1
韋守官妻梁，長清人。 明季飢，女未行，從父流轉河南，婢於富室。 及笄，主為擇婿，梁泣言幼嘗受韋氏聘，死，不敢別嫁。 主使求得守官，守官迎以歸。 已而守官卒，家人欲使別嫁，樑自沉大清河，救，不死。 乃自治棺，曰：「有欲娶我，以此畀之！」 家人不復言。 寇亂，匿棺以免。 順治二年，師南行，過其村，梁懼，積薪於戶下，舉火，乃入棺，自焚死。
Liang was the wife of Wei Shouguan, from Changqing. During the famine at the close of the Ming, before she had married, she followed her father to Henan and was indentured as a servant in a rich family. When she reached marriageable age, her master sought a match for her, but Liang tearfully declared that she had been betrothed to the Wei clan as a child and that, even if her betrothed died, she could not marry anyone else. The master sent men to find Wei Shouguan, who came and brought her home as his bride. Soon afterward Shouguan died. When the family tried to marry her off again, Liang drowned herself in the Daqing River but was rescued and survived. She then had a coffin made for herself, saying, "Whoever wants to marry me may have this!" Her family never raised the matter again. When bandits ravaged the region, she hid the coffin so it would not be destroyed. In the second year of Shunzhi, as the Qing army marched south through her village, Liang piled firewood at her doorway, set it ablaze, climbed into her coffin, and burned herself to death.
2
歸昭妻陸，弟繼登妻張，昭，崑山人； 陸、張皆太倉人。 昭仕明為監紀，順治二年，死揚州； 繼登為教諭，長興民亂，戕焉。 二婦未得問。 崑山兵起，舅姑避於鄉，舟迎二婦，二婦不果行。 師至，城閉，城西砲如雷。 二婦夜登樓，環坐諸兒女酌酒，戒積薪樓下，城破則縱火。 一老僕進，謂城破當兵衝，慮不及死，城北比丘尼故與主母善，菴後有池，倉卒可得死，從之。 城破，兵掠菴，張入池，陸視其女，一卒前犯，陸力拒，被二矛，僕，又亂箠之，乃絕。 張以水淺，不即死。 兵去，潛視陸，陸亦蘇，乃與尼共掖起之。 兵復至，張輒避諸池，一卒索得張，欲執以去，張力拒，見殺。 陸創重卒。
Gui Zhao's wife Lu and his younger brother Jideng's wife Zhang were involved; Zhao was a native of Kunshan; Lu and Zhang were both from Taicang. Zhao had served the Ming as an inspector of discipline and died at Yangzhou in the second year of Shunzhi; Jideng was a district instructor; when the people of Changxing rebelled, he was slain. The two widows could learn nothing of their husbands' fate. When fighting broke out in Kunshan, their parents-in-law fled to the countryside and sent a boat for the two daughters-in-law, but they refused to leave. The Qing army arrived and sealed the city; west of the walls the cannon fire rolled like thunder. That night the two women went up to a tower, gathered the children around them, poured wine, and instructed that firewood be stacked below so that when the city fell they could set it ablaze. An old servant urged that once the walls were breached the main streets would be overrun and death might come too late; he knew a nun north of the city who had been close to their mother-in-law, and behind her convent was a pond where they could die quickly, and they went with him. When the city fell, soldiers looted the convent. Zhang entered the pond. Lu was watching her daughter when a soldier advanced to assault her; she fought him off fiercely, was pierced by two spears and knocked down, then beaten to death with clubs. The water was too shallow for Zhang to drown at once. After the soldiers withdrew, Zhang found that Lu too had revived, and together with the nun they helped her to her feet. The soldiers came back. Zhang kept diving into the pond, but a soldier found her and tried to drag her away; she fought him with all her might and was killed. Lu, grievously wounded, died as well.
3
羅仁美妻李，仁美，揚州人，失其縣； 李，龍遊人。 家揚州廣儲門。 師下揚州，李方娠，積薪所居樓下，呼諸婦曰：「原死者共死，毋辱！」 於是姒劉、仁美妾梅、李，前室女宦姑及諸婦，從李登樓，凡十二人。 呼婢菊花舉火，前室子哭，從李俱上，李顧見，啟牖呼仁美，擲兒下。 仁美負母手挈兒，哭出巷，回首，見黑煙出瓦隙，火合樓摧，聞屧聲沸火中。 仁美行，遇兵，僅得脫。 兵去，發樓燼，拾殘骼，惟菊花遺肢衣可辨。 乃叢葬十三人西華門外。
Luo Renmei's wife Li: Renmei was from Yangzhou, though his native district is not recorded; Li was from Longyou. They lived at Guangchu Gate in Yangzhou. When the Qing army entered Yangzhou, Li was pregnant. She stacked firewood under their house and called to the women, "Whoever is willing to die, let us die together—let us not be shamed!" Then Sister-in-law Liu, Renmei's concubine Mei, Li herself, the former wife's daughter Guangu, and the other women followed Li upstairs—twelve in all. She told the maid Juhua to light the fire. The former wife's son wept and tried to follow Li upstairs; she looked back, opened the window, called to Renmei, and cast the boy down to him. Renmei bore his mother on his back, took the child by the hand, and fled down the lane in tears. Looking back, he saw black smoke pouring through the roof tiles; the fire merged and the building collapsed, and he heard what sounded like pattering footsteps churning in the blaze. On the road Renmei met soldiers and barely escaped with his life. After the soldiers withdrew, they sifted the ruins and collected the charred remains; only scraps of Juhua's clothing could be recognized. The thirteen victims were buried together in a common grave outside Xihua Gate.
4
同時錢應式女淑賢，丹徒人。 聞城破，數自殺，未絕。 雨甚，門外萬馬聲，比屋殺人，火四起。 淑賢以紙漬水塞口鼻，持父手壅其氣，父手悸不能舉，又解衣帶，強母使縊。 母哭走，出，聞足擊床閣閣，入視，已絕。
About the same time, Qian Yingshi's daughter Shuxian, of Dantu, hearing that the city had fallen, attempted suicide several times without success. Rain poured down. Outside the gate came the thunder of countless hooves; neighbors were slaughtered house by house, and fires broke out everywhere. Shuxian stuffed wet paper into her nose and mouth, seized her father's hand to smother him, but his hand shook and would not stay put; she then loosened her belt and forced her mother to hang herself. Her mother wept and fled. When she went out she heard feet drumming on the bedstead; she went back in and found Shuxian already dead.
5
王氏三女，金壇人。 其二為同產，其一為群從姊妹，年皆十六七，以王師下江南，諸州縣盜群起，王氏避長蕩湖。 晝延緣葦間，夜復其居。 一日，盜至，劫三女子，縛置筏上。 三女子號泣跌蕩，筏覆，三女子死焉，賊十數輩亦溺。 明日，屍浮水上，縛盡弛，三女子攜手，發相縻。 亂中無棺，得故篋三重以斂，墓於湖濱，墓木枝蘗皆三，相樛。
The Wang family's three daughters were from Jintan. Two were full sisters and one a cousin; all were sixteen or seventeen. When the Qing armies entered Jiangnan and bandits rose throughout the region, the family fled to Lake Changdang. By day they hid among the reeds; by night they returned to their shelter. One day robbers came, seized the three girls, bound them, and put them on a raft. The girls wept and thrashed until the raft capsized; all three drowned, and more than ten of the bandits went down with them. The next day their bodies floated to the surface. Their bonds had come undone, and the three lay hand in hand, their hair intertwined. With no coffins to be had in the chaos, they buried the girls in three old chests by the lakeshore; every sprig on the grave mounds grew in threes, twined together.
6
沈華區妻潘，海寧人，居硤石。 順治二年六月，舉人周宗彝起兵硤石。 八月望，師宵乘北關破之，華區與潘皆被俘。 過南市橋，潘睨水欲自沉，華區密止之，曰：「汝死，兵且殺我！」 潘乃語兵：「我從汝去，原得釋我夫。」 兵釋華區，驅潘入舟，舟行十八里，至王店。 水次，觀者方集，潘忽躍起，曰：「我硤石沈華區妻，義不任受辱！」 奮入水。 兵驚，捽其發出水，潘力自沉，發斷，係以纟墨，益力自沉，纆絕，如是三，兵以刃舂其喉，遂死。 師中有裨將歎其烈，出千錢為斂。
Shen Huaqu's wife Pan was from Haining and lived at Xiashi. In the sixth month of the second year of Shunzhi, the licentiate Zhou Zongyi raised a force at Xiashi. On the fifteenth night of the eighth month the Qing army stormed Beiguan by night and broke the rebels; Huaqu and Pan were both captured. As they crossed South Market Bridge, Pan looked at the water and tried to throw herself in. Huaqu quietly restrained her, saying, "If you die, the soldiers will kill me!" Pan then told the soldiers, "I will go with you if you release my husband." They released Huaqu, forced Pan into a boat, and after eighteen li reached Wangdian. A crowd had gathered at the landing. Pan suddenly sprang up and cried, "I am Shen Huaqu's wife of Xiashi—I will not live in dishonor!" She flung herself into the water. The soldiers seized her by the hair and hauled her out. She fought to sink with all her strength; her hair tore away. They bound her with silk cord, and she fought harder still; the cord broke. Three times this happened before a soldier drove a blade into her throat and killed her. A lieutenant in the army, moved by her fortitude, donated a thousand cash for her burial.
7
陳某妻伍，華亭人。 師下松江，陳家璜溪，兵至，斧陳首，伍奔救，兵捨其夫而縶之。 伍曰：「毋縛我，我從汝去！」 將登舟，躍入溪，死。
Wu, wife of a man surnamed Chen, was from Huating. When the Qing army reached Songjiang, the Chens were at Huangxi. Soldiers came and struck off Chen's head with an axe. Wu rushed to save him; the soldiers abandoned her husband's body and seized her instead. Wu said, "Do not tie me up—I will go with you!" As she was about to board the boat, she leapt into the creek and drowned.
8
當時死於溪者，諸生孫諤妻顧、徽州商孫氏之媼。
Others who died in the creek at that time included Gu, wife of the student Sun E, and an old woman of the Sun merchant family from Huizhou.
9
洪志達妻葉，歙人。 順治二年，徽州初定，盜賊所在多有，志達偕葉避兵淳安鄭家村。 明年二月，村人譁言兵至，志達與葉倉皇走，匿草中，遊騎過，自草中曳葉出。 志達習拳勇有力，踴自草中，奮擊一騎，僕，眾騎拔刀赴志達。 志達徒手與鬥，眾騎且僕且起，環射之，矢中志達目，貫腦死。 葉抱屍慟，眾騎挾之行，葉輟哭。 馬行漸緩，度懸崖，葉曰：「勿持我急，我自能乘。」 賊信之，遂縱馬向崖，眾騎自後從之，葉自馬上擲崖下，死。 淳安人言其死且為神，為之祠焉。
Hong Zhida's wife Ye was from She county. In the second year of Shunzhi, Huizhou had only just been pacified, yet bandits were still rampant; Zhida and Ye fled together to Zhengjia Village in Chun'an. The next year, in the second month, villagers shouted that troops were approaching. Zhida and Ye fled in panic and hid in the tall grass, but passing horsemen dragged Ye out. Zhida had trained in boxing and was powerful. He sprang from the grass and struck down one rider, but the others drew their swords and closed on him. He fought them empty-handed as they knocked him down again and again. They ringed him and shot; an arrow struck him in the eye and pierced through to his brain, and he died. Ye embraced his body and wailed. The horsemen seized her and rode off; she stopped crying. As the horse slowed on a cliff path, Ye said, "Do not grip me so tightly—I can ride on my own." They believed her and slackened their hold. She spurred the horse toward the precipice; when the riders followed from behind, she threw herself from the saddle over the cliff and died. The people of Chun'an said that in death she became a spirit, and they erected a shrine in her honor.
10
羅章袞妻杜，群聘妻田，淳化人。 群聘，章袞從子也，皆早卒。 順治三年，寇至，城破，杜指牆間井，語養女淑明、淑儀曰：「此吾曹死所也！」 遂入井。 淑明、淑儀相向哭，從之下。 田與杜連牆居，聞哭，呼其女優姐，亦趨井死。
Luo Zhanggun's wife Du and Qunpin's wife Tian were from Chunhua. Qunpin was Zhanggun's nephew; both husbands had died young. In the third year of Shunzhi, raiders came and the city fell. Du pointed to a well in the courtyard and told her adopted daughters Shuming and Shuyi, "This is where we die!" She went into the well. Shuming and Shuyi wept face to face and followed her in. Tian lived next door to Du. Hearing the cries, she called her daughter Youjie, who also ran to the well and died.
11
先一年，縣兵譟變，章袞侄女竇芳墮樓死，竇芳有從姊雁珠，明崇禎間死寇，竇芳方在娠，其母夢雁珠偕一女至，謂唐奉天竇烈女也，故命曰竇芳。 既長，嫁三原房大猷。 其死後雁珠十七年，俱以正月十五日死，死時年俱十八，鄉人合前後稱「七烈」。
The year before, when county troops mutinied, Zhanggun's niece Dou Fang fell from a tower to her death. Dou Fang had a cousin Yanzhen who had died fighting bandits in the Chongzhen reign. While Dou Fang was still in the womb, her mother dreamed that Yanzhen came with a girl and said she was the Dou Lienü who sacrificed herself for the Tang at Fengtian, and so the child was named Dou Fang. When she grew up, she married Fang Dayou of Sanyuan. Seventeen years after Yanzhen's death, both died on the fifteenth day of the first month, each at eighteen; the villagers collectively honored the seven as the "Seven Martyrs."
12
王磐千妻顏，江西安福人。 順治三年，遇寇，紾其臂索賄，顏詫曰：「此手乃為賊執耶？」 投水死。
Wang Panqian's wife Yan was from Anfu in Jiangxi. In the third year of Shunzhi they encountered bandits who twisted her arm demanding money. Yan cried in outrage, "Is this hand to be held by robbers?" She threw herself into the water and drowned.
13
何大封妻阮，無為人，早寡。 有授物誤觸其手者，引刀斷指，血濺尺許。
He Dafeng's wife Ruan was from Wuwei and had been widowed young. When someone handing her an object accidentally brushed her hand, she took a knife and severed her finger; blood spattered more than a foot away.
14
方希文妻項，名淑美，淳安人。 順治三年，明潰師掠縣，希文攜家避兵西坑。 以妾子病，謁醫。 兵驟至，縱火。 火將及，婢請項出避，項曰：「出，死於兵； 不出，死於火。 死同，死火不辱。 若能死，則從； 不能，亟出！」 希文故有藏書，項積書左右，坐其中，火及，書燼，項殉焉。
Fang Xiwen's wife Xiang, called Shumei, was from Chun'an. In the third year of Shunzhi, routed Ming soldiers plundered the county. Xiwen led his family to Xikeng to escape the fighting. Because his concubine's child was ill, he went to fetch a physician. Soldiers suddenly appeared and set fires. As the flames drew near, a maid urged Xiang to flee. Xiang said, "If we leave, we die at the soldiers' hands; if we stay, we die in the fire. Death is the same either way, but to die by fire is not shameful. If you are ready to die, then stay with me; if not, leave at once!" Xiwen kept a library of books. Xiang heaped books around her and sat in their midst. When the fire reached her, the books burned to ash and Xiang perished with them.
15
廖愈達妻李，妾汪、張，泰宁人。 李讀書通大義，教二妾章句。 愈達從外歸，聞李疏「仁」字，教二妾，語諄諄。 愈達入而笑，李正色曰：「志士仁人，有殺身以成仁，毋求生以害仁！」 順治三年，愈達將妻妾避兵，或傳崇禎十七年京師破時，檢討汪偉與其妻耿殉國事，李以告二妾，相持而哭。 師漸逼，愈達與妻妾夜走南石砦，師至，攻砦，愈達率妻妾避砦口。 或呼師自砦後入，李即從砦口展手投崖下。 愈達挈二妾匿岩石中，搜山兵至，張亦投崖死。 愈達出金遣兵去，汪堅持愈達衣，伏其後，頃之，遙見師中出裨將，硃纓窄袖，指揮從卒巡山。 汪大哭曰：「君善自保！」 亦投崖，激於石，身裂若支解。 師退，愈達及諸同避砦中者皆得脫。
Liao Yuda's wife Li and his concubines Wang and Zhang were from Taining. Li was well read and understood the larger moral principles; she taught both concubines to read classical passages. When Yuda came home from abroad, he heard Li lecturing the two concubines on the character ren, "benevolence," her words earnest and unhurried. Yuda came in and laughed. Li said gravely, "The man of noble resolve gives his life to fulfill benevolence—he does not save his life at the cost of benevolence!" In the third year of Shunzhi, as Yuda prepared to flee with his wife and concubines, word came that when Beijing fell in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, the reviser Wang Wei and his wife Geng had died for the dynasty. Li told the two concubines, and they clung to one another weeping. As the Qing army closed in, Yuda fled with his wife and concubines by night to South Stone Fort. When the army came and assaulted the fort, he led them toward the entrance. Someone cried that troops were entering from the rear. Li at once spread her arms at the fort mouth and cast herself from the cliff. Yuda led the two concubines into hiding among the rocks. When search parties came, Zhang too cast herself from the cliff and died. Yuda paid the soldiers to leave. Wang gripped his robe and hid behind him. Soon they saw a lieutenant in vermilion tassel and narrow sleeves emerge from the camp, directing men to search the hills. Wang burst into tears and cried, "My lord, preserve yourself!" She too threw herself from the cliff. She struck the rocks and her body was shattered as if cut apart. When the army withdrew, Yuda and everyone who had sheltered in the fort escaped.
