1
列傳二百八十二
Biographies 282
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忠義九
Loyal and Righteous 9
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宗室奕功札隆阿等覺羅清廉等松林文炘等
Yigong of the imperial clan, Zhalong'a and others, Qinglian of the Aisin Gioro line, Songlin, Wen Xin, and others
4
崇壽韓紹徽韓培森馬鍾祺董瀚譚昌祺莊禮本馮福疇
Chongshou, Han Shaohui, Han Peisen, Ma Zhongqi, Dong Han, Tan Changqi, Zhuang Liben, and Feng Fuchou
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宮玉森景善等宋春華馬福祿楊福同
Gong Yusen, Jingshan, and others; Song Chunhua, Ma Fulu, and Yang Futong
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吳德潚子仲韜成肇麟
Wu Desi and his son Zhongtao; Cheng Zhaolin
7
宗室奕功，歷官奉宸苑卿，至御前侍衛。 光緒二十六年，拳匪肇禍，各國聯軍破京都，德宗奉孝欽顯皇后西狩，奕功以世受國恩，未能隨扈，引火自焚。 妻祥佳氏、子載捷等，闔家投井殉節。
The imperial clansman Yigong served in turn as Director of the Imperial Parks and eventually as an imperial bodyguard in attendance. In Guangxu 26 the Boxer uprising erupted, the allied armies of the foreign powers took the capital, and Emperor Guangxu led Empress Dowager Cixi west in flight. Yigong, who had long enjoyed the dynasty's favor, was unable to join the imperial flight and burned himself to death. His wife Lady Xiangjia, his son Zaijie, and the entire household cast themselves into a well and perished in loyalty.
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先後被難者，宗室有奉恩將軍札隆阿，子樸誠等； 奉恩將軍緝禦，子培善，孫存德、存厚等； 文舉人恩煦，子繼勳、懋勳，從子啟勳、世勳等； 掌江西道監察御史德籓，戶部員外郎恩斝，戶部主事謹善，宗人府經歷訥欽，頭等侍衛德潤，帶隊官鈺璋，及奕鑫、載袍、恕誠、聯德、恩溥、鬆達、善章、國文、松根、景璋、承惠、和桂、鳳喜、吉辰、海明，覺羅有清廉、年瑞、德潤、榮綿。
Among those who perished in the turmoil were, from the imperial clan, Enfeoffed General Zhalong'a and his son Pucheng, among others; Enfeoffed General Jiyu, his son Peishan, and his grandsons Cunde and Cunhou, among others; the licentiate Enxu, his sons Jixun and Maoxun, and his nephews Qixun and Shixun, among others; Supervising Censor Defan of the Jiangxi circuit, Vice Director Enjia of the Ministry of Revenue, Secretary Jinshan of the same ministry, Imperial Clan Court clerk Neqin, first-rank bodyguard Derun, detachment officer Yuzhang, and Yixin, Zaipao, Shucheng, Liande, Enpu, Songda, Shanzhang, Guowen, Songgen, Jingzhang, Chenghui, He Gui, Fengxi, Jichen, and Haiming; among the Aisin Gioro lineage were Qinglian, Nianrui, Derun, and Rongmian.
9
松林，巴雅爾氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人。 由筆帖式累擢給事中。 出知臨安府，升雲南糧儲道，晉山東按察使、布政使。 內擢順天府府尹，病解任，起為內閣侍讀學士。 聯軍犯京師，分守東直門，親指揮砲火中，抵禦甚力。 俄中砲死，屍不可辨。
Songlin, a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner and member of the Bayar clan, rose from the clerk corps through successive promotions to supervising secretary. He served as prefect of Lin'an, was promoted to Yunnan grain intendant, and later became Shandong surveillance commissioner and provincial administration commissioner. He was brought into the capital as metropolitan prefect of Shuntian, retired on account of illness, and was later recalled as a reader-attendant in the Grand Secretariat. When the allied armies assaulted the capital he was assigned to defend Dongzhimen and personally directed the defense under heavy fire, fighting with great determination. He was soon killed by artillery fire, and his body could no longer be identified.
10
時陣亡者，前敵有世管佐領文炘，騎都尉玉廕、奎齡，筆帖式寶善，前鋒校榮春，護軍校玉連，驍騎校鍾安、德昌，前鋒舒元、明順，護軍秀亮、雙祿、瑞升、文福、成福、恩啟、常貴、成秀，把總文通，隊官全成，隊長全興，領催崇寬、貴斌、崇歡、慶祥、廣升、奎秀、永順、暇安、恩慶、廣立，馬甲成恆、瑞喜、慶山、倭克金布、世昌、玉興、恩隆、德勝、祥瑞、賡音布、董連元、保麟、裕安、長泉、保玲、王永立、保祥、李景瑞、田應時、張桂祥、李永福、清華、吉順、全立德、玉崇、喜保、林長玉、布克坦、全保、喜壽、海寬、延祿、玉山、成昌、長福、松齡、柯永、文斌、徐培田、文達、慶連、興瑞、李燁、保慶、清海、長春、恩常、保順、廣禧、廣海、崇福、鳳齡、成棨、雙全、玉岑、汪恆吉，養育兵明祿、玉海、玉存、景立、關喜、慶祿、色勒、連貴、雙壽、文奎、奎茂、齊德森、明保、永順、泳全、常來、吉祿、萬善、立得、長桂、松樑、德成、長安，閒散全興、松澤、德祿、連升、保盛阿、玉慶、德祿、廣成、連山、倭克金泰、立海、德緒、富森、廣海、崇福、榮羲、國安、祥桂、富順、延茂、德全、恩隆、楊德福，槍甲吉慶、連魁、李長升、景英、文海，槍兵崇昆，砲甲吉安、文、景瑞、張啟茂、劉龍、富琪、全奎、全保、德鳳、增銳、增輝、周奎斌，練兵桂普，隊兵光輝、林慶。
