Volume 492 Biographies 279: Loyal and Righteous 6

列傳二百七十九

Biography section 279

忠義六

Loyalty and Righteousness, Part Six

齋清阿童添雲彭三元蕭捷三周清元蔡應龍

Zhai Qing'a, Tong Tianyun, Peng Sanyuan, Xiao Jiesan, Zhou Qingyuan, and Cai Yinglong

蕭意文周福昌彭志德李存漢杜廷光等賴高翔畢定邦

Xiao Yiwen, Zhou Fuchang, Peng Zhide, Li Cunhan, Du Tingguang and others, Lai Gaoxiang, and Bi Dingbang

劉德亮陳大富陳萬勝郭鵬程王紹羲王之敬

Liu Deliang, Chen Dafu, Chen Wansheng, Guo Pengcheng, Wang Shaoxi, and Wang Zhijing

陳忠德劉玉林等黃金友麟瑞蔡東祥鄒上元

Chen Zhongde, Liu Yulin and others, Huang Jinyou, Lin Rui, Cai Dongxiang, and Zou Shangyuan

郝上庠張遇祥兄張遇清曹仁美毛克寬邢連科

Hao Shangxiang, Zhang Yuxiang, his elder brother Zhang Yuqing, Cao Renmei, Mao Kekuan, and Xing Lianke

田興奇田興勝馬定國

Tian Xingqi, Tian Xingsheng, and Ma Dingguo

齋清阿，字竹塍，納喇氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人。早喪父，母氏撫之。家貧，月夕至撤去鐙火。膂力過人，取巨磚置平地，拳擊之，立碎。以善射得名，嘗隨扈盛京，命射，中靶，賜克食。道光六年，發閩、浙，以都司用，補浙江杭州營都司，為總督孫爾準所賞。英吉利船入犯，獻燒船退敵策，不用。遞擢至廣東肇慶協副將。三十年，廣西金田亂起，檄令率兵至兩粵交界開建縣堵禦。匪二千餘，船四十餘，從縣北金莊偷越，督兵進擊，斬其酋二人，餘敗竄，自是不敢犯境。

Zhai Qing'a, whose style was Zhucheng, belonged to the Nara clan and was a Manchu bannerman of the Bordered Yellow Banner. He lost his father at an early age and was brought up by his mother. The household was so poor that on bright moonlit nights they would even put out their lamps. His strength was extraordinary: he could set a large brick on the ground, strike it with his fist, and shatter it instantly. He won renown as a fine archer. Once, while escorting the court to Shengjing, he was told to shoot, hit the mark, and was rewarded with a portion of the imperial meal. In the sixth year of the Daoguang reign he was sent to Fujian and Zhejiang and appointed colonel of the Hangzhou garrison in Zhejiang, where Governor Sun Erzhun took notice of him. When British vessels attacked, he proposed burning enemy ships to repel them, but the plan was rejected. He rose in steady promotion until he became deputy brigade-general of the Zhaoqing command in Guangdong. In the thirtieth year of the reign, after the uprising at Jintian in Guangxi, he was ordered to lead troops to Kaijian County on the Guangdong–Guangxi border to hold the rebels in check. When more than two thousand rebels in some forty boats slipped across from Jinzhuang north of the county, he led his men in a counterattack, beheaded two of their leaders, and routed the rest. After that they did not dare cross the border again.

咸豐元年，廣寧屬江谷屯積匪滋擾，廣東兵會剿，竄廣西懷集一帶，至賀縣屯聚。廣西大吏以廣東各官惟知驅賊了事，移文廣東詰之。總督徐廣縉檄肇慶府知府蔡振武、參將左炘赴廣西勦賊，道出開建。齋清阿以越境追賊，須重兵制其死命，原統駐劄開建之師同赴廣西。守備薩國亮以無越境勦賊之責諫，齋清阿奮然曰：「賊勢蔓延，若畫分畛域，何以紓民困而報國恩？吾雖逾七旬，精力未衰，正臣子戮力時也！」遂與振武等督兵入廣西境。

In the first year of Xianfeng, rebel bands that had gathered at Jianggu Tun in Guangning grew increasingly troublesome. Guangdong forces joined in the campaign, but the rebels slipped into the Huaiji area of Guangxi and massed at Hexian. Guangxi's senior officials complained that their Guangdong counterparts merely drove rebels across the border to be rid of them, and sent formal dispatches to Guangdong demanding an explanation. Governor-general Xu Guangjin ordered Zhaoqing prefect Cai Zhenwu and Colonel Zuo Xin to Guangxi to suppress the rebels, and their march took them through Kaijian. Zhai Qing'a argued that pursuing rebels across the border would require a substantial force to crush them decisively, and asked that the troops he had commanded at Kaijian march with him into Guangxi. Garrison commander Sa Guoliang urged that they had no mandate to fight rebels outside the province, but Zhai Qing'a declared with fervor: "The rebels are spreading everywhere. If we draw lines on a map, how can we ease the people's suffering or repay the emperor's favor? I am past seventy, yet my strength has not failed me. This is exactly when a loyal subject should give his all!" With that he led his troops into Guangxi alongside Zhenwu and the others.

至賀縣鋪門圩，復進至蜑家坪，距賊巢里許，賊突出數百人撲營，官軍迎擊之，斃賊數十人。賊退回松圩，在圩內施放大砲，官軍避入田中，火藥槍繩盡濕，賊復分隊挑戰，抄官兵後，爇火燒山，齋清阿督兵以槍擊斃賊七十餘人。值日暮，孤軍無援，深入被困。事急，掣佩刀連刃數賊，肩中火箭，猶拔箭作戰，手刃執旗賊目一人，刀折，歿於陣，手握斷刀牢不可開，怒目上視，懍然如生，時咸豐元年四月也。卹贈總兵，賞世職，予諡威烈。

They reached Pumen market in Hexian and pushed on to Danjiaping, scarcely a li from the rebel stronghold. Several hundred rebels suddenly rushed the camp; government forces met them head-on and killed several dozen. The rebels fell back to Song market and shelled them from within the town. Government troops took cover in the fields, but their powder and match cords were soaked through. The rebels split into detachments to press the attack, worked around behind the government lines, and set the hills ablaze. Zhai Qing'a directed rifle fire that killed more than seventy rebels. Night fell on an isolated force with no relief, cut off deep in enemy country. In the crisis he drew his side sword and cut down several rebels in succession. Struck in the shoulder by a fire-arrow, he pulled it out and kept fighting, personally killing a rebel standard-bearer. When his blade snapped he fell on the field. His grip on the broken sword was so tight it could not be pried loose; he glared upward in fury, stern as though still alive. It was the fourth month of the first year of Xianfeng. The court granted him posthumous promotion to brigade-general, an hereditary office, and the posthumous title Weilie.

童添雲，字鎮銘，湖南平江人。以貧，偕弟必發走長沙為戰兵。饒膂力，能開五石弓，射必命中。道光二十二年，從提督楊芳出師廣東，一日，夷撲城，有營在城外，芳欲調入，火攻甚熾。募敢死者持令縋城出，添雲應募，少選，兵皆入城，芳奇之。咸豐二年，粵賊圍長沙，與必發從守城，圍解，添雲語人曰：「吾觀諸將中能稱將才者，惟塔都司與彭千總耳。」塔即塔齊布，彭即三元也。會塔齊布練標兵，添雲隸麾下，三元時別將一營，深相結納。茶陵土寇起，塔齊布命解火藥，期三日，添雲逾宿至，吒曰：「何速也？」添雲曰：「遲恐有阻，則貽誤大矣。」

Tong Tianyun, whose style was Zhenming, came from Pingjiang in Hunan. Poor as they were, he and his younger brother Bifa went to Changsha to enlist as campaigning soldiers. He was powerfully built, could draw a five-stone bow, and never missed his mark. In the twenty-second year of Daoguang he marched to Guangdong under Regional Commander Yang Fang. One day the foreigners stormed the city. A camp lay outside the walls, and Yang Fang wanted to pull the men in, but the enemy's fire assault was overwhelming. Yang Fang recruited volunteers to carry orders and be lowered by rope from the wall. Tianyun stepped forward. Before long every man was back inside the city, and Yang Fang marveled at him. In the second year of Xianfeng, Cantonese rebels besieged Changsha. He and Bifa helped defend the city. When the siege was raised, Tianyun told others: "Of all the officers I have seen, only Battalion Commander Ta and Battalion Commander Peng truly deserve to be called generals." Ta was Ta Qibu, and Peng was Sanyuan. When Ta Qibu began drilling the Green Standard troops, Tianyun served under him. Sanyuan then commanded a separate battalion, and the two men became close allies. When local bandits rose at Chaling, Ta Qibu ordered gunpowder delivered within three days. Tianyun arrived in little more than a day. Ta cried out in astonishment: "How did you get here so quickly?" Tianyun replied: "Any delay might cause an obstruction, and that would be a grave mistake." "

四年三月，賊陷湘潭，塔齊布帥標兵等拒戰，添雲與必發從。時賊踞城外民廛，塔齊布好輕騎觀賊，策馬入黃龍巷，必發先驅，巷狹而長，甫入，賊突出刺塔齊布，必發急以背承之，中肩，塔齊布跳而免，必發死之。越二日，師大捷。湘潭平，擢守備，或賀之，添雲憤然曰：「賊戕吾弟，雖官至一品，弗原也！原生啖賊肉耳，何賀為？」遂由湘潭轉戰至岳州，從克岳州，擢都司。克武昌，擢游擊。克興國、大冶、黃梅、廣濟，破田家鎮，擢參將。

In the third month of the fourth year the rebels seized Xiangtan. Ta Qibu led the banner troops and others to resist, and Tianyun and Bifa went with him. The rebels held the civilian quarters outside the walls. Ta Qibu liked to ride out lightly to scout the enemy and spurred his horse into Huanglong Lane with Bifa in the lead. The lane was narrow and long. They had barely entered when rebels rushed out to stab Ta Qibu. Bifa threw his back between them and took a wound in the shoulder. Ta Qibu leaped clear and escaped; Bifa died in his place. Two days later the army won a resounding victory. After Xiangtan was recovered he was promoted to garrison commander. When someone congratulated him, Tianyun said in anger: "The rebels killed my brother. Even if I rose to the highest rank, I could never forgive them! In this life I would gnaw their flesh. What is there to celebrate?" From Xiangtan he fought on to Yuezhou, took part in the recovery of the city, and was promoted to colonel. When Wuchang fell he was promoted to brigade commander. He helped capture Xingguo, Daye, Huangmei, and Guangji, broke through Tianjia Town, and was promoted to colonel.

添雲身長面赤，額以下痘瘢如錢。橫矛陷陣，槍丸如雨，不少卻。賊見其旗，輒相語曰：「童麻子至矣！」則皆走。五年十二月，攻九江，城砲傷胸，舁歸營，卒。發其笥，衣數領而已，同營皆痛哭之。詔贈副將，諡壯節，附祀塔齊布祠。

Tianyun was tall, with a ruddy face and coin-sized pockmarks from his forehead downward. He charged the enemy ranks with leveled spear and did not flinch though bullets fell like rain. Whenever rebels saw his banner they would say to one another: "Tong the pockmarked one is here!" Then they would all flee. In the twelfth month of the fifth year, while attacking Jiujiang, he was struck in the chest by a city gun. Carried back to camp, he died. When his trunk was opened it held only a few garments. The whole camp wept for him. The throne posthumously granted him the rank of deputy brigade-general, the title Zhuangjie, and a place in ancillary worship at Ta Qibu's shrine.

彭三元，字春浦，湖南善化人。道光二十五年武進士，用衛守備，借補千總。咸豐二年，粵匪竄湖南道州，勾結會匪犯東安，三元偕署守備週祿兩次迎剿，殲賊多名。三年，敘省城防堵功，用守備。侍郎曾國籓檄寶慶知府魁聯募寶勇千名，分屬三元五百人。旋平江西泰和土匪於茶陵、安仁。四年，隨副將塔齊布勦賊湘潭，復其城。

Peng Sanyuan, whose style was Chunpu, came from Shanhua in Hunan. In the twenty-fifth year of Daoguang he took the military jinshi degree, was appointed to serve as garrison commander of the guard, and was lent to fill a battalion command. In the second year of Xianfeng, Cantonese rebels slipped into Daozhou in Hunan and joined local secret-society bands in an attack on Dong'an. Sanyuan and acting garrison commander Zhou Lu met them twice in battle and killed many rebels. In the third year his service in the capital's defense was recorded, and he was appointed garrison commander. Vice President Zeng Guofan ordered Baoxing prefect Kui Lian to raise a thousand Bao Braves, and five hundred were assigned to Sanyuan. He soon suppressed the Taihe bandits of Jiangxi in operations at Chaling and Anren. In the fourth year he followed Deputy Brigadier Ta Qibu in the campaign at Xiangtan and helped recover the city.

六月，進攻岳州，是時湘潭潰賊由靖港竄岳州，增壘設卡，為久抗計。巡撫駱秉章暨國籓會督戰船，塔齊布亦統陸路官軍，約期並進。先以疑兵誘賊，賊擁至，觸伏盡殪，擊沉賊船百餘只，遂復岳州。七月，賊水陸大至，官軍迎擊，悉焚其船，其由陸路來犯者，三元沿岸截擊，殲賊目一、餘匪百餘，生擒四十餘名。嗣賊由高橋撲鳳凰山大營，塔齊布督率將弁進剿，三元出奇抄截，分路迎擊，斃賊六百餘名。八月，匪於崇陽交界設卡抗拒，九月，三元偕候選知府羅澤南分路進攻，抵其壘，痛殲之。

In the sixth month the army advanced on Yuezhou. Defeated rebels from Xiangtan had fled through Jinggang into Yuezhou, thrown up new works, and set up checkpoints, intending to hold out indefinitely. Governor Luo Bingzhang and Guofan coordinated the fleet, while Ta Qibu commanded the land forces. They fixed a date for a joint advance. Decoy troops first lured the rebels forward. When they rushed in they walked into ambushes and were wiped out. More than a hundred rebel boats were sunk, and Yuezhou was recovered. In the seventh month the rebels came in force by land and water. Government troops met them, burned their fleet, and Sanyuan cut off the land columns along the riverbank, killing one rebel leader and more than a hundred others and taking more than forty prisoners. When rebels from Gaoqiao struck the main camp at Fenghuang Mountain, Ta Qibu led his officers against them while Sanyuan made a flanking move by surprise. Fighting on several fronts they killed more than six hundred rebels. In the eighth month rebels set up blocking posts on the Chongyang border. In the ninth month Sanyuan and candidate prefect Luo Zinan attacked on separate routes, reached their stockades, and inflicted a crushing defeat.

尋隨塔齊布由嘉魚轉戰而前，所向披靡，直抵武漢。塔齊布分軍三路：一攻武昌，一攻漢陽，一由水路進剿。時風勢順利，官軍縱火，焚賊船數十隻，乘勢奮擊，斃賊無數。漢陽賊大懼，棄城遁，武昌賊亦遁，遂復之。三元並截於洪山要隘，斬馘甚多。十月，偕澤南進屯馬嶺坳，直偪半壁山。賊悉眾至，官軍徑搗賊壘，賊狂竄，三元等分途截殺，斬偽丞相林紹璋及偽將軍指揮等。越數日，賊復由田家鎮渡江來犯，塔齊布擊卻之，列隊江乾。賊偵官軍盡赴下游，徑從上游登岸，將掩襲澤南老營，三元馳至，率眾奮擊，追至牛礶磯，毀其船，斃賊百餘，餘眾潰遁。

He then followed Ta Qibu from Jiayu, fighting his way forward until nothing could stand before them and they reached Wuhan. Ta Qibu divided his forces three ways: one column for Wuchang, one for Hanyang, and one to advance by river. The wind favored them. Government forces set fires that burned dozens of rebel boats, then pressed the attack and killed rebels beyond count. The rebels in Hanyang panicked, abandoned the city, and fled. Those in Wuchang fled as well, and both cities were recovered. Sanyuan also blocked the vital pass at Hong Mountain and took many heads. In the tenth month he joined Zinan in advancing to camp at Maling'ao, pressing directly on Banbishan. The rebels massed their full strength. Government troops struck straight at their works, and the rebels broke and ran. Sanyuan and the others cut them down on several roads, killing the false chancellor Lin Shaozhang and several false generals and commanders. Days later rebels crossed the river again from Tianjia Town. Ta Qibu drove them back and formed his ranks along the bank. The rebels learned that government forces had all moved downstream, landed upstream, and were about to surprise Zinan's main camp. Sanyuan rode hard to the spot, led a fierce counterattack, pursued them to Niuguanji, destroyed their boats, killed more than a hundred rebels, and put the rest to flight.

