Volume 513 Biographies 300: Native Chieftain Biographies 2: Sichuan

1

四川邊境寥廓，歷代多設土司以相控制。明末，張獻忠屠蜀，石砫、酉陽、松潘、建昌等土司距險禦賊，其地獨全。清初，戡定川境，各土司次第效順。川之南有金川者，本明金川寺演化禪師哈伊拉木之後，分為大小金川。順治七年，小金川卜兒吉細歸誠，授原職。吳三桂亂後，康熙五年，其酋嘉納巴復來歸，給演化禪師印。其庶孫莎羅奔，以土舍將兵從將軍岳鍾琪征西藏羊峒番，雍正元年，奏授安撫司，居大金川；而舊土司澤旺居小金川，莎羅奔以女阿扣妻澤旺。澤旺懦，為妻所制。乾隆十一年，莎羅奔劫澤旺去，奪其印。十二年，又攻革布希劄及明正兩土司。

Sichuan's frontier is broad and sparsely settled; dynasties past commonly installed native chieftains to keep it in hand. In the late Ming, when Zhang Xianzhong ravaged Sichuan, the chieftains of Shizhu, Youyang, Songpan, Jianchang, and the like held the defiles against the rebels, and their districts alone escaped destruction. Early in the Qing, once the province was brought to order, the chieftains one after another pledged allegiance. To the south lay Jinchuan, whose line traced back to Hayilamu, the Evolved Chan Master of the Ming-era Jinchuan Temple, and which had split into Greater and Lesser Jinchuan. In Shunzhi 7 (1650), Bu'erjixi of Lesser Jinchuan came over in submission and was confirmed in his former post. After Wu Sangui's revolt, in Kangxi 5 (1666) the chief Jianaba submitted once more and received the seal of Evolved Chan Master. A collateral descendant, Suoluo Ben, had led native troops under General Yue Zhongqi against the Yangdong Tibetans; in Yongzheng 1 (1723) he was recommended for the pacification commissionership and established himself in Greater Jinchuan; while the former chieftain Zewang remained in Lesser Jinchuan, Suoluo Ben marrying his daughter A'kou to him. Zewang was weak-willed and ruled by his wife. In Qianlong 11 (1746), Suoluo Ben abducted Zewang and seized his official seal. The next year he attacked the Gebuxizha and Mingzheng chieftainships as well.

2

朝廷調張廣泗總督四川，進駐澤旺所居美諾官寨，而以其弟良爾吉從征。時莎羅奔居勒烏圍，其兄子郎卡居噶爾厓，地在大金川河東，而河西亦有地數百里。廣泗調兵三萬，一路出川西攻河東，一路出川南攻河西。而河東一路又分為四，以兩路攻勒烏圍，以兩路攻噶爾厓，河西亦分兩路，攻庚特額諸山，刻期蕆事。阻險不前，上命大學士公訥親往視師，起嶽鍾琪於廢籍。鍾琪與廣泗議定，自任由黨壩取勒烏圍，而廣泗由昔嶺取噶爾厓。會訥親至，下令限三日克噶爾厓，總兵任舉、參將買國良戰死。廣泗輕訥親不知兵，而惡其淩己，故飾推讓，實以困之，軍中解體。良爾吉夙與阿扣通，莎羅奔因使成配，倚作間諜，官軍動息輒為所備。師久無功，上怒甚，會訥親劾廣泗，於是逮廣泗入京，而命大學士傅恆為經略，代訥親。冬，殺廣泗，賜訥親死。十二月，傅恆至軍，斬良爾吉、王秋、阿扣以斷內應。

The court appointed Zhang Guangsi governor-general of Sichuan. He moved up to Zewang's seat at Meinuo and brought Zewang's younger brother Liang'erji along on the expedition. Suoluo Ben held Lewuwei while his nephew Langka held Ga'erya on the east bank of the Greater Jinchuan River, with hundreds of li of domain on the west bank as well. Guangsi assembled thirty thousand men, one column marching from western Sichuan against the east bank and another from the south against the west bank. The eastern force split four ways—two against Lewuwei, two against Ga'erya—while the western force divided in two to strike the Gengte'e hills, all on a set schedule to bring the campaign to a close. Stalled by the terrain, the court sent Grand Secretary Duke Neqin to take charge of the army and recalled Yue Zhongqi from retirement. Zhongqi and Guangsi agreed that Zhongqi would advance via Dangba on Lewuwei while Guangsi moved through Xiling against Ga'erya. When Neqin arrived he gave a three-day deadline for taking Ga'erya; Regional Commander Ren Ju and Assistant Commander Mai Guoliang were killed in the fighting. Guangsi despised Neqin as a civilian amateur and resented his high-handedness; he made a show of yielding while actually obstructing him, and morale in the ranks collapsed. Liang'erji had long carried on with A'kou; Suoluo Ben encouraged the affair and used them as spies, so the rebels were forewarned of every government move. After months without victory the emperor's wrath was fierce. Neqin impeached Guangsi, who was arrested and sent to the capital; Grand Secretary Fu Heng was appointed to replace him as campaign director. That winter Guangsi was put to death and Neqin was ordered to take his own life. In the twelfth month Fu Heng reached headquarters and executed Liang'erji, Wang Qiu, and A'kou to sever the rebels' inside contacts.

3

十四年春正月，奏言：「金川之事，臣到軍以來，始知本末。當紀山進討之始，惟馬良柱轉戰直前，逾沃日，收小金川，直抵丹噶，其鋒甚銳。其時張廣泗若速濟師策應，乘賊守備未周，殄滅尚易；乃坐失機會，宋宗璋逗留於雜谷，許應虎失機於的郊，致賊得盡據險要，增碉備禦，七路、十路之兵無一路得進。及訥親至軍，嚴切催戰，任舉敗歿，銳挫氣索，晏起偷安，一以軍務委張廣泗。廣泗又聽奸人所愚，惟恃以卡逼卡、以碉逼碉之法，槍砲惟及堅壁，於賊無傷，而賊不過數人，從暗擊明，槍不虛發，是我惟攻石，而賊實攻人。且於碉外開壕，兵不能越，而賊得伏其中自下擊上。又戰碉銳立，高於中土之塔，建造甚巧，數日可成，隨缺隨補，頃刻立就。且人心堅固，至死不移，碉盡碎而不去，砲方過而人起，主客勞佚，形勢迥殊，攻一碉難於克一城。即臣所駐卡撒山頂，已有三百餘碉，計半月旬日得一碉，非數年不能盡。且得一碉輒傷數十百人，較唐人之攻石峰堡，尤為得不償失。惟有使賊失其所恃，而我兵乃得展其所長。臣擬俟大兵齊集，別選銳師，旁探間道，裹糧直入，逾碉勿攻，繞出其後，即以圍碉之兵作為護餉之兵。番眾無多，外備既密，內守必虛。我兵即從捷徑搗入，則守碉之番各懷內顧，人無固志，均可不攻自潰。至於奮勇固仗滿兵，而鄉導必用土兵，土兵中小金川尤驍勇。今良爾吉之奸諜已誅，澤旺與賊仇甚切，驅策用之，自可得力。至沃日、瓦寺兵強而少，雜棱、綽斯甲等兵眾而懦。明正、木坪忠順有餘，強悍不足。革什乍兵銳，可當一路。是各土司環攻分地之說雖不可恃，而未嘗不可資其兵力。臣決計深入，不與爭碉，惟俟四面佈置，出其不意，直搗巢穴，取其渠魁，定於四月間報捷。」上屢奉皇太后息武寧邊之諭，命傅恆班師。時傅恆及鍾琪兩路連克碉卡，軍聲大振，莎羅奔乞降於鍾琪，鍾琪輕騎徑赴其巢，賊大感動，頂佛經立誓聽約束。次日，鍾琪率莎羅奔父子坐皮船出洞詣大軍，莎羅奔等叩顙，誓遵六事，歸各土司侵地，獻凶酋，納軍械，歸兵民，供徭役。乃宣詔赦其死。諸番焚香作樂，獻金佛謝。二月，捷聞，詔賞傅恆、鍾琪等。

In the first month of Qianlong 14 (1749) he memorialized: 'Concerning Jinchuan, only since I joined the army have I grasped how the matter began and where it stands. When Jishan first marched in, only Ma Liangzhu drove straight forward, crossed Wori, recovered Lesser Jinchuan, and pushed on to Danga with tremendous momentum. Had Zhang Guangsi hurried reinforcements forward while the rebels' defenses were still thin, wiping them out would have been straightforward; instead the chance was wasted: Song Zongzhang stalled at Zagu and Xu Yinghu lost his opening at Dijiao, allowing the rebels to seize every strong point, throw up blockhouses, and block every one of the seven or ten columns sent against them. When Neqin arrived he pressed for action; Ren Ju's defeat broke the army's spirit, and Neqin himself rose late and sought comfort, leaving everything to Zhang Guangsi. Guangsi, misled by bad counsel, relied on driving stockade against stockade and tower against tower; cannon fire battered stone walls without touching the defenders, while a handful of rebels fired from cover into the open with deadly accuracy—we were battering stone while they were killing men. They dug trenches around the towers so our men could not cross, while the rebels lay in wait below to shoot upward. Their fighting towers rose higher than any tower in China proper, ingeniously built in days and rebuilt the moment one fell. The defenders' resolve was iron; they would not quit even when a tower was smashed, and rose again the moment our cannon fire lifted. We wore ourselves out while they rested at ease—capturing a single tower was harder than taking a walled city. On Kasashan alone, where I am encamped, there are already more than three hundred towers; at half a month or ten days per tower, years would be required to reduce them all. Each tower cost us dozens or hundreds of casualties—a worse bargain even than the Tang siege of Shifeng Fortress. We must deprive the enemy of what they rely on before our troops can fight to their advantage. I propose that when the main army is assembled we detach elite columns to find hidden routes, march in with pack provisions, bypass the towers without assaulting them, and turn the troops now tied down before the towers into escorts for our supply lines. The tribesmen are few in number; with their outer defenses stretched thin, the interior must be poorly guarded. If we strike in by a fast route, the tower garrisons will fear for their homes, lose heart, and collapse without a fight. Bold assaults must rely on Manchu troops, but guides must be native levies—and among them the men of Lesser Jinchuan are the fiercest. With Liang'erji's treachery ended, Zewang's hatred of the rebels can be turned to good account if we press him into service. Wori and Wasi field strong but small contingents; Zaling, Chuosijia, and similar chieftains have numbers but little fight in them. Mingzheng and Muping are loyal enough but not fierce enough. Geshizha's warriors are keen and can take a column on their own. The scheme of having every chieftain invest separate districts cannot be counted on, but their forces can still be used to advantage. I am resolved to push deep inland without fighting for every tower, deploy on all sides, take them by surprise, strike their stronghold, seize the leaders, and report victory by the fourth month.' The emperor had repeatedly received the Empress Dowager's counsel to cease fighting and pacify the frontier, and ordered Fu Heng to withdraw. By then Fu Heng and Zhongqi were sweeping tower after tower on both fronts, and morale soared. Suoluo Ben sued for peace through Zhongqi, who rode lightly straight to the rebel stronghold; deeply moved, the rebels swore on the Buddhist scriptures to submit. The next day Zhongqi brought Suoluo Ben and his kin out by skin boat to the main camp. They kowtowed and pledged six terms: restore seized chieftain lands, hand over rebel leaders, surrender arms, return captives, and furnish labor service. An edict was then read pardoning them from death. The tribesmen burned incense, made music, and presented a golden Buddha in gratitude. In the second month victory was reported and Fu Heng, Zhongqi, and their colleagues were rewarded by edict.

4

既而莎羅奔兄子郎卡主土司事，漸桀驁。二十三年，逐澤旺及革布希劄土司。三十一年，詔四川總督阿勒泰檄九土司環攻之。九土司者，巴旺、丹壩、沃日、瓦寺、綽斯甲布、明正、木坪、革布希乍及小金川也。巴旺、丹壩皆彈丸，非金川敵。明正、瓦寺形勢阻隔，其力足制金川。而地相逼者，莫如綽斯甲布與小金川。阿勒泰不知離其黨與，反聽兩金川釋仇締約，自是狼狽為奸，諸小土司咸不敢抗。時澤旺老病不問事，郎卡亦旋死，其子索諾木與僧格桑侵鄂克什土司地。

Suoluo Ben's nephew Langka then assumed the chieftainship and grew increasingly unruly. In Qianlong 23 (1758) he expelled Zewang and the Gebuxizha chieftain. In Qianlong 31 (1766) the court ordered Governor-General Aletai of Sichuan to mobilize nine chieftains for a joint siege. The nine were Bawang, Danba, Wori, Wasi, Chuosijiabu, Mingzheng, Muping, Gebuxizha, and Lesser Jinchuan. Bawang and Danba were tiny domains and no match for Jinchuan. Mingzheng and Wasi, though separated by terrain, had strength enough to check Jinchuan. The chieftains whose lands bordered Jinchuan most closely were Chuosijiabu and Lesser Jinchuan. Aletai failed to drive a wedge between them and instead let Greater and Lesser Jinchuan reconcile and ally; from then on they worked hand in glove, and the smaller chieftains dared not stand up to them. Zewang was aged and infirm and took no part in affairs; Langka soon died as well, and his son Suonuomu with Senggesang encroached on E'keshi territory.

5

三十六年，索諾木誘殺革布希劄土官，而僧格桑再攻鄂克什及明正土司，與官軍戰。上以前此出師，本以救小金川。今小金川反悖逆，罪不赦。賜阿勒泰死，命大學士溫福自雲南赴四川，以尚書桂林為四川總督，共討賊。溫福由汶川出西路，桂林由打箭爐出南路。僧格桑求援於索諾木，索諾木潛兵助之。三十七年春，桂林克復革布希劄土司故地，溫福克資里及阿喀。朝廷以阿桂為參贊大臣，代桂林赴南路。十一月，阿桂以皮船宵濟，連奪險隘，直搗賊巢。十二月，軍抵美諾，進至底木達，俘澤旺，檄索諾木縛獻僧格桑，不應。

In Qianlong 36 (1771) Suonuomu treacherously killed the Gebuxizha chieftain, while Senggesang again attacked E'keshi and Mingzheng and clashed with government troops. The emperor observed that the earlier campaign had been mounted to save Lesser Jinchuan. Lesser Jinchuan had now turned rebel in its turn, a crime beyond pardon. Aletai was ordered to take his own life; Grand Secretary Wenfu was sent from Yunnan to Sichuan and Minister Guilin appointed governor-general to join the campaign against the rebels. Wenfu advanced from Wenchuan on the western route and Guilin from Dajianlu on the south. Senggesang appealed to Suonuomu, who sent troops to his aid in secret. In the spring of Qianlong 37 (1772) Guilin recovered Gebuxizha's former domain and Wenfu took Zili and Aka. Agui was appointed participating minister to replace Guilin on the southern front. In the eleventh month Agui crossed by night in skin boats, seized pass after pass, and drove straight for the rebel stronghold. In the twelfth month the army reached Meinuo and pushed on to Dimuda, capturing Zewang and demanding that Suonuomu hand over Senggesang bound; he refused.