Those who fell in battle at the front included Hereditary Associate Commandant Wen Xin; Cavalry Commandants Yu Yin and Kuiling; Clerk Baoshan; Vanguard Captain Rongchun; Guard Captain Yu Lian; Brave Cavalry Captains Zhong An and Dechang; vanguards Shu Yuan and Mingshun; guards Xiuliang, Shuanglu, Ruisheng, Wenfu, Chengfu, Enqi, Changgui, and Chengxiu; Platoon Commander Wentong; company officers Quancheng and Quanxing; squad leaders Chongkuan, Guibin, Chonghuan, Qingxiang, Guangsheng, Kuixiu, Yongshun, Xia'an, Qingqing, and Guangli; numerous armored cavalrymen including Chengheng, Ruixi, Qingshan, Wekjinbu, Shichang, Yuxing, Enlong, Desheng, Xiangrui, Gengyinbu, Dong Lianyuan, Baolin, Yu'an, Changquan, Baoling, Wang Yongli, Baoxiang, Li Jingrui, Tian Yingshi, Zhang Guixiang, Li Yongfu, Qinghua, Jishun, Quan Lide, Yuchong, Xibao, Lin Changyu, Buketan, Quanbao, Xishou, Haikuan, Yanlu, Yushan, Chengchang, Changfu, Songling, Keyong, Wenbin, Xu Peitian, Wenda, Qinglian, Xingrui, Li Ye, Baoging, Qinghai, Changchun, Enchang, Baoshun, Guangxi, Guanghai, Chongfu, Fengling, Chengqi, Shuangquan, Yucen, and Wang Hengji; stipend soldiers Minglu, Yuhai, Yucun, Jingli, Guanxi, Qinglu, Sele, Liangui, Shuangshou, Wenkui, Kuimao, Qidesen, Mingbao, Yongshun, Yongquan, Changlai, Jilu, Wanshan, Lide, Changgui, Songliang, Decheng, and Chang'an; idle bannermen Quanxing, Songze, Delu, Liansheng, Baosheng'a, Yuqing, Guangcheng, Lianshan, Wekjintai, Lihai, Dexu, Fusen, Rongyi, Guo'an, Xianggui, Fushun, Yanmao, Dequan, Enlong, and Yang Defu; musket armorers Jiqing, Liankui, Li Changsheng, Jingying, and Wenhai; musketeer Chongkun; artillery armorers Ji'an, Wen [damaged in source], Jingrui, Zhang Qimao, Liu Long, Fuqi, Quankui, Quanbao, Defeng, Zeng Rui, Zeng Hui, and Zhou Kuibin; drill soldier Guipu; and company soldiers Guanghui and Lin Qing.
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東直門有護軍參領賢普，世管佐領德續，公中佐領松鶴、錫昌、連秀，筆帖式榮山，驍騎校惠斌、倭什洪額、瀛緒、連桂、常浩、銘綸、鳳啟，護軍瑞斌、常福、春安、普惠、德謙、恆有、兆芳、隨善、同廣、崇敬、恆斌、桂祿、三多，隊官英璞、惠斌，領催德緒、常慶、成山、富順、常全、雙印、文森、松《門坐》、雙奎、廣義，馬甲喬齡、錫瑞、田德貴、奎秀、廣喜、寶庚、廣祿、富通、明喜、廣林、文印、德林、永山、錫連、榮和、永霈、長安、李忠、春元、得林、興順、福貞、文芳、文普、玉芳、烏雲珠、達崇阿、德貴、明安、世達、黃培長、貴普、英玉、錫祿、文華、德本、春倫、成祐、崇慶、雙奎、雙海、立福、德保、潤秀、奎秀、順立、志亨、志隆、銘榮、崇喜、恩順、連敬，養育兵慶林、雙祿、隆福、宜緒、濟堃、長奎、德文、長清、得隆、景立、得保、明增、成林、福祥、寶瑞、恩佑，閒散榮喜、崇儀、順福、吉昆、長山、英振、阿炳、阿均、廣成、連山、世瑞、承英、錫保、雙興、德玉、治得、和森、廣立、李斌、世山、永利、長齡、鐵壽、定坤、龍泰、鳳林、鳳祥、景珍、崇錫、存德、延齡、錫光、寶忠、得虎、奎福，砲兵恆安、國安、承萬、吉恆、玉森、善溥、盛濂，隊兵凌貴、伊立布。
At Dongzhimen the dead included Guard Commandant Xianpu, Hereditary Associate Commandant Dexu, Common Associate Commandants Songhe, Xichang, and Lianxiu, Clerk Rongshan, Brave Cavalry Captains Huibin, Woshihenge, Yingxu, Liangui, Changhao, Minglun, and Fengqi, guards Ruibin, Changfu, Chun'an, Puhui, Deqian, Hengyou, Zhaofang, Suishan, Tongguang, Chongjing, Hengbin, Guilu, and Sanduo, company officers Yingpu and Huibin, squad leaders Dexu, Changqing, Chengshan, Fushun, Changquan, Shuangyin, Wensen, Song Shan [corrupt in source], Shuangkui, and Guangyi, a long roll of armored cavalrymen and stipend soldiers, idle bannermen including Rongxi, Chongyi, Shunfu, Jikun, Changshan, Yingzhen, Abing, Ajun, Guangcheng, Lianshan, Shirui, Chengying, Xibao, Shuangxing, Deyu, Zhide, Hesen, Guangli, Libin, Shishan, Yongli, Changling, Tieshou, Dingkun, Longtai, Fenglin, Fengxiang, Jingzhen, Chongxi, Cunde, Yanling, Xiguang, Baozhong, Dehu, and Kuifu, artillerymen Heng'an, Guo'an, Chengwan, Jiheng, Yusen, Shanpu, and Sheng Lian, and company soldiers Linggui and Yilibu.
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崇文門有護軍校富亮，驍騎校德瑞，筆帖式潤普，七品官薩斌圖，監生福壽，隊官彤勳，護軍慶昇、定昆、世喜、富山，領催玉山、連英、國棟、文通，馬甲志福、鐵升、桂安、清海、巨泰、烏林、興海、聚泰、玉保、成喜、恩沾、全順、恩保、輔廷、達英、張仲蘭，養育兵永祿、文斌、隆興、德存、富寬、常壽、全祿、海玉、英鋆、松山、連升、存德，閒散文成、文亮、崇林、松山、常林、秀斌、松玉、忠福、巴克坦布、奎榮、崇海、緒順、德清，槍兵文海，隊兵恩保、德祿、隆興，幼丁劉長立。
At Chongwenmen were Guard Captain Fuliang, Brave Cavalry Captain Derui, Clerk Runpu, Seventh-Rank Officer Sabintu, licentiate Fushou, Company Officer Tongxun, guards Qingsheng, Dingkun, Shixi, and Fushan, squad leaders Yushan, Lianying, Guodong, and Wentong, armored cavalrymen Zhifu, Tiesheng, Gui'an, Qinghai, Jutai, Wulin, Xinghai, Jutai, Yubao, Chengxi, Enzhan, Quanshun, Enbao, Futing, Daying, and Zhang Zhonglan, stipend soldiers Yonglu, Wenbin, Longxing, Decun, Fukuan, Changshou, Quanlu, Haiyu, Yingjun, Songshan, Liansheng, and Cunde, idle bannermen Wencheng, Wenliang, Chonglin, Songshan, Changlin, Xiubin, Songyu, Zhongfu, Baketanbu, Kuirong, Chonghai, Xushun, and Deqing, musketeer Wenhai, company soldiers Enbao, Delu, and Longxing, and the youth Liu Changli.