時三元累功擢至游擊，捷入，進參將。旋隨塔齊布進攻黃梅，時湖北踞匪招安慶援賊併入廣濟，塔齊布擊走之。賊敗竄黃梅，官軍追剿至大河埔。十一月，軍至黃梅，塔齊布偕澤南攻北門，三元列陣橋西以遏賊衝，塔齊布、澤南自城北溝港中取道入，三元等亦由城西越二橋，從柵門躍入。賊驚竄，官軍四面兜圍，其由營壘突出者，殲滅殆盡。克黃梅，移剿九壟驛，擒偽丞相餘福勝。大軍复渡南岸，攻九江城，三元戰績最多。

By then Sanyuan's accumulated victories had earned him promotion to brigade commander, and when word of the latest success arrived he was raised to colonel. He then followed Ta Qibu against Huangmei. Rebels holding ground in Hubei called in reinforcements from Anqing, who joined forces at Guangji, but Ta Qibu drove them off. The defeated rebels fled toward Huangmei, and government troops pursued them as far as Dahepu. In the eleventh month the army reached Huangmei. Ta Qibu and Zinan assaulted the north gate while Sanyuan formed his line west of the bridge to block a rebel breakout. Ta Qibu and Zinan entered through the ditch and harbor north of the city wall, while Sanyuan crossed two bridges from the west and vaulted in through the stockade gate. The rebels broke in panic. Government forces closed in on every side, and those who tried to break out of the camps were almost all killed. After Huangmei fell they moved against Jiulong Post and captured the false chancellor Yu Fusheng. The main force crossed to the south bank again to attack Jiujiang, and Sanyuan's record in battle was the most distinguished.

五年二月，武昌复陷。八月，塔齊佈病歿，三元副澤南迴援武昌。九月，复通城，進師崇陽，賊夜遁，遂克之。國籓疏保堪勝總兵人員，三元得記名以總兵用。會湖南防兵戰蒲圻羊樓峒失利，澤南飭諸營移駐羊樓峒，遏賊上犯，獨率三元及湘副中營官李杏春駐崇陽，於是乘勝攻蒲圻，斃賊數百。賊首石達開率賊大至，三元等分路抵禦，鏖戰多時，斃賊百餘。翌日，賊悉眾來攻，繞營三匝，眾寡不敵，遂歿於陣。贈副將銜，附祀塔齊布專祠，諡勤勇。

In the second month of the fifth year Wuchang fell again. In the eighth month Ta Qibu died of illness, and Sanyuan served under Zinan in the relief march on Wuchang. In the ninth month they recovered Tongcheng and advanced on Chongyang. The rebels fled by night, and the city was taken. Guofan memorialized recommending officers fit for brigade-general's rank, and Sanyuan was placed on the list for appointment as brigade-general. When Hunan's defensive forces were beaten at Yangloudong near Puqi, Zinan ordered the other camps to move up to Yangloudong to block a rebel advance while he alone kept Sanyuan and Li Xingchun of the Hunan central battalion with him at Chongyang. They then pressed their advantage against Puqi and killed several hundred rebels. Rebel leader Shi Dakai arrived in force. Sanyuan and the others met him on several fronts, fought for hours, and killed more than a hundred rebels. The next day the rebels attacked with their full strength, ringed the camp three deep, and overwhelmed by numbers he fell on the field. He was posthumously granted the rank of deputy brigade-general, given a place in ancillary worship at Ta Qibu's dedicated shrine, and honored with the posthumous title Qinyong.

三元忠勇識大體，嘗戰濠頭堡，忽訛言子瑾光陣亡，左右以告，三元急止之曰：「速擊賊！無以吾子阻士氣。」督戰益急。陣歿之日，將出隊，馬忽踶齧，三上三墜，眾以為不祥。杏春亦同時歿於陣。

Sanyuan was loyal, brave, and understood what mattered in war. Once at Haotou Fort a false rumor suddenly spread that his son Jinguang had been killed. His attendants were about to tell him, but he cut them off at once: "Attack the rebels now! Do not let news of my son break the men's spirit." He drove the battle forward all the harder. On the day he died in battle, as he was about to lead his men out, his horse suddenly reared and snapped at him. Three times it threw him, and his soldiers took it as an ill omen. Li Xingchun fell on the field at the same time.

蕭捷三，字敏南，湖南武陵人。由武舉投營效力，擢千總。咸豐二年，以守省城功遷守備，署湘陰千總。四年，賊陷湘陰，坐免。曾國籓奇其才，檄領水師。既克岳州，沿江進剿。閏七月，敗賊高橋、城陵磯，進攻擂鼓台，捷三偕李孟群、楊載福等搜捕兩岸伏賊，俘馘甚眾。乘勝追至六溪口，平賊壘，毀賊艘殆盡，水陸各軍遂進抵嘉魚。以功復職，授永綏協守備。八月，進規武漢，水師分兩隊，捷三率戰艦為前隊，冒砲駛至鸚鵡洲，擲火球焚沿江賊柵，賊不支，揚帆下遁，急駛出賊前，毀其輜重。渡江攻漢陽朝宗門外土城，偕載福等殊死戰，焚漢口以內賊船皆盡。會陸軍破花園賊壘，武昌、漢陽同日復，進都司。時餘賊尚據襄河，乃扼新灘口，溯流進剿，賊艘千餘，連檣下駛，迎擊敗之。追至上游，突有悍賊數舟，用火彈撲營，灼捷三頭面手足幾死，仍裹創力戰，追剿二十餘裡。襄河肅清。

Xiao Jiesan, whose style was Minnan, came from Wuling in Hunan. Having passed the military provincial examination, he entered active service in the army and was promoted to battalion commander. In the second year of the Xianfeng reign, for his service in defending the provincial capital he was promoted to garrison commander and appointed acting battalion commander of Xiangyin. In the fourth year, after rebels captured Xiangyin, he was dismissed from office. Zeng Guofan was impressed by his ability and put him in command of the river fleet. Once Yuezhou had fallen, they pushed downriver in pursuit of the rebels. In the intercalary seventh month they routed the rebels at Gaoqiao and Chenglingji and pressed the attack on Leigutai. Jiesan, Li Mengqun, Yang Zaifu, and others swept both banks for hidden rebels and took a great number of prisoners and heads. Following up their victory they chased the enemy to Liuxikou, destroyed the rebel stockades, and wrecked almost every rebel ship. The combined land and river columns then reached Jiayu. For his achievements he was reinstated and made garrison commander of the Yongshuo garrison. In the eighth month the army moved on Wuhan. The fleet split into two squadrons, with Jiesan leading the vanguard in the warships. Under heavy fire he reached Yingwuzhou, hurled fire balls that set the rebel barriers along the shore ablaze, and when the rebels broke and fled downstream he sprinted ahead of them and destroyed their supplies. He crossed the river and assaulted the earthen fort outside Chaozong Gate at Hanyang. Fighting alongside Zaifu and the others to the death, he burned every rebel vessel as far inland as Hankou. When the land forces overran the rebel stockades at Huayuan, Wuchang and Hanyang were retaken the same day, and he was promoted to colonel. Rebel remnants still held the Xiang River, so he blocked Xintankou and fought upstream against them. When more than a thousand rebel boats came down in linked columns, he met them head-on and routed them. In the pursuit upstream, several fierce rebel boats suddenly hurled fire bombs at his camp, burning Jiesan's head, face, hands, and feet so badly that he nearly died. He bandaged his wounds and kept fighting, driving the pursuit more than twenty li. The Xiang River was cleared of rebels.

尋偕彭玉麟敗賊蘄州釣魚台、骨牌磯，遂大破田家鎮，逾九江，直趨湖口。先是江西吳城戰艦數百淪於賊，賊實沙石沉湖口，截江路，於對岸梅家洲築城，環列巨砲，拒官軍。十二月，捷三駕火舟徑衝賊柵，燔賊舟百數，乘勝駛入內湖，泊大孤塘。游擊孫昌國、黃翼升等出賊不意，焚內湖賊舟二百餘。賊益囊土塞湖口，水涸，師弗克歸。賊以小艇雜外江巨艦中，潛縱火，水師驚潰，國籓大營泊九江北岸，亦被焚襲。捷三陷入內湖，內外隔絕，以忠義激勵將士，軍心彌固。

He then joined Peng Yulin in defeating the rebels at Diaoyutai and Gupaiji near Qizhou, smashed Tianjiazhen in a major victory, passed Jiujiang, and drove straight for Hukou. Earlier, several hundred warships from Wucheng in Jiangxi had been lost to the rebels. The rebels choked Hukou with sand and stone to cut the river, built a fort on the opposite bank at Meijiazhou, and ringed it with heavy guns to hold off the government forces. In the twelfth month Jiesan sent fire ships straight at the rebel barriers, burned several hundred rebel boats, and rode the victory into the inner lake, where he anchored at Dagutang. Brigade commanders Sun Changguo and Huang Yisheng took the rebels by surprise and burned more than two hundred rebel boats on the inner lake. The rebels piled earth into Hukou until the water fell away, and the fleet could not get back out. The rebels hid small boats among the great ships on the outer river and set them afire by stealth. The fleet panicked and scattered, and Guofan's main camp on the north bank at Jiujiang was burned and raided as well. Trapped in the inner lake and cut off from the main force, Jiesan rallied his officers and men on loyalty and duty, and their morale held firm.

五年，國籓入江西，益大治水師，疏薦捷三忠勇，晉游擊。四月，敗賊雞公湖，复都昌。五月，賊由大孤塘上犯，捷三逆擊，屢敗之青山，奪回舊所失帥船及賊魁艨艟巨艦。秋七月，國籓檄平江營陸軍渡湖，約水師夾攻湖口，克之。賊退保石鐘山堅壘，捷三率十七舟銳進，遙見陸軍圍石鐘，氣益奮，方衝越賊艘，上下夾擊而下，石鐘山、梅家洲賊壘砲齊發，捷三中砲死。詔贈副將，諡節愍，賞世職。九年，建石鐘山水師昭忠祠，祀死事將士三千餘人，捷三為之冠。

In the fifth year Guofan entered Jiangxi and greatly expanded the river fleet. He memorialized praising Jiesan's loyalty and courage, and Jiesan was promoted to brigade commander. In the fourth month he defeated the rebels at Jigong Lake and retook Duchang. In the fifth month rebels came up from Dagutang. Jiesan met them head-on, repeatedly routed them at Qingshan, and recovered both his old command ship and the rebel leader's great mengchong warship. In the seventh month Guofan ordered the Pingjiang battalion to cross the lake and coordinated a joint assault with the fleet on Hukou, which was then taken. The rebels fell back to the stronghold on Shizhong Mountain. Jiesan led seventeen boats in a fierce charge. Seeing the land force already closing on Shizhong, he fought with redoubled ardor. As he drove through the rebel boats in a combined assault from river and shore, the rebel batteries on Shizhong Mountain and Meijiazhou opened fire together, and Jiesan was killed by a cannon shot. The throne posthumously granted him the rank of deputy brigade-general, the posthumous title Jiemin, and an hereditary office. In the ninth year a shrine to the loyal dead of the river fleet was built at Shizhong Mountain for more than three thousand officers and soldiers who fell in service, with Jiesan placed at the head of the roll.

周清元，字玉泉，湘陰人。世業農。時與群兒角戲於牧場，立表數十步外，飛石命中。掘溝數丈，跳越之，能往復十次，群兒皆出其下。同里左明志以拳勇鳴於鄉，招致門下，傳以技，言：「天下幸無事，有事，則清元暨子光培皆驍將也。」咸豐二年冬，賊自益陽竄臨資口，清元混跡市中，默識其軍卒舟艦糧械之數，聞提督向榮尾追至八字哨，相距三十里，遮道見榮曰：「廣西能戰賊，不過三千餘人，餘皆裹脅也。臨資口四面阻水，湘包其東南，資繞其西北，數十里平原，渺無障蔽。賊所擄民船笨重不易行，一炬可盡也。請以兵扼要路，使不得偷渡，賊糧盡，旬日當餓死，何怯而不為？」榮不省，固請，榮叱之退。賊遂從容駛去。及東南糜爛，清元歎曰：「賊自走絕地，向公縱之去，能辭咎耶？」

Zhou Qingyuan, whose style was Yuquan, came from Xiangyin. His family had farmed for generations. As a boy he wrestled and played with the other children on the pasture. He could set up a mark dozens of paces away and hit it with a thrown stone. He dug a ditch several zhang deep and cleared it in repeated leaps, going back and forth ten times. None of the other boys could match him. A neighbor, Zuo Mingzhi, was renowned locally for boxing and courage. He took Qingyuan under his wing and trained him, saying: "If the realm stays at peace, so much the better; but if war comes, Qingyuan and my son Guangpei will both prove fierce commanders." In the winter of the second year of Xianfeng, rebels fleeing from Yiyang made for Linzikou. Qingyuan moved unnoticed through the market and quietly counted their men, boats, grain, and arms. Learning that Grand Coordinator Xiang Rong was close behind and had reached Bazishao, thirty li away, he intercepted Rong on the road and said: "Of the Guangxi rebels who can actually fight, there are no more than about three thousand; the rest are all dragooned followers. Linzikou is hemmed in by water on every side—the Xiang on the southeast, the Zi on the northwest—and for dozens of li around it lies open plain without cover. The civilian boats they have seized are heavy and slow; a single blaze could destroy them all. Send troops to hold the key crossings so they cannot escape. Once their supplies run out, they will starve within ten days. Why hesitate to act?" Rong did not grasp his point. When Qingyuan pressed the matter, Rong shouted him away. The rebels then sailed off unhurried. When the southeast lay in ruins, Qingyuan sighed and said: "The rebels had trapped themselves in a dead end, yet Lord Xiang let them go. How can he escape blame?" "

三年，國籓大治水軍，清元與光培同應募，隸千總楊載福部下。載福嘗為湘陰汛外委，夙才清元；捷三官湘陰時，亦知清元驍勇，故戰必與俱。四年，賊踞湘潭，載福等帥水師進剿，時賊掠民船數千，旗幟蔽兩岸。水軍本新募，又經岳州新挫，望之奪氣。清元言於介眾曰：「民船不能戰，一炬可盡也！」遂隨載福猛擊，逼賊巨艦。賊倉卒以瓷碗來擲，清元手接而回擲之，中賊渠。載福躍登賊舟，清元隨聳身入，用火球分擲左右舟，風烈火大熾，賊爭赴水死。從軍見火起，急槳爭進，分途縱火，燔賊船皆盡。以功拔充哨官，隨攻克岳州、嘉魚。八月，攻克武漢，受重創，力疾進剿蘄、黃、田家鎮皆有功。五年，武昌再陷，隨彭玉麟回援，駐金口，扼上游。每戰必身先，不受創不止。

In the third year Guofan built up the river fleet on a large scale. Qingyuan and Guangpei both enlisted and served under battalion commander Yang Zaifu. Zaifu had once served as an external assistant at the Xiangyin garrison and had long known Qingyuan's ability; and when Jiesan had served at Xiangyin he too had recognized Qingyuan's courage, so in every battle he kept him close. In the fourth year rebels held Xiangtan, and Zaifu led the fleet against them. The rebels had seized thousands of civilian boats, and their banners darkened both banks. The fleet was newly recruited and had just been beaten at Yuezhou; at the sight the men lost heart. Qingyuan told the officers and men: "Those civilian boats cannot fight. One blaze can destroy them all!" He then charged with Zaifu, closing hard on the rebel great ships. The rebels hurled porcelain bowls in desperation. Qingyuan caught them and threw them back, striking a rebel leader. Zaifu leaped onto a rebel boat and Qingyuan vaulted in after him. They hurled fire balls to the boats on either side; the wind fanned the flames until they roared, and rebels plunged into the water to their deaths. Seeing the blaze, the rest of the force rowed forward at full speed, spread out to set fires on every side, and burned the rebel fleet to the last boat. For his service he was promoted to squad leader and took part in the capture of Yuezhou and Jiayu. In the eighth month Wuhan fell. Though badly wounded, he pressed on in spite of his injuries and distinguished himself at Qizhou, Huangzhou, and Tianjiazhen. In the fifth year Wuchang fell again. He returned with Peng Yulin to relieve the city, encamped at Jinkou, and held the upper river. In every battle he led from the front and would not stop until he had been wounded.

六年，胡林翼攻武昌，經歲不下，議先斷糧路困賊，乃檄水師清江面賊船。清元時典水師副後營，率先下駛，越武、漢二城，直駐沙口，屢敗賊。駐沙口八閱月，賊糧斷，城賊乃困。十一月二十二日，清元由沙口帥師上擊，先破賊浮橋，斷其鐵鍊，大戰黃鶴樓下，被砲傷，力戰不退，各營繼之，遂克武昌。未幾，以創重卒於軍，年二十有六。清元時已洊保參將，詔視副將例議卹，諡貞愍，賞世職。石鐘山昭忠祠，捷三冠而清元次之。

In the sixth year Hu Linyi besieged Wuchang for a full year without success. The plan was to cut the rebels' supply line and starve them out, so he ordered the fleet to sweep rebel boats from the river. Qingyuan then commanded the fleet's rear auxiliary second battalion. He led the way downstream, passed Wuchang and Hanyang, and pushed straight to Shakou, repeatedly defeating the rebels. After eight months at Shakou he had cut the rebels' supplies, and the garrison in the city was brought to bay. On the twenty-second of the eleventh month Qingyuan led his men upstream from Shakou. He first broke the rebel pontoon bridge and cut their iron chains, then fought a major battle below Yellow Crane Tower. Hit by cannon fire, he held his ground; the other battalions came up behind him, and Wuchang fell. Not long afterward he died in camp from his wounds, aged twenty-six. Qingyuan had already been recommended for promotion to brigade-general. The throne ordered condolence honors according to the regulations for a deputy brigade-general, granted him the posthumous title Zhenmin, and awarded an hereditary office. At the shrine to the loyal dead on Shizhong Mountain, Jiesan was honored first and Qingyuan second.

