1
雲南古滇國。 自越巂蠻夷任貴自領太守，漢光武即授以印綬，不以內地官守例之。 若爨、若蒙，皆以本土大姓，就官累世，為一方長。 元封梁王於滇，與大理之段分治。 明破梁王，滅大理，就土官而統馭之，分宣慰使、宣撫使、安撫使、正副長官司、土府、土州以治之。
Yunnan was once the territory of the ancient Dian kingdom. When the Yuexi Yi chieftain Ren Gui had himself proclaimed Grand Administrator, Emperor Guangwu of Han at once invested him with the seal and ribbon of office, without treating him by the same rules as officials in the heartland. Families such as the Cuan and the Meng drew on powerful local lineages and, holding office for generations, ruled their respective regions. The Yuan enfeoffed the Prince of Liang in Dian, while the Duan of Dali governed their domain in parallel. When the Ming destroyed the Liang princely house and extinguished Dali, they ruled through native chiefs, organizing the region into Pacification Commissioners, Pacification Supervisors, Reassurance Commissioners, principal and deputy native chiefs, native prefectures, and native subprefectures.
2
清順治十七年，平西王吳三桂定雲南，明永明王走緬甸，以沐府舊地封三桂，永鎮雲南。 康熙十四年，撤籓，三桂遂叛。 三桂死，其孫世璠襲。 二十一年，克之，世璠自殺，雲南大定。
In the seventeenth year of the Shunzhi reign (1660), the Prince Who Pacifies the West, Wu Sangui, brought Yunnan under his control. The Ming Yongli Emperor fled into Burma, and the former domains of the Mu household were granted to Sangui with a perpetual commission to guard Yunnan. In the fourteenth year of Kangxi (1675), the court revoked his fief, and Sangui rose in rebellion. After Sangui's death, his grandson Shifan took up his cause. In the twenty-first year of Kangxi (1682), the Qing forces overran their position; Shifan took his own life, and Yunnan was finally pacified.
3
雍正初，改土歸流之議起。 四年夏，先革東川土目，即進圖烏蒙。 時烏蒙土府祿萬鍾、鎮雄土府隴慶侯皆年少，兵權皆握于其叔祿鼎坤、隴聯星。 鄂爾泰令總兵劉起元屯東川，招降祿鼎坤。 惟祿萬鍾制于漢奸，約鎮雄兵三千攻鼎坤于魯甸，鄂爾泰遣遊擊哈元生敗之； 又檄其相仇之阿底土兵共搗烏蒙，連破關隘，賊遂敗走鎮雄。 鄂爾泰復招降隴聯星，而鼎坤亦以兵三千攻鎮雄之脅，兩酋皆遁四川，於是兩土府旬日平。 以烏蒙設府，鎮雄設州，又設鎮于烏蒙，控制三屬，由四川改隸雲南，以一事權。 其東川法戛土目祿天祐、烏蒙米貼土目祿永孝，尚各據巢患邊。 六年春，遣兵破擒法戛，又遣副將郭壽域以兵三百捕米貼賊，逃渡小金沙江，糾四川沙馬司及建昌、涼山各夷倮數千潛回，襲陷官兵。 鄂爾泰遣總兵張耀祖、參將哈元生三路搜討。 詔四川建昌、永寧官兵聽鄂爾泰節制。 於是自小金沙江外，沙馬、雷波、吞都、黃螂諸土司地，直抵建昌，袤千餘里，皆置營汛，形聯勢控，並擒雷波土司楊明義； 而哈元生回軍復敗阿盧土司之眾數千，屯田東川，歲收二萬餘石，課礦歲萬金，資兵餉。 軍甫定，祿鼎坤以功擢河南參將，怏怏失望。 其子祿萬福乞回魯甸治產，見總兵劉起元軍律不肅，陰會其舊部謀變。 時烏蒙商民萬計，有險可扼，且賊止標弩，無大砲，而劉起元惟媮餒賄和，賊遂陷鎮城，盡戕兵民，遍煽東川、鎮雄及四川涼山蠻數萬叛。 鄂爾泰奏言：「臣用人僨事，請別簡大臣總督兩省，暫假臣提督，將兵討賊雪憤。」 世宗慰留之。 鄂爾泰調官兵萬餘，土兵半之，三路進攻。 先令總兵魏翥國率兵二千，七日馳抵東川，得不陷； 而魏翥國旋為祿鼎明刺傷，乃以官祿代翥國。 烏蒙委總兵哈元生、副將徐成貴，鎮雄委參將韓勳。 勳以兵四百扼奎鄉，敗賊四千，連破四寨。 哈元生以千餘兵討烏蒙，先至得勝坡，遇賊二萬。 其黑寡、暮末二渠皆萬人敵。 黑寡持長槍，直犯元生，元生左格槍，右拔矢，應手殪之； 又射殪暮末，即竿揭二首以進，賊奪氣。 再戰再捷，進至倚那岡。 賊數萬，連營十餘里。 我兵三千、土兵千，夜設伏賊營左右，而嚴陣以待。 黎明，賊數路來犯，不動。 將偪陣，砲起，大呼奮擊，山后伏兵左右夾攻，賊大潰，盡破其八十餘營，獲甲械輜重山積。 即日抵烏蒙，賊見元生旗，即反走，克三關，祿萬福兄弟、祿鼎坤均伏誅。
Early in the Yongzheng reign, the court began debating the policy of replacing native chiefs with appointed officials. In the summer of the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), reform began with the native chiefs of Dongchuan, and attention turned at once to Wumeng. The native prefects of Wumeng and Zhenxiong—Lu Wanzhong and Long Qinghou—were both young men, and real military authority rested with their uncles Lu Dingkun and Long Lianxing. Ortai stationed Regional Commander Liu Qiyuan at Dongchuan and sought to win Lu Dingkun's surrender. Lu Wanzhong, however, was dominated by a Han collaborator, who persuaded him to send three thousand men from Zhenxiong against Dingkun at Ludian; Ortai dispatched Mobile Corps Commander Ha Yuansheng, who routed them; He also called on the Adi native troops, who were at odds with them, to join in an assault on Wumeng. Government forces broke through pass after pass, and the rebels retreated in defeat toward Zhenxiong. Ortai again induced Long Lianxing to surrender, while Dingkun in turn led three thousand men against Zhenxiong's flank. Both chieftains fled into Sichuan, and within ten days the two native prefectures were subdued. Wumeng was elevated to a prefecture and Zhenxiong to a subprefecture; a military garrison was placed at Wumeng to oversee the three dependencies, and the region was transferred from Sichuan to Yunnan jurisdiction so that authority might rest in one hand. The Faga native chief of Dongchuan, Lu Tianyou, and the Mitie native chief of Wumeng, Lu Yongxiao, still held out in their strongholds and harassed the frontier. In the spring of the sixth year (1728), government forces broke Faga and took its chief prisoner. Deputy Commander Guo Shouyu was sent with three hundred men after the Mitie rebels, who escaped across the Lesser Jinsha. They then rallied several thousand Yi and Luo from Shama in Sichuan and from Jianchang and Liangshan, stole back by hidden routes, and overran the government detachment. Ortai sent Regional Commander Zhang Yaozu and Brigade Commander Ha Yuansheng on three converging columns to hunt the rebels down. An imperial edict placed the Jianchang and Yongning forces of Sichuan under Ortai's command. From beyond the Lesser Jinsha through the domains of Shama, Leibo, Tundu, Huanglang, and other native chiefs, all the way to Jianchang—a belt more than a thousand li long—garrisons and patrol posts were set up in a linked chain, and the Leibo native chief Yang Mingyi was taken prisoner; On his return march Ha Yuansheng again routed several thousand followers of the Alu native chief. He established military colonies in Dongchuan that yielded more than twenty thousand piculs of grain a year and mines that produced ten thousand taels annually to support the troops. Hardly had the army been settled when Lu Dingkun, rewarded for his service with promotion to Brigade Vice-Commander in Henan, grew resentful and discontented. His son Lu Wanfu petitioned to return to Ludian to manage the family estates. Seeing that Regional Commander Liu Qiyuan's troops were slack in discipline, he secretly rallied his former followers to plot a revolt. Tens of thousands of merchants and townspeople were then in Wumeng, and the terrain offered defiles that could be held. The rebels carried only poisoned bolts and crossbows, no heavy artillery—yet Liu Qiyuan merely pilfered rations and took bribes to negotiate peace. The rebels overran the garrison town, massacred soldiers and civilians, and stirred up tens of thousands of tribesmen in Dongchuan, Zhenxiong, and Liangshan in Sichuan to rise in revolt. Ortai memorialized: "I have failed in my choice of men. I beg Your Majesty to appoint another senior minister to govern both provinces, and to grant me temporary rank as Provincial Military Commissioner so that I may lead troops against the rebels and redeem this disgrace." The Yongzheng Emperor comforted him and kept him at his post. Ortai assembled more than ten thousand regular troops, with native auxiliaries numbering half as many again, and advanced in three columns. He first sent Regional Commander Wei Zhuguo with two thousand men, who reached Dongchuan in seven days' forced march and kept the city from falling; but Wei Zhuguo was soon stabbed and wounded by Lu Dingming, and Guan Lu was appointed in his place. Ha Yuansheng and Deputy Commander Xu Chenggui were assigned to Wumeng; Brigade Commander Han Xun to Zhenxiong. With four hundred men Han Xun held Kuixiang, routed four thousand rebels, and took four stockades in succession. Ha Yuansheng marched on Wumeng with a little over a thousand men. At Desheng Slope he met twenty thousand rebels. Their two chieftains, Heigua and Mumo, were each said to be a match for ten thousand men. Heigua charged at Yuansheng with a long spear; Yuansheng parried with his left hand, drew an arrow with his right, and killed him on the spot; He then shot Mumo dead, had both heads raised on poles and carried forward, and the rebels' morale collapsed. Victory followed victory until they reached Yina Ridge. Tens of thousands of rebels had pitched camp along more than ten li of ground. With three thousand regulars and a thousand native auxiliaries, they laid ambushes on both flanks of the rebel camp by night and held the main line in battle order. At dawn the rebels attacked from several directions; the government line held firm. As the rebels pressed the line, the guns opened fire and the troops charged with a great shout. Ambush parties on the hills struck from both flanks, and the rebels broke in rout. More than eighty camps were overrun, and captured arms and baggage heaped up like hills. That same day they reached Wumeng. At sight of Yuansheng's banner the rebels turned and fled. Three passes were taken, and Lu Wanfu, his brothers, and Lu Dingkun were all put to death.