6

上命溫福為定邊將軍，阿桂、豐伸額為副將軍。溫福、阿桂奏六路進兵之策。溫福由功噶入，阿桂由當噶入，豐伸額由綽斯甲布入。三十八年春，溫福以賊扼險不得進，別取道攻昔嶺，駐營木果木，令提督董天弼分屯底木達，守小金川之地。溫福為人剛愎，不廣諮方略，惟襲廣泗故智，以碉卡逼碉卡，建築千計。初索諾木欲並小金川地，故留僧格桑挾以號召。六月，陰遣小金川頭目等由美諾溝出煽故降番使復叛。諸番見大軍久頓，蜂起應之，攻陷天弼營，遂劫糧台，潛兵襲木果木，奪砲局，斷汲道，賊四面蹂入大營，溫福死之，將士隨員死者數十人，各卡兵望風潰。海蘭察聞警赴援，殿眾由間道退出，收集潰卒，尚萬數千人，其戰歿者三千餘，小金川地復陷。惟阿桂一軍屹然不動，乃整隊出屯翁古爾壟。

Wenfu was named Pacification Commissioner of the Border with Agui and Fengshen'e as his deputies. Wenfu and Agui proposed a six-column advance. Wenfu would enter via Gongga, Agui via Dangga, and Fengshen'e via Chuosijiabu. In the spring of Qianlong 38 (1773) Wenfu, blocked by the rebels in the passes, swung toward Xiling and encamped at Muguomu, leaving Provincial Commander Dong Tianbi at Dimuda to hold Lesser Jinchuan. Wenfu was stubborn and rarely sought counsel; he merely repeated Guangsi's tactic of tower against tower, throwing up thousands of blockhouses. Suonuomu had wanted to absorb Lesser Jinchuan and kept Senggesang as a figurehead to rally support. In the sixth month he secretly sent Lesser Jinchuan leaders through the Meinuo gorge to stir up formerly subdued tribes into revolt. Seeing the main army bogged down, the tribes rose everywhere, overran Tianbi's camp, looted the supply depot, and fell on Muguomu by surprise, seizing the artillery park and cutting off the water supply. Rebels poured into the main camp from all sides; Wenfu was killed along with dozens of his staff, and garrisons along the line collapsed without a fight. Hailancha rushed to the rescue, covered the retreat along a back trail, and rallied the fugitives—still some ten thousand men, though more than three thousand had fallen and Lesser Jinchuan was lost again. Only Agui's column held firm; he re-formed his troops and withdrew to encamp at Wenggu'erlong.

7

上在熱河聞報，召大學士劉統勳詣行在咨之。統勳前言金川不必勞師，至是亦主用兵。乃授阿桂定西將軍，豐伸額、明亮為副將軍。十月，阿桂改赴西路，明亮赴南路。豐伸額仍由綽斯甲布進取宜喜，阿桂入自鄂克什，轉戰五晝夜，直抵美諾，克之；明亮入自瑪爾裏，所向皆捷，遂盡復小金川地。

At his summer retreat in Rehe the emperor heard the news and summoned Grand Secretary Liu Tongxun for counsel. Liu Tongxun had once argued that Jinchuan did not warrant a major campaign; now he too urged continued military action. Agui was named Pacification General of the West, with Fengshen'e and Mingliang as his deputies. In the tenth month Agui moved to the western front and Mingliang to the south. Fengshen'e pressed on from Chuosijiabu toward Yixi while Agui entered from E'keshi, fought five days and nights without rest, and stormed Meinuo; Mingliang advanced from Ma'erli with uninterrupted success and fully recovered Lesser Jinchuan.

8

惟大金川自十二三年以來，全力抗守，增壘設險，嚴密十倍小金川。七月，令諸軍分攻各碉寨，數十道並進。海蘭察率死士六百削壁猱引而上，趾頂相接，比明及其碉，一湧入，盡殲守賊。數十里賊寨聞之皆奪氣，悉破之，乘勝臨遜克宗壘。索諾木酖殺僧格桑而獻其屍，及其妻妾頭目，至軍乞赦己罪。阿桂檻送京師。四十年四月，阿桂先使福康安、海蘭察赴河西助明亮攻宜喜，遂分兵六路，盡滅河西二十里內之賊。五月，阿桂河東之軍破朗噶寨，距勒烏圍僅數里，環營進逼其巢。七月，抵勒烏圍。八月十五夜，進搗賊巢，四面砲轟官寨，破之。黎明，克轉經樓，逸賊皆溺水死。莎羅奔兄弟及各頭目已先期遁往噶爾崖。十一月，官軍攻克科布曲山。十二月，遂據瑪爾古山，噶爾崖即在其下。索諾木之母姑姊妹亦降。官軍三路合圍噶爾崖，斷其水道。索諾木使其兄詣營乞哀，不允。圍攻益急，索諾木從莎羅奔及其妻子挈番眾二千餘出寨，奉印獻軍門降，金川平。四十一年正月，獻俘廟社，封賞阿桂等，勒碑太學，並及兩金川。旋於大金川設阿爾古廳，小金川設美諾廳。四十四年，並阿爾古入美諾，改為懋功廳。

Greater Jinchuan alone, since the first campaign of the 1740s, had resisted with all its strength, fortifying its defenses to a degree ten times that of Lesser Jinchuan. In the seventh month he ordered columns to assault the towers and stockades on dozens of fronts at once. Hailancha led six hundred picked men who scaled the cliff face on ropes, toe to heel, reached the tower at dawn, and stormed in, slaughtering the entire garrison. Rebel posts for miles around lost heart, fell one after another, and the victors pressed on to the fortress of Xunkezong. Suonuomu poisoned Senggesang and brought his corpse, along with his wives, concubines, and chiefs, to the camp to plead for his own life. Agui sent him to the capital in chains. In the fourth month of Qianlong 40 (1775) Agui sent Fukang'an and Hailancha west of the river to help Mingliang at Yixi, then split his force into six columns and cleared the rebels from twenty li of the west bank. In the fifth month Agui's eastern force took Langga stockade, only a few li from Lewuwei, and ringed the rebel stronghold with camps. In the seventh month they reached Lewuwei. On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival they assaulted the rebel nest; cannon fire from all sides shattered the chief stockade. At dawn they seized the prayer hall; fleeing rebels drowned in the river. Suoluo Ben's kin and the rebel chiefs had already slipped away to Ga'erya. In the eleventh month government forces took Mount Kebuqu. In the twelfth month they seized Mount Ma'ergu, with Ga'erya directly beneath them. Suonuomu's mother, aunts, and sisters surrendered as well. Government forces converged on Ga'erya from three directions and cut off its water. Suonuomu sent his brother to plead for mercy at the camp; the plea was refused. As the siege tightened, Suonuomu followed Suoluo Ben and his family out with more than two thousand tribesmen, surrendered the seal at headquarters, and Jinchuan was pacified. In the first month of Qianlong 41 the captives were presented at the state temples, Agui and his colleagues were rewarded, and a commemorative stele was erected at the Imperial Academy honoring the pacification of both Jinchuans. Greater Jinchuan was organized as the A'ergu subprefecture and Lesser Jinchuan as the Meinuo subprefecture. In Qianlong 44 the two districts were merged into the Maogong subprefecture.

9

同治二年，粵匪石達開竄寧遠，假道卭部土司。土司先受官軍約束，引賊至紫打地。四面阻絕，達開糧罄路窮，射書千戶王應元買路，復使人說土司嶺承恩求緩兵，皆不應，日殺馬煮桑葉為食。四月，承恩、應元等偵賊力竭，率夷眾蹙攻，擒達開並賊官五人付官軍，檻送成都，四川總督駱秉章誅之。奏加承恩、應元二品銜，賊軍錙重悉為兩土司所得。

In Tongzhi 2 the Taiping commander Shi Dakai fled into Ningyuan by way of the Qiongbu chieftain's domain. The chieftain, acting on government orders, lured the rebels to Zida. Surrounded on every side, Dakai ran out of food and escape routes; he sent word offering Wang Yingyuan a bribe for safe passage and asked Chieftain Ling Chengen to intercede for a truce, but both pleas were refused. His men killed horses and boiled mulberry leaves to survive. In the fourth month Chengen and Yingyuan, seeing the rebels exhausted, led tribal levies in a final assault, captured Dakai and five of his officers, and delivered them to government troops for transport to Chengdu, where Governor-General Luo Bingzhang had them executed. Chengen and Yingyuan were recommended for second-rank honors; the two chieftains took all the rebel army's supplies as spoil.

10

初，瞻對土司恃強不法，雍正八年，四川提督黃廷桂剿降之。乾隆十年，四川提督李質粹等率兵五千，取道東俄落，至裏塘進兵，連破番寨，獲賊首噶籠丹坪。十一年，質粹會欽差大臣班第，統兵進克泥日寨，燒斃番酋薑錯太，撫定丫魯、下密等處番夷。嘉慶十九年，中瞻對土司洛布七力劫掠鄰番，抗捕傷兵。二十年，四川總督常明、提督多隆武領兵剿之，恃險死拒。重慶鎮總兵羅思舉力戰破其巢，洛布七力焚死，分其地入上下瞻對。

Earlier the Drayak chieftain had grown lawless through sheer force; in Yongzhi 8 Provincial Commander Huang Tinggui subdued him by arms. In Qianlong 10 Li Zhicui led five thousand men through Dong'eluo and advanced from Litang, storming stockade after stockade and capturing the rebel leader Galong Danping. The next year Zhicui joined Imperial Commissioner Bandi, took Niri stockade, killed the chieftain Jiangcuotai in the fighting, and pacified the tribes of Yalu, Xiami, and neighboring districts. In Jiaqing 19 the Central Drayak chieftain Luobuqili raided neighboring tribes, resisted arrest, and wounded government troops. In Jiaqing 20 Governor-General Chang Ming and Provincial Commander Duolongwu marched against him; he held the passes and fought to the last. Regional Commander Luo Siju stormed his stronghold; Luobuqili died in the flames, and his domain was split between Upper and Lower Drayak.

11

洎咸豐中，土司工布朗結為人沉鷙，兼併上下瞻對之地，欲擁康部全境以抗川拒藏，鄰近各土司割地求免，貢賦唯命。至是藏人怒，求四川出兵，秉章派道員史致康率師會藏進討。致康怯，頓打箭爐久，藏番需茶急，馳兵克之，殺工布朗結父子，致康始逡巡至。藏人索兵費銀十六萬兩，秉章未允，藏人因據其地，設官兵駐守。

By the Xianfeng period Chieftain Gongbulangjie, a ruthless and cunning man, had absorbed Upper and Lower Drayak and aimed to dominate all of Kham against both Sichuan and Tibet. Neighboring chieftains ceded land to buy peace and paid tribute at his whim. The Tibetans, enraged, appealed to Sichuan for troops; Bingzhang sent Circuit Intendant Shi Zhikang to join them in a punitive expedition. Zhikang, timid by nature, lingered at Dajianlu while the Tibetans, desperate for tea, rushed in and killed Gongbulangjie and his son; only then did Zhikang belatedly appear. The Tibetans demanded 160,000 taels in war costs; Bingzhang refused, and they occupied the region and garrisoned it with their own troops.

12

光緒初，丁寶楨為四川總督，以瞻對藏官虐民，往往激變，每歲派員帶兵出關彈壓。劉秉璋繼之，稍寬縱，藏官益驕橫。各土司多被威脅，唯明正土司地大，不之服，頻年爭鬥。十五年，瞻對內訌，逐藏官，乞內附，秉璋不許，唯治番官及亂民數人罪，由藏易官，且添駐堪布一人，兵八百名助守。二十年，硃窩、章谷土司爭襲滋事，瞻對番官率兵越境干預，開槍傷我官兵。四川總督鹿傳霖奏瞻對為蜀門戶，宜設法收回內屬，派提督周萬順、知縣張繼率兵出關，擊敗番兵，不三月，克瞻對並德爾格忒即疊蓋。舊名保蓋。全境，擒德格土司夫婦，解至成都，議敘改設流官。成都將軍恭壽憤傳霖不先會商，結駐藏大臣文海，密奏劾傳霖，翻原案，復德格土司職，仍以瞻對屬藏。

Early in the Guangxu reign Governor-General Ding Baozhen found that Tibetan officials in Drayak oppressed the people and provoked frequent unrest, and each year he sent troops beyond the frontier passes to restore order. His successor Liu Bingzhang was more lenient, and the Tibetan officials grew bolder still. Most chieftains were cowed into submission; only Mingzheng, with its large domain, refused to yield, and fighting broke out year after year. In Guangxu 15 civil strife in Drayak drove out the Tibetan officials, who petitioned to come under direct Chinese rule. Bingzhang refused annexation, punished only a few ringleaders, replaced the Tibetan administration, and posted an additional khenpo with eight hundred troops. In Guangxu 20 succession disputes at Zhuyao and Zhanggu drew in Drayak Tibetan officials, who crossed the border with troops and fired on Chinese soldiers. Governor-General Lu Chuanlin argued that Drayak was the gateway to Sichuan and must be brought back under direct rule. He sent Provincial Commander Zhou Wanshun and Magistrate Zhang Ji beyond the passes; within three months they defeated the Tibetan forces and took both Drayak and Derge. Formerly known as Baogai. The whole region was secured, the Dege chieftain and his wife were captured and sent to Chengdu, and plans were drawn up to replace native rule with regular officials. Chengdu General Gong Shou, furious that Chuanlin had not consulted him, joined Tibet's Resident Commissioner Wenhain a secret impeachment that reversed the decision, restored the Dege chieftain, and left Drayak under Tibetan jurisdiction.

13

三十一年春，駐藏大臣鳳全被戕於巴塘，四川總督錫良奏請以四川提督馬維騏、建昌道趙爾豐進討。維騏率師先發。先是泰凝寺產沙金，錫良准商人採辦，幷派兵彈壓。寺中喇嘛反抗，殺都司盧鳴颺，瞻對潛助其亂，維騏出關討平之。六月，攻克巴塘，擒正土司羅進寶、副土司郭宗隆保，誅之，移其妻子於成都安置。八月，爾豐至，殺堪布喇嘛及首惡數人祭鳳全。維騏班師回，爾豐接辦善後，派兵剿倡亂之七村溝，並搜捕餘匪，因移師討鄉城。次年閏四月，克之，並攻克稻壩、貢噶嶺，一律肅清。於是爾豐建籌邊議，錫良以聞。朝廷特設督辦川滇邊務大臣，授爾豐。邊地在川、滇、甘、藏、青海間，縱橫各四五千里，土司居十之五，餘地歸呼圖克圖者十之一，清代賞藏者十之一，流為野番者十之三。爾豐改巴塘、裏塘地設治，以所部防軍五營分駐之。回川會商，錫良派道員趙淵出關坐鎮。

In the spring of Guangxu 31 Resident Commissioner Feng Quan was murdered at Batang; Governor-General Xiliang recommended Provincial Commander Ma Weiqi and Circuit Intendant Zhao Erfeng for a punitive campaign. Weiqi marched out first with the main force. Earlier, placer gold had been found at Taining Monastery; Xiliang licensed merchant mining and sent troops to keep order. The lamas resisted, killing Battalion Commander Lu Mingyang, with covert aid from Drayak; Weiqi crossed the frontier and suppressed the revolt. In the sixth month Batang fell; Principal Chieftain Luo Jinbao and Deputy Chieftain Guo Zonglongbao were captured and executed, and their families were resettled in Chengdu. In the eighth month Erfeng arrived and executed the khenpo and other ringleaders in retribution for Feng Quan's murder. Weiqi withdrew while Erfeng took over pacification, suppressed the rebel Qicungou district, hunted down stragglers, and then marched against Xiangcheng. In the intercalary fourth month of the following year Xiangcheng fell, along with Daoba and Gonggaling, and the whole region was pacified. Erfeng then drew up a frontier development plan, which Xiliang forwarded to the court. The court created a special post of Director-General of Sichuan-Yunnan Frontier Affairs and gave it to Erfeng. The frontier belt between Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, Tibet, and Qinghai stretched thousands of li in every direction: native chieftains held half the land, khutukhtu domains a tenth, Qing grants to Tibet another tenth, and wild tribes the remaining three-tenths. Erfeng established civil administration at Batang and Litang and garrisoned them with five battalions of frontier troops. On returning to Sichuan for consultations, Xiliang sent Circuit Intendant Zhao Yuan beyond the passes to hold the frontier command.

