troubled on every side; this is precisely the time for such men to prove their loyalty." He picked six hundred bold and able men and drilled them daily. Local bandits feared them and kept out of sight. Leping bordered Poyang, and Renyuan's reputation matched Yanqing's. When Nanchang went on alert and Yanqing went to assist in the suppression, Renyuan moved to act in Poyang in his stead. Before long Yanqing, fearing rebel raids, raced back to the county. Because Renyuan's parents, wife, and children were in Leping, he urgently urged him to leave. Renyuan said: "The rebels will arrive at any moment. To change command on the eve of battle would mean I am no true man." They therefore agreed to fight and defend together. Prolonged rain had swollen the lake, the wall had collapsed, and there was no strongpoint left to hold. They surveyed the terrain and deployed Yanqing's force at the south gate and Renyuan's at the north gate, forming pincers. Their deployment had barely been set when the rebels arrived under full sail. He ordered the troops to fire cannon and smash the rebel vessels. The rebels rounded to the east gate, landed, and entered the city. Yanqing met them in counterattack and drove them back slightly. They swung north again. Renyuan led the Leping militia in lane fighting; a spear struck him down and they hacked his body to pieces. His men still fought on; more than half were killed, but in the end they recovered Renyuan's body and brought it out.

初，樂平土匪度仁元去必復來，伏不敢動。及聞殉難，乃倡議迎賊。仁元母顧其婦及女曰：「禍將及矣，曷早計！」皆死之。城陷，仁元父及弟並不屈死。事聞，詔贈知府銜。與衍慶合祠於鄱陽，別於樂平建仁元專祠，父予墀、母陳氏、妻金氏、弟誠元、妹三人、妾楊氏及僕、婦等均附祀。

Earlier the bandits of Leping had assumed Renyuan would certainly return and had lain low, not daring to stir. When they heard he had died in the defense, they proposed welcoming the rebels. Renyuan's mother turned to his wife and daughters and said: "Disaster is about to strike—why not act now!" They all took their own lives. When the city fell, Renyuan's father and younger brother also died rather than submit. When word reached the throne, an edict posthumously granted him the honorary rank of prefect. He was enshrined together with Yanqing at Poyang, and a separate shrine to Renyuan was built at Leping. His father Yu Chi, mother née Chen, wife née Jin, younger brother Chengyuan, three sisters, concubine née Yang, and servants and women of the household were enshrined alongside him.

李福培，字仲謙，江蘇無錫人。道光二年舉人。會試十三次不遇，考教習，補左翼宗學教習。期滿，用知縣，咸豐元年，選授廣東從化縣。時廣西賊起，廣州為賊出沒所，從化界連七邑，距府城百七十里。四年，賊偪廣州，福培以花縣之石角及縣境之太平場為從化及諸邑屏障，請大府屯兵二千，兼可斷賊糧道，不報。乃自募壯丁數百人，與典史趙應端及從弟性培分將之。七月，賊數千直薄城下，福培登陴固守，率兵民力戰，凡七捷，斬八百餘級。九月，援賊大至，急解縣印授其子送省會，而誓以死守。賊舁砲攻城，裂數丈，賊蜂擁入。與應端、性培等巷戰，身受數傷，退至學宮尊經閣，猶投石殪賊，賊焚閣，三人同死之。僕週鏞、勇丁蘇兆英等皆殉難。卹福培贈知府銜，建專祠，特諡剛烈。福培就義處有血影漬地，如人形，濯之愈顯，後任建石欄護之，榜曰「忠跡昭然」。

Li Fupei, styled Zhongqian, was a native of Wuxi County in Jiangsu. He was a juren of the second year of Daoguang. After failing the metropolitan examination thirteen times, he passed the instructor examination and was appointed instructor at the Left Wing Imperial Clan School. When his term expired he was appointed district magistrate, and in the first year of Xianfeng was selected for Conghua County in Guangdong. Bandits had risen in Guangxi, and Guangzhou was a haunt of rebel raids. Conghua bordered seven districts and lay one hundred seventy li from the prefectural seat. In the fourth year rebels pressed Guangzhou. Fupei argued that Shijiao in Huaxian and Taiping Market in his jurisdiction were the shield for Conghua and neighboring districts, and asked the provincial authorities to station two thousand troops there to cut the rebels' grain route as well. No reply came. He therefore recruited several hundred able-bodied men himself and, with jail superintendent Zhao Yingduan and his younger cousin Xingpei, divided command among them. In the seventh month several thousand rebels pressed straight to the walls. Fupei mounted the ramparts and held firm, leading soldiers and civilians in fierce fighting. They won seven victories in all and killed more than eight hundred. In the ninth month relieving rebels arrived in force. He urgently removed the county seal and sent it with his son to the provincial capital, then swore to hold to the death. The rebels brought up cannon, opened a breach several zhang wide, and swarmed in. He fought in the lanes with Yingduan, Xingpei, and others and took several wounds. They retreated to the Zunjing Pavilion in the Confucian school, where he still hurled stones and killed rebels. The rebels burned the pavilion and all three died together. His servant Zhou Yong, militiaman Su Zhaoying, and others all died in the defense. Fupei was posthumously granted the honorary rank of prefect; a dedicated shrine was built, and he was specially granted the honorific title Ganglie, "Fierce Integrity." Where Fupei met his death, a bloodstain soaked the ground in the shape of a human figure; the more it was washed, the clearer it became. A later official built a stone railing to protect it and posted a plaque reading "Loyal Deeds Clearly Manifest."

王恩綬，字樂山，亦無錫人。與福培為中表昆弟。少以諸生受知巡撫林則徐，招入節署讀書，稱為篤行君子。道光二十九年順天鄉試舉人，考充宗學教習，勤其職。惠親王稽察宗學，語人曰：「不視此職為具文，孜孜不倦者，王教習一人而已。」期滿，以知縣候選。恩綬幼與福培同學，長以氣節相砥礪。同居京師，夜分論時事，慷慨罵諸將吏棄城與軍，輒面發赤。戟手搏案，聲震鄰舍，僮僕為驚起。福培仕廣東，恩綬與之書曰：「大丈夫當此時，與其老死牖下，孰若埋骨疆場耶？」及福培殉，益躍躍欲得一當。

Wang Enshou, styled Leshan, was also from Wuxi. He and Fupei were cousins. As a young licentiate he won the favor of Governor Lin Zexu, who invited him to study in his yamen and called him a man of steadfast conduct. A juren of the Shuntian examination in the twenty-ninth year of Daoguang, he passed the instructor examination and served at the Imperial Clan School, diligently performing his duties. When Prince Hui inspected the Imperial Clan School, he said: "Of those who do not treat this post as a mere formality and who work tirelessly, Instructor Wang alone is such a man." When his term expired he entered the pool of candidates for district magistrate. Enshou had studied with Fupei from youth; as adults they tempered each other's resolve and integrity. Living together in the capital, they discussed current affairs late into the night. Enshou would passionately denounce the generals and officials who abandoned cities and troops, his face flushing red each time. He would brandish his hand and pound the table until the sound shook the neighboring houses and the servants were startled awake. When Fupei took office in Guangdong, Enshou wrote to him: "At a time like this, is it not better for a true man to leave his bones on the battlefield than to die old beneath his window?" When Fupei died in the defense, Enshou grew all the more eager to seize his chance.

明年冬，武漢克復，當事以恩綬死事狀上聞，得旨賜祭葬，予諡武愍。既而御史汪朝棨疏言：「恩綬無守土責，而視死如歸，不特與草間偷活判若天淵，即較之城亡與亡亦分難易。且忠孝一門，僕從皆知赴戰，尤足扶植綱常。請於本籍建專祠。」會巡撫郭柏廕亦疏請建祠武昌，詔並許之。

The next winter Wuhan was recovered. The authorities reported Enshou's death in service to the throne; an edict granted sacrificial honors and burial rites and conferred the posthumous title Wumin, "Martyr of Martial Loyalty." Soon afterward Censor Wang Chaoqi memorialized: "Enshou had no duty to defend territory, yet he faced death as if returning home. This is not merely as far from skulking alive in the grass as heaven from the abyss; even compared with dying when one's city falls, the difficulty differs. Moreover, loyalty and filial piety were united in one household, and even servants knew to go into battle—this is especially fit to uphold the moral order. I request that a dedicated shrine be built in his native place." At the same time Governor Guo Baoyin also memorialized asking for a shrine at Wuchang; an edict granted both requests.

李右文，字伯蘭，順天通州人。舉人。，選授湖南東安知縣。粵匪犯天津，留辦本籍團練，以功賞知州銜。五年，赴官，值湘南道梗，諸弟馳書尼其行，不聽。至楚，權新寧。邑屢被寇，戶口流亡，右文招集撫循，凋敝以振。七年，以最調祁陽，時從弟載文殉難廣西，弟复馳書勸歸，慨然曰：「死生命也，脫捐頂踵報國，是得死所也，何慮為！」尋回東安任。八年，湖南境賊退，右文謂眾曰：「賊敗他竄，不可恃。」亟訓練民團，置倉穀數千石，備不虞。

Li Youwen, styled Bolan, was a native of Tongzhou in Shuntian. He was a juren. He was selected and appointed magistrate of Dong'an in Hunan. When Guangdong rebels threatened Tianjin, he remained to organize local militia in his native place and was awarded the honorary rank of prefect for his merit. In the fifth year he set out to take office. The roads in southern Hunan were blocked; his younger brothers sent urgent letters trying to stop him, but he would not listen. When he reached Hunan he served as acting magistrate of Xinning. The district had repeatedly suffered raids and the population had fled. Youwen gathered and comforted the people, reviving the wasted land. In the seventh year he was transferred to Qiyang for outstanding service. His cousin Zaiwen had just died in Guangxi, and his brothers again sent urgent letters urging him to return. He said with feeling: "Life and death are fate. If I can give even my head and heels to serve the state, that is finding the right place to die—what is there to worry about!" Soon afterward he returned to his post at Dong'an. In the eighth year the rebels withdrew from Hunan. Youwen told the people: "The rebels have been beaten and fled elsewhere—we cannot rely on that." He urgently trained the local militia and stored several thousand shi of grain against the unexpected.

九年春，石達開由江西回竄湖南，逼近東安，新寧紳眾數百人來迎，請避賊新寧。右文曰：「吾去，誰為守此土者？」已，復請護家口出境，又曰：「是為民望也。」卻其請。眾泣，誓死不忍去。三月，賊麕至，城卑，四面皆山，賊環瞰之。右文集城中官民登陴固守，親冒矢石，曆七晝夜，轟斃城下賊甚夥。城陷，與賊巷戰署東，身被重創，猶手刃數賊，力竭遇害，賊燔其屍，僅得脊骨歸葬。子傑、妻郝、子婦王，及僕婢，皆從死。新寧紳眾數百，亦先後戰死。詔視道員例賜卹，建祠本籍，隨殉親丁、紳勇附祀。

In the spring of the ninth year Shi Dakai fled back from Jiangxi into Hunan and approached Dong'an. Several hundred gentry from Xinning came to welcome him and asked him to flee the rebels to Xinning. Youwen said: "If I leave, who will defend this land?" Then they again asked that his family be escorted out of the district. He said again: "That would destroy the people's hope." He refused their request. The people wept and swore they could not bear to leave and would die if need be. In the third month the rebels gathered and arrived. The walls were low; mountains surrounded the city on every side, and the rebels looked down on it from all around. Youwen gathered officials and civilians to mount the ramparts and hold firm. He personally braved arrows and stones. For seven days and nights cannon fire killed many rebels below the walls. When the city fell he fought the rebels in the lanes east of the yamen. He was gravely wounded but still cut down several with his own hand. When his strength gave out he was killed. The rebels burned his body; only his spine was recovered for burial. His son Jie, wife née Hao, daughter-in-law née Wang, and servants and maids all died with him. Several hundred gentry from Xinning also fell in battle one after another. An edict granted posthumous honors according to the regulations for a circuit intendant, ordered a shrine built in his native place, and enshrined alongside him the kin, gentry, and militia who died with him.

子傑，字小蘭。縣丞。有幹略，侍父湖南，襄督練勇，進知縣。方賊之回竄也，右文知不免，作書與諸弟訣，命傑齎往，意欲生之也。傑不忍去，又重逆父命，潛避署左右，觀賊變。賊至，率練勇守南門，城陷，聞警馳父所，未至，遇害，屍同被焚。視同知例賜卹。

Jie, styled Xiaolan. He was an assistant magistrate. Capable and resourceful, he attended his father in Hunan, helped organize the militia, and was promoted to district magistrate. When the rebels were fleeing back, Youwen knew he could not escape. He wrote farewell letters to his younger brothers and ordered Jie to carry them, intending to keep him alive. Jie could not bear to leave, yet he also could not lightly disobey his father's command. He hid secretly near the yamen to watch how the rebels would act. When the rebels arrived he led the militia to defend the south gate. When the city fell he heard the alarm and raced to his father's side. Before he arrived he was killed; his body was burned as well. Posthumous honors were granted according to the regulations for a subprefect.

載文，字潞帆，右文從弟。舉人。三十年，以知縣發廣西，咸豐元年，權馬平縣。時洪秀全犯桂林，馬平賊李志信響應，載文率兵剿捕，殲之。尋調平南，五年，艇匪梁培友由梧州上竄，陷潯州，擾平南，載文御之渡口，砲轟沉其船，追擊斃匪無數。賊屢分撲南北岸，悉卻之。累以功擢同知直隸州。

Zaiwen, styled Lufan, was Youwen's younger cousin. He was a juren. In the thirtieth year he was sent to Guangxi as district magistrate; in the first year of Xianfeng he served as acting magistrate of Maping County. When Hong Xiuquan attacked Guilin, the Maping bandit Li Zhixin rose in response. Zaiwen led troops to suppress them and wiped out the band. He was soon transferred to Pingnan. In the fifth year the boat bandit Liang Peiyou fled upriver from Wuzhou, took Xunzhou, and harassed Pingnan. Zaiwen met him at the ferry crossing; cannon fire sank his boats, and in pursuit countless rebels were killed. The rebels repeatedly split forces to strike the north and south banks; he drove them all back. For repeated merit he was promoted to subprefect of a directly administered prefecture.