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朝陽門有云騎尉富珠倫，恩騎尉連福，護軍校富亮，驍騎校續魁，鳥槍藍翎長松春，護軍海秀、常福、烏林泰、萬玉斌，前鋒吉昌，領催常興、保昌，馬甲永安、福山、雙喜、保勳、德福、鐵升、興海、長瑞、玉安、巴揚阿、烏林保，養育兵貴全、凌山、恩啟、保春、湧澂、德順、裕泰、玉厚、成玉、趙文忠、閏福、文瑞、榮德，閒散長緒、文立、多太、誠堃、恆立、常興、伊三布、文祿、常林、瑞申、恩錫、連升、松山、厚寬、張勛、松山、忠福。
At Chaoyangmen were Cloud-Rider Commandant Fuzhulun, Grace-Rider Commandant Lianfu, Guard Captain Fuliang, Brave Cavalry Captain Xukui, Chief Songchun of the musket blue tassel, guards Haixiu, Changfu, Wulintai, and Wanyubin, vanguard Jichang, squad leaders Changxing and Baochang, armored cavalrymen Yong'an, Fushan, Shuangxi, Baoxun, Defu, Tiesheng, Xinghai, Changrui, Yu'an, Bayang'a, and Wulinbao, stipend soldiers Guiquan, Lingshan, Enqi, Baochun, Yongcheng, Deshun, Yutai, Yuhou, Chengyu, Zhao Wenzhong, Runfu, Wenrui, and Rongde, and idle bannermen Changxu, Wenli, Duotai, Chengkun, Hengli, Changxing, Yisanbu, Wenlu, Changlin, Ruishen, Enxi, Liansheng, Songshan, Houkuan, Zhang Xun, and Zhongfu.
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東便門有游擊韓萬鍾、弟韓萬祿，千總慶餘，把總金鈺，戰兵王壽、李永福，馬兵梁坤、張德輿。
At Dongbianmen were Brigade Commander Han Wanzhong and his brother Han Wanlu, Battalion Commander Qingyu, Platoon Commander Jin Yu, combat soldiers Wang Shou and Li Yongfu, and cavalrymen Liang Kun and Zhang Deyu.
15
德勝門有副參領祥存、世管佐領承瑞，驍騎校崇桂、領催柏銘、容剛、文惠，馬甲錫連、桂啟，養育兵常海，隊兵榮喜。
At Deshengmen were Deputy Commandant Xiangcun and Hereditary Associate Commandant Chengrui, Brave Cavalry Captain Chonggui, squad leaders Baiming, Ronggang, and Wenhui, armored cavalrymen Xilian and Guiqi, stipend soldier Changhai, and company soldier Rongxi.
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安定門有筆帖式增俊，馬甲立貴、長慶、德閏、盧檢貴、恩壽、德平、長存、松祿、趙俊雙、恆山、莊立、玉明、劉殿臣、長壽、榮桂、合海、袁明林、楊有春、文愈、文茂、文毓、連順、施彬、文福、王玉鳳、線長海、全英、煜祥、鍾銘、傅合、連升、馬玉和，養育兵恩緒、奎元、二立、文浩，閒散清聯、德謙，武生長緒。
At Andingmen were Clerk Zengjun, armored cavalrymen Ligui, Changqing, Derun, Lu Jiangui, Enshou, Deping, Changcun, Songlu, Zhao Junshuang, Hengshan, Zhuangli, Yuming, Liu Dianchen, Changshou, Ronggui, Hehai, Yuan Minglin, Yang Youchun, Wenyu, Wenmao, Wenyu, Lianshun, Shibin, Wenfu, Wang Yufeng, Xian Changhai, Quanying, Yuxiang, Zhongming, Fuhe, Liansheng, and Ma Yuhe, stipend soldiers Enxu, Kuiyuan, Erli, and Wenhao, idle bannermen Qinglian and Deqian, and military licentiate Changxu.
17
齊化門有護軍校連瑞。
At Qihuamen was Guard Captain Lianrui.
18
西直門有養育兵烏什哈，閒散全桂。
At Xizhimen were stipend soldier Wushiha and idle bannerman Quangui.
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阜成門有敖爾布鍾珊。
At Fuchengmen were Ao'erbu and Zhongshan.
20
永定門有閒散長泰、玉泰、春祥。
At Yongdingmen were idle bannermen Changtai, Yutai, and Chunxiang.
21
正陽門有閒散清林、奎連、德勝。
At Zhengyangmen were idle bannermen Qinglin, Kuilian, and Desheng.
22
宣武門有砲甲林廣明，藍翎長祥瑞，領催常連、景緒，馬甲榮福、崇善、德斌、全順、定保、榮慶、維明，砲手慶煥，養育兵松長，閒散英緒、續順、崇海。
At Xuanwumen were Artillery Armorer Lin Guangming, Blue-Tassel Chief Xiangrui, squad leaders Changlian and Jingxu, armored cavalrymen Rongfu, Chongshan, Debin, Quanshun, Dingbao, Rongqing, and Weiming, gunner Qinghuan, stipend soldier Songchang, and idle bannermen Yingxu, Xushun, and Chonghai.
23
大清門有前鋒玉興。
At Daqingmen was vanguard Yuxing.