14

三十三年，爾豐護理四川總督，奏准部撥開邊費銀一百萬兩。三十四年，授爾豐駐藏辦事大臣，仍兼邊務大臣，募西軍三營，率之出關。時德格土司爭襲，構亂久，爾豐奏請往辦，經泰凝、道塢、章穀、倬倭、麻書、孔撒、白利、糸戎壩、擦玉龍、濯拉、擴洛垛以至更慶。十二月，攻逆酋昂翁降白仁青等於贈科，匪竄雜渠卡。宣統元年四月，攻雜渠卡。五月，戰於麻木。六月，追匪十日程至卡納，一戰肅清，改流其地，並改春科、高日兩土司地及靈蔥土司之郎吉嶺村歸流。十月，四川兵入藏，藏番扼察木多以西地阻之，劫糧擄官。爾豐率邊軍渡金沙江，逾雪山，抵察木多，送川兵行，於是三十九族、波密、八宿均請附邊轄。三十九族者：曰夥爾，曰圖嘛魯，曰吉寧塔克，曰尼牙木查，曰松嘛巴，曰勒達克，曰多嘛巴，曰達爾羊巴，曰他瑪，曰夥兒，曰拉寒，他瑪、夥兒、拉寒三族共一土司。曰夥耳，曰瓊布噶，曰瓊布色爾查，曰瓊布納克魯，曰紮瑪爾，曰上阿紮，曰下阿紮，曰上奪爾樹，曰下奪爾樹，曰上剛噶爾，曰下剛噶爾，曰他瑪爾，曰提瑪爾，曰枳多，曰哇拉，枳多、哇拉二族共一土司。曰麻弄，曰布川目桑，曰書達格魯克，曰奔盆，曰策令畢魯，曰色爾查，曰納布貢巴，曰結拉克汁，曰拉巴，曰三渣，曰朴樸，皆自為部落。設土總百戶或土百戶、土百長等以治之，歸駐藏大臣管轄。爾豐以其族素恭順，悉加慰遣；因派兵剿類伍齊、碩搬多、洛隆宗、邊壩等阻路之番人，又分兵取江卡、貢覺、桑昂、雜瑜，咸收服之。

In Guangxu 33 Erfeng served as acting governor-general of Sichuan and secured ministry approval for one million taels in frontier development funds. In Guangxu 34 he was named Resident Commissioner in Tibet while retaining his frontier post, raised three battalions of western troops, and marched out beyond the passes. A long succession dispute at Dege was still unsettled; Erfeng petitioned to handle it in person, marching through Taining, Daowu, Zhanggu, and a chain of districts to Gengqing. In the twelfth month he defeated rebel chiefs including Angwengjiang Bailirenqing at Zengke; the survivors fled to Zaqunka. In the fourth month of Xuantong 1 he assaulted Zaqunka. In the fifth month he fought at Maimu. In the sixth month he pursued the rebels for ten days to Kana and wiped them out in a single battle, converting the region to direct administration along with the domains of Chunke, Gaori, and the Langjiling district of Lingcong. In the tenth month Sichuan troops entered Tibet; Tibetan tribes west of Qamdo blocked their path, looted supplies, and seized officials. Erfeng led frontier troops across the Jinsha and over the snow ranges to Qamdo, cleared the way for the Sichuan column, and the Thirty-Nine Clans, Bomi, and Basu all petitioned to come under frontier administration. The Thirty-Nine Clans included Huo'er, Tumalu, Jiningtaka, Niyamucha, Songmaba, Ledake, Duomaba, Da'eryangba, and Tama, Huo'er, and Lahan—the last three sharing a single chieftain. Also Huo'er, Qiongbuga, Qiongbuse'ercha, Qiongbumakelu, Zha'ma'er, Upper and Lower Azha, Upper and Lower Duo'ershu, Upper and Lower Gangga'er, Tamar, Timar, and Zhiduo and Wala—the last two under one chieftain. Also Manong, Buchuanmusang, Shudageluke, Benpen, Celingbilu, Se'ercha, Nabugongba, Jielakezhi, Laba, Sanzha, and Pupu—each an independent tribe. They were governed through native headmen of various ranks, all under the Resident Commissioner in Tibet. Erfeng, finding them habitually loyal, reassured each clan in turn; then sent columns against tribes blocking the routes at Leiwuqi, Shuobanduo, Luolongzong, and Bianba, and detached forces to take Jiangka, Gongjue, Sang'ang, and Zayu—all of which submitted.

15

二年，邊軍直抵江達，爾豐奏請以江達為邊藏分界。五月，邊軍返察木多。六月，爾豐率兵略乍丫地。八月，巡阿足返，設乍丫委員。聞定鄉兵變，派統領鳳山追剿。九月，三岩野番投書索戰，爾豐率兵赴貢覺。十月，派傅嵩矞攻三岩，一旬而克。十一月，設三岩委員。十二月，設貢覺委員。爾豐旋返巴塘。三年二月，爾豐以巴塘所屬之得榮浪藏寺數年不服，派兵攻克之，設得榮委員，並收服冷卡石。三月，爾豐調任四川總督，四川布政使王人文繼之為邊務大臣。爾豐奏請人文未到任前，以嵩矞代理。四月，同發巴塘，至孔撒、麻書，設甘孜委員，檄靈蔥、白利、倬倭、東科、單東、魚科、明正、魚通各土司繳印，改土歸流。色達及上羅科野番來歸。適駐藏大臣聯豫電請邊軍攻波密，因奏派副都統鳳山率兵二千往應。六月，爾豐至瞻對，藏官逃，收其地，設瞻對委員。旋經道塢、打箭爐，檄魚通、卓斯各土司繳印改流。爾豐入川，沿途收咱里、冷邊、沈邊三土司印，嵩矞復出關改流泰凝，而魚科土司結下羅科抗命。嵩矞令上羅科扼其險，擊平之，斃魚科土司，於是嵩矞奏請設西康省，而沃日、崇喜、納奪、革伯咱、巴底、巴旺、靈蔥、上納奪各土司，暨乍丫、察木多兩呼圖克圖，相繼繳印。惟毛丫、曲登乞緩，許之。

In Xuantong 2 frontier troops reached Jiangda, and Erfeng proposed making it the boundary between the frontier administration and Tibet. In the fifth month the frontier army withdrew to Qamdo. In the sixth month Erfeng led a reconnaissance into the Chaya region. In the eighth month, after a tour through Azu, he established a Chaya commissioner. On news of a mutiny at Dingxiang he sent Commander Fengshan in pursuit. In the ninth month the wild tribes of Sanyan sent a challenge; Erfeng marched to Gongjue. In the tenth month he sent Fu Songyu against Sanyan, which fell within ten days. In the eleventh month a Sanyan commissioner was appointed. In the twelfth month a Gongjue commissioner was appointed. Erfeng then returned to Batang. In the second month of Xuantong 3 he stormed Derong Langzang Monastery, which had defied authority for years, appointed a Derong commissioner, and brought Lengkashi to heel. In the third month Erfeng was transferred to governor-general of Sichuan; Provincial Commissioner Wang Renwen succeeded him as frontier minister. Erfeng asked that Songyu serve as acting minister until Renwen arrived. In the fourth month they marched from Batang through Kongsa and Mashu, set up a Garze commissioner, and ordered the chieftains of Lingcong, Baili, Zhuowai, Dongke, Dandong, Yukex, Mingzheng, and Yutong to surrender their seals for conversion to direct rule. Seda and the wild tribes of Shangluoke submitted. Resident Commissioner Lianyu then telegraphed for frontier troops against Bomi, and Fengshan was sent with two thousand men in response. In the sixth month Erfeng reached Drayak; the Tibetan officials fled, and he took the district and appointed a Drayak commissioner. He then passed through Daowu and Dajianlu and ordered the Yutong, Zhuosi, and other chieftains to surrender their seals for conversion to direct rule. Entering Sichuan, Erfeng collected seals from the Zali, Lengbian, and Shenbian chieftains; Songyu again crossed the passes to convert Taining, while the Yukex chieftain allied with Xialuoke in open defiance. Songyu had Shangluoke hold the defiles, crushed the rebels, and killed the Yukex chieftain; he then memorialized for the creation of Xikang Province, and the chieftains of Wori, Chongxi, Naduo, Geboizai, Badi, Bawang, Lingcong, and Shangnaduo, with the Chaya and Qamdo khutukhtu, surrendered their seals one after another. Only Maoya and Qudeng asked for more time, and permission was granted.

16

涼山夷倮儸者，居寧遠、越巂、峨邊、雷波、馬邊間，淺山部落頭目屬於土司。深入則涼山，數百里皆夷地。生夷黑骨頭為貴種，白骨頭者曰熟夷，執賤役。夷族分數百支，不相統屬。叛則出掠，擄漢民作奴，遇兵散匿。清興，雍正五年、七年，嘉慶十三年、十六年，迭經川吏剿撫，加以部勒。

The Nuosu Yi of Liangshan lived among Ningyuan, Yuexi, Ebian, Leibo, and Mabian; chiefs of the lower hills were subject to native chieftains. Farther in lay Liangshan itself, hundreds of li of Yi country. Among the 'raw' Yi, those of the black-bone caste were nobles; white-bone 'cooked' Yi performed menial labor. The Yi were split into hundreds of branches under no common authority. In revolt they raided the lowlands, enslaved Han captives, and melted away when troops appeared. Since the Qing rise, Sichuan officials had campaigned against them in Yongzhi 5 and 7 and Jiaqing 13 and 16, alternately fighting and conciliating.

17

同治末，越巂夷叛，成都將軍崇實兼攝四川總督，奏調貴州提督周達武率軍由陝回剿，前鋒羅應旒出清溪，撫大樹堡、左右王嶺各土司，進駐保安，攻降洽馬里、阿波落、跑馬坪、燕麥廠，遂克普雄石城，夷地四百里間咸受約束。官軍至靖遠，刷茲、林加、布約、尼錢、交腳等支亦降，更設靖遠新老兩營土千百戶，出漢奴數萬。迨爾豐經營關外，朝廷以其兄爾巽督川，爾巽欲悉平涼山夷以利邊務，光緒三十四年八月，派建昌鎮總兵鳳山、建昌道馬汝驥等，率兵暨民團剿寧遠吉狄、馬加、拉斯等支倮夷。進至里足山梁，旋值國喪，罷兵。

Late in Tongzhi the Yuexi Yi rebelled; Chengdu General Chong Shi, acting as governor-general, called in Guizhou Provincial Commander Zhou Dawu from the Shaanxi campaign. Vanguard Luo Yingliu advanced from Qingxi, won over the Dashubao and Wangling chieftains, encamped at Bao'an, and reduced Qiamali, Aboluo, Paomaping, and Yanmaichang before taking Puxiong Stone City, bringing four hundred li of Yi country under control. At Jingyuan the Shazi, Linjia, Buyue, Niqian, and Jiaojiao branches submitted as well; new native headmen were installed and tens of thousands of Han slaves were freed. While Erfeng developed the frontier, his brother Erxun governed Sichuan and sought to pacify all of Liangshan for the border enterprise. In Guangxu 34 he sent Regional Commander Fengshan and Circuit Intendant Ma Ruji with troops and militia against the Jidi, Majia, Lasi, and other Nuosu branches of Ningyuan. They reached Lizu Mountain Ridge, but the campaign was halted when the court went into mourning for the emperor's death.

18

宣統元年正月，令建昌鎮總兵田鎮邦、甯遠府知府陳廷緒再舉，征服淺山白母子、嗎噠拉施、三合等支，並收撫咱雞租、五支、別牛、租租等支，於是加拉及吉狄、馬加等支先後降。官軍進駐交腳，收撫八切、阿什並阿落、馬家、上三支、下三支，野夷悉請內附，不隸土司。先是馬邊夷阿侯蘇噶支戕英教士，拒捕，與馬邊協副將楊景昌軍相持。爾巽調總兵董南斌往剿，與寧遠軍夾擊，阿侯蘇噶降。兩軍於十月二十五日貫通涼山夷巢，會於吽吽壩。於是爾巽議禁黑夷蓄奴。先就交腳設縣治，餘地擇要屯守；而西南由美姑河至雷波，辟雷寧通道四百餘里，駐兵守護，以通商旅。是役也，得地幾及千里，夷眾凡十餘萬人。二年，振邦、廷緒等師還討會理土司，披砂、會理村、苦竹、者保、通安舟等悉改流，至是川境土司多非舊觀矣。今采傳世較永者著於篇。其國初歸附未久旋即絕滅者，尚不勝記云。

In the first month of Xuantong 1 Regional Commander Tian Zhenbang and Prefect Chen Tingxu resumed the campaign, subduing the Baimuzi, Madalashi, and Sanhe branches of the lower hills and winning over Zajizu, Wuzhi, Bieniu, and Zuzu; Jiala, Jidi, Majia, and others then submitted in succession. Government troops encamped at Jiaojiao and brought in Baqie, Ashenbing, Aluo, Majia, and the upper and lower Sanzhi branches; wild Yi throughout the region petitioned for direct incorporation, no longer under chieftain rule. Earlier the Ahou Suga branch of Mabian had killed a British missionary and, resisting arrest, held off Assistant Regional Commander Yang Jingchang's troops. Erxun sent Regional Commander Dong Nanbin to join the Ningyuan force in a pincer attack, and Ahou Suga surrendered. On the twenty-fifth of the tenth month the two columns linked up through the heart of Liangshan and met at Honghongba. Erxun then proposed banning slavery among the black-bone Yi nobility. A county seat was established at Jiaojiao and garrisons posted at strategic points elsewhere; and a four-hundred-li route from the Meigu River to Leibo was opened and garrisoned to restore trade. The campaign brought nearly a thousand li of territory and more than one hundred thousand Yi under control. In Xuantong 2 Zhenbang and Tingxu turned to the Huili chieftain; Pisha, Huilicun, Kuzhu, Zhebao, and Tong'anzhou were all converted to direct rule, and native chieftain rule in Sichuan was largely a thing of the past. Those with longer surviving records are set down in this chapter. Those who submitted early in the dynasty but soon perished are too numerous to record.

19

拈佐阿革寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先個個柘，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Niezuo Age Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Gege Zhe submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

20

熱霧寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先甲槓他，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Rewu Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Jiagang Ta submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

21

瓘眉喜寨土千戶，系倮夷種類。其先官布笑，雍正四年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Guanmeixi Stockade was of Nuosu Yi stock. Their forebear Guanbu Xiao submitted in the 4th year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

22

毛革阿按寨土千戶，系倮夷種類。其先王乍，雍正四年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Maoge An Stockade was of Nuosu Yi stock. Their forebear Wangzha submitted in the 4th year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

23

包子寺寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先噶竹，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。以上松潘廳中營屬。

The native headman of thousands at Baozisi Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Gazhu submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment. The above fell under the Middle Battalion of Songpan Subprefecture.

24

阿思峒寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先立架，順治十五年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Asitong Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Lijia submitted in the 15th year of Shunzhi and received appointment.

25

羊峒寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先甲利，雍正二年，歸附，授職，由四川總督給以土百戶委牌一張。以上松潘廳左營屬。

The native headman of hundreds at Yangtong Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Jiali submitted in the 2nd year of Yongzheng and received appointment; the Sichuan governor-general granted a commission as native headman of hundreds. The above fell under the Left Battalion of Songpan Subprefecture.

26

下泥巴寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先林青，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職，由四川總督給以土百戶委牌一張。松潘廳右營屬。

The native headman of hundreds at Xianiba Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Linqing submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment; the Sichuan governor-general granted a commission as native headman of hundreds. Under the Right Battalion of Songpan Subprefecture.

27

寒盻寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先占巴笑，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Hanpan Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Zhanba Xiao submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

28

商巴寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先剛讓笑，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Shangba Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Gangrang Xiao submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

29

祈命寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先龍盻架，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Qiming Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Longpan Jia submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

30

羊峒踏藏寨土目，系西番種類。其先甲六笑，康熙四十二年，歸附，授土目。

The native headman at Yangtong Tazang Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Jialiu Xiao submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and was appointed native headman.

31

阿按寨土目，系西番種類。其先六笑他，康熙四十二年，歸附，授土目。

The native headman at An Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Liuxiao Ta submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and was appointed native headman.

32

挖藥寨土目，系西番種類。其先旦折笑，康熙四十二年，歸附，授土目。

The native headman at Wayao Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Danzhe Xiao submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and was appointed native headman.