16
葉芊妻謝，寧都人。 六年冬十月，明將揭重熙等以師赴南昌，駐寧都兵掠得謝，部曲將悅其色，問家世，謝從容具以對，因乞得沐浴，部曲將許之，遂入室，以鬀鬢刀自揕其喉，死。
Ye Qian's wife Xie was from Ningdu. In the tenth month of winter in the sixth year, Ming generals including Jie Chongxi marched on Nanchang and encamped at Ningdu. Plundering soldiers seized Xie. An officer, taken with her beauty, asked her lineage; she answered calmly and begged leave to bathe. When he granted it, she went inside and stabbed her throat with a razor knife and died.
17
姚文璚妻劉，名滿，福清人。 文璚鬻香於市，順治三年，海寇至，索錢無所得，截文璚首去。 滿舁屍還，舐血縛布綴於頸，斂畢，乃言曰：「我恨不能手刃賊，獨以死報君。」 首觸棺，僕，久之，甦，請以兄公子為後，盡鬻衣珥營葬。 越三年，清明上塚，歸，屑金咽之，死。
Yao Wenjing's wife Liu, called Man, was from Fuqing. Wenjing sold incense in the marketplace. In the third year of Shunzhi, sea bandits came; when he had no money to give them, they struck off his head and carried it away. Man bore the body home, licked the blood from the wound, and bound cloth around his neck for burial. When it was done she said, "I regret that I could not kill those bandits myself—I can only repay my husband with my life." She dashed her head against the coffin and collapsed. After a long while she revived, arranged for her brother's son to be heir, and sold every piece of jewelry and clothing to pay for the burial. Three years later, on the grave-sweeping festival she visited his tomb. Returning home, she swallowed powdered gold and died.
18
毛翼順妻陳，亦福清人。 順治四年，翼順死於寇，舁屍還，血溢於鼻，陳舐血，斂畢，不食七日，自經。
Mao Yishun's wife Chen was also from Fuqing. In the fourth year of Shunzhi, Yishun was killed by bandits. When his body was brought home, blood still flowed from his nose; Chen licked it. After the burial she fasted seven days and hanged herself.
19
王三接妻黃，曹縣人。 三接官汾西知縣，黃侍姑田家居。 順治五年，李化鯨亂，破城，姑、婦皆被執。 黃語賊曰：「釋我姑，我與金帛，惟爾欲！」 賊釋其姑，黃度姑行遠，乃罵曰：「吾家清白吏，安有厚藏？ 吾名家女，命婦，豈肯從賊？ 有死而已！」 賊磔之。
Wang Sanjie's wife Huang was from Caoxian. Sanjie served as magistrate of Fenxi while Huang stayed home caring for her mother-in-law Tian. In the fifth year of Shunzhi, Li Huajing rebelled and stormed the city. Mother-in-law and daughter-in-law were both taken. Huang told the bandits, "Let my mother-in-law go, and I will give you gold and silk—take whatever you want!" The bandits released the older woman. When Huang judged her mother-in-law was far enough away, she cursed them: "Our family has always been upright officials—what hoards do you imagine we have? I am a daughter of a distinguished house, a wife of rank—how could I submit to bandits? I have nothing but death!" The bandits tore her limb from limb.
20
當時為賊殺者，劉琰妻邢等九人； 投水死者，王躋聖妻韓等七人。
Among those slain by the bandits were Xing, wife of Liu Yan, and eight others; those who drowned themselves included Han, wife of Wang Jisheng, and six others.
21
程顯妻硃，新建人，明宗室女也。 以其侄為子婦。 順治五年，金聲桓為亂，顯自南昌將家人入山，道遇兵相失。 或傳顯已死，硃謂子婦：「翁死，吾不獨生，汝奈何？」 婦曰：「死耳！」 硃縊樹上，已絕，兵救之，甦，复觸樹死。 婦亦起觸樹，兵前持婦，婦齧其指，奪刀自剄死。
Cheng Xian's wife Zhu was from Xinjian and a daughter of the Ming imperial house. She had taken her nephew's wife as her own daughter-in-law. In the fifth year of Shunzhi, Jin Shengwan rose in rebellion. Xian led his family from Nanchang into the hills and was separated from them on the road. Rumor spread that Xian was dead. Zhu said to her daughter-in-law, "Your father-in-law is dead—I will not live alone. What of you?" The younger woman said, "Death, of course!" Zhu hanged herself on a tree. Soldiers cut her down and revived her; she struck the tree again and died. The daughter-in-law too rose to dash herself against the tree. Soldiers seized her; she bit their fingers, snatched a blade, and cut her own throat.
22
劉元鏜妻吳，妾硃，南昌人。 元鏜亦將家人避兵，兵及，棄抱中兒道旁《廣則》而走，吳伏溝草。 硃為兵得，縶以行，經溪，躍，縶絕，兵斫其頰，死。 吳出草，行數十武，遇鄰媼，脫簪求扶持。 兵復至，吳握發仰天號曰：「夫邪子邪！ 吾其死邪！」 兵挾刃逐之，行赴陂死。
Liu Yuanyong's wife Wu and concubine Zhu were from Nanchang. Yuanyong too fled with his family. When soldiers came he set down the child he was carrying at Guangze and ran; Wu hid in grass along a ditch. Zhu was captured and led away. At a stream she leapt in; her bonds snapped, but the soldiers slashed her cheek and killed her. Wu emerged and had gone only a few dozen paces when she met a neighbor. She took out her hairpin and begged to be helped along. The soldiers returned. Wu clutched her hair and wailed to heaven, "My husband! My child! Am I to die as well?" Soldiers with blades chased her. She ran to a pond and drowned.
23
是役諸女婦死者至眾，靖安舒調熙妻硃，救夫； 豐城熊嗣蕃妻胡，及從子有恆妻沈，從夫救舅：皆死。 而新建徐文璠妻硃，割乳斷首； 進賢胡永益妻胡，刃出背：死尤烈。
In that campaign countless women perished. Zhu, wife of Shu Tiaoxi of Jing'an, died saving her husband; Hu, wife of Xiong Sifan of Fengcheng, and Shen, wife of his nephew Youheng, followed their husbands to rescue a father-in-law—all died. Zhu, wife of Xu Wenlin of Xinjian, cut off her own breast and severed her head; Hu, wife of Hu Yongyi of Jinxian, was run through from behind—their deaths were especially terrible.
24
應氏婦，鄞人。 貧行乞。 順治六年，海寇至，匿郭東廟。 寇欲汙之，堅不從。 既仍偽諾，出廟，將入井，寇复牽以入，終號泣不就，死亂刃。
A woman of the Ying clan was from Yin. She was poor and lived by begging. In the sixth year of Shunzhi, sea bandits came and she hid in Guodong Temple. They meant to violate her; she steadfastly refused. She feigned consent, left the temple, and was about to throw herself into a well when they dragged her back. She wept and resisted to the end and was hacked to death.
25
平陽婦，不知其姓氏。 順治七年，姜瓖亂，為其徒所掠，過定州唐城村，刺血題詩於壁，並為序自述，略言：「明月在天，清水在旁。 得自盡於此，上不媿父母，次不慚婿，庶幾與水同清，與月同明。」 遂自經死。
A woman of Pingyang—her surname is not recorded. In the seventh year of Shunzhi, during Jiang Xiang's rebellion, she was seized by his men. At Tangcheng Village in Dingzhou she wrote a poem in blood on a wall, with a preface that read in part: "The bright moon hangs in heaven; clear water lies beside me. To die here—I am not ashamed before my parents above nor before my husband below; may I be as pure as the water and as bright as the moon." She then hanged herself.
26
殷壯猷妻李，豐潤人。 順治中，壯猷為臨藍參將。 十一年，孫可望攻臨藍，壯猷築城以守，圍久不解，出戰，死。 李以印畀次子質，揮使出避，而與長子文自剄死。
Yin Zhuangyou's wife Li was from Fengrun. During the Shunzhi reign Zhuangyou served as deputy commander at Linlan. In the eleventh year Sun Kewang besieged Linlan. Zhuangyou fortified the city and held out until, sallying forth, he was killed. Li handed the official seal to her second son Zhi, sent the steward away to safety, and with her eldest son Wen cut her own throat.
27
楊昌文妻袁，安義人，或曰建昌人。 順治間兵亂，父母迎袁歸，袁不可，曰：「棄姑避兵，不義。」 兵至，伏地請死，斫數刃去。 家人歸，努目問：「姑無恙乎？」 曰「無恙」，乃瞑。
Yang Changwen's wife Yuan was from Anyi, though some say Jianchang. During the disorders of Shunzhi her parents came to fetch her home. Yuan refused, saying, "To abandon my mother-in-law and flee would be wrong." When soldiers came she threw herself to the ground and begged them to kill her. They hacked her many times and left. When her family returned, she fixed them with a stare and asked, "Is my mother-in-law unharmed?" Told she was safe, she closed her eyes and died.
28
諶日昇妻陳，高安人。 順治間，金聲桓亂，為兵掠挾上馬，力拒，中八刃，剖心斷脰刳孕死。
Chen Risheng's wife Chen was from Gao'an. During Jin Shengwan's rebellion in Shunzhi, soldiers seized her and forced her onto a horse. She fought them off, took eight blade wounds, had her heart cut out, her neck severed, and her pregnant belly opened—she died.
29
陳某妻萬，萬縣人。 康熙間，譚弘亂，被執，殺其懷中子。 萬詭言家有藏鏹，賊使其徒從以往，過懸崖，奮起，擠賊墮，亦自投死。
Wan, wife of a man surnamed Chen, was from Wan county. In the Kangxi reign Tan Hong rebelled. She was captured and they killed the child in her arms. Wan claimed there was buried treasure at home and led bandits to a cliff, then suddenly shoved them over the edge and threw herself after them.
30
林應雒妻莫，梁學謙女，吳師讓妻某，黃某妻李，皆新會人。 應雒、學謙、師讓皆諸生。 順治十一年，明將李定國攻新會，城守閱八月，食盡，殺人馬為食。 莫代姑，梁女年十一代父，黃、李代夫，皆死。 李之死，兵持首還其夫，使葬焉。
Mo, wife of Lin Yingluo; a daughter of the Liang family; the wife of Wu Shirang; Li, wife of a certain Huang—all were from Xinhui. Yingluo, Liang Xueqian, and Shirang were all licentiates. In the eleventh year of Shunzhi the Ming general Li Dingguo besieged Xinhui. The city held eight months until food ran out and they ate horse and human flesh. Mo died in her mother-in-law's stead; Liang's eleven-year-old daughter died in her father's place; Huang's wife and Li died in their husbands' places. When Li died the soldiers brought her head to her husband and ordered him to bury it.
31
文秉世妻梁，鬱林人。 李定國掠州，梁為兵掠，迫上馬。 梁哭，據地罵，兵殺之。 越二日，秉世得其屍，目未瞑也。
Wen Bingshi's wife Liang was from Yulin. When Li Dingguo ravaged the region, soldiers seized Liang and forced her onto a horse. She wept, clung to the ground, and cursed them until they killed her. Two days later Bingshi recovered her body; her eyes were still open.
32
文氏女兆祥，文樞妻陸，灌陽人。 定國兵至，姑嫂避火星山箐中，兵入，自殺。
Wen Zhaoxiang, daughter of the Wen family, and Lu, wife of Wen Shu, were from Guanyang. When Dingguo's army came, the two women fled to a ravine on Huoxing Mountain. When soldiers entered, they killed themselves.
33
何氏女，昭平人。 是歲師逐定國，避兵思庇衝。 或迫之，死。
A daughter of the He family was from Zhaoping. That year, as the Qing army pursued Dingguo, she fled to Sibichong. When men threatened her, she died.
34
王氏三女：長亥娘，次竹姑，次酉娘，博白農家女。 康熙十九年，避寇宴石岩，寇攻岩，姊妹皆投崖死。
The Wang family's three daughters—the eldest Hai'niang, the second Zhugu, the third You'niang—were peasant girls of Bobai. In the nineteenth year of Kangxi they fled bandits to Yanshi Rock. When bandits stormed the cliff, all three sisters leapt to their deaths.
35
陳心俊妻馬，伏羌人。 年十九，寡。 順治初，流寇據城，其渠聞馬有色，遣人強致之。 馬居樓上，揮雜器物擲樓下，厲聲叱其人曰：「白若渠，欲強污我，惟有頭可斷耳！」 渠聞，亦愕曰：「烈婦！ 烈婦！」 卒得免。
Chen Xinjun's wife Ma was from Fuxiang. She was widowed at nineteen. Early in Shunzhi, bandits held the city. Their chief, hearing Ma was beautiful, sent men to take her by force. Ma barricaded herself upstairs, hurled whatever she could find at them, and shouted, "Tell your chief—if he wants me by force, he may have only my head!" The chief heard and exclaimed in wonder, "A woman of iron! A martyr! In the end she was left unharmed.
36
郭俊清女蓮姑，巴州人。 嘉慶二年九月，教匪破城，掠以去，女罵不絕。 賊褫其衣，罵愈厲，殺之，書其背曰「烈女屍」。
Lian'gu, daughter of Guo Junqing, was from Bazhou. In the ninth month of the second year of Jiaqing, religious rebels stormed the city and carried her off. She cursed them without pause. They stripped her; she cursed all the more fiercely and was killed. On her back they wrote, "Corpse of a martyr."
37
張問行妻楊，秦州人。 同治間回亂，破其堡。 楊遣三子行，持廚刀倚扉罵賊，賊剺其口至耳際，罵猶不已，遂死。 賊舉扉掩其屍，書其上曰：「此張監生妻楊烈婦，毋損其屍。」
Zhang Wenxing's wife Yang was from Qinzhou. During the Muslim rebellion of Tongzhi her fortified village fell. Yang sent her three sons away, took up a kitchen knife, and leaning in the doorway cursed the rebels. They slashed her mouth to her ears; she still cursed until they killed her. The rebels lifted the door to cover her body and wrote on it, "This is Yang, martyr wife of Student Zhang—do not harm this corpse."
38
張聯標妾傅，泰順人。 聯標為羅陽知縣，傅從，年方笄。 山寇破縣，被執。 賊渠令其徒百方誘之，不從。 一夕，擁至渠所，諸賊執刀夾左右，怵以死，終不屈，乃縊殺之。
Fu, concubine of Zhang Lianbiao, was from Taishun. Lianbiao was magistrate of Luoyang; Fu went with him, still a young girl. Mountain bandits stormed the county and seized her. Their chief had his men try every means to seduce her; she would not yield. One night they brought her to the chief. Bandits flanked her with blades and threatened death, but she would not yield, and they strangled her.
39
林乾妻程，漳浦人。 有殊色。 康熙元年，縣有劉暢者，為盜馬婆山。 掠程至，將★之，不從。 使他婦惎之曰：「我曹已至此，即完節，誰復能信？」 程曰：「吾自行吾志，非求人信，豈能效汝曹無恥耶！」 暢殺之。
Lin Qian's wife Cheng was from Zhangpu. She was exceptionally beautiful. In the first year of Kangxi a man of the county named Liu Chang turned bandit at Mapo Mountain. They seized Cheng and meant to violate her; she refused. Another captive woman taunted her: "We are already here—even if you keep your virtue intact, who will believe you?" Cheng said, "I act on my own conscience, not for others' approval. Would I imitate your shamelessness?" Chang killed her.
40
楊應鶚妾佟，奉天人。 應鶚官貴陽同知，吳三桂叛，檄署官，應鶚力拒，乃置諸順寧。 師將入滇，郭壯圖使殺之。 應鶚罵使者。 佟曰：「大丈夫當毅然引決，無戀戀如兒女子！ 我請為公先，不使公遺憾。」 遂縊，應鶚亦縊。
Yang Yinghe's concubine Tong was from Fengtian. Yinghe served as Guiyang subprefect. When Wu Sangui rebelled and offered him office, he refused and was confined at Shunning. As the Qing army prepared to enter Yunnan, Guo Zhuangtu had him executed. Yinghe cursed the messenger. Tong said, "A true man should die decisively—do not cling to life like a child! Let me go first, so you have no regret." She hanged herself, and Yinghe hanged himself too.