蔡應龍，江西樂平人。由行伍洊升千總。道光三十年，升廣西永寧營守備。咸豐元年七月，提督向榮擊賊於東鄉，馬中砲斃，應龍以所乘馬授榮，步行接戰，立斃賊三人，榮乃得免。欽差大臣賽尚阿以聞，授梧州都司。二年，晉游擊。

Cai Yinglong came from Leping in Jiangxi. He rose through the ranks to battalion commander. In the thirtieth year of the Daoguang reign he was promoted to garrison commander of the Yongning garrison in Guangxi. In the seventh month of the first year of Xianfeng, Grand Coordinator Xiang Rong fought rebels at Dongxiang. His horse was killed by a cannon shot. Yinglong gave Rong his own mount, fought on foot, and killed three rebels on the spot, allowing Rong to escape. Imperial Commissioner Saishang'a reported the deed, and Yinglong was appointed colonel at Wuzhou. In the second year he was promoted to brigade commander.

三年五月，江寧賊掠商船，泊觀音門外，時榮官欽差大臣，飭應龍偕知府陳景曾馳往，諭以大義，船戶各憬悟聽命，自焚其船，押船賊無一得脫者，計焚毀及逃竄千餘艘，遣散水手萬餘人。時賊踞城外街，與雨花台相犄角，應龍潛師過雨花台，至街尾縱火燒賊壘，賊驚遁，官軍截擊之，斬馘無算。

In the fifth month of the third year rebels at Jiangning seized merchant boats and anchored outside Guanyin Gate. Rong, then serving as Imperial Commissioner, sent Yinglong with Prefect Chen Jingzeng to the scene. They appealed to the boat owners' sense of duty; each man came to his senses and obeyed, burning his own vessel. Not one rebel boat guard escaped. More than a thousand boats were burned or wrecked in flight, and more than ten thousand sailors were sent home. Rebels then held the streets outside the walls in mutual support with Yuhuatai. Yinglong slipped troops past Yuhuatai, reached the far end of the street, and set the rebel stockades ablaze. The rebels broke and fled; government troops cut them off and killed them beyond count.

四年，升全州營參將。五月，大兵圍偪江寧，賊拒守不出，應龍登鍾山，望太平門外賊勢，賊見官軍少，包抄而上，應龍且戰且退，以伏兵擊賊，大敗之。時賊船麕集於江北七里洲，應龍駕小船入，潛薄北岸，射火箭毀其船二十，而大隊賊船適至，應龍舍舟陸戰，燃砲擊沉賊船數只。閏七月，擊賊洪武門，斬首數百級，复連敗賊高橋門等處，三日斃賊數千。賊猝於兩花台、洪武門突出，撲七星橋營壘，應龍擊卻之。旋升楚雄副將。

In the fourth year he was promoted to brigade-general of the Quanzhou garrison. In the fifth month the main force closed in on Jiangning, but the rebels held the walls and refused to come out. Yinglong climbed Zhong Mountain to survey the rebel positions outside Taiping Gate. Seeing how few government troops were present, the rebels tried to envelop them. Yinglong fought a fighting retreat, then hit them with ambush troops and routed them. Rebel boats were massed at Qilizhou on the north bank. Yinglong took a small boat in, stole up to the north shore, and destroyed twenty boats with fire arrows. A large rebel squadron then arrived; Yinglong left his boat to fight on land, fired his guns, and sank several rebel vessels. In the intercalary seventh month he attacked rebels at Hongwu Gate and took several hundred heads. He then routed them again at Gaoqiao Gate and elsewhere, killing several thousand rebels in three days. Rebels suddenly sallied from Lianghuatai and Hongwu Gate and stormed the camp at Qixing Bridge. Yinglong beat them back. He was soon promoted to deputy brigade-general at Chuxiong.

十月，賊造木簰，上施木城，列巨砲，沿南岸下駛，至八卦洲擱淺。應龍乘夜發火燒之，賊爭赴水死。官軍突煙上簰，擒斬餘黨淨盡。時浦口九洑洲久為賊踞，以梗官軍，陸軍攻之，賊船來援。應龍統帶紅單、拖罟各船截擊，賊敗遁，官軍遂奪九洑洲。十一月，赴秣陵關查勘地勢，還言於榮，請乘虛襲板橋賊營，既可援應水師，更可抄出雨花台、上坊橋諸賊營之後。遂率千人間道襲擊，街外賊敗走，餘賊憑壘死守，复急攻之，焚其壘。

In the tenth month the rebels built wooden rafts topped with wooden forts and heavy guns, then floated them down the south bank until they ran aground at Baguazhou. Yinglong attacked by night and set them ablaze. Rebels plunged into the water to their deaths. Government troops charged through the smoke onto the rafts, captured and killed the survivors, and wiped them out to the last man. Jiufuzhou at Pukou had long been held by rebels and blocked government operations. When the land force attacked it, rebel boats came to the rescue. Yinglong led red-banner boats, drag-net boats, and other vessels in an intercepting attack. The rebels were beaten and fled, and the government forces took Jiufuzhou. In the eleventh month he reconnoitered the ground at Moling Pass and, on returning, urged Rong to seize the moment and strike the rebel camp at Banqiao. The move would both support the fleet and allow troops to get behind the rebel camps at Yuhuatai, Shangfang Bridge, and elsewhere. He then led a thousand men by a hidden path in a surprise attack. The rebels in the outer streets broke and ran; the rest held their stockades to the death. He pressed the assault and burned the fortifications.

五年九月，官軍為蕪湖援賊牽制，應龍攻奪米家嶺賊壘二、廣福磯賊壘四。賊旋於丁橋一帶袤延築壘，其地則外圍塘港，中間小路。應龍率師攻擊時許，遽麾軍退，誘賊過而擊之，殲溺無算。

In the ninth month of the fifth year government forces were pinned down by rebels relieving Wuhu. Yinglong captured two rebel stockades at Mijialing and four at Guangfuji. The rebels then threw up a long line of stockades around Dingqiao. The ground was ringed by ponds and canals, with a narrow path through the middle. Yinglong attacked for a time, then suddenly ordered a withdrawal, drew the rebels across the path, and struck them, killing and drowning them beyond count.

六年，江寧賊分股至楊家壩、陳莊築壘，欲窺倉頭。應龍與總兵張國樑分路衝擊，斷賊為二，賊敗竄歸巢。三月，督兵攻拔炭渚、下蜀街、太平橋一帶賊壘七，毀沿江賊卡十餘處，殲斃四千餘人。五月，赴援寧國，戰歿。榮以聞，詔以應龍在窯灣力戰身亡，命優恤，諡勇介，給世職。

In the sixth year rebel detachments from Jiangning built stockades at Yangjiaba and Chenzhuang, probing toward Cangtou. Yinglong and Regional Commander Zhang Guoliang attacked on separate routes, cut the rebel force in two, and drove the survivors back to their base. In the third month he led troops in capturing seven rebel stockades around Tanzhu, Xiashujie, and Taipingqiao, destroyed more than ten rebel river checkpoints, and killed more than four thousand rebels. In the fifth month he marched to relieve Ningguo and was killed in battle. Rong reported his death. The throne learned that Yinglong had fought to the end at Yaowan and ordered exceptional honors, granting him the posthumous title Yongjie and an hereditary office.

蕭意文，字章甫，湖南湘鄉人。初隸羅澤南麾下，從征江西、湖北，累以功至參將。咸豐八年，李續賓徵皖北，從克潛山、太湖、舒城、桐城，進攻三河鎮。三河鎮者，舒、廬適中地，賊屯糧械以濟廬州、金陵者也。築大城，環以九壘，備嚴甚。續賓銳意攻取，十月，分三路進剿，意文攻河南老鼠夾賊壘，冒砲石先進，各營繼之，縱火焚其壘，賊大亂。意文受砲創，殊死戰，奪柵入，九壘皆下，賊盡殲，無脫者。官軍傷亡千餘，意文以創重歸營卒。詔贈副將，諡剛勇。續賓部將以敢戰著、同死三河之難者，彭友勝、劉神山，均見續賓傳。

Xiao Yiwen, whose style was Zhangfu, came from Xiangxiang in Hunan. He first served under Luo Zinan, campaigned in Jiangxi and Hubei, and rose through repeated distinction to brigade-general. In the eighth year of Xianfeng, when Li Xubin campaigned in northern Anhui, he followed in the capture of Qianshan, Taihu, Shucheng, and Tongcheng and advanced against Sanhe Town. Sanhe Town stood midway between Shucheng and Luzhou. The rebels kept grain and arms there to supply Luzhou and Jinling. They had built a great walled town ringed by nine outlying stockades, and its defenses were formidable. Xubin was determined to take the town. In the tenth month he divided his force into three columns. Yiwen assaulted the rebel stockade at Laoshujia south of the river, leading the charge under cannon fire and falling stones. The other battalions followed, set the stockades ablaze, and threw the rebels into chaos. Wounded by cannon fire, Yiwen fought on to the death, broke through the barriers, and took all nine stockades. The rebels were wiped out to the last man. The government force lost more than a thousand killed and wounded. Yiwen returned to camp with grave wounds and died there. The throne posthumously granted him the rank of deputy brigade-general and the posthumous title Gangyong. Among Xubin's officers noted for courage who died with him in the disaster at Sanhe were Peng Yousheng and Liu Shenshan; both are discussed in Xubin's biography.

周福高，字子祥。亦先從澤南援剿江、鄂。續賓接統湘軍，福高無役不從。以小池口、梅家洲諸戰尤用命，累官至參將。軍抵三河，援賊麕至，諸將知戰必敗，無鬥志。福高憤然曰：「男兒效力疆場，寧可逆計禍福，敗則死耳，吾輩畏死不來矣！既至此，敢惜死隳壯志！」遂慷慨赴敵，力戰而歿。詔贈副將，諡敏烈。

Zhou Fugao, courtesy name Zixiang. He had earlier served under Luo Ze'nan in relief operations against rebels in Jiangxi and Hubei. When Li Xubin assumed command of the Xiang Army, Fugao followed him into every battle. He distinguished himself at Xiaochikou, Meijiazhou, and other engagements, eventually rising through the ranks to colonel. When the army reached Sanhe, rebel reinforcements poured in. The officers knew the battle was lost before it began, and their will to fight collapsed. Fugao spoke in anger: "A man serves at the frontier—who weighs profit and loss before the fight? If we fall, we fall; if we feared death, we would never have come at all! Having come this far, how can we cling to life and break our oath?" With that he charged into the enemy ranks, fought until he could fight no more, and fell. The throne posthumously granted him the rank of deputy brigade-general and the posthumous title Minlie.

彭志德，字道一。隸湘軍，每戰必為前驅，恥居人後。累官至參將。三河之役，諸營皆潰，志德率所部貫賊陣突出，死者過半，身受重創。走入中右營，與副將李存漢等竭力死守，越三日，營陷，死之。詔贈副將，諡武烈。

Peng Zhide, courtesy name Daoyi. He served in the Xiang Army and always took the vanguard, ashamed to let others pass him by. Repeated promotions brought him to the rank of colonel. At Sanhe the whole line collapsed. Zhide drove his men through the rebel formation and broke out, losing more than half his force and taking grave wounds himself. He fell back to the central-right camp, where he and Deputy Brigadier Li Cunhan held out with every ounce of strength. After three days the camp was overrun and he died in its defense. The throne posthumously granted him the rank of deputy brigade-general and the posthumous title Wulie.

李存漢，以鄉勇隨剿廣西、江西、湖北等省，累官至副將。未抵三河鎮之先，進攻舒城者凡五營，並西北面賊壘，獨存漢一軍攻東南城門。壘既破，城賊以存漢故，弗能救，旋棄城遁，追斬無遺。續賓被圍三河，調桐城戍兵未至，事迫，誓必死，存漢等皆跪泣，原從死以報國。續賓陷陣卒，存漢與道員孫守信等堅守待援，力持三晝夜。營陷，存漢率壯士衝賊陣，越壕走保桐城。賊大至，城破，存漢巷戰歿。詔贈總兵，諡果愍。福高、志德、存漢均湘鄉人，並附祀續賓祠。

Li Cunhan entered service as village militia and fought rebels across Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hubei, and other provinces, eventually rising to deputy brigade-general. Before the army reached Sanhe, five battalions besieged Shucheng and assaulted the rebel works on the northwest side; Cunhan alone was assigned to storm the southeast gate. Once the works fell, the rebels inside could not be reinforced because of Cunhan's position; they soon abandoned the city and fled, and the pursuers cut down every last man. When Li Xubin was trapped at Sanhe and the Tongcheng garrison he had called for had not arrived, the crisis was upon them. He vowed to die where he stood. Cunhan and the others knelt in tears and begged to die with him in service to the throne. Li Xubin fell in battle. Cunhan, Circuit Intendant Sun Shouxin, and the others held on for three days and nights, waiting for relief that never came. When the camp finally fell, Cunhan led a band of picked men through the rebel lines, crossed the moat, and withdrew toward Tongcheng. Rebel forces arrived in overwhelming numbers. The city fell, and Cunhan died fighting street by street. The throne posthumously granted him the rank of brigade-general and the posthumous title Guomin. Fugao, Zhide, and Cunhan were all from Xiangxiang and were jointly enshrined in Li Xubin's memorial temple.

同時游擊杜廷光、王懷興，均湘鄉人，均以苦戰陣亡。

At the same time, Guerrilla Officers Du Tingguang and Wang Huaixing, fellow natives of Xiangxiang, also fell after bitter fighting.

賴高翔，福建和平人。少入行伍，累功至千總。咸豐三年，潮州小刀會匪糾土匪陷漳州，高翔從總兵饒廷選討平之，擢漳州城守營都司。四年，漳浦古竹社匪戕官擾亂，築石堡自固，官軍久攻未拔。高翔偕龍巖游擊馬至元、漳州鎮左營游擊惠壽等冒雨直搗賊巢。賊固守不下，高翔夜偕勇首畢定邦潛師梯登，克石堡，斬獲無算。餘匪乘夜奔竄，窮追至海汊，皆赴水死，漳州平。

Lai Gaoxiang was a native of Heping in Fujian. He joined the army in youth and rose through merit to the rank of battalion commander. In 1853, Chaozhou Small Sword Society rebels allied with mountain bandits to capture Zhangzhou. Gaoxiang served under Brigade General Rao Tingxuan in retaking the city and was promoted to battalion commander of the Zhangzhou garrison. In 1854, rebels of the Guzhu Society in Zhangpu murdered officials and seized control, building stone forts for defense. Government forces besieged them for a long time without success. Gaoxiang joined Guerrilla Officer Ma Zhiyuan of Longyan, Guerrilla Officer Huishou of the Zhangzhou garrison's left battalion, and others in a rain-soaked assault on the rebel stronghold. The rebels held firm. That night Gaoxiang and the brave captain Bi Dingbang led a stealth force up scaling ladders, stormed the stone fort, and killed and captured beyond count. The survivors fled under cover of darkness. Pursuit drove them to the tidal channels, where they drowned themselves to the last man. Zhangzhou was at last pacified.

六年，江西邊錢會匪糾粵賊陷新城、貴溪，謀攻廣信。知府沈葆楨以血書告急於廷選，高翔時從廷選駐防玉山，倍道赴之。廷選軍素無部伍，唯高翔與定邦以敢戰名，行不齎糧，止不為屯，故赴急易。軍至廣信，寇旋至，背城擊賊，屢破之。賊來益眾，幕府文員皆懼，慫廷選還軍，高翔、定邦怒曰：「諸君怯，何如勿來？今我在城中，賊不知我虛實，以我能援廣信，後路必有大軍。若棄城遁，賊知吾兵寡，氣益壯，追殲立盡，尚何浙境之可歸耶？當為諸君決死戰，翼日觀吾破賊！」乃偕定邦開城縱擊，自晨至日昃，盡毀城外賊壘，斃賊三千餘，斬渠帥數人，賊駭遁。論功以游擊用。廣信圍既解，廷選還浙，高翔留駐廣信。

In 1856, Qian Society rebels on the Jiangxi border allied with Guangdong bandits to capture Xincheng and Guixi and advance on Guangxin. Prefect Shen Baozhen sent Rao Tingxuan an urgent plea written in his own blood. Gaoxiang was then stationed with Rao at Yushan and marched at double speed to the relief. Rao's force was loosely organized, but Gaoxiang and Dingbang were famed for their fighting spirit. They marched without baggage trains and seldom made formal camps, which made them swift to answer a call for help. The relief force reached Guangxin just as the rebels arrived. Fighting with their backs to the city wall, they repulsed the enemy again and again. As rebel numbers swelled, the civilian advisers in headquarters panicked and urged Rao to withdraw. Gaoxiang and Dingbang said in fury: "If you were such cowards, why come at all? As long as we hold the city, the rebels cannot gauge our strength. They will assume that anyone who could relieve Guangxin must have a larger force coming up behind. If we abandon the city and run, they will know how few we are, gather their courage, and cut us down to the last man on the retreat. What hope would there be of returning to Zhejiang alive? We will fight this battle to the death for you. Watch us break the rebels tomorrow! With that they threw open the gates and charged. From morning until mid-afternoon they demolished every rebel fort outside the walls, killed more than three thousand men, beheaded several rebel chiefs, and sent the rest fleeing in terror. For his service he was promoted to guerrilla officer. After the siege of Guangxin was lifted, Rao returned to Zhejiang while Gaoxiang remained as garrison commander.