33

押頓寨土目，系西番種類。其先拈爭笑，康熙四十二年，歸附，授土目。

The native headman at Yadun Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Nianzheng Xiao submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and was appointed native headman.

34

中岔寨土目，系西番種類。其先捏盻目，康熙四十二年，歸附，授土目。

The native headman at Zhongcha Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Niepan Mu submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and was appointed native headman.

35

郎寨土目，系西番種類。其先郎那亞，康熙四十二年，歸附，授土目。

The native headman at Lang Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Langna Ya submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and was appointed native headman.

36

竹自寨土目，系西番種類。其先劄布吉，康熙四十二年，歸附，授土目。

The native headman at Zhuzi Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Zhabu Ji submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and was appointed native headman.

37

臧咱寨土目，系西番種類。其先出亞，康熙四十二年，歸附，授土目。

The native headman at Zangzan Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Chuya submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and was appointed native headman.

38

東拜王亞寨土目，系西番種類。其先點進笑，康熙四十二年，歸附，授土目。

The native headman at Dongbai Wangya Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Dianjin Xiao submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and was appointed native headman.

39

達弄惡壩寨土目，系西番種類。其先達喇笑，康熙四十二年，歸附，授土目。

The native headman at Dalong Eba Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Dala Xiao submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and was appointed native headman.

40

香咱寨土目，系西番種類。其先轄六，康熙四十二年，歸附，授土目。

The native headman at Xiangzan Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Xialiu submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and was appointed native headman.

41

咨馬寨土目，系西番種類。其先由仲笑，康熙四十二年，歸附，授土目。

The native headman at Zima Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Youzhong Xiao submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and was appointed native headman.

42

八頓寨土目，系西番種類。其先革甲，康熙四十二年，歸附，授土目。

The native headman at Badun Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Gejia submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and was appointed native headman.

43

上包坐餘灣寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先劄卜盻，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Upper Baozuo Yuyuwan Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Zhabu Pan submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

44

下包坐竹當寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先本布笑，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Lower Baozuo Zhudang Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Benbu Xiao submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

45

川柘寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先桑仲，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Chuanzhe Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Sangzhong submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

46

穀爾壩那浪寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先郎借，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Guerba Nalang Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Langjie submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

47

雙則紅凹寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先郎那笑，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Shuangze Hong'ao Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Langna Xiao submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

48

以上各土司，皆頒有號紙。

All the above native chieftains held patent documents of appointment.

49

上撒路木路惡寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先學賴，雍正二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Upper Salu Mulue Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Xuelai submitted in the 2nd year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

50

中撒路木路惡寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先隆笑，雍正二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Middle Salu Mulue Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Longxiao submitted in the 2nd year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

51

下撒路竹弄寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先迫帶，雍正二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Lower Salu Zhunong Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Podai submitted in the 2nd year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

52

崇路穀謨寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先劄務革柱，雍正二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Chonglu Gumo Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Zhawu Gezhu submitted in the 2nd year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

53

作路生納寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先郎刀，雍正二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Zuolu Shengna Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Langdao submitted in the 2nd year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

54

上勒凹貢按寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先借勒，雍正二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Upper Le'ao Gong'an Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Jiele submitted in the 2nd year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

55

下勒凹卜頓寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先林革秀，雍正二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Lower Le'ao Budun Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Lingexiu submitted in the 2nd year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

56

以上各土司，皆頒有印信號紙。

All the above native chieftains held sealed patent documents of appointment.

57

班佑寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先獨足笑，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Banyou Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Duzu Xiao submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

58

巴細蛇住壩寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先連柱笑，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Baxi Shezhuba Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Lianzhu Xiao submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

59

阿細柘弄寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先哈惰，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Axi Zhenong Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Haduo submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

60

上作爾革寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先轄頓，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Upper Zuoerge Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Xiadun submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

61

合壩奪雜寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先谷六笑，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Heba Duoza Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Guliu Xiao submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

62

轄漫寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先額旺，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Xiaman Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Eweng submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

63

下作革寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先郎納他，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Lower Zuoge Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Langna Ta submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

64

物藏寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先郎加蚌，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Wucang Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Langjiabang submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

65

熱當寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先拆戎架，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Redang Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Chairong Jia submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

66

磨下寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先的那，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Moxia Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Dena submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

67

甲凹寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先革柯，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Jia'ao Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Geke submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

68

阿革寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先甲亞，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Age Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Jiaya submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

69

鵲個寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先羅六，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Quege Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Luoliu submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

70

郎惰寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先阿出，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Langduo Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Achu submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

71

上阿壩甲多寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先拆達架，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Upper Aba Jiaduo Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Chaidajia submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

72

中阿壩墨倉寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先革杜亞，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Middle Aba Mocang Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Geduya submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

73

下阿壩阿強寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先頓壩，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Lower Aba Aqiang Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Dunba submitted in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

74

上郭羅克車木塘寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先噶頓，康熙六十年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Upper Golok Chemutang Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Gaton submitted in the 60th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

75

中郭羅克插落寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先丹增，康熙六十年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Middle Golok Chaluo Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Danzeng submitted in the 60th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

76

下郭羅克納卡寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先彭錯，康熙六十年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Lower Golok Naka Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Pengcuo submitted in the 60th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

77

上阿樹銀達寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先卜架亞，康熙六十年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Upper Ashu Yinda Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Bujiaya submitted in the 60th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

78

中阿樹宗個寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先卜他，康熙六十年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Middle Ashu Zongge Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Bota submitted in the 60th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

79

下阿樹郎達寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先郎加劄舍，康熙六十年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of hundreds at Lower Ashu Langda Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Langjia Zhashe submitted in the 60th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

80

小阿樹寨土百戶，系西番種類。其先達爾吉，康熙六十年，歸附，授職。以上松潘廳漳臘營屬。

The native headman of hundreds at Lesser Ashu Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Daerji submitted in the 60th year of Kangxi and received appointment. The above fell under the Zhangla Battalion of Songpan Subprefecture.

81

丟骨寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先沙乍謨，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Diugu Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Shazhamo submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

82

雲昌寺寨土千戶，系西番種類。其先革都判，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of thousands at Yunchangsi Stockade was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Gedupan submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

83

呷竹寺土千戶，系倮夷種類。其先七穀，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。以上松潘廳平番營屬。

The native headman of thousands at Yazhu Temple was of Nuosu Yi stock. Their forebear Qigu submitted in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment. The above fell under the Pingfan Battalion of Songpan Subprefecture.

84

以上各土司，皆頒有號紙。

All the above native chieftains held patent documents of appointment.

85

中羊峒隆康寨首，系西番種類。其先林柱，雍正二年，歸附，委以寨首。咸豐十一年，歐利娃作亂，陷南坪營，同治四年，周達武率武字、果毅各軍討平之。

The stockade chief of Middle Yangdong Longkang was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Linzhu submitted in the 2nd year of Yongzheng and was appointed stockade chief. In the 11th year of Xianfeng, Oliwa rebelled and seized Nanping Battalion; in the 4th year of Tongzhi, Zhou Dawu led the Wuzi and Guoyi forces to put down the uprising.

86

下羊峒黑角郎寨首，系西番種類。其先六孝，雍正二年，歸附，委以寨首。

The stockade chief of Lower Yangdong Heijiaolang was of Western Tibetan stock. Their forebear Liuxiao submitted in the 2nd year of Yongzheng and was appointed stockade chief.

87

以上各土司，皆無印信號紙。以上松潘廳南坪營屬。

None of the above native chieftains held sealed patent documents of appointment. The above fell under the Nanping Battalion of Songpan Subprefecture.

88

大姓寨土百戶，其先鬱氏，於唐時頒給左都督職銜印信，管束番眾。順治六年，郁孟賢將唐時印信呈繳。

The native headman of hundreds at Daxing Stockade descended from the Yu clan, who in Tang times received the Left Commander-in-Chief title and seal to rule over the frontier tribes. In the 6th year of Shunzhi, Yu Mengxian presented and surrendered the Tang-era seal.

89

小姓寨土百戶，其先郁從文，於明末歸附，授長官司職銜印信，管束番衆。順治年間，將明時印信號紙呈繳。

The native headman of hundreds at Xiaoxing Stockade descended from Yu Congwen, who submitted at the end of the Ming and received the native prefect title and seal to rule over the frontier tribes. During the Shunzhi reign, the Ming-era seal and patent documents were presented and surrendered.

90

大定沙壩土千戶，其先蘇忠，於明萬曆年間歸附，授土千戶職銜印信，管束番眾。順治年間，將明時印信號紙呈繳。

The native headman of thousands at Dading Shaba descended from Su Zhong, who submitted during the Wanli reign of the Ming and received the native tusi of thousands title and seal to rule over the frontier tribes. During the Shunzhi reign, the Ming-era seal and patent documents were presented and surrendered.

91

以上各土司，皆頒號紙。

All the above native chieftains were issued patent documents of appointment.

92

大黑水寨土百戶，其先郁孟賢，於明末歸附，授土百戶職銜，管束各番。順治年間，將明時號紙呈繳。

The native headman of hundreds at Daheishui Stockade descended from Yu Mengxian, who submitted at the end of the Ming and received the native tusi of hundreds title to rule over the frontier tribes. During the Shunzhi reign, the Ming-era patent documents were presented and surrendered.

93

小黑水寨土百戶，其先於唐時歸附，授土百戶職銜印信，管束各番。順治年間，鬱從學將唐時印信呈繳。

The native headman of hundreds at Xiaoheishui Stockade descended from ancestors who submitted in Tang times and received the native tusi of hundreds title and seal to rule over the frontier tribes. During the Shunzhi reign, Yu Congxue presented and surrendered the Tang-era seal.

94

以上各土司，皆給委牌。

All the above native chieftains were issued commission plaques.

95

松坪寨土百戶，其先韓騰，於明末歸附，授土百戶職銜印信，管束番眾。順治年間，將明末印信號紙呈繳，仍頒給號紙。以上茂州疊溪營屬。

The native headman of hundreds at Songping Stockade descended from Han Teng, who submitted at the end of the Ming and received the native tusi of hundreds title and seal to rule over the frontier tribes. During the Shunzhi reign, the late-Ming seal and patent documents were presented and surrendered, and new patent documents were issued in their place. The above fell under the Diexi Battalion of Maozhou.

96

靜州長官司，其先董正伯，自唐時歸附，授職。順治年間，賊屠茂州，土司董懷德率土兵捍禦，地方寧謐。九年，董應詔歸附。

The native prefect of Jingzhou descended from Dong Zhengbo, who submitted in Tang times and received appointment. During the Shunzhi reign, when bandits ravaged Maozhou, the native chieftain Dong Huaide led his native troops in its defense and kept the region at peace. In the 9th year, Dong Yingzhao submitted allegiance.

97

隴木長官司，其先何文貴，於宋時剿羅打鼓生番有功，授職與印。順治九年，歸附。

The native prefect of Longmu descended from He Wengui, who earned distinction in Song times for suppressing the raw tribes of Luodagu and received office and a seal. In the 9th year of Shunzhi, they submitted allegiance.

98

嶽希長官司，其先坤蒲，自唐時有功授職。康熙九年，歸附。

The native prefect of Yuexi descended from Kunpu, who received appointment in Tang times for distinguished service. In the 9th year of Kangxi, they submitted allegiance.

99

沙壩安撫司，其先蟒答兒，自明時剿黑水三溪生番有功授職。順治九年，歸附。

The Pacification Commissioner of Shaba descended from Mangdaer, who received appointment in Ming times for distinguished service in suppressing the raw tribes of Heishui Sanxi. In the 9th year of Shunzhi, they submitted allegiance.

100

水草坪巡檢土司，其先蟒答兒次子住水草坪，授巡檢職。順治九年，歸附。

The native inspecting censor of Shuicaoping descended from the second son of Mangdaer, who settled at Shuicaoping and received appointment as inspecting censor. In the 9th year of Shunzhi, they submitted allegiance.

101

竹木坎副巡檢土司，其先坤兒布，自明時授職。順治九年，歸附。

The deputy native inspecting censor of Zhumukan descended from Kunerbu, who received appointment in Ming times. In the 9th year of Shunzhi, they submitted allegiance.

102

牟托巡檢土司，其先燦沙，自唐時授職。順治九年，歸附。

The native inspecting censor of Mutuo descended from Cansha, who received appointment in Tang times. In the 9th year of Shunzhi, they submitted allegiance.

103

以上各土司，皆頒印信號紙。

All the above native chieftains held sealed patent documents of appointment.

104

實大關副長官司，其先官之保，自明時授職。康熙十年，歸附，頒給號紙。以上茂州茂州營屬。

The deputy native prefect of Shidaguan descended from Guanzhibao, who received appointment in Ming times. In the 10th year of Kangxi, they submitted allegiance and received patent documents of appointment. The above fell under the Maozhou Battalion of Maozhou.

105

陽地隘口土長官司，始祖王行儉，由宋寧宗朝授龍州判官，世襲。傳三世，改守禦千戶。元至正間，授宣禦副使。明洪武七年，開龍州，改長官司。順治六年，王冫各歸附，仍授原職，頒給印信號紙。

The native prefect of Yangdi'aikou traced its line to the founding ancestor Wang Xingjian, who in the reign of Emperor Ningzong of Song was appointed magistrate of Longzhou in a hereditary office. After three generations, the post was changed to garrison commander of thousands. During the Zhizheng era of Yuan, the vice commissioner of pacification was conferred. In the 7th year of Hongwu of Ming, Longzhou was established and the office was redesignated as native prefect. In the 6th year of Shunzhi, Wang Ge submitted allegiance, retained his original office, and received sealed patent documents of appointment.

106

土通判，明洪武七年授王思恭為長官司，以王思民襲判官，旋授宣撫僉事。嘉靖間，改土通判。順治六年，王啟睿歸附，仍授原職，頒給號紙，無印信。

The native subprefect: in the 7th year of Hongwu of Ming, Wang Sigong was appointed native prefect; Wang Simin inherited the subprefect magistracy, and soon received appointment as pacification commissioner. During the Jiajing reign, the post was redesignated as native subprefect. In the 6th year of Shunzhi, Wang Qirui submitted allegiance, retained his original office, and received patent documents of appointment, but no seal.

107

龍溪堡土知事，宋景定間，授薛嚴龍州知州，世襲。明隆慶間，改土知事。順治六年，薛兆選歸附，仍授原職，頒給號紙。以上龍安府龍安營屬。

The native registrar of Longxibao: during the Jingding era of Song, Xue Yan was appointed prefect of Longzhou in a hereditary office. During the Longqing reign of Ming, the post was redesignated as native registrar. In the 6th year of Shunzhi, Xue Zhaoxuan submitted allegiance, retained his original office, and received patent documents of appointment. The above fell under the Long'an Battalion of Long'an Prefecture.

108

瓦寺宣慰司，先世雍中羅洛思，與兄桑郎納思壩，前明納貢土物。正統六年，威茂、孟董、九子、黑虎等寨諸番跳樑，雍中羅洛思、桑郎納思壩奉調出藏，帶兵出力，即留住汶川縣塗禹山，給宣慰司印信號紙。順治九年，土司曲翊伸歸附，授安撫司。康熙五十九年，征西藏，土司桑郎溫愷隨征有功，加宣慰司銜。乾隆二年，加指揮使職銜。乾隆十七年及三十六年，征剿雜谷土司蒼旺並金川等處，土司桑郎雍中隨征出力，賞戴花翎。嘉慶元年，隨征達州教匪，經四川總督勒保奏升宣慰司，換給印信號紙。以上理番廳維州協左營屬。

The Pacification Commissioner of Wasi: in earlier generations Yongzhong Luoluosi and his elder brother Sanglang Nasiba had presented tribute of local goods to the Ming court. In the 6th year of Zhengtong, when the tribes of Weimao, Mengdong, Jiuzi, Heihu, and other stockades rebelled, Yongzhong Luoluosi and Sanglang Nasiba answered the imperial summons from Tibet, marched with their troops, and were then settled at Tuyu Mountain in Wenchuan County and granted the Pacification Commissioner seal and patent documents. In the 9th year of Shunzhi, the native chieftain Qu Yishen submitted allegiance and received appointment as Pacification Commissioner. In the 59th year of Kangxi, during the campaign against Tibet, the native chieftain Sanglang Wenkai served with distinction and was elevated to the Pacification Commissioner title. In the 2nd year of Qianlong, the commander title was conferred. In the 17th and 36th years of Qianlong, during campaigns against the native chieftain Cangwang of Zagun and the Jinchuan region, the native chieftain Sanglang Yongzhong served on campaign and was rewarded with the peacock feather. In the 1st year of Jiaqing, while campaigning against the Dazhou sect rebels, he was promoted to Pacification Commissioner on memorial of Sichuan Governor-General Le Bao and received a new seal and patent documents. The above fell under the Left Battalion of the Weizhou Brigade of Lifan Subprefecture.

