1
貴州，古羅施鬼國，漢夜郎國，並牂牁、武陵郡地。 唐亦置播州、思州。 元置八番、順元諸軍民宣慰使司以羈縻之。 明靄翠、奢香最為效忠。 後則播州之楊、永寧之奢、水西之安，為西南钜患，楊氏滅，為遵義、平越二府； 奢氏滅，為永寧縣。 清初，黔省安氏猶強。 經孫可望之亂，未頒正朔，苗蠻蠢動，諸擅兵相攻者，蹂躪地方，無有寧日。
Guizhou was anciently the realm of Luoshi Gui and, in Han times, the kingdom of Yelang, covering the lands of the Zangge and Wuling commanderies. Under the Tang, Bozhou and Sizhou were also established. The Yuan set up the Eight Fans and Shunyuan pacification commissions to hold the region under loose imperial sway. In the Ming, Aicui and Shexiang proved the most steadfast in their loyalty to the throne. Later the Yang of Bozhou, the She of Yongning, and the An of Shuixi grew into the gravest menace in the southwest; when the Yang were overthrown, their lands became the prefectures of Zunyi and Pingyue; when the She were destroyed, their domain became Yongning county. Early in the Qing, the An of Guizhou still held formidable power. After Sun Kewang's rebellion the new dynasty's calendar had not yet been imposed; Miao and tribal peoples stirred, and warlords who took up arms against one another ravaged the countryside until no day passed in peace.
2
順治十五年，經略洪承疇定貴州。 十七年四月，馬乃營土目龍吉兆等反。 雲、貴既平，各土司俱奉貢賦，遵約束。 龍吉兆收養亡命，私造軍器，奸民文元、胡世昌、況榮還等俱黨附之，遙結李定國為聲援，糾合鼠場營龍吉佐、樓下營龍吉祥歃血盟，掠廣西泗城州之土寨，安南衛之阿計、屯水橋、麻衣沖、下三阿、白屯等處，所過劫戮。 總督趙廷臣、巡撫卞三元招諭不服，乃合疏請討。 十一月十九日，廷臣破果母寨，殺賊數千，擒吉兆子、吉佐妻，殲逆党文元、胡世昌於陣，遂乘勝破呷寨。 吉兆閉寨拒守，官兵圍之。 十八年二月，廷臣令官兵人持一炬，縱火焚其寨，破之。 吉兆及逆党況榮還等皆伏誅，馬乃平。
In Shunzhi 15 (1658), Grand Secretary Hong Chengchou brought Guizhou under control. In the fourth month of Shunzhi 17 (1660), Long Jizhao, a tribal headman of Manai camp, and others rose in revolt. After Yunnan and Guizhou were pacified, every native chieftain paid tribute and obeyed imperial orders. Long Jizhao sheltered outlaws and forged arms in secret; ruffians such as Wen Yuan, Hu Shichang, and Kuang Ronghuan flocked to him. He sought distant support from Li Dingguo, and with Long Jizuo of Shuchang camp and Long Jixiang of Louxia camp he bound himself by blood oath, raiding native stockades in Guangxi's Sicheng and sites around Annan guard—including Aji, Tunshuiqiao, Mayichong, Xiasan'a, and Baitun—pillaging wherever they marched. Governor-General Zhao Tingchen and Provincial Governor Bian Sanyuan offered terms of surrender, but the rebels refused; the two officials then jointly memorialized the throne for permission to attack. On the nineteenth of the eleventh month Tingchen stormed Guomu stockade, killing thousands of rebels and capturing Jizhao's son and Jizuo's wife; Wen Yuan and Hu Shichang fell in the fighting, and he pressed on to seize the Geba stockade. Jizhao barricaded himself in his stockade; imperial troops laid siege. In the second month of Shunzhi 18 (1661), Tingchen had every soldier carry a torch; they burned the stockade and took it by storm. Jizhao and his accomplices, including Kuang Ronghuan, were put to death, and Manai was pacified.
3
九月，劉鼎叛。 康熙二年正月，丹平土官莫之廉以隱匿劉鼎伏誅。 金築土官王應兆與鼎通，總督楊茂勳討平之，鼎敗逃水西。 七月，被獲伏誅。
In the ninth month Liu Ding rose in rebellion. In the first month of Kangxi 2 (1663), Mo Zhilian, native magistrate of Danping, was executed for harboring Liu Ding. Wang Yingzhao, native magistrate of Jinzhu, had colluded with Ding; Governor-General Yang Maoxun crushed the revolt, and Ding fled in defeat to Shuixi. In the seventh month he was captured and put to death.