明年七月，樂平賊踞縣城，將軍福興檄高翔往剿，賊眾五六千，分道抗拒。高翔督都司馮日坤、勇目刁士樞等迎擊，賊殊死鬥，高翔突陣負創，戰益力。擊斃黃衣賊目，橫衝賊營，賊大潰，乘勝蹙之，生擒偽指揮遜天侯等，餘賊竄景德鎮，遂克樂平。移防弋陽，八年二月，補游擊。臨江餘寇合撫州賊趨廣豐，福興退駐廣信，高翔自弋陽聞警赴援，轉戰至鉛山之石塘，賊勢益盛，兵寡援絕，力戰死。贈副將，給世職。

In the seventh month of the following year, rebels seized Leping. General Fuxing ordered Gaoxiang to suppress them. Five or six thousand rebels split into columns to resist. Gaoxiang directed Battalion Commander Feng Rikun, Brave Captain Diao Shishu, and others in the counterattack. The rebels fought to the death. Gaoxiang was wounded charging the rebel line but fought on with redoubled fury. They killed a yellow-robed rebel officer and swept through the enemy camp. The rebels broke and fled. Pressing the advantage, they captured the pseudo-commander the Marquis of Xuntian and others alive. The survivors withdrew toward Jingdezhen, and Leping fell. He was reassigned to garrison Yiyang and in February 1858 received a formal appointment as guerrilla officer. Remnant rebels from Linjiang joined forces with rebels from Fuzhou and marched on Guangfeng. Fuxing fell back to Guangxin. Gaoxiang marched from Yiyang at the first alarm and fought his way to Shitang in Qianshan, where rebel strength was overwhelming, reinforcements never came, and he died fighting to the last. He was posthumously granted the rank of deputy brigade-general and a hereditary office for his descendants.

畢定邦，字康侯，山東淄川人。以武童投效漳州軍營。小刀會匪陷漳州，紳民輸款，游擊饒廷選約內應，定邦率建勇助剿，戰最力，從復府城。以次討平雲霄、漳浦賊匪，斬獲尤眾。复討平仙遊會匪，總督王懿德檄定邦率仙游得勝之師，間道馳剿。冬夜四鼓，蛇行進，將賊堡附近釘桶竹籤拔除，黎旦，奮勇梯登，與高翔同有功，復與高翔同解廣信圍，累擢至參將。

Bi Dingbang, courtesy name Kanghou, was a native of Zichuan in Shandong. He entered service as a military licentiate in the Zhangzhou garrison. When the Small Sword Society took Zhangzhou, local gentry and people began paying tribute to the rebels. Guerrilla Officer Rao Tingxuan arranged an uprising from within, and Dingbang led militia from Jian in the counterattack, fighting at the forefront and helping retake the prefectural seat. He then helped pacify rebels in Yunxiao and Zhangpu, accounting for an especially large number of kills and captures. After helping put down society rebels in Xianyou, Governor-General Wang Yide ordered Dingbang to lead the victorious Xianyou force by a concealed route in a rapid strike. On a winter night in the fourth watch they crawled forward under cover, pulled up the nail-stakes and bamboo spikes around the rebel fort, and at dawn stormed the walls by ladder. He won credit alongside Gaoxiang at the stone fort and again in the relief of Guangxin, rising through repeated promotions to colonel.

七年，粵賊竄圍建寧，分黨陷邵武、浦城，定邦奉檄援閩，率部眾疾趨抵甌寧，直前搏賊。賊由建陽逃竄，复糾鄉團夾擊。賊斷七星橋抗拒，令鄉團伏山腰，張幟以疑之，躬率勁旅迫橋，以輕兵由淺處渡河，前後合攻。賊殊鬥，黃衣悍黨數十，屢出盪決，盡殪之，賊大奔。毀賊壘十一，焚逆舟六十，直逼建寧臨江門。大股賊復來犯，縱擊敗之，斬悍目六，斃賊數千，踏平城外賊壘，遂解建寧之圍。進搗邵武，克之，遷參將。复督鄉團剿平浦城之賊，閩邊肅清，以副將升用。進剿白水墩賊匪，中彈，卒於軍，年二十六。給世職，諡愍烈，與高翔同附祀廷選祠。

In 1857, Guangdong rebels besieged Jianning while detachments seized Shaowu and Pucheng. Ordered to reinforce Fujian, Dingbang rushed his troops to Ouning and threw them straight at the enemy. The rebels fled through Jianyang, where he rallied local militia for a pincer attack. The rebels blocked Qixing Bridge. He hid militia on the hillside with banners to hold their attention, then personally led crack troops to the bridge while light units waded the shallows upstream and downstream. Front and rear closed in together. The rebels fought furiously. Several dozen ferocious fighters in yellow surcoats charged out again and again in sorties; every one was cut down, and the rest broke and ran. They destroyed eleven rebel fortifications, burned sixty rebel boats, and pressed all the way to Linjiang Gate outside Jianning. When a large rebel force returned, he drove them off, beheaded six fierce chieftains, killed several thousand men, flattened every fort outside the walls, and broke the siege of Jianning. He marched on Shaowu, captured it, and was promoted to colonel. He then led local militia in clearing rebels from Pucheng, pacifying the Fujian border, and was promoted to deputy brigade-general. While pressing an attack on rebels at Baishuidun he was shot and died in camp at the age of twenty-six. He was granted a hereditary office and the posthumous title Minlie, and was enshrined with Gaoxiang in Rao Tingxuan's memorial temple.

劉德亮，湖南長沙人。咸豐四年，投效水師營，隨道員褚汝航等破岳州踞賊，又隨知府彭玉麟克漢口鎮。五年，勦賊武、漢、蘄、黃間，大小數十戰，德亮皆衝鋒陷陣，又隨軍斫斷橫江鐵鎖，擊沙洲爭渡之賊。嗣偕都司胡友亮堵賊童司牌，焚內湖賊艇，並燒浮橋。尋與游擊孫昌凱會剿黃梅踞賊，破其要衝。八年，福建陸路提督楊載福等攻九江，發地雷，轟塌城垣，賊由龍口河傾壁出竄，德亮率所部登岸截擊，殲數百人，复府城。

Liu Deliang was a native of Changsha in Hunan. In 1854 he joined the naval forces and served under Circuit Intendant Chu Ruhang in breaking the rebel hold on Yuezhou, then under Prefect Peng Yulin in the capture of Hankou. In 1855 he fought rebels across the Wuchang, Hankou, Qizhou, and Huangzhou region in dozens of engagements, always in the vanguard. He also helped cut the iron chains stretched across the Yangtze and drive off rebels fighting for a crossing at Shazhou. He then joined Battalion Commander Hu Youliang in blocking rebels at Tongsi Pai, burning rebel craft on the inner lake, and setting fire to their pontoon bridges. He soon joined Guerrilla Officer Sun Changkai in a combined operation against rebels holding Huangmei and broke their main strongpoint. In 1858, Provincial Commander Yang Zaifu and others besieged Jiujiang. Land mines brought down the walls, and rebels poured out through the breach at Longkou River. Deliang led his men ashore to intercept them, killed several hundred, and helped retake the city.

又隨載福軍進規安慶，先破大通賊壘。趨銅陵，德亮麾隊攻其北，直偪城下，身受七傷，猶裹創仰攻不退。池州賊黨萬餘來救安慶，擄民船渡至樅陽，載福令隨總兵陳金鼇等馳往截剿。師至羅塘洲嘴，樅陽港內木椿鐵鍊層層攔截，泊賊船百餘。副將王明山等登洲轟擊，督勇鳧水過港，賊驚潰，官軍盡焚其船。遂率隊攻樅陽街尾，金鼇攻樅陽街頭。賊排砲抗拒，德亮鼓眾飛槳進截新河鐵鍊，麾隊登岸直攻中路，副將李朝斌抄賊壘後，官軍三路進偪賊壕，平其五壘，逐北二十餘裡，賊屍枕藉。累功擢至參將。

He then marched with Yang's force toward Anqing and first stormed the rebel fortifications at Datong. At Tongling he led his company against the north wall and pressed to the foot of the ramparts. He took seven wounds yet bound them and kept assaulting upward without yielding. More than ten thousand rebels from Chizhou marched to relieve Anqing, seized civilian boats, and crossed to Zongyang. Yang ordered Deliang to follow Brigade General Chen Jin'ao on a forced march to cut them off. At Luotangzhou Point they found Zongyang harbor blocked with layer upon layer of wooden piles and iron chains, and more than a hundred rebel vessels at anchor. Deputy Brigadier Wang Mingshan and others landed on the point and opened fire. Deliang's braves swam the harbor under covering fire. The rebels panicked and fled, and government forces burned every rebel vessel. Deliang then led his detachment against the lower end of Zongyang while Chen Jin'ao struck the upper end. The rebels lined up their cannon to hold them off. Deliang drove his men forward at the oars to seize the iron chains at Xinhe, landed to strike the center, while Deputy Brigadier Li Chaobin flanked the rebel forts from behind. Government forces closed on three sides, flattened five fortifications, and pursued the fleeing rebels for more than twenty li, leaving corpses piled along the road. For accumulated merit he was promoted to colonel.

十年，再攻樅陽，破鮑家村賊壘，斬晏家塘賊魁。時池州賊以殷家彙為犄角，載福率步隊往攻，而令德亮等以舢板夾擊，斃匪甚多，獲槍械馬匹稱是。殷家匯賊壘既平，乘勝攻池州，德亮由東門外卡緣牆斬關入，破其石壘，盡毀東門外房屋，復分攻南門，獲逆艇八。德亮奮不顧身，執旗先登，中砲，歿於陣。載福上聞，詔令議卹，諡威毅，給世職。

In 1860 he attacked Zongyang again, stormed the rebel fort at Baojia Village, and beheaded the rebel chief at Yanjiatang. Chizhou rebels had fortified Yinjiahui as an outwork. Yang led infantry against it while Deliang and others closed in from both flanks with sampans, killing large numbers and capturing a correspondingly great haul of arms and horses. After Yinjiahui fell they pressed on to Chizhou. Deliang scaled the wall outside the east gate, broke through the barrier, stormed the stone fort, demolished every building east of the gate, then split his force to attack the south gate and captured eight rebel vessels. Deliang, heedless of his own life, seized the banner and was first over the wall. A cannon shot killed him where he stood. Yang reported his death to the throne, which ordered condolence payments and granted him the posthumous title Weiyi and a hereditary office.

陳大富，字餘庵，湖南武陵人。起行伍。道光末，以外委從提督向榮勦賊廣西，回援長沙，追賊武昌，屢著戰績，洊擢常德協都司。進剿江寧，轉戰蕪湖、鎮江間，以功賞花翎。咸豐七年，隨提督鄧紹良复寧國屬之灣沚、黃池，進游擊。尋援浙江，敗賊金華、處州，除參將。賊竄婺源、石埭、太平，先後擊走之。以從復涇縣，拔南陵，擢副將。八年十一月，灣沚師潰，紹良死，大富左次南陵。明年四月，賊犯南陵，百計環攻，不得逞，十年三月，圍始解。帝嘉其功，除皖南鎮總兵。

Chen Dafu, courtesy name Yu'an, was a native of Wuling in Hunan. He rose from the ranks. In the late Daoguang era he served as an acting officer under Provincial Commander Xiang Rong against rebels in Guangxi, helped relieve Changsha, pursued the enemy to Wuchang, and won repeated distinction, rising through successive promotions to battalion commander of the Changde Brigade. He marched against Jiangning and fought between Wuhu and Zhenjiang, earning the peacock feather for his service. In 1857 he served under Provincial Commander Deng Shaoliang in retaking Wanzhi and Huangchi, dependencies of Ningguo, and was promoted to guerrilla officer. He soon reinforced Zhejiang, defeated rebels at Jinhua and Chuzhou, and was appointed colonel. When rebels raided Wuyuan, Shidi, and Taiping, he drove them off in turn. For his part in retaking Jing County and capturing Nanling he was promoted to deputy brigade-general. In November 1858 the force at Wanzhi was routed and Deng Shaoliang was killed. Dafu withdrew to Nanling. In the fourth month of the following year rebels besieged Nanling by every means but could not take it. The siege was not lifted until March 1860. The emperor commended his service and appointed him brigade-general of the Southern Anhui garrison.

五月，偽侍王李世賢圍寧國，分黨攻金壇、南陵，時提督週天受守寧國，總兵蕭知音、參將周天孚等守金壇，大富仍守南陵。賊眾數十萬，官軍勢不敵，各血戰死守待援。七月，金壇陷，賊屠其城，天受知寧城不守，則盡出城中兵民數万令各逃生，自誓以身殉。寧民扶老攜幼走南陵，大富開門納之。八月，寧國陷，賊圍南陵益急，城中食且盡，大富以忠義激勵軍民，皆誓死弗去。夜遣壯士縋城出，乞援於水師，前後數輩為邏賊遮獲，最後乃得達。

In the fifth month the pseudo-Prince of Shi, Li Shixian, besieged Ningguo and sent detachments against Jintan and Nanling. Provincial Commander Zhou Tianshou held Ningguo, Brigade General Xiao Zhiyin and Colonel Zhou Tianfu held Jintan, and Dafu continued to hold Nanling. Rebel numbers ran into the hundreds of thousands. Government forces were heavily outmatched, yet each garrison fought on in blood and held out for relief. In the seventh month Jintan fell and the rebels massacred its people. Seeing that Ningguo could not be held, Zhou Tianshou sent the city's entire population—soldiers and civilians numbering in the tens of thousands—out to escape and swore to die in its defense. The people of Ningguo fled toward Nanling, old and young together. Dafu opened the gates and took them in. In the eighth month Ningguo fell. The siege of Nanling tightened, provisions ran low, and Dafu roused soldiers and civilians alike with appeals to loyalty and duty until all swore to hold the city or die in it. By night he sent brave men over the wall on ropes to beg relief from the fleet. Party after party was intercepted on the road, until at last one got through.

時提督楊岳斌統水師奮袂起，九月，揚帆進泊魯港，聲言攻蕪湖，密飭各營扼要隘。十月，水師驟登陸，出賊不意，悉燔港左右賊屯，圍賊爭馳奔魯港，囂且亂。大富乘城遙望見，拊髀曰：「援師至矣！」遂出城夾擊，賊披靡，追殺十餘裡，與援師會殲賊萬餘，撲水死者無算，圍立解。城中兵不食月餘，僅存皮骨，民餓殍相屬。岳斌船粟往哺，歡聲雷動。大富方繕城垣固守，岳斌力言形勢不便，乃帥師屯上游，市民從者十餘萬。大富前後守南陵，始被圍經年，繼六閱月，以蕞爾城抗巨寇，忍死待援，卒熸凶焰，由是以善守名於時。

Grand Coordinator Yang Yuebin, commanding the fleet, roused his forces. In the ninth month he sailed up and anchored at Lugang, announcing an assault on Wuhu while secretly ordering each camp to seize the key passes. In the tenth month the fleet made a sudden landing and caught the rebels by surprise. It burned every rebel camp on both sides of the harbor. The besiegers broke and raced for Lugang in a noisy, chaotic rout. Watching from the wall, Dafu saw them in the distance and slapped his thigh. "Relief has come!" he cried. He then led a sortie in concert with the relief force. The rebels collapsed. The pursuit ran more than ten li, and together they destroyed over ten thousand of the enemy; countless others drowned in the water, and the siege was lifted at once. The garrison had gone without food for more than a month and was reduced to skin and bone. Starvation deaths among the civilians followed one after another. Yuebin sent grain by ship to feed them, and cheers rolled through the city like thunder. Dafu was repairing the walls to hold the city, but Yuebin insisted the position was untenable and led the army upstream instead. More than a hundred thousand townspeople followed. Dafu had held Nanling through siege after siege—first for a full year, then for six months more. With this tiny city he had faced a vast enemy force, clinging to life until relief came and at last breaking their momentum. From that time he was famed as a master of defense.

十一年正月，會水師復建德。二月，李世賢率黨數万竄景德鎮，大富率兵四千自建德往援。賊銜恨，以計陷之。盡伏悍賊牛角嶺、柳家灣、迴龍嶺等處，率隊由鎮南雙鳳橋竄李村，誘官軍，佯敗遁。大富率眾前進，躍馬爭先，參將田應科等繼之，賊突從鎮東抄出，伏賊盡起，大富挺矛力禦，砲洞左乳，血淋漓，仍裹創鏖戰。賊從間道襲焚我營，應科及游擊蕭傳科、胡占鼇，都司胡鳳雝、熊定邦、吳定魁，千總羅廷材皆戰死。大富見營中火起，下馬北鄉叩首，曰：「臣力竭矣！」投李村河死。贈提督，諡威肅，建專祠南陵，應科等並附祀。

In the first month of the eleventh year the fleet took part in recovering Jiande. In the second month Li Shixian led tens of thousands of followers into Jingdezhen. Dafu marched four thousand men from Jiande to relieve the city. The rebels, nursing a grudge, trapped him by stratagem. They concealed their best fighters at Niujiao Ridge, Liujiawan, Huilong Ridge, and elsewhere, then led their columns south from town by Shuangfeng Bridge toward Licun, feigning defeat to draw the government troops on. Dafu led the advance at a gallop, with Colonel Tian Yingke and others close behind. Rebels suddenly swept out from the east of town, and every ambush party rose at once. Dafu fought on with his spear until a cannon ball tore through his left breast. Blood streamed down, yet he bound the wound and kept fighting. Rebels struck by a hidden route and burned the camp. Tian Yingke, Brigade Commander Xiao Chuanke, Hu Zhanao, Battalion Commanders Hu Fengyong, Xiong Dingbang, and Wu Dingkui, and Battalion Commander Luo Tingcai all fell in battle. Seeing the camp in flames, Dafu dismounted, turned north, and kowtowed. "I have done all I can," he said. Then he threw himself into the Licun River and died. The court posthumously granted him the rank of grand coordinator and the posthumous title Weisu, built him a dedicated shrine at Nanling, and enshrined Yingke and the others there as well.