109

梭磨宣慰使司，始祖囊素沙甲布，原系雜穀土目，自唐時歸附。雍正元年，征剿郭克賊番有功，頒給副長官司印信號紙。乾隆十五年，換給安撫司印。三十六年，進剿大小金川，土司隨征，經將軍阿桂奏賞宣慰司職銜並花翎，換給印信號紙。

The Pacification Commissioner of Suomo traced its line to the founding ancestor Nangsu Shajiabu, originally a native headman of Zagun, who had submitted in Tang times. In the 1st year of Yongzheng, for distinguished service in suppressing the rebel tribes of Guoke, sealed patent documents of deputy native prefect were issued. In the 15th year of Qianlong, a new Pacification Commissioner seal was issued. In the 36th year, during the campaign against Greater and Lesser Jinchuan, the native chieftain served on campaign; on General Agui's memorial he was rewarded with the Pacification Commissioner title and peacock feather and received a new seal and patent documents.

110

卓克基長官司，其祖良爾吉，系雜穀土舍。乾隆十三年，隨征大金川有功。十五年，頒給長官司印信號紙，尋以通匪伏誅。

The native prefect of Zhuokeji descended from Liangerji, a native tusu of Zagun. In the 13th year of Qianlong he served with distinction on the campaign against Greater Jinchuan. In the 15th year he received the native prefect seal and patent documents, but was soon executed for colluding with bandits.

111

松岡長官司，其祖系雜穀土目，自唐時安設。康熙二十二年，頒給安撫司印信號紙。乾隆十七年，土司蒼旺不法，伏誅。

The native prefect of Songgang descended from native headmen of Zagun, an office established in Tang times. In the 22nd year of Kangxi the Pacification Commissioner seal and patent documents were issued. In the 17th year of Qianlong the native chieftain Cangwang broke the law and was executed.

112

黨壩長官司，其曾祖阿丕，系雜穀土舍。乾隆十三年，土舍澤旺隨征大金川有功，頒給長官司印信號紙。嘉慶元年，土司更噶斯丹增姜初隨征苗匪，賞花翎。以上理番廳維州協右營屬。

The native prefect of Dangba traced its line to the great-grandfather Api, a native tusu of Zagun. In the 13th year of Qianlong the native tusu Zewang served with distinction on the Greater Jinchuan campaign and received the native prefect seal and patent documents. In the 1st year of Jiaqing the native chieftain Gengasidanzeng Jiangchu served on campaign against Miao rebels and was rewarded with the peacock feather. The above fell under the Right Battalion of the Weizhou Brigade of Lifan Subprefecture.

113

沃日安撫司，始祖巴碧太。順治十五年，歸附，頒發沃日貫頂淨慈妙智國師印信號紙。乾隆二十年，頒給土司色達拉安撫司印信號紙，隨將舊印呈繳。二十九年，隨征金川有功，賞二品頂戴花翎。沃日地名更為鄂克什，原系維州協所轄。乾隆五十年，改隸懋功協管轄。宣統三年，改流。

The Pacification Commissioner of Wori traced its line to the founding ancestor Babita. In the 15th year of Shunzhi he submitted allegiance and received the seal and patent documents of the Wo'ri Crowned Pure Compassionate Wisdom National Preceptor. In the 20th year of Qianlong the native chieftain Sedala received the Pacification Commissioner seal and patent documents and surrendered the old seal. In the 29th year he served with distinction on the Jinchuan campaign and was rewarded with a second-rank cap ornament and peacock feather. The place name Wori was changed to Ekeshi; it had originally fallen under the Weizhou Brigade. In the 50th year of Qianlong its jurisdiction was transferred to the Maogong Brigade. In the 3rd year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration.

114

綽斯甲布宣撫司，綽斯甲布印文曰「卓斯甲布」。卓斯，地名。甲者，家之誤。番人稱謂如德格則曰「德格家」，孔撒則曰「孔撒家」。布者，番人男子之稱。印以「綽斯甲布」為名，誤矣。始祖資立，康熙三十九年，歸附。四十一年，頒給安撫司印信號紙。乾隆三十七年，出師金川，賞二品頂戴花翎。四十一年，頒給宣撫司印信號紙，隨將舊印呈繳。原系阜和協所轄。乾隆五十一年，改隸懋功協管轄。宣統三年，改流。以上懋功廳懋功協屬。

The Pacification Commissioner of Chuosijiabu bore a seal inscribed "Zhuosijiabu." Zhuosi is a place name. The character jia is a mistake for jia, meaning "clan." The tribesmen address Dege as "Degejia" and Kongsa as "Kongsajia." Bu is the title used for tribal men. Naming the seal "Chuosijiabu" was a mistake. The founding ancestor Zili submitted allegiance in the 39th year of Kangxi. In the 41st year the Pacification Commissioner seal and patent documents were issued. In the 37th year of Qianlong, on the Jinchuan campaign, he was rewarded with a second-rank cap ornament and peacock feather. In the 41st year he received the Pacification Commissioner seal and patent documents and surrendered the old seal. It had originally fallen under the Fuhe Brigade. In the 51st year of Qianlong its jurisdiction was transferred to the Maogong Brigade. In the 3rd year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration. The above fell under the Maogong Brigade of Maogong Subprefecture.

115

河東長官司，其先自元迄明，世襲建昌宣慰司。順治十六年，安泰寧歸附，呈繳明印。雍正六年，改授長官司。管有大石頭、長村、繼事田三土百戶，利扼、上芍果、阿史、紐姑、上沈渣、下芍果、上熱水、小涼山、慕西、又利呃、阿史、者加十二土目。

The native prefect of Hedong had hereditarily held the Jianchang Pacification Commissioner from Yuan through Ming times. In the 16th year of Shunzhi An Taining submitted allegiance and surrendered the Ming seal. In the 6th year of Yongzheng he was reappointed native prefect. Its jurisdiction comprised the native centurions of Dashitou, Changcun, and Jishitian, and twelve native headmen including Lie'e, Shangshaoguo, A'shi, Niugu, Shangshenzha, Xiashaoguo, Shangreshui, Xiaoliangshan, Muxi, Youlie'e, A'shi, and Zhejia.

116

阿都正長官司，其先結固，順治六年，歸附，授職。康熙四十九年，土司慕枝為招撫案內，授阿都宣撫司，頒給印信號紙。雍正六年，改土歸流。是年，涼山野夷不法，土司聚姑擒獻凶首，復授阿都正長官司。管有歪歪溪、咱古、喬山南、大河西四土目。

The Chief native prefect of Adu descended from Jiegu, who submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Shunzhi and received appointment. In the 49th year of Kangxi the native chieftain Muzhi, as part of a pacification settlement, was appointed Pacification Commissioner of Adu and issued seal and patent documents. In the 6th year of Yongzheng the office was abolished in the gaituguiliu conversion to direct rule. That year, when the wild tribes of Liangshan rebelled, the native chieftain Jugu captured and delivered the ringleader and was reappointed Chief native prefect of Adu. Its jurisdiction comprised four native headmen: Waiwaixi, Zagu, Qiaoshannan, and Dahexi.

117

副長官司，雍正六年，剿撫涼山夷眾，歸附有功，授阿都副長官司。管有小涼山馬希、大梁山拖覺、阿乃、又阿史、結呃、派乃、者膩、那科、那俄、哈乃過、又阿驢十一土目。

The Deputy native prefect: in the 6th year of Yongzheng, for distinguished service in suppressing and pacifying the tribes of Liangshan, he received appointment as Deputy native prefect of Adu. Its jurisdiction comprised eleven native headmen including Xiaoliangshan Maxi, Daliangshan Tuojue, Anai, A'shi, Jie'e, Painai, Zheni, Nake, Na'e, Hanai Guo, and A'lu.

118

沙罵宣撫司，其先安韋威，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。管有那多、扼烏、咱烈山、撒凹溝、結覺五土目。以上西昌縣中營屬。

The Pacification Commissioner of Shama descended from An Weiwei, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment. Its jurisdiction comprised five native headmen: Naduo, E'wu, Zalieshan, Sa'aogou, and Jiejue. The above fell under the Middle Battalion of Xichang County.

119

昌州長官司，其先盧尼古，明洪武九年，調守德昌、昌州，康熙四十九年，歸附，承襲。

The native prefect of Changzhou descended from Luni'gu, who in the 9th year of Hongwu was posted to guard Dechang and Changzhou; in the 49th year of Kangxi he submitted allegiance and inherited the office.

120

普濟州長官司，其先吉三嘉，明洪武七年，授普濟州土知州。康熙四十九年，歸附，承襲，改長官司。

The native prefect of Pujizhou descended from Jisanjia, who in the 7th year of Hongwu received appointment as native prefect of Pujizhou. In the 49th year of Kangxi he submitted allegiance, inherited the office, and was redesignated native prefect.

121

威龍州長官司，其先張起朝，明洪武七年，授職。順治十六年，歸附，世襲。以上西昌縣左營屬。

The native prefect of Weilongzhou descended from Zhang Qichao, who received appointment in the 7th year of Hongwu. In the 16th year of Shunzhi he submitted allegiance and held the office by hereditary succession. The above fell under the Left Battalion of Xichang County.

122

河西宣慰司，其先安吉茂，康熙五十一年，歸附。五十七年，吉茂歿，無子，嶺氏撫伊兄越巂土司嶺安泰之子為子，更名安祥茂。雍正六年，改土歸流，換給土千總職銜，世襲。管有囉慕、芍果、咱堡、沙溝四土目。以上西昌縣右營屬。

The Pacification Commissioner of Hexi descended from An Jimao, who submitted allegiance in the 51st year of Kangxi. In the 57th year Jimao died without heirs; the Ling clan adopted the son of Yuexi native chieftain Ling Antai, a child of his elder brother, and renamed him An Xiangmao. In the 6th year of Yongzheng the office was converted to direct rule and reissued as a hereditary native company commander. Its jurisdiction comprised four native headmen: Luomu, Shaoguo, Zanbao, and Shagou. The above fell under the Right Battalion of Xichang County.

123

以上各土司，皆頒印信號紙。

All the above native chieftains were issued seals and patent documents.

124

工部宣撫司，其先嶺安盤，康熙四十三年，歸附，授職。同治二年，土司嶺承恩助官軍擒石達開有功，賞二品銜。管有膩乃、阿谷、蘇呷、咱戶、慕虐、阿蘇、濫田壩、普雄、黑保、大疏山十土目。以上越巂廳越巂營屬。

The Pacification Commissioner of Gongbu descended from Ling Anpan, who submitted allegiance in the 43rd year of Kangxi and received appointment. In the 2nd year of Tongzhi the native chieftain Ling Chengen aided the government forces in capturing Shi Dakai and was rewarded with a second-rank title. Its jurisdiction comprised ten native headmen: Ninai, Agu, Suxia, Zanhu, Munue, Asu, Lantianba, Puxiong, Heibao, and Dashushan. The above fell under the Yuexi Garrison of Yuexi Subprefecture.

125

暖帶密土千戶，其先嶺安泰，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。管有上官、六革、瓜倮、糾米、布布、阿多六磨、磨卡為呷、西糾七鄉總。

The native chiliarch of Nuandaimi descended from Ling Antai, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment. Its jurisdiction comprised seven native districts in all: Shangguan, Liuge, Gualuo, Jiumi, Bubu, Aduoliumo, Mokaweijia, and Xijiu.

126

暖帶田壩土千戶，其先部則，唐熙四十四年，歸附，授職。

The native chiliarch of Nuandaitianba descended from Buze, who submitted allegiance in the 44th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

127

松林地土千戶，其先王德洽，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。管有老鴉漩、白石村、六翁、野豬塘、前後山、料林坪六土百戶。以上越巂廳甯越營屬。

The native chiliarch of Songlindi descended from Wang Deqia, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment. Its jurisdiction comprised six native centurions: Laoyaxuan, Baishicun, Liuweng, Yezhutang, Qianhoushan, and Liaolinping. The above fell under the Ningyue Garrison of Yuexi Subprefecture.

128

以上各土司，皆頒印信號紙。

All the above native chieftains were issued seals and patent documents.

129

木里安撫司，其先六藏塗都，雍正七年，歸附。

The Pacification Commissioner of Muli descended from Liuzang Tudu, who submitted allegiance in the 7th year of Yongzheng.

130

瓜別安撫司，係麼夷人。其先玉珠迫，康熙四十九年，歸附。

The Pacification Commissioner of Guabie was of Mo Yi stock. Its forebear Yuzhupo submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi.

131

馬喇副長官司，係夷人。其先阿世忠，康熙十九年，歸附，頒給號紙。

The Deputy native prefect of Mala was of Yi stock. Its forebear Ashizhong submitted allegiance in the 19th year of Kangxi and received patent documents.

132

古柏樹土千戶，係麼夷人。其先郎俊位，康熙四十九年，歸附。管有阿撒、祿馬六槽兩土目。

The native chiliarch of Gubaishu was of Mo Yi stock. Its forebear Lang Junwei submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi. Its jurisdiction comprised two native headmen: Asa and Luma Liucao.

133

中所土千戶，係麼夷人。其先喇瑞麟，康熙四十九年，歸附。

The native chiliarch of Zhongsuo was of Mo Yi stock. Its forebear La Ruilin submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi.

134

左所土千戶，係麼夷人。其先喇世英，康熙四十九年，歸附。管有蓽苴蘆土目。

The native chiliarch of Zuosuo was of Mo Yi stock. Its forebear La Shiying submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi. Its jurisdiction comprised the native headman of Biju Lu.

135

右所土千戶，係麼夷人。其先八璽，康熙四十九年，歸附。

The native chiliarch of Yousuo was of Mo Yi stock. Its forebear Baxi submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi.

136

前所土百戶，係麼夷人。其先阿成福，康熙四十九年，歸附。

The native centurion of Qiansuo was of Mo Yi stock. Its forebear Achengfu submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi.

137

後所土百戶，係麼夷人。其先白馬塔，康熙四十九年，歸附。以上鹽源縣會鹽營屬。

The native centurion of Housuo was of Mo Yi stock. Its forebear Baimata submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi. The above fell under the Huiyan Garrison of Yanyuan County.

138

以上各土司，皆頒印信號紙。

All the above native chieftains were issued seals and patent documents.

139

酥州土千戶，其先薑喳。康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native chiliarch of Suzhou descended from Jiangzha. In the 49th year of Kangxi he submitted allegiance and received appointment.

140

架州土百戶，其先里五，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Jiazhou descended from Liwu, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

141

苗出土百戶，其先熱即巴，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Miaochu descended from Rejiba, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

142

大村土百戶，其先也四噶，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Dacun descended from Yesige, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

143

糯白瓦土百戶，其先紐吽，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Nuobaiwa descended from Niuhong, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

144

大鹽井土百戶，其先前布汪喳，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Dayanjing descended from Xianbu Wangzha, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

145

熱即哇土百戶，其先牙卓撇，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Rejiwa descended from Yazhuopie, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

146

中村土百戶，其先歪即噶，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Zhongcun descended from Waijige, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

147

三大枝土百戶，其先甲噶，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Sandazhi descended from Jiage, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

148

河西土百戶，其先那姑，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。以上冕寧縣冕山營屬。

The native centurion of Hexi descended from Nagu, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment. The above fell under the Mianshan Garrison of Mianning County.