4
三年正月，逆賊常金印等謀反，伏誅。 金印，上元人，自稱常遇春之後，從粵走黔，與水西安坤、皮熊等同謀反。 金印稱「蕩虜大將軍湘平伯」，偽造印敕旗纛，聚党陳鳳麟、高岑、起士英、米應貴等，煽誘諸土司為亂，為同黨陳大出首，俱就擒。
In the first month of Kangxi 3 (1664), the rebel Chang Jinyin and his confederates were executed for plotting revolt. Jinyin, a man from Shangyuan, claimed descent from the Ming general Chang Yuchun; fleeing from Guangdong into Guizhou, he joined An Kun of Shuixi, Pi Xiong, and others in a conspiracy to rebel. Jinyin took the title "Grand General Who Sweeps Away the Barbarians, Earl Who Pacifies Xiang," forged imperial seals, edicts, and battle standards, and rallied followers including Chen Fenglin, Gao Cen, Qi Shiying, and Mi Yinggui to stir the native chieftains into revolt; his associate Chen Da turned informer, and the whole band was seized.
5
二月，水西宣慰司安坤叛。 初，經略洪承疇至沅，師不能進，承疇招安坤，許以如元阿盡、明靄翠故事，坤大喜，繳印歸誠，引大兵由小路進入貴陽。 滇、黔底定，敘坤功，許世襲，兼賜袍帽靴服采幣。 朋總兵皮熊合謀，蠢蠢思動，蹤跡頗露。 總督楊葆勳曰：「水西地方沃野千里，地廣兵強，在滇為咽喉，在蜀為門戶，若於黔則腹心之蠱毒也。 失今不討，養癰必大。」 乃請剿。 命總管吳三桂督雲、貴各鎮兵分東西兩路討之。 三月，三桂統十鎮兵由畢節七星關入，令總兵劉之復駐兵大方，遏其沖逸，分提督李本深統貴州四鎮兵由大方之六歸河會剿，屯糧於三岔河。 而檄黔省兵書誤書「六歸」為「陸廣」，於是本深兵及黔、蜀二省所運之糧盡屯陸廣，三路氣息隔絕不相通。 三桂受困兩月，食將絕，外援不至。 永順總兵劉安邦戰死，受圍益迫。 適水西土目安如鼎遣人偵黔營虛實，為本深所獲，始知三桂被圍已久，乃使為引導，整兵入援。 副將白世彥手斬驍賊以徇於陣，賊遂敗走。 總兵李如碧亦率精兵入重圍，運糧接濟，兵合為一，敗賊阿作峒，復敗之得初峒，九月又敗之紅崖峒。 坤率其妻祿氏逃於木弄箐，復逃至烏蒙，烏蒙不納。 坤遣漢把曾經賚印投降，不許，生擒坤於大方之杓箐，並擒皮熊、安重聖等。 皮熊不食十五日而死，坤與重聖俱伏誅。
In the second month An Kun, pacification commissioner of Shuixi, rebelled. Earlier, when Grand Secretary Hong Chengchou reached Yuan, his army had been unable to advance; Chengchou won over An Kun with promises modeled on how the Yuan had treated Ajin and the Ming had treated Aicui. Kun gladly surrendered his seal and led the main force along a hidden path into Guiyang. After Yunnan and Guizhou were pacified, Kun was rewarded with a hereditary commission and gifts of robes, hats, boots, silks, and ceremonial goods. He then conspired with Regional Commander Pi Xiong; their restless scheming soon left clear traces. Governor-General Yang Baoxun said: "Shuixi commands a thousand li of rich land and fields vast armies; it is the throat of Yunnan and the gateway of Sichuan, but for Guizhou it is poison lodged in the vitals. If we fail to strike now, the ulcer we allow to fester will only grow worse." He then memorialized for a punitive expedition. Wu Sangui was ordered to command the Yunnan and Guizhou garrisons and advance against the rebels in two columns, east and west. In the third month Sangui led ten garrisons through Qixing Pass at Bijie, posted Regional Commander Liu Zhifu at Dafang to block any breakout, and sent Provincial Commander Li Benshen with the four Guizhou garrisons to join the assault from Liugui River near Dafang, stockpiling grain at Sanhe River. A clerical error in the Guizhou dispatch turned "Liugui" into "Luguang," so Benshen's troops and all grain shipped from Guizhou and Sichuan piled up at Luguang instead; the three columns lost contact with one another entirely. Sangui was trapped for two months; his food ran low and no relief came. Regional Commander Liu Anbang of Yongshun fell in battle, and the ring of siege drew tighter still. At that moment An Ruding, a Shuixi headman, sent scouts to probe the Guizhou camp; Benshen captured them, learned how long Sangui had been surrounded, used them as guides, and marched in relief. Vice Commander Bai Shiyan personally slew a fierce rebel and displayed the head before the army; the enemy broke and fled. Regional Commander Li Rubi drove elite troops through the siege line with supplies; the forces united, routed the rebels at Azuo gorge and again at Dechu gorge, and in the ninth month defeated them once more at Hongya gorge. Kun fled with his wife of the Lu clan to Mulong ravine, then on to Wumeng, which refused him shelter. Kun sent his Han lieutenant Zeng Jing with the official seal to offer surrender, but the offer was refused; Kun was taken alive at Shaojing in Dafang, along with Pi Xiong, An Zhongsheng, and others. Pi Xiong starved himself to death after fifteen days without food; Kun and Zhongsheng were executed.