陳萬勝，湘潭人。官軍規复江寧，圍攻將四年，用地雷法，穴城三十餘處，皆不就。同治三年六月，提督李臣典請從賊砲最密處重闕隧道，統帥曾國荃韙之。命各軍於城下築砲台，護地道，別遣軍士刈濕葦蒿M5積城下，覆以沙土，陽為肉薄登城狀。賊用全力扞爭，砲彈雨下。是月十五日，賊出死黨燒砲台，官軍血戰竟夕，十六日，地雷發，遂克偽都。萬勝與郭鵬程、王紹羲則於先一日死之。萬勝初隸吉字營，從大軍規江寧，皆為軍鋒，累功擢副將。地道既成，國荃入隧親勘之，悍賊出太平門，直犯地道。別從朝陽門出數百人燒各砲台及所積蘆蒿，萬勝督隊血戰，殲百餘人，力竭死之。賊裂屍，竿其首於城。

Chen Wansheng was a native of Xiangtan. The government campaign to recover Jiangning had already lasted nearly four years. More than thirty mining tunnels were dug beneath the walls, but none succeeded. In the sixth month of the third year of Tongzhi, Grand Coordinator Li Chengdian proposed reopening a tunnel at the point where rebel artillery was thickest. Commander Zeng Guoquan agreed. He ordered each unit to build batteries below the wall to shield the tunnel, while other troops cut wet reeds and wormwood, piled them at the base of the wall, and covered them with sand and earth to simulate a close assault up the ramparts. The rebels met the effort with all their strength, and cannonballs fell like rain. On the fifteenth the rebels sent their most fanatical followers to burn the batteries, and the government troops fought through the night. On the sixteenth the mine exploded, and the rebel capital fell. Wansheng, Guo Pengcheng, and Wang Shaoxi had already died the day before. Wansheng had first served in the Jizi Battalion. In the campaign against Jiangning he was always in the van of the army, and for repeated merit was promoted to deputy brigade-general. When the tunnel was finished, Guoquan entered it to inspect the work in person. Fierce rebels sallied from Taiping Gate and attacked the tunnel directly. Meanwhile several hundred rebels came out from Chaoyang Gate to burn the batteries and the piled reeds. Wansheng led his men in bloody fighting, killed more than a hundred of the enemy, and died when his strength gave out. The rebels dismembered his body and raised his head on a pole atop the wall.

鵬程，湘鄉人。先後隸羅澤南、李續賓營，累以克九江、援寶慶諸役擢副將；又以皖北肅清，以總兵記名簡放。紹羲，同邑人。少入湘軍，累功亦以總兵記名簡放。是役也，賊以砲火轟擊，密如飛蝗，皆奮前督攻，同時歿於陣。城复，以三人死綏事上聞，有詔惋惜，各賞三等輕車都尉世職，諡萬勝武烈，鵬程勇烈，紹羲剛毅。

Guo Pengcheng was a native of Xiangxiang. He had served in turn under Luo Zinan and Li Xubin, and for repeated merit in the capture of Jiujiang and the relief of Baoqing was promoted to deputy brigade-general; and for further service in clearing northern Anhui was placed on the roster for appointment as brigade-general. Wang Shaoxi was from the same district. He entered the Hunan Army while still young, and for accumulated merit was likewise placed on the roster for appointment as brigade-general. In that battle cannon fire fell on them thick as locusts, yet all three pressed forward to lead the assault and fell together in the ranks. After the city was recovered, their deaths in faithful service were reported to the throne. An edict expressed the court's grief, and each was granted a third-class hereditary Che Duwei enfeoffment. Wansheng received the posthumous title Wulie, Pengcheng Yonglie, and Shaoxi Gangyi.

王之敬，浙江奉化人。道光二十九年，由水勇散目隨捕江蘇洋盜出力，拔補水師千總。咸豐三年，粵匪陷江寧，之敬管帶艇師，接戰甚勇，升守備。五年四月，由浦口會各營連䑸勦賊，毀賊船獲勝，擢游擊。尋升太湖協副將。十年，遷江南福山鎮總兵。適值蘇、常淪陷，太湖三面皆賊，之敬孤軍設守，屢挫賊鋒，東西兩山，賴以安堵。十一年正月，賊忽率眾圍撲東山，之敬迎戰失利，東山遂陷，之敬失所在。嗣之敬之子祖培尋父屍至教場之西，見所畜犬臥土堆上，向之哀號，知有異，掘之得之敬屍，卷以席，傷痕遍體，而面目如生。詢居民，系於賊船退後撈獲掩埋者，不知其為總兵也。之敬性忠勇，號能戰，至此以寡不敵眾被害，人爭惜之。贈提督銜，諡果愍，建祠於太湖東西兩山。

Wang Zhijing was a native of Fenghua, Zhejiang. In the twenty-ninth year of Daoguang, as a private in the water militia he took part in suppressing Jiangsu pirates and distinguished himself. He was selected and appointed battalion commander in the naval force. In the third year of Xianfeng, when the Cantonese rebels took Jiangning, Zhijing commanded the boat squadrons, fought with great courage, and was promoted to garrison commander. In the fourth month of the fifth year he joined other camps at Pukou in a chained-boat operation against the rebels, destroyed enemy vessels, and won promotion to brigade commander. He was soon promoted to vice commander of the Taihu garrison. In the tenth year he was transferred to brigade-general of the Fushan garrison in Jiangnan. Suzhou and Changzhou had just fallen, and Taihu was surrounded by rebels on three sides. Zhijing held his isolated force on the defensive, repeatedly blunted the rebel advance, and kept the Eastern and Western Hills secure. In the first month of the eleventh year rebels suddenly led a large force against the Eastern Hill. Zhijing met them in battle but was defeated. The Eastern Hill fell, and Zhijing disappeared. Later Zhijing's son Zufei searched for his father's body west of the drill ground. The family dog lay on a mound of earth, howling at it in grief. Sensing something wrong, Zufei dug there and found Zhijing's corpse wrapped in a mat. Wounds covered the body, yet the face looked as if he were still alive. Questioning local residents, he learned that after the rebel boats withdrew someone had pulled the body from the water and buried it, never knowing he was a brigade-general. Zhijing was loyal and brave by nature and famed as a fighter. Here, overwhelmed by numbers, he was killed, and men everywhere mourned him. He was posthumously granted the rank of grand coordinator, given the posthumous title Guomin, and enshrined on the Eastern and Western Hills of Taihu.

陳忠德，字仁山，湖南清泉人。操舟為業。咸豐二年，粵賊圍長沙，掠舟北渡，遂陷賊中。忠德驍勇有智略，偽盡力於賊，久之，大見信任。十一年，道員曾國荃圍安慶，忠德自拔來歸，由是官軍始盡得賊中虛實。五月，從攻菱湖兩岸賊壘平之，從克安慶及平江岸各城隘，擢千總。

Chen Zhongde, styled Renshan, was a native of Qingquan, Hunan. He made his living as a boatman. In the second year of Xianfeng, when Cantonese rebels besieged Changsha, they seized boats to cross northward, and he was swept up among them. Zhongde was fierce, brave, and shrewd. He pretended to serve the rebels wholeheartedly and in time won their full trust. In the eleventh year, when Circuit Intendant Zeng Guoquan besieged Anqing, Zhongde escaped and returned to the government side. From that point the government army first learned the rebels' true condition in full. In the fifth month he took part in storming and leveling the rebel fortresses on both banks of Linghu, helped capture Anqing and the cities and passes along the Pingjiang shore, and was promoted to battalion commander.

李鴻章援上海，選將得程學啟、郭松林于曾軍，忠德亦屬焉。從學啟破柘林、南匯、川沙、金山、青浦各城隘，擊退虹橋大股賊眾。會克嘉定，並解北新涇、四江口之圍。二年四月，崑山、新陽既复，從規蘇州。六月，攻破花涇港、同里鎮，蘇州賊水陸萬餘來援，忠德力戰，負重創，卒敗之，遂收吳江、震澤。

When Li Hongzhang went to relieve Shanghai, he chose Cheng Xueqi and Guo Songlin from Zeng's army, and Zhongde was assigned to them as well. He followed Xueqi in capturing Zhelin, Nanhui, Chuansha, Jinshan, Qingpu, and other cities and passes, and repelled a large rebel force at Hongqiao. They then captured Jiading and also lifted the sieges of Beixinjing and Sijiangkou. In the fourth month of the second year, after Kunshan and Xinyang were recovered, he joined the campaign against Suzhou. In the sixth month they stormed Huajinggang and Tongli. More than ten thousand Suzhou rebels came by land and water to relieve them. Zhongde fought hard, was gravely wounded, and at last routed them, after which Wujiang and Zhenze were recovered.

學啟軍益進，逼婁門外石壘，十月十九日，偽忠王李秀成、偽慕王譚紹光率萬人出婁門拒戰，學啟令忠德等擊敗之。李、潭二逆走入城，石壘遂下。賊計窮，其黨郜雲官等殺譚逆以城降，蘇州复，賞勇號。累以功擢副將，加總兵銜。後以克嘉興擢總兵，隨攻湖州，中砲歿於陣，照提督例賜卹。

As Xueqi's army pressed forward toward the stone fortress outside Loud Gate, the rebel Loyal King Li Xiucheng and rebel Mu King Tan Shaoguang led ten thousand men out through Loud Gate on the nineteenth day of the tenth month. Xueqi ordered Zhongde and others to defeat them. Li and Tan fled into the city, and the stone fortress fell. With their options exhausted, rebels such as Gao Yunguan killed Tan and surrendered the city. Suzhou was recovered, and Zhongde was rewarded with an honorific martial title. For repeated merit he was promoted to deputy brigade-general and given brigade-general rank. Later, for capturing Jiaxing, he was promoted to brigade-general. During the assault on Huzhou he was struck by cannon fire and died in battle. Posthumous honors were granted according to the precedent for a grand coordinator.

复吳之役，死於戰者：攻青浦，為都司劉玉林、守備熊得春；攻太倉，為參將王國安；攻長洲、望亭，為把總沈玉德；攻無錫，為游擊汪龍淦。皆奮身陷陣，優恤，給世職。

In the campaign to recover Wu, those who died in battle included, at Qingpu, Battalion Commander Liu Yulin and Garrison Commander Xiong Dechun; at Taicang, Colonel Wang Guoan; at Changzhou and Wangting, Platoon Commander Shen Yude; and at Wuxi, Brigade Commander Wang Longgan. All had charged into the thick of battle. They received exceptional posthumous honors and hereditary offices.

黃金友，字益亭，湖南人。初從軍廣西，轉戰湖北、江西、安徽，積功至副將，賜勇號。金友躬犯矢石，創遍體。咸豐十年，江蘇巡撫薛煥奏調駐金山衛。十一年，賊犯浙江平湖，陷乍浦，東略姚廊，窺金山，金友迎戰大破之，遂平新倉賊壘，晉總兵。平湖知縣汪元祥乞師規复，金友壯之，檄金山、華亭、奉賢各營同赴援，躬督師進駐平湖之廣陳。元祥率民兵迎勞，請為鄉導，賊連營三十里，一鼓破之。賊會嘉興援賊分道來襲，金友迎禦於十字街，賊大集，相持久，金友右肋被槍，猶誓死力戰，士皆奮呼，無不一當百。賊始卻，而金友創發不能騎，舁至明珠菴，卒。贈提督，卹如例。

Huang Jinyou, styled Yiting, was a native of Hunan. He first entered service in Guangxi, then fought through Hubei, Jiangxi, and Anhui. For accumulated merit he rose to deputy brigade-general and was granted an honorific martial title. Jinyou had repeatedly braved arrows and stones, and wounds covered his body. In the tenth year of Xianfeng, Jiangsu Governor Xue Huan requested his transfer to garrison Jinshanwei. In the eleventh year rebels invaded Pinghu in Zhejiang, took Zhapu, pushed east toward Yaolang, and threatened Jinshan. Jinyou met them in battle and won a great victory, then cleared the rebel stronghold at Xincang and was promoted to brigade-general. Pinghu magistrate Wang Yuanxiang begged for troops to recover the county. Jinyou took heart from the request, ordered the camps at Jinshan, Huating, and Fengxian to join the relief, and personally led the army to encamp at Guangchen in Pinghu. Yuanxiang led militia out to welcome the troops and offered to guide them. The rebel camps stretched thirty li, and Jinyou broke them in a single assault. Rebels joined with relief forces from Jiaxing and attacked by separate routes. Jinyou met them at Shizi Street. The rebels massed heavily, and the fight dragged on. Jinyou was shot in the right ribs, yet still swore to fight to the death. His men shouted in fury, and each fought as though he were worth a hundred. The rebels at last fell back, but Jinyou's wound reopened and he could no longer ride. He was carried to Mingzhu Hermitage, where he died. He was posthumously granted the rank of grand coordinator, with posthumous honors according to regulation.

麟瑞，字靄人，滿洲瓜爾佳氏，乍浦駐防。父觀成官南川知縣，有德政，蜀人為立生祠，稱小關廟，以關、瓜音通也。麟瑞以筆帖式歷印務章京。咸豐十一年，賊犯乍城，從副都統錫齡阿出督戰，偕弟鳳瑞、雲瑞手燃巨砲縱擊，賊驚卻，拔出難民無算。城陷，麟瑞率眾巷戰，力刃數賊，賊環攻，被槍，歿於陣。贈副都統，予世職，祀昭忠祠，諡忠節。雲瑞陷賊不屈死。

Lin Rui, styled Airen, of the Gūwalgiya clan of the Manchus, was garrisoned at Zhapu. His father Guancheng had served as magistrate of Nanchuan with a reputation for good governance. The people of Shu built him a living shrine called the Little Guan Temple, playing on the homophony between Guan and Gua. Lin Rui rose from clerk in the seal office to seal-office secretary. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, when rebels attacked Zhapu, he followed Vice Commander-in-Chief Xiling'a out to direct the fighting. With his younger brothers Fengrui and Yunrui he fired the great guns by hand. The rebels fell back in alarm, and countless refugees were brought out to safety. When the city fell, Lin Rui led the defenders in street fighting and killed several rebels with his blade. Surrounded and pressed from all sides, he was shot and died in battle. He was posthumously granted the rank of vice commander-in-chief, given a hereditary office, enshrined in the Shrine of Manifest Loyalty, and awarded the posthumous title Zhongjie. Yunrui was captured by the rebels, refused to submit, and died.

鳳瑞出從李鴻章軍，轉戰江、浙，攻和州、含山，以百騎計破賊萬餘，鴻章嘗稱為非常人。克太倉等處皆有功，贈將軍。麟瑞督戰時，本為副都統，護印至死不釋。後其子柏梁官乍浦副都統，蒞任拜印，啟視，斑斑猶見血痕雲。柏樑自有傳。

Fengrui joined Li Hongzhang's army and fought through Jiangsu and Zhejiang. At Hezhou and Hanshan, with a hundred cavalry and a stratagem he routed more than ten thousand rebels. Li Hongzhang once called him a man of rare ability. He distinguished himself in the capture of Taicang and other places and was posthumously granted the rank of general. When Lin Rui directed the fighting, he was already vice commander-in-chief. He guarded the official seal and never let it go, even unto death. Later his son Bailiang served as vice commander-in-chief at Zhapu. When he arrived to take office and received the seal, he opened it and could still see bloodstains upon it. Bailiang has his own biography.

蔡東祥，湖南湘陰人。充湖北水師水勇。咸豐四年，粵匪再陷武昌，與漢陽為犄角。東祥隨攻武漢兩岸賊，多有斬獲。隨攻鮎魚套，焚賊船，通糧道。湖北提督楊載福追賊田家鎮，賊聯木簰，置砲石，於半壁山拒敵。東祥奉令以火具鎔鐵鎖斷之，水師驟下，燔賊艘無算，遂拔田家鎮。於湖口、望江、九江、東流、建德、樅陽、蕪湖、銅陵諸戰皆有功，累擢至副將。

Cai Dongxiang was a native of Xiangyin, Hunan. He served in the Hubei naval force as a water militiaman. In the fourth year of Xianfeng, when the Cantonese rebels again took Wuchang, it and Hanyang stood in mutual support like paired horns. Dongxiang took part in the assault on rebels on both banks of the Wuhan stretch and won many kills and captures. He then joined the attack on Nianyutao, burned rebel boats, and reopened the grain route. Hubei Grand Coordinator Yang Zaifu pursued the rebels to Tianjiazhen. The rebels linked wooden rafts, mounted cannon and stones on them, and made their stand at Banbishan. Dongxiang was ordered to use fire to melt through the iron chains. The fleet swept down at once, burned countless rebel vessels, and took Tianjiazhen. He distinguished himself in battles at Hukou, Wangjiang, Jiujiang, Dongliu, Jiande, Zongyang, Wuhu, Tongling, and elsewhere, and was repeatedly promoted until he reached deputy brigade-general.