149

窩卜土百戶，其先藍布甲噶，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Wobu descended from Lanbu Jiage, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

150

虛郎土百戶，其先濟布，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Xulang descended from Jibu, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

151

白路土百戶，其先倪姑，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Bailu descended from Nigu, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

152

阿得轎土百戶，其先募庚，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Adejiao descended from Mugeng, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

153

瓦都土目，其先安承裔，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of Wadu descended from An Chengyi, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

154

木術凹土目，其先那咱，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of Mushu'ao descended from Naza, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

155

瓦尾土目，其先瀘沽，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native headman of Wawei descended from Lugu, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

156

瓦都木、術凹、瓦尾三土司，皆於雍正五年，因征三渡水刾俊違誤運糧參革，其部落戶口仍設土目管束。以上冕寧縣靖遠營屬。

The three chieftains of Wadu, Mushu'ao, and Wawei were all dismissed in the 5th year of Yongzheng for mishandling grain transport in the campaign against Cijun of Sandushui, though their tribes remained under native headmen. The above fell under the Jingyuan Garrison of Mianning County.

157

七兒堡土目，原設土司，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。雍正五年，降土目，管有耳挖溝土目。冕寧縣瀘寧營屬。

The native headman of Qi'erbao had originally held native chieftain rank; in the 49th year of Kangxi he submitted allegiance and received appointment. In the 5th year of Yongzheng he was reduced to native headman and governed the Erwagou headman. It fell under the Luning Garrison of Mianning County.

158

以上各土司，皆頒印信號紙。

All the above native chieftains were issued seals and patent documents.

159

黎溪舟土千戶，其先自必仁，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native chiliarch of Lixizhou descended from Zibiren, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

160

迷易土千戶，其先安文，康熙四十九年，歸附，授職。

The native chiliarch of Miyi descended from An Wen, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

161

以上各土司，皆頒有印信號紙。

All the above native chieftains were issued seals and patent documents.

162

會理村土千戶，其先祿沙克，康熙三十二年，歸附，授職，頒給號紙。

The native chiliarch of Huilicun descended from Lu Shake, who submitted allegiance in the 32nd year of Kangxi, received appointment, and was granted patent documents.

163

者保土百戶，其先祿阿格，康熙四年，歸附，無印信號紙。

The native centurion of Zhebao descended from Lu A'ge, who submitted allegiance in the 4th year of Kangxi but held no seal or patent documents.

164

普隆土百戶，其先汪玉，康熙四十九年，歸附，承襲。

The native centurion of Pulong descended from Wang Yu, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and inherited the office.

165

紅卜苴土百戶，其先刁氏，康熙四十九年，歸附，承襲。

The native centurion of Hongboju descended from the Diao clan, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and inherited the office.

166

以上各土司，皆頒有印信號紙。

All the above native chieftains were issued seals and patent documents.

167

苦竹壩土百戶，其先祿姐，康熙三十七年，歸附，承襲，頒給印信號紙。其通安舟土百戶另給鈐記。以上會理州會川營屬。

The native centurion of Kuzhubu descended from Lu Jie, who submitted allegiance in the 37th year of Kangxi, inherited the office, and received seal and patent documents. Its Tong'anzhou native centurion received a separate seal stamp. The above fell under the Huichuan Garrison of Huili Prefecture.

168

披砂土千戶，其先祿應麟，康熙四十九年，歸附，頒給號紙。會理州永定營屬。

The native chiliarch of Pisha descended from Lu Yinglin, who submitted allegiance in the 49th year of Kangxi and received patent documents. It fell under the Yongding Garrison of Huili Prefecture.

169

祿氏五土司，傳二百餘年。宣統初，祿紹武死，無後，妻自氏據其遺產，祿、自兩姓群起爭襲，作亂。二年，趙爾巽派兵剿捕，先後擒逆首祿禎祥、嚴如松等，因移師討爐鐵梁子侯夷，悉平之。披砂、會理村、苦竹、者保、通安舟五土司地一律收回，改流設治。

The five Lu-clan chieftainships had endured for more than two hundred years. At the beginning of Xuantong, Lu Shaowu died without heirs; his wife of the Zi clan seized the estate, and the Lu and Zi clans rose in rebellion over the succession. In Xuantong 2 Zhao Erxun sent troops to suppress the rebels, captured ringleaders including Lu Zhenxiang and Yan Rusong, then turned to the Hou tribes of Lutiengliangzi and pacified them all. The domains of Pisha, Huilicun, Kuzhu, Zhebao, and Tong'anzhou were all reclaimed and converted to direct administration.

170

天全六番招討司高躋泰，順治九年，歸附。副司楊先柱同。均於雍正六年追繳印信號紙，以其地為天全州。

Gao Jitai, Pacification Commissioner of the Six Fan of Tianquan, submitted allegiance in the 9th year of Shunzhi. Deputy Commissioner Yang Xianzhu did the same. Both surrendered their seals and patent documents in the 6th year of Yongzheng, and their territory became Tianquan Prefecture.

171

穆坪董卜韓瑚宣慰使司，其先於明世襲土職。至康熙元年，堅參喃喀歸附，仍授原職，請領宣慰司印信。乾隆十年，頒給號紙。天全州黎雅營屬。

The Pacification Commissioner of Muping Dongbu Hanhu had held native office by hereditary succession since Ming times. In the 1st year of Kangxi Jianshen Nanka submitted allegiance, retained his former office, and requested the Pacification Commissioner seal. In the 10th year of Qianlong patent documents were issued. It fell under the Liya Garrison of Tianquan Prefecture.

172

黎州土百戶，漢馬岱後。其先馬芍德，於明洪武八年世襲安撫司。萬曆十九年，馬祥無子，妻瞿氏掌司事，與祥侄構釁，降千戶。順治九年，馬高歸附，仍授原職。乾隆十七年，改百戶。

The native centurion of Lizhou was descended from the Han general Ma Dai. Its forebear Ma Shaode had hereditarily held the Pacification Commissioner since the 8th year of Hongwu. In the 19th year of Wanli Ma Xiang died without heirs; his wife Lady Qu took charge and feuded with his nephew, and the office was reduced to native chiliarch. In the 9th year of Shunzhi Ma Gao submitted allegiance and retained his former office. In the 17th year of Qianlong the office was reduced to native centurion.

173

大田副土百戶，乾隆十七年，因防曲曲鳥，奏請添設副土百戶一員，世襲。

The Deputy native centurion of Datian was established in the 17th year of Qianlong by memorial to guard against Ququniao, with hereditary succession.

174

松坪土千戶，其先馬比必，康熙四十三年，歸附，授職。以上清溪縣黎雅營屬。

The native chiliarch of Songping descended from Ma Bibi, who submitted allegiance in the 43rd year of Kangxi and received appointment. The above fell under the Liya Garrison of Qingxi County.

175

以上各土司，皆頒有印信號紙。

All the above native chieftains were issued seals and patent documents.

176

沈邊長官司，原籍江西吉水縣。其先余錫伯，前明從征來川，授土千戶。順治九年，餘期拔歸附，改名永忠。宣統三年，改流。

The native prefect of Shenbian was originally from Jishui County in Jiangxi. Its forebear Yu Xibo had followed the Ming campaigns into Sichuan and received appointment as native chiliarch. In the 9th year of Shunzhi Yu Qiba submitted allegiance and took the name Yongzhong. In the 3rd year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration.

177

冷邊長官司，西番瓦布人。其先阿撒癿，順治元年，歸附。傳至周至德，於康熙六十年授職。宣統三年，改流。以上打箭爐泰甯營屬。

The native prefect of Lengbian was of the Wabu Western Tibetan people. Its forebear Asahe submitted allegiance in the 1st year of Shunzhi. The line passed to Zhou Zhide, who received appointment in the 60th year of Kangxi. In the 3rd year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration. The above fell under the Taining Garrison of Dajianlu.

178

明正宣慰使司，其先系木坪分支。明洪武初，始祖阿克旺嘉爾參隨征明玉珍有功。永樂五年，授四川長河西寧魚通宣慰使。康熙五年，丹怎劄克巴歸附。乾隆三十六年，甲木參德侵隨征金川有功，賞賜「佳穆伯屯巴」名號，並二品頂戴、花翎。五十六年，甲木參諾爾布隨征廓爾喀，賞花翎。嘉慶十四年，甲木參沙加領班進京恭祝萬壽，賞花翎，世襲，住牧打箭爐城。光緒三十四年七月，趙爾豐奏改打箭爐為康定府，設河口縣。宣統三年，土司甲木參瓊珀繳印，其地悉歸流。原管有咱哩木千戶，木噶、瓦七、俄洛、白桑、惡熱、下八義、少誤石、作蘇策、八哩籠、上渡噶喇住索、中渡啞出卡、他咳、索窩籠、惡拉、樂壤、扒桑、木轤、格窪卡、呷那工弄、吉增卡桑阿籠、沙卡、上八義、拉里、八烏籠、姆硃、上渣壩惡疊、上渣壩卓泥、中渣壩熱錯、中渣壩沱、下渣壩業窪石、下渣壩莫藏石、魯密東谷、魯密普工碟、魯密郭宗、魯密結藏、魯密祖卜柏哈、魯密初把、魯密昌拉、魯密堅正、魯密達媽、魯密格桑、魯密本滾、長結杵尖、長結松歸、魯密白隅、魯密梭布、魯密達則、魯密卓籠四十八土百戶。

The Pacification Commissioner of Mingzheng descended from a branch of the Muping line. At the beginning of Hongwu the founding ancestor Akewangjia'er served with distinction in the campaign against Ming Yuzhen. In the 5th year of Yongle he received appointment as Pacification Commissioner of Changhe-Xining-Yutong in Sichuan. In the 5th year of Kangxi Danzen Zhakeba submitted allegiance. In the 36th year of Qianlong Jiamushen Deqin served with distinction on the Jinchuan campaign and was rewarded with the title Jiamubotunba, a second-rank cap ornament, and the peacock feather. In the 56th year Jiamushen Nuo'erbu served on the Gurkha campaign and was rewarded with the peacock feather. In the 14th year of Jiaqing Jiamushen Shajia led a delegation to the capital for the imperial birthday and received the peacock feather; the office was hereditary and he pastured at Dajianlu. In the seventh month of Guangxu 34 Zhao Erfeng memorialized to convert Dajianlu into Kangding Prefecture and establish Hekou County. In the 3rd year of Xuantong the native chieftain Jiamushen Qiongpo surrendered his seal and the entire domain was converted to direct rule. It had originally governed the Zalimu chiliarch and forty-eight native centurions, including Muga, Waqi, Eluo, Baisang, Ere, Lower Bayi, Shaowushi, Zuosuce, Balilong, Upper Dugala Zhuisuo, Middle Duyachuka, Takai, Suowolong, Ela, Lerang, Basang, Mulu, Gewaka, Xianagongnong, Jizeng Kasang'along, Shaka, Upper Bayi, Lali, Bawulong, Muzhu, the Upper, Middle, and Lower Zhaba districts, and the Lumi and Changjie sub-districts.

179

革伯咱安撫司，其先魏珠布策淩，康熙三十九年，歸附，授職，頒給印信號紙。宣統三年，改流。

The Pacification Commissioner of Gebozan descended from Weizhubuceling, who submitted allegiance in the 39th year of Kangxi, received appointment, and was granted seal and patent documents. In the 3rd year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration.

180

巴底宣慰司，其先綽布木淩，康熙四十一年，歸附，授巴底安撫司。宣統三年，改流。

The Pacification Commissioner of Badi descended from Chuobumuling, who submitted allegiance in the 41st year of Kangxi and received appointment as Pacification Commissioner of Badi. In the 3rd year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration.

181

巴旺宣慰司，與巴底土司同世系，分駐巴旺，共管地方土民。宣統三年，改流。

The Pacification Commissioner of Bawang shared the Badi line, was stationed separately at Bawang, and jointly governed the local tribes. In the 3rd year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration.

182

喇安撫司，其先阿倭塔爾，康熙四十年，歸附，授職。

The Pacification Commissioner of La descended from Aweita'er, who submitted allegiance in the 40th year of Kangxi and received appointment.

183

霍耳竹窩安撫司，即倬倭。其先索諾木袞卜，雍正六年，歸附，授職。宣統三年，改流。原管有瓦述寫達、瓦述更平東撒兩土百戶。

The Pacification Commissioner of Huo'er Zhuowo was Zhuowai. Its forebear Suonuomugunbu submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and received appointment. In the 3rd year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration. It had originally governed the native centurions of Washu Xieda and Washu Gengping Dongsan.

184

霍耳章谷安撫司，其先羅卜策旺，雍正六年，歸附，授職。光緒二十年，瞻對欲奪其地，鹿傳霖派兵滅瞻對，同倬倭一併改流。後發還，而章谷無人承領，改為爐霍屯。宣統三年，改流。

The Pacification Commissioner of Huo'er Zhanggu descended from Luobucewang, who submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and received appointment. In Guangxu 20, when Drayak sought to seize its territory, Lu Chuanlin sent troops to destroy Drayak and converted both it and Zhuowai to direct rule. The territory was later restored, but with no heir at Zhanggu it was converted into the Luhuo garrison. In the 3rd year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration.

185

納林沖長官司，其先諾爾布，雍正六年，歸附，授職，與章谷土司一家。

The native prefect of Nalinchong descended from Nuo'erbu, who submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and belonged to the same family as the Zhanggu chieftain.

186

瓦述色他長官司，雍正六年，歸附，授職。

The native prefect of Washu Seta submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

187

瓦述更平長官司，雍正六年，歸附，授職。

The native prefect of Washu Gengping submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

188

瓦述餘科長官司，其先沙克嘉諾爾布，雍正六年，歸附，授職。

The native prefect of Washu Yuke descended from Shakejianuo'erbu, who submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

189

霍耳孔撒安撫司，其先麻蘇爾特親，雍正六年，歸附，授職。宣統三年，改流。管有科則、圖根滿碟兩土百戶。

The Pacification Commissioner of Huo'er Kongsa descended from Masu'erteqin, who submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and received appointment. In the 3rd year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration. Its jurisdiction comprised the native centurions of Keze and Tugen Mandie.

190

霍耳甘孜麻書安撫司，其先那木卡索諾木，雍正六年，歸附，授職。宣統三年，改流。原管有革賚、朿暑、又朿暑三土百戶。

The Pacification Commissioner of Huo'er Ganzi Mashu descended from Namukasuonuomu, who submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and received appointment. In the 3rd year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration. It had originally governed the native centurions of Gela, Shushu, and You Shushu.