4
六年，鄂爾泰總督三省，其土州安於蕃、鎮沅土府刁澣，及赭樂長官土司、威遠州、廣南府各土目，先後劾黜。 惟刁氏之族舍土目煽糾威遠黑倮復反，戕知府劉洪度。 於是盡徙已革土司土目他省安置，並搜剿黨逆之威遠、新平諸倮，冒瘴突入，擒斬千計，而我將士亦患瘴死二百餘。 又進剿瀾滄江內孟養、茶山土夷，即明王驥兵十二萬，大舉再征，諸蠻驚謂「自古漢兵所未至者」也。 鄂爾泰先檄車里土兵截諸江外，官兵各持斧鍬開路，焚柵湮溝，連破險隘，直抵孟養，據蠻坡通餉道； 其六茶山巢穴四十餘寨，乃用降夷鄉導，以賊攻賊，於是深入數千里，無險不搜。 惟江外歸車里土司，江內地全改流。 升普洱為府； 移沅江協副將駐之。 于思茅、橄欖壩各設官戍兵，以扼蒙緬、老撾門戶。 於是廣南府土同知、富州土知州，各原增歲糧二三千石，並捐建府、州城垣。 孟連土司獻銀廠，怒江野夷輸皮幣，而老撾、景邁二國皆來貢象，緬甸震焉。 乾隆三十四年，遷孟拱土司於關外。 緬甸事詳見緬甸傳。
In the sixth year Ortai became governor-general of all three provinces. The native subprefecture of Anyufan, the Zhenyuan native prefecture under Diao Huan, the Zhele chief, and the various native chiefs of Weiyuan and Guangnan were impeached and removed one after another. Only disaffected members of the Diao clan, stripped of their native offices, stirred up the Black Luo of Weiyuan to revolt again and murdered Prefect Liu Hongdu. All deposed native chiefs were then resettled in other provinces. Government forces hunted down the Luo of Weiyuan, Xinping, and other districts who had joined the rebels, pressing through malarial country to capture and kill more than a thousand—while more than two hundred of our own officers and men died of the pestilence. They also pushed into the Mengyang and Chashan tribal lands along the Lancang—country that even in the Ming had required Wang Ji's army of a hundred and twenty thousand on a major campaign. The tribes were astonished, declaring that Han troops had never come there since ancient times. Ortai first ordered Cheli native troops to cut off routes beyond the rivers. Regular soldiers cleared the way with axes and spades, burning palisades and filling ditches, breaking through one defile after another until they reached Mengyang and secured Manpo to open the supply line; In the six Chashan strongholds alone there were more than forty stockades. Surrendered tribesmen served as guides, and rebel was set against rebel until the army had penetrated thousands of li, leaving no defile unsearched. Only beyond the rivers did authority remain with the Cheli native chief; all territory on the inner bank was converted to regular administration. Pu'er was elevated to prefectural status; and the Deputy Regional Commander of the Yuanjiang Brigade was stationed there. Officials and garrisons were placed at Simao and Ganlanba to guard the gateways toward Burma and Laos. The native Vice-Prefect of Guangnan and the native Prefect of Fuzhou each voluntarily increased their annual grain tribute by two or three thousand piculs and contributed to building the prefectural and subprefectural walls. The Menglian native chief presented a silver mine; wild tribes along the Nu River sent pelts and tribute; Laos and Jingmai both sent tribute elephants—and Burma trembled. In the thirty-fourth year of Qianlong (1769), the Menggong native chief was moved beyond the frontier pass. For affairs concerning Burma, see the Burma Biography.
5
煉象關土巡檢，居煉象關大街。 清順治十六年，土巡檢李文秀歸附，仍授舊職。 傳至李東祚，乾隆五十年，改為從九品土官，世襲。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Lianxiang Pass had his seat on the main street of the pass. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector Li Wenxiu submitted to the Qing and was confirmed in his former office. The line passed to Li Dongzuo; in the fiftieth year of Qianlong (1785) the office was reclassified as a hereditary ninth-rank native post.
6
南平關土巡檢，居土官村。 清順治十六年，土巡檢李楚南歸附，仍授舊職。 傳至李東來，乾隆五十年，改為從九品土官，世襲。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Nanping Pass resided at Tuguan Village. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector Li Chunan submitted and was confirmed in his former office. The line passed to Li Donglai; in the fiftieth year of Qianlong (1785) the office was reclassified as a hereditary ninth-rank native post.
7
定西嶺土巡檢，居定西嶺。 清順治十六年，土巡檢李齊鬥歸附，仍授舊職。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Dingxi Ridge had his seat at Dingxi Ridge. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector Li Qidou submitted and was confirmed in his former office.