六年五月至七月，賊麕至，水陸環攻，載文偕參將曾廷相、張遇清，都司唐文燦等，嬰城固守，困重圍七十餘日。乞援、乞餉，告急文數十上，大吏但空言慰藉。載文知事不可為，遣親僕間道以縣印檄送桂林，獨激勵兵勇與賊相持，教諭傅揚清，把總呂耀文，生員傅揚芬、吳國霖先後戰死。賊攻益急，載文中砲傷腿，痛哭，北面頓首曰：「臣力盡，惟以一死報國，然不忍百姓屠戮也。」縱之去。千總方源開城私遁，賊乘隙入。載文、廷相率勇巷戰，手刃數十賊，力竭，自剄不殊，賊擁至船中，抗罵不屈，並臠割之。

From May through July of the sixth year rebels swarmed in; by land and water they encircled the city and assaulted it. Zaiwen, together with regimental commanders Zeng Tingxiang and Zhang Yuqing, battalion commander Tang Wencan, and others, held firm behind the walls, trapped under heavy siege for more than seventy days. They pleaded for reinforcements and supplies and sent dozens of urgent appeals, but the senior officials offered only empty words of comfort. Seeing that the situation was hopeless, Zaiwen sent a trusted servant by a secret route to Guilin with the county seal and official dispatches. He alone rallied the troops and militia to hold out against the rebels. The instructor Fu Yangqing, platoon commander Lü Yaowen, and students Fu Yangfen and Wu Guolin fell in battle one after another. As the rebel assault grew fiercer, Zaiwen was struck in the leg by cannon fire. In tears he bowed toward the north and said: "My strength is spent; I can repay the state only with my life, yet I cannot bear to see the people massacred." He let the people leave. Company commander Fang Yuan opened the gates and slipped away in secret, and the rebels poured through the breach. Zaiwen and Tingxiang led the militia in street fighting and personally killed dozens of rebels. When their strength was spent Zaiwen slit his own throat but did not die at once. The rebels dragged him onto a boat; he resisted and cursed without yielding, and they hacked him to pieces.

是役也，遇清守北門，持大刀斫賊三十餘，被賊攢刺無完膚，死。文燦守南城，率外委張珽巷戰死。守備張彪守火藥局，燃火轟斃賊百餘，亦戰死。載文、廷相死尤慘。先是巡撫勞崇光奏薦載文堪勝道府，兵部侍郎王茂廕亦奏保循聲卓著，擢桂林遺缺知府。命下，載文已遇害。贈太僕寺卿銜，賞世職，建祠本籍。同治十年，追諡壯烈。

In this battle Yuqing held the north gate, wielding a great sword and cutting down more than thirty rebels. They stabbed him from every side until not an inch of skin was whole, and he died. Wencan held the south wall and led the junior clerk Zhang Ting in street fighting until both were killed. Garrison commander Zhang Biao guarded the powder magazine, detonated it, and blew more than a hundred rebels to death; he too died in the fighting. Zaiwen and Tingxiang died especially horrific deaths. Earlier Governor Luo Chongguang had recommended Zaiwen as capable of serving at circuit or prefectural level. Vice Minister of War Wang Maoyin had also commended his outstanding reputation for upright governance. He was promoted to fill the vacant post of prefect of Guilin. By the time the appointment reached him, Zaiwen had already been killed. He was posthumously granted the honorary rank of Vice Minister of the Court of the Imperial Stud and awarded hereditary honors; a shrine was erected in his native place. In the tenth year of Tongzhi he was posthumously granted the honorific title Zhuanglie, "Heroic Martyrdom."

李榞，字紫籓，安徽宣城人。以監生入貲為知縣，，選授湖北公安，賑災有惠政。調孝感，再調鍾祥。咸豐二年，粵匪自長沙躪岳州，犯武昌，所在奸民競起，鍾祥馬騾子、襄陽郭大安、天門蓋天王皆盜魁，黨眾大者萬餘，小乃數千。榞教練壯士千餘人，捕馬騾子及其黨數十人斬之。偵知郭大安方謀以眾投粵賊，設伏間道擒之。乘大霧掩擊蓋天王，悉俘其眾。時武昌、漢陽相繼陷，上游諸郡帖然無恐者，榞平諸盜力也。既而武昌复，大吏上榞功，擢荊門州知州，調署江夏縣，鍾祥民萬眾攀留不得。

Li Yuan, styled Zifan, was a native of Xuancheng in Anhui. As an Imperial Academy student he purchased appointment as district magistrate and was assigned to Gong'an in Hubei, where his disaster relief earned him a reputation for benevolent governance. He was transferred to Xiaogan and then to Zhongxiang. In the second year of Xianfeng Cantonese rebels swept from Changsha through Yuezhou and struck at Wuchang, and local villains rose up everywhere. Ma Luozi of Zhongxiang, Guo Da'an of Xiangyang, and Gai Tianwang of Tianmen were all bandit chiefs, with followings numbering from several thousand up to more than ten thousand. Yuan trained more than a thousand stalwart men, captured Ma Luozi and dozens of his followers, and had them beheaded. Learning that Guo Da'an was plotting to bring his followers over to the Cantonese rebels, he set an ambush on a side route and captured him. Exploiting a heavy fog he struck Gai Tianwang by surprise and captured his entire band. When Wuchang and Hanyang fell in succession, the upstream prefectures remained calm and unafraid only where Yuan had suppressed the bandits. When Wuchang was recovered the senior officials reported Yuan's merits. He was promoted to magistrate of Jingmen Prefecture and transferred to serve as acting magistrate of Jiangxia County. Tens of thousands of people in Zhongxiang clung to him and pleaded for him to stay, but in vain.

會粵匪林鳳祥等北犯，其後隊自河南折入湖北，陷黃梅，趨麻城。榞率提標兵千人往援，擊賊黃岡之鵝公頸江口，大破之，窮追至安慶，與安慶兵夾擊，殲賊殆盡。還值宿松警，复破賊下倉埠，詔以知府升用。踰月，賊復自江西大至，寇廣濟之田家鎮，大吏檄榞往，連戰皆捷。最後戰，他將懦不進，榞率所部渡江擊賊。賊敗走，孤軍追賊，至興國州富池口，賊知榞軍無繼者，分舟中賊登岸襲其後。榞引就水軍，水軍走左，陷淖中，與所部二百人皆鬥死，咸豐三年九月十日也。事聞，贈道銜，予世職。公安、鍾祥之民，家祭巷哭，奉木主祀之。

Meanwhile the Cantonese rebels Lin Fengxiang and others pushed north; their rear column turned from Henan into Hubei, took Huangmei, and pressed toward Macheng. Yuan led a thousand provincial banner troops to their aid, routed the rebels at Egojing on the Yangtze in Huanggang, pursued them all the way to Anqing, and together with the Anqing garrison nearly wiped them out. On his return he met an alarm at Susong and again defeated the rebels at Xiacangbu. An edict ordered him promoted for appointment as prefect. Within a month the rebels again poured in from Jiangxi and raided Tianjiazhen in Guangji. The senior officials ordered Yuan there, and he won victory after victory. In the final battle the other commanders hung back in fear. Yuan led his own troops across the river to attack the rebels. The rebels were routed and fled. Yuan pursued them alone as far as Fuchikou in Xingguo Prefecture. Seeing that his force had no backup, the rebels sent men from their boats ashore to strike from the rear. Yuan turned toward the naval forces, but the sailors broke left and foundered in the mud. He and his two hundred men all died fighting. It was the tenth day of the ninth month of the third year of Xianfeng. When word reached the throne he was posthumously granted the honorary rank of circuit intendant and awarded hereditary honors. The people of Gong'an and Zhongxiang held household sacrifices and wept in the streets, enshrining spirit tablets in his honor.

始榞為縣，所至必於其地夷險豐耗、民俗醇訛、姦蠹根株、人所疾苦盡知之。為治行之出於至誠，人樂為用，原效死力。及其殉難，久而思之。同治二年，湖北大吏復奏榞死事甚烈，在官政績尤著，請宣城及死事所建專祠，詔可，予諡剛介。

From the time Yuan served as magistrate, wherever he went he made it his business to know the terrain—where it was harsh or easy, where there was want or plenty—whether local custom was upright or corrupt, where corruption had taken root, and what the people suffered. Because his governance sprang from utter sincerity, people were glad to serve him and willing to die in his cause. Long after he gave his life in service, they still remembered him. In the second year of Tongzhi the senior officials of Hubei memorialized again that Yuan had died a fiercely loyal death and that his official achievements were especially distinguished, requesting dedicated shrines at Xuancheng and at the place where he fell. The throne approved and granted the posthumous title Gangjie, "Firm Integrity."

陳肖儀，字幼泉，江西弋陽人。嘗遭母喪，扶柩舟行江中。夜火發，四面皆烈焰，肖儀以身伏柩上，隨江流飄蕩，不死，柩亦無恙，一時稱奇孝。年十九，官湖北縣丞，擢廣濟知縣。咸豐三年，粵匪破田家鎮，去縣七十里，縣故無城垣，召募鄉兵，皆望風走。肖儀知事不可為，持刃坐堂皇，賊入，數其罪，即抽刃自剄，未殊。賊縛之，曳於市。子恩藻奮臂擊賊，賊立殺之，肖儀罵益烈。賊鑿齒刳頰，膚盡見骨，三日乃死，賊解其體為五。縣民悲憤，賊去始斂焉。

Chen Xiaoyi, styled Youquan, was a native of Yiyang in Jiangxi. When his mother died he traveled the river by boat bearing her coffin. One night fire broke out and flames blazed on every side. Xiaoyi lay his body over the coffin and drifted with the current. He survived, and the coffin was unharmed. For a time he was hailed for extraordinary filial piety. At nineteen he served as assistant magistrate in Hubei and was promoted to magistrate of Guangji. In the third year of Xianfeng Cantonese rebels overran Tianjiazhen, seventy li from the county seat. The county had no walls. He called up local militia, but they all fled at the first sign of the enemy. Realizing that all was lost, Xiaoyi sat in the main hall with a blade in hand. When the rebels entered he denounced their crimes, then drew the blade and cut his own throat, but did not die at once. The rebels bound him and dragged him through the marketplace. His son Enzao lunged at the rebels, and they killed him on the spot. Xiaoyi cursed all the more fiercely. The rebels chiseled out his teeth and gouged his cheeks until flesh was stripped to the bone. After three days he died, and the rebels cut his body into five pieces. The county people grieved and raged. Only after the rebels withdrew did they gather his remains for burial.

萬成，滿洲鑲白旗人。道光二十四年舉人，揀發湖北知縣，署漢川，調安陸。咸豐四年，匪由武昌北竄，陷雲夢。時總督台湧駐兵德安，萬成陳戰守二策，湧不能用，欲退守三關，徐圖克復，且諷與俱去。萬成垂涕曰：「棄而不守，如百姓何？與城存亡，守土之義也！」其僕复勸之，並以主人無嗣為辭，萬成厲聲曰：「我家世受國恩，若臨難偷生，無以對國家，即無以對祖、父！」遂致書邑紳曰：「禍在旦夕，誰之責歟？一死塞責，不可為臣；有辱於親，不可為子。原不歸櫬於先人之墓，留葬於此，以志吾恨。」是夜警報沓至，萬成召團練諸紳，告以在城兵勇俱隨總督北發，己當以死守城。又知事必不濟，復作絕命書，與士民訣，略曰：「賊已至雲夢，勢必來德安，我惟攖城固守。不能，則以死繼之。諸君不我遐棄，能尋我遺骸，葬於碧霞台下，常此北望神京，則九原之下，感不忘矣！」逾日，賊距城二十餘裡，台湧擁兵徑去。萬成謁知府議救急策，甫出署，紅巾賊數十突至。知城陷，抽佩刀與戰，手刃數人，力竭死之，賊焚裂其屍。德安复，縣民卒收葬殘骨於碧霞台下，以遂其志。

Wan Cheng was a Manchu of the Bordered White Banner. A juren in the twenty-fourth year of Daoguang, he was selected for appointment as district magistrate in Hubei, served as acting magistrate of Hanchuan, and was transferred to Anlu. In the fourth year of Xianfeng rebels fled north from Wuchang and took Yunmeng. Governor-General Tai Yong was then encamped at De'an. Wan Cheng laid out plans for fighting and for holding the city, but Yong would not heed them. He wanted to fall back to the Three Passes and recover the territory gradually, and he hinted that Wan Cheng should leave with him. Wan Cheng wept and said: "If we abandon the city and refuse to hold it, what will become of the people? To live or die with the city is the duty of one who holds the soil!" His servant urged him again, also pleading that his master had no heir. Wan Cheng said sternly: "My family has received the state's grace for generations. If at a crisis I steal my life, I cannot face the state—nor my ancestors and my father!" He then wrote to the local gentry: "Disaster hangs by a thread. Who bears the blame? One death can answer for my duty; otherwise I cannot be a loyal subject; to bring shame on my kin is to be no son at all. I ask that my coffin not return to my forebears' tombs, but be buried here to mark my grief." That night alarm after alarm arrived. Wan Cheng summoned the militia gentry and told them that all troops in the city had marched north with the governor-general and that he would hold the city to the death. Knowing that all must fail, he also wrote a final letter to bid farewell to gentry and people, saying in essence: "The rebels have reached Yunmeng and will surely come to De'an. I can only hold the city under siege. If I cannot hold it, I will follow with my life. If you do not abandon me from afar, if you can find my remains and bury them beneath Bixia Terrace, ever facing north toward the capital, then in the land beyond I shall never forget your kindness!" The next day the rebels were still more than twenty li from the city when Tai Yong marched away with his troops. Wan Cheng called on the prefect to discuss emergency measures. Just as he stepped out of the yamen, dozens of red-turbaned rebels burst upon him. Seeing that the city had fallen, he drew his belt dagger and fought, killing several men himself. When his strength gave out he died, and the rebels burned and mutilated his body. When De'an was recovered the townspeople at last gathered his scattered bones and buried them beneath Bixia Terrace, fulfilling his wish.