41
黃居中妻吳，居中失其里貫； 吳豐順人，廣東饒平鎮總兵六奇女也。 康熙中，居中為蒼梧教諭。 十三年，孫延齡叛，梧州戍兵應之，入其室，吳曰：「封疆之事，固知非若曹所能，若曹其俘我乎？ 我將待之！」 奮擊，殺二人，自伏劍死。
Huang Juzhong's wife Wu: Juzhong's birthplace is not recorded; Wu was from Fengshun, daughter of Wu Liuqi, regional commander of Raoping in Guangdong. During Kangxi, Juzhong was district instructor at Cangwu. In the thirteenth year Sun Yanling rebelled. Wuzhou garrison troops mutinied and entered their quarters. Wu said, "Frontier affairs are beyond the likes of you. Do you mean to take me prisoner? I shall wait!" She fought fiercely, killed two men, then fell on her sword and died.
42
胡守謙妻黃，閩人。 守謙武舉。 當耿精忠叛，守謙投書城外，言賊必敗，狀為守者所收，送郊外殺之。 黃請代，不許。 乃求得守謙首，綴於屍。 葬畢，自具棺衾，飲藥死。
Hu Shouqian's wife Huang was a Fujian native. Shouqian held a military licentiate degree. When Geng Jingzhong rebelled, Shouqian sent a letter beyond the walls predicting rebel defeat. Guards seized it and had him killed outside the city. Huang begged to die in his stead; they refused. She recovered his head and joined it to the corpse. After burial she prepared her own coffin and shroud, took poison, and died.
43
沈棠妻俞，莆田人。 年十八，美。 耿精忠兵至，執俞，並及棠。 俞計脫棠，乃抗賊。 賊威以刃，就刃； 迫以火，赴火； 幽之，遂自縊，賊磔其屍。
Shen Tang's wife Yu was from Putian. At eighteen she was beautiful. When Geng Jingzhong's soldiers came they seized both Yu and Tang. Yu schemed to free Tang and defied the rebels. They threatened her with blades; she pressed herself to the blade; they threatened fire; she threw herself into the fire; they imprisoned her, and she hanged herself; the rebels dismembered her body.
44
同時福清陳得棟妻蔣，陳雲元妻週，皆為賊磔。 莆田林振先妻鄭支解，永安黃尾四妻鄭刳孕，貴溪傅護妻薛剖腹，臟腑盡出。
About the same time in Fuqing, Jiang wife of Chen Dedong and Zhou wife of Chen Yun'yuan were also dismembered by rebels. In Putian, Zheng wife of Lin Zhenxian was hacked apart; in Yong'an, Zheng wife of Huang Weisi was disemboweled while pregnant; in Guixi, Xue wife of Fu Hu was cut open and her bowels removed.
45
汪二蛟母徐，妻戴，開化人。 康熙十三年，耿精忠兵入浙江境，開化陷，二蛟及母、妻行避賊。 賊至，縛二蛟，驅其母、妻以行。 行過大澤，戴厲聲曰：「得死所矣！」 徐應曰：「待我！」 賊持戴袖，戴絕袖，抱子自投澤中，徐與俱下。 二蛟大呼，縛盡絕，亦赴水死。
Xu, mother of Wang Erjiao, and Dai his wife, were from Kaihua. In Kangxi 13, Geng Jingzhong's army entered Zhejiang and Kaihua fell. Erjiao fled with his mother and wife. Bandits bound Erjiao and drove his mother and wife before them. Crossing a great marsh, Dai cried, "Here is our place to die!" Xu called, "Wait for me!" A bandit gripped Dai's sleeve; she tore free, clasped her child, and plunged into the marsh; Xu followed. Erjiao shouted; his bonds snapped and he too drowned.
46
後二年，開化复陷，劉章壽妻徐，為賊渠所得，置樓上，令兩卒為守。 婦陽謂守者：「事已至此，幸語若主，欲婚我，當具禮。」 卒告渠，渠盛服佩刀上，婦迎坐，解刀置案上。 复陽言：「奈何不為我具衣飾？」 渠諾而下，婦取刀弄之，拔出鞘，忽引自刺。 守者前奪刀，婦揮刀斷其臂，遂自剄，渠裂其屍。
Two years later Kaihua fell again. Xu, wife of Liu Zhangshou, was taken by a rebel chief and locked upstairs under guard. She feigned compliance: "Tell your chief that if he wants me as wife, he must observe proper rites." They told the chief, who came up richly dressed with a sword. She seated him and laid the sword aside. She pretended again, "Why have you not brought me proper dress and ornaments?" He agreed and descended. She drew the sword and suddenly stabbed herself. Guards seized at the blade; she hacked off one's arm, then cut her throat; the chief dismembered her body.
47
黃嘉文妻蔡，名慧奴，黃岩人。 康熙十三年，耿精忠之徒陷黃岩，明年，師复黃岩，以黃岩民嘗麗賊，俘焉。 蔡及其子女屬杭州駐防將，將艷蔡，欲以為子婦。 九月壬申，將召蔡喻指，蔡取壁間刀自剄死，將投其屍於江。 時軍中得俘輒責金贖，嘉文方求金杭州，至，則蔡已死，乃贖子女還。 蔡父行求蔡屍，十二月丙子，風作，江潮湧，蔡屍乃出，距蔡死九十有九日。 嘉文還，言子女得贖正同日。
Huang Jiawen's wife Cai, called Huinu, was from Huangyan. In Kangxi 13, Geng Jingzhong's men took Huangyan. The next year the Qing recovered it and took the townspeople captive for having sided with the rebels. Cai and her children were assigned to the Hangzhou garrison general, who coveted her beauty and wished her for his son. On the ninth month's renshen day he summoned her; she took a wall-knife and cut her throat. The general threw her body in the river. Captives were ransomed for gold. Jiawen was in Hangzhou raising money when she died; he redeemed the children and returned. Her father searched for her body. On the twelfth month's bingzi day a wind rose, the tide surged, and her corpse appeared—ninety-nine days after her death. Jiawen returned saying the children's ransom had been completed that very day.
48
徐明英妻吳，名宗愛，字絳雪，永康人。 宗愛幼慧，九歲通音律，十餘歲即能詩，善寫生，間作設色山水。 明英卒。 康熙十三年，耿精忠將徐尚朝攻處州，略金華。 六月，遊兵至永康。 尚朝嘗官浙東，聞宗愛才色，乃使脅宗愛族人，求宗愛，勢洶洶。 宗愛乃曰：「未亡人終一死耳，行矣，復何言！」 賊遣迎宗愛，以兩騎翼宗愛行。 至三十里坑，宗愛紿騎取飲，投崖死。 宗愛二女兄皆能詩，而宗愛尤工，所著詩二卷。
Xu Mingying's wife Wu, called Zong'ai, style Jiangxue, was from Yongkang. Clever from childhood, at nine she mastered music; in her teens she wrote poetry, painted from life, and sometimes landscapes in color. Mingying died. In Kangxi 13, Geng Jingzhong's general Xu Shangchao attacked Chuzhou and overran Jinhua. In the sixth month raiders reached Yongkang. Shangchao had once served in eastern Zhejiang. Hearing of Zong'ai's beauty and talent, he threatened her kin to hand her over. Zong'ai said, "A widow has only death ahead—go on, what is left to say!" Rebels sent escorts; two horsemen rode on either side of her. At Thirty-Li Pit she tricked them into fetching water and leapt from the cliff. Both elder sisters wrote poetry, but Zong'ai excelled; her poems filled two scrolls.
49
長清嶺烈婦，不知其氏，諸暨人。 康熙十三年，盜硃德甫佔縣紫閬山為亂，吏發兵討之，婦見掠，與其並縶。 婦好謂兵：「吾既被獲，復何言？ 吾夫祗此子，請俟其追至，以子歸之，吾從汝去耳。」 行至長清嶺，其夫奔而至，婦復請以子授其夫。 度父子行已遠，自擲崖下死。
The martyr of Changqing Ridge—her surname unknown—was from Zhuji. In Kangxi 13 the bandit Zhu Defu seized Purple Canopy Mountain and rebelled. Troops were sent; she was seized with others. She said calmly to the soldiers, "I am already taken—what more need be said? My husband has only this child—wait until he comes, let me give the boy to him, then I will go with you." At Changqing Ridge her husband caught up; she handed him the child. When father and son were far enough away, she leapt from the cliff.
50
韓昌有妻李，秦州人。 康熙十四年六月，遇寇，李負幼子，行遲，為賊及。 李批賊頰罵，賊刃之七創，項未殊。 昌有舁之歸，夜而蘇，謂昌有曰：「必葬我松下！」 又七日乃絕，昌有葬之松下。
Han Changyou's wife Li was from Qinzhou. In the sixth month of Kangxi 14 they met bandits. Li carried an infant, fell behind, and was caught. She struck a bandit's face and cursed; they cut her seven times but failed to sever her neck. Changyou bore her home. That night she revived and said, "Bury me under the pine!" Seven days later she died; he buried her there.
51
馬雄鎮妻李，雄鎮自有傳，李不知其里貫。 雄鎮為廣西巡撫，孫延齡反，遣子世濟如京師告變，旋見執，幽四歲。 康熙十六年，吳世琮攻殺延齡，遂戕雄鎮及其二子。 李及妾顧、劉，女子子二，世濟妻董，妾苗，同日死。 雄鎮初見執，置其孥別室，妾趙及世濟子一、女三皆以飢寒死。 於是雄鎮二女相要同死，妾顧亦原從。 及雄鎮見執，守者梯垣以告，二女謂顧：「今日當踐約。」 為繯於梁，語顧曰：「夫人諸母行，宜位於中，雖顛沛，不可失序。」 顧曰：「我妾也，又無出，何敢與諸母齒？」 再讓，乃先縊，幼女年十五，弱，手不勝綆，久之，環不就，呼曰：「姊助我！」 長女年十八，應曰：「妹怖死耶？ 吾助妹！」 已，皆縊。 董先二女縊，綆再絕，再僕地，傷額及足，三縊乃絕。 苗與劉后二女縊，李視諸人皆死，曰：「姑婦子女，皆幸不辱身，我無憾矣！」 乃亦縊。
Ma Xiongzhen's wife Li: Xiongzhen has a separate biography; Li's birthplace is unknown. Xiongzhen was Guangxi governor. Sun Yanling rebelled; Xiongzhen sent his son Shiji to report it, but was seized and held four years. In Kangxi 16 Wu Shijiong killed Yanling, then slew Xiongzhen and his two sons. Li, concubines Gu and Liu, two daughters, Shiji's wife Dong, and concubine Miao all died that day. When he was first seized his family was confined apart; concubine Zhao and Shiji's son and three daughters died of cold and hunger. His two daughters resolved to die together; concubine Gu wished to join them. When word came that Xiongzhen was taken, the daughters told Gu, "Today we fulfill our vow." They fixed nooses and told Gu, "You are senior to us—take the center place; even in chaos, order must hold." Gu said, "I am a childless concubine—how dare I stand with the mistresses?" After twice yielding she went first. The younger, fifteen and weak, could not manage the noose and cried, "Sister, help me!" The elder, eighteen, answered, "Are you afraid, little sister? I will help you!" Soon all were dead. Dong went before the daughters; the rope broke twice; on the third attempt she died. Miao and Liu followed. Li, seeing all dead, said, "Mother, daughters, daughters-in-law—all unstained; I am content!" She too hanged herself.
52
顧，名荃，字芬若，豐潤人，能詩畫。
Gu, named Quan, style Fenruo, from Fengrun, wrote poetry and painted.
53
沈瑞妻鄭，瑞附見其從祖志祥傳。 鄭父斌事鄭錦，私署禮官，蓋亦錦族。 瑞嗣封續順公，駐潮州。 錦兵破潮州，送瑞台灣，時瑞年十五，斌蓋以此時婿瑞。 居數年，錦部有傅為霖者謀為反間，事泄，辭連瑞，錦系瑞及其孥，而以鄭歸斌。 鄭泣謂斌曰：「兒既歸沈氏，生死與共！ 請遣兒同系。」 斌使處於別室。 及瑞將死，問：「夫人安在？」 或以告，解帶使訣鄭，鄭遂自經。
Zheng, wife of Shen Rui, is treated in the biography of his grand-uncle Zhixiang. Her father Bin served Zheng Jing as ritual officer and was of the Zheng clan. Rui inherited the title Continued Duke of Shun and was posted at Chaozhou. When Jing's forces took Chaozhou, Rui was sent to Taiwan at fifteen; Bin likely gave him Zheng then. Years later a double agent named Fu Weilin was exposed; Rui was implicated, imprisoned with his family, and Zheng returned to Bin. Zheng wept and told Bin, "The child is already Shen clan property—in life and death we go together! She begged that the boy be confined with him." Bin had the boy kept in a separate room. As Rui faced execution he asked, "Where is my wife?" Told of it, they freed his bonds for a final parting; Zheng hanged herself.
54
傅璇妻黃，名棄娘，台灣人。 璇，為霖子也。 為霖事敗，錦俘其孥，棄娘有兄銓為營救得免。 為霖、璇皆被殺，棄娘矢殉，銓寬譬之。 棄娘曰：「今日之事，子為父死，妻為夫死，復何言！」 卒自經。
Fu Xuan's wife Huang, called Qiniang, was from Taiwan. Xuan was the son of Fu Weilin. When Weilin's plot failed, Jing seized the family; her brother Quan ransomed her free. Weilin and Xuan were executed. Qiniang vowed to follow her husband; Quan tried to dissuade her. Qiniang said, "A son dies for his father, a wife for her husband—what more is there to say?" She hanged herself.
55
劉昆妻張，保寧人。 昆死烏蒙之難，語在忠義傳。 昆既死，賊遂破城，張冠帔坐中堂，呼女易璋、可璋及妾吳，戒毋辱，出昆佩刀示易璋，易璋泣而跪，張斫其肩死。 可璋亦跪，張栗，刀墮，可璋曰：「母怖耶？」 拾刀自鏨，亦死。 張語吳：「汝將三歲兒，好自匿，存張氏後。」 吳號，抱張膝，張且嘆且回刀自殊，頸且斷，危坐几上。 吳揮乳母抱兒速去，拜張前，引刀衝喉，死幾下。 雍正八年八月事也。 乳母逃山中，卒全張氏後。 師定烏蒙，錄昆死事，張、吳易璋、可璋旌贈如例。
Liu Kun's wife Zhang was from Baoning. Kun died in the Wumeng catastrophe, recorded in the Loyal and Righteous biographies. After Kun's death the rebels stormed the city. Zhang, crowned and robed, sat in the main hall, summoned daughters Yizhang and Kezhang and concubine Wu, forbade disgrace, and gave Yizhang Kun's dagger. Yizhang wept and knelt; Zhang struck her shoulder and killed her. Kezhang knelt too. Zhang's hand shook and the knife fell. Kezhang asked, "Mother, are you afraid?" She picked up the blade and stabbed herself to death. Zhang told Wu, "You have a three-year-old—hide well and preserve the Zhang line." Wu wailed and clung to her knees. Zhang sighed, turned the knife on herself, nearly severed her neck, yet sat upright. Wu sent the nurse away with the child, bowed, and drove the knife into her throat. This was in the eighth month of the eighth year of Yongzheng. The nurse fled to the hills and preserved the Zhang line. When Wumeng was pacified, Kun's death was recorded and Zhang, Wu, and the daughters were honored posthumously.
56
楊天階妻關，開化人。 天階為烏蒙守備，城破時戰死。 亦有女子子二，長曰鳳，次無名，關聞天階死，謂二女曰：「我當死，汝姊妹宜求自脫。」 二女泣曰：「父已死，兄不知存亡，何以為生？」 遂對縊。 關自剄死。
Yang Tianjie's wife Guan was from Kaihua. Tianjie was garrison commander at Wumeng and died when the city fell. He had two daughters, the elder Feng, the younger unnamed. Hearing of his death, Guan told them, "I must die; you should try to save yourselves." They wept, "Father is dead and our brother's fate unknown—how can we live?" They hanged themselves together. Guan cut her own throat.
57
烏蒙女，不知姓氏，里居烏蒙。 倮亂，掠子女財物，女子年少者，頭人自取之。 女與其曹二十餘輩立棚下，日暮，頭人持刀入，叱諸女去衣，不從。 擊以刀脊，次及女，女年十五六，有容色，堅不從。 頭人欲擊輒复止，小倮告有以酒食賀者，頭人擲刀出。 倮營中為坑，爇薪炭禦寒，女挾頭人所棄刀立坑後。 頭人醉，復入就女，張兩手將抱持，女迎刺洞其胸，僕地死。 眾倮驚，就視，女已自剄，群碎其屍。
A Wumeng woman, surname unknown, lived there. During a Luo uprising they seized children and goods; the headman claimed the young women. She and twenty others stood under a shed. At dusk the headman came with a blade and ordered them to strip; they refused. He beat them with the flat of the blade. She was fifteen or sixteen and beautiful, and would not yield. He raised the blade again and again but held back. A young Luo announced visitors with food and drink; the headman dropped the knife and left. The camp had pits burning charcoal for warmth. She took the discarded knife and stood behind the pit. Drunk, he returned and reached for her. She stabbed him through the chest and he fell dead. The Luos rushed over; she had already cut her throat. They hacked her body to pieces.