8
雲南縣土縣丞，在縣城。 清順治十六年，土知縣楊玉蘊子嶽歸附，仍授土知縣世職。 康熙六年，雲南縣改設流官知縣，其知縣改縣丞，世襲。
The native Assistant Magistrate of Yunnan County had his seat in the county town. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Yang Yue, son of the native magistrate Yang Yulan, submitted and was confirmed in the hereditary native magistracy. In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), Yunnan County received a regular magistrate; the former native magistrate was reclassified as hereditary assistant magistrate.
9
雲南縣土主簿，居土官村，離城十里。 清順治十六年，土主簿張維歸附，仍授世職。
The native Registrar of Yunnan County lived at Tuguan Village, ten li from the county seat. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native registrar Zhang Wei submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office.
10
青索鼻土巡檢，在青索鼻。 清順治十六年，土巡檢楊應鵬歸附，仍授舊職。 傳至楊榮昌，乾隆五十年，改為從九品土官，世襲。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Qingsuobi had his seat at Qingsuobi. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector Yang Yingpeng submitted and was confirmed in his former office. The line passed to Yang Rongchang; in the fiftieth year of Qianlong (1785) the office was reclassified as a hereditary ninth-rank native post.
11
浪穹縣土典史，在縣城。 清順治十六年，土典史王鳳州歸附，仍授世職。
The native Clerk of Langqiong County had his seat in the county town. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native clerk Wang Fengzhou submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office.
12
蒲陀崆土巡檢，在蒲陀崆，距縣城十五里。 清順治十六年，土巡檢楊爭先歸附，仍授世職。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Putuokong had his seat at Putuokong, fifteen li from the county town. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector Yang Zhengxian submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office.
13
鳳羽鄉土巡檢，在鳳羽鄉，距縣城三十里。 清順治十六年，土巡檢尹德明歸附，仍授世職。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Fengyu Township had his seat at Fengyu, thirty li from the county town. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector Yin Deming submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office.
14
上江嘴土巡檢，在上江嘴，距縣一百二十里。 清順治十六年，土巡檢楊康國歸附，仍授世職。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Shangjiangzui had his seat at Shangjiangzui, one hundred twenty li from the county seat. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector Yang Kangguo submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office.
15
下江嘴土巡檢，在下江嘴，距縣九十里。 清順治十六年，土巡檢何應福歸附，仍授世職。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Xiajiangzui had his seat at Xiajiangzui, ninety li from the county seat. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector He Yingfu submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office.
16
箭杆場土巡檢，居箭杆場。 清順治十六年，土巡檢字題鳳歸附，仍授世職。 舊屬鄧川州，康熙二年，改隸雲龍州。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Jianganchang had his seat at Jianganchang. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector Zi Tifeng submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office. Formerly under Dengchuan Subprefecture; in the second year of Kangxi (1663) it was placed under Yunlong Subprefecture.
17
十二關長官司，在府東三百里。 清順治十六年，長官司李恬森歸附，仍授世職。
The Chief Official of the Twelve Passes had his seat three hundred li east of the prefecture. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Chief Official Li Tiansen submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office.
18
老窩土千總，居老窩。 清順治十六年，土知州段德壽歸附，後裁。 乾隆十二年，德壽孫維精剿秤戛夷賊有功，十七年，授土千總世職。 道光元年，永北軍務，段克勳帶練擒賊，給五品頂戴。
The native Battalion Commander of Laowo had his seat at Laowo. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native prefect Duan Deshou submitted; the office was later abolished. In the twelfth year of Qianlong (1747), Deshou's grandson Weijing distinguished himself against the Cheng'a rebels; in the seventeenth year (1752) he received the hereditary battalion command. In the first year of Daoguang (1821), during the Yongbei campaign, Duan Kexun led militia in capturing rebels and was awarded a fifth-rank cap button.
19
六庫土千總，居六庫。 其先段復健，明土知州段保十七世孫。 清乾隆十二年，征秤戛夷賊有功，十七年，授土千總世職。 道光元年，永北軍務，段履仁帶練擒賊，給五品頂戴。
The native Battalion Commander of Liuku had his seat at Liuku. The line traced its descent from Duan Fujian, seventeenth-generation descendant of the Ming native prefect Duan Bao. In the twelfth year of Qianlong (1747) he distinguished himself against the Cheng'a rebels; in the seventeenth year (1752) he received the hereditary battalion command. In the first year of Daoguang (1821), during the Yongbei campaign, Duan Luren led militia in capturing rebels and was awarded a fifth-rank cap button.
20
漕澗土把總，居漕澗。 清順治十八年，左文燦以堵禦功授土官長官司，子停襲。 乾隆十二年，文燦曾孫左世英隨征秤戛夷賊有功，授土把總，世襲。
The native Company Commander of Caojian had his seat at Caojian. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), Zuo Wencan received the native chief's office for merit in holding the line; succession was suspended for his son. In the twelfth year of Qianlong (1747), Wencan's great-grandson Zuo Shiying distinguished himself in the Cheng'a campaign and received the hereditary company command.