袁祖德，字又村，浙江錢塘人。祖枚，以詩文名，官江寧，因家焉。祖德早慧，入貲為江蘇寶山縣丞。兵備道某稔其才，以上海縣令姚某漕事詿誤去，檄祖德擢縣事，且代姚辦漕，未五月，難作。先是縣中團練多閩、廣無賴，本地遊民和之，漫無紀律。粵匪據江寧為偽都，人心益搖，於是小刀會起事。小刀會者，即無賴遊民所結合，黨羽散佈，官役皆為耳目。道故粵產，謂中多粵人，置不為備；先發難嘉定，戕縣官，道仍不為備。咸豐三年八月初五日為上丁祀事日，黎明，祖德肅衣冠出，賊蟻擁入署。一賊號小禁子者，祖德嘗因案懲之，首犯祖德，刃交於胸，被十餘創，罵不絕口，死。

Yuan Zude, styled Youcun, was a native of Qiantang in Zhejiang. His grandfather Mei was famed for poetry and prose, held office in Jiangning, and settled the family there. Zude was precocious. He purchased appointment as assistant magistrate of Baoshan in Jiangsu. A circuit intendant for defense recognized his talent. When the magistrate of Shanghai, surnamed Yao, was dismissed over errors in the grain-transport service, he ordered Zude promoted to the county post and to take over the transport duties as well. Within five months crisis erupted. The county militia had largely been ruffians from Fujian and Guangdong, with local drifters falling in alongside them and no discipline at all. Cantonese rebels held Jiangning as their false capital, morale wavered ever more, and then the Small Sword Society rose in revolt. The Small Sword Society was an alliance of idle ruffians and drifters; its members were scattered everywhere, and yamen clerks and runners served as its eyes and ears. The intendant was himself a Cantonese native and, assuming many members were fellow Cantonese, took no precautions; they first rose in Jiading and killed the county magistrate, yet he still made no preparations. On the fifth day of the eighth month of the third year of Xianfeng—the upper day of sacrifice—Zude came out at dawn in full formal dress. Rebels swarmed into the yamen like ants. One rebel nicknamed Xiaojinzi whom Zude had once punished in a case struck first; blades crossed at his chest, he took more than a dozen wounds, cursed without ceasing, and died.

守備李大均得訊，躍馬呼殺賊，手無械，不能戰，自經死。

Garrison commander Li Dajun heard the news, leapt on his horse, and shouted for the rebels to be killed. With no weapon in hand he could not fight and hanged himself.

於松，漢軍正黃旗人。以廕授藍翎侍衛，出為江蘇松江糧廳。春，南漕改海運，漕船水手將譁變，大吏檄松資遣，變遂定。明年，大吏復以資遣事檄松，時粵賊已踞江寧為偽都，水手環而嘯呼，勢倍前。松為上息內閧計，藉其精壯而訓練之，不旬日，得勁卒二千人。會向榮躡賊圍江寧，江蘇境內稍安。六年，率所籍卒從巡撫吉爾杭阿剿鎮江，既成營，搏賊銀山下，戰屢捷。鎮江賊仰息江寧，既屢創，閉壘，潛略高資鎮。松以千人馳擊，渡夾江，平賊營。改攻鎮江城，以眾夜薄城下，梯垣縱火，潮勇噪而驚賊。賊起，燃巨砲，登者紛墜。松督隊在前，鉛丸中額，僕牙旗下，旋卒。潮勇故剽椎名盜，居嘗啗賊金，故為賊用，敗官軍。松死，麾下士千餘人，悲憤痛哭不忍聞。

Yu Song was a Han Bannerman of the Plain Yellow Banner. Through inherited privilege he was appointed a Blue Feather Bodyguard and went out to serve as grain intendant at Songjiang in Jiangsu. That spring the southern tribute route was switched to sea transport. The grain-boat sailors were on the verge of mutiny. The senior officials sent Song to fund their dismissal, and the unrest was settled. The next year the senior officials sent Song on the same dismissal mission again. By then Cantonese rebels had seized Jiangning as their false capital. The sailors crowded round in howling protest, their force twice what it had been before. To quell internal unrest for the throne, Song took their strongest men and trained them. Within ten days he had two thousand crack soldiers. Xiang Rong was then pressing the rebels and besieging Jiangning, and conditions within Jiangsu grew somewhat calmer. In the sixth year he led the troops he had enrolled and followed Governor Jierhang'a against Zhenjiang. Once the camp was established he fought the rebels at Silver Mountain below the city and won victory after victory. The rebels at Zhenjiang depended on Jiangning for their survival. After repeated defeats they shut themselves in their fortifications and secretly raided Gaozi. Song led a thousand men in a swift attack, crossed the Jiajiang, and overran the rebel camp. He then turned to assault Zhenjiang itself. At night he brought his force close beneath the walls, raised ladders, and set fires. The Chaoyong braves raised a din and startled the rebels. The rebels roused themselves, fired great cannon, and the climbers fell one after another from the walls. Song led from the front. A musket ball struck his forehead and he fell beneath his commander's flag; he died shortly after. The Chaoyong braves were violent brawlers and notorious bandits by nature. They often took silver from the rebels, so they served the rebels and routed the government troops. When Song died, more than a thousand men under his command wept in grief and rage too painful to hear.

尚那布，國羅落氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人。咸豐三年，由舉人揀發江蘇知縣，八年，署溧陽。僕從蕭然，日集士紳議戰守，不退食。兵勇踐境，親立城卡彈壓，出境乃已。創義學，築舍數十楹，集諸生講肄，購田百餘畝供膏火。修葺文廟，庀材鳩胥，捐廉為之倡。疏濬城河，懋遷稱便。迭以軍需籌防、催徵力最，賞知府銜。十年賊陷廣德，溧陽界其北，尚那布誓死守。賊眾逼城下，急切無援，督練勇擊賊退。未幾，賊復大集，攻城愈迫，越日城陷。尚那布厲聲叱曰：「我溧陽知縣，練勇殺賊，我作主，速殺我，勿傷百姓！」遂遇害。卹贈太僕寺卿銜，賞世職。時署金壇縣知縣李淮同以城陷殉難。

Shang Nabubu was of the Guoluoluo clan, a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner. In the third year of Xianfeng he was selected as a juren for appointment as district magistrate in Jiangsu. In the eighth year he served as acting magistrate of Liyang. His staff was sparse. Each day he gathered the gentry to discuss defense and never left his post even to eat. When troops and militia trampled through the district he personally stood at the city checkpoint to keep order and did not stand down until they had left the jurisdiction. He founded a charitable school, built several dozen rooms, gathered scholars for lectures and study, and purchased more than a hundred mu of land to fund their stipends. He restored the Confucian temple, gathered materials and labor, and took the lead with a donation from his official salary. He dredged the city moat, and traders praised the convenience. Time and again he distinguished himself in provisioning the army, organizing defenses, and collecting taxes. He was awarded the honorary rank of prefect. In the tenth year of Xianfeng the rebels took Guangde. Liyang lay on its northern border, and Shang Nabubu vowed to defend the city to the last. Rebel forces pressed up to the walls. With no help forthcoming, he drilled the militia and beat the rebels back. Before long the rebels massed again and pressed the assault ever harder. The next day the city fell. Shang Nabubu shouted in a thunderous voice: "I am the magistrate of Liyang. The militia killed rebels at my order. Strike me down at once—do not harm the people!" Thereupon he was slain. Posthumously he was awarded the rank of Vice Minister of the Court of the Imperial Stud and granted a hereditary office. At the same time Li Huaitong, acting magistrate of Jintan, also perished defending his city when it fell.

淮，字小石，浙江鄞縣人。固守至百餘日，賊乘霧登城，淮朝服坐堂皇，罵賊死之。

Huai, courtesy name Xiaoshi, was a native of Yin County in Zhejiang. He held out for more than a hundred days. The rebels scaled the walls in the fog. Huai sat in his court robes in the main hall, cursed the rebels, and died.

唐治，字魯泉，江蘇句容人。道光五年舉人，大挑知縣，分安徽，補桐城縣。歲大水，請帑勸分，按口賑施，不假手胥吏，一月鬚髮為白。調祁門，舊有東山書院，生童膏火取給鹽釐，治別籌捐項充經費，士商兩便之。又立義廒，積穀至數万石。時粵賊據江寧，安徽改省治廬州，賊船上下無所忌。上書陳利害，不報；祁門無兵，依山為城，徽州以富名，賊欲圖徽，必道祁，請以兵守，又不報；而祁之奸民前苦治嚴緝者，遂為賊鄉道。道光四年正月，賊入縣屬櫸根嶺，治招集團丁，激以大義，誓共城存亡。時大洪司巡檢鍾普塘亦帶勇入城協守，賊偪西門，治督眾登陴迎戰，砲轟斃匪數十人。大股猝至，城遂陷，猶奮勇巷戰，力竭馬蹶，與普塘同時被執。誘降不可，凌辱之，不屈，以禮遇之，終不食飲，卒罵賊死。普塘同時遇害，沉屍於河。

Tang Zhi, courtesy name Luquan, was a native of Jurong in Jiangsu. In the fifth year of Daoguang he passed the provincial examination, was selected for appointment as magistrate, was assigned to Anhui, and took up the post of magistrate of Tongcheng. That year catastrophic floods struck. He secured treasury funds and urged private contributions, distributing relief by head count without leaving the work to clerks. Within a month his hair had turned white. He was transferred to Qimen. The old Dongshan Academy there had drawn students' stipends from salt levies. Zhi raised separate donations to cover the costs, to the benefit of scholars and merchants alike. He also established a charitable granary and stockpiled tens of thousands of shi of grain. At the time the Taiping rebels held Nanjing. Anhui had moved its provincial seat to Luzhou, and rebel boats moved freely up and down the river. He submitted memorials detailing the dangers of the situation, but received no reply. Qimen had no garrison. Its walls clung to the mountains. Huizhou was renowned for its wealth, and the rebels, intending to seize it, would have to pass through Qimen. He requested troops to hold the place, but again received no reply. The local ruffians of Qimen, who had chafed under his strict enforcement, now guided the rebels into the district. In the first month of the fourth year of Daoguang, rebels entered Jungen Ridge within the county. Zhi gathered the militia, roused them with the call of duty, and swore to live or die with the city. At the time Zhong Putang, assistant inspector of Dahong Subprefecture, also led militiamen into the city to help defend it. The rebels pressed the west gate. Zhi led his men onto the battlements to meet them, and cannon fire killed dozens of rebels. A large force arrived without warning and the city fell. He still fought fiercely in the streets until his strength gave out and his horse stumbled. He and Putang were captured together. They tried to win him over, but he refused. They humiliated him, but he would not bend. They then treated him with courtesy, yet he still would not eat or drink, and in the end cursed the rebels and died. Putang was killed at the same time, and his body was cast into the river.

普塘，紹興人。賊欲說降之，曰：「吾年逾六十矣，即不知羞恥事，能再活六十餘耶？」傳其罵賊尤烈雲。，曾國籓請於祁門建專祠，以鍾普塘附祀。

Putang was a native of Shaoxing. When the rebels tried to persuade him to surrender, he said: "I am already past sixty. Even if I were shameless enough to submit, could I live another sixty years?" Tradition holds that his curses against the rebels were especially fierce. Zeng Guofan requested a dedicated shrine at Qimen, with Zhong Putang enshrined alongside him.

賊躪安徽，守土吏殉節死者，又有泗州知州鄭沅，六安州知州金寶樹，蒙城縣知縣宋維屏，望江縣知縣衛君選，盱眙縣知縣許垣。沅，順天大興人；寶樹，江蘇元和人；君選，河南趙城人；垣，江蘇上元人；維屏籍未詳。

As the rebels ravaged Anhui, other local officials who died defending their posts included Zheng Yuan, prefect of Sizhou; Jin Baoshu, prefect of Lu'an; Song Weiping, magistrate of Mengcheng; Wei Junxuan, magistrate of Wangjiang; and Xu Yuan, magistrate of Xuyi. Yuan was a native of Daxing in Shuntian. Baoshu was a native of Yuanhe in Jiangsu. Junxuan was a native of Zhaocheng in Henan. Xu Yuan was a native of Shangyuan in Jiangsu. Weiping's place of origin is not recorded.

林源恩，字秀三，四川達州人。拔貢生。舉順天鄉試，咸豐元年，選湖南平江縣知縣。二年秋，粵賊犯長沙，瀏陽、通城匪徒皆為亂，三縣皆與平江接壤。源恩詰姦守隘，如防禦水，截然不得蟄。江忠源以為才，保奏知州銜，又以書播告士友，道「林某堪軍旅」也。時曾國籓治兵長沙，檄源恩募平江勇五百人以從。旋有他賊自崇陽、通城犯平江，檄源恩回援，壁北鄉之上塔市。三月四日，賊大至，環源恩壘，源恩逆戰，大捷，追奔數十里。既而塔齊布、胡林翼師克通城，平江解嚴，師別剿，則賊仍麕至，源恩屢戰卻之。會有忌源恩者，功不得敘，又別摭他事中之。源恩憤甚，詣大府自陳，而謇於辭，卒莫能自達。

Lin Yuan'en, courtesy name Xiusan, was a native of Dazhou in Sichuan. He was a selected tribute student. He passed the Shuntian provincial examination. In the first year of Xianfeng he was appointed magistrate of Pingjiang County in Hunan. In the autumn of the second year the Taiping rebels attacked Changsha. Ruffians in Liuyang and Tongcheng rose in revolt. All three counties bordered Pingjiang. Yuan'en interrogated traitors and guarded the passes as if holding back a flood, allowing no breach whatsoever. Jiang Zhongyuan regarded him as talented, memorialized the throne recommending him for the rank of prefect, and also wrote to his scholarly friends declaring that "Lin is fit for military command." At the time Zeng Guofan was raising troops at Changsha and ordered Yuan'en to recruit five hundred Pingjiang militiamen to serve under him. Soon other rebels from Chongyang and Tongcheng invaded Pingjiang. Yuan'en was ordered back to relieve the county and entrenched at Shangtashi in the northern township. On the fourth day of the third month the rebels arrived in force and encircled Yuan'en's camp. Yuan'en met them in battle and won a great victory, pursuing the fugitives for dozens of li. Later the army under Taqibuy and Hu Linyi captured Tongcheng, the alarm in Pingjiang was lifted, and the army marched off on other campaigns. Then rebels swarmed in again, and Yuan'en repeatedly drove them back. But there were those who envied Yuan'en, so his merits went unrewarded, and others seized on other matters to bring accusations against him. Yuan'en was deeply indignant. He went to the provincial governor to plead his case, but he was halting in speech and in the end could not make himself understood.