24
天安門有護軍參領玉山，副護軍參領雙福，護軍校花連布，侍衛潤志，前鋒岐俊，護軍永壽、文瑞、瑞升、承通、林安、玉慶、春喜、祥林、松桂、永壽、文祿、常升、常海、松惠、海全、桂升、雙壽。
At Tian'anmen were Guard Commandant Yushan, Deputy Guard Commandant Shuangfu, Guard Captain Hualianbu, bodyguard Runzhi, vanguard Qijun, and guards Yongshou, Wenrui, Ruisheng, Chengtong, Lin'an, Yuqing, Chunxi, Xianglin, Songgui, Wenlu, Changsheng, Changhai, Songhui, Haiquan, Guisheng, and Shuangshou.
25
午門有副護軍參領鳳齡，前鋒崇祥、桂豐，護軍玉壽、德凱。
At the Meridian Gate were Deputy Guard Commandant Fengling, vanguards Chongxiang and Guifeng, and guards Yushou and Dekai.
26
東安門有公中佐領松壽，步軍校文通，領催延壽。
At Dong'anmen were Common Associate Commandant Songshou, Infantry Captain Wentong, and squad leader Yanshou.
27
東華門有副護軍參領長年，副令官英寬，藍翎長富升，隊官玉昌，護軍恩秀、奎英、成光、忠明、貴慶、昆連、松群、玉山、阿杭阿、玉壽、恩秀、奎俊、成英、文廣、托克托虎、常山、廣慶、希拉布、他克布、連德，馬甲長山，養育兵存山，閒散德元，技勇兵全貴。
At Donghuamen were Deputy Guard Commandant Changnian, Deputy Order Officer Yingkuan, Blue-Tassel Chief Fusheng, Company Officer Yuchang, guards Enxiu, Kuiying, Chengguang, Zhongming, Guiqing, Kunlian, Songqun, Yushan, Ahang'a, Yushou, Kuijun, Chengying, Wenguang, Toketohu, Changshan, Guangqing, Xilabu, Takebu, and Liande, armored cavalryman Changshan, stipend soldier Cunshan, idle bannerman Deyuan, and skilled brave Quangui.
28
西安門有養育兵永順、德福。
At Xi'anmen were stipend soldiers Yongshun and Defu.
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西華門有馬甲春明。
At Xihuamen was armored cavalryman Chunming.
30
地安門有虎神營營總昆明，副護軍參領恆謙，護軍營管理祥瑞，護軍隊官凌魁，隊長彥祿，護軍常瑞、薩圖布、永安、常山、雙壽、興斌，馬甲文海、福山，養育兵崇恩、全苓、順喜、閒散德祥。
At Di'anmen were Tiger Spirit Camp Commander Kunming, Deputy Guard Commandant Hengqian, guard camp manager Xiangrui, Guard Company Officer Lingkui, squad leader Yanlu, guards Changrui, Satubu, Yong'an, Changshan, Shuangshou, and Xingbin, armored cavalrymen Wenhai and Fushan, stipend soldiers Chong'en, Quanling, and Shunxi, and idle bannerman Dexiang.
31
紫禁城內有護軍參領海忠，親軍校文玉。
Inside the Forbidden City were Guard Commandant Haizhong and Personal Guard Captain Wenyu.
32
守陴者有世管佐領德潤，馬甲錫秀。
Those who defended the ramparts included Hereditary Associate Commandant Derun and armored cavalryman Xixiu.
33
巷戰者有驍騎校多倫布，藍翎長德英額、雙貴，前鋒鳳玉、希拉奔、崇安、文英、榮昆，護軍德玉、崇貴、崇福、崇興，領催鶴鳴，馬甲雙福、長海、慶裕、桂保、長升、恩立、興岱、存桂、常泰，養育兵英厚、文志、德成、俊成，幼丁元成、全祥、世增、烏凌阿、廣林、廣俊、松廕、松祺、松立、延尉、成明、廣瑞，閒散全順、頤霈、多山、慶祿，外委王文志、聞廷標、王灝、高玉、常存，百總郭立奎，管隊張海、金松林，把總王洪銘，馬兵彭玉恩、全祥，戰兵李逢春、戴永福、彭玉堂、孟祿，守兵王政樞、劉永安、季茂軒，砲甲祥通，砲手白萬泰。
Those who fell in street fighting included Brave Cavalry Captain Duolunbu, Blue-Tassel Chiefs Deyinge and Shuanggui, vanguards Fengyu, Xilaben, Chong'an, Wenying, and Rongkun, guards Deyu, Chonggui, Chongfu, and Chongxing, squad leader Heming, armored cavalrymen Shuangfu, Changhai, Qingyu, Guibao, Changsheng, Enli, Xingdai, Cungui, and Changtai, stipend soldiers Yinghou, Wenzhi, Decheng, and Juncheng, youths Yuancheng, Quanxiang, Shizeng, Wuling'a, Guanglin, Guangjun, Songyin, Songqi, Songli, Yanwei, Chengming, and Guangrui, idle bannermen Quanshun, Yipei, Duoshan, and Qinglu, sub-officers Wang Wenzhi, Wen Tingbiao, Wang Hao, Gao Yu, and Changcun, Centurion Guo Likui, detachment leaders Zhang Hai and Jin Songlin, Platoon Commander Wang Hongming, cavalrymen Peng Yu'en and Quanxiang, combat soldiers Li Fengchun, Dai Yongfu, Peng Yutang, and Meng Lu, garrison soldiers Wang Zhengshu, Liu Yong'an, and Ji Maoxuan, Artillery Armorer Xiangtong, and gunner Bai Wantai.