同治初，布政使曾國荃親率十二營與道員劉連捷分道擊江岸分踞賊，東祥分攻桐城，克雍家鎮。又會攻巢縣、含山、和州與裕溪口、江心洲、梁山各隘，复太平、蕪湖二縣。陸軍進逼金柱關，兵部侍郎彭玉麟率東祥等分水師為三隊，連環轟擊，躍上堤埂，短兵擊刺，積骸滿渠。關破，並劃三汊河、上駟渡賊壘，江岸肅清。先後賞雄勇巴圖魯等勇號，加總兵銜。

In the early Tongzhi period, Provincial Administration Commissioner Zeng Guoquan personally led twelve battalions. With Circuit Intendant Liu Lianjie dividing the forces, they struck rebels holding separate positions along the riverbank. Dongxiang separately attacked Tongcheng and captured Yongjia Town. They again jointly attacked Chaosxian, Hanshan, Hezhou, and the passes at Yuxikou, Jiangxinzhou, and Liangshan, and recovered Taiping and Wuhu. The land army pressed toward Jinzhu Pass. Vice Minister of War Peng Yulin led Dongxiang and others, dividing the fleet into three squadrons. They kept up a rolling bombardment, leaped onto the embankment, and fought hand to hand until corpses filled the ditches. When the pass fell, they also cleared rebel fortifications at Sanchahe and Shangsidu, and the riverbank was fully secured. He was successively awarded brave titles including Xiongyong Baturu and promoted to brigade-general.

東祥勇決有謀，七年湖口之戰，大風，舟入口為賊所抄，不得出。所領長龍艦一，偃旗與賊艦混，須臾風止，急槳貫賊陣出，賊覺，追之不及。是役失長龍艦五、舢板十三，將弁死者二十一人，而東祥舟獨完。十一年安慶之戰，水師屢挫，賊易視之，見輒爭擊。東祥請易戰艦白旗為紅旗，賊疑為援兵，駭愕間，急率所部乘之，賊以敗，軍威復振。

Dongxiang was bold, resolute, and shrewd. At the battle of Hukou in the seventh year, a fierce wind arose. Boats that entered the river mouth were cut off by rebels and could not escape. The lone long-dragon ship under his command lowered its banners and mingled with rebel vessels. When the wind suddenly dropped, he rowed hard and drove straight through the rebel line. The rebels noticed too late and could not overtake him. In that battle five long-dragon ships and thirteen sampans were lost, and twenty-one officers died, yet Dongxiang's ship alone came through unscathed. At the battle of Anqing in the eleventh year, the fleet had suffered repeated defeats, and the rebels had learned to despise it, rushing to attack at every sighting. Dongxiang had the warships swap their white banners for red. The rebels, mistaking them for fresh reinforcements, were thrown into confusion. He swiftly led his men to exploit the moment, routed the enemy, and restored the army's prestige.

旋調江蘇勦賊，偕副將歐陽利見，率淮陽水師，巡防三江口，戰嘉善。奮勇駛進西塘，援賊猝至，兩岸夾攻，被槍子傷，落水死。東祥轉戰克敵，素稱勇敢，照總兵例議卹，贈提督銜，給世職。

He was soon transferred to Jiangsu to suppress rebels. With Deputy Brigadier-General Ouyang Lijian he led the Huaiyang fleet to patrol Sanjiangkou and fought at Jiashan. He drove boldly into Xitang, but rebel reinforcements arrived without warning and attacked from both banks. Struck by a musket ball, he fell into the water and drowned. Dongxiang had fought across many campaigns and was long famed for courage. Posthumous honors were granted according to the brigade-general precedent: he was given the posthumous rank of regional commander and a hereditary office.

鄒上元，字蘭亭，湖南湘鄉人。咸豐初，投羅澤南營，澤南自江西援湖北，取道崇陽、通城，進攻佛嶺賊卡。上元隨隊由佛嶺北攀岩先進，與諸軍夾擊，破之。賊自崇陽三路來攻，上元從破右路，克崇陽、咸寧諸役均有功，擢千總。五年，賊犯湖南，巡撫駱秉章檄蕭啟江募勇助剿，號湘果營，上元隸焉。從援江西，克萬載，复袁州，果擢都司。秉章督蜀，檄黃純熙率果毅營從，上元方假歸，純熙招偕行，充營官。賊酋何國樑、彭紹福率黨攻定遠急，定遠東北瀕江，賊屯東南，造浮橋江上遏外援。上元從純熙疾赴，師至興學場，賊分黨逆戰。上元從右路襲擊，賊大奔，乘勝追至祖師殿，毀沿途二十餘壘，蹙賊江乾，何國樑鳧水遁，上元追斬之。

Zou Shangyuan, styled Lanting, was a native of Xiangxiang in Hunan. In the early Xianfeng era he entered Luo Zinan's camp. Zinan marched from Jiangxi to relieve Hubei, passing through Chongyang and Tongcheng to attack the rebel stockade at Foling. Shangyuan followed the column, scaled the cliffs north of Foling ahead of the others, and with the rest of the army struck from both sides until the position fell. When rebels attacked from Chongyang in three columns, Shangyuan helped break the right flank. He distinguished himself in the captures of Chongyang, Xianning, and other engagements, and was promoted to company commander. In the fifth year, when rebels invaded Hunan, Governor Luo Bingzhang ordered Xiao Qijiang to raise militia for the campaign. The unit was called the Xiangguo Camp, and Shangyuan served in it. He joined the relief of Jiangxi, captured Wanzai, recovered Yuanzhou, and was promoted to battalion commander. When Bingzhang went to supervise Sichuan, he ordered Huang Chunxi to lead the Guoyi Camp after him. Shangyuan was then at home on leave; Chunxi recruited him to come along, and he served as camp officer. Rebel chiefs He Guoliang and Peng Shaofu led their followers in a fierce assault on Dingyuan. The city stood in the northeast by the river, while the rebels encamped to the southeast and built a pontoon bridge across the water to cut off outside relief. Shangyuan hurried there with Chunxi. When the army reached Xingxuechang, the rebels split their force and met them in battle. Shangyuan struck from the right flank and the rebels broke and ran. Pursuing the victory to Zushidian, they destroyed more than twenty fortifications along the way and cornered the enemy at the riverbank. He Guoliang swam away, but Shangyuan overtook him and cut off his head.

彭紹福聞敗，糾黨來援，踞燕子窩、二郎場等處。二郎場者絕地也，四山壁立，鳥道一線，西北阻涪江，純熙恐失寇，不待軍集，率千人追之。上元慮有伏，進至距二郎場二十里，遣諜偵之，不見賊，土人皆言賊去遠。夜半，至燕子窩，突遇賊騎，進逼之，賊繞山竄入場，純熙知中伏，分道搜之，伏盡發。官軍偪處泥淖間，不能成列，上元馳救，突圍入，手刃數賊，賊環刺之，死，純熙亦歿。定遠之捷，上元擢參將。死事聞，命視副將例，賞世職，附祀純熙祠。

When Peng Shaofu heard of the defeat, he rallied his followers and seized Yanzowo, Erlangchang, and other positions. Erlangchang was a trap of a place—cliffs on every side, a single narrow track, and the Fuling River blocking the northwest. Chunxi, fearing the rebels would slip away, did not wait for the full army to assemble and led a thousand men in pursuit. Shangyuan feared an ambush. When they were still twenty li from Erlangchang, he sent scouts ahead but found no rebels; the locals all said the enemy had fled far off. At midnight they reached Yanzowo and suddenly ran into rebel cavalry. As they pressed the attack, the rebels slipped around the mountain into the field. Chunxi realized they had walked into an ambush and split his force to search the ground—and every hidden unit sprang up at once. Government troops were trapped in mud and could not hold formation. Shangyuan galloped to their aid, broke through the encirclement, and killed several rebels with his own hand. The rebels closed around him and stabbed him to death. Chunxi also fell. For the victory at Dingyuan, Shangyuan was promoted to colonel. When word of his death in battle reached the court, he was honored according to the deputy brigadier-general precedent, granted a hereditary office, and given a place in Chunxi's memorial hall.

郝上庠，直隸沙河人。由武進士授侍衛。道光二十六年，出為山東曹州鎮標守備，累遷至武定游擊。咸豐四年，韓莊盜起，山東巡撫張亮基慮徐州道梗，知上庠饒將略，薦署兗州鎮總兵。賊帥硃廣田寇郯、蘭、沂、莒諸屬，上庠率所部會鄉兵擊走之。賊南竄贛榆，上庠追及，殲其眾，斬廣田於陣，擢參將。五年，山東金鄉賊陶三相為亂，上庠疾馳誅其渠，餘眾驚潰，事得解。時海上多盜，連舟窺諸口，將北犯天津洋。山東巡撫崇恩疏請以上庠攝登州鎮總兵，專司防務。往來策應，先後擒斬賊首李希夢等，以功敘沂州協副將。

Hao Shangxiang was a native of Shahe in Zhili. After passing the military palace examination, he was appointed an imperial bodyguard. In the twenty-sixth year of Daoguang he left the capital to serve as garrison commandant of the Caozhou garrison in Shandong, and rose in succession to battalion commander of Wuding. In the fourth year of Xianfeng, bandits rose at Hanzhuang. Shandong Governor Zhang Liangji feared the road to Xuzhou would be cut, and knowing Shangxiang's skill in command, recommended him to serve as acting brigade-general of the Yanzhou garrison. Rebel chief Zhu Guangtian raided Tan, Lan, Yi, Ju, and neighboring districts. Shangxiang led his troops with local militia and drove them off. The rebels fled south to Ganyu. Shangxiang caught up with them, wiped out their force, and killed Guangtian in battle. He was promoted to colonel. In the fifth year, Tao San and his band rose in rebellion at Jinxiang in Shandong. Shangxiang rushed there, executed their leader, and the rest fled in panic. The crisis was ended. At the time pirates swarmed the coast. They linked their boats and prowled the harbors, preparing to raid north toward the waters off Tianjin. Shandong Governor Chong'en memorialized the throne to appoint Shangxiang acting brigade-general of the Dengzhou garrison with sole charge of coastal defense. Moving back and forth in support of other commands, he captured and beheaded pirate leaders including Li Ximeng. For his service he was promoted to deputy brigade-general of the Yizhou garrison.

上庠每戰，輒身先士卒，不避艱險，以勇武受上知。賊平，手詔褒美，命以總兵記名。十年，署曹州鎮總兵，以疏防捻寇入境，奪記名，留鎮如故。十一年，官軍取濮州，河北肅清。上庠以屢勝功复官，賜提督銜。九月，賊潛渡濮、範，上庠不能禦，與賊遇陽穀，又戰不利，為山東巡撫譚廷襄所劾，落職。

In every battle Shangxiang led from the front and never shrank from danger. His courage and martial skill won him the court's favor. When the rebels were pacified, the emperor issued a personal edict praising him and ordered his name registered for promotion to brigade-general. In the tenth year he served as acting brigade-general of the Caozhou garrison. Because lax defense had allowed Nian bandits to cross the border, his registered promotion was revoked, though he remained at his post. In the eleventh year government troops captured Puzhou and the Hebei region was fully pacified. For a string of victories Shangxiang had his office restored and was granted the rank of regional commander. In the ninth month rebels secretly crossed the border at Pu and Fan. Shangxiang failed to stop them, met the enemy at Yanggu, and was defeated again. Shandong Governor Tan Tingxiang impeached him, and he was dismissed from office.

十月，克張秋鎮，移兵會營總烏爾棍扎布、游擊緒倫攻堂邑賊，戰於丁家廟，敗之。賊益眾來援，上庠奮擊不退，馬蹶墮地，拔刀殺賊數十人，力竭，戰死。命優恤，諡勤勇。聊城士民念上庠捍賊功，請立祠東昌，從之。

In the tenth month he captured Zhangqiu Town, then moved his troops to join Banner Commander Wuerken Zhabu and Battalion Commander Xulun in an attack on rebels at Tangyi. They fought at Dingjiamiao and routed the enemy. Rebel reinforcements arrived in greater numbers. Shangxiang fought on without yielding until his horse stumbled and threw him. He drew his sword and killed dozens of rebels before his strength gave out and he fell in battle. The court ordered exceptional posthumous honors and granted him the posthumous title Qinyong, Diligent and Brave. The gentry and people of Liaocheng, remembering his service in holding off the rebels, petitioned for a memorial hall at Dongchang, and the request was granted.

張遇祥，字瑞麟，直隸新樂人。年十五，能開兩石弓。道光十五年，成武進士，授乾清門侍衛。二十一年，選浙江衢州城守營都司，公廉能得士卒心。咸豐二年，在壽張游擊任，匪林鳳祥、李開芳率粵匪圍懷慶，山東巡撫李僡檄遇祥從征當一路，為士卒先，所向披靡。經略勝保嘉其勇，益感奮。嘗夤夜渡河戰，自寅至申，始奉令而返。

Zhang Yuxiang, styled Ruilin, was a native of Xinle in Zhili. At fifteen he could draw a two-stone bow. In the fifteenth year of Daoguang he passed the military palace examination and was appointed a bodyguard of the Qianqing Gate. In the twenty-first year he was appointed battalion commander of the Quzhou garrison in Zhejiang. Upright and fair, he won the loyalty of his men. In the second year of Xianfeng, while serving as battalion commander of Shouzhang, Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang led Cantonese rebels to besiege Huaiqing. Shandong Governor Li Han ordered Yuxiang to join the campaign on one route. He always went ahead of his men and swept all before him. Grand Secretary Sheng Bao praised his courage, and he fought with renewed fervor. Once he crossed the river to fight through the night, from dawn until late afternoon, before he received orders to withdraw.

三年秋，曹縣捻匪亂起，攜親兵百人入城，捻首陳九千歲、張四大王擁眾擾城市，無敢攖者。遇祥密令伏兵於外，變服入賊巢，詐言他事，賊優禮之。夜分，酒酣，遇祥驟起蹴賊，首腦迸裂死，賊群起，且戰且走，出巢伏起，賊皆駭散。又偵知張四大王所在，託病不出，密令親信軍士夜馳百餘裡入賊室擒之。粵匪攻臨清，率部卒二百人，夜砍賊營而入，殺無算。所部五十餘人被圍，复匹馬盪決者三，攜之出，無一失者。右腿受矛傷，裹傷屢戰，賊不敢當。創劇不能起，巡撫親驗之，諭令歸養，新撫崇恩疑規避，奏參褫職，令解赴山東。既到標，崇恩始知其誣，慰勞備至。時金鄉、魚台、嘉祥、費縣、鉅野、鄆城、城武七縣被捻匪所陷，遇祥招舊部六百人，自為一隊，复七城，餘孽悉平。復原官，以創發回籍調養。

In the autumn of the third year, Nian bandits rose in revolt at Caoxian. He entered the city with a hundred personal troops while Nian leaders Chen Jiuqiansui and Zhang Sidawang led mobs to terrorize the town, and no one dared stand against them. Yuxiang secretly posted ambush troops outside, changed clothes, and entered the rebel stronghold on a pretext. The rebels received him courteously. Deep in the night, when the wine was flowing freely, Yuxiang suddenly rose and kicked a rebel leader, shattering his skull. The bandits surged up; fighting as they fled, they ran into the ambush outside and scattered in terror. He also learned where Zhang Sidawang was hiding. Feigning illness and staying indoors, he secretly ordered trusted soldiers to ride through the night more than a hundred li and seize the rebel leader in his own quarters. When Cantonese rebels attacked Linqing, he led two hundred of his men, cut their way into the rebel camp by night, and slaughtered the enemy without number. When more than fifty of his men were surrounded, he three times charged through alone on horseback and brought them all out without losing a single man. His right leg was pierced by a spear. He bound the wound and kept fighting; the rebels dared not stand against him. His wounds were so severe that he could not rise. The governor personally examined him and ordered him home to recover. The new governor Chong'en suspected he was shirking duty, memorialized against him, stripped him of office, and ordered him escorted to Shandong. When he reached headquarters, Chong'en learned he had been wrongly accused and treated him with every mark of honor and comfort. At that time seven counties—Jinxiang, Yutai, Jiaxiang, Feixian, Juye, Yuncheng, and Chengwo—had fallen to Nian bandits. Yuxiang raised six hundred of his old troops, formed an independent detachment, recovered all seven cities, and wiped out the remaining rebels. His original office was restored, but when his old wounds reopened he returned to his native place to recover.