遂從國籓九江軍，命治羅澤南糧台。乙卯春，從克廣信，賞花翎。又治塔齊布糧台，旋任水師營務。十一月，又攝理陸軍於廬山之麓、姑塘之南，而江西巡撫聞源恩賢，飛檄至南昌，付以所新募之平江營者。源恩在廬山，又與共事武夫不相能，憤彌甚，嘗獨歎曰：「丈夫一死強寇耳，終不返顧矣！」

He then joined Guofan's army at Jiujiang and was ordered to manage Luo Zemin's supply depot. In the spring of the yimao year he took part in the capture of Guangxin and was awarded a peacock feather. He again managed Taqibuy's supply depot and soon took charge of naval camp affairs. In the eleventh month he also acted in command of the land army at the foot of Mount Lu and south of Gufang. The Jiangxi governor, hearing that Yuan'en was a man of talent, sent an urgent dispatch to Nanchang entrusting him with the newly recruited Pingjiang Battalion. At Mount Lu Yuan'en again could not get along with the military men serving alongside him. His anger grew ever fiercer, and once he sighed alone: "A man need only die fighting fierce rebels—and never look back!"

明年，石達開犯江西，連陷八府五十餘州縣。六年三月，李元度率師自湖口南來，源恩與鄧輔綸自南昌而東，兩軍會於撫州，克進賢東鄉，進破文昌橋堅壘五，赭其巢。既薄城，源恩壁南門，元度壁西南隅，相去四里。賊嬰城拒守，堅不可拔。當是時，江、楚道梗，瑞、臨、袁、吉四郡無一官軍。援賊不時至，至則合城賊來犯，所部迎擊三十里外，輒重創之，破賊壘者九，大小戰五十有六，皆告捷。然部下血戰久，疲不得休，裹創者十之三，病者十四五。會輔綸中蜚語去，在事者多告退，源恩勢益孤，餉日絀。

The next year Shi Dakai invaded Jiangxi and in succession captured more than fifty prefectures and counties across eight circuits. In the third month of the sixth year Li Yuandu led his army south from Hukou. Yuan'en and Deng Fuzun marched east from Nanchang. The two armies met at Fuzhou, captured Jinxian and Dongxiang, advanced and broke five strong fortifications at Wenchang Bridge, and burned out their strongholds. When they drew near the city, Yuan'en encamped at the south gate and Yuandu at the southwest corner, four li apart. The rebels held the city and resisted. It could not be taken. At that time the routes between Jiangxi and Huguang were cut off, and in the four prefectures of Rui, Lin, Yuan, and Ji there was not a single government army. Rebel reinforcements arrived from time to time, and whenever they came they joined the defenders in attacking the besiegers. Yuan'en's troops met them thirty li outside the walls and always inflicted heavy losses, breaking nine rebel camps. In fifty-six engagements large and small, all ended in victory. Yet his men had fought in blood for a long time, weary and unable to rest. One in three bore bandaged wounds; one in four or five were sick. Then Fuzun fell victim to slander and withdrew. Many of those in the field resigned. Yuan'en's position grew ever more isolated, and supplies daily ran short.

宜黃、崇仁兩縣來乞師，謂克宜、崇則能拊撫賊之背，且勸士民輸餉，可得十數万。源恩與元度遂分江、楚軍共五千徇西路。九月三日，克宜黃，九日，克崇仁，俘斬各數百。忽皖賊數千自景德鎮來援，急撤宜、崇軍，官民苦留不遣。將士亦以久飢甫得一飽，不能行。賊趨撫州，十六日，扼河而戰。水涸，賊駷馬飛渡，追而敗諸城下。

The two counties of Yihuang and Chongren came begging for troops, saying that if Yihuang and Chongren were taken they could strike the rebels in the rear, and that by urging the gentry and people to supply provisions they could raise one or two hundred thousand taels. Yuan'en and Yuandu then divided the Jiang-Hu army, five thousand strong, to advance along the western route. On the third day of the ninth month they captured Yihuang. On the ninth day they captured Chongren, taking and killing several hundred in each place. Suddenly several thousand rebels from Anhui came from Jingdezhen to relieve the siege. They hurriedly withdrew the Yihuang and Chongren armies, but officials and people bitterly pleaded that they not be sent away. The officers and men too, having gone hungry for so long and only just having had one full meal, could not march. The rebels pressed toward Fuzhou. On the sixteenth day they fought with the river at their back. The river had run dry. The rebels galloped across at full speed, pursued them, and defeated them beneath the walls.

先是源恩所部之右護軍遣赴崇仁，留三百人守壘，賊诇知之，詰旦出犯，先陷右軍，遂圍源恩壁。源恩慷慨諭將士曰：「好男子，努力殺賊，無走也！」眾皆應曰：「惟公命。」都司唐德昇馳入壁，掖源恩上馬，源恩曰：「此吾死所也，子受事日淺，其行乎！」德昇曰：「君能死，吾獨不能死耶？」從容解金條脫畀其從子某，曰：「若馳去，吾與林公死此矣！」壘破，源恩手劍鏦賊，力竭，死之。德昇素驍健，格殺十餘賊，始被害。從死者三百餘人。源恩年僅四十。追贈道員，賜卹如例。

Earlier Yuan'en's Right Guard Army had been sent to Chongren, leaving three hundred men to hold the camp. The rebels learned this through spies. At dawn they sallied forth to attack, first overthrowing the right army, then encircling Yuan'en's camp. Yuan'en addressed the officers and men with generous spirit: "Good men, strive hard to kill the rebels. Do not flee!" All answered: "We obey your command alone." Battalion commander Tang Desheng galloped into the camp and helped Yuan'en mount a horse. Yuan'en said: "This is where I die. You have served only a short time—go!" Desheng said: "If you can die, can I alone not die?" Calmly he removed a gold ingot and handed it to a nephew, saying: "You ride off. I and Master Lin will die here!" The camp was overrun. Yuan'en took sword in hand and thrust at the rebels until his strength failed and he died. Desheng was by nature fierce and strong. He killed more than ten rebels in close combat before he too was slain. More than three hundred died with them. Yuan'en was only forty years old. Posthumously he was promoted to circuit intendant and granted mourning stipends according to regulation.

德昇，字彥遠，寧遠人。舊隸副將周鳳山部下，以十五日奉檄來軍，十七日及難，贈游擊。

Desheng, courtesy name Yanyuan, was a native of Ningyuan. He had formerly served under Vice General Zhou Fengshan. On the fifteenth he received orders to join the army; on the seventeenth he met disaster. Posthumously he was awarded the rank of guerrilla colonel.

畢大鈺，湖南長沙人。，以附生守長沙南關，粵賊砲轟城塌，大鈺斂空棺實土為牆，頃刻成三十餘丈。隨提督鄧紹良堅拒八十餘日，殲賊數千。賊自湖北迴竄，湘潭、靖港均陷，大鈺復以防省功選用府經歷、縣丞。湖北崇陽、通城陷，大鈺复領兵赴剿。諜知賊由平江搗長沙，絕饋道，厲兵為備，賊不得逞。行軍禁騷擾，一蔬一木無妄取。通城亂久無官，為立團防，鋤土匪，通人安業。因其歸，報金巨萬，大鈺卻不受。四年，保用知縣，授浙江仙居知縣，案無留牘。地瘠民貧，逋賦多，大鈺在官，民爭輸納。尋捐知府，浙江巡撫何桂清留筦糧台，檄赴於潛防堵。又以開化疊警，調防婺源。初戰屢捷，尋賊以三千人圍南關，大鈺偕胞侄候選通判榮清合剿，賊大至，力竭，均死之。卹贈太僕寺卿，賞世職。

Bi Dayu was a native of Changsha in Hunan. As a supplemental licentiate he defended the south gate of Changsha. Taiping cannon fire breached the wall. Dayu gathered empty coffins, filled them with earth to build a wall, and in an instant completed more than thirty zhang. Following Grand Coordinator Deng Shaoliang he held firm for more than eighty days and destroyed several thousand rebels. When rebels doubled back from Hubei, Xiangtan and Jinggang both fell. Dayu was again selected for appointment as prefectural secretary and assistant magistrate for his services in defense. When Chongyang and Tongcheng in Hubei fell, Dayu again led troops to suppress them. Through spies he learned that rebels would strike Changsha by way of Pingjiang and cut the supply route. He hardened his troops and made ready, and the rebels could not prevail. On campaign he forbade harassment. Not a vegetable or tree was taken without cause. Tongcheng had long been in disorder with no officials. He established militia defense, uprooted bandits, and the people of Tongcheng lived in peace. In gratitude for his return they offered him a gift of tens of thousands of taels of gold, but Dayu refused to accept it. In the fourth year he was recommended for appointment as magistrate and was appointed magistrate of Xianju in Zhejiang. No case lingered on his desk. The land was poor and the people impoverished, and tax arrears were many. While Dayu held office the people competed to pay their dues. Soon he purchased the rank of prefect. Zhejiang Governor He Guiqing kept him to manage the supply depot and ordered him to Yuqian for blocking operations. Because Kaihua was repeatedly alarmed, he was transferred to defend Wuyuan. At first he won repeated victories. Then rebels with three thousand men besieged the south gate. Dayu, together with his younger cousin, candidate vice prefect Rong Qing, joined in a combined attack. The rebels arrived in force. Their strength failed and both died. Posthumously he was awarded the rank of Vice Minister of the Court of the Imperial Stud and granted a hereditary office.

湯世銓，字彥聲，順天大興籍，江蘇武進人。舉人。，以知縣發浙江，七年，署開化縣。時粵匪闌入浙境，由常山窺開化，委署者多不肯往，世銓獨毅然請行，至則募勇防守。八年三月，賊首石達開擾浙，衢州鎮總兵饒廷選戰敗，遂偪開化。世銓聞警登陴，賊突至，城陷，世銓拔佩刀自剄，為紳民奪刀擁出，不得死。陰約各都結團，且飛書請兵，會鶴麗鎮總兵週天孚督軍追擊，賊奔處州，世銓率團沿途截殺。

Tang Shiquan, courtesy name Yansheng, was registered in Daxing, Shuntian, though a native of Wujin in Jiangsu. He was a provincial graduate. He was dispatched to Zhejiang as magistrate. In the seventh year he served as acting magistrate of Kaihua. At the time Taiping rebels had broken into Zhejiang from Changshan and were eyeing Kaihua. Many of those appointed to acting posts refused to go. Shiquan alone resolutely volunteered. When he arrived he recruited militia for defense. In the third month of the eighth year the rebel chieftain Shi Dakai harassed Zhejiang. Rao Tingxuan, regional commander at Quzhou, was defeated in battle, and the rebels then pressed Kaihua. Shiquan, hearing the alarm, mounted the battlements. The rebels burst in suddenly and the city fell. Shiquan drew his sword to cut his throat, but gentry and people seized the blade and dragged him out, so he could not die. In secret he arranged for each district to form militia units and sent urgent dispatches requesting reinforcements. Regional commander Zhou Tianfu of Heli led troops in pursuit, and the rebels fled toward Chuzhou. Shiquan led the militia units in intercepting and killing them along the route.

六月，縣城复，仍因失守褫職，代未至，仍帶勇守禦。七月，賊由常山復攻開化，江蘇候補知縣劉福林帥鄉勇方檄赴寧國。世銓請於大府，留籍防禦，而以城守囑縣丞某，且出印印其衣，畢，遣人賚印至府授代者，遂出禦賊於華埠。賊至，疊擊敗之。會貴州定遠協副將硃貴統兵三千夾援，戰失利，世銓急整隊出，倉猝不能成陣，力鬥，與福林同歿於戰所。以印衣覓得屍，胸腹腰肋創十數。勇目方忠同死於其側。事聞，復原官，卹如例，給世職。

In the sixth month the county seat was recovered. Though still stripped of office for the fall of the city, his replacement had not yet arrived, so he continued to lead militia in the defense. In the seventh month the rebels again attacked Kaihua from Changshan. Liu Fulin, a candidate magistrate from Jiangsu, was leading local militia and had just received orders to proceed to Ningguo. Shiquan petitioned the provincial authorities to remain and defend the area. He entrusted the city walls to an assistant magistrate, stamped his official seal on his clothing, and sent an envoy to deliver the seal to his successor at the prefectural seat. Then he went out to meet the rebels at Huabu. When the rebels arrived he repeatedly struck and drove them back. At that time Zhu Gui, assistant regional commander of the Dingyuan Brigade in Guizhou, brought three thousand troops in converging relief. The battle went against them. Shiquan hurriedly rallied his men and went out, but in the rush could not form proper lines. Fighting with all his strength, he fell on the field together with Fulin. His body was identified by the stamped clothing. His chest, belly, waist, and ribs bore more than ten wounds. The militia squad leader Fang Zhong died at his side. When word reached the court his original rank was restored, he received mourning stipends according to regulation, and a hereditary office was granted.