6
四年十二月，郎岱土司隴安籓反，命吳三桂發兵討之。 籓乃安坤親黨。 坤滅後，招納坤餘孽隴勝等，及安重聖妻隴氏，殺安順府經歷袁績，攻破關嶺，直犯永寧。 隴勝等亦攻犯大定、威寧，殺畢節經歷秦文。 五年六月，隴安籓伏誅，郎岱平。
In the twelfth month of Kangxi 4 (1665), Long Anfan, native chieftain of Langdai, rebelled; Wu Sangui was ordered to march against him. Anfan had been a close ally of An Kun. After Kun's fall he rallied Kun's surviving followers, including Long Sheng, and An Zhongsheng's widow of the Long clan; he killed Yuan Ji, registrar of Anshun, stormed Guanling, and drove straight toward Yongning. Long Sheng and his band also raided Dading and Weining, killing Qin Wen, registrar of Bijie. In the sixth month of Kangxi 5 (1666) Long Anfan was executed and Langdai was pacified.
7
二十四年七月，黎平賊何新瑞反。 新瑞本李姓，初在靖州為僧，後至平茶所犯罪，逃至新化，乃冒姓何，稱故明總督何騰蛟子，煽惑苗民作亂，黎平官兵擊敗之。 二十五年二月，新瑞伏誅，徙土司韋有能等，以其地入永從縣。
In the seventh month of Kangxi 24 (1685) the Liping rebel He Xinrui rose in revolt. Xinrui was born a Li; he had first taken vows as a monk in Jingzhou, then committed a crime at Pingcha station and fled to Xinhua, where he took the surname He and claimed to be the son of the Ming loyalist He Tengjiao, stirring the Miao to revolt until Liping troops routed him. In the second month of Kangxi 25 (1686) Xinrui was executed; native chieftains including Wei Youneng were resettled, and their territory annexed to Yongcong county.
8
廣順州之長寨，寨據各苗之腹。 前總督高其倬誘擒阿近，議設營汛，以控前後左右各寨。 雍正四年夏，官兵焚其七寨，未獲首逆，副將劉業浚即退營宗角，且言三不可剿。 鄂爾泰駁以三不可不剿； 令總兵石禮哈搜討，盡殲首從，勒繳軍器，建參將營，分扼險要，易服薙發，立保甲，稽田戶。 於是乘威招服黔邊東西南三面廣順、定番、鎮甯生苗六百八十寨，鎮寧、永寧、永豐、安順生苗千三百九十八寨，地方千餘里，直抵粵界。
Changzhai in Guangshun prefecture sat in the very heart of the Miao country. Former Governor-General Gao Qizhuo had lured and captured Ajin and proposed garrison posts to control the surrounding stockades on every side. In the summer of Yongzheng 4 (1726) government troops burned seven stockades but failed to seize the ringleader; Vice Commander Liu Yeji withdrew to Zongjiao and argued that suppression was impossible for three reasons. Ortai countered with three reasons why they had no choice but to suppress them; He ordered Regional Commander Shi Liha to hunt them down, wipe out leaders and followers alike, confiscate weapons, build a vice-commander's garrison at key passes, impose Han dress and shaved heads, institute the baojia system, and register farming households. Riding this victory, they brought over six hundred and eighty raw-Miao stockades on Qian's eastern, southern, and western marches in Guangshun, Dingfan, and Zhenning, and another 1,398 stockades in Zhenning, Yongning, Yongfeng, and Anshun—more than a thousand li of country reaching the Guangdong border.