十一年，山東教匪糾回、捻北犯直隸，勝保久無功，乃肅書聘遇祥，且令募勇自隨。書至，即招募鄉中子弟五百人，星馳而往，一戰敗之。勝保南移館陶，進次尖莊，賊麕集尖莊南，遇祥复馳救，賊奔。民爭奉糗餌漿粥，軍得一飽，督隊回尖莊。勝保又退守館陶，遇祥趨謁之。賊又欲渡河，勝保令往堵河口，遇祥曰：「士卒昨日一飯後，枵腹至今，烏能戰耶？」勝保曰：「汝速往！吾即遣人執釜甑從汝也。」遂率隊趨大河，士卒覓食不得，賊已先渡，遇祥匹馬陷賊陣，戰至日暮，下馬而搏。天明，回顧所部餘數十人，急揮之去，曰：「同死無益。吾身經數百戰，未曾一挫，今勢至此，不斬賊渠，不生還也！」縱馬示不返，士卒益感奮，誓同死，遇祥左右射，當者皆殪。賊以長戟鉤斷其弦，乃舍弓提刀戰，至下堡寺，日近山，從者餘六人，忽見大纛下賊渠至，將聳身刃之，時已戰兩晝夜，飢甚，舊傷皆發，復中矛數十處，力既竭，遂歿於陣，時咸豐十一年十一月七日。館陶、臨清諸村堡，爭建祠以祀。

In the eleventh year, Shandong sect rebels joined with Hui and Nian forces and invaded Zhili from the north. Sheng Bao, long without success, wrote a formal letter inviting Yuxiang and ordered him to raise militia to accompany him. The moment the letter arrived, he recruited five hundred local youths, marched at forced pace, and routed the enemy in the first engagement. Sheng Bao moved south to Guantao and advanced to Jianzhuang. Rebels massed south of the town. Yuxiang again rushed to the rescue and drove them off. The people vied to bring rations, porridge, and gruel. The army ate its fill, and he led his column back to Jianzhuang. Sheng Bao again fell back to defend Guantao, and Yuxiang hurried to report to him. The rebels again tried to cross the river. Sheng Bao ordered him to block the river mouth. Yuxiang said, "Since one meal yesterday the men have gone hungry until now. How can they fight?" Sheng Bao said, "Go at once! I will send men with cooking pots and steamers right after you." So he led his column toward the great river. His men could find nothing to eat. The rebels had already crossed first. Yuxiang alone on horseback plunged into the enemy line and fought until dusk, then dismounted to grapple hand to hand. At daybreak he looked back and saw only a few dozen men still with him. He urgently waved them away and said, "Dying together serves no purpose. I have fought hundreds of battles and never once been beaten. Now that things have come to this, unless I cut down the rebel chief, I will not return alive!" He spurred his horse to show he would not turn back. His men were all the more stirred and swore to die with him. Yuxiang shot left and right, and every man who faced him fell. Rebels hooked his bowstring with long halberds and snapped it. He cast aside the bow, drew his saber, and fought on to Xiabao Temple. As the sun sank toward the mountains, only six men still followed him. Suddenly he saw the rebel chief arrive beneath a great banner and was about to spring forward and cut him down. By then he had fought for two days and two nights without rest, was starving, and every old wound had reopened. He was pierced by spears dozens of times more, and when his strength was spent he fell on the field. It was the seventh day of the eleventh month in the eleventh year of Xianfeng. Villages and forts around Guantao and Linqing all vied to erect memorial halls in his honor.

兄遇清，字芳辰。武舉人。官廣東，洊擢至督標參將，檄援廣西平南縣，提刀巷戰，賊槍刺其腹，腸出，益奮。賊折其刀，手執木棍抵拒，賊攢擊，死之。平南士民亦立祠以祀。

His elder brother Yuqing, styled Fangchen. He had passed the military provincial examination. He served in Guangdong and rose repeatedly to colonel under the governor-general's banner. Ordered to reinforce Pingnan County in Guangxi, he fought through the alleys with saber drawn. A rebel shot him in the belly; his intestines spilled out, and he fought all the harder. The rebels broke his saber. He seized a wooden club and fought on until they closed in and killed him. The gentry and people of Pingnan also erected a memorial hall in his honor.

曹仁美，字擇庵，湘潭人。初隸曾國荃軍，援江西，戰吉安天華山，克之。复景德鎮、浮梁，與有功。咸豐十年，賊據黟縣、建德，勢張甚，時仁美改隸曾國籓麾下，官軍屢戰不利，堅壘與持。仁美曰：「兩軍相持日久，當乘其懈而擊之，否則援至難圖也。」會夜大霧，仁美率所部摩其壘，更籌寂然，乃梯而入，手刃司柝者，縱火焚之。眾軍為承，斬數千級，賊大潰，遂克之，獲器械無數。遷都司，賜號勵勇巴圖魯。十一年，國荃攻安慶，久不下，國籓遣仁美往助，偽英王陳玉成合江、淮賊來援，國荃督戰，中流矢，仁美負之登高，揮諸軍奮擊，城遂下。以次從克大江兩岸城隘。同治元年，從圍金陵，仁美屯雨花台西，國荃以城賊糧將匱，為坐困計，令諸軍毋與戰，凡四十有六日。仁美恚曰：「當賊不擊，將何待？」乃以其軍出毀石壘，賊頗死。國荃以其勇，薄責之，遂引疾歸。

Cao Renmei, styled Ze'an, was a native of Xiangtan. At first he served under Zeng Guoquan, joined the relief of Jiangxi, fought at Tianhuashan in Ji'an, and captured the position. He helped recover Jingdezhen and Fuliang and shared in the credit. In the tenth year of Xianfeng rebels held Yixian and Jiande and their strength grew formidable. By then Renmei had transferred to Zeng Guofan's command. Government troops fought repeatedly without success and settled into a stalemate behind fortified camps. Renmei said, "The two armies have been locked in stalemate for too long. We should strike while they slacken; otherwise, once reinforcements arrive we will never overcome them." That night a heavy fog descended. Renmei led his men up to the enemy fortifications. The watch drums were silent. He climbed in by ladder, killed the watchman with his own hand, and set the camp ablaze. The rest of the army followed up, beheaded several thousand rebels, and routed the enemy completely. The position fell, and they captured weapons beyond count. He was promoted to battalion commander and granted the title Liyong Baturu. In the eleventh year Guoquan besieged Anqing but could not take it for a long time. Guofan sent Renmei to assist. The False Prince Chen Yucheng united Jianghuai rebels to relieve the city. Guoquan directed the battle and was struck by an arrow. Renmei carried him to higher ground, rallied the armies to strike hard, and the city fell. In turn he took part in capturing fortifications and cities on both banks of the Yangtze. In the first year of Tongzhi he joined the siege of Jinling. Renmei encamped west of Yuhuatai. Guoquan reckoned the rebels in the city would soon run short of grain and ordered a strategy of attrition, forbidding the armies to engage—for forty-six days in all. Renmei said in anger, "With the enemy before us and we do not strike—what are we waiting for?" So he led his army out and destroyed the stone fortifications, killing many rebels. Guoquan, though displeased, reprimanded him only lightly because of his courage, whereupon Renmei pleaded illness and returned home.

投入李鴻章軍，圍攻常州，鴻章檄劉銘傳等偏師直搗，仁美率眾繼進，大破之。三年，克金陵，餘賊突出鏖戰，湘、淮諸軍屢挫於奔牛。銘傳軍被圍急，議者欲退保丹陽，仁美曰：「賊雖銳，猶困獸之鬥也，出奇兵勝之。」次日，與諸軍略其東南，賊眾轟擊以拒，仁美膝行至砲旁，連擲火彈，賊駭走，官軍鼓譟而登，夷東路各壘。賊自隔河來犯，仁美夜乘輕舸，率健卒數人躍輪艦殺賊十餘，以火攻之，船盡裂，奔牛賊平。軍無錫，執遊兵擾民者斬以徇。至是詔以總兵記名。

He joined Li Hongzhang's army and took part in the siege of Changzhou. Hongzhang sent Liu Mingchuan and a detached column to strike at the enemy directly, and Renmei advanced in support with his men and won a crushing victory. In the third year Jinling fell. The surviving rebels broke out and fought fiercely, and the Xiang and Huai armies suffered repeated reverses at Benniu. Mingchuan's army was hard pressed under siege, and some argued for falling back to Danyang. Renmei said, "The rebels may be fierce, but they are fighting like cornered beasts. Send an unexpected force and we can defeat them." The next day he joined the other units in a sweep of the southeast. The rebels opened a thunderous barrage to hold them off. Renmei crawled on his knees to the guns and hurled fire-bombs one after another. The rebels broke in alarm, and the government troops, drums roaring, stormed the heights and leveled every fort on the eastern road. Rebels attacked from across the river. Renmei took a light boat by night, led a handful of picked men aboard a paddle-wheel ship, and killed more than ten of the enemy. He set the vessels alight; the boats were ripped apart, and the rebels at Benniu were finally suppressed. The army was stationed at Wuxi. He arrested stragglers who had been harassing civilians and executed them as a warning to the ranks. He was then granted registry appointment as brigade-general.

四年，偽侍王李世賢陷漳浦，鴻章遣仁美與郭松林俱航海赴援。既至，甫築壘，賊大至。仁美令諸軍無動，獨率所部三百人迎敵。賊疑有伏，不敢前，仁美伺懈擊之，賊奔南靖。乘勝薄城下，率眾先登，世賢巷戰逾時，啟西門而遁，遂復漳州，下南靖。擢提督。進規漳浦，賊分門堅守，仁美與副將張遵道分路迎戰，賊稍卻，麾軍競進，攻克之。進復云霄廳。旋歸，以兄仁賢領其眾。

In the fourth year the Taiping Prince of Shi, Li Shixian, captured Zhangpu. Hongzhang sent Renmei and Guo Songlin by sea to relieve the town. They had barely begun building fortifications when the rebels arrived in force. Renmei ordered the other units to hold their ground and personally led his own three hundred men forward to meet the enemy. The rebels suspected an ambush and hesitated to advance. Renmei waited until they relaxed their guard, then struck, and they fled toward Nanjing. Pressing his advantage he closed on the walls, led the assault, and was first over the top. Shixian fought street by street for a long time, then opened the west gate and fled. Zhangzhou was recovered and Nanjing subjugated. He was promoted to grand coordinator. He advanced to invest Zhangpu. The rebels held every gate in force. Renmei and deputy brigade-general Zhang Zundao engaged them on separate routes; the rebels gave ground, and he ordered a general rush that carried the city. He went on to recover Yunxiao subprefecture. He soon returned home, leaving his elder brother Rensian in command of his forces.

五年，國荃巡撫湖北，檄仁美與松林募軍進至唐縣，會東捻自信陽竄入，遇於德安，薄而擊之，追至鍾祥臼口。師分三路入，仁美攻其左，抵羅家集，遇伏，與戰，力竭死之。賞世職，予鍾祥及原籍建祠。

In the fifth year Guoquan was appointed governor of Hubei and ordered Renmei and Songlin to raise troops and advance to Tang County. The Eastern Nian rebels had slipped in from Xinyang; the two forces met at De'an, where Renmei's men closed and attacked, chasing them as far as Jiukou in Zhongxiang. The army split into three columns. Renmei took the left flank, reached Luojiaji, walked into an ambush, fought until his strength was spent, and died. He was granted a hereditary office, and memorial temples were built for him at Zhongxiang and in his home county.

毛克寬，湖南溆浦人。咸豐初，兄弟五人同入田興恕虎威營，皆以善戰著，克寬尤驍勇。六年，隨興恕援江西，克萍鄉、萬載，复袁州。後從圍臨江，吉安賊來援，城賊填壕伺夾擊。克寬從拒援寇，大破之太平墟，燒賊屯四十七，遂克臨江。湖南巡撫駱秉章以克寬久經戰陣、勞績甚多聞於朝。時貴州苗、教各匪麕聚，复隨興恕赴援，連克錦屏等處，克寬功最。偽翼王石達開犯湖南，窺寶慶，克寬從興恕回援，破賊寶慶城南黃塘，复敗賊七架坡。賊合圍攻興恕壘，克寬日夜搏戰，援軍既集，內外夾攻，賊敗遁。追及九鞏橋、白楊鋪，復大破之。賊走廣西，遂以參將留湖南。

Mao Kekuan was a native of Xupu in Hunan. At the beginning of the Xianfeng reign, five brothers together joined Tian Xingwu's Tiger Might Battalion. All were known as fine fighters, and Kekuan was the fiercest of them. In the sixth year he followed Xingwu to Jiangxi, captured Pingxiang and Wanzai, and recovered Yuanzhou. He later took part in the siege of Linjiang. Rebels from Ji'an came to relieve the city, while the defenders filled in the moat and waited to fall on the besiegers from both sides. Kekuan helped beat back the relief force and won a great victory at Taipingxu, burning forty-seven rebel encampments. Linjiang then fell. Hunan Governor Luo Bingzhang memorialized the court on Kekuan's long service in the field and his many accomplishments. Miao rebels and sectarian bandits were then massing in Guizhou. Kekuan again followed Xingwu to the relief, helping capture Jingping and other strongholds; his contribution was the greatest of all. When the Taiping Prince of Yi, Shi Dakai, invaded Hunan and threatened Shaocheng, Kekuan followed Xingwu to the relief, routed the rebels at Huangtang south of the city, and again defeated them at Qijiapo. The rebels surrounded Xingwu's camp. Kekuan fought day and night until relief troops arrived and attacked from within and without. The rebels broke and fled. He pursued them to Jiugong Bridge and Baiyangpu and routed them again. The rebels fled into Guangxi, and Kekuan was appointed colonel and retained for service in Hunan.

黔亂复熾，朝命興恕為貴州提督，督辦軍務。克寬再入黔，逆酋安太然及偽元帥韓成龍、偽招討覃國英等圍攻印江、石阡，克寬率虎後營分道進擊平陽等處賊屯百餘，斬韓成龍、覃國英，拔出難民三千餘人，遂解城圍，乘勝复甕安。兩旬之間，蕩平數百里。興恕疏薦克寬「膽識俱優，屢獲奇捷，隨徵六載，戰必身先，實屬英勇冠群」。命以副將留黔，賞號銳勇巴圖魯。

Disorders in Guizhou flared anew, and the court appointed Xingwu grand coordinator of Guizhou with overall command of military affairs. Kekuan returned to Guizhou. Rebel chieftain An Tairan, the false marshals Han Chenglong and Tan Guoying, and others were besieging Yinjiang and Shiqian. Kekuan led the Tiger Rear Battalion along separate routes, stormed more than a hundred rebel camps around Pingyang and elsewhere, killed Han Chenglong and Tan Guoying, and brought more than three thousand civilians to safety. The siege was lifted, and pressing the advantage his men recovered Weng'an. Within twenty days they had cleared several hundred li of territory. Xingwu memorialized the throne, praising Kekuan as "bold and capable in equal measure, repeatedly winning striking victories. In six years of campaigning he has always led from the front—a courage unmatched among his peers." He was appointed deputy brigade-general and retained in Guizhou, with the honorific title Ruiyong Baturu.

石達開從廣西犯黔，陷歸化、定番等城。克寬迎剿，破籠溪、猴坪賊巢，進駐赤土，督軍攻定番、長寨，克之，复解安順、安平城圍。十一年，補大定協副將，移駐大水橋，通運道。賊乘營壘未成，遣悍黨分股來犯，克寬分隊逆戰，敗其左右翼，中路賊死抗不退，克寬策馬轢陣，往來盪決，刃悍賊數十，賊眾披靡。會飛砲中馬，徒步奮擊，身受數創，歿於陣，年三十三。詔贈總兵銜，建專祠，賞世職。弟克佳，官把總，戰歿臨江。

Shi Dakai invaded Guizhou from Guangxi and captured Guihua, Dingfan, and other towns. Kekuan marched out to meet him, destroyed the rebel strongholds at Longxi and Houping, and advanced to encamp at Chitu. He directed the attack on Dingfan and Changzhai, took both, and lifted the sieges of Anshun and Anping. In the eleventh year he was appointed deputy brigade-general of the Dading command, moved his garrison to Dashui Bridge, and secured the supply route. The rebels struck while his camp was still unfinished, sending fierce fighters in several columns. Kekuan divided his force to meet them, broke their left and right wings, then charged the center, where the enemy fought to the death. He spurred his horse back and forth through the melee, cut down dozens of their best fighters, and the rebel ranks collapsed. A stray cannon shot brought down his horse. He fought on foot, took several wounds, and died in battle at the age of thirty-three. He was posthumously granted the rank of brigade-general, given a dedicated shrine, and awarded a hereditary office. His younger brother Kejia, a platoon officer, was killed fighting at Linjiang.

先死黔苗之亂者，有邢連科，原名正堉，貴州貴陽人。台拱廳黃施衛千總。咸豐三年，苗叛，攻城，連科迭乞援，累月兵始至。連科蒐殘卒夾擊出陷陣，而援兵先潰，連科轉戰十家寨，陣亡。

Among those who had fallen earlier in the Guizhou Miao uprisings was Xing Lianke, originally named Zhengyu, a native of Guiyang in Guizhou. He was a platoon leader of the Huangshi garrison in Taigong subprefecture. In the third year of Xianfeng the Miao rose in rebellion and attacked the city. Lianke sent repeated pleas for relief, but troops did not arrive for months. Lianke rallied the remaining troops and led a sortie from within, but the relief force broke first. He fought his way to Shijiazhai and fell in battle.