34
死事者：寧壽宮員外郎誠年、筆帖式福臻在內值宿，七月二十一日巳刻，聞兩宮西狩，即赴各殿封鎖，至斂禧門外值房投井死。 太廟五品官富亮，值班上香，洋兵突進，拒之，槍死。 織工張繼福，在綺華館被戕。 左營參將王長廕守署不去，以獨力難持，投井死。 護軍連升值班端門； 護軍崇連，神機營呈遞公事步軍校賡音布、常福、勝喜，領催雙喜，馬甲存林、恩明，外委孫國瑞，技勇兵常有、隆祥、萬昭，均在廳值班； 領催榮鈐，養育兵定成，隊兵布興泰，均看守軍庫； 南城正指揮項同壽，在署辦公； 戶部書吏高世祥，總理衙門供事沈鵬儀、徐伯興、洪瑞汶，均在署值班，與於難。
Among those who died in service were Ningshou Palace Vice Director Chengnian and Clerk Fuzhen, who were on night duty inside the palace. On the twenty-first day of the seventh month, at the si hour, upon hearing that the emperor and empress dowager had fled west, they went at once to seal the palace halls and then cast themselves into a well at the duty room outside the Gate of Accumulated Joy. Fuliang, a fifth-rank officer of the Imperial Ancestral Temple who was on duty to offer incense, resisted when foreign troops burst in and was shot dead. The weaver Zhang Jifu was slain at the Qihua Pavilion. Brigade General Wang Changyin of the Left Camp refused to abandon his headquarters; seeing that he could not hold out alone, he threw himself into a well and died. Guard Liansheng was on duty at Duanmen; Guard Chonglian, Shenji Camp Infantry Captains Gengyinbu, Changfu, and Shengxi who handled official dispatches, squad leader Shuangxi, armored cavalrymen Cunlin and Enming, sub-officer Sun Guorui, and skilled braves Changyou, Longxiang, and Wanzhao were all on hall duty; squad leader Rongqian, stipend soldier Dingcheng, and company soldier Buxingtai were guarding the arsenal; South City Chief Commander Xiang Tongshou was at his office; Ministry of Revenue clerk Gao Shixiang and Zongli Yamen attendants Shen Pengyi, Xu Boxing, and Hong Ruiwen were all on duty at their offices and perished in the disaster.
35
在先陣亡者：把總李鍾山，外委李鍾林，七月十七日，在張家灣禦敵，不克，死。
Those who had fallen earlier included Platoon Commander Li Zhongshan and sub-officer Li Zhonglin, who on the seventeenth day of the seventh month fought the enemy at Zhangjiawan, were defeated, and died.
36
先後被難者：游擊王燮，五月二十五日在東便門彈壓拳匪，被戕，並毀其屍； 采育營部司楊光第，於閏八月二十九日聞洋兵至，衣冠坐營中，被槍死； 把總張進志擁護同死。
Among those who perished in the turmoil were Brigade Commander Wang Xie, who on the twenty-fifth day of the fifth month suppressed Boxers at Dongbianmen, was killed, and his body was mutilated; Caiyu Camp department officer Yang Guangdi, on the twenty-ninth day of the intercalary eighth month upon hearing that foreign troops had arrived, sat in full official dress in the camp and was shot dead; Platoon Commander Zhang Jinzhi shielded him and died at his side.
37
均經留京辦事大臣崑岡上聞，贈卹有差。
Kungang, the minister left in Beijing to manage affairs, reported all of them to the throne, and posthumous honors and pensions were granted in varying degrees.
38
崇壽，溫徹亨氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人。 光緒十六年進士，入翰林，累擢翰林院侍讀。 變作時，不勝憂憤，仰藥死。 詔以「見危授命」褒之，諡文貞。
Chongshou, a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner and member of the Wencheheng clan, passed the jinshi examination in Guangxu 16, entered the Hanlin Academy, and rose in succession to Hanlin reader. When the crisis broke out he was overcome with grief and indignation and took poison to die. An edict praised him with the words "he met peril and gave his life," and he was granted the posthumous title Wenzhen.
39
韓紹徽，字筱珊，貴州貴陽人。 光緒二十年進士，授主事，分刑部，勤於所職。 拳亂初起，嘗走同官，涕泣誓身殉。 七月二十一日，自經於陝西司司堂。
Han Shaohui, styled Xiaoshan, was from Guiyang in Guizhou. He passed the jinshi examination in Guangxu 20, was appointed a director in the Ministry of Punishments, and was diligent in his work. When the Boxer uprising first broke out he went among his colleagues in tears, vowing to die for the dynasty. On the twenty-first day of the seventh month he hanged himself in the main hall of the Shaanxi Bureau.
40
掌江西道御史韓培森，巡城積勞，城破，絕食死。 內閣中書堃厚，手書「見危授命」四字，與妻同縊死。
Supervising Censor Han Peisen of the Jiangxi circuit, worn out by long service patrolling the walls, starved himself to death when the city fell. Grand Secretariat Secretary Kun Hou wrote with his own hand the four characters "meeting peril, giving one's life," and hanged himself together with his wife.
41
馬鍾祺，字維春，隸漢軍鑲黃旗。 少為諸生，以襲一等子，例不得與試，授三等侍衛，擢二等，有文武才。 初服膺陸、王之學，繼參以程、硃、張、呂，不主一家。 為人伉爽有奇氣，慕孫白谷之為人，好與朝野賢士遊，與語或不合，輒哦詩亂之，以此得狂名。 光緒二十年，日本爭朝鮮，廷議出師，鍾祺上書請自效，遂從戎奉天。 盛京將軍依克唐阿器之，使統鎮邊馬隊。 會和議定，遂歸。 二十五年，李秉衡奉旨巡視長江，親訪於家，疏請從行。 拳匪禍作，冒鋒火而北，秉衡殉難，鍾祺護其喪歸。 歸三日，京師破，鍾祺自縊死。 著五倫大義、馬氏日記若干卷。
Ma Zhongqi, styled Weichun, belonged to the Hanjun Bordered Yellow Banner. In his youth he was a licentiate; having inherited a first-class viscountcy he was barred by regulation from the examinations, was appointed a third-rank bodyguard, was promoted to the second rank, and possessed both literary and military ability. He first embraced the learning of Lu Xiangshan and Wang Yangming, then drew also on Cheng Yi, Zhu Xi, Zhang Zai, and Lü Dalin, and did not commit himself to any one school alone. He was forthright and spirited, admired the character of Sun Baigu, loved the company of worthy men in and out of office, and when talk did not suit him would break into verse to disrupt it, for which he gained a reputation as a eccentric. In Guangxu 20, when Japan pressed its claim over Korea and the court debated dispatching troops, Zhongqi submitted a memorial offering his service and went to war in Fengtian. Shengjing General Yiketang'a recognized his talent and put him in command of the border cavalry. When peace was concluded he returned home. In the twenty-fifth year Li Bingheng was ordered to inspect the Yangzi, called on him at home, and memorialized the throne to take him along. When the Boxer disaster erupted he braved the fighting to go north; after Bingheng died in service Zhongqi escorted his coffin home. Three days after his return the capital fell, and Zhongqi hanged himself. He left several volumes, including The Great Meaning of the Five Relationships and the Ma Family Diary.