9
鎮遠清水江者，沅水上游也，下通湖廣，上達黔、粵，而生苗據其上游，曰九股河，曰大小丹江，沿岸數百里，皆其巢窟。 古州者，有裡有外。 裡古州距黎平府百八十里，即元置古州八萬洞軍民長官司所也。 地周八十餘里，戶四五千，口二萬餘。 都江、溶江界其左右，合為古州江。 由此東西南北各二三百里為外古州，約周千二三百里，戶數千，口十餘萬，可敵兩三州縣。 環黔、粵萬山間，而諸葛營踞其中，倚山面川，尤據形勢。 張廣泗守黎平，輕騎深入周勘，倡議置鎮諸葛營，扼吭控制，而其外戶為都勻、八寨，內戶為丹江、清江。 乃于六年夏，先創八寨以通運道，分兵進攻大小丹江，出奇設伏，盡焚負固之雞講五寨。 苗赴軍乞降，飲血刻木，埋石為誓。 九年，乘勝沿九股河下抵清水江。 時九股苗為漢奸曾文登所煽，言改流升科，額將歲倍，且江深崖險，兵不能入。 及官軍至，以農忙佯乞撫，廣泗亦佯許之，而潛舟宵濟，扼其援竄。 蘇大有、張禹謨突搗其巢，又敗其夜劫營之賊，填壕拔橛，冒險深入，苗四山號泣，縛曾文登以獻。 於是清水江、丹江皆奏設重營，以控江路，令兵役雇苗船百餘，赴湖南市鹽布糧貨，往返不絕，民、夷大忭，估客雲集。
The Qingshui River at Zhenyuan is the upper Yuan: downstream it opens on Huguang, upstream on Guizhou and Guangdong, while raw Miao held its headwaters—the Jiugu River and the Greater and Lesser Dan—for hundreds of li along both banks, their strongholds throughout. Guzhou was divided into inner and outer districts. Inner Guzhou lay 180 li from Liping prefecture, on the site of the Yuan's Guzhou Ba Wan Dong chief's office. It covered more than eighty li square, with four or five thousand households and over twenty thousand people. The Dujiang and Rongjiang flanked it on either side and merged into the Guzhou River. Two or three hundred li in every direction beyond lay outer Guzhou, roughly 1,200–1,300 li around, with thousands of households and more than 100,000 people—comparable to two or three full prefectures. Amid the mountains between Guizhou and Guangdong, Zhuge camp sat at the center, backed by hills and facing the rivers—a position of exceptional strategic strength. Zhang Guangsi, defending Liping, reconnoitered deep country by light cavalry and proposed a garrison at Zhuge camp to hold the region by the throat; Duyun and Bazhai were its outer gates, Danjiang and Qingjiang its inner gates. In the summer of Yongzheng 6 (1728) they first secured Bazhai to open the supply route, then divided forces against the Greater and Lesser Dan Rivers, using ambushes to burn all five stubborn Jijiang stockades. The Miao came to the army to surrender, drinking blood, carving wooden tokens, and burying stones to seal their oath. In Yongzheng 9 (1731), riding their momentum, they pushed down the Jiugu River to the Qingshui. The Jiugu Miao had been stirred up by the Han collaborator Zeng Wendeng, who warned that direct rule would double their land tax every year and boasted that deep rivers and sheer cliffs would keep troops out. When government troops arrived, the Miao feigned a plea for peace, citing the busy farming season; Guangsi pretended to accept while secretly ferrying boats across by night to cut off their escape and reinforcements. Su Dayou and Zhang Yumo stormed their stronghold, repulsed a night attack on the camp, filled ditches and tore up palisades, and pressed deep into dangerous country; Miao on every side wailed, and they bound Zeng Wendeng and brought him in. Heavy garrisons were then established on the Qingshui and Dan to control the river trade; troops hired more than a hundred Miao boats to carry salt, cloth, and grain to and from Hunan until traffic never ceased; Han and tribes alike rejoiced, and merchants flocked in.
10
古州自昔奧樸，自清初吳三桂偽將馬寶兵由楚竄滇，取道古州，諸苗遮獲其大砲重甲火藥，由是日強，而上下江尤甚。 上江為來牛、定旦，下江為溶峒。 當廣泗初至，苗皆謂官兵不能久，依違從撫，及聞諸葛營建城堡，遂群起拒命。 八年秋，廣泗督官兵夜半集苗船為浮橋，攻其不備，進攻上江之來牛、定旦，擒斬四千，獲砲械無算。 其下江溶峒之深遠大箐，危峰障日，皆伐山通道，窮搜窟宅。 乃遍勘上下江，濬灘險，置斥堠，通餉運。 其都江、清水江之間，有丹江橫貫，惟隔陸路五十餘里，為之開通，於是楚、粵商艘直抵鎮城外，古州大定。
Guzhou had long been remote and untouched; early in the Qing, when Ma Bao, a general of Wu Sangui's rebel regime, marched from Huguang into Yunnan through Guzhou, local Miao ambushed his column and seized heavy cannon, armor, and gunpowder—after which they grew steadily stronger, especially along the upper and lower rivers. The upper river country was Lainiu and Dingdan; the lower was Rongdong. When Guangsi first arrived, the Miao assumed government troops would not stay long and vacillated toward peace; when word spread that a fortress was rising at Zhuge camp, they rose in arms across the region. In the autumn of Yongzheng 8 (1730) Guangsi had troops assemble Miao boats into a pontoon bridge at midnight, struck unprepared enemies, and advanced on Lainiu and Dingdan on the upper river, killing or capturing four thousand and seizing countless guns and arms. In the deep ravines of Rongdong on the lower river, where sheer peaks blocked the sun, they cut roads through the hills and hunted down every hideout. They then surveyed both rivers end to end, cleared dangerous shoals, posted watch stations, and opened supply lines. Between the Dujiang and Qingshui the Dan River ran crosswise, separated by only fifty-odd li of land; once that gap was bridged, merchant vessels from Huguang and Guangdong sailed straight to Zhenyuan, and Guzhou was firmly pacified.