子士義。舉人，主講平越，先聞警，馳赴城守。至是召家人環坐，縱火藥自焚，僕諶年有、婢玉蘭從死。千總署堂皇之下，列屍二十有二。巡撫蔣霨遠、田興恕先後以闔門殉難聞，賜祀，予世職。孫以謙，曾孫端，翰林院編修。

His son was Shiyi. Shiyi was a provincial graduate who lectured at Pingyue. At the first alarm he raced to the city to join its defense. He then gathered his family in a circle, set off his store of gunpowder, and burned himself to death. His servant Zhen Nianyou and his maid Yulan died with him. Twenty-two bodies lay in a row beneath the main hall of the garrison office. Governors Jiang Aiyuan and Tian Xingwu memorialized the throne on the family's martyrdom. They were granted enshrinement and a hereditary office. His grandson was Yiqian; his great-grandson Duan served as a compiler in the Hanlin Academy.

田興奇，湖南鳳凰廳人。隸田興恕虎威營。咸豐六年，從平郴、桂、茶陵，以功敘外委。興恕援江西，進攻袁州，興恕躍馬突賊陣，興奇隨入，各軍繼之，遂獲大勝，賊潰奔數十里。分宜、袁州复，擢千總，加守備銜，賞藍翎。七年，師次高安陰岡嶺，興奇斬偽監軍姜萬祥、總制艾得勝。攻复臨江，擢游擊，換花翎。八年夏，貴州寇起，隨興恕往援，敗賊黎平，夷其營。轉攻漢砦，斬馘二十餘級，夷賊營十餘處，追北十八江，斬偽侯黃必升等二十一人，擒偽將軍伍云童。黎平復，以參將留湖南補用，加副將銜。

Tian Xingqi was a native of Fenghuang subprefecture in Hunan. He served in Tian Xingwu's Tiger Might Battalion. In the sixth year of Xianfeng he helped pacify Chen, Gui, and Chaling, and for his service was appointed an external commissioner. When Xingwu went to relieve Jiangxi and attacked Yuanzhou, he charged the rebel line on horseback and Xingqi rode in with him. The rest of the army followed, and they won a great victory; the rebels broke and fled for dozens of li. Fenyi and Yuanzhou were recovered. Xingqi was promoted to platoon leader, given battalion-commander rank, and awarded the blue plume. In the seventh year, as the army camped at Yingang Ridge in Gao'an, Xingqi killed the false Taiping military supervisor Jiang Wanxiang and commander Ai Desheng. He took part in the recovery of Linjiang, was promoted to mobile-corps commander, and received the flowered plume. In the summer of the eighth year rebellion broke out in Guizhou. He followed Xingwu to the relief, defeated the rebels at Liping, and destroyed their camps. He turned to attack Hanzai, took more than twenty heads, and destroyed a dozen rebel camps. Pursuing north to Shibajiang, he killed the false marquis Huang Bisheng and twenty others and captured the false general Wu Yuntong. Liping was recovered. Xingqi was appointed colonel and retained for service in Hunan, with the rank of deputy brigade-general.

九年春，石達開率眾十餘萬犯寶慶，興恕軍適自黔還，道其境，駐軍九鞏橋。賊乘其甫安營，悉眾來犯，隨興恕擊卻之。是夜三鼓，興奇率壯士八百人襲賊營，賊驚潰，死亡相屬，餘眾奔逃。寶慶平，擢副將。

In the spring of the ninth year Shi Dakai invaded Shaocheng with an army of more than one hundred thousand. Xingwu's force was just returning from Guizhou and happened to pass through the region, encamping at Jiugong Bridge. The rebels struck while the troops were still settling camp, but Xingqi joined Xingwu and drove them off. That night, at the third watch, Xingqi led eight hundred picked men in a night assault on the rebel camp. The enemy broke in panic, dying in heaps as the rest fled. Shaocheng was pacified, and Xingqi was promoted to deputy brigade-general.

十年，從興恕剿貴州苗匪，興奇領虎勇二千人至石阡，戰龍潭，斬賊偽元帥韓成龍、覃國英，盡平其營。越二日再攻，賊走馬坪，斬馘甚眾，並拔出被擄老穉男女三千餘口。捷聞，賜衝勇巴圖魯名號，加總兵銜，仍駐石阡。六月，擊賊雙溪，中伏，死之，時年三十二。詔贈提督銜，諡剛介。

In the tenth year he followed Xingwu against the Miao rebels of Guizhou. Xingqi led two thousand Tiger Braves to Shiqian, fought at Longtan, killed the false marshals Han Chenglong and Tan Guoying, and destroyed their camps entirely. Two days later they attacked again. The rebels fled to Maping; many were killed, and more than three thousand elderly and young men and women who had been taken captive were brought to safety. When word of the victory reached the court, he was granted the honorific title Chongyong Baturu, given brigade-general rank, and remained garrisoned at Shiqian. In the sixth month he attacked rebels at Shuangxi, walked into an ambush, and was killed at the age of thirty-two. He was posthumously granted the rank of grand coordinator and given the posthumous title Gangjie.

田興勝亦隸興恕部下，平郴、桂，援寶慶及援江西，同有功，累擢至守備。又隨剿貴州各匪，破籠溪，解餘慶圍。偕都司沈宏富等進屯雄黃、小崽等處。賊於老巢立堅壘十八，悍黨萬餘，分佈左右山梁，興勝約游擊楊岩寶兩路夾攻，自與沈宏富攻左路各寨；都司田興考由右路繞山後出擊，並設伏後路。計定，率兵直衝首山梁，賊數千迎擊，興勝督隊沖突，鏖戰逾時，賊沿山潰遁，營內賊開卡狂竄，興勝親入賊陣，手刃悍目二。宏富督後隊合圍，先毀其右寨，移攻左寨，破之。乘勝追襲，有黃衣賊目率黨死拒，興勝射之，蹶，擒而梟示，餘賊大潰。追十餘裡，墜崖死者無數。是役共破堅寨十餘座，陣斬偽元帥韓進、楊正閏等二十餘人，馘千五百餘級，乘勝平賊營十餘座。

Tian Xingsheng also served under Xingwu. He helped pacify Chen and Gui, relieved Shaocheng and Jiangxi, and shared in the credit, rising through repeated promotions to battalion commander. He also joined campaigns against the rebels of Guizhou, broke through at Longxi, and lifted the siege of Yuqing. Together with battalion commander Shen Hongfu and others, he advanced and encamped at Xionghuang, Xiaozai, and other points. At their stronghold the rebels had built eighteen fortified camps, manned by more than ten thousand fierce fighters spread along the ridges on both flanks. Xingsheng arranged with mobile-corps commander Yang Yanbao for a two-pronged assault, while he and Shen Hongfu took the left-route stockades; Battalion commander Tian Xingkao was to circle behind the mountain on the right and strike from the rear, with ambushes set along the escape routes. Once the plan was set, he led his men straight at the foremost ridge. Several thousand rebels met them head on. Xingsheng drove his squads forward in repeated charges; the fight dragged on until the enemy broke along the slope. Rebels inside the camp flung open the gates and fled in disorder. Xingsheng plunged into their ranks himself and cut down two of their chieftains. Hongfu brought up the rear columns to complete the encirclement, first destroying the right stockade, then shifting to the left and taking that as well. Pressing the pursuit, a rebel chieftain in yellow robes led his men in a desperate stand. Xingsheng shot him down, had him captured and beheaded for display, and the rest of the rebels broke completely. The pursuit ran more than ten li; countless rebels died falling from the cliffs. In this engagement they stormed more than ten fortified camps, killed the false marshals Han Jin, Yang Zhengyun, and more than twenty others in battle, took more than fifteen hundred heads, and went on to level another dozen rebel camps.

复隨總兵劉吉三等夜攻三角莊，賊猝不及防，驚而潰，毀其連營三座。適松坪賊首石復明糾玉華山匪黨數万，分六股來撲，興勝偕游擊劉祖得合兵迎剿，都司徐祥太與興考各率所部設伏山麓及民舍中，賊遇伏大敗，死亡枕藉。追至木影頂，地險峻，賊寨負隅難拔，因收隊。明日，同知唐繩武等由間道出松坪之後，先取老巢，興勝奉令偕岩寶等攻木影頂，攀藤而上，賊礌石交下，軍少卻。興勝橫刀躍馬，奮身進，飛登寨牆。賊矛攢刺，捉其矛而上，揮刀連斬悍賊十餘，諸軍繼進，賊散走。官軍四面兜剿，殲除殆盡，擒其渠秦官寶、劉老栘等，誅之。

He again joined brigade-general Liu Jisan and others in a night attack on Sanjiaozhuang. Caught off guard, the rebels broke in alarm, and three linked camps were destroyed. Just then the Songping chieftain Shi Fuming rallied tens of thousands of bandits from Yuhuashan and sent six columns against them. Xingsheng joined mobile-corps commander Liu Zude to meet the attack, while battalion commanders Xu Xiangtai and Xingkao laid ambushes at the foot of the mountain and in nearby houses. The rebels walked into the trap and were routed; the dead lay piled upon one another. The pursuit carried them to Muying Peak, where the ground was steep and the rebel stockade held a desperate position too strong to storm. They broke off and withdrew. The next day subprefect Tang Shengwu and others took a hidden route behind Songping and seized the old nest first. Xingsheng, under orders, joined Yanbao and others in the assault on Muying Peak. They climbed by vines, but the rebels rolled stones down upon them and the troops fell back briefly. Xingsheng spurred his horse forward with blade drawn, threw himself into the assault, and leaped onto the stockade wall. Spears thrust at him from every side; he seized one and climbed up, then cut down more than ten of their best fighters in succession. The rest of the army surged after him, and the rebels broke and fled. Government troops closed in from all sides and wiped out nearly the entire force. They captured the ringleaders Qin Guanbao, Liu Laoyi, and others and put them to death.

松坪黃號賊眾五萬，連營三十餘，興勝等即時裹糧疾進，悉銳攻之，賊傾巢出拒，官軍奮擊敗之。有偽扶明王者，悍酋也，手斫敗退賊，挺身來抗。興勝自與搏戰，殪之。餘賊猶相持，宏富等已從後破其巢，賊乃潰竄。官軍夾擊，斬馘四千餘級，松坪賊壘皆平。乘勝攻猴嶺，拔之。

At Songping the Yellow Banner rebels numbered fifty thousand in more than thirty linked camps. Xingsheng and the others marched at once with rations on their backs and threw their best troops into the attack. The rebels came out in full force to meet them, but the government army fought fiercely and drove them back. A false King Who Supports Ming, a fierce chieftain, cut down his own men as they fell back and stepped forward to fight. Xingsheng fought him hand to hand and killed him. The remaining rebels still held their ground, but Hongfu and the others had already broken through from the rear. The enemy then broke and fled in disorder. Government troops attacked from both sides, took more than four thousand heads, and every rebel fort at Songping was leveled. Pressing their advantage, they attacked Houling and took it.

旋偕宏富移剿甕安，先破小山寺營、馬安營賊壘百餘，冒雨分三路進攻紅岡堡，興勝策馬陷陣，連刃數賊，諸軍繼之，立破其巢，躡追數里。會甕安賊來援，敗賊亦返鬥，興勝偕宏富等縱擊。射斃賊酋數名，賊亂返奔，官軍急躡之，賊不敢入城，奔至玉華山老巢。甕安遂復，自是入省之路始通。興恕疏稱「興勝每戰單槍陷陣，不計生死，實屬忠勇可嘉」。詔以游擊拔補，給果勇巴圖魯勇號。

He soon joined Hongfu in operations against Weng'an, first storming more than a hundred rebel camps at Xiaoshansi and Ma'an. In the rain they split into three columns and attacked Honggang Fort. Xingsheng charged into the enemy line, cut down several rebels, and the rest of the army followed, breaking the stronghold at once and pursuing for several li. Rebel reinforcements from Weng'an arrived, and the defeated force turned to fight again. Xingsheng joined Hongfu and the others in a full pursuit. They shot down several rebel chieftains. The enemy broke in disorder, and the government troops pressed hard upon them. The rebels dared not re-enter the city and fled to their old stronghold on Yuhuashan. Weng'an was recovered, and for the first time the road into the provincial capital was secure. Xingwu memorialized the throne, writing that "in every battle Xingsheng charges alone into the enemy ranks, heedless of life and death—a loyalty and courage truly worthy of praise." He was appointed mobile-corps commander by imperial selection and granted the honorific martial title Guoyong Baturu.

十一年，粵匪大股竄貴州境，踞定番州、長寨等處，偪近省垣，岩寶等攻之未下。興勝隨興恕往剿，屢戰皆捷，克定番，又偕副將周學桂進兵拔長寨，其別股踞土地關者，分黨撲安平以牽掣官軍，興勝馳救，立解城圍。匪首張遇恩勾結仲匪圍安順，並撲定南汛城，又隨總兵趙德昌擊退之，省會解嚴。

In the eleventh year a large Cantonese rebel force slipped into Guizhou, seized Dingfan, Changzhai, and neighboring districts, and threatened the provincial capital. Yan Bao and others attacked but could not dislodge them. Xingsheng marched with Xingwu to suppress them, won battle after battle, and recovered Dingfan. With Deputy Brigadier Zhou Xuegui he then took Changzhai. When a separate rebel band at Tudiguan sent a detachment against Anping to pin down government forces, Xingsheng rode to the rescue and raised the siege at once. Rebel leader Zhang Yu'en joined forces with the Zhong tribesmen to besiege Anshun and struck the garrison at Dingnan as well. Xingsheng again followed Brigade-General Zhao Dechang in beating them back, and the alarm at the provincial capital was lifted.

三月，偕岩寶等進攻土地關，與賊戰於赤土，賊敗走，賊首仰天燕斷後。興勝追之，將及，以乘騎飢疲，馳驟過猛，一蹶而斃。賊回隊圍之，徒步格鬥，殺悍賊十餘人，身受多創，血流如注，猶抵死相持，力竭，歿於陣。照總兵例優恤，諡武烈。

In the third month he joined Yan Bao and others in an assault on Tudiguan. At Chitu they routed the rebels, and the rebel chief Yangtianyan covered the retreat. Xingsheng gave chase and was almost upon them when his exhausted horse, driven too hard, stumbled once and collapsed dead beneath him. The rebels wheeled about and surrounded him. Fighting on foot he killed more than a dozen of their toughest fighters. Wounds covered his body and blood poured from him, yet he held on until his strength gave out and he died on the field. The court granted him exceptional honors on the brigade-general scale and bestowed the posthumous title Wulie.

馬定國，四川萬縣人。咸豐六年，投鮑超霆營，從攻九江小池口，回援黃梅，疊破賊孔壟、大河鋪、億生寺、黃蠟山等處，定國功多，委帶霆字左營親兵。复隨剿太湖之楓香驛，破賊壘十餘座。八年，上援麻城，遇賊黃土岡，拔主將出圍。從克麻城、太湖，毀雷公埠、石牌逆壘，進攻安徽省城。賊於北門外及東西山灣，連柵週亙，堅不能拔。定國負楯直入重柵，破其數壘。會巡撫李續賓軍覆三河，賊由舒城、潛山上竄，遂從超退扼宿松之二郎河，賊來犯，擊破之。复破賊於花涼亭，進圍太湖。悍酋陳玉成以大股來援，超移壁小池驛，賊眾圍之。十年正月，大戰，破賊壘數十座，斃賊萬餘，乘勝克太湖、潛山。累擢至游擊，晉參將。從規皖南，收黟縣，大破賊盧村、羊棧嶺，命以副將用，乞假回籍。

Ma Dingguo came from Wan County in Sichuan. In the sixth year of Xianfeng he joined Bao Chao's Ting Battalion, fought at Xiaochikou near Jiujiang, marched back to relieve Huangmei, and in a string of victories broke rebel positions at Konglong, Dahepu, Yisheng Temple, Huanglashan, and elsewhere. Dingguo's record was outstanding, and he was appointed to lead the personal guard of Bao's left battalion. He then took part in the campaign at Fengxiang Post near Taihu and destroyed more than ten rebel stockades. In the eighth year he marched to relieve Macheng, met rebels at Huangtugang, and fought his way out with his commander. He helped capture Macheng and Taihu, destroyed rebel works at Leigongbu and Shipai, and advanced on the Anhui provincial capital. Outside the north gate and at Shanjian Bay east and west the rebels had thrown up a ring of linked stockades that could not be carried by assault. Dingguo took up a shield and charged straight into the inner works, smashing several of their forts. When Governor Li Xubin's army was wiped out at Sanhe, rebels surged down from Shucheng and Qianshan. Dingguo withdrew with Bao Chao to hold Erlang River in Susong, met the rebel attack, and drove it back. He defeated the rebels again at Hualiang Pavilion and pressed the siege of Taihu. The formidable rebel commander Chen Yucheng marched up with a large relief force. Bao Chao shifted his camp to Xiaochi Post, and the rebels surrounded him. In the first month of the tenth year a great battle shattered dozens of rebel works and killed more than ten thousand men. Pressing the victory, the army recovered Taihu and Qianshan. Steady promotion carried him to brigade commander and then to colonel. He took part in the southern Anhui campaign, recovered Yi County, and won a crushing victory at Lucun and Yangzhanling. The court ordered him appointed deputy brigade-general, after which he asked leave to return to his native place.

同治元年，滇匪擾四川萬縣之紅谷田，定國率鄉兵禦賊，戰歿。詔贈總兵銜，建專祠，賞世職。

In the first year of Tongzhi, Yunnan rebels raided Honggutian in Wan County. Dingguo led the local militia against them and fell in battle. The throne posthumously granted him the rank of brigade-general, ordered a dedicated shrine built in his honor, and awarded an hereditary office.

Cite this Chapter