58
劉亨基女，字滿，湘潭人。 亨基官台灣府同知，權知彰化縣。 林爽文之難，亨基殉焉。 滿年十六，自沉廳後池，池淺不得死，輾轉泥中。 賊大至，曳之上，滿罵曰：「我名家女，豈懼死乎？ 汝曹生太平，乃為逆亂，官軍至，汝曹當萬段！」 賊劙其口，劓其鼻，罵愈厲，乃殺之。 台灣平，得旌，台灣之民私諡曰貞烈。
Liu Hengji's daughter, styled Man, was from Xiangtan. Hengji was Taiwan subprefect and acting Zhanghua magistrate. He died a martyr in Lin Shuangwen's rebellion. At sixteen she threw herself into the pool behind the yamen. The water was shallow; she thrashed in the mud without dying. Rebels dragged her out. She cursed, "I am a gentleman's daughter—do you think I fear death? You grew up in peace yet rebel—when the army comes you will die by ten thousand cuts!" They slashed her mouth and cut off her nose; she cursed fiercer still, and they killed her. After Taiwan was pacified she was honored; the people privately called her Chastity and Martyrdom.
59
滕士學妻滿，向宗榜妻滕，滕作賢妻楊，滕家萬妻黃，皆麻陽高村人。 乾隆六十年，苗亂，掠高村，入士學家，擊滿以梃。 滿怒罵，苗抉其目。 罵愈厲，遂斷舌剖腹，寸磔死。 滕繃其兒走水次，求舟將渡。 苗逐之，執其手，滕怒罵，苗殺其子，滕躍入水死。 作賢、家萬皆為苗殺，楊自剄殉。 黃為苗掠至八斗山，紿苗入深林，解刀揕其胸，殺之。 走求家萬屍岩下，亦自經殉。 高村又有婦，以舅方病，不忍去。 苗至，將殺其舅，婦奪刀刺苗，殪，遂自剄。
Man wife of Teng Shixue; Teng wife of Xiang Zongbang; Yang wife of Teng Zuoxian; Huang wife of Teng Jiawan—all of Gaocun, Mayang. In Qianlong 60 the Miao rebelled, raided Gaocun, entered Shixue's house, and beat Man with a club. Man raged and cursed; they gouged out her eyes. She cursed fiercer still; they cut out her tongue, disemboweled her, and hacked her limb from limb. Teng bound her child on her back and fled to the river seeking a boat. Miao seized her hand; she cursed; they killed her child; she leapt into the water and drowned. Zuoxian and Jiawan were killed by the Miao; Yang hanged herself. Huang was taken to Badou Mountain, lured a Miao into the forest, and stabbed him through the chest. She found Jiawan's body below the cliff and hanged herself. Another Gaocun woman would not leave her sick uncle-in-law. When Miao came to kill him, she seized a knife, killed one, then cut her own throat.
60
陳世章妻朱，義寧人。 世章為湖北保康知縣。 嘉慶元年，曾世興為亂，保康故無城，賊驟至，硃懷印坐。 賊挾刃索印，硃曰：「我命婦，印在此！ 汝曹何敢奪？」 賊以矛貫其胸死。
Chen Shizhang's wife Zhu was from Yining. Shizhang was magistrate of Baokang in Hubei. In Jiaqing 1, Zeng Shixing rebelled. Baokang had no walls; rebels came suddenly; Zhu sat holding the official seal. They demanded the seal at blade-point. Zhu said, "I am the magistrate's wife—the seal is here! How dare you take it?" They ran a spear through her chest and killed her.
61
薛中傑女，洋縣人。 嘉慶二年，教匪掠縣境，女年十六七，從家人行避賊。 為賊得，置馬上，女罵，躍，僕地，賊掖之起行。 經益水濱，自擲入水。 方冬，水落，不即死。 賊岸上立，好語招使上，女益匍匐求深處，賊攢矛刺之，死。
Xue Zhongjie's daughter was from Yang county. In Jiaqing 2, sect rebels raided the county. She was sixteen or seventeen and fled with her family. Seized and put on horseback, she cursed, leapt off, fell, and was forced onward. At the Yi River she threw herself in. It was winter; the water was shallow and she did not drown at once. They called kindly from the bank; she crawled deeper. They stabbed her with spears and killed her.
62
傅瑛妻週，寶慶人。 道光間，教匪起，周方在母家，從母匿叢栗中。 賊擁入，鄰婦先匿者群叩頭乞哀，週語母曰：「死生命也！ 奈何降志於此曹乎？」 乃舉袂蒙其首伏母懷。 賊迫視之，美，挾上馬，二賊挾以行。 週罵賊，賊撫其背為好語，週以指剺面罵益急。 賊刺其肋，推墜馬，死亂刃下。
Fu Ying's wife Zhou was from Baoqing. In the Daoguang era, sect rebels rose. Zhou was at her mother's and hid with her in chestnut thickets. Bandits burst in. Neighbors kowtowed for mercy. Zhou told her mother, "Life and death are fate! Why bow our spirits to such men?" She covered her head with her sleeve and hid in her mother's arms. They saw she was beautiful, seized her onto a horse, and two bandits rode on either side. She cursed them; they spoke softly and stroked her back; she clawed her own face and cursed fiercer still. They stabbed her side, threw her from the horse, and hacked her to death.
63
任寨村二十烈女，任寨村寶豐縣村也。 嘉慶五年，教匪至，距村不十里，村民出禦。 此二十人者，與同村諸婦避於樓。 教匪入村，攻樓，不能克，乃收禾黍積樓下，環而焚焉。 火熾，樓中諸婦有穴牆而跳者，或欲與二十人俱，二十人同聲曰：「教匪盈野，理難自拔，萬一求死不能得，何顏食息於人世？ 死於刃，死於水，死於火，死同也。 惟畢命於此，吾儕志決矣！」 俄而風起，火益怒，樓燼，二十人熸。 二十人中已適人者，何李氏、張王氏、劉王氏、馮劉氏、傅李氏、任趙氏、任周氏、任宋氏、任邱氏、任張氏、任趙氏、趙葉氏、李張氏、張趙氏、崔郝氏； 未字者，何氏、馮氏、傅氏、熊氏、崔氏。
The twenty martyr women of Renzhai Village in Baofeng county. In Jiaqing 5, sect rebels approached within ten li; villagers went out to fight. These twenty and other village women took refuge in a tower. Rebels could not storm the tower, piled grain below, and set it afire. As flames rose, some broke through the wall. The twenty cried together, "Rebels cover the land—if we cannot even die cleanly, how can we live? Death by blade, water, or fire is still death. We end our lives here—our minds are made up!" Wind rose, fire roared, the tower burned to ash, and all twenty perished. The married among them were: He née Li, Zhang née Wang, Liu née Wang, Feng née Liu, Fu née Li, Ren née Zhao, Ren née Zhou, Ren née Song, Ren née Qiu, Ren née Zhang, Ren née Zhao, Zhao née Ye, Li née Zhang, Zhang née Zhao, Cui née Hao; unmarried: He, Feng, Fu, Xiong, and Cui.
64
王自正妻馬，秦安人。 嘉慶五年，教匪破縣，馬被掠，罵不已，刀脅之，益厲，眥裂血，賊積薪焚殺之。
Wang Zizheng's wife Ma was from Qin'an. In Jiaqing 5 rebels took the county. Ma was seized and cursed without stop; threatened with blades she cursed fiercer; blood split from her eyes; they burned her alive.
65
強逢泰妻徐，韓城人。 逢泰父克捷，嘉慶間官滑縣知縣。 十八年九月庚午，李文成之徒為亂，克捷及其妻殉焉。 前一月，逢泰將其弟望泰歸取婦。 亂作，徐罵賊不為屈，賊縶徐釘著廳事柱上，臠割之，棄其骨。 事聞，仁宗以徐死事烈，命諡節烈，贈恭人，附祀克捷祠。
Qiang Fengtai's wife Xu was from Hancheng. Fengtai's father Kejie was Hua county magistrate under Jiaqing. On the ninth month's gengwu day in the eighteenth year, Li Wencheng's rebels rose; Kejie and his wife died as martyrs. A month earlier Fengtai was bringing his brother Wangtai home to marry. When rebellion broke out Xu cursed the rebels and would not yield. They nailed her to a hall pillar, flayed her piece by piece, and cast away her bones. Emperor Renzong honored her death, styled her Chastity and Martyrdom, granted Lady, and enshrined her with Kejie.
66
方振聲妻張，大興人； 陳玉威妻唐，台灣人。 振聲官嘉義縣鬥六門縣丞，玉威官台灣北路協把總。 道光十二年十一月，盜張炳為亂，遣其徒黃城攻鬥六門，振聲、玉威與千總唐步衢拒戰，皆死之，張、唐殉焉。 張罵賊，劓鼻剜舌死尤慘。 其幼女亦從死。
Zhang, wife of Fang Zhensheng, was from Daxing; Tang, wife of Chen Yuwei, was from Taiwan. Zhensheng was assistant magistrate at Douliumen, Jiayi; Yuwei was company commander on Taiwan's north route. In Daoguang 12's eleventh month Zhang Bing rebelled and sent Huang Cheng against Douliumen. Zhensheng, Yuwei, and Tang Buqu resisted and died; Zhang and Tang were martyrs. Zhang cursed the rebels; they cut off her nose and gouged out her tongue—her death was especially cruel. Her young daughter died with her.
67
宣宗命張、唐並諡節烈，附祀振聲、玉威祠。 終清世，婦人得諡者凡三人。 克捷、振聲、玉威語在忠義傳。
Emperor Xuanzong styled both Zhang and Tang Chastity and Martyrdom and enshrined them with their husbands. Throughout the Qing dynasty only three women received posthumous honors. Accounts of Kejie, Zhensheng, and Yuwei appear in the Loyal and Righteous biographies.
68
寶豐二婦，不知其氏，縣察河寨人。 道光中，教匪為亂，官軍逐捕，以車載火藥留置寨中，為教匪所诇，將攘而有之。 攻寨急，墮其一隅為陂陀，肉薄以登。 二婦見賊入，大呼曰：「寨破矣！ 火藥且資賊，奈何？」 寨中人皆潛避，無應者。 二婦從風而火，藥盡焚，煙湧塵起，蓬勃雺晦如夜，賊自相鬥殺，二婦燔焉。
Two women of Baofeng, surnames unknown, from Chahe Stockade. During Daoguang, sect rebels rose and troops pursued them. Gunpowder was stored in the stockade; rebels learned of it and meant to seize it. The assault was fierce; one corner collapsed and they climbed the rubble. Seeing rebels enter, the two women shouted, "The stockade has fallen! The powder will arm the rebels—what can we do?" Everyone in the stockade had fled; no one answered. They set the powder alight. Smoke and dust blotted out the day; rebels fought each other in the blast; the two women burned with it.
69
戴鈞衡妻李、妾劉，桐城人。 鈞衡，文苑有傳。 咸豐初，洪秀全之徒攻縣，鈞衡避舒城，李、劉及二女居。 寇至，仲女年十六，抗刃死，李、劉皆被掠。 寇使他所掠婦與李處，李陽與諸婦語，納手入袖。 忽口噴血僕地，視之，刃刺喉死。 寇欲褫其衣，其侶呼曰：「此烈婦！ 汝褫其衣，吾斬汝！」 諸婦防劉益嚴，劉受李誡，以間脫其幼女囚。 兩月餘，不言，不櫛發。 一日，寇欲污之，乃大罵。 寇怒，殺諸東郊外，罵不絕。 曰：「吾今可以報女君矣！」 遂死。
Dai Junheng's wife Li and concubine Liu were from Tongcheng. Junheng has a biography in the Literary Grove section. Early in Xianfeng, Taiping forces attacked the county. Junheng fled to Shucheng; Li, Liu, and two daughters stayed behind. When rebels came the second daughter, sixteen, fought with a blade and died. Li and Liu were seized. Rebels quartered other captives with Li. She feigned conversation and slipped her hand into her sleeve. Blood burst from her mouth and she fell—a blade had pierced her throat. They meant to strip her; a companion cried, "She is a martyr! Strip her and I will kill you!" The women guarded Liu more closely. Following Li's counsel, Liu freed her young daughter. For two months she neither spoke nor combed her hair. One day when rebels meant to violate her, she cursed them. Enraged, they killed her east of the city; she cursed to the end. She cried, "Now I repay my lady Li!" And died.
70
陳吉麟妻周，臨川人。 咸豐間，洪秀全之徒破縣，週與女仙英走銅嶺，賊及之，加劍於項，逼之，不肯從。 殺仙英，愈怒，批賊頰，賊殺之，屍提其首而立，賊為之驚走。
Chen Jilin's wife Zhou was from Linchuan. When Taiping forces took the county, Zhou and daughter Xianying fled to Tongling. Rebels caught them, held a blade to her neck, and pressed her; she refused. They killed Xianying. She slapped a rebel's face; he killed her and held up her severed head; his comrades fled in shock.
71
同時凌傳經妻楊，彭澤人。 與姑匿山中，賊搜得姑，楊持刀奔赴。 賊舍姑與鬥，力盡，為賊支解。 楊同縣又有賈蓮品妻韓，摑賊，為所磔。
About the same time Yang, wife of Ling Chuanjing, was from Pengze. She hid with her mother-in-law in the hills. When rebels found the older woman, Yang ran forward with a knife. They abandoned the mother-in-law and fought Yang until, exhausted, they hacked her apart. In the same county Han, wife of Jia Lianpin, struck rebels and was dismembered.
72
秦耀曾妻畢，耀曾，江寧人； 畢，鎮洋人，湖廣總督沅女也。 耀曾以舉人官郎中。 咸豐三年二月，洪秀全攻江寧。 畢年將八十，城破，集家人告曰：「吾家人受朝廷恩，於義當死。 爾曹皆朝廷百姓，平日受承平之福，今寇亂，可愛死乎？ 且為賊得，必有求死不得者，悔何及！」 乃服命服，扶杖赴水死。 從者數十人。
Bi, wife of Qin Yaoceng: Yaoceng was from Jiangning; Bi was from Zhenjiang, daughter of Governor-General Yuan of Huguang. Yaoceng, a licentiate, served as a director in the Ministry of Revenue. In the second month of Xianfeng 3, Hong Xiuquan attacked Jiangning. Nearly eighty, when the city fell she gathered her kin: "Our family owes the court a debt of honor—we should die. You are the emperor's people, long at peace—now in rebellion, can you cling to life? If captured, some will beg for death in vain—what regret then?" She donned formal robes, took her staff, and walked into the water. Several dozen followed.
73
曹士鶴妻管，名懷珠，字藏真，亦江寧人。 士鶴官陝西清澗知縣。 城將破，與士鶴兄妻李縊硃氏祠樹上，自書衣襟曰：「陝西清澗縣知縣曹士鶴妻管氏為國死於此。」
Guan, wife of Cao Shihe, called Huaizhu, style Cangzhen, was also from Jiangning. Shihe was magistrate of Qingjian in Shaanxi. As the city was about to fall, she and Shihe's sister-in-law Li hanged themselves at the Zhu shrine. She wrote on her collar: "Guan, wife of Qingjian magistrate Cao Shihe, died for the state here." —the closing mark of her collar inscription.
74
謝石全妻廖，曾石泰妻黃，葉金題母胡，繆勝雲妻黃，皆定南人。 咸豐六年，粵賊攻城，廖、黃皆助城守。 廖執刃登陴，歷數十晝夜。 一夕，依堞視賊，為飛砲所中，遂卒。 黃佐石泰殺賊，賊攻城東南隅，黃赴救，中火槍，猶大呼殺賊，死城上。 八年，賊復至，攻胡所居村，金題從鄉兵禦賊，胡握析薪斧，踣賊十餘。 力鬥，被重創，與金題俱死。 勝雲所居曰繆家莊，土寇作，黃與妯娌發火箭殪賊。 賊逾屋入，勝雲與其父皆死。 黃揮刀巷戰，久之，賊大至，自剄死。
Liao wife of Xie Shiquan; Huang wife of Zeng Shitai; Hu mother of Ye Jinti; Huang wife of Miao Shengyun—all from Dingnan. In Xianfeng 6, Guangdong rebels besieged the city. Liao and Huang helped defend. Liao took a blade to the walls and stood watch day and night for weeks. One night, leaning on the parapet, she was struck by a cannonball and died. Huang fought beside Shitai. When rebels attacked the southeast corner she rushed to help, took a musket ball, still shouted to kill rebels, and died on the wall. In the eighth year rebels attacked Hu's village. Jinti joined village militia; Hu wielded a firewood axe and felled more than ten. She fought until gravely wounded and died with Jinti. Shengyun lived at Miao Family Village. Local bandits rose; Huang and her sisters-in-law shot rockets and killed some. Rebels came over the roof; Shengyun and his father were killed. Huang fought in the alley with a blade until rebels swarmed in; she cut her own throat.