11
初，世宗以廣泗招撫古州，不煩兵力，由知府逾年擢至巡撫，遣侍讀春山、牧可登至軍察之，並頒犒師銀十萬兩。 鄂爾泰約廣西巡撫金鉷赴貴陽會籌邊事，乃議黎平府設古州鎮，而都勻府之八寨、丹江，鎮遠府之清水江，設協營，增兵數千，為古州外衛； 後復改清江協為鎮，與古州分轄。 世宗嘉鄂爾泰之勞，錫封襄勤伯，世襲罔替。 九年冬，入為武英殿大學士，以高其倬代之，以元展成巡撫貴州。
Earlier the Yongzheng Emperor, impressed that Guangsi had pacified Guzhou by persuasion without major fighting, promoted him from prefect to provincial governor within a year, sent Academician Reader Chunshan and Mu Kedeng to inspect the army, and granted 100,000 taels to reward the troops. Ortai summoned Guangxi Governor Jin Hong to Guiyang to plan border defense; they proposed a Guzhou garrison at Liping, coordinated camps at Bazhai and Danjiang in Duyun and on the Qingshui in Zhenyuan, and several thousand additional troops as Guzhou's outer defenses; Later the Qingjiang coordinated camp was upgraded to a full garrison, sharing jurisdiction with Guzhou. The Yongzheng Emperor rewarded Ortai's service by ennobling him as Baron Xiangqin with perpetual hereditary rank. In the winter of Yongzheng 9 Ortai was recalled to the capital as Grand Secretary of the Hall of Military Glory; Gao Qizhuo replaced him in the field, and Yuan Zhancheng became governor of Guizhou.
12
十二年，哈元生進新辟苗疆圖志，以尹繼善督雲、貴，而復有黔苗之變。 初，苗疆辟地二三千里，幾當貴州全省之半，增營設汛，凡腹內郡縣防兵大半移戍新疆。 又鄂爾泰用兵招撫，止及古州、清江，未及台拱之九股苗。 有司輒稱台拱原內屬，巡撫元展成易視苗疆，遽於十年設營駐兵。 時秋稼未穫，苗佯聽版築，而刈穫甫畢，即傳集上下九股數百寨，叛圍大營，並扼排略大關之險，以阻餉道。 營中樵汲皆斷，死守彌月，援至始解。 提督哈元生入覲回黔，十一年春，進軍台拱，攻賊於番招之蓮花，破之，設戍其上。
In Yongzheng 12 (1734) Ha Yuansheng submitted a gazetteer of the newly opened Miao frontier; Yin Jishan took charge of Yunnan and Guizhou, and unrest among the Guizhou Miao broke out again. The newly opened Miao frontier covered two or three thousand li—nearly half of Guizhou—and as garrisons multiplied, most defensive troops from the interior prefectures were redeployed to the new borderlands. Moreover, Ortai's campaigns of force and persuasion had reached only Guzhou and the Qingshui, not the Jiugu Miao of Taigong. Local officials insisted Taigong had always been under imperial control; Governor Yuan Zhancheng underestimated the frontier and hastily posted a garrison there in Yongzheng 10 (1732). While the autumn grain was still in the fields, the Miao pretended to accept the building works; the moment harvest ended they rallied hundreds of stockades of the upper and lower Jiugu, rebelled, besieged the main camp, and seized the Pailue Daguan pass to cut the supply road. Wood and water for the camp ran out; the garrison held out for a full month until relief arrived and broke the siege. After an audience in the capital, Provincial Commander Ha Yuansheng returned to Guizhou; in the spring of Yongzheng 11 (1733) he marched on Taigong, routed the rebels at the Lotus Pond of Fanzhao, and posted a garrison there.