謝子澄，字云航，四川新都人。舉人，大挑知縣，分直隸。咸豐元年，署無極縣，二年，補天津。天津地濱海，獷悍難治，市有所謂「混混」者，健武善鬥。子澄至，見前令系諸混混，歎曰：「是奚不可化者？」籍其名，縱之。未幾，縱者閧於市，子澄按名捕，殛其魁，地面遂靖。時粵匪出擾湘、漢，順流而東，遣酋林鳳祥、李開芳分兵渡河，莫測所向。人方謂南北道隔，賊不敢犯，子澄深以為憂。捐金倡團練，召所縱諸混混，以周處故事喻之，眾皆為用。回民劉繼德复集回民千餘人應之，遂率赴教場，授器械，教戰陣之法，其妻亦撤簪珥以助。長蘆鹽政文謙歸財與糧，隨時協濟，子澄得一意練兵。

Xie Zicheng, courtesy name Yunhang, was a native of Xindu in Sichuan. A provincial graduate, he was selected in the grand nomination for magistrate and assigned to Zhili. In the first year of Xianfeng he served as acting magistrate of Wuji. In the second year he was appointed to Tianjin. Tianjin lay by the sea, and its people were fierce and hard to govern. In the markets were men known as "hunhun"—hardy brawlers skilled in fighting. When Zicheng arrived he saw the previous magistrate had imprisoned the various hunhun. He sighed and said: "Are these men beyond reform?" He registered their names and released them. Before long the released men raised a disturbance in the market. Zicheng arrested them by name, executed their ringleader, and the district was soon pacified. At the time Taiping rebels raided through Hunan and the Han region, flowing east along the river. They sent chieftains Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang to divide their forces and cross north. No one could tell where they would strike next. People were saying the routes north and south were cut off and the rebels would not dare invade. Zicheng was deeply worried. He donated money to sponsor militia training, called up the various hunhun he had released, and used the tale of Zhou Chu to instruct them. All came to serve. The Hui Muslim Liu Jide in turn rallied more than a thousand Hui to answer the call. He led them to the drill ground, supplied weapons, and taught battle formations. His wife also removed her hairpins and earrings to help. Wen Qian, the Changlu salt commissioner, supplied funds and grain whenever needed. Zicheng was thus able to concentrate entirely on drilling troops.

未幾，賊圍懷慶。踰月，渡臨洺關，總督納爾經額帥師遁，遂經順河、柏鄉、欒城入深州。主閫者務持重，雖數奉詔夾剿，而習於潰逃，數避賊。其奮勇者尾追數千里，氣亦餒，賊勢益橫。又經獻縣、交河，以薄滄州，滄州號有備，亦為所拔。津地大震。

Before long the rebels besieged Huaiqing. After more than a month they crossed Linming Pass. Governor-General Nayanceng fled with his army, and the rebels passed through Sunhe, Baixiang, and Luancheng into Shenzhou. The supreme commanders sought to play it safe. Although repeatedly ordered by imperial edict to attack from both sides, they were accustomed to breaking and fleeing and often avoided the rebels. The brave ones who pursued them covered thousands of li, but their spirit flagged as well, and the rebels grew ever bolder. They passed again through Xian County and Jiaohe, pressing toward Cangzhou. Though Cangzhou was said to be well prepared, it too fell. The Tianjin region was thrown into alarm.

九月，賊至梢直口，大吏不知所為，議嬰城守。子澄以負郭居民數十萬，不應棄之，力爭。遂用沿河棹小舟以火器取野鶩者，又火會會眾萬人，合水陸拒賊，而別向火會首事張錦文籌貲。先是錦文輸家財濬壕，壕成，運河水大至，環城窪下成巨浸，而葡萄窪尤甚。子澄阻壕守，渡壕擊賊。賊酋開山王小禿子手黃旗指揮，迅奮剽疾，能一躍丈餘，避槍擊。子澄先伏打野鴨船於岸外，賊以為民船也，呼渡，船槍發，殪小禿子，群賊奪氣。伏舟進擊餘賊，血流染波。日晡，軍餒，錦文又齎糗糧至，戰益奮。勇目余鵬龍等相繼陷陣，复斬級無算，賊遁。是役也，子澄功最，旨以知府用，留本任。

In the ninth month the rebels reached Shaozhikou. The senior officials were at a loss and debated simply holding the walls under siege. Zicheng argued that the hundreds of thousands of residents outside the walls must not be abandoned, and he pressed the point forcefully. Thereupon they employed along the river duck hunters who rowed small boats armed with firearms. They also mustered ten thousand men through the fire-society guild, combining land and water forces to resist the rebels, while separately securing funds from Zhang Jinwen, head of the guild. Earlier Jinwen had spent family wealth to dredge the moats. When they were done, Grand Canal water surged in, and the low ground around the city became a vast flood, deepest at Putao Wa. Zicheng held the line at the moat and crossed it to strike the rebels. The rebel chieftain Kaishan Wang Xiao Tuzi commanded under a yellow flag. Swift, fierce, and agile, he could leap more than a zhang in one bound and dodge musket fire. Zicheng had hidden duck-hunting boats offshore. The rebels took them for civilian craft and called to be ferried across. The boats opened fire and killed Xiao Tuzi. The rebel host lost heart. The hidden boats advanced against the remaining rebels. Blood stained the waves. By late afternoon the troops were hungry. Jinwen brought dried provisions again, and the fighting grew fiercer still. Militia squad leaders Yu Penglong and others fell in battle one after another. Again the heads taken were beyond counting, and the rebels fled. In this battle Zicheng's merit was greatest. By imperial decree he was to be appointed prefect but kept at his current post.

時賊退踞靜海及獨流鎮，子澄奉調赴勝保營，列營河西。賊由獨流出撲，屢擊退之。嗣靜海賊傾巢出援，子澄追剿，賊竄，正窘，會都統佟鑑思絕賊歸路，進掣壕板，以路滑失足踣地，賊刃交下。子澄單騎馳救，砲洞馬腹，身受七傷。鵬龍負之趨，子澄曰：「憊矣！爾亟行，毋顧我。」賊酋高剛頭薄之急，子澄恐為所辱，沉於河。鵬龍率從子陳樑等皆戰死。事聞，加布政使銜，諡忠愍，建專祠。喪車還津，無貴賤皆往吊，哭如私親。天津祠落成，蠡縣人李某，生致高剛頭，剖心以祭。

At the time the rebels withdrew to hold Jinghai and Duliuzhen. Zicheng was ordered to Sheng Bao's camp and encamped west of the river. The rebels sallied from Duliuzhen in assault and were repeatedly driven back. Then the Jinghai rebels sent their entire force in relief. Zicheng pursued them. The rebels scattered and were in dire straits when, by chance, Banner general Tong Jian, seeking to cut their retreat, advanced and pulled up the plank over the moat. The road was slippery; he lost his footing and fell, and rebel blades struck from all sides. Zicheng galloped alone to his rescue. A cannon ball pierced the horse's belly, and he himself received seven wounds. Penglong carried him as he fled. Zicheng said: "I am spent! You must go at once. Do not mind me." The rebel chieftain Gao Gangtou pressed close. Fearing shame at their hands, Zicheng drowned himself in the river. Penglong, together with his adopted son Chen Liang and others, all died fighting. When word reached the court he was awarded the rank of administrative commissioner, given the posthumous epithet Zhongmin, and a dedicated shrine was built. The funeral cart returned to Tianjin. Without distinction of rank, all came to mourn, weeping as for a kinsman of their own. When the Tianjin shrine was completed, a certain Li of Li County captured Gao Gangtou alive and cut out his heart as an offering.

子澄好為小詩，工駢體文，為政有聲，卒以殺賊致殞。人謂賊自河北經山西，所至席捲無堅城，獨受挫於子澄，使京師得以為備，其關係尤重雲。

Zicheng enjoyed composing short poems and was skilled at parallel prose. His governance won renown, yet he finally fell while killing rebels. People said the rebels, marching from Hebei through Shanxi, swept all before them and no walled city held firm. Only before Zicheng did they suffer defeat, giving the capital time to prepare its defenses—a connection of the utmost importance indeed.

先是賊過臨洺關，同知周憲曾公服坐餉鞘上，罵賊死。後子澄以知縣死直隸者：江安瀾，廣西臨桂人。舉人，挑教職，保知縣，發直隸，補柏鄉。咸豐元年，調靜海。賊北犯，靜海為畿南衝要，大軍援剿，供應無乏。賊入境，偕署都司潘宗得等擒斬偽司馬陳得旺，大隊麕至，官軍眾寡不敵，遽潰。城陷，赴水死。破沙河，王衡身中七刃死；破欒城，唐盛朝服罵賊，賊縛之柱上死，典史陳虎臣從死。

Earlier, when the rebels passed Linming Pass, Vice Prefect Zhou Xian sat in official robes on a supply wagon and cursed the rebels until they killed him. Later, among magistrates who died in Zhili after Zicheng: Jiang Anlan, a native of Lingui in Guangxi. A provincial graduate, he was selected for an educational post, recommended for magistrate, dispatched to Zhili, and appointed to Baixiang. In the first year of Xianfeng he was transferred to Jinghai. When the rebels invaded northward, Jinghai was a strategic point south of the capital. The great army came to relieve and suppress, and supplies were never wanting. When the rebels entered the district he, together with acting battalion commander Pan Zongde and others, captured and beheaded the rebel Sima Chen Dewang. Then a large force swarmed in. Government troops were outnumbered and suddenly broke and fled. The city fell. He threw himself into the water and died. When Shahe fell, Wang Heng took seven blade wounds and died. When Luancheng fell, Tang Sheng in court robes cursed the rebels. They bound him to a pillar and killed him. Subprefect Chen Huchen died with him.

又馬雲嵐，慶雲人。州判。賊犯縣城，率鄉團出禦，被執，不屈死。子龍文從死。卹如例，予世職。

There was also Ma Yunlan, a native of Qingyun. He was a subprefectural judge. When rebels attacked the county seat he led local militia out to resist. Captured, he refused to submit and died. His son Longwen died with him. Mourning stipends were granted according to regulation, and a hereditary office was awarded.

文穎，字魯齋，趙氏，漢軍正藍旗人。進士，用知縣，發山東，補蒙陰。邑患蝗，兩以文籥神，皆應。調陽信，弭抗漕釁。又調商河，濬徒駭河，境免積潦。時粵匪已竄直隸之建通鎮，去商河百里，募練鄉勇，民恃無恐。調省主糧台事，適股匪入東境，金鄉、鄆城皆陷，而陽穀當其衝。大吏以文穎有幹才，檄令往署，至則城備久弛，急號召鄉團為守禦計。是時將軍善祿擁重兵駐東昌，飛牒請援，置不應。憤極，抵案曰：「死耳，復何言！」或諷以出城待援者，怒斥曰：「與城俱存亡，豈有臨難苟免之文某哉？」

Wen Ying, courtesy name Luqi, of the Zhao clan, was a Han bannerman of the Plain Blue Banner. A jinshi, he was appointed magistrate, dispatched to Shandong, and posted to Mengyin. The district suffered from locusts. Twice he prayed to the deity with written charms, and both times it worked. Transferred to Yangxin, he quelled disturbances over resistance to grain transport. Transferred again to Shanghe, he dredged the Tuhe River, sparing the district from accumulated flooding. At the time Taiping rebels had already fled to Jiantong Town in Zhili, a hundred li from Shanghe. He recruited and drilled local militia, and the people took heart. He was transferred to the provincial capital to manage the supply depot just as scattered rebels entered the eastern border. Jinxiang and Yuncheng both fell, and Yanggu lay directly in their path. Senior officials, recognizing Wen Ying's ability, ordered him to serve as acting magistrate. When he arrived the city defenses had long been neglected. He urgently summoned local militia to organize the defense. At the time General Shanlu held heavy troops at Dongchang. Urgent dispatches requesting relief went unanswered. Furious beyond bearing, he struck the desk and said: "Death is all—what more is there to say!" When someone suggested he leave the city to await relief, he angrily rebuked them: "I live and die with the city. Could there be a Wen who flees in the face of danger?"

未幾，賊大至，割半袖付僕馳報父母，即懷印上城，與典史徐鳳喈從容出印相視。賊入城，怒馬馳入賊隊，被七創，罵不絕口死。鳳喈及教官李文綬同遇害。文穎抵任才五日，時咸豐四年二月二十九日。事聞，優恤，立專祠，予世職。文穎嘗過泰山，題句有云：「此行不了封侯業，原把頑軀竊比君。」蓋以泰山自矢，見危授命，其志素定雲。子四，三爾豐，自有傳。

Before long the rebels arrived in force. He cut off half a sleeve and sent a servant galloping to inform his parents. Then, seal in hand, he mounted the wall and calmly showed the seal to subprefect Xu Fengjie. When the rebels entered the city he galloped angrily into their ranks. He received seven wounds and died cursing without cease. Fengjie and instructor Li Wenshou were killed together with him. Wen Ying had been in office only five days. It was the twenty-ninth day of the second month of the fourth year of Xianfeng. When word reached the court he received exceptional mourning stipends, a dedicated shrine was built, and a hereditary office was granted. Wen Ying once visited Mount Tai and inscribed a line: "This journey will not fulfill the marquisate I sought; I mean to offer this stubborn body of mine, like yours." He had taken Mount Tai as his pledge—to face peril and accept fate. His resolve had long been fixed indeed. He had four sons. The third, Erfeng, has his own biography.

張積功，江蘇儀徵人。舉人。大挑知縣，發山東，歷州縣吏。二十年，初權臨淄。前政不善，多流亡，以誠招徠之，皆歸故業。即墨饑民滋擾，檄往辦理而定。朝城民變，民聞積功治臨淄事，即首行館請死，喻以理，懲以法，皆歡呼去。咸豐四年三月，賊攻臨清州，積功適知州事，守禦十四晝夜。十四日，城陷，闔門死難。初，賊過冠縣，知縣傅士珍自經死。

Zhang Jigong was a native of Yizheng in Jiangsu. He was a provincial graduate. Selected in the grand nomination for magistrate and dispatched to Shandong, he served in various prefectures and districts. In the twentieth year he was first given acting authority over Linzi. The previous administration had been poor and many had fled. With sincerity he summoned them back, and all returned to their former occupations. Hungry people in Jimo grew increasingly unruly. Dispatched to handle the matter, he settled it. The people of Chaocheng rose in revolt. Hearing of Jigong's governance in Linzi, they went straight to his lodging and begged for death. He reasoned with them and punished the guilty by law, and all departed cheering. In the third month of the fourth year of Xianfeng rebels attacked Linqing Prefecture. Jigong happened to be in charge of affairs and held the defense for fourteen days and nights. On the fourteenth day the city fell. His entire household perished in the disaster. Earlier, when rebels passed through Guan County, Magistrate Fu Shizhen hanged himself.