75
石時稔聘妻劉，名敏和，吳縣人，家洞庭山。 時稔卒，劉得請於父母，奔喪，奉姑居。 咸豐十年夏，洪秀全之徒破蘇州，洞庭山民拒守。 閱歲餘，力盡。 賊自山前入，劉盛服待水次，誓死。 居三日，賊不至，姑挽令入室，劉問：「何以得免？」 則曰：「率錢輸賊兵。」 劉躍起，哭曰：「是乃降也！ 降則此賊土，吾賊人矣。 吾以為三日中，若輩與賊決死戰耳。 今若此，何用生為？」 姑與家人輩力勸毋死，劉好謂曰：「我三日不入戶，憊矣！ 且少休。」 入室，即夜自經死。 留一紙，自書生死年月日。
Liu, betrothed to Shi Shineng, called Minhe, was from Wu county, family at Dongting Mountain. Shineng died. Liu obtained leave to mourn and kept house for her mother-in-law. In the summer of Xianfeng 10, Taiping forces took Suzhou. Dongting Mountain villagers resisted. After more than a year their strength gave out. Rebels entered from the mountain front. Liu dressed in full mourning and waited by the water, resolved to die. Three days passed without rebels. Her mother-in-law urged her inside. Liu asked how they had been spared. They said, "We paid the rebels money." Liu sprang up weeping, "That is surrender! If we surrender this is rebel land and I am a rebel's wife. I thought these three days you would fight them to the death. Now—what is life for?" They begged her to live. She said gently, "Three days without rest—I am spent! Let me rest awhile." She went inside and hanged herself that night. She left a note with the dates of her birth and death.
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章瑤圃女亥姑，餘杭人。 咸豐十年，年十五。 六月庚午，賊至，亥姑抱柱堅不釋，賊擊之，十指皆創，抱柱如故。 賊斫其肩背，亥姑罵曰：「恨不為男子殺爾輩盡！」 賊勒其頸死。
Haigu, daughter of Zhang Yaopu, was from Yuhang. In Xianfeng 10 she was fifteen. On the sixth month's gengwu day rebels came. Haigu clung to a pillar; they struck her until all ten fingers bled; she still held on. They hacked her shoulders and back. She cursed, "I regret I am not a man to kill you all!" They strangled her to death.
77
戴可恆妻朱，可恆，仁和人； 硃，長興人。 可恆父熙自有傳。 咸豐十年，杭州破，熙殉。 硃具衣衾，視斂如禮，從可恆轉徙。 明年，復還，賊復至。 圍急，硃方為詩詞自若，曰：「我自為計久矣，何懼！」 城破，硃語可恆速將子出避，賦詩矢死。 不食兩日，未絕； 自經，絙斷，又未絕； 夜入池死，即熙死節處。 熙死時，少子穗孫妻孫，方歸省，聞即仰藥殉。 其祖母姚、母閔，及諸弟、妹皆死，凡七人。
Zhu, wife of Dai Keheng: Keheng was from Renhe; Zhu was from Changxing. Keheng's father Xi has his own biography. In Xianfeng 10 Hangzhou fell; Xi died a martyr. Zhu prepared shrouds, oversaw the burial rites, and fled with Keheng. The next year they returned; rebels came again. As the siege tightened she composed poetry calmly: "I planned long ago—why fear?" When the city fell she sent Keheng away with their son, wrote a death poem, and vowed to die. She fasted two days without dying; she hanged herself; the rope broke; at night she drowned in the pool where Xi had died. When Xi died, his younger son's wife Sun was visiting home; she took poison and died. Grandmother Yao, mother Min, brothers and sisters—all seven died.
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金福曾妻李，福曾，秀水人，有傳； 李，餘杭人。 福曾父鼎燮，官臨安訓導，寄孥杭州。 洪秀全之徒再攻杭州，圍久食盡，雜啖草木，甚至煠雨屐緣革為食。 城將破，李與福曾矢必死。 尚餘銀餅一，為福曾縫置複絮中，謂窮途得此，猶可旦夕活也。 俄，賊大至，投姻家洪氏屋後池死。 同時鼎燮殉臨安，鼎燮弟鴻僖妻胡，避臨安村間，為賊所迫，矛舂其喉死。 咸豐十年，賊破嘉興，福曾之族諸婦女死者，衍芹妻倪、衍科妻鍾、鴻鑑妻徐、鴻墀妻許、鴻勛妻潘、鴻勚妻胡、鴻綬妻顧、鴻紱妻屈。 徐、許皆有女從死。 振聲妻張，賊將至時先自經殉。
Li, wife of Jin Fuzeng: Fuzeng of Xiushui has a biography; Li was from Yuhang. Fuzeng's father Dingshe was Lin'an instructor with family in Hangzhou. Taiping forces besieged Hangzhou again. Food ran out; they ate weeds and even boiled shoe leather. As the city was about to fall Li and Fuzeng vowed to die. One silver ingot remained; Li sewed it into his padded coat, saying it might keep them alive a little longer. Soon rebels swarmed in; they drowned themselves in the Hong family's pool. Dingshe died at Lin'an. His brother Hongxi's wife Hu, fleeing to a village, was speared through the throat. When rebels took Jiaxing in Xianfeng 10, women of Fuzeng's clan who died included Ni, Zhong, Xu, Xu, Pan, Hu, Gu, and Qu. Two of the Xu wives had daughters who died with them. Zhang, wife of Zhensheng, hanged herself before rebels arrived.
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張福海妻姚，錢塘人。 福海官廣東曲江知縣。 姚家居，寇至，城圍合，米盡食麥，麥盡食糠粃，糠粃盡食馬料豆。 城破，賊脅姚行，姚奮起擊賊，被殺。 同死者娣、姒孫、王，女杏珠，侄女滿、文、月。
Yao, wife of Zhang Fuhai, was from Qiantang. Fuhai was magistrate of Qujiang in Guangdong. Yao stayed home. When rebels came the city was besieged. They ate wheat, then chaff, then horse beans. When the city fell rebels forced her along; she struck at them fiercely and was killed. Those who died with her were a younger sister-in-law, her elder sister-in-law's grandson Wang, her daughter Xingzhu, and her nieces Man, Wen, and Yue.
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邵順年妻伊，仁和人。 順年，懿辰子，懿辰自有傳。 杭州被圍，伊炊粥奉舅姑，輒忍飢不食。 城破，俟其姑既出，入井死。 巡撫馬新貽上懿辰死事狀，附陳伊「生則以孝事親，臨難不求苟活，深明大義」，得旌。
Yi was the wife of Shao Shunnian, from Renhe. Shunnian was Yichen's son; Yichen has a separate biography. When Hangzhou was besieged, Yi cooked gruel for her parents-in-law and went hungry herself. When the city fell she waited until her mother-in-law was safe, then drowned herself in a well. Governor-General Ma Xinyi reported Yichen's death and noted that Yi "served her kin with filial piety in life, refused a shameful escape in peril, and understood the greater duty"; she was officially commended.
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順年弟順國妻劉，亦仁和人。 順國為六合知縣，卒。 劉父堃方為漢中知府，令以二子往。 劉謂異鄉非可久居，以順國喪還葬。 蒐先世藏書授二子，督就學甚嚴，二子皆成立。
Liu, wife of Shao Shunguo (Shunnian's younger brother), was also from Renhe. Shunguo served as magistrate of Liuhe and died in office. Her father Kun was prefect of Hanzhong and summoned her two sons. Liu said they could not stay abroad long and brought Shunguo's body home for burial. She gathered the family library for her sons, drilled them in their studies, and both grew to maturity.
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陳某聘妻酆，海寧長安鎮人。 未行而夫死，誓不嫁，奉父； 父卒，為立後。 年四十餘，賊至，焚其村，酆自沈水甕中。 賊去，戚族往視之，其廬燼，甕水沸，屍為糜矣。
Feng, betrothed to a Chen, was from Chang'an in Haining. Her fiancé died before the wedding; she vowed never to remarry and cared for her father; when her father died she secured an heir for the family. In her forties rebels burned her village; Feng drowned herself in a water jar. When the rebels left, kin found only ashes; the jar's water still boiled and her body was pulp.
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胡金題妻俞，金題，烏程人； 俞，歸安人：家雙林。 賊以有色，驅使行，不從，持刃哧之，張目以頸就刃。 賊笑曰：「痴女子！」 乃縶以行。 行數十步，有橋橫水，俞好語賊曰：「雨後泥濘，縶不可以行，乞舍我，我自從汝去。」 復請以兩矛夾持以上，示無死意。 至橋半，奮躍入水，賊怒其紿，矛刺之，死。
Yu, wife of Hu Jinti: Jinti was from Wucheng; Yu was from Gui'an; the family lived at Shuanglin. Taking her for her beauty, rebels forced her along; she refused, and when they threatened her with a blade she fixed her eyes on them and offered her neck. The rebels laughed: "Foolish girl!" Then they bound her and led her away. After a few dozen steps they came to a bridge; Yu said gently, "The mud is deep after the rain—I cannot walk bound. Unbind me and I will follow willingly." She asked them to steady her with spears on either side, as if she meant to live. Halfway across she sprang into the water; enraged at the trick, they speared her to death.
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王氏女婉容，亦家雙林。 賊掠其父母，婉容請於賊：「釋父母，我從汝去。」 賊釋其父母。 已入舟，婉容出戶呼曰：「我猶有語，請少待！」 且呼且行，近水，疾躍自沉。 賊操矛拯之，不上，遂死。
Wanrong, a Wang-clan daughter, also lived at Shuanglin. When rebels seized her parents, Wanrong said, "Let them go and I will follow you." The rebels released her parents. Once aboard she stepped out and called, "I have one more word—wait!" She called as she walked to the water and threw herself in. A rebel tried to fish her out with a spear but failed; she died.
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鄭德高妻與方其蓮妻，皆阮氏兄弟也，蘭谿人。 賊破縣，德高、其蓮將其孥避北山。 久之，德高、其蓮偕入縣，為賊殺。 二婦慟，誓死。 一日賊奄至，二婦堅坐不為動。 一賊持矛入，倚矛於壁，呼二婦具茗，二婦不應。 賊解佩刀擲地，曰：「不應且死！」 二婦厲聲答曰：「我曹畏死，尚坐待汝耶？ 吾夫死於賊，今當殺汝！」 遂躍起，即取刀矛擊賊，賊徒手，被數創，大呼，群賊皆至，二婦力鬥死。
The wives of Zheng Degao and Fang Qilian were sisters-in-law of the Ruan brothers, from Lanxi. When rebels took the county, Degao and Qilian fled with their families to North Mountain. Eventually both men went back into the county together and were killed by rebels. The two women mourned and vowed to die. One day rebels appeared without warning; the two women sat unmoving. One rebel came in with a spear, propped it against the wall, and ordered tea; they did not answer. He drew his knife and flung it down: "Answer or die!" They answered sharply: "If we feared death, would we sit here waiting for you? Our husbands died to your kind—now we kill you!" They sprang up, seized knife and spear, and attacked; unarmed, he took several wounds and shouted; more rebels came and the two women fought to the death.
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周小梅妻湯，名碩人，常熟人。 咸豐十年，洪秀全之徒陷常熟，小梅方赴鄉，湯率子漣香、女淑貞及幼子、女入井死。 將入井，囑長子於鄰翁； 脫戒指付老僕，囑持書報小梅，書曰：
Tang Shuoren, wife of Zhou Xiaomei, was from Changshu. In Xianfeng 10 Hong Xiuquan's forces took Changshu. Xiaomei was away in the countryside; Tang led her son Lianxiang, daughter Shuzhen, and her younger children into a well. Before the well she left her eldest son with a neighbor; she gave her ring to an old servant with a letter for Xiaomei, which read:
87
「昨君出門，飯後即失常熟，一夜未眠。 今水窮山盡，當死義，恨不能一言為別。 原君平安，勿以妾母子為念。 寄戒指一枚，見此如見妾！」
"Yesterday after you left I could not settle after our meal and lay awake all night. We are at the end of our road; I must die with honor and regret we cannot speak farewell. May you be safe; do not grieve for me and the children. I send this ring; let it stand for me." —the closing mark of her letter.
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楊某妻沈，名彩霞，金華人。 生農家，有力，能舞大刀，重百斤。 俗斗牛，牛奔，彩霞手挽之，牛不得動。 咸豐十一年，賊將至，鄉人集團練得數百人，推彩霞主之。 時蘭溪諸葛燾團練過萬人，與相犄角，賊至則互救。 洪秀全將李世賢自龍游至，彩霞乘其未定擊之，敗走。 總督張玉良至蘭溪，暴於民，燾惎之。 兵有自賊降者，偽為諸葛氏之幟過金華索犒，彩霞察其詐，擊殺數百人。 玉良告巡撫，謂團練殺官軍，互訐不已。 賊又至，偽為官軍裝，吏不復察，金華破，彩霞自剄死。 楊某亦死亂軍中。
Shen Caixia, wife of a Yang, was from Jinhua. She came from farming stock, was powerfully built, and could dance a hundred-jin broadsword. At village bullfights, when a bull charged Caixia could seize it by the horns and hold it still. In Xianfeng 11, as rebels approached, villagers raised a militia of several hundred and made Caixia their leader. Zhuge Tao's Lanxi militia numbered over ten thousand; the two corps backed each other and came to each other's aid when attacked. When Hong Xiuquan's general Li Shixian marched from Longyou, Caixia attacked before he could settle in and drove him off. Governor-General Zhang Yuliang came to Lanxi and abused the populace; Tao bore a grudge. Defectors from the rebels marched through Jinhua flying Zhuge's banners to demand pay; Caixia saw through the ruse and killed hundreds. Yuliang complained to the governor that the militia had slaughtered imperial troops, and the quarrel dragged on. Rebels returned in government dress; officials no longer checked; Jinhua fell and Caixia killed herself. Her husband Yang also died in the fighting.
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周世棣妻胡，鎮海人。 咸豐十一年，賊掠世棣去，使市馬，以三賊監之行。 世棣曰：「吾鄉故多馬，四人乃不足。」 賊令募壯夫偕，世棣得鄉人同陷賊者六，導之至鄞東鄉。 地僻，遂手刃三賊，其一實陽死，世棣未察也。 遣鄉人自歸，矯賊令入寧波，出被掠男婦數十輩。 夜半，陽死賊歸告其渠，將群賊捕世棣，世棣逃走。 賊執世棣母及胡，胡語賊曰：「吾家有藏鏹，請以吾質，遣吾姑發藏鏹，饋諸公。」 姑已去，胡仰藥死，世棣母子皆得免。
Hu, wife of Zhou Shidi, was from Zhenhai. In Xianfeng 11 rebels seized Shidi to buy horses, with three guards escorting him. Shidi said, "Our country has always had many horses—four men are too few." The rebels told him to recruit strong men; Shidi gathered six countrymen also held by the rebels and led them to eastern Yin. In a remote spot he killed three rebels by hand; one had only feigned death, which he did not notice. He sent the villagers home, forged rebel orders, entered Ningbo, and freed dozens of captives. At midnight the feigned corpse reported to their chief; rebels moved to capture Shidi, but he escaped. Rebels seized his mother and Hu; Hu said, "We have buried treasure—hold me and let my mother-in-law fetch it to reward you." Once her mother-in-law was gone, Hu took poison; Shidi and his mother were spared.
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蔡以瑩妻曹、妾馬，蕭山人。 咸豐十一年，賊自嚴州循江薄蕭山，以瑩將妻妾子女避兵王家橋。 遇賊，劫曹，將犯之，且罵且入水死。 子景軾、女景良奔赴，與俱死。 女景李為賊掠，語賊：「勿相強，我固原從汝。」 賊稍寬之。 行近水，亦疾躍自沉。 馬抱三歲子匿葦間，以瑩還，求得馬。 賊復至，馬視道旁舍有採菱者所遺木罌，折枯木授以瑩使乘以渡。 以瑩要馬偕，馬曰：「此非舟，不能勝二人。」 出懷中兒投以瑩，曰：「以此子隨君去。」 以瑩渡未半，回望賊垂及，馬呼：「君勿念我，今與君永別！」 赴水死，以瑩得免。
Cao and Ma, wife and concubine of Cai Yiying, were from Xiaoshan. In Xianfeng 11 rebels advanced along the river from Yanzhou on Xiaoshan; Yiying fled with wife, concubine, and children to Wang Family Bridge. They met rebels who seized Cao; cursing, she drowned herself before they could touch her. Son Jingzhi and daughter Jingliang rushed in and died with her. Daughter Jingli was taken; she said, "Do not force me—I will go with you willingly." The rebels eased off. Near the water she sprang in and drowned. Ma hid in the reeds with her three-year-old; when Yiying came back he found her. When rebels returned, Ma spotted a lotus-gatherer's wooden tub by the road, broke off dry wood, and gave it to Yiying to float across. Yiying begged Ma to come; she said, "This is no boat—it cannot hold two." She handed him the child from her breast: "Take our son with you." Halfway across he saw rebels closing in; Ma cried, "Do not think of me—we part forever!" She drowned; Yiying escaped.