13
十三年春，苗疆吏以徵糧不善，遠近各寨蜂起，遍傳大刻。 總兵韓勳破賊古州之王家嶺，賊復聚集清江、台拱間，番招屯復圍於賊。 巡撫元展成與哈元生不合，倉卒調兵五千，盡付副將宋朝相領之赴援，半途亦困於賊。 賊探知內地防兵半戍苗疆，各城守備空虛，於是乘間大入，陷凱里，陷重安江驛，陷黃平州，陷岩門司，陷清平縣、餘慶縣，焚掠及鎮遠、思州。 而鎮遠府治無城。 人心恟懼，台拱、清江各營汛亦多為賊誘陷。 逆氛四起，省城戒嚴。 四月，哈元生乃以親兵三百自出督師，扼清平之楊老驛。 六月，詔發滇、蜀、楚、粵六省兵會剿，特授哈元生揚威將軍，湖廣提督董芳副之。 七月，又命刑部尚書張照為撫定苗疆大臣，副都御史德希壽副之。 時尹繼善已遣雲南兵二千星夜赴援，湖、粵兵亦繼至。 生苗見各路援兵漸集，各擄掠回巢，棄城弗守。 元生進軍凱里，檄各鎮克復諸城，又合攻重安江賊，以開滇師之路。 生苗既回巢穴，則糾眾攻圍新疆各營汛，於是台拱、清江、丹江、八寨諸營復同時告急。 時廣西兵八千已至古州，廣東兵餉亦晝夜溯流而上，湖廣兵先後集鎮遠界。 元生遣古州鎮韓勳攻毀首逆各巢，又分兵三路：一由槁貢以通台拱，一由八弓援柳羅以通清江，一走都勻援八寨； 而八寨協副將馮茂復誘殺降苗六百餘及頭目三十餘冒功，於是苗逃歸者，播告徒黨，詛盟益堅，多手刃妻女而後出抗官兵。 陷青溪縣城，而清江之柳羅、都勻之丹江，自春夏被圍半載，糧盡援絕，九閱月圍始解。
In the spring of Yongzheng 13 (1735) corrupt grain levies by frontier officials set stockades rising far and near, and rebel proclamations spread everywhere. Regional Commander Han Xun defeated rebels at Wangjialing in Guzhou, but they regrouped between the Qingshui and Taigong, and Fanzhao camp was besieged again. Governor Yuan Zhancheng, at odds with Ha Yuansheng, hastily dispatched five thousand men under Vice Commander Song Chaoxiang to relieve the camp, but halfway they too were trapped by rebels. Learning that half the interior garrisons had been moved to the Miao frontier and that the cities were poorly defended, the rebels poured in, seizing Kaili, Chong'an River post, Huangping, Yanmen, Qingping, and Yuqing, and raiding as far as Zhenyuan and Sizhou. The seat of Zhenyuan prefecture had no walled city. Panic spread; many garrisons at Taigong and on the Qingshui were lured or overrun by the rebels. Rebellion flared on every side, and the provincial capital went on alert. In the fourth month Ha Yuansheng marched out in person with three hundred of his own troops and seized Yanglao post in Qingping. In the sixth month an edict mobilized troops from Yunnan, Sichuan, Huguang, and Guangdong for a joint campaign; Ha Yuansheng was named General Who Displays Might, with Huguang Commander Dong Fang as his deputy. In the seventh month Minister of Justice Zhang Zhao was appointed Grand Minister for Pacifying the Miao Frontier, with Vice Censor-in-Chief De Xishou as his deputy. By then Yin Jishan had already sent two thousand Yunnan troops marching day and night to relieve the siege, and Hunan and Guangdong forces were arriving in turn. Seeing relief columns converging from every direction, the raw Miao plundered what they could and withdrew to their strongholds, abandoning the towns they had taken. Ha Yuansheng marched on Kaili, called on the garrison commanders to retake the lost towns, and combined forces to attack the rebels at Chong'an River and clear the route for Yunnan troops. After retreating to their lairs, the raw Miao rallied to besiege Qing garrisons across the new frontier, and Taigong, Qingjiang, Danjiang, and Bazhai all sent urgent calls for help at once. Eight thousand Guangxi soldiers had reached Guzhou; Guangdong supply convoys were moving upriver day and night; and Huguang forces were assembling in turn on the Zhenyuan frontier. Ha Yuansheng sent Han Xun of the Guzhou garrison to storm the rebel chiefs' strongholds and split his forces three ways: one column through Gaogong to reach Taigong, one through Bagong to relieve Liuluo and open the route to Qingjiang, and one through Duyun to support Bazhai; Assistant Brigade Commander Feng Mao at Bazhai then treacherously slaughtered more than six hundred Miao who had surrendered and over thirty of their chiefs to claim false merit. Fugitives who made it back spread word among their comrades, the blood-oath hardened, and many killed their own wives and daughters before going out to fight the government troops. They took Qingxi county town. Liuluo on the Qingshui and Danjiang in Duyun had been under siege since spring—half a year with food gone and no relief—before the encirclement was broken after nine months.