21
鄧川州土知州，清順治十六年，土知州阿尚夔歸附，仍授世職。 曾孫阿口遠，因縱賊殃民，雍正四年改流，安插江西。
The native Prefect of Dengchuan Subprefecture: in the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native prefect A Shangkui submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office. His great-grandson A Kouyuan had indulged bandits and harmed the people; in the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726) the post was abolished, he was resettled in Jiangxi, and the territory was brought under regular administration.
22
納樓茶甸長官司，在府西南一百八十里。 清順治十六年，長官司普率歸附，仍授世職。 康熙四年，率附王祿叛，官兵討之，乞降，赦之，以子向化襲。
The Chief Official of Nalou Chadian had his seat one hundred eighty li southwest of the prefecture. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Chief Official Pu Shuai submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), Shuai joined Wang Lu's rebellion. Government forces marched against him; he pleaded for mercy, was pardoned, and his son Xianghua inherited the office.
23
納更山土巡檢，距府東南二百八十里。 清順治十六年，土巡檢龍天正歸附，仍授世職。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Naged Mountain lay two hundred eighty li southeast of the prefecture. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector Long Tianzheng submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office.
24
虧容甸長官司，在府西南一百四十里。 清順治十六年，長官司孫大昌歸附，仍授副長官世職。
The Chief Official of Kuirong Precinct had his seat one hundred forty li southwest of the prefecture. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Chief Official Sun Dachang submitted and was confirmed in the hereditary deputy chieftaincy.
25
思陀鄉土舍，在府西南二百五十里。 清順治十六年，長官司李秉忠歸附，仍授長官司、副長官世職。 後絕，改土舍。 康熙二十年，以李世元繼襲。
The native chieftain of Situo Township had his seat two hundred fifty li southwest of the prefecture. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Chief Official Li Bingzhong submitted and was confirmed in the hereditary chief and deputy offices. The line later died out and the office was reduced to a native chieftaincy. In the twentieth year of Kangxi (1681), Li Shiyuan inherited the post.
26
溪處長官司副長官，在府西南三百一十五里。 清順治十六年，長官司恩忠歸附，仍授副長官世職。 康熙四年，附祿昌賢叛，伏誅，改土舍。
The Deputy Chief Official of Xichu had his seat three hundred fifteen li southwest of the prefecture. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Chief Official En Zhong submitted and was confirmed in the hereditary deputy chieftaincy. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), he joined Lu Changxian's rebellion, was put to death, and the office was reduced to a native chieftaincy.
27
瓦渣鄉長官司，在府西南二百四十里。 清順治十六年，錢覺耀歸附，仍授副長官世職。 康熙四年，通王祿叛，官兵擒斬之，職除，改土舍。
The Chief Official of Wazha Township had his seat two hundred forty li southwest of the prefecture. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Qian Jueyao submitted and was confirmed in the hereditary deputy chieftaincy. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), he colluded with Wang Lu's rebellion. Government troops captured and executed him; the chief's office was abolished and the post reclassified as a native chieftaincy.
28
左能寨長官司，在府西南二百三十里。 清順治十六年，吳應科歸附，以非滇志所載，下臨安府查核，稽其譜系，蓋應科為明蚌頗十一世孫，因改土舍，准襲。
The Chief Official of Zuoneng Stockade had his seat two hundred thirty li southwest of the prefecture. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Wu Yingke submitted. Not listed in the Yunnan gazetteer, the case was referred to Lin'an Prefecture for verification. Genealogical inquiry showed him to be the eleventh-generation descendant of the Ming chief Bangpo; the office was therefore reclassified as a native chieftaincy with permission to inherit.
29
落恐甸長官司，在府西南二百里。 清順治十六年，明授副長官司陳玉歸附，因號紙無存，給便委土舍，仍准世襲。
The Chief Official of Luokong Precinct had his seat two hundred li southwest of the prefecture. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Chen Yu, Ming-appointed deputy chief, submitted. His patent had been lost, so he received a provisional native chieftaincy, though hereditary succession was still allowed.
30
阿邦鄉土舍，在府東南二百一十里。 明授土守備。 清順治十六年，土守備陶順祖歸附，守職如故。 旋議土司不宜加武職，改土舍。
The native chieftain of Abang Township had his seat two hundred ten li southeast of the prefecture. Under the Ming the post had been that of native garrison commander. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native garrison commander Tao Shunzu submitted and retained his former duties. The court soon ruled that native chieftains should not hold military rank, and the office was reduced to a native chieftaincy.
31
慢車鄉土舍，在府西南一百四十里。 清順治間，元江土夷亂，漫車土目刀岡隨官軍協剿，授土舍世職。
The native chieftain of Manche Township had his seat one hundred forty li southwest of the prefecture. During the Shunzhi era, when Yuanjiang's native Yi rose in revolt, the Mangche headman Dao Gang aided government forces in the suppression and received the hereditary native chieftaincy.