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王永喜妻盧，永喜，開州人； 盧，清豐人。 咸豐十一年四月乙巳，盜李古考圍州城，永喜將出助守，語盧曰：「若聞砲，即城破，吾家世清白，慎勿為賊汙！」 盧曰：「諾。」 賊至，舉砲相擊，城得全。 永喜歸，則盧率二女自經死矣。 二女：長曰印，次曰改。 又有張氏婦，村居，賊執以去。 見井，紿曰：「我渴甚，乞解縛飲我！」 賊解縛，入井死。
Lu, wife of Wang Yongxi: Yongxi was from Kaizhou; Lu was from Qingfeng. On yisi in the fourth month of Xianfeng 11 the bandit Li Gukao besieged the city; Yongxi went to help defend and told Lu, "When you hear cannon fire the city has fallen; our house has been honorable for generations—do not let rebels defile you!" Lu answered, "I will." Cannon answered cannon; the city held. Yongxi returned to find Lu and their two daughters already hanged. The daughters were named Yin and Gai. Another Zhang woman in a village was seized by rebels. She saw a well and lied, "I am parched—unbind me so I can drink!" They unbound her; she threw herself into the well.
92
劉崇鼎母張，都昌人。 咸豐間，洪秀全之徒攻縣，縣人治鄉兵，推崇鼎主其事，崇鼎謝母在。 張曰：「人誰無母，皆以母謝，誰當殺賊者？」 崇鼎受命主鄉兵，張出家財佐餉。 賊至，崇鼎請母避賊，張泫然曰：「未戰而先策敗，人心散矣！ 有進尺，無退寸，此外復何顧？」 崇鼎雪涕出戰，敗死。 張聞敗，曰：「崇鼎死矣！」 遂自經，未絕； 賊已入，張出，坐堂上，罵賊，死之。
Zhang, mother of Liu Chongding, was from Duchang. In the Xianfeng era Hong Xiuquan's forces attacked the county; locals raised a militia and urged Chongding to lead, but he declined while his mother lived. Zhang said, "Who lacks a mother? If all use that excuse, who will fight the rebels?" Chongding took command of the militia; Zhang gave family funds for rations. When rebels came he asked her to flee; tearful, she said, "Planning defeat before we fight will break morale! We advance by the foot and never retreat by the inch—what else matters?" Chongding wiped his tears, went out, was defeated, and died. Hearing of defeat, Zhang cried, "Chongding is dead! She tried to hang herself but survived; When the rebels were inside she came out, took her seat in the hall, cursed them, and was killed.
93
武昌女子，不知其姓氏，在賊中號為硃九妹。 咸豐間，洪秀全破武昌，驅以東，至江寧，楊秀清欲納之。 女侍飲驩甚，潛置毒酒食中進秀清，持之急，秀清察有異，磔死。
A Wuchang woman, surname unknown, was called Zhu Jiumei in the rebel camps. In the Xianfeng era Hong Xiuquan seized Wuchang and marched her east to Nanjing, where Yang Xiuqing meant to make her his concubine. She waited on him cheerfully at table, slipped poison into his meal, then seized him; Yang Xiuqing sensed the trick and had her torn apart.
94
滄州女子，亦不知其姓氏，同治七年，張總愚北攻滄州，其黨得此女，獻總愚，總愚使執役。 女袖出剪刺總愚，傷其臂，群賊集，立醢之。
Another Cangzhou woman, surname unknown: in Tongzhi 7 Zhang Zongyu struck Cangzhou from the north; his men captured her, gave her to Zongyu, and he put her to servile labor. She stabbed Zongyu from her sleeve with shears and wounded his arm; the rebels surrounded her and hacked her to pieces.
95
費某妻吳，費某，德清人； 吳，處州人，失其縣。 父景籓，為湖州運糧千總，因以女歸費。 早寡，事祖姑甚謹。 洪秀全之徒陷德清，景籓他徙，吳囑以子而留事祖姑。 賊大至，追吳，將汙之，不從。 賊抽刃出，祖姑與相向哭，吳慷慨求死。 賊系之樹上，曰：「我出汝心，觀汝心堅否？」 刃剚胸，出心，堅如石，賊大驚。 就德清人求其姓氏，曰：「此婦殆有神！」
Wu, wife of a Fei: Fei was from Deqing; Wu was from Chuzhou; her home county is lost. Her father Jingfan commanded a Huzhou grain-transport detachment and gave her in marriage to the Fei clan. Widowed young, she cared for her mother-in-law's mother with scrupulous devotion. Hong Xiuquan's forces took Deqing; Jingfan fled with their son while Wu stayed behind for the grandmother. A great rebel host pursued her and meant to defile her; she refused. A rebel bared his blade while the old woman wept across from her; Wu boldly demanded to die. They tied her to a tree: "I will cut your heart out and test how steadfast you are." They knifed open her chest; the heart was stone-hard, and the rebels were stunned. They asked locals her name; someone said, "This woman must have been possessed of a god!" —the closing mark of what the townspeople said.
96
冷煜瀛妻盧，義寧人。 煜瀛官都昌訓導，洪秀全之徒破縣，死之。 盧伏哭煜瀛側，為煜瀛理須，厲聲罵賊。 賊斷其舌，死，手猶握須弗釋也。
Lu, wife of Leng Yuying, was from Yining. Yuying served as county instructor at Duchang and died when Hong Xiuquan's forces took the county. She knelt weeping beside his body, groomed his beard, and shouted curses at the rebels. They cut out her tongue and killed her; her hand still clutched his beard.
97
陳兆吉妻餘，亦義寧人。 義寧破，賊殺兆吉。 餘方姙，罵賊，賊刳其腹，兒逐刃墮，呱呱泣，賊驚走。 其渠聞，為之少戢。
Yu, wife of Chen Zhaoji, was also from Yining. When Yining fell rebels killed Zhaoji. Pregnant, she cursed them; they slashed her belly and the infant tumbled out wailing, and the rebels fled in terror. Their leader, hearing of it, held them back a little.
98
蔡法度妻簡，新淦人。 簡早寡，美。 洪秀全之徒攻縣，名索簡，言不得屠蔡氏。 蔡氏大忷，簡曰：「是無難。」 艷服乘輿出，方度谿橋，驟自輿躍出，入溪水。 溪水急，求其屍，勿能得。
Jian, wife of Cai Fadu, was from Xin'gan. Widowed young, Jian was famed for her beauty. Hong Xiuquan's army besieged the county and demanded Jian by name, promising to spare the Cai family if she came forward. The Cai kin were in uproar; Jian said, "That is not hard." She dressed in her finest and rode out in a palanquin; midway across a bridge she sprang into the river. The current was fierce and her body was never found.
99
張守一女春英，山西人，寓海城。 同治二年，回亂，守一已卒，弟、妹幼，母悲泣。 春英陽語回：「能脫我母及弟、妹，原相從。」 回遣兩騎使守一舊僕護之行。 春英度去遠，入井死。
Chunying, daughter of Zhang Shouyi, a Shanxi family living at Haicheng. In Tongzhi 2 the Muslim rising began; Shouyi was dead, her siblings were young, and her mother wept. She told the Muslims falsely, "Free my mother and siblings and I will go with you." They sent two riders and an old servant of Shouyi's to escort the family away. Once they were far off she drowned herself in a well.
100
王占元妻楊，皋蘭人。 同治四年，回亂，楊從家人匿山穴中，為回所得。 楊曰：「如愛我，幸毋傷我姑。」 回驅楊去，至一村，回入掠。 楊語途人曰：「我王占元妻，將死於此。 乞寄語吾夫，速負母遠遁！」 遂入井死。
Yang, wife of Wang Zhanyuan, was from Gaolan. In Tongzhi 4, amid the Muslim revolt, she hid with kin in a cave and was captured. She said, "If you want me, spare my mother-in-law." They marched her off; at a village her captors went in to loot. She told people on the road, "I am Wang Zhanyuan's wife and mean to die here. Tell my husband to take my mother and flee at once!" Then she threw herself into a well.
101
王秉堃女翠環，固原人。 亦為回得，欲挾之去，翠環曰：「釋我父、兄，可。」 回釋其父、兄，曰：「我弱不任騎，原以輿行。」 回喜，俾以輿行，女輿中餌毒，未至回所，死輿中。
Cuihuan, daughter of Wang Bingkun, was from Guyuan. Muslims seized her; she said, "Let my father and brother go and I will come." They freed her father and brother; she said, "I am frail—carry me in a sedan." Delighted, they put her in a palanquin; she had poisoned herself and was dead before they arrived.
102
魏克明女秀蓮，涇州人。 同治七年二月，從兩兄行避兵。 回至，次兄中矛死。 秀蓮跪請活長兄，回許之。 長兄脫走至山麓，遙望回迫秀蓮乘馬渡水，至中流，墜水死。
Xiulian, daughter of Wei Keming, was from Jingzhou. In the second month of Tongzhi 7 she fled the fighting with her two brothers. Muslims overtook them; her second brother died of a spear thrust. Xiulian knelt and pleaded for her elder brother's life; they consented. Her elder brother fled to the hillside and watched them force Xiulian on horseback into the stream; halfway across she fell in and drowned.
103
劉慶耀妻廖，龍南人。 慶耀貰酒自給。 同治三年，賊至，廖持刃衛姑出。 賊執姑，廖揮刃斷賊腕，姑得脫。 賊鬥廖，廖殺二賊，力盡，刳腹斷舌死。
Liao, wife of Liu Qingyao, was from Longnan. Qingyao made his living selling wine. In Tongzhi 3 rebels came; Liao armed herself and escorted her mother-in-law out. A rebel grabbed the older woman; Liao hacked off his wrist and freed her. They turned on her; she killed two before exhaustion; they disemboweled her and cut out her tongue.
104
歐陽維元妻曹，崇仁人。 姑早寡，年九十九矣，賊急，曹奉姑走太浮山，遇賊，姑見殺。 曹與維元擊賊，皆死。
Cao, wife of Ouyang Weiyuan, was from Chongren. Her husband's mother, widowed early, was ninety-nine; Cao fled with her toward Mount Taifu, met rebels, and the old woman was killed. Cao and Weiyuan fought the rebels and both fell.
105
李盤龍妻鄧，永新人。 賊攻縣，鄧與族娣、姒走，遇賊仕坪。 三婦共鬥賊，皆死。 娣、姒失其氏。
Deng, wife of Li Panlong, was from Yongxin. When rebels stormed the county Deng fled with two sisters-in-law and met them at Shiping. All three women fought the rebels and died. The sisters-in-law's surnames are lost.
106
黃氏女，名婉梨，江寧人。 咸豐三年，洪秀全破江寧，婉梨方五歲，有母，與兄弟居。 同治四年，師克江寧，有兵入其室，殺其母及其兄弟，縛婉梨置舟中，謂將歸湖南。 婉梨好語兵：「至汝家，當妻汝，舟中毋相逼。」 時有金眉姑者，亦被掠，自沉於江，婉梨舉以怵兵，兵不敢犯。 月餘，將至其家，驅就陸，兵遇其侶，與俱投逆旅，二人方共飲，婉梨見牖上有毒鼠藥，潛置食中。 夜分，一人毒發死，一人毒淺，未即死，婉梨掣所佩刀剚其腹，題詩壁間，述始末，自經死。
Wanli, a Huang-clan daughter, was from Jiangning. In Xianfeng 3 Hong Xiuquan seized Nanjing; Wanli was five and lived with her mother and brothers. In Tongzhi 4 the city was recovered; troops entered, killed her mother and brothers, bound Wanli aboard a boat bound for Hunan. She told the soldiers sweetly, "At your home you may marry me—do not force me on the boat." She pointed to Jin Meigu, another captive who had drowned herself, and the soldiers dared not touch her. A month later, nearing his home, they put in ashore; he met a comrade at an inn and Wanli slipped rat poison into their meal. At midnight one died; the other lingered; she knifed his belly, wrote their story on the wall, and hanged herself.
107
程氏女，名季玉，歸安人，從父居蘇州。 蘇州陷，其父以醫卜自活。 師克蘇州，季玉與其父相失，就鄰媼匿桃花塢。 其女兄為部曲將所得，脅季玉去。 季玉自經，不死，作絕命詩畀媼，使他日告其父，入井死。
Jiyu, a Cheng-clan daughter from Gui'an, lived with her father in Suzhou. After Suzhou fell her father lived by medicine and fortune-telling. When the city was retaken she lost her father and hid with a neighbor in Taohua Wu. A male relative was taken by a company commander who then forced Jiyu to follow. Her hanging failed; she wrote a death poem for the old woman to give her father, then drowned in a well.
108
韓肖朱妻郗，趙州人。 姑瞽，張總愚自柏鄉向趙州，郗奉姑走欒城。 賊驟至，姑曰：「我瞽不能行，汝可疾逃，無以我累汝！」 郗侍姑終不去。 賊見其少，將縶以去，郗請訣於姑，賊稍緩，郗急趨赴井。 賊持矛遂之，郗張兩手以拒，回身墮井死。 賊去，出其屍，矛創七。
Xi, wife of Han Xiaozhu, was from Zhaozhou. Her mother-in-law was blind; as Zhang Zongyu marched from Baixiang on Zhaozhou, Xi fled with her toward Luancheng. The old woman said, "I am blind and cannot run—go quickly; do not let me hold you back!" Xi stayed with her and would not go. Seeing she was young, rebels meant to seize her; she asked to farewell her mother-in-law; when they eased off she ran for a well. A rebel speared after her; she spread her arms, turned, and dropped into the well dead. After they left her body was recovered with seven spear cuts.
109
張醴仁妻王，武強人。 張總愚之徒入縣境，王避亂深州。 賊至，王與婦女數百自沉於滹沱，水淺，不即死。 賊據河濱村二日，飢凍顛踣，一婦哭曰：「此不即死，不如死賊刃！」 王曰：「見殺於賊辱甚，不如水死！」 三日僵立死。
Wang, wife of Zhang Liren, was from Wuqiang. When Zhang Zongyu's forces entered the district Wang fled to Shenzhou. Rebels came; Wang and hundreds of women waded into the Hutuo, but the water was shallow and death was slow. Rebels camped on the bank two days; cold and hunger broke them; one woman cried, "Since we cannot drown quickly, let the rebels kill us!" Wang said, "Death by the rebels' blades is more shameful than drowning!" They stood in the water three days until they froze stiff and died.
110
同縣許氏女，從其父避賊。 行遇賊，女促父速去。 父陟岡望之，賊授女鞭令上馬，女持鞭鞭賊，罵曰：「竪子！ 安敢爾？」 賊縶女，挾刃迫之，女罵如故。 刺其腕，刺其肩，罵如故，遂見殺。
In the same county a Xu-clan daughter fled with her father. They met rebels on the road; she urged her father to run. Her father climbed a knoll to watch; rebels handed her a whip and told her to mount; she whipped them and cried, "You whelps! How dare you!" They bound her and threatened her with blades; she cursed on unchanged. They stabbed her wrist and shoulder; still she cursed, and at last they killed her.
111
李氏女，名蒲，饒陽人。 亦從父避賊。 賊至，將劫之去，女抱持父，坐於地不起。 父令從賊行，道側有井，父顧曰：「蒲，井也！」 蒲疾入井。 賊並擠其父入井，同死。
Pu, a Li-clan daughter, was from Raoyang. She also fled with her father. When rebels came to take her she clung to her father and would not stand. Her father told her to go with them; a well stood by the road; he looked back and said, "Pu—the well! Pu threw herself into the well at once. The rebels shoved her father in after her; both drowned.
112
楊某妻吳，武進人。 子傳第，以舉人官知府。 客河道總督幕，迎吳居黑堈。 黑堈在開封北，濱河。 同治三年八月，捻匪攻開封，未下，掠黑堈，吳罵賊死。 傳第從河道總督在開封，聞母死，大戚。 以為不能豫戒，陷母死，為母撰行述，成，抑藥死。
Wu, wife of a Yang, was from Wujin. Their son Chuandi, a licentiate, became a prefect. He served on the Yellow River governor's staff and settled Wu at Heigan. Heigan stood north of Kaifeng along the river. In the eighth month of Tongzhi 3 Nian rebels besieged Kaifeng, then raided Heigan; Wu cursed them and was killed. Chuandi was at Kaifeng with the governor; when he heard his mother was dead he was stricken. He blamed himself for not warning her in time, wrote her life account, then took poison and died.