14
張照奉命赴苗疆，且令察其利害。 照至沅州、鎮遠，則密奏改流非策，致書諸將，首倡棄地之議，且袒董芳，專主招撫，與哈元生齟齬。 楚、粵官兵皆隸芳麾下。 旋議分地分兵，施秉以上用滇、黔兵，隸元生； 施秉以下用楚、粵兵，隸董芳。 於是已進之兵，紛紜改調互換，而哈元生、董芳遂欲將村寨道路盡畫上下界，文移辨論，致大兵雲集數月，曠久無功，賊乘間復出焚掠，清平、黃平、施秉間紛紛告警。 當是時，中外畏事者，爭咎前此苗疆之不當辟，目前苗疆之不可守，全局幾大變。
Zhang Zhao was dispatched to the Miao frontier with orders to assess the situation on the ground. On reaching Yuanzhou and Zhenyuan, Zhang Zhao secretly memorialized that pushing ahead with direct administration was a mistake, wrote to the field commanders urging withdrawal from contested territory, openly favored Dong Fang, and pressed exclusively for pacification—putting him at odds with Ha Yuansheng. Hunan and Guangdong troops all fell under Dong Fang's command. They soon agreed to partition both territory and forces: north of Shibing would be handled by Yunnan and Guizhou troops under Ha Yuansheng; south of Shibing by Hunan and Guangdong troops under Dong Fang. Troops already in the field were shuffled and reassigned; Ha Yuansheng and Dong Fang began drawing boundary lines through villages and roads and arguing over jurisdiction by dispatch. Great armies sat idle for months with nothing to show for it; rebels slipped out again to burn and loot, and alarms sounded repeatedly across Qingping, Huangping, and Shibing. At court and in the provinces alike, those who feared the cost of war began insisting the frontier should never have been opened and could no longer be held—the whole campaign teetered on the brink of reversal.
15
八月，召張照、德希壽還。 十月，授張廣泗七省經略，哈元生以下鹹受節制。 旋逮張照、董芳、哈元生及元展成治罪。 廣泗奏言：「張照等所以無功者，由分戰兵守兵為二，而合生苗、熟苗為一也。 兵本少而復分之使單，賊本眾而復驅之使合。 且各路首逆，自古州敗退，咸聚於上下九股、清江、丹江、高坡諸處，皆以一大寨領數十百寨，雄長號召，聲勢犄角，我兵攻一方，則各方援應，彼眾我寡，故賊日張，兵日挫。 為今日計，若不直搗巢穴，殲渠魁，潰心腹，斷不能渙其黨羽，惟有暫撫熟苗，責令繳凶獻械，以分生苗之勢。 而大兵三路同搗生苗逆巢，使彼此不能相救，則我力專而彼力分，以整擊散，一舉可滅，而後再懲從逆各熟苗，以期一勞永逸。」 廣泗乃調全黔兵集鎮遠，以通雲、貴往來大路。 以精兵四千餘攻上九股，四千餘攻下九股，而自統五千餘攻清江下流各寨，是冬，刻期並舉。
In the eighth month Zhang Zhao and De Xishou were recalled to the capital. In the tenth month Zhang Guangsi was made commissioner-in-chief over seven provinces; Ha Yuansheng and the other commanders were all placed under his authority. Zhang Zhao, Dong Fang, Ha Yuansheng, and Yuan Zhancheng were soon arrested and brought to trial. Zhang Guangsi memorialized: "Zhang Zhao and the others failed because they divided combat troops from garrison troops while treating raw and pacified Miao as a single enemy. Our forces were already too few, yet they were divided further; the rebels were already numerous, yet they were allowed to rally together. After their defeat at Guzhou the rebel chiefs regrouped at Upper and Lower Jiugu, along the Qingshui and Danjiang, and at Gaopo, each great stockade commanding dozens or hundreds of lesser ones. They supported one another in a pincer. Whenever we struck one sector, the others came to its aid. They outnumbered us, so the rebels grew bolder while our armies kept losing ground. The only way forward is to strike the heart of the rebellion—destroy the ringleaders and shatter their inner circle—or we will never break their following. For now we should pacify the acculturated Miao, require them to surrender fugitives and weapons, and thus split the raw Miao's strength. Then send the main force in three columns against the raw Miao strongholds so they cannot aid one another—our strength concentrated, theirs divided. Strike the scattered enemy with disciplined troops and we can wipe them out in one campaign; only then punish the acculturated Miao who joined the revolt, and secure a lasting peace." With that plan in hand Zhang Guangsi mustered all Guizhou troops at Zhenyuan to secure the main route between Yunnan and Guizhou. He sent over four thousand seasoned troops against Upper Jiugu and as many against Lower Jiugu, while personally leading more than five thousand against stockades downstream on the Qingshui. That winter all three columns struck on a fixed schedule.