32
稿吾卡土把總，在府東南二百八十里。 清雍正間，納更土目龍在渭隨征元普逆夷有功，給土把總職銜。 嘉慶二十二年，江外夷匪滋事，龍定國父子陣亡，奏准世襲土把總。
The native Company Commander of Gaowuka had his seat two hundred eighty li southeast of the prefecture. During the Yongzheng era, the Naged headman Long Zaiwei distinguished himself in the Yuanpu campaign and received the company commander's title. In the twenty-second year of Jiaqing (1817), bandits beyond the rivers stirred up trouble. Long Dingguo and his son fell in battle; the court approved the hereditary company command.
33
十五猛，縱橫四百餘里。 明初為沐氏勳莊。 清順治十七年，吳三桂請並雲南荒田給與籓下壯丁耕種。 康熙七年，奏旨圈撥。 叛後，變價歸建水徵收。 猛各設一掌寨，督辦錢糧。 管有猛喇、猛丁、猛梭、猛賴、猛蚌、茨桶壩、五畝、五邦、者米、猛弄、馬龍、瓦遮、鬥岩、阿土、水塘十五寨。
The Fifteen Meng districts covered more than four hundred li in extent. In the early Ming they had been merit estates of the Mu clan. In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (1660), Wu Sangui petitioned to have Yunnan's waste lands combined and allotted to the strong men of his fief for farming. In the seventh year of Kangxi (1668), an imperial edict ordered the lands surveyed and apportioned. After the rebellion the holdings were sold and collection transferred to Jianshui. Each district had one village head appointed to oversee taxes and grain levies. Its fifteen stockades were Mengla, Mengding, Mengsuo, Menglai, Mengbang, Citongba, Wumu, Wubang, Zhemi, Mengnong, Malong, Wazhe, Douyan, Atu, and Shuitang.
34
教化三部長官副長官。 清順治十六年，副長官龍升歸附，仍以張長壽為名，許之，授世職。 康熙四年，附王祿叛，誅之，以其地為開化府，設流官。
The Deputy Chief Official of the Three Departments of Jiaohua. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Deputy Chief Long Sheng submitted. He continued to use the name Zhang Changshou, which the court allowed, and received the hereditary office. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), he joined Wang Lu's rebellion and was put to death. His lands were organized as Kaifua Prefecture under regular magistrates.
35
王弄山長官司副長官。 清順治十六年，副長官王朔歸附，授世職。 康熙四年，朔與祿昌賢叛，官兵討之，朔自焚死，以其地屬開化府。
The Deputy Chief Official of Wangnong Mountain. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Deputy Chief Wang Shuo submitted and received the hereditary office. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), Shuo joined Lu Changxian's rebellion. Government forces marched against him; Shuo burned himself alive, and his territory was annexed to Kaifua Prefecture.
36
阿迷州土知州，舊有土目李阿側。 清康熙四年，從討王朔有功，授土知州世職。 傳至李純，濫派橫征，為倮夷所控。 雍正四年，籍其產，安置江西，改流。
The native Subprefectural Magistrate of Ami; formerly a native headman named Li Ace had held power. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), for distinguished service against Wang Shuo he received the hereditary native subprefectural magistracy. The line passed to Li Chun, who imposed arbitrary and excessive levies until the Luo Yi brought charges against him. In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), his estates were confiscated, he was resettled in Jiangxi, and the territory was brought under regular administration.
37
寧州土知州，清順治十六年，祿昌賢歸附，仍授世職。 十七年，降州同。 明年，以舉首梅道人等謀逆，復原職。 康熙四年，以叛伏誅。
The native Subprefectural Magistrate of Ning: in the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Lu Changxian submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office. In the seventeenth year (1660) he was demoted to subprefectural vice magistrate. The following year he exposed the conspiracy of the Daoist Mei Daoren and others and was restored to his former post. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665) he was executed for rebellion.
38
寧州土州判。 清康熙十九年，滇有李者祿歸附，准世襲州判。 後絕，停襲。
The native Subprefectural Judge of Ning. In the nineteenth year of Kangxi (1680), when Yunnan was recovered, Li Zhelu submitted and was permitted the hereditary subprefectural judgeship. The line later died out and inheritance was suspended.
39
嶍峨縣土知縣。 清順治十六年，祿益歸附，仍授世職。 康熙四年，與祿昌賢等叛改流。
The native Magistrate of Qiao'e County. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Lu Yi submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), he joined Lu Changxian's rebellion and the post was abolished in favor of regular administration.
40
嶍峨縣土主簿。 清順治十六年，王揚祖歸附，仍授世職。 康熙四年，與祿昌賢等叛，伏誅，職除。
The native Registrar of Qiao'e County. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Wang Yangzu submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), he joined Lu Changxian's rebellion, was put to death, and the office was abolished.