113
康創業妻，與李鴻業妻，皆邸氏，兄弟也，深澤人。 同治七年，張總愚黨掠縣境，方歸寧，從其父半千登屋避。 賊登，刺半千死，姊持梃擊賊，妹奪賊刀殪之。 賊踵登，揮刀墮梯下，斃。 賊發槍，妹僕，姊被數十創，亦死。
Kang Chuangye's and Li Hongye's wives were Di-clan sisters-in-law from Shenze. In Tongzhi 7 Zhang Zongyu's men raided the county; home on a visit, they fled to the rooftop with their father Banqian. Rebels mounted the roof and killed Banqian; the elder sister beat them with a pole while the younger wrested a blade and slew one. Others climbed after; she hacked at the ladder and sent them tumbling to their deaths. They opened fire; the younger sister fell, and the elder took dozens of wounds and died.
114
王書云妻谷，亦縣人。 書云精針灸，谷傳其術，活婦女無算。 賊至，矛刺其子鳳銜僕，谷操杖擊賊酋。 賊縱火，與其子鳳德、鳳桐，女然文，皆死。
Gu, wife of Wang Shuyun, was from the same county. Shuyun excelled at acupuncture; Gu mastered it and saved innumerable women. Rebels came; a spear felled her son Fengxian; Gu clubbed their chief. They torched the house; Gu died with sons Fengde and Fengtong and daughter Ranwen.
115
王有周妻楊，玉門人。 早寡，撫三子漢連、漢元、漢科，皆長。 同治三年正月，回攻所居堡，急。 楊使漢元間道詣肅州請兵，漢連以其人出禦。 楊聞砲聲急，意堡破，將二女孫入井死。 漢連妻張挈次女自經，漢元妻李率次女飲酖，漢科妻李及子三、從女一、女甥一皆自剄。 逾時回敗去，漢連歸，則家人皆狼藉死矣。
Yang, wife of Wang Youzhou, was from Yumen. Widowed young, she raised Hanlian, Hanyuan, and Hanke to adulthood. In the first month of Tongzhi 3 Muslims stormed their fort. She sent Hanyuan by a back road to Suzhou for reinforcements while Hanlian led the defense. At the sound of cannon she feared the fort was lost and drowned herself in a well with two granddaughters. Zhang, Hanlian's wife, hanged herself with a granddaughter; Li, Hanyuan's wife, poisoned another; Hanke's wife Li and kin slit their throats. When the Muslims retreated Hanlian came home to find his household dead.
116
張金鑄妻段，平涼人。 同治間，回亂，金鑄跳而逸，段未得從。 回至，脅以刃，不為屈。 砍項折，未殊，猶怒罵。 复斷其左臂，乃僕，回委之去。 金鑄歸，段尚能語，曰：「我家長物，盡為寇掠去，惟敝書數帙，我取置懷中，君可將去！」 又曰：「我且死，君當速行！ 勿以我故留，寇復至，君將不免。」 金鑄取懷中書欲去，返顧，段已絕。
Duan, wife of Zhang Jinzhu, was from Pingliang. During the Muslim revolt Jinzhu leaped free while Duan was left behind. Muslims threatened her with blades; she would not bend. They nearly severed her neck; still alive, she cursed them. They took her left arm too; she collapsed, and the Muslims abandoned her. Jinzhu found her still conscious: "The raiders took everything but a few old books in my bosom—take them!" She added, "I am dying—flee at once! Do not linger for me; if they return you will perish too." He reached for the books and turned back; she was dead.
117
王氏二女，香蘭、纏娃，秦州人。 同治八年，回亂，掠香蘭。 悅其色，以好言誘，不從； 刃脅，不屈。 欲走投崖，為賊追及，支解死。 纏娃年十六，尤麗。 賊縶以行，纏娃唾賊面罵，不少怯，亦見殺。
Wang Xianglan and Chanwa, sisters of Qinzhou. In Tongzhi 8 Muslims seized Xianglan. Taken for her looks, they coaxed her; she refused; they threatened her with knives; she would not yield. She ran for a cliff to leap; rebels caught her and hacked her apart. Chanwa was sixteen and famed for her beauty. Bound and marched off, Chanwa spat in a rebel's face, cursed without fear, and was killed.
118
馬安娃妻趙，秦州人。 莊而有容。 回亂，見執，纏賊，劙口，被數十創而死。 安娃母田、兄妻趙皆死。
Zhao, wife of Ma Anwa, was from Qinzhou. She was grave and handsome in bearing. Seized in the revolt, she clung to her captors; they slashed her mouth and hacked her to death. His mother Tian and his sister-in-law Zhao died as well.
119
王之綱妻李，亦秦州人。 扶姑避賊，賊及之，李捍賊刃，乞代姑，姑得間走，李乃罵賊。 賊剜其左目，被十餘刃而死。
Li, wife of Wang Zhigang, was also from Qinzhou. Fleeing with her mother-in-law, she blocked their blades and offered herself in the old woman's place; when her mother-in-law escaped she cursed the rebels. They gouged out her left eye and stabbed her more than ten times.
120
穆氏女，名芝，束鹿人。 幼慧。 同治七年，年十八，捻匪至，欲縶以去。 女哀之，不聽，乃呼其父曰：「速去！ 勿相顧，兒自有以處之。」 父行稍遠，芝厲聲詬賊，賊鞭之僕。 賊曰：「汝陽死，豈拾汝耶？」 就曳之，芝驟舉足創賊目，賊連刃刺之死。
Zhi, a Mu-clan daughter, was from Shulu. She had been clever since childhood. In Tongzhi 7, aged eighteen, Nian rebels came to seize her. She begged in vain, then shouted to her father, "Run! Do not look back—I know what to do." Once her father was far enough she cursed the rebels fiercely; they beat her down. One rebel sneered, "Playing at death—do you think we'd let you off?" Dragging her off, she kicked out and gouged a rebel's eye; they stabbed her to death.
121
張某妻蔡，秦安人。 同治中，回亂，蔡有色，回使執爨，不可； 與語兼嘲謔，蔡奪他賊刀刺之，傷賊手，見殺。
Cai, wife of a Zhang, was from Qin'an. In the Muslim revolt of the Tongzhi era, Muslims seized fair-faced Cai for kitchen work; she refused; when they mocked her she snatched another man's blade, wounded a hand, and was killed.
122
同縣程丁兒妻黃，執廚刀擊賊，不中，賊刳其腹，引腸懸樹上。
Huang, Cheng Dinger's wife in the same county, struck at rebels with a kitchen knife, missed, and was disemboweled; they hung her guts on a tree.
123
張氏女，小字純秀，年十七，有色。 為回得，堅縶之。 女止哭，求弛縛，度峭岩，聳身自擲岩下死。
Zhang Chunxiu, seventeen, was famed for her beauty. Muslims seized and bound her fast. She stopped crying, asked to be unbound, then hurled herself from a cliff.
124
趙貴賜妻任，甘肅安化人。 同治間，回亂，貴賜為團勇，戰死。 回入其家，任執廚刀伏戶側，回先入者，出不意，斫之，踣。 餘賊挺矛入，任反刃自殺。
Ren, wife of Zhao Guici, was from Anhua in Gansu. In the Tongzhi Muslim revolt Guici served in the local militia and fell in battle. Muslims entered; Ren hid with a kitchen knife and cut down the first man through the door. More rebels rushed in with spears; she turned the knife on herself.
125
楊貴升妻劉，伏羌人。 回執其姑，將捶楚，劉請代，不聽，取廚刀殲一賊，因自殺。
Liu, wife of Yang Guisheng, was from Fuqiang. Muslims seized her mother-in-law to beat her; Liu offered herself in exchange, then killed a rebel with a kitchen knife and took her own life.
126
多寶聘妻，宗室氏，多寶，赫舍里氏，失其所隸旗； 宗室氏，正藍旗人，大學士靈桂兄女。 未行，多寶卒，易衰絰，赴吊，立從子英爚為後。 靈桂以聞，穆宗書「未吉完貞」四字以賜。
Duobao's betrothed: Duobao was Heseri, his banner unrecorded; his bride was imperial lineage, Plain Blue Banner, daughter of Grand Secretary Linggui's brother. Duobao died before the wedding; she donned mourning, attended his rites, and set up his nephew Yingyao as heir. Linggui memorialized the throne; Emperor Muzong bestowed the four characters "Chastity preserved though unwed."
127
英爚亦早卒，妻鄂卓爾氏，蒙古正白旗人，大學士榮慶女弟。 婚甫踰月，姑、婦食貧守節。 光緒二十六年，義和拳為亂，各國合軍入京師，城破，多寶弟和寶妻，率傭婦入井； 多寶妻起，引藥飲其婦，視既絕，乃自飲，同殉。
Yingyao too died young; his wife was Ezhuo'er, Mongol Plain White Banner, Rongqing's younger sister. Barely a month wed, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law lived poor and chaste. In Guangxu 26 the Boxers rose; allied armies took Beijing; Hebao's wife led servants into a well; Duobao's widow fed poison to her sister-in-law, waited until she was gone, then drank and died with her.
128
公額布妻，西安駐防，失其所隸旗。 善事姑，三十而寡，教二子奎亮、奎喜，有禮法。 宣統三年九月，亂作，戒二子曰：「此我完節時，汝曹當努力報朝廷，毋念我！」 城破，率二子婦及孫定炎、成惠、孫女三入井死。 清中葉後，八旗多從漢姓，公額布妻姓關桑氏，奎亮妻關鄂氏，奎喜妻關白氏。
Gong'eboo's wife, Xi'an garrison, banner unrecorded. She cared for her mother-in-law, was widowed at thirty, and raised Kuiliang and Kuixi with ritual propriety. In the ninth month of Xuantong 3 she told her sons, "This is my hour to die with honor—serve the dynasty and forget me!" When the city fell she led her daughters-in-law and grandsons Dingyan and Chenghui and three granddaughters into a well. Mid-Qing Banner families often took Han names: she was Guansang; Kuiliang's wife was Guane; Kuixi's was Guanbai.
129
音德布女雪雁，西安駐防，正紅旗人。 幼慧，粗解文字。 亂作，從家人出避。 行遇兵，有誘之者，雪雁引刀斷其指，血沾衣，誘者驚卻。 又遇兵，強脅之，女大詬曰：「吾頭可斷，志不可奪！」 兵群起抶之，無完膚，女罵不絕，刃洞胸死之。
Xueyan, daughter of Yindebu, Xi'an garrison, Plain Red Banner. Bright as a child, she knew some writing. When the uprising began she fled with kin. Soldiers accosted her; she cut off a molester's finger and bloodied her clothes until he fled. More soldiers seized her; she cried, "You may take my head but not my will!" They beat her until no skin was whole; still cursing, they ran a blade through her chest.
130
良奎妻，從漢姓曰石甘氏，荊州駐防，滿洲鑲黃旗人，為駐藏大臣鳳全女兄。 鳳全自有傳。 貧，躬織紉供朝夕，諸子佐軍，迎母居武昌。 宣統三年八月，武昌兵起，諸子將奉母出避，力拒曰：「吾七十老婦，死何憾！」 諸子哭，麾之出，遽闔戶。 翌日，兵大掠，與子婦二、女子一、孫及女孫三，皆死之。
Liangkui's wife, known in Han as Shi Gan, Jingzhou garrison, Bordered Yellow Banner, was elder sister to Tibet commissioner Feng Quan. Feng Quan has a separate biography. In poverty she wove for their bread; her sons served the army and brought her to Wuchang. In the eighth month of Xuantong 3 the Wuchang mutiny broke out; her sons tried to move her, but she refused: "I am seventy—why fear death?" They wept; she drove them out and barred the door. Next day soldiers looted the city; she died with two daughters-in-law, a daughter, a grandson, and three granddaughters.
131
連惠妻，從漢姓曰趙那氏，京口駐防，失其所隸旗。 連惠咸豐間以前鋒從攻鎮江，戰死。 連惠妻以節旌。 宣統三年，年已逾八十。 九月兵起，出走，兵抽刃擊之，未殊，罵不絕，被數刃，乃絕。 血肉狼藉，白髮為之赤。
Lianhui's wife, Han name Zhao Na, Jingkou garrison, banner unrecorded. In the Xianfeng era Lianhui led the vanguard at Zhenjiang and fell. The court commended her chastity. By Xuantong 3 she was past eighty. When the September rising came she fled; soldiers slashed her; still cursing, she died under many cuts. Her flesh was torn and her white hair ran red with blood.
132
根瑞妻，從漢姓曰王劉氏，京口駐防，鑲白旗人。 父德永，有文譽，客授學子。 根瑞妻服父訓，早寡，以節旌。 無子，有女已嫁，依以居。 聞兵起，語女及女夫曰：「吾年六十二，被旌，當殉變。 爾曹將子女村居，得田十畝，耕且食，毋更求仕。」 俄聞副都統載穆死官，即求死，輒救免； 號泣不食，女及女夫跪進食，終不食，七日乃絕。
Genrui's wife, Han name Wang Liu, Jingkou garrison, Bordered White Banner. Her father Deyong was a noted scholar who tutored pupils. Widowed young, she heeded her father's teaching and was commended for chastity. Childless, she lived with her married daughter. When the rising began she told daughter and son-in-law, "I am sixty-two and was officially commended—I should die with the times. Take your children to the country, farm ten mu, and never seek office again." Soon she heard Vice Governor-General Zai Mu had died in office; she tried to kill herself but was saved; she wailed and fasted; kin begged her to eat; after seven days she died.
133
松文母吳，松文，荊州駐防，鑲藍旗人。 同治初，徙江寧，從漢姓為馮氏。 吳，荊州士人女也。 事姑孝，早寡，無子，松文，其族子也，立為後。 松文子富倫渾，才而早卒，松文哭子慟，亦卒。 松文妻康，富倫渾妻石，仍世守節。 宣統三年，兵起，江寧駐防軍潰，松文母年九十三矣，慟哭，以仍世守節，義不辱，首觸牆死。 康與婦石將諸孫自沉於水。 康死，石與子、女遇救免，康與石不詳其族系。
Wu, mother of Songwen: Jingzhou garrison, Bordered Blue Banner. Early in Tongzhi they moved to Jiangning and adopted the Han surname Feng. Wu was a Jingzhou scholar's daughter. Filial and widowed without sons, she adopted clansman Songwen as heir. Songwen's gifted son Fulunhun died young; Songwen mourned himself to death. Wives Kang and Shi kept chastity across generations. In Xuantong 3 the garrison broke; aged ninety-three, Songwen's mother wailed, then killed herself against the wall rather than be shamed. Kang and Shi drowned themselves in the water with the grandchildren. Kang died; Shi and her children were saved; their lineages are unclear.
134
姚叶敏妻耿，襄城人。 葉敏早卒，事舅姑盡禮。 立兄子為後。 武漢兵起，耿方病，襄城土豪為暴，掠婦子為質，耿懼辱，飲藥死。
Geng, wife of Yao Yemin, was from Xiangcheng. Widowed early, she served her in-laws with full propriety. She adopted her husband's brother's son as heir. During the Wuhan rising she was ill; a Xiangcheng bully seized hostages; fearing shame she poisoned herself.
135
陳某妻殷，秀水人。 宣統三年，殷從夫在郴州。 九月，長沙兵起，湘南諸府州應之，郴屬縣宜章、永興皆變，殷告夫誓相守以死。 夫趣殷將子女徙湘鄉，依戚屬避兵，殷不可； 強之，乃行。 瀕行，部署瑣雜事井井，入舟，抑鬱，語子女：「若曹免矣，若父奈何？」 湘鄉距郴千餘裡，俄傳郴破，殷憂悸不食，面深墨，戚屬相慰藉，陽為酬答。 十月壬子夕，戚屬同居者，聞啟戶聲，旋聞其季女驚呼阿母起，燭之，就堂後門衡自罄死矣。
Yin, wife of a Chen, was from Xiushui. In Xuantong 3 Yin was with her husband at Chenzhou. In the ninth month Changsha rose and southern Hunan followed; Yin swore to die with her husband. He urged her to flee with the children to Xiangxiang; she refused; forced, she at last departed. Before leaving she set every detail in order, then told her children on the boat, "You are safe—what of your father? A thousand li from Chen, news came the city had fallen; she stopped eating, her face went black, yet she pretended calm for kin. On renzi evening in the tenth month kin heard a door, then a daughter's cry; they found Yin hanged behind the hall.