典史瞿濬，字菊坪，江蘇武進人。帥鄉勇出敵，遇賊城闉，中鳥槍，洞其肋，墜馬。欲退保於司獄，賊追及，刃倳其胸，罵不絕口，剖腹死之。妻呂氏，罵賊，被寸磔。亦全家遇害，時三月朔也。

Subprefect Qu Jun, courtesy name Juping, was a native of Wujin in Jiangsu. Leading local militia against the enemy, he encountered rebels at the city gate. A musket ball pierced his ribs and he fell from his horse. He tried to retreat and hold at the prison office, but rebels caught up. Blades pierced his chest. Cursing without cease, they disemboweled him and killed him. His wife, née Lü, cursed the rebels and was executed by slow slicing. His entire family also perished. It was the first day of the third month.

冒芬，江蘇如皋人。巡檢，發廣東，補北寨司巡檢，調五斗口。緝獲盜匪傅敏南、烏石姊等，有能名。擢廣州府經歷，調海豐縣丞。英吉利擾廣州，以守城功進知縣，授開平縣。縣介新會、鶴山間，盜賊出沒，芬嚴為條約，捕甚多。歷權高要、曲江、乳源等縣。

Mao Fen was a native of Rugao in Jiangsu. He served as a sub-prefectural inspector, was dispatched to Guangdong, appointed inspector at Beizhai, and transferred to Wudoukou. He captured the bandits Fu Minnan, Wushi Jie, and others, earning a reputation for ability. He was promoted to assistant prefect of Guangzhou Prefecture and transferred to serve as assistant magistrate of Haifeng. When the English harassed Guangzhou, he was promoted to magistrate for his defense of the city and appointed to Kaiping County. The county lay between Xinhui and Heshan, where bandits came and went. Fen strictly established regulations and captured a great many of them. He successively served as acting magistrate of Gaoyao, Qujiang, Ruyuan, and other counties.

餘匪吳煥中、黃老滿等潛聚曲江龍歸墟，結連羅鏡墟凌十八，圖复逞。煥中潛至乳源，為邏者獲。芬訊得實，偕千總張鷹揚馳往，捕獲黃老滿等頭目十三名，解經曲江寺前村，猝與羅鏡賊遇。鷹揚所部潰散，芬率親軍百餘人與賊戰，軍火盡，芬被創，賊奪黃老滿去。芬裹創為書，上總督葉名琛，極言兩粵賊勢急，宜聯絡官民，早繕備具。越數日，傷劇卒。卹如例，後建專祠。

Remaining bandits Wu Huanzhong, Huang Laoman, and others secretly gathered at Longgui market in Qujiang, joined forces with Ling Shiba of Luojing market, and plotted to rise again. Huanzhong slipped into Ruyuan and was captured by patrol scouts. Fen examined him and confirmed the facts. Together with company commander Zhang Yingyang he rushed there and captured thirteen leaders including Huang Laoman. While escorting them through Siqian Village before Qujiang Temple, they suddenly encountered Luojing bandits. Yingyang's unit broke and scattered. Fen led more than a hundred personal troops to fight the bandits. When their ammunition ran out Fen was wounded, and the bandits carried off Huang Laoman. Fen bandaged his wounds and wrote to Governor-General Ye Mingchen, urgently warning that bandit power in the two Guang provinces was critical and that officials and people should be united and defenses readied without delay. Several days later his wounds worsened and he died. Posthumous honors were granted according to precedent, and a special memorial shrine was later built.

施作霖，浙江蕭山人。拔貢，用知縣，發陝西。咸豐三年，粵賊竄河南，奉檄督練勇防陝境，署城固縣知縣。七年，河南角子山捻匪擾南陽府，將竄陝，巡撫曾望顏以作霖練勇有紀律，令防商南。馳抵清油河，距武關三十里，賊已潛由天橋河陷武關，作霖偕候補同知曾兆蓉夜冒風雪抵頭條嶺，擊卻賊前敵。越四道嶺，賊蜂至。作霖奮下擊，義勇厲進，作霖手殲悍賊王黨。餘賊卻拒守關，作霖直逼關前，賊復三面撲。熸賊二十餘騎，賊攻愈猛。作霖分隊擊，身受重創，力竭死。家丁王建、義勇馬永剛等十三人皆死之。賜卹，諡剛毅，賞世職，建專祠。

Shi Zuolin was a native of Xiaoshan in Zhejiang. A selected tribute student, he was appointed magistrate and dispatched to Shaanxi. In the third year of Xianfeng, when Cantonese rebels fled into Henan, he received orders to supervise militia training and defend the Shaanxi border, serving as acting magistrate of Chenggu County. In the seventh year, Nian bandits from Jiaozishan in Henan harassed Nanyang Prefecture and were about to flee into Shaanxi. Governor Zeng Wangyan, finding Zuolin's militia well disciplined, ordered him to defend Shangnan. He rushed to Qingyou River, thirty li from Wuguan Pass, only to learn that bandits had already secretly taken the pass via Tianqiao River. Zuolin and candidate sub-prefect Zeng Zhaorong braved wind and snow by night to reach Toutiao Ridge and drove back the enemy vanguard. After crossing four mountain passes, bandits swarmed forth. Zuolin charged downhill to attack. Righteous militia pressed forward with fury. Zuolin personally killed the fierce bandit Wang Dang. The remaining bandits fell back to hold the pass. Zuolin pressed straight to the gate, and the bandits surged at him from three sides. More than twenty mounted bandits were cut down, yet the enemy attacks grew fiercer still. Zuolin divided his force and counterattacked. He suffered grave wounds and died when his strength gave out. His household steward Wang Jian, righteous militiaman Ma Yonggang, and twelve others all died with him. Posthumous honors were granted. He received the posthumous title Gangyi (Resolute), a hereditary office, and a special memorial shrine.

韓體震，字省齋，河南夏邑人。道光二十五年，捐州吏目，補直隸祁州吏目。因父作謀任文安主簿，迴避，補山東德州吏目，捐升知縣。以防堵功，獎開缺即選，選湖北通城縣。防堵鄰境要隘出力，保同知。同治元年，鄂督官文調赴軍營差委，嗣權孝感縣事。孝感屢經殘破，城缺不完，體震修葺之，招鄉勇城守。閏八月，捻匪大股分擾京山、應城一帶，闌入縣境，遂撲縣城。體震與護軍統領舒保善因請入城同守，始解鞍，而賊由缺口入城，體震率勇巷戰，眾寡不敵，身受十傷，刀矛槍子無不備，大呼殺賊而死。詔照知府例賜卹，給世職。

Han Tizhen, courtesy name Shenzhai, was a native of Xiayi in Henan. In the twenty-fifth year of Daoguang he purchased appointment as a department clerk and was posted to Qizhou in Zhili. Because his father Han Zuomou served as recorder of Wen'an, he recused himself and was appointed department clerk of Dezhou in Shandong, then purchased promotion to magistrate. For merit in blocking bandits he was rewarded with immediate selection when a vacancy opened and was assigned to Tongcheng County in Hubei. For his efforts defending strategic passes on neighboring borders he was recommended for sub-prefect. In the first year of Tongzhi, Hubei Governor-General Guanwen transferred him to army camp duty, after which he served as acting magistrate of Xiaogan. Xiaogan had repeatedly been devastated and its walls were incomplete. Tizhen repaired them and recruited local militia to hold the city. In the intercalary eighth month a large Nian force divided to harass the Jingshan and Yingcheng region, burst into the county, and stormed the seat. Tizhen and Guard Army commander Shu Baoshan had just been invited into the city to defend together and had barely dismounted when bandits poured in through a breach. Tizhen led militia in street fighting. Outnumbered, he took ten wounds from blade, spear, and musket alike and died shouting to kill bandits. An edict granted posthumous honors at prefect rank and a hereditary office.

德克登額，字靜庵，滿洲某旗人。由筆帖式從將軍都興阿軍，累保至副都統記名。嘗從攻廣濟，守營壘，不眠者七晝夜。為人沉靜，溽暑不去長衣，每曰：「賊平即回家授徒，暇則垂釣黑龍江。」又曰：「世受國恩，得一日授命疆場，則吾事畢矣！」與體震同守城，城陷，死之。

De Kedenge, courtesy name Jing'an, was a Bannerman of a certain Manchu banner. Starting as a clerical official he followed General Duxing'a's army and through repeated recommendations rose to listed vice commander of a banner. He once joined the attack on Guangji and held the camp fort without sleep for seven days and nights. Quiet by nature, he never removed his long robe even in sweltering heat. He often said: "When the bandits are pacified I shall go home to teach pupils; in my spare time I shall fish on the Heilong River." He also said: "Our family has received the state's grace for generations. If I can one day give my life on the battlefield, then my duty is done!" He defended the city together with Tizhen. When the city fell, he died.

蔣嘉穀，順天大興籍，浙江山陰山。以府經歷發貴州，旋保知縣。咸豐三年，署荔波縣。縣毗連粵西，粵氛近偪，土匪乘之。嘉穀內守外禦，境內安堵。始之任，獄多繁，囚半逆黨脅從，復有挾私誣告人從匪者。嘉穀訊得實，俱決釋之。時芻糧告匱，或以勸捐進，嘉穀曰：「民被蹂躪久矣，忍朘其生而激變乎？」事遂寢。五年六月，水匪复叛，與廣匪合，約五六千人，薄城下，嘉穀募勇五百人擊退之。時土匪遍地，餉需匱乏，嘉穀毀家募勇，妻陸氏亦出钅義釧佐軍，眾感奮，守愈堅。以故附近州縣皆不保，獨荔波得存。十月，賊復至，嘉穀部署城防，誓師出營於水堡，與賊遇，戰捷，賊小卻，後見師乏援，始無忌，麾眾並進。嘉穀鏖戰終日，傷亡略盡，猶裹創刃賊，俄被執。賊乘勝攻城，城以有備，卒不破。嘉穀既陷賊，怒罵不屈。賊束薪漬油遍體灼之，死而復甦，甦則罵，罵則復灼，如是數次，乃絕。貴州巡撫蔣霨遠以嘉穀善政得民，力捍疆圉，被害尤慘。奏入，卹世職。士請捐建專祠，允之。

Jiang Jiagu was registered in Daxing, Shuntian, though his ancestral home was Shanyin in Zhejiang. He was dispatched to Guizhou as a prefectural assistant and was soon recommended for magistrate. In the third year of Xianfeng he served as acting magistrate of Libo County. The county bordered western Guangdong. Cantonese unrest pressed close, and local bandits took advantage. Jiagu held the interior and resisted from without, and the county remained tranquil. At the start of his tenure the prisons were crowded. Half the prisoners were coerced followers of rebel factions, and some people bore private grudges and falsely accused others of joining bandits. Jiagu examined the cases, confirmed the facts, and released them all. At the time fodder and grain were reported exhausted, and some suggested raising funds through persuasive levies. Jiagu said: "The people have long been trampled. How can we squeeze their livelihood and provoke rebellion?" The proposal was dropped. In the sixth month of the fifth year water bandits rebelled again and joined Guangdong bandits in a force of about five or six thousand that pressed the city walls. Jiagu recruited five hundred militiamen and drove them back. Local bandits were everywhere and supplies ran short. Jiagu ruined his family to raise militia, and his wife Lady Lu contributed her bracelets to support the army. The people were stirred to zeal and the defense grew firmer. For this reason nearby prefectures and counties all fell, but Libo alone survived. In the tenth month the bandits returned. Jiagu deployed the city's defenses, rallied the troops, and marched out to camp at Shuibao. They met the enemy and won an initial victory; the bandits fell back slightly. Seeing the army lacked reinforcements, they lost their caution and surged forward in force. Jiagu fought fiercely all day until his force was nearly wiped out. Still bandaging his wounds, he slashed at the bandits until he was finally captured. The bandits pressed their victory to attack the city, but because preparations had been made the city held in the end. Once Jiagu fell into bandit hands he cursed them furiously and would not submit. The bandits bound kindling soaked in oil and burned him all over. He died and revived; when he revived he cursed; when he cursed they burned him again. After several rounds of this he perished. Guizhou Governor Jiang Weiyuan reported that Jiagu had governed well and won the people, stoutly defended the frontier, and suffered especially cruel harm. When the memorial reached the throne, posthumous honors and a hereditary office were granted. The local gentry requested to build a special memorial shrine by public donation, and this was approved.