41
蒙自縣土縣丞。 土知縣陸氏被黜，其土舍寧州祿重據土官村，溺於酒色，不能馭下。 其目把李輔舜等叛歸沙源，源以兵乘之，遂破有土官村。 沙定洲踞會城，令李輔舜子日芳竊據蒙自。 定洲敗，日芳遂家於蒙。 清康熙四年，日芳弟日森子世籓、世屏附寧州祿昌賢叛，總兵閻鎮破之。 世籓遁，追斬之； 世屏出降，免死，充大理軍。 後吳三桂反，給世屏偽總兵劄。 大師復滇，世屏持劄歸附，授蒙自縣土縣丞職，不准世襲。
The native Assistant Magistrate of Mengzi County. The Lu-clan native magistrate was dismissed. The Ning chieftain Lu Chong occupied Tuguan Village, sank into wine and women, and could not command his subordinates. His subordinates Li Fushun and others defected to Sha Yuan, who struck with troops and captured Tuguan Village. Sha Dingzhou seized the provincial seat and set Li Fushun's son Rifang to hold Mengzi. When Dingzhou fell, Rifang established his household at Mengzi. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665), Rishen's sons Shifan and Shiping joined Ning's Lu Changxian in rebellion. Regional Commander Yan Zhen crushed the uprising. Shifan fled and was hunted down and executed. Shiping surrendered, was spared execution, and enrolled in the Dali garrison. When Wu Sangui later rebelled, he issued Shiping a bogus commission as major general. When the imperial army recovered Yunnan, Shiping presented his commission and submitted. He received the native assistant magistracy of Mengzi County, but without hereditary tenure.
42
楚雄縣土縣丞。 清順治十六年，土縣丞楊春盛歸附，仍授舊職。 乾隆五十年，改為正八品土官，世襲。
The native Assistant Magistrate of Chuxiong County. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native assistant magistrate Yang Chunsheng submitted and was confirmed in his former office. In the fiftieth year of Qianlong (1785) the office was reclassified as a hereditary eighth-rank native post.
43
鎮南州土州同，居本城。 清順治十六年，土州同段光贊歸附，仍授世職。
The native Subprefectural Vice Magistrate of Zhennan had his seat in the prefectural town. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native vice magistrate Duan Guangzan submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office.
44
鎮南州土州判，居鎮南州城東北。 清順治十六年，土州判陳昌虞歸附，仍授世職。
The native Subprefectural Judge of Zhennan had his seat northeast of the prefectural city. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native judge Chen Changyu submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office.
45
阿雄關土巡檢，居鎮南州屬。 清順治十六年，土巡檢者光祖歸附，仍授世職。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Axiong Pass had his seat within Zhennan's jurisdiction. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector Zhe Guangzu submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office.
46
鎮南關土巡檢。 清順治十六年，土巡檢楊繼祖歸附，仍授舊職，傳至楊文輝，乾隆五十年，改為從九品土官，世襲。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Zhennan Pass. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector Yang Jizu submitted and was confirmed in his former office. The line passed to Yang Wenhui; in the fiftieth year of Qianlong (1785) the office was reclassified as a hereditary ninth-rank native post.
47
姚州土州同，居姚州西界彌興官莊。 清順治十六年，土州同高顯錫歸附，仍授舊職。 傳至高配忝，乾隆五十年，改為從六品土官，世襲。
The native Subprefectural Vice Magistrate of Yao had his seat at the Mixing official estate on the subprefecture's western border. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native vice magistrate Gao Xianxi submitted and was confirmed in his former office. The line passed to Gao Peitian; in the fiftieth year of Qianlong (1785) the office was reclassified as a hereditary sixth-rank native post.
48
回磴關土巡檢，居回磴關。 清順治十六年，土巡檢楊忠藎歸附，仍授舊職。 傳至楊怡，乾隆五十年，改為從九品土官，世襲。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Huideng Pass had his seat at Huideng Pass. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector Yang Zhongjin submitted and was confirmed in his former office. The line passed to Yang Yi; in the fiftieth year of Qianlong (1785) the office was reclassified as a hereditary ninth-rank native post.
49
沙矣舊土巡檢。 清順治十六年，土巡檢蘇鑒歸附，仍授舊職。 傳至蘇敬，乾隆五十年，改為從九品土官，世襲。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Old Shayi. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector Su Jian submitted and was confirmed in his former office. The line passed to Su Jing; in the fiftieth year of Qianlong (1785) the office was reclassified as a hereditary ninth-rank native post.
50
定遠縣土主簿，居本城。 清順治十六年，土主簿李世卿歸附，仍授舊職。 傳至李毓英，乾隆五十年，改為正九品土官，世襲。
The native Registrar of Dingyuan County had his seat in the county town. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native registrar Li Shiqing submitted and was confirmed in his former office. The line passed to Li Yuying; in the fiftieth year of Qianlong (1785) the office was reclassified as a hereditary ninth-rank native post.
51
姚安府土同知。 清順治十六年，土同知高奣映歸附，仍授世職。 傳至李厚德，雍正三年，以不法革職，安置江南。
The native Subprefectural Vice Magistrate of Yao'an Prefecture. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native vice magistrate Gao Angying submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office. The line passed to Li Houde; in the third year of Yongzheng (1725) he was dismissed for misconduct and resettled in Jiangnan.