136
黃晞妻周，江陰人。 晞父毓祺，明諸生，能文，明亡，發狂亡命。 有司得晞系諸獄，週聞自經，婢救之，不死； 乃日餽獄饘粥，夏不施帷，恣蚊囓，曰：「我遙與獄中共辛苦也！」 晞入獄十閱月，事小解，得出。 居無何，怨家告毓祺所在，死江寧按察使獄中。 有司籍其家，捕晞兄弟，兼收週，週夜投水，不死； 茹金屑，亦不死； 乃詣府，藏刃刺喉，血衝溢僕地。 知府驚其烈，問晞有女兄為女僧，命舁置所居庵，上按察使請釋週，按察使不許，下縣令再收週。 週創漸合，乃自歸，語縣役曰：「我不累若輩，第徐之，俟我死，持片紙去公家，事易了也。」 手檢晞單衣一，付老僕曰：「主人行久，無衷衣備澣濯，汝以此寄之！」 徐入室，闔戶自經乃死。 時順治七年十月丁巳，年二十八。 晞尚係按察使獄，聞周死，為文述其事，略言：「古成仁取義之士，所以趨死之道不一，由其一，皆可得死。 婦獨多途遍歷，靡苦不嚐，而顛跌頓撼，卒死於家。 一以顯百折不回之苦節，一以遂正命內寢之初心，天不可謂無意云。」 晞輸八旗為官奴，鄉人贖出之，得歸，為童子師，至七十餘乃卒。
Zhou, wife of Huang Xi, was from Jiangyin. Xi's father Yuqi, a Ming scholar, went mad and fled when the dynasty fell. Xi was jailed; Zhou tried to hang herself; a maid saved her; She sent him prison gruel daily, went without mosquito nets in summer, and said she shared his torment from afar. After ten months in prison he was released. Soon an enemy exposed Yuqi; he died in the Jiangning provincial prison. Officials seized the family; Zhou drowned herself but survived; she ate gold dust and still lived; she went to the prefecture, stabbed her throat, and collapsed in blood. The prefect sent her to a nunnery and asked the judge to release her; the judge refused and ordered her rearrested. When her wound healed she returned and told the runners to wait until she died, then take a note to the yamen. She gave an old servant one of Xi's undergarments for him in prison. She went inside, barred the door, and hanged herself. On dingsi in the tenth month of Shunzhi 7 she was twenty-eight. Still imprisoned, Xi wrote that ancient martyrs had many paths to death, any one sufficient. A wife alone tries every path of suffering and dies at last in her own house. Thus she showed unbroken resolve and died the death she first intended—Heaven had its design. Xi became a banner slave; kin ransomed him; he taught school until past seventy.
137
鄒延玠妻吳，武進人。 延玠，明諸生，順治八年，逮系江寧獄。 十年，見法。 吳自經，救不死。 十二年，延玠喪還葬。 十三年，有司复議收延玠家北徙。 吳乃迎母至，夜將半，起，請母所曰：「兒今固必死，安能俯首求旦夕活，作長安累囚婦耶？ 原母稍忍，成兒死。」 母泣不能言。 吳更衣拜佛，復向母曰：「兒欲為母拜，恐傷母心，兒不敢。 母老矣，勿以兒故過哀！」 因出一扇，曰：「此夫子南京寄我者。」 出一囊，曰：「有醫方，夫子所手校。 有書，夫子生平所習。 有發，夫子獄中所留也，仍乞以殉。」 复呼婢戒毋號。 乃自燃燭，持囊及扇還入室。 時雞甫鳴，母及婢傍徨哭，不敢出聲。 少頃，視吳，自經已絕。 死前一日，苦熱，吳祝曰：「安所得甘雨乎？」 遂雨竟日，人謂「節婦雨」。
Wu, wife of Zou Yanjue, was from Wujin. Yanjue, a Ming licentiate, was jailed at Jiangning in Shunzhi 8. In Shunzhi 10 he was executed. She tried to hang herself but survived. In Shunzhi 12 his body came home for burial. In Shunzhi 13 officials again planned to exile the family north. Near midnight she told her mother, "I must die today—I will not live as a convict's wife in Chang'an. Bear it a little and let me die." Her mother wept speechless. She dressed, bowed to Buddha, and said she dared not bow to her mother lest it break her heart. Mother is old—do not grieve too much for me! She brought out a fan: "My husband sent this from Nanjing." From a pouch: "His hand-corrected medical formulas. His lifelong books are here too. And hair he left in prison—bury these with him." She told the maid to stay silent. She lit a candle and took the pouch and fan inside. At cockcrow mother and maid wept softly outside. Soon they found her hanged dead. The day before she died in heat she prayed for rain. Rain fell all day; people called it the Chaste Widow's Rain.
138
陳生輝妻侯，單縣人。 順治初，盜掠生輝使牧馬。 縣北郭秦氏有馬，為盜掠，生輝乘以歸。 秦氏見馬訟生輝，生輝坐通寇死。 侯事姑，喪葬畢，並葬生輝，設祭自剄。
Hou, wife of Chen Shenghui, was from Shan County. Early in Shunzhi bandits seized him to tend horses. Bandits stole the Qin family's horse north of town; Shenghui rode it home. The Qins sued; he was convicted of colluding with bandits and executed. After the rites she buried him, made offerings, and cut her throat.
139
田一朋妻劉，通江人。 國初，一朋不從薙發令，坐當死，吏並縶劉去。 劉挾毒自隨，聞一朋將就刑，先服毒死。
Liu, wife of Tian Yipeng, was from Tongjiang. At the dynasty's founding Yipeng refused the tonsure edict and was condemned; Liu was seized with him. She carried poison and took it before he was executed.
140
蔣世珍妻劉，揚州人，失其縣。 世珍，順治中為廣東連平知州，有惠於民。 嶺海初定，土寇數發，諜報旁縣賊數千人鄉連平，行至。 世珍曰：「賊至，驚吾民，吾且往，權順逆強弱而為之所。」 單騎入賊中，諭其渠降，其渠為引退。 世珍宿賊營，翌旦乃還。 守備吳章者，故與世珍有隙，誣世珍通寇，告總兵黃應傑，應傑啟平南王尚可喜，捕世珍赴惠州獄，劉系置守備廨旁舍。 章將無禮於劉，劉怒叱去。 又遣婢說劉，劉曰：「死不可緩矣！」 遂縊而死。 世珍入獄病，亦死。 連平民葬劉州南烏石坳，為之碣，曰「正烈劉宜人之墓」。 嘉慶二十三年，知州陳鵬來上其事，乃得旌。
Liu, wife of Jiang Shizhen, was from Yangzhou; her county is lost. In Shunzhi he was magistrate of Lianping in Guangdong and was kind to the people. Bandits repeatedly rose; spies said thousands from a neighboring county were marching on Lianping. He said, "I will go alone and judge whether to coax or fight them." He rode in alone, persuaded their chief to withdraw. He spent the night in their camp and returned next day. Commander Wu Zhang slandered him to Huang Yingjie and Prince Pingnan; Shizhen was jailed at Huizhou; Liu was held near Wu's yamen. Wu Zhang meant to violate her; she drove him off with a shout. He sent a maid; she said, "Death cannot wait!" She hanged herself. Shizhen sickened in prison and died. Lianping buried her at Wushi'ao with a stele: "Tomb of the Upright and Fierce Lady Liu." In Jiaqing 23 Magistrate Chen Penglai memorialized and she was officially commended.
141
王有章妻羅，益陽人。 順治七年，盜殺有章父賡及家人男婦二十餘輩。 越三年，又殺有章，惟餘羅及有章妹頭貞，皆斷發剺面，號於有司。 曆八年，乃論殺盜渠。 羅謂頭貞曰：「我當報汝兄地下！」 因不食死。
Luo, wife of Wang Youzhang, was from Yiyang. In Shunzhi 7 bandits killed his father Geng and over twenty kin. Three years later they killed Youzhang; only Luo and sister Touzhen remained, hair cut and faces scarred, petitioning officials. After eight years the bandit leaders were executed. Luo told Touzhen, "I will answer to your brother underground!" She starved herself to death.
142
頭貞初字曹氏子，曹氏子以其毀容也，遂罷婚。 頭貞徙長沙，仇家有子赴試，誘至家，殪之。
Touzhen had been betrothed to a Cao; he broke the engagement when her face was ruined. In Changsha she lured an enemy's son who came for the exams and killed him.
143
樓文貴妻盧，東陽人。 文貴，農也，有鵝啄其麥，文貴驅鵝，傷鄰兒。 鄰兒呼，遂毆之，投水死。 裡豪喝文貴，使鬻妻以為解。 盧曰：「吾不忍生離！」 文貴怵得罪，因求死，盧曰：「吾與汝同死！」 遂入林偕縊。
Lu, wife of Lou Wengui, was from Dongyang. Farmer Wengui's goose damaged a neighbor's child while he chased it from his wheat. The child cried; he beat him; the boy drowned. A bully forced Wengui to sell his wife to settle the case. Lu said, "I cannot bear to part in life!" Fearing the law, he sought death; Lu said, "We die together!" They hanged themselves together in the woods.
144
沙木哈妻哈里克，滿洲鑲白旗人。 沙木哈，兵也，為弟三太所擊，垂斃，沙木哈妻誓身殉。 沙木哈言曰：「我止一弟，我死，弟抵罪。 守先墓，撫諸孤，復何人？ 汝當言於官，曲貰三太死。」 沙木哈遂死。 沙木哈妻叩閽，述沙木哈遺言，乞貰三太，聖祖命許之。 沙木哈妻得請，即自裁。 康熙三年正月壬午，禮部疏請旌表，聖祖令立石塚上，書其事始未。
Harike, wife of Shamha, Bordered White Banner. Soldier Shamha was beaten near death by his brother Santai; his wife vowed to die with him. Shamha said, "I have only one brother—if I die he pays with his life. Guard our graves and raise the orphans—who else remains? Tell the authorities to spare Santai." Shamha died. His wife petitioned the throne with his last wish; Kangxi pardoned Santai. Once pardon was granted she killed herself. In the first month of Kangxi 3 the Ministry of Rites sought commendation; Kangxi ordered a stone on the tomb recounting the whole affair.
145
鄭榮組妻徐，西安人。 榮組有族叔，無狀，毆其父，赴救，為所殺。 其子五元、七元遇仇於途，囓其鼻。 仇愬於縣，縣吏逮五元、七元，徐以冤白吏，吏不省，撞縣門碑死，時康熙二十七年六月事也。 典史某為具槥，露置城西鐵塔。 越七年，知縣陳鵬年為營葬，立祠於墓側。
Xu, wife of Zheng Rongzu, was from Xi'an. A dissolute clansman uncle beat Rongzu's father; Rongzu was killed trying to save him. Sons Wuyuan and Qiyuan met the killer and bit off his nose. The killer sued; clerks seized the sons; Xu protested, then killed herself on the county stele in the sixth month of Kangxi 27. A jail clerk coffined her and set her west of the iron pagoda. Seven years later Magistrate Chen Pengnian buried her and built a shrine.
146
張翼妻戴，名禮，烏程人。 翼父韜，嘗知休寧縣，託翼於其友王毅，毅以女妻焉。 韜卒，毅女亦死，繼室於戴。 毅子覬翼產，康熙六十年五月，誘至其家，迫作券，毆之垂斃，擠墮水。 舁歸，不能語，瞠視戴。 戴泣曰：「我一弱女子，不能為君復仇，當以死從君。」 齧指以誓。 越七日，翼死； 又十七日，戴自經，衣帶間得絕命詩三章。
Dai Li, wife of Zhang Yi, was from Wucheng. Yi's father Tao, once Xiuning magistrate, entrusted him to Wang Yi, who married him to his daughter. After Tao died Wang's daughter died too; Yi remarried a Dai. In the fifth month of Kangxi 60 Wang's son lured Yi, forced a bond, beat him, and pushed him into the water. Carried home, he could not speak and stared at Dai. Dai wept, "I cannot avenge you—I will die with you." She bit her finger in oath. Seven days later Yi died; Seventeen days later Dai hanged herself, leaving three death poems.
147
詹允迪妻吳，東陽人。 允迪不嗛於族人，為所中，坐危法下獄，吳期與俱死。 至其日，盡出金珠畀所識貧乏者，散諸婢僕，詣獄與允迪訣，瞠視不語者久之，歸自剄。
Wu, wife of Zhan Yundi, was from Dongyang. Clansmen framed Yundi; imprisoned under a harsh statute, Wu vowed to die with him. On the day she gave her jewels to the poor, dismissed servants, bade him farewell in prison, then cut her throat at home.
148
蔡以位妻孫，侯官人。 以位佐鹺商與私販者鬥而死，孫迎喪河干，自擲入水，以救免。 其娣，即其姊也，責以撫孤，乃不復言死。 官捕得私販者，法當檢驗，讞乃定，孫曰：「是重僇吾夫也！」 乃大戚。 官悲其意，為杖殺私販者。 喪再期，從容語其姊曰：「兒稍長，履可取諸市，不煩手自製矣。 兒昔病瘍，今愈矣。 不累我姊矣！」 或曰：「姑在，既祥，當更淺色履。」 孫曰：「然，姑徐之！」 至大祥，奠竟，入戶自經死。
Sun, wife of Cai Yiwei, was from Houguan. Yiwei died fighting salt smugglers; Sun threw herself into the river at his coffin but was saved. Her sister urged her to raise the orphans, and she ceased speaking of death. When the smuggler was caught the law required an inquest; Sun cried that would shame her husband twice. She grieved bitterly. The magistrate, moved, had the smuggler beaten to death. After two mourning cycles she told her sister the boy could buy shoes in the market now. His sores are healed. I no longer burden you! Someone said after the rites she should wear lighter mourning shoes. Sun said, "Yes—take your time, Mother-in-law!" At the end of the great mourning she hanged herself in her room.
149
楊春芳妻王，銅梁人。 乾隆十七年，其家火，春芳臥病，王入戶，負以行。 火逼不能出，子女奔赴，皆死。
Wang, wife of Yang Chunfang, was from Tongliang. In Qianlong 17 their house burned; she carried the ailing Chunfang out. Flames blocked the way; children rushed in and all perished.
150
王尊德妾唐，臨桂人。 尊德年八十，病劇，鄰家火，唐欲負以避，力不勝。 火迫，尊德揮使出，唐身翼蔽尊德，皆死。
Tang was Zunde's concubine, a native of Lingui. Zunde was eighty and dying; when a neighbor's house burned she tried to carry him but could not. He sent her out; she shielded him with her body; both died.
151
竇鴻妾郝，字湘娥，保定人。 十六為鴻妾，能詩善弈，畫兼工花草、士女。 有繩其才者，豪家謀奪之，不能。 嗾盜誣鴻死，湘娥因自經。 將死，為絕命詞，矢為厲以報。
Hao Xiang'e, concubine of Dou Hong, was from Baoding. At sixteen she entered his household, wrote poetry, played chess, and painted flowers and figures. Envious of her gifts, a powerful house tried to take her and failed. They set bandits to frame Hong; Xiang'e hanged herself. She wrote a death poem and swore to haunt them as a ghost.
152
章學閔妻董，名合珠，連江人。 故為婢，嫁學閔。 學閔貧不自聊，走死深山中。 董號泣求之，不知其存亡。 逾年，有樵入山，若有聲䰰䰰，行見遺骼委於地，只履在側。 出以語人，董聞曰：「得非吾夫乎？」 亟往視履，其手製也，拾餘骨瘞焉，即夕自經死。
Dong Hezhu, wife of Zhang Xueyin, was from Lianjiang. Once a maidservant, she married Xueyin. Destitute, Xueyin wandered into the mountains and died. Dong searched wailing, not knowing if he lived. A year later a woodcutter heard rustling in the hills and found bones and one shoe. He told others; Dong said, "Could that be my husband?" The shoe was her handiwork; she buried the bones and hanged herself that night.
153
杜聶齊妻何，聶齊，泰宁人； 何，將樂人。 聶齊死於虎，何求得屍，解衣拭其血。 斂畢，斥家財以葬，悉以其餘分戚族，遂自經。
He, wife of Du Nieqi: Nieqi was from Taining; She was a native of Jiangle. A tiger killed Nieqi; He found the body and wiped the blood with her own clothes. She buried him at her expense, gave the rest to kin, and hanged herself.
154
張氏婦，宿州人。 夫樵於野，遇狼，為所噬。 婦求得夫屍，以鐮絕脰死。
A Zhang-clan wife, from Suzhou. Her husband was gathering firewood when a wolf killed him. She found his body and cut her throat with a sickle.
155
寧化二婦，不知其氏。 其一，夫嗜博，母閉諸室中，不與飲食，婦導使出亡。 既，夫死於途，婦聞，自殺。 其一，夫行竊，父將殺之，婦泣為請免。 生二子，婦攜就母家，父卒殺其夫，婦聞，亦自殺。
Two women of Ninghua, surnames unknown. One husband gambled; his mother starved him in a room; his wife helped him escape. He died on the road; hearing of it, she killed herself. The other husband stole; his father meant to kill him; his wife begged for his life. She bore two sons and fled to her mother's house; her father-in-law still killed him; she killed herself on hearing it.