42
候選縣丞董瀚，於城破日與弟候補巡檢徵曰：「我等職雖微末，既讀聖賢書，惟有以身殉國而已。」 同時自縊。
Candidate Assistant Magistrate Dong Han said to his younger brother, candidate sub-prefectural inspector Zheng, on the day the city fell: "Though our offices are humble, having read the sages we can do nothing but give our lives for the state." They hanged themselves together.
43
涿州附生譚昌祺，聞城陷，懷藥哭諸聖廟，仰藥死。
Tan Changqi, a government student of Zhuozhou, upon hearing that the city had fallen took poison with him, wept at the Confucian temple, and died by swallowing it.
44
舉人莊禮本，留京讀書。 拳匪初起，即以為憂。 洋兵入城，痛哭不食，後以一慟而絕。
Provincial Graduate Zhuang Liben had remained in the capital to study. From the first rise of the Boxers he was deeply troubled. When foreign troops entered the city he wept bitterly and refused food, and later died in a single paroxysm of grief.
45
州同銜馮福疇，在通州署辦刑名事。 七月十六日，敵入署，守護案牘，不屈，被戕。
Feng Fuchou, who held the rank of sub-prefect, was handling criminal cases at the Tongzhou yamen. On the sixteenth day of the seventh month the enemy entered the yamen; he defended the archives, refused to yield, and was slain.
46
東城司吏目、練勇局委員宮玉森，洋兵攻局，其女請避，怒投其女於井，拔刀出戰。 傷數處，自知不免，亦投井死。
Gong Yusen, sub-prefectural inspector of the Eastern City and commissioner of the drill corps, when foreign troops attacked the bureau and his daughter begged to flee, angrily cast her into a well, drew his sword, and went out to fight. Wounded in several places and knowing he could not escape, he too cast himself into the well and died.
47
時同被難者，為原品休緻禮部侍郎景善，前奉天府尹福裕，蒙古副都統耆齡，前察哈爾副都統明秀，冠軍使文琭，工科給事中恩順，刑部郎中汪以莊，兵部員外郎薩德賀、趙寶書，吏部主事鍾傑，戶部主事陶見曾、李慕、鐵山，刑部主事毛煥樞、王者馨，工部主事白慶、恆昌，理籓院主事英順，光祿寺署丞多文，國子監助教柏山，候選道鄭錫敞，前紹興府知府繼恩，分省知縣王朝鐀等，見冊報者千餘人。
Those who perished at the same time included former Vice President of Rites Jingshan, who had retired at his original rank, former Metropolitan Prefect of Shuntian Fuyu, Mongol Lieutenant General Qiling, former Chahar Lieutenant General Mingxiu, Champion Commissioner Wen Yu, Supervising Secretary Enshun of the Ministry of Works, Director Wang Yizhuang of the Ministry of Punishments, Vice Directors Sadehe and Zhao Baoshu of the Ministry of War, Secretary Zhong Jie of the Ministry of Personnel, Secretaries Tao Jianzeng, Li Mu, and Tieshan of the Ministry of Revenue, Secretaries Mao Huanshu and Wang Zhexin of the Ministry of Punishments, Secretaries Bai Qing and Hengchang of the Ministry of Works, Lifanyuan Secretary Yingshun, Acting Vice Director Duowen of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, National University Assistant Instructor Baishan, Candidate Circuit Intendant Zheng Xichang, former Prefect of Shaoxing Ji'en, Provincial Magistrate Wang Chaojiong, and others; more than a thousand names appear in the official registers.
48
全家焚溺服毒自經以盡節者眾，騎都尉候選員外郎陳鑾，住東便門二閘，於七月十九日洋人攻城，勢急，與諸弟率眷屬僕婢三十二名，一時自盡，尤為慘烈雲。
Many families died together by fire, drowning, poison, or hanging to preserve their honor. Chen Luan, a cavalry commandant and candidate vice director who lived at the second lock of Dongbianmen, on the nineteenth day of the seventh month, as foreign troops pressed the assault, led his brothers, dependents, and servants—thirty-two people in all—to take their lives together at once, a death regarded as especially tragic.
49
宋春華，字實菴，陝西三原人。 光緒十二年武進士，授藍翎侍衛。 出為天津鎮標右營守備，與士卒共甘苦，所部為天津綠營冠。 聯軍內犯，總督裕祿檄春華守城南門。 城東南製造軍械所不守，春華集其眾曰：「軍械所存亡，天津生死系之。 不奪歸不可，膽勇者盍隨吾出城！」 皆應曰：「諾！」 率百餘人夜半潛出，及庫垣，春華先登，眾隨之。 槍中春華左股，眾欲退，春華負創大呼曰：「今夕之事，有進無退！」 眾爭奪敵，死傷甚眾，卒以守堅，退歸城。 已而敵兵日集，守土官多棄城走，春華慨語其妻陳曰：「城孤兵單，終恐不守。 汝當以吾子出求生，吾誓與城存亡矣！」 語畢，登陴督戰不少息。 城既陷，身被數傷，猶死守不退。 或勸少避，春華曰：「城不守，死自吾分。 汝曹各有父母妻子，歸可也，俱死無益！」 眾感其義，無退者。 敵畢登城，乃仰天歎曰：「吾志不遂，負國恩矣！ 然自接戰以來，殺敵過當，今日之死，亦無所恨。」 以首觸陴，腦出，死，年三十五。
Song Chunhua, styled Shian, was from Sanyuan in Shaanxi. He passed the military jinshi examination in Guangxu 12 and was appointed a blue-tassel bodyguard. He was posted as garrison commander of the Right Battalion of the Tianjin Brigade, shared hardship and comfort with his men, and his unit was counted the best in the Tianjin Green Standard Army. When the allied armies advanced inland, Governor Yulu ordered Chunhua to defend the south gate. The ordnance factory southeast of the city was left undefended; Chunhua assembled his men and said, "Whether the arsenal stands or falls is a matter of life and death for Tianjin. We must retake it; let the brave follow me out of the city!" All answered, "Yes!" He led more than a hundred men out under cover of night; at the depot wall Chunhua climbed first and his men followed. A bullet struck Chunhua in the left thigh; his men wanted to pull back, but he, wounded, shouted, "Tonight we advance—we do not retreat!" His men fought to seize the position; casualties were heavy, and in the end, as the defenders held firm, they withdrew back inside the walls. Before long the enemy gathered in strength, and many local officials abandoned the city and fled. Chunhua said earnestly to his wife Lady Chen, "The city is isolated and our forces are few; I fear in the end we cannot hold it. You must take our son and flee to safety; I swear to live or die with this city!" When he had finished speaking he mounted the walls and directed the fighting without pause. After the city fell he was wounded many times yet still held his ground and would not yield. Some urged him to pull back slightly; Chunhua said, "If the city cannot be held, death is my portion alone. You all have parents, wives, and children—you may withdraw; to die together would serve no purpose!" His men were moved by his example, and none retreated. When the enemy had fully taken the wall he looked up to heaven and sighed, "My purpose is unfulfilled; I have failed the grace of the state! Yet since the fighting began I have killed more than my share of the enemy; in dying today I have no regret." He dashed his head against the parapet; his brains burst forth, and he died at the age of thirty-five.