鄧玲筠，字治薌，湖南寧鄉人。舉人。，以知縣發貴州。七年，擢知印江縣，時黔中苗、教匪充斥，匪酋以邪教蠱亂，民有黃號、白號等目，鄉團多叛應之。玲筠銳意圖治，週巡轄境，與田更畬叟握手詢利病，手疏小冊，用是能摘發民隱，訟者神之。思南賊熾，地連印江，亟行保甲法。單騎詣各鄉，手自敦率，給門牌如式。署紙尾十則：曰忤逆，曰習邪教，曰私結盟黨，曰劫掠，曰藏匪類，曰竊盜，曰容留娼妓，曰賭博，曰鬥毆生事，曰唆訟。各擇士紳董之，犯者同甲勿與齒。改悔者許具狀於各條下，加小印曰「自新」；其頑抗及無人敢具保者治之。且計月以驗紳董之能否，加勸懲焉。又加意課士，割俸給書院餐錢，與講求正學，並及軍政，士皆畏愛之。勸民修水利，立法詳盡易曉，或親履指示，不以勺水擾民。邪教惑眾，為文告抉摘其謬，婦孺能解。簡壯丁數百，親教之擊刺法。

Deng Lingyun, courtesy name Zhixiang, was a native of Ningxiang in Hunan. He was a licentiate. He was dispatched to Guizhou as a magistrate. In the seventh year he was promoted to magistrate of Yinjiang County. Miao and religious rebels filled central Guizhou. Rebel chiefs used heterodox sects to bewitch and disorder the people; there were Yellow-Label and White-Label factions, and many local militia units rebelled in response. Lingyun was determined to govern well. He toured his jurisdiction week by week, shook hands with old farmers in the fields and asked about their hardships and needs, jotting notes in a small book. By this means he exposed hidden grievances, and litigants regarded him with awe. Bandits in Sinan were fierce and the territory bordered Yinjiang, so he urgently implemented the baojia system. Riding alone he visited each village, personally instructed and led the people, and distributed door placards in the proper form. At the foot of each notice he posted ten prohibitions: filial impiety, practicing heterodox sects, forming secret societies, plunder, harboring bandits, theft, sheltering courtesans, gambling, brawling and causing trouble, and stirring lawsuits. In each place he chose gentry and scholars to supervise enforcement. Offenders were shunned by their baojia units. Those who repented were permitted to submit written statements under each article, stamped with a small seal reading "self-renewed"; Those who stubbornly resisted, or for whom no one dared furnish guarantee, were punished. Each month he assessed the gentry supervisors' performance and applied rewards or punishments accordingly. He also devoted special attention to instructing scholars, cutting his salary to provide meal money for the academy, expounding orthodox learning and even touching on military affairs. Scholars both feared and loved him. He urged the people to repair waterworks, drafting laws that were detailed, complete, and easy to understand; sometimes he walked the ground himself to instruct them, never troubling the people over a spoonful of water. Heterodox sects deluded the masses. He wrote proclamations exposing their fallacies in language even women and children could understand. He selected several hundred sturdy youths and personally taught them thrust-and-cut fighting.

是年十二月，賊陷思南，將犯印江。印江故無城，出營於雲泮禦賊。賊以書請假道，焚書，斬其人。賊從間道襲治所，玲筠袖銅椎斃三賊。賊環攻，復出銅鐧格鬥，賊莫敢近。忽四山火起，乃突圍，抵銅仁乞師，得練總王士秀領五百人，一日夜行三百里。民見玲筠歸，奮躍，復得壯士千餘，仍從至雲泮。是日大霧，人馬對立不相見，譟而進。賊奔，自相蹴蹋，墜崖死者無算。复追百餘裡，戰中壩，戰螺生溪，戰袁家灣，皆捷。

In the twelfth month of that year bandits took Sinan and were about to invade Yinjiang. Yinjiang had no city walls. He marched out to camp at Yunpan to resist the bandits. The bandits sent a letter requesting passage. He burned the letter and executed the messenger. Bandits took a bypath to raid the magistrate's office. Lingyun kept a bronze mace in his sleeve and killed three bandits. The bandits surrounded and attacked. He drew a bronze staff and fought hand to hand, and none dared approach. Suddenly fires rose on four mountains. He broke out, reached Tongren to beg for troops, and obtained militia commander Wang Shixiu with five hundred men. In one day and one night they marched three hundred li. When the people saw Lingyun return they leaped with zeal, rallied more than a thousand stalwart men, and followed him back to Yunpan. That day a heavy fog descended; men and horses stood face to face without seeing one another. They advanced with shouts. The bandits fled, trampling one another; countless fell from cliffs to their deaths. He pursued for more than a hundred li further, fighting at Zhongba, Luosheng Stream, and Yuanjia Bay—all victories.

八年春，知府令玲筠越境勦賊，知府先聞賊畏玲筠，立鄧字旗懾賊，故嚴檄三至。縣民苦留，玲筠慨然曰：「郡守檄，縣令安敢違？且殺賊固無分畛域也。」以千三百人往。師次分水埡，賊混運糧者入營門，變作，眾驚潰。玲筠親搏戰，飛石中首，手格殺一賊，足後被創，遂及於難，喪其元。後軍聞失事，憤極，殊死鬥，殺聲與哭聲並，卒奪玲筠屍還。乃樹「忠憤」幟，誓復仇，賊懼，退屯八十里。喪歸，士民大慟，爭致賻賵。有負販傭，挈錢四，將運鹽，悉以充賻。或曰：「如爾家何？」傭哭曰：「公死，吾屬無葬所矣！何家為？」民懷其德，立祠祀之。並刻遺集，曰鉅業堂稿。

In the spring of the eighth year the prefect ordered Lingyun to cross the border to suppress bandits. The prefect had heard that bandits feared Lingyun and had raised banners bearing the character Deng to intimidate them, hence the stern dispatch arrived three times. The county people earnestly begged him to stay. Lingyun said with feeling: "A dispatch from the prefect—how dare a county magistrate disobey? Besides, killing bandits knows no boundary between territories." He went with thirteen hundred men. The army halted at Fenshui Pass. Bandits mingled with grain carriers to enter the camp gate, then mutinied. The force panicked and broke. Lingyun fought hand to hand. A flying stone struck his head. He killed one bandit in close combat, but his foot was wounded from behind and he met disaster, losing his head. The rear guard, hearing of the disaster, was furious beyond measure and fought to the death. The sound of killing mingled with weeping, and in the end they recovered Lingyun's body. They raised a "Loyal Indignation" banner and swore revenge. The bandits feared this and withdrew to encamp eighty li away. When the funeral procession returned, scholars and common people grieved deeply and vied to send condolence gifts. There was a porter who carried goods for hire. He had four strings of cash and was about to transport salt, but gave it all as a condolence gift. Someone said: "What will become of your household?" The porter wept and said: "When the magistrate is dead, people like us have nowhere to bury our dead! What does family matter now? The people cherished his virtue and erected a shrine in his honor. They also published his posthumous writings under the title Juye Tang Gao.

承順，佟佳氏，漢軍正藍旗人。由文生於咸豐四年隨其父甘肅寧夏鎮總兵定安出征湖北，累功擢至通判，發甘肅。歷權寧夏鹽捕通判、平番縣事，授甘州撫彝通判，所至有聲。同治元年，西寧撒回就撫，大吏以貴德廳孤懸大河以外，漢民與番、回雜處，治理不易，檄承順往署。適番、回械鬥，承順為之平怨息爭，番、回悅服。值河州回匪倡亂，甘、涼、寧、肅一帶響應，貴德回民洶洶欲動，承順勸導解散，以被難婦孺置署中別院，撫養數年。有主者認還，無主者擇配。由是漢、番感戴，回民亦懾其威。

Cheng Shun, of the Tongjia clan, belonged to the Han Eight Banners' Plain Blue Banner. A literary licentiate, in the fourth year of Xianfeng he accompanied his father Ding An, the Ningxia regional commander in Gansu, on campaign in Hubei. For accumulated merit he rose to sub-prefect and was posted to Gansu. He served in acting posts as Ningxia's salt-and-bandit sub-prefect and as administrator of Pingfan County, then was appointed Fuyi sub-prefect of Ganzhou. Everywhere he served he won a strong reputation. In the first year of Tongzhi, after the Salar Muslims of Xining accepted pacification, senior officials noted that Guide Subprefecture lay isolated beyond the Yellow River, with Han Chinese, Tibetans, and Muslims living together in hard-to-govern conditions, and dispatched Cheng Shun to take acting charge. Just then Tibetans and Muslims were fighting one another. Cheng Shun settled their grievances and restored peace, and both groups submitted willingly. When Muslim rebels rose at Hezhou and disturbances spread across Gansu, Liangzhou, Ningxia, and Suzhou, the Muslims of Guide grew restless. Cheng Shun counseled them to disperse, placed displaced women and children in a separate compound at his yamen, and raised them for several years. Those with claimants were reunited with their families; those without were given spouses. Thereafter the Han and Tibetans were deeply grateful, and the Muslims too stood in awe of his authority.

時西寧所屬各廳相繼淪陷，貴德一廳孤立賊中者六年。城中回民暗結陝回謀亂，承順密調兵勇入城，嚴為之備。回首馬朵三等率眾千餘人攻城，承順登陴抵禦，砲石雨下，斃賊頗多。城內回民開門應賊，城遂陷。承順率勇巷戰，身受重創，厲聲罵賊，賊怒，斷其左臂，罵愈厲；复斷其右足，罵如故；遂斷其首而支解之。其弟議敘知縣崇順、監生吉順扶其母薩克達氏至屍所哭詈，皆遇害。家丁李文忠等七名，同時死之。事聞，卹贈道銜，給世職。

At that time the subprefectures under Xining fell one after another. Guide alone remained isolated in rebel-held territory for six years. Muslims inside the city secretly plotted with Shaanxi Muslims to rebel. Cheng Shun quietly brought troops into the city and made rigorous preparations. The Muslim leaders Ma Duosan and others led more than a thousand men against the city. Cheng Shun took to the ramparts in defense. Cannon stones poured down and killed many of the attackers. Muslims inside the city opened the gates to the rebels, and the city fell. Cheng Shun led his militia in street fighting. He was gravely wounded and shouted curses at the rebels. Enraged, they severed his left arm, but his curses grew fiercer still. They then severed his right foot, yet he cursed on unchanged. Finally they cut off his head and dismembered his body. His brothers Chongshun, a recommended magistrate, and Jishun, an enrolled student, helped their mother Lady Sakda to the body, weeping and cursing. All were killed. Seven household servants, including Li Wenzhong, died with them. When word reached the court, he was posthumously honored with circuit-intendant rank and granted a hereditary office.

貴德士民復以死事狀赴都申訴，御史吳可讀疏言：「青海辦事大臣玉通疏報，祗及承順被害情形，猶惑於當時'回眾拘集漢民、勒寫官偪民反，漢、回同謀戕官'之說，後經查覆，於精忠大節，仍未述及。在承順為國捐軀，光明俊偉，於原遂矣。遺愛在民，漢、番男婦老幼呼為活佛。誤觸其名，即童子皆呵禁之。在朝廷為有臣，定安為有子，甘肅為有官。闔門全節，允為一代完人，再懇優恤。」光緒初元，陝甘總督左宗棠覆奏，謂：「承順死節奇偉，一時僅見。綱常名義，不因品秩等差而別，則表揚較名位尊顯為尤亟。請官為建祠，並予諡法，以勵人心。」疏上，允之，諡勤愍。

The gentry and people of Guide again petitioned the capital with an account of his death. Censor Wu Kedu memorialized: 'Commissioner Yutong of Qinghai reported only the circumstances of Cheng Shun's murder, still misled by the contemporary claim that Muslims had gathered Han people, forced them to write that officials had driven the people to rebel, and that Han and Muslims together murdered the official. Later investigation overturned this, yet his supreme loyalty and integrity were still not described. Cheng Shun had given his life for the state; in death his integrity shone clear and grand, and his purpose was fulfilled. The people cherished his memory. Han and Tibetans, young and old alike, called him a living buddha. Even to mention his name in error drew reprimands — even from children. The court had in him a worthy servant; Ding An had a worthy son; Gansu had a worthy official. His entire household died with integrity — he was truly a man of complete virtue for his age. We again urgently request exceptional posthumous honors. At the beginning of the Guangxu reign, Governor-General Zuo Zongtang replied in memorial, saying: 'Cheng Shun's martyrdom was extraordinarily sublime — rarely seen in his time. Ethical duty does not rise or fall with official rank, and therefore public commendation matters even more than lofty title. We ask that the state erect a shrine in his honor and grant a posthumous name to inspire the people. The memorial was approved. He was granted the posthumous name Qinmin, 'Diligent and Sorrowful.'

托克清阿，字凝如，滿洲正藍旗人。道光十四年舉人，大挑知縣，發甘肅，署環縣、安化知縣，及土魯番同知。以清查事鐫級。咸豐元年，捐復原官，補皋蘭。時回、捻擾陝、甘，土匪聞風響應。侍郎梁瀚治團練，疏薦之。總督樂斌亦以其任事果敢，檄署秦州直隸州知州，尋實授。同治二年，逆回竄甘南，州境戒嚴，托克清阿募壯勇，繕器械，力籌守禦。賊竄秦安，率軍迎剿，屢挫賊。賊糾大股至，眾寡不敵，力戰死之。事聞，詔以道員從優議卹，秦州及本旗立專祠。後秦州承其規畫，防禦嚴密，境獲安全。四年，秦州士民以托克清阿忠貞孝友，慈惠嚴明，潔己愛民，禦災捍患，在任時民皆安業，賊不犯境。遺愛餘威，實足固民心而寒賊膽，籥請加恩賜諡。總督恩麟據以入告，特詔允之，予諡剛烈。

Tuokiqing'a, courtesy name Ningru, was a Manchu bannerman of the Plain Blue Banner. A provincial graduate in the fourteenth year of Daoguang, he was selected in the grand nomination for magistrate and sent to Gansu, where he served as acting magistrate of Huan County and Anhua and as sub-prefect of Turfan. For an audit investigation his rank was demoted. In the first year of Xianfeng he purchased restoration of his original rank and was appointed magistrate of Gaolan. At that time Muslim and Nian rebels ravaged Shaanxi and Gansu, and local bandits rose in response. Vice Minister Liang Han, who was organizing militia training, recommended him in a memorial. Governor Le Bin also noted his bold competence and appointed him acting magistrate of Qinzhou; he soon received full appointment. In the second year of Tongzhi rebel Muslims raided southern Gansu and the prefecture went on alert. Tuokiqing'a recruited stalwart militia, repaired arms, and worked tirelessly to organize the defense. When rebels raided Qin'an he led troops against them and repeatedly drove them back. The rebels gathered a large force. Outnumbered, he fought to the end and fell. When word reached the court, an edict ordered exceptionally favorable mourning honors at circuit-intendant rank, and exclusive shrines were erected at Qinzhou and in his banner. Later Qinzhou followed his plans; its defenses held firm and the territory remained secure. In the fourth year the gentry and people of Qinzhou reported that Tuokiqing'a was loyal, upright, filial, and fraternal, benevolent yet strict, personally incorruptible and devoted to the people, guarding against disaster and repelling calamity. During his tenure the people lived in peace and rebels did not cross the borders. His lingering benevolence and remaining prestige truly strengthened the people's resolve and chilled rebel ardor. The people petitioned for further honors and a posthumous name. Governor En Lin relayed the request to the throne, and a special edict approved it, granting the posthumous name Ganglie, 'Firm and Fierce.'