191

德爾格忒宣慰司，其先丹巴策淩。雍正六年，歸附，授德爾格忒安撫司。十一年，改宣慰司。諸土司部落，以德格為最大，東連瞻對，西連察木多，南連巴塘，北連西寧。番人以其地大，有「天德格，地德格」之稱。鹿傳霖派兵攻瞻對時，訪得德格土司羅追彭錯妻玉米者登仁甲生子名多吉僧格，又與頭人通，生子名降白仁青，以是與夫反目。玉米者登仁甲本藏女，於瞻對藏官有姻誼，藏官助之抗其夫，故各攜其子分居焉。光緒二十年，官軍計誘羅追彭錯，言為之逐其婦及降白仁青，因入德格。洎傳霖被劾，罷改流議。土司夫婦旋病故，傳霖奏遣其二子回籍，多吉僧格暫管地方。降白仁青已為僧，繼而招致多人爭職，多吉僧格奔藏。德格頭人百姓以降白仁青非土司子，且殘暴，迎多吉僧格歸。降白仁青避位數年，頭人正巴阿登等嗾其再起爭職，並誘占多吉僧格之妾。多吉僧格夫婦復奔藏，控於駐藏大臣有泰、張廕棠。既而德格百姓復迎之歸，錮降白仁青。降白仁青脫出，聚黨作亂，人民多被殺戮，多吉僧格遣人至打箭爐告急。宣統元年四月，趙爾豐率兵討之，降白仁青敗逃入藏。多吉僧格夫婦請改流，爾豐不欲利其危亂，許以復職。多吉僧格泣曰：「德格地廣人稀，窺伺者眾，終恐不自保，原招漢人開墾，使地辟民聚，乃可圖存。」意極堅決。爾豐奏分其地為五區：中區德化州，南區白玉州，北區登科府，極北一區即石渠歸，西區則同普縣，而邊北道駐登科焉。多吉僧格納其財產於官，徙家巴塘，復以奏給養贍銀及其妻姒郎錯莫首飾捐助巴塘學費。爾豐奏賞頭品頂戴，並予其妻建坊。原管有四上革賚、雜竹嗎竹卡、籠壩，六土百戶。

The Pacification Commissioner of Dege descended from Danbuceling. In the 6th year of Yongzheng he submitted allegiance and received appointment as Pacification Commissioner of Dege. In the 11th year the office was elevated to Pacification Commissioner. Of all the chieftain domains, Dege was the largest, bordering Drayak to the east, Qamdo to the west, Batang to the south, and Xining to the north. Because of its vast territory, the tribesmen called it "Heavenly Dege, Earthly Dege." When Lu Chuanlin attacked Drayak, it emerged that the Dege chieftain Luozhui Pengcuo's wife Yumizhe Dengrenjia had borne him a son, Duojisen'ge, but had also taken a headman as lover and borne Jiangbairinqing, turning her against her husband. Yumizhe Dengrenjia was a Tibetan woman with kin ties to Drayak's Tibetan officials, who backed her against her husband; each party then withdrew with its son to separate domains. In Guangxu 20 the government forces lured Luozhui Pengcuo with a promise to expel his wife and Jiangbairinqing, and thus entered Dege. When Chuanlin was impeached, the conversion plan was dropped. The chieftain and his wife soon died; Chuanlin memorialized to send their two sons home, leaving Duojisen'ge to administer the domain. Jiangbairinqing had taken monastic vows, but soon rallied rivals for the chieftainship and drove Duojisen'ge to flee into Tibet. Dege's headmen and people, rejecting Jiangbairinqing as no true heir and abhorring his cruelty, welcomed Duojisen'ge back. Jiangbairinqing had withdrawn for years when headman Zhengba Adeng and others incited him to reclaim the chieftainship and seduced Duojisen'ge's concubine. Duojisen'ge and his wife fled again to Tibet and appealed to Resident Commissioners Youtai and Zhang Yintang. The Dege people soon welcomed them back and imprisoned Jiangbairinqing. Jiangbairinqing broke free, raised a rebellion, and slaughtered many people; Duojisen'ge sent messengers to Dajianlu for help. In the fourth month of Xuantong 1 Zhao Erfeng marched against him; Jiangbairinqing was defeated and fled into Tibet. Duojisen'ge and his wife petitioned for conversion to direct rule, but Erfeng, unwilling to exploit their crisis, allowed them to resume office. Duojisen'ge wept and said, "Dege is vast and sparsely peopled, with many covetous neighbors—we cannot long survive alone. I wish to bring in Han settlers to open the land, populate the domain, and only then preserve ourselves." His resolve was absolute. Erfeng memorialized to divide the domain into five districts: Dehua in the center, Baiyu in the south, Dengke in the north, Shiqu Gui in the far north, and Tongpu in the west, with the Northern Frontier Circuit based at Dengke. Duojisen'ge surrendered his property to the state, moved his household to Batang, and donated his maintenance stipend and his wife Silangcuomo's jewelry to Batang school funds. Erfeng memorialized to grant him a first-rank cap ornament and erect an honor arch for his wife. It had originally governed six native centurions: Four Upper Gela, Zazhu Mazhuka, and Longba.

192

霍耳白利長官司，其先隆溥特查什，雍正六年，歸附，授職。宣統三年，改流。

The native prefect of Huo'er Baili descended from Longputechashi, who submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and received appointment. In the 3rd year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration.

193

霍耳咱安撫司，其先阿克旺錯爾恥木，雍正六年，歸附，授職。管有兩下革賚土百戶。

The Pacification Commissioner of Huo'er Za descended from Akewangcuo'erchimu, who submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and received appointment. Its jurisdiction comprised the Two Lower Gela native centurion.

194

霍耳東科長官司，其先達罕格努，雍正六年，歸附，授職。宣統三年，改流。

The native prefect of Huo'er Dongke descended from Dahan Genu, who submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and received appointment. In the 3rd year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration.

195

春科安撫司，其先袞卜旺劄爾，雍正六年，歸附，授職。副土司與安撫司一家，同時歸附授職。宣統元年，改流。

The Pacification Commissioner of Chunke descended from Gunbu Wangzha'er, who submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and received appointment. The deputy chieftain belonged to the same family as the Pacification Commissioner and received appointment when they submitted together. In the 1st year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration.

196

高日長官司，其先自印布，雍正六年，歸附，授職。宣統元年，改流。

The native prefect of Gaori descended from Ziyinbu, who submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and received appointment. In the 1st year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration.

197

蒙葛結長官司，其先達木袞布，雍正六年，歸附，授職。

The native prefect of Menggejie descended from Damugunbu, who submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

198

林蔥安撫司，其先袞卜林親，雍正六年，歸附，授職。宣統三年，改流。

The Pacification Commissioner of Lincong descended from Gunbulinqin, who submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and received appointment. In the 3rd year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration.

199

上納奪安撫司，其先索諾木旺劄爾，雍正六年，歸附，授職。宣統三年，改流。原管有上納奪土千戶，上納奪黎窩、上納奪、納奪黎窩三土百戶。

The Pacification Commissioner of Shangnaduo descended from Suonuomuwangzha'er, who submitted allegiance in the 6th year of Yongzheng and received appointment. In the 3rd year of Xuantong it was converted to direct administration. It had originally governed the Shangnaduo native chiliarch and the native centurions of Shangnaduo Liwo, Shangnaduo, and Naduo Liwo.

200

瞻對有上、中、下三名。上瞻對茹長官司、下瞻對安撫司，均雍正六年歸附授職；中瞻對長官司，乾隆十年授職。距打箭爐七日程。東連明正，南接裏塘，西北與德格土司毗連。縱橫數百里，為鴉龍江之上游。同治初，川、藏會攻瞻對，川軍未至，藏兵先克瞻對，派民官一、僧官一，率兵駐守，由達賴喇嘛及商上選任咨請駐藏大臣奏明，每三年替換。藏官恣行暴政，誅求無厭，瞻對民不堪命，屢起抗官，疆吏率加壓服，仍令屬藏。光緒二十年，鹿傳霖討平瞻對，議改流，卒為恭壽、文海劾罷。三十四年，趙爾豐由川赴關外，德格土司百姓沿途控告瞻對藏官侵奪土地，四出虐民，並曆訴中朝兩次將瞻對歸藏時，藏官追究內附者一一孥戮之慘。藏官不自安，陰欲添兵攻爾豐，爾豐令傅嵩矞率兵赴昌泰扼之。宣統元年春，爾豐建議收瞻對，樞府令駐藏大臣聯豫、溫宗堯與藏人議贖未成，樞臣恐牽動外交，持不斷。於是爾豐與嵩矞議，決以計取之。三年夏，爾豐調任入川，偕嵩矞整兵經瞻對。藏官憚軍勢之盛，潛遁去，瞻人歡舞出迎。因收回設治。尋爾豐至川奏聞。以上打箭爐廳阜和協屬。

Drayak was divided into Upper, Middle, and Lower. The native prefect of Upper Drayak Ru and the Pacification Commissioner of Lower Drayak both submitted and received appointment in the 6th year of Yongzheng; the native prefect of Middle Drayak received appointment in the 10th year of Qianlong. It lay seven days' march from Dajianlu. It bordered Mingzheng to the east, Litang to the south, and the Dege chieftain to the northwest. Several hundred li across, it formed the upper reaches of the Yalong River. Early in Tongzhi, Sichuan and Tibet jointly attacked Drayak; Tibetan troops took it before the Sichuan column arrived and installed one civil and one monastic official with a garrison, chosen by the Dalai Lama and Kashag and confirmed by the Resident Commissioner, rotated every three years. The Tibetan officials ruled brutally and extorted without end; the people of Drayak rebelled repeatedly, only to be suppressed by frontier officials and left under Tibetan rule. In Guangxu 20 Lu Chuanlin pacified Drayak and proposed direct rule, but was impeached and dismissed by Gongshou and Wenhai. In Guangxu 34, as Zhao Erfeng traveled from Sichuan to the frontier, Dege people petitioned all along the route against Drayak's Tibetan officials for seizing land and brutalizing the populace, recounting how on two occasions when Drayak was returned to Tibet the officials had hunted down submitters and slaughtered their families. The Tibetan officials, uneasy, secretly planned to reinforce and attack Erfeng; he ordered Fu Songyu to Changtai to block them. In the spring of Xuantong 1 Erfeng proposed recovering Drayak; the Grand Council ordered Lianyu and Wen Zongyao to negotiate redemption with Tibet without success, and the court, fearing diplomatic complications, could not decide. Erfeng and Songyu then resolved to take it by stratagem. In the summer of Xuantong 3, Erfeng was transferred to Sichuan and marched through Drayak with Songyu at the head of his troops. The Tibetan officials, awed by the army's strength, fled in secret, and the people of Drayak danced out to welcome the troops. Drayak was recovered and direct administration established. Erfeng soon reached Sichuan and memorialized the court. The above fell under the Fuhe Brigade of Dajianlu Subprefecture.

201

以上各土司，均頒有印信號紙。

All the above native chieftains were issued seals and patent documents.

202

里塘宣撫司，其先番目江擺，康熙五十七年，歸附，授職。傳至索諾木根登，因不能約束帳下頭人云甸等，致滋事端，革去土職，以土都司布洛工布拔補。里塘、巴塘兩土司例於頭人內揀補，與他土司不同。嘉慶十二年，希洛工布為竹馬策登等所害，以頭人阿策拔補，頒給印信號紙。

The Pacification Commissioner of Litang descended from the tribal headman Jiangbai, who submitted allegiance in the 57th year of Kangxi and received appointment. The line passed to Suonuomugendeng, who was stripped of office for failing to control headmen such as Yundian and causing unrest; the native commander Buluogongbu was appointed in his place. Litang and Batang chieftains were by precedent chosen from among headmen, unlike other chieftainships. In the 12th year of Jiaqing Xiluogongbu was killed by Zhuma Cedeng and others; headman Ace replaced him and received seal and patent documents.

203

副土司，其先番目康卻江錯，與正土司同時歸附。雍正七年，授職。嘉慶八年，土司羅藏策登為正土司頭人云甸等戕害，以頭人阿彩登舟拔補，頒給印信號紙。向設守備一、把總一。光緒三十一年，川軍討巴塘亂，里塘頭人不支烏拉，糧餉不能轉連，趙爾豐誅頭人，正土司逃往稻壩貢噶嶺，嘯聚土人為亂。爾豐移師攻鄉城，分兵先剿稻壩。正土司敗逃入藏，稻壩平。先是鄉城喇嘛普中劄娃強悍知兵，誘殺里塘守備李朝富父子。鹿傳霖派遊擊施文明討之，為所擒，剝皮實草，懸以為號。三十二年正月，爾豐率兵督攻，大小數十戰，匪退喇嘛寺死守。爾豐圍之數月，斷其水道，普中劄娃自縊，諸番皆降，改里塘為順化縣。三十四年秋，復改里化同知，以鄉城為定鄉縣，稻壩為稻城縣，貢噶嶺設縣丞。

The deputy chieftain descended from the tribal headman Kangque Jiangcuo, who submitted together with the chief chieftain. In the 7th year of Yongzheng he received appointment. In the 8th year of Jiaqing chieftain Luozang Cedeng was killed by the chief chieftain's headmen Yundian and others; headman Acai Dengzhou replaced him and received seal and patent documents. The post had one garrison commander and one company commander. In Guangxu 31, as the Sichuan army suppressed the Batang rebellion, Litang headmen could not sustain the ulag corvée and supply lines failed; Zhao Erfeng executed headmen, the chief chieftain fled to Daoba Gonggalin, and rallied tribesmen in rebellion. Erfeng turned to attack Xiangcheng and detached a column first to suppress Daoba. The chief chieftain was defeated and fled into Tibet, and Daoba was pacified. Earlier the Xiangcheng lama Puzhong Zhawa, a fierce and capable fighter, had lured and killed Litang garrison commander Li Chaofu and his son. Lu Chuanlin sent battalion commander Shi Wenming against him; he was captured, flayed and stuffed with straw, and hung up as a trophy. In the first month of Guangxu 32 Erfeng led the assault; after dozens of engagements the rebels withdrew into the lama temple and held it to the death. Erfeng besieged the temple for months and cut off its water; Puzhong Zhawa hanged himself, the tribes submitted, and Litang became Shunhua County. In the autumn of Guangxu 34 the post became the Lihua subprefect; Xiangcheng became Dingxiang County, Daoba Daocheng County, and Gonggalin an assistant magistrate.

204

瓦述毛丫長官司，其先番目索郎羅布，康熙六十一年，歸附。雍正七年，授職。

The native prefect of Washu Maoya descended from the tribal headman Suolang Luobu, who submitted allegiance in the 61st year of Kangxi. In the 7th year of Yongzheng he received appointment.

205

崇喜長官司，其先番目杜納台吉，康熙六十一年，歸附。雍正七年，授職。

The native prefect of Chongxi descended from the tribal headman Duna Taiji, who submitted allegiance in the 61st year of Kangxi. In the 7th year of Yongzheng he received appointment.

206

瓦述曲登長官司，其先番目康珠，康熙六十一年，歸附。雍正七年，授職。

The native prefect of Washu Qudeng descended from the tribal headman Kangzhu, who submitted allegiance in the 61st year of Kangxi. In the 7th year of Yongzheng he received appointment.

207

瓦述啯隴長官司，嘉慶十二年，歸附，授職。

The native prefect of Washu Guolong submitted allegiance and received appointment in the 12th year of Jiaqing.

208

以上各土司，皆頒有印信號紙。

All the above native chieftains were issued seals and patent documents.

209

瓦述茂丫土百戶，其先番目側冷工，康熙六十一年，歸附。雍正七年，授職。瓦述麻里土百戶，嘉慶十二年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Washu Maoya descended from the tribal headman Celenggong, who submitted allegiance in the 61st year of Kangxi. In the 7th year of Yongzheng he received appointment. The native centurion of Washu Mali submitted allegiance and received appointment in the 12th year of Jiaqing.

210

以上各土司，皆頒有號紙。以上里塘糧務屬。

All the above native chieftains were issued patent documents. The above fell under the Litang grain administration.