50
馬福祿，字壽三，甘肅河州人。 光緒六年武進士，用衛守備，歸河南鎮標，以終養告歸。 二十年，循化撒拉回族以爭教叛，固原提督雷正綰檄福祿往崔家峽、樊家峽協防，戰輒勝。 河、湟回匪繼起，复助官兵獲大捷。 累功至記名總兵。
Ma Fulu, styled Shousan, was from Hezhou in Gansu. He passed the military jinshi examination in Guangxu 6, was appointed a garrison commandant, returned to the Henan Brigade, and later retired to observe mourning for his parents. In Guangxu 20 the Salar Muslims of Xunhua rebelled over a religious dispute; Provincial Commander Lei Zhengkuan of Guyuan ordered Fulu to help defend Cuijia Gorge and Fanjia Gorge, and he won every engagement. When Muslim rebels rose in succession along the He and Huang rivers, he again helped the government forces win a major victory. Through accumulated merit he rose to brevet major general.
51
二十一年，河州諸回變，福祿本回教，回以福祿助官軍，欲加害。 福祿在城，人亦以回教為疑，獨正綰信之。 時河州鎮總兵湯彥和遠駐起乍堡，命福祿率騎兵迎入河州城鎮之，彥和猶豫不果行，叛回週七十乃糾眾據山巔下擊。 福祿戰二日，以失地利無功。 彥和復潛走，軍無統帥，賊益蹙之。 福祿乃突圍出南番境，至蘭州乞師。 沿路拔出難民數千，難民德之，狀總督楊昌濬，昌濬以福祿孚眾望，乃檄與蘭州道黃雲由北路援河州。 時喀什噶爾提督董福祥奉旨赴甘肅協剿，由狄道進兵。 福祿率師至蓮花渡，與賊隔岸相持，為福祥軍犄角，卒解河州圍。 時韓文秀亦作亂，河湟提督李培榮、總兵牛師韓軍失利，陝西巡撫魏光燾與福祥會白塔寺，議進兵。 福祿入謁，陳亂事顛末，及前後戰狀，福祥奇之，檄剿叛回冶主麻於米拉溝。 剿未盡，馬營土豪馬采哥應之，福祥部將石堯臣等告敗，福祿復分道往援，首先陷陣，斬採哥，聚而殲之。 冶主麻收餘燼由黑山趨米拉，復還兵破之，斬無算，用是有驍將名。
In the twenty-first year the Muslims of Hezhou rebelled. Fulu was himself a Muslim, and because he aided the government forces the rebels sought to kill him. Fulu remained in the city, and others also suspected him because of his faith; only Zhengkuan trusted him. At the time Major General Tang Yanhe of the Hezhou Brigade was encamped far away at Qizhabao. He ordered Fulu to lead cavalry to escort him into Hezhou and restore order, but Yanhe hesitated and never came. The rebel leader Zhou Qishi then rallied his followers on the heights and attacked from above. Fulu fought for two days but, having lost the advantage of terrain, gained nothing. Yanhe again slipped away in secret; the army was left without a commander, and the rebels pressed them harder still. Fulu then broke through the encirclement into the southern frontier and went to Lanzhou to seek reinforcements. Along the way he rescued several thousand refugees, who were grateful and petitioned Governor Yang Changjun. Yang, seeing that Fulu enjoyed the people's trust, ordered him and Lanzhou Circuit Intendant Huang Yun to relieve Hezhou by the northern route. At the time Kashgar Commander Dong Fuxiang was ordered to Gansu to assist in the suppression and advanced by way of Didao. Fulu led his troops to Lianhua Ford and faced the rebels across the river, forming a pincer with Fuxiang's army and ultimately lifting the siege of Hezhou. At the time Han Wenxiu also rebelled; Provincial Commander Li Peirong of the He-Huang region and Major General Niu Shihan suffered defeat; Shaanxi Governor Wei Guangtao met Fuxiang at Baita Temple to plan the advance. Fulu presented himself, recounted the course of the rebellion and the battles fought, and Fuxiang was impressed. He ordered him to suppress the rebel Yezhuma at Mila Gorge. Before the campaign was finished the local strongman Ma Caige of Macamp rose in support; Fuxiang's generals Shi Yaochan and others reported defeat. Fulu again divided his forces to reinforce them, was first to break the enemy line, beheaded Caige, and annihilated the rebel band. Yezhuma gathered the remnants of his force and moved from Heishan toward Mila; Fulu turned back, defeated him, and slew untold numbers. From this he gained a reputation as a fierce general.
52
拳匪倡亂，福祥奉旨入都，檄福祿統馬步七營、旗防山海關，尋移永平府，福祥入衛京師，檄隨行。 五月，各國聯軍躪楊村而西，偕漢中鎮總兵姚旺等赴黃村御之。 抵廊坊，兩軍相接，乃令騎兵下設七覆，步兵張兩翼，敵近始發槍，倒者如僕牆。 敵彈落如雨，騎兵以散處少傷，兩翼左右复包抄其後，短兵相接，敵不支，遽卻，為庚子之役第一惡戰。 六月，福祥檄令攻使館，中彈歿於陣，猶子耀圖、兆圖亦死，同殉者百餘人。
When the Boxers rose in rebellion, Fuxiang was ordered to the capital and directed Fulu to command seven battalions of horse and foot to guard Shanhaiguan. He was soon transferred to Yongping Prefecture, and when Fuxiang entered the capital to guard it he ordered Fulu to accompany him. In the fifth month the allied armies overran Yangcun and advanced west; he went with Hanzhong Brigade Major General Yao Wang and others to Huangcun to resist them. At Langfang the two armies met. He ordered the cavalry to dismount and form seven ranks in depth, the infantry to extend both wings, and muskets to fire only when the enemy drew near; the fallen lay like a toppled wall. Enemy bullets fell like rain; the cavalry, being dispersed, suffered few casualties; both wings then wheeled to envelop the enemy's rear. At close quarters the enemy gave way and quickly withdrew. This was the first fierce battle of the Boxer War of 1900. In the sixth month Fuxiang ordered an assault on the legation quarter; Fulu was struck by a bullet and died in battle, his nephews Yaotu and Zhaotu also perished, and more than a hundred died with them.