馮元吉，字景梅，浙江山陰人。由供事議敘從九品，分廣西，歷署貴縣五山汛、凌雲平樂司巡檢。道光二十八年，授宜山龍門巡檢。咸豐元年，金田賊由武宣東鄉逃竄，都統烏蘭泰、提督向榮、總兵秦定三等節節追剿。賊竄象州，兵勇不能禦，直至大樂墟，轉掠龍門。元吉率鄉兵御之，戰敗，馳回署，衣冠坐堂皇，二子澍、溥侍立。家人請暫避，元吉厲聲曰：「身為命官，不能殺賊安民，走避偷生，吾不為也！」麾二子出，皆痛哭不去。賊至，父子抗罵，同遇害。家丁嚴祿、夏玉俱死。詔以元吉微員，從容盡節，澍、溥從父殉難，忠孝堪嘉。贈鹽運使司知事銜，賞世職，建專祠，澍、溥附祀。

Feng Yuanji, courtesy name Jingmei, was a native of Shanyin in Zhejiang. Beginning as a clerk, he was recommended for ninth-rank assistant status and assigned to Guangxi, where he served in acting posts as patrol inspector at Wushan garrison in Gui County and at Pingle station in Lingyun. In the twenty-eighth year of Daoguang he was appointed patrol inspector at Longmen in Yishan. In the first year of Xianfeng the Jintian rebels fled east from Wuxuan. General Uriangga, Regional Commander Xiang Rong, and Brigade Commander Qin Dingsan pursued them step by step. The rebels raided into Xiangzhou. Troops could not stop them, and they pressed as far as Daleixu before turning to plunder Longmen. Yuanji led local militia to resist. After defeat he galloped back to his office, dressed in official robes and cap, and seated himself in the main hall while his two sons Shu and Pu stood at his side. His household urged him to withdraw for the moment. Yuanji said sternly: 'As an appointed official, if I cannot kill rebels and secure the people, I will not flee to save my own life! He ordered his two sons to leave, but both wept bitterly and refused to go. When the rebels arrived, father and sons defied them with curses and all perished together. The household servants Yan Lu and Xia Yu also died. An edict stated that though Yuanji was a minor official, he met death with composure, and that Shu and Pu followed their father in martyrdom — an act of filial piety and loyalty worthy of praise. He was posthumously granted the rank of Salt Transport Commissioner secretary, awarded a hereditary office, and given an exclusive shrine with Shu and Pu enshrined alongside him.

平源，字沛霖，順天大興籍，浙江山陰人。由吏員敘典史，發安徽。咸豐二年，署懷寧縣典史，卹獄囚，嘗曰：「囚死於法，可也；死於非法，不可也。」眠食皆躬察之。粵匪犯安慶，事急，囚譁，欲脫械去。源至，囚曰：「此何時也，公胡弗自便？」源曰：「此若輩所以犯刑也，死可苟免耶？」囚曰：「公不去，囚何忍去？」俄而城陷，巡撫蔣文慶遇害，餘官皆走。源獨冠服坐獄門外，賊至，脅之曰：「若降，官；若不然，飲吾刃！」源曰：「刃則刃耳，吾豈受汝脅者？」賊曳至懷寧縣署外殺之，逮死罵不絕口。安慶人思之，為立石於殉節處。

Ping Yuan, courtesy name Peilin, was registered in Daxing, Shuntian, though a native of Shanyin in Zhejiang. From clerical service he was recommended as county archivist and dispatched to Anhui. In the second year of Xianfeng he served as acting archivist of Huaining County. He showed compassion to prisoners and often said: 'Prisoners may die by law — that is acceptable; but to die unlawfully — that is not acceptable. He personally inspected their sleeping and eating conditions. When Cantonese rebels attacked Anqing the situation grew urgent. The prisoners clamored and tried to cast off their shackles and flee. When Yuan arrived, a prisoner said: 'At a time like this, why do you not save yourself? Yuan said: 'This is why you violated the law. Can death be evaded so casually? The prisoner said: 'If you will not leave, how can we prisoners bear to leave? Before long the city fell. Governor Jiang Wenqing was killed and the remaining officials all fled. Yuan alone put on his cap and robes and sat outside the prison gate. When the rebels arrived they threatened him: 'Submit and you shall have office; If not, taste my blade! Yuan said: 'A blade is a blade — do you think I can be coerced by you? The rebels dragged him outside the Huaining county yamen and killed him. He cursed without cease until he died. The people of Anqing remembered him and erected a stone at the place where he died.

時又有張寶華者，為望江縣典史。聞城陷，視其妻賈氏自經畢，冠服坐堂上罵賊，死。華陽鎮巡檢王泗同時殉難，盱眙縣典史週來豫後於九年助守縣城，力戰墜馬死。

At that time there was also Zhang Baohua, archivist of Wangjiang County. When he heard the city had fallen, he saw that his wife Lady Jia had already hanged herself, then put on cap and robes, sat in the main hall cursing the rebels, and died. Wang Si, patrol inspector of Huayang town, died at the same time. Zhou Laiyu, archivist of Xuyi County, later in the ninth year helped defend the county seat, fought with all his strength, fell from his horse, and died.

餘寶錕，江西德化人。附貢生，捐知縣。，選授浙江景寧縣，以才力不及降調。复捐縣丞，發貴州。三月，署麻哈州吏目。四月，仁懷縣教匪楊漋喜竄麻哈，隨知州何鋌擊卻之。尋盜魁陳大陸糾苗匪來犯，复隨鋌出戰。賊退，遂率眾攻拔下司岩、下雞場等處，扼茅坪山，悉力堵禦。未幾，賊聚益眾，勢不能敵。退州城，賊旋陷都勻府。提督孝順兵至茅坪被圍，寶錕率團兵隨總兵佟攀梅援剿，圍解。自是無日不戰，互有勝負。巡撫蔣霨遠檄雲南降將陳得功隨孝順攻克都勻，進援麻哈，官軍勢復振。得功旋叛去，孝順軍潰，賊大股圍州城三日，寶錕率鄉兵登陴固守，賊不得逞。七年，城中糧匱，兵益單，寶錕自誓與城存亡。八年正月，賊悉眾來攻，寶錕出北門迎敵，不利，入城，賊已自他門入。寶錕持矛巷戰，賊不忍害，揮令去。寶錕怒罵，掣矛刺之，賊奪矛還刺，死之。

Yu Baokun was a native of Dehua in Jiangxi. An attached tribute student, he purchased appointment as magistrate. He was selected and appointed magistrate of Jingning County in Zhejiang, but was demoted for insufficient ability. He again purchased appointment as county assistant and was dispatched to Guizhou. In the third month he served as acting clerk of Mahe Subprefecture. In the fourth month the religious rebel Yang Zhangxi raided into Mahe. He followed Prefect He Ting in driving them back. Soon the bandit chief Chen Dalu gathered Miao rebels to attack. Again he followed He Ting into battle. When the rebels retreated he led troops to capture Xiasiyan, Xiajichang, and other places, seized Maoping Mountain, and blocked the enemy with all his strength. Before long the rebels gathered in greater numbers and the force could not hold against them. They retreated to the subprefecture city, and the rebels soon captured Duyun Prefecture. When Regional Commander Xiaoshun's troops reached Maoping and were surrounded, Baokun led militia following Brigade Commander Tong Panmei in relief, and the siege was lifted. From then on they fought every day, with victories and defeats on both sides. Governor Jiang Yunyuan ordered the Yunnan defector general Chen Degong to follow Xiaoshun in recapturing Duyun and advancing to relieve Mahe, and government forces regained momentum. Degong soon rebelled and departed. Xiaoshun's army collapsed. A large rebel force besieged the subprefecture city for three days. Baokun led local militia onto the ramparts and held firm, and the rebels could not break through. In the seventh year provisions in the city ran short and troops grew fewer. Baokun vowed to live or die with the city. In the first month of the eighth year the rebels mustered all their forces to attack. Baokun went out the north gate to meet them, was driven back, and entered the city — but the rebels had already entered through another gate. Baokun fought with a spear in the streets. The rebels could not bear to harm him and waved him away. Baokun cursed in fury and thrust at them with his spear. The rebels seized the spear, stabbed him in return, and killed him.

王汝揆，甘肅伏羌人。道光二十年舉人，揀選知縣，親老改教職。咸豐間，授平涼縣教諭。同治元年，陝西回匪竄乾鳳，偪甘肅境，汝揆上書平慶涇道萬金鏞曰：「賊西偪鳳翔，必分黨由汧、隴間道趨秦安東北，構煽醜類。宜及其未至，扼險嚴防。不然，內應且四起，平涼擾則靈、固、狄、河等州縣亦危矣！」言未及用，賊尋由固關逾隴，張家川、蓮花城土回應之，陷鹽茶及固原，金鏞死之，平涼戒嚴。汝揆議盡毀城外民舍，無令賊倚為障蔽，議不行。未幾，賊圍平涼，汝揆協同守令，督率生徒，登陴固守，衣不解帶者六閱月。一日，偵西北二路賊少可擊，謁知府田增壽請率壯士縋城出剿，又不許。二年，賊匿民舍掘地道，納火藥轟之，城遂陷。人皆泣曰：「早從教諭言，事豈至此乎？」汝揆還署，易朝服，北向叩首訖，妻汪氏暨女一、孫女一皆死，乃從容就縊於孔廟鍾虡以殉。

Wang Rukui was a native of Fuxiang in Gansu. A provincial graduate in the twentieth year of Daoguang, he was selected for magistrate but changed to an educational post because his parents were elderly. During the Xianfeng period he was appointed instructor of Pingliang County. In the first year of Tongzhi, when Shaanxi Muslim rebels raided into Qian and Feng and pressed the Gansu border, Rukui wrote to Wan Jinyong, intendant of the Ping-Qing-Jing Circuit, saying: 'The rebels pressing west toward Fengxiang will certainly send a detachment by the secret routes through Qian and Long to strike northeast Qin'an and incite the wicked. We should seize the passes and defend them strictly before they arrive. Otherwise collaborators within will rise on every side. If Pingliang is thrown into turmoil, the prefectures and counties of Ling, Gu, Di, He, and others will also be endangered! Before his advice could be acted on, the rebels crossed Long from Guyuan Pass. Local Muslims at Zhangjiachuan and Lianhuacheng rose in response, Yan Cha and Guyuan fell, Jin Yong was killed, and Pingliang was placed under martial alert. Rukui proposed tearing down all dwellings outside the walls so the rebels could not use them as cover. The proposal was rejected. Before long the rebels besieged Pingliang. Rukui worked with the defending officials, led his students onto the ramparts, and held the walls for six months without removing his clothes. One day scouts reported that rebel forces on the northwest and north routes were thin enough to attack. He petitioned Prefect Tian Zengshou to lead stalwart men out over the walls by rope to strike them, but permission was again denied. In the second year the rebels hid in civilian dwellings, dug tunnels, packed them with gunpowder, and blasted the walls, and the city fell. Everyone wept and said: 'Had we heeded the instructor's advice sooner, how could things have come to this? Rukui returned to his office, changed into court robes, and kowtowed toward the north. His wife Lady Wang, one daughter, and one granddaughter all died first. Then he calmly hanged himself at the bell frame in the Confucian temple to join them in death.

汝揆性質實，敦孝友。居親喪，不入內，不御酒肉。弟印揆，客西寧久，音信乏絕，汝揆往尋之，風雪中徒步千餘裡，卒挈其弟以歸。平生肆力於經籍，家居課徒，以窮經為急，輒點勘善本授之，勗以立品敦行。其官平涼，亦以是為教。期年，訟庭無士子跡。當城未陷之先兩月，有門人馳書勸引疾歸，謂可免難。汝揆曰：「無疾而稱疾，是欺也；食祿而苟免，非義也。」乃為書與戚友訣，略曰：「我生不辰，逢天癉怒，向者耳聞之，今則目睹之。平郡自二月以來，圍困日迫，飛書告急，援兵無一至者。汝揆妻、女，行當自盡，決不受辱於賊手。死者士之終，今誠獲死所矣。惟官卑不得展一籌以報國，死有餘憾耳。」三年，官軍克平涼，總督楊岳斌請優恤。六年，總督穆圖善疏陳汝揆死事狀，請照陣亡例議卹，贈國子監助教銜，給世職，又命於本籍建祠，以從死之妻、女等附祀。

Rukui was honest and steadfast by nature, and devoted in filial piety and brotherly duty. During mourning for his parents he did not enter the inner quarters and abstained from wine and meat. His younger brother Yinkui had long been in Xining with no word from him. Rukui went to find him, walking more than a thousand li on foot through wind and snow, and at last brought his brother home. All his life he devoted himself to the classics. At home he taught disciples with mastering the classics as his priority, collating fine editions for them and urging them to build character and live uprightly. In his post at Pingliang he taught the same way. Within a year no scholar appeared in the litigation court. Two months before the city fell, a disciple sent an urgent letter urging him to plead illness and return home, saying he could escape the disaster that way. Rukui said: 'To claim illness when there is none is deception; to draw salary and seek escape is not righteous. He then wrote farewell letters to kin and friends, saying in brief: 'I was born at an unlucky hour and met Heaven's wrathful scourge. What I once heard of, I now see with my own eyes. Ping Prefecture has been besieged since the second month, the crisis pressing daily. Urgent dispatches pleaded for relief, yet not one relief force arrived. My wife and daughter will soon take their own lives, resolved never to suffer dishonor at rebel hands. Death is the scholar's end; today I truly find a place worthy to die. Only because my rank was low I could not offer one stratagem to repay the state — in death I still have regret. In the third year government troops recaptured Pingliang. Governor-General Yang Yuebin requested exceptional mourning honors. In the sixth year Governor-General Mutu Shan memorialized the circumstances of Rukui's death and requested mourning honors under the precedent for death in battle. He was posthumously granted the rank of National University assistant instructor, awarded a hereditary office, and a shrine was ordered in his native place with his wife, daughter, and others who died with him enshrined there.

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