52
新興州土州判，居州南研和邑。 清康熙十九年，復滇，土人王鳳授偽遊擊，迎至廣西路投誠； 隨征石門檻、馬別河、黃草壩皆有功，授土州判世職。
The native Subprefectural Judge of Xinxing had his seat at Yanhe, south of the subprefecture. In the nineteenth year of Kangxi (1680), when Yunnan was recovered, the native headman Wang Feng held a bogus mobile-corps commission and came out to the Guangxi road to submit. He distinguished himself in the campaigns at Shimenkan, the Mabie River, and Huangcaoba and received the hereditary native judgeship.
53
河陽縣安插土官。 清順治初，土官刀韜歸附，止給劄，仍准世襲。 沿至刀廷俊，裁革。
Resettled native officials of Heyang County. Early in the Shunzhi reign, the native official Dao Tao submitted. He received only a commission, but hereditary succession was still allowed. The line continued until Dao Tingjun, when the office was abolished.
54
鐵爐關土巡檢。 清順治十六年，土巡檢王先榮歸附，授世職。 康熙四年，同王耀祖叛，削除。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Tielu Pass. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector Wang Xianrong submitted and received the hereditary office. In the fourth year of Kangxi (1665) he joined Wang Yaozu's rebellion and the office was abolished.
55
廣南府土同知。 清順治十六年，儂鵬歸附，授同知世職。 傳至儂毓榮，乾隆三十一年，從征普洱、緬甸。 三十七年，頒給土同知關防。 子世昌，嘉慶二年從征貴州仲苗，加銜一等，賞戴花翎，世襲。
The native Vice-Prefect of Guangnan Prefecture. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), Nong Peng submitted and received the hereditary vice-prefectural office. The line passed to Nong Yurong, who in the thirty-first year of Qianlong (1766) took part in the Pu'er and Burma campaigns. In the thirty-seventh year (1772) the official seal of the native vice-prefect was issued. His son Shichang, in the second year of Jiaqing (1797), served in the campaign against the Zhong Miao of Guizhou, received a first-rank added title and the peacock feather, and inherited the office.
56
富州土知州，在府東二百六十五里。 清順治十六年，土知州沈昆巘歸附，仍授世職。 康熙九年，頒給州印。 後以罪黜，傳至沈肇乾。 雍正八年，肇乾復以罪黜。
The native Prefect of Fuzhou had his seat two hundred sixty-five li east of the prefecture. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native prefect Shen Kunyan submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office. In the ninth year of Kangxi (1670) the subprefectural seal was issued. A later holder was dismissed for misconduct; the line passed to Shen Zhaoqian. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), Zhaoqian was again dismissed for misconduct.
57
大猛麻土巡檢。 清順治十六年，土巡檢俸新命歸附，仍授世職。
The native Subprefectural Inspector of Damengma. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi (1659), the native inspector Feng Xinming submitted and was confirmed in his hereditary office.
58
猛猛土巡檢，明末奔竄，失其印信號紙，未能請襲。 傳子紫芝，清康熙五十四年歸附，貢象，仍授世職，頒給鈐記。 乾隆二十九年，改屬順寧府。
The Mengmeng native inspector fled in the chaos at the end of the Ming, lost his seal and credentials, and could not apply for succession. His son Zizhi submitted in the fifty-fourth year of Kangxi (1715), sent tribute elephants, was restored to the hereditary office, and received an official chop. In the twenty-ninth year of Qianlong (1764) it was placed under Shunning Prefecture.
59
孟連宣撫司，在順甯府邊外南境，舊隸於永昌府。 清康熙四十八年，刁派鼎貢象，歸附，授宣撫司世職。 派鼎死，子刁派春年幼，叔祖刁派烈撫孤。 有刁派猷謀殺派烈，奪印爭職，安插省城，另給宣撫司鈐記便委。 傳至刁派新，因地處極邊，界連外域，定為經制宣撫司，頒給印信號紙。 乾隆二十九年，改隸順寧府。
The Menglian Pacification Superintendency lay on the southern frontier beyond Shunning and had formerly been under Yongchang Prefecture. In the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (1709), Diao Paiding sent tribute elephants, submitted, and received the hereditary pacification superintendency. When Paiding died, his son Paichun was still a child, and his grand-uncle Pailie raised the orphan. Diao Paiyou plotted to murder Pailie and seize the seal to claim the office. He was resettled in the provincial capital and given a separate chop of the pacification superintendency for provisional appointment. The line passed to Paixin. Because the domain lay on the outer frontier and bordered foreign territory, it was established as a regular pacification superintendency and granted seal, credentials, and patent. In the twenty-ninth year of Qianlong (1764) it was placed under Shunning Prefecture.
60
猛緬長官司，清乾隆十一年，歸流，改其地為緬寧，設流官通判駐其地。
The Chief Official of Mengmian: in the eleventh year of Qianlong (1746) the post was abolished in favor of regular administration. The territory became Mianning, with a regular transit judge stationed on site.
61
平彝縣土縣丞，居平彝縣竹園村。 清順治初，土縣丞龍闊歸附，仍舊世襲。
The native Assistant Magistrate of Pingyi County had his seat at Zhuyuan Village. Early in the Shunzhi reign, the native assistant magistrate Long Kuo submitted and the hereditary line continued as before.