53
楊福同，直隸清苑人。 同治七年，投軍，累擢游擊，從討朝陽教匪。 嗣以副將駐營大名，專力緝捕，以功記名總兵，分統練軍左翼馬隊，兼統天津馬步隊各營。 近畿拳匪蜂起，淶水尤甚，總督裕祿檄福同率隊往。 至史家莊，伏匪邀擊，力御之，擒數人。 次日，又敗匪於石亭鎮，擒首要梁修。 福同不忍多誅，令限日解散，留馬隊三十人鎮之。 無何，匪以千餘眾攻留隊，福同率步兵數十馳援。 將及石亭，群匪自溝中突出，白刃交下，創甚，猶格殺數人，力盡死之。 從弁孫裕清、盧興璠俱力戰死，賜卹如例。
Yang Futong was from Qingyuan in Zhili. In Tongzhi 7 he joined the army, rose in succession to brigade commander, and took part in the campaign against the Chaoyang sect rebels. Later, as deputy general he was stationed at Daming and devoted himself to pursuit and arrest. By merit he was brevetted major general, placed in command of the left-wing cavalry of the drill army, and given overall command of the various horse and foot battalions at Tianjin. Boxers swarmed up around the capital, especially in Laishui; Governor Yulu ordered Futong to lead a detachment there. At Shijiazhuang ambushing bandits attacked him; he fought them off forcefully and captured several men. The next day he defeated the bandits again at Shiting Town and captured the ringleader Liang Xiu. Futong was unwilling to execute many; he ordered them to disperse within a set time and left thirty cavalrymen to keep order. Before long more than a thousand bandits attacked the remaining detachment; Futong led several dozen infantrymen to their relief. As he neared Shiting the bandits burst from the ditches; blades rained down on him. Though badly wounded he still killed several men in hand-to-hand fighting and died when his strength gave out. His aides Sun Yuqing and Lu Xingfan also fought to the death; pensions were granted according to regulation.
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吳德潚，字筱村，四川達縣人。 性至孝。 博極群書，以進士用知縣。 庚子年，任浙江，西安、北京拳亂起，江山縣土匪以仇教為名，連陷江山、常山，縣人咸欲應之，德潚謂北事未定，洋人必不宜殲。 有羅楠者，素健訟，德潚嘗嚴懲之，久含恨。 結都司週之德，挾眾指德潚袒洋教，劫德潚縛道署轅門，盡鑷鬚髮，以利刃攢刺，洞腹死，德潚罵不絕口。 子仲韜馳哭屍下，又殺之，併入縣署殺全家四十餘口。 事定，卹如例。
Wu Desi, styled Xiaocun, was from Daxian in Sichuan. He was profoundly filial by nature. He mastered the classics and, as a jinshi, was appointed magistrate. In the gengzi year he was serving in Zhejiang when the Boxer uprising broke out in Xi'an and Beijing. Bandits in Jiangshan County, claiming to oppose foreign religion, seized Jiangshan and Changshan in succession, and the local people wished to join them. Desi said the northern crisis was not settled and that foreigners must not be exterminated. A man named Luo Nan, who was skilled at litigation, had once been severely punished by Desi and had long harbored a grudge. He joined Commandant Zhou Zhide, led a mob to accuse Desi of favoring foreign religion, seized him and bound him at the gate of the circuit yamen, plucked out his beard and hair, stabbed him repeatedly until his belly was pierced through, and killed him; Desi cursed without cease. His son Zhongtao rushed to weep over the body and was also killed; they then entered the county yamen and slaughtered the entire family of more than forty people. When order was restored, pensions were granted according to regulation.
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成肇麟，江蘇華亭人。 父孺，諸生，列儒林傳。 肇麟由舉人官直隸知縣，遷直隸州知州，署滄州靜海，補靈壽，所至有績。 光緒二十七年，京師和議梗，聯軍西上，覃及邑境，責供牲畜糗糧甚厲，肇麟壹弗應。 俄而布政使廷雍檄至，令迎犒，肇麟自念：「不迎犒，無以全民命； 迎犒，則以中國臣子助攻君父； 事處兩難，守土之義無可避，惟有一死耳！」 乃繕遺牒遣人間道達府，媵之以詩曰：「屈體全民命，捐軀表素懷。」 李鴻章狀死事以上，謂其能伸大義，降敕褒嘉，贈太僕寺卿，諡恭恪，予世職。 明年，允直督請，建直隸省城專祠。
Cheng Zhaolin was from Huating in Jiangsu. His father Ru was a licentiate recorded in the Forest of Scholars. Zhaolin entered office as a provincial graduate and served as magistrate in Zhili, was transferred to prefect of Zhili Department, acted as magistrate of Jinghai in Cangzhou, and was appointed to Lingshou; wherever he served he achieved distinction. In Guangxu 27 peace talks in the capital stalled, the allied armies advanced west, and the turmoil reached his district. They demanded livestock and provisions with great severity, and Zhaolin refused entirely. Soon a dispatch arrived from Provincial Administration Commissioner Ting Yong ordering him to welcome and supply the allied troops. Zhaolin reflected, "If I do not welcome and supply them, I cannot save the lives of the people; yet if I welcome and supply them, as a subject of China I would be aiding an attack on my sovereign and father; the matter is impossible either way; the duty of one who holds the land cannot be evaded—there is only death!" He drafted a final memorial and sent a man by a secret route to the prefecture, appending a poem: "Bending my person to save the people's lives, giving my body to express my steadfast heart." Li Hongzhang memorialized his death to the throne, saying that he had upheld the great principle. An edict praised and rewarded him, posthumously appointing him Vice President of the Court of the Imperial Stud, granting the posthumous title Gongke, and conferring a hereditary office. The following year, at the request of the governor-general of Zhili, a special shrine was built for him in the provincial capital.