211

巴塘宣撫司，其先羅布阿旺，康熙五十八年，歸附，授職，頒給印信號紙。副土司同。由四川設糧員一、都司一、千總一，三年更替。其喇嘛寺設堪布一、鐵棒一，為僧官，亦三年另換。堪布掌管教務經典，鐵棒管理僧人條規。番人犯罪，土司治之。番人之喇嘛犯罪，鐵棒治之。土餉以賦相抵，不足由官補給，年約銀千餘兩。光緒三十年，駐藏幫辦大臣鳳全赴任，道經巴塘，見地土膏腴，即招漢人往墾，築墾場於茨梨隴，委巴塘糧員吳錫珍、都司吳以忠兼理。番人驚沮，土司堪布勸鳳全速入藏，不聽。三十一年春，七村溝番民聚眾劫殺墾夫，吳以忠陣亡，鳳全避入正土司寨，與亂民議和。亂民迫鳳全回川，許息事，鳳全信之。東行數里，至鸚哥嘴，被殺。夏，馬維騏、趙爾豐往討，六月十八日，克巴塘，誅兩土司並堪布喇嘛及首惡數人。爾豐搜剿餘匪，因移師定鄉城。三十二年秋，爾豐會錫良暨雲貴總督丁振鐸具奏改流，設巴安縣。三十四年，改巴安府，分設鹽井縣三壩通判，並設康安道，駐巴塘。原管有上臨卡石、下臨卡石、岡、桑隆、上阿蘇、下阿蘇、郭布等七土百戶。巴塘糧務屬。

The Pacification Commissioner of Batang descended from Luobu Awang, who submitted allegiance in the 58th year of Kangxi, received appointment, and was granted seal and patent documents. The deputy chieftain was the same. Sichuan posted one grain officer, one commander, and one company commander, rotated every three years. The lama temple had one khenpo and one disciplinarian as monastic officials, also rotated every three years. The khenpo oversaw religious affairs and scriptures; the disciplinarian enforced monastic discipline. Lay tribesmen were judged by the native chieftain. Monks were judged by the disciplinarian. Native tribute was offset by tax assessments, with shortfalls covered by the government at about one thousand taels of silver per year. In Guangxu 30 Assistant Resident Commissioner Feng Quan, passing through Batang on his way to Tibet, saw fertile land and recruited Han settlers, establishing a reclamation colony at Cililong under Batang grain officer Wu Xizhen and commander Wu Yizhong. The tribesmen were alarmed; the chieftain and khenpo urged Feng Quan to proceed quickly into Tibet, but he refused. In the spring of Guangxu 31 tribesmen of Qicungou massacred the settlers; Wu Yizhong was killed in battle; Feng Quan took refuge in the chief chieftain's stockade and negotiated with the rebels. The rebels forced Feng Quan back toward Sichuan with promises of peace, and he believed them. A few li east, at Yinggezui, he was murdered. That summer Ma Weiqi and Zhao Erfeng marched against them; on the eighteenth of the sixth month they took Batang and executed both chieftains, the khenpo lama, and several ringleaders. Erfeng mopped up the remaining rebels and turned his army toward Xiangcheng. In the autumn of Guangxu 32 Erfeng, Xi Liang, and Yunnan-Guizhou Governor-General Ding Zhenduo jointly memorialized for direct rule and established Ba'an County. In Guangxu 34 it became Ba'an Prefecture, with Yanjing County and the Sanba subprefect established separately and the Kang'an Circuit based at Batang. It had originally governed seven native centurions: Upper Linkashi, Lower Linkashi, Gang, Sanglong, Upper Asu, Lower Asu, and Guobu. It fell under the Batang grain administration.

212

嶺夷十二地夷人頭目，嘉慶十三年，歸附，給有頭目牌。十六年，改流，更姓住牧。豹嶺岡姓高，趕山坪姓澤，阿葉坪姓惠，牛跌蠻姓周，芭蕉溝姓華，龍竹山姓夏，雪都都姓萬，小板屋姓年，牛心山姓海，月落山姓宇，鹽井溪姓成，桃子溝姓平。

The Yi headmen of the twelve Lingyi districts submitted allegiance in the 13th year of Jiaqing and received headman plaques. In the 16th year they were converted to direct rule, assigned surnames, and settled to pasture. Baolinggang took the surname Gao, Ganshanping Ze, Ayeping Hui, Niudieman Zhou, Bajiaogou Hua, Longzhushan Xia, Xuedudu Wan, Xiaobanwu Nian, Niuxinshan Hai, Yueluoshan Yu, Yanjingxi Cheng, and Taozigou Ping.

213

赤夷十三支，嘉慶十三年，歸附，選拔土弁，給有委牌住牧。膽巴家土千總一、土把總一，管有雞疏、卑溪疏、哈疏、白魁四家。哈納家土千總一、土把總一，管有胃扭、雅劄、哈什三三家。蜚瓜家土千總一、土把總二，管有媽、呆得二家。魁西家土千總一、土把總一。

The thirteen Chiyi branches submitted allegiance in the 13th year of Jiaqing; native officers were chosen and granted commissions to settle and pasture. The Danbajia clan had one native chiliarch and one native platoon commander governing the Jishu, Beixishu, Hashu, and Baikui clans. The Hanajia clan had one native chiliarch and one native platoon commander governing the Weiniu, Yazha, and Hashisan clans. The Feiguajia clan had one native chiliarch and two native platoon commanders governing the Ma and Daide clans. The Kuixijia clan had one native chiliarch and one native platoon commander.

214

凡各地支所部猓夷稱曰「娃子」。以上瓘邊廳瓘邊營冷磧汛屬。

The Nuosu Yi subjects of the various branches were called wazi. The above fell under the Lengqi Garrison of the Guanbian Battalion of Guanbian Subprefecture.

215

石砫宣慰使，其先馬定虎，漢馬援後。南宋時，封安撫使。其後克用，明洪武初加封宣撫使。崇禎時，土司千乘及婦秦良玉，以功加太子太保，封忠貞侯。子祥麟，亦加封宣慰使。順治十六年，祥麟子萬年歸附，仍授宣慰使職。乾隆二十一年，以夔州府分駐雲安廠同知移駐石砫。二十五年，設石砫直隸廳，改土宣慰使為土通判世職，不理民事。夔州府夔州協屬。

The Pacification Commissioner of Shizhu descended from Ma Dinghu, a descendant of the Han general Ma Yuan. In Southern Song times the office was enfeoffed as Pacification Commissioner. Later Keyong was elevated to Pacification Commissioner at the beginning of Hongwu. In Chongzhen times chieftain Qiansheng and his wife Qin Liangyu were promoted to Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent and enfeoffed as Marquis of Zhongzhen for their service. His son Xianglin was also enfeoffed as Pacification Commissioner. In the 16th year of Shunzhi Xianglin's son Wannian submitted allegiance and retained the Pacification Commissioner office. In the 21st year of Qianlong the Yun'anchang subprefect detached from Kuizhou Prefecture was relocated to Shizhu. In the 25th year Shizhu Direct Subprefecture was established; the native Pacification Commissioner became a hereditary native subprefect without civil jurisdiction. It fell under the Kuizhou Brigade of Kuizhou Prefecture.

216

酉陽宣慰使司，其先受明封。傳至奇鑣，於順治十五年歸附，仍授原職，頒給印信號紙。雍正十二年，土司元齡因事革職，以其地改設酉陽直隸州。原管有邑梅峒、平茶峒、石耶峒、地壩四長官司，均於乾隆元年改流。重慶府綏甯營屬。

The Pacification Commissioner of Youyang had received Ming enfeoffment. The line passed to Qibiao, who submitted allegiance in the 15th year of Shunzhi, retained his former office, and received seal and patent documents. In the 12th year of Yongzheng chieftain Yuanling was dismissed for cause and his domain became Youyang Direct Prefecture. It had originally governed the native prefects of Yimeidong, Pingchadong, Shiyedong, and Diba, all converted to direct rule in the 1st year of Qianlong. It fell under the Suining Garrison of Chongqing Prefecture.

217

九姓土長官司，其先任福，江南溧陽人。明洪武初，從傅友德入蜀，招撫拗羿蠻，受封。傳至孟麒，以功擢安撫使。天啟元年，土司任世籓夫婦死難，子祈祿復以功授瀘衛守備。傳至長春，順治四年，歸附，更給知府劄副。吳三桂叛，長春來奔。十六年，復永甯，長春子功臣復率土民歸附，頒發劄付。康熙二年，江安縣賊吳天成等作亂，功臣以擒賊功議敘。子宗頊襲職，隨頒土長官司印信號紙，以武職屬瀘州州判及瀘州營管轄。嘉慶元年，移駐瀘衛。光緒三十四年，趙爾豐奏改瀘衛為古宋縣，存土司名。瀘州瀘州營屬。

The native prefect of Jiuxing descended from Ren Fu, a native of Liyang in Jiangnan. At the beginning of Hongwu he followed Fu Youde into Sichuan, pacified the Aoyi tribes, and received enfeoffment. The line passed to Mengqi, who was promoted to Pacification Commissioner for distinguished service. In the 1st year of Tianqi chieftain Ren Shifan and his wife died in service; their son Qilu received appointment as garrison commander of Luwei for distinguished service. The line passed to Changchun, who submitted allegiance in the 4th year of Shunzhi and received a new deputy prefect commission. When Wu Sangui rebelled, Changchun fled to the Qing side. In the 16th year, when Yongning was recovered, Changchun's son Gongchen again led his tribesmen to submit and received a commission. In the 2nd year of Kangxi bandits led by Wu Tiancheng of Jiang'an County rebelled; Gongchen was recommended for reward for capturing them. His son Zongxu inherited the office and received the native prefect seal and patent documents; as a military post it fell under the Luzhou subprefect and Luzhou Garrison. In the 1st year of Jiaqing the post was relocated to Luwei. In Guangxu 34 Zhao Erfeng memorialized to convert Luwei into Gushong County while retaining the chieftain title. It fell under the Luzhou Garrison of Luzhou.

218

千萬貫土千總，其先自元時受封。明洪武四年，賜姓楊。康熙四十三年，土司楊喇哇歸附，頒給印信號紙。其後楊明義，於雍正六年因雲南米貼夷滋事案參革。子明忠立功贖罪，賞土千總職銜，未經請頒印信號紙。管有頭目六十五名。

The native chiliarch of Qianwanguan had received enfeoffment since Yuan times. In the 4th year of Hongwu the Yang surname was granted. In the 43rd year of Kangxi chieftain Yang Lawa submitted allegiance and received seal and patent documents. Later Yang Mingyi was dismissed in the 6th year of Yongzheng in connection with the Mitie Yi disturbance in Yunnan. His son Mingzhong redeemed the offense through service and received the native chiliarch title, though no seal or patent documents were issued. Its jurisdiction comprised sixty-five headmen.

219

千萬貫土千戶，其先楊繼武，為土千總楊成胞叔。嘉慶七年，夷人滋事，繼武同成出力，賞給土千戶執照。

The native chiliarch of Qianwanguan descended from Yang Jiwu, paternal uncle of native chiliarch Yang Cheng. In the 7th year of Jiaqing, when the Yi rebelled, Jiwu and Cheng served with distinction and Jiwu received a native chiliarch license.

220

千萬貫土巡檢，其先安濟，明時授馬湖土知府。其後失職，復授土巡檢。雍正六年，土舍安保歸附，無印信號紙。管有頭目二十四名。

The native inspector of Qianwanguan descended from An Ji, who in Ming times received appointment as native prefect of Mahu. The office was later lost and restored as native inspector. In the 6th year of Yongzheng native tusu An Bao submitted allegiance but held no seal or patent documents. Its jurisdiction comprised twenty-four headmen.

221

以上雷波廳普安營屬。

The above fell under the Pu'an Garrison of Leibo Subprefecture.

222

黃螂土舍，其先為明時酋長。雍正五年，土舍國保歸附，無印信號紙。

The native tusu of Huanglang descended from Ming-era chieftains. In the 5th year of Yongzheng native tusu Guobao submitted allegiance but held no seal or patent documents.

223

凡千萬貫、黃螂四土司，所管黑、白骨頭二種倮夷，椎髻衣氈，耕種打牲為業。

The four chieftains of Qianwanguan and Huanglang governed black-headed and white-headed Nuosu Yi who wore topknots and felt garments and lived by farming and hunting.

224

以上雷波廳安阜營屬。

The above fell under the Anfu Garrison of Leibo Subprefecture.

225

平彝長官司，其先王元壽，原籍江南人，於明時受封。順治九年，土司王長才歸附。

The native prefect of Pingyi descended from Wang Yuanshou, a Jiangnan native enfeoffed in Ming times. In the 9th year of Shunzhi chieftain Wang Changcai submitted allegiance.

226

蠻彝司長官司，其先文的保，原籍湖廣人，於明時受封。順治九年，土司文鳳鳴歸附。

The native prefect of Manyisi descended from Wen Debao, a Huguang native enfeoffed in Ming times. In the 9th year of Shunzhi chieftain Wen Fengming submitted allegiance.

227

泥溪長官司，其先王麒，自明時世襲。順治九年，土司王嗣傳歸附。

The native prefect of Nixi descended from Wang Qi, who had held the office by hereditary succession since Ming times. In the 9th year of Shunzhi chieftain Wang Sichuan submitted allegiance.

228

沐川長官司，其先於明時受封，賜姓悅。順治九年，土司悅嶢瞻歸附。

The native prefect of Muchuan had received Ming enfeoffment and the surname Yue. In the 9th year of Shunzhi chieftain Yue Yaozhan submitted allegiance.

229

以上各土司，皆頒有印信號紙。以上屏山縣屏山汛屬。

All the above native chieftains were issued seals and patent documents. The above fell under the Pingshan Garrison of Pingshan County.

230

明州樂土百戶，其先盔甲，涼山生夷。其後駱哥，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Mingzhoule descended from Kuijia, a raw tribe of Liangshan. Later Luoge submitted allegiance in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

231

油石洞土百戶，其先普祚，涼山生夷。子咀姑，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Youshidong descended from Puzuo, a raw tribe of Liangshan. His son Jugu submitted allegiance in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

232

旁阿姑土百戶，其先腳謨伯，涼山生夷。子駱束，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Pang'agu descended from Jiaomobo, a raw tribe of Liangshan. His son Luosu submitted allegiance in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

233

大羊腸土百戶，其先六盔，涼山生夷。子紐車，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Dayangchang descended from Liukui, a raw tribe of Liangshan. His son Niuche submitted allegiance in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

234

膩乃巢土百戶，其先必祚，涼山生夷。子腳骨，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Ninaichao descended from Bizuo, a raw tribe of Liangshan. His son Jiaogu submitted allegiance in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

235

以上馬邊廳馬邊營煙峰汛屬。

The above fell under the Yanfeng Garrison of the Mabian Battalion of Mabian Subprefecture.

236

挖黑土百戶，其先亦赤，涼山生夷。子三兒，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Wahei descended from Yichi, a raw tribe of Liangshan. His son San'er submitted allegiance in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

237

阿招土百戶，其先阿直，涼山生夷。子秧哥，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Azhao descended from Azhi, a raw tribe of Liangshan. His son Yangge submitted allegiance in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

238

幹田壩土百戶，其先賒的，涼山生夷。子路引，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Gantianba descended from Shedi, a raw tribe of Liangshan. His son Luyin submitted allegiance in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

239

麻柳壩土百戶，其先鄂車，涼山生夷。子六貴，康熙四十二年，歸附，授職。

The native centurion of Maliuba descended from Eche, a raw tribe of Liangshan. His son Liugui submitted allegiance in the 42nd year of Kangxi and received appointment.

240

以上各土司，皆領有號紙。

All the above native chieftains held patent documents.

241

㯕栗坪土千戶，其先卜佐，涼山生夷。其後阿二，嘉慶十三年，歸附，賞給職銜，領有委牌。

The native chiliarch of Biliping descended from Buzuo, a raw tribe of Liangshan. Later A'er submitted allegiance in the 13th year of Jiaqing, received an office title, and held a commission plaque.

242

冷紀土外委，其先普祚，涼山生夷。子未鐵，雍正元年，歸附，授職。

The native ensign of Lengji descended from Puzuo, a raw tribe of Liangshan. His son Weitie submitted allegiance in the 1st year of Yongzheng and received appointment.

243

以上馬邊廳馬邊營三河口汛屬。

The above fell under the Sanhekou Garrison of the Mabian Battalion of Mabian Subprefecture.

244

以上各土司外，有理番廳之雜穀腦屯、乾堡寨屯、上孟董屯、下董孟屯、九子寨屯，懋功廳之懋功屯、崇化屯、撫邊屯、章穀屯、綏靖屯等土弁，各設屯守備，暨所屬屯千總、屯把總、屯外委，均世及接頂，與地志、兵志互見。

Beyond these chieftains were the garrison native officers of Zagunnao, Ganbaozhai, Upper Mengdong, Lower Dongmeng, and Jiuzizhai in Lifan Subprefecture, and Maogong, Chonghua, Fubian, Zhanggu, and Suijing in Maogong Subprefecture—each with a garrison commander and subordinate chiliarchs, platoon commanders, and ensigns, all hereditary offices cross-referenced in the gazetteers of geography and military affairs.

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