16
乾隆元年春，復增兵分八路排剿抗拒逆寨，遺孽盡竄牛皮大箐。 箐圜苗巢之中，盤亙數百里，北丹江，南古州，西都勻、八寨，東清江、台拱，危岩切雲，老樾蔽天，霧雨冥冥，蛇虺所國，雖近地苗蠻，亦無能悉其幽邃，故首逆諸苗咸藪伏其中，恃官兵所萬不能至，俟軍退復圖出沒。 廣泗檄諸軍分扼箐口以坐困之，又旁布奇兵箐外以截逋逸，如阹獸網魚，重重合圍，以漸進偪。 自四月至五月，將士犯瘴癘，冒榛莽，靡奧不搜，靡險不剔，並許其黨自相斬捕除罪。 由是憝魁罔漏，俘馘萬計，其饑餓顛隕死崖谷間者，不可計數。 六年，復乘兵威搜剿附逆熟苗，分首惡、次惡、脅從三等，涉秋徂暑，先後埽蕩，共毀除千有二百二十四寨，赦免三百八十有八寨，陣斬萬有七千六百有奇，俘二萬五千有奇，獲銃砲四萬六千五百有奇，刀矛弓弩標甲十有四萬八千有奇。 宥其半俘，收其叛產，設九衛，屯田養兵戍之。 詔盡豁新疆錢糧，永不徵收，以杜官胥之擾。 其苗訟仍從苗俗處分，不拘律例。 以廣泗總督貴州兼管巡撫事，世襲輕車都尉。 自是南夷遂不反。
In the spring of Qianlong 1 (1736) he reinforced the army and sent eight columns to sweep rebel stockades one by one; the survivors all fled into the Niupi Great Gorge. The gorge lay deep in Miao territory, winding for hundreds of li—bounded by the Danjiang on the north, Guzhou on the south, Duyun and Bazhai on the west, and the Qingshui and Taigong on the east. Cliffs rose to the clouds, ancient forest blocked out the sky, and mist and rain hung constant; serpents thrived there. Even local Miao knew only part of its hidden reaches. The rebel chiefs hid inside, counting on the army's inability to penetrate, and waited to raid again once the troops withdrew. Zhang Guangsi ordered the armies to block every gorge mouth and starve the rebels out, while posting ambush forces outside to cut off escape—as if penning beasts or netting fish—in tightening rings that closed in step by step. From the fourth to the fifth month soldiers endured malaria and pushed through thicket and scrub, searching every hollow and clearing every cliff. They even allowed rebels to kill or capture one another in exchange for pardon. Not one hardened chief escaped; prisoners and severed heads numbered in the tens of thousands, and countless more starved or fell to their deaths in the ravines. Over the next six years he used the army's momentum to mop up acculturated Miao who had joined the revolt, sorting them into chief culprits, lesser offenders, and the coerced. Campaign followed campaign through seasons hot and cold until 1,224 stockades were destroyed, 388 pardoned, more than 17,600 rebels killed in battle, more than 25,000 taken prisoner, and more than 46,500 firearms and cannon captured along with over 148,000 blades, bows, crossbows, banners, and suits of armor. Half the prisoners were released; rebel lands were confiscated; nine military colonies were established and settled with garrison troops to hold the region. An edict exempted the new frontier from grain levies forever, to keep corrupt officials from preying on the people. Miao legal disputes were still settled by Miao custom, not Qing statute. Zhang Guangsi was made governor of Guizhou with the powers of provincial governor and granted the hereditary rank of Commandant of Light Chariots. From then on the peoples of the south did not rise again.
17
五年夏，湖南靖州、武岡瑤，城步橫嶺苗，與廣西瑤同叛。 總督班第使鎮筸總兵劉策名以兵五千進剿，以五千應援，詔廣泗復以欽差大臣節制軍務。 先後斬馘五千餘，俘五千餘，於十二月班師。
In the summer of the fifth year the Yao of Jingzhou and Wugang in Hunan and the Hengling Miao of Chengbu rose together with Guangxi's Yao. Governor-General Bandi sent Zhen'gan Commander Liu Ceming with five thousand men to suppress the revolt and five thousand as reserves; Zhang Guangsi was again appointed Imperial Commissioner to direct the campaign. More than five thousand were killed and another five thousand captured before the army withdrew in the twelfth month.
18
鄂爾泰卒於乾隆十年，以開闢西南夷功，配享太廟。
Ortai died in Qianlong 10 (1745); for his role in opening the southwest he was granted posthumous worship in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
19
後乾隆六十年，松桃苗變； 及咸豐二年，教匪變，煽及苗疆，同治十二年方定。 然非土司肇事，故不錄。
Later, in Qianlong 60 (1795), the Songtao Miao rose in revolt; in Xianfeng 2 (1852) sectarian rebels stirred trouble that spread into the Miao country, which was not pacified until Tongzhi 12 (1873). Those outbreaks were not led by native chieftains, so they are not recorded here.
20
中曹長官司，在府南十五里。 明洪武三年，以謝石寶為長官司。 傳至謝正倫，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Zhongcao chief's office lay fifteen li south of the prefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 3 (1370), Xie Shibao was appointed chief of the office. The line descended to Xie Zhenglun, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
21
副司，劉氏，清雍正七年，於土權疊害案內改流官。
The deputy office, held by the Liu clan, was converted to direct administration in Yongzheng 7 (1729) during the investigation into Tu Quandie's murder.
22
養龍長官司，在府北二百二十里。 明洪武五年，以蔡普為長官司。 傳至蔡瑛，清康熙八年，歸附，准世襲。
The Yanglong chief's office lay two hundred and twenty li north of the prefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 5 (1372), Cai Pu was appointed chief of the office. The line descended to Cai Ying, who submitted in Qing Kangxi 8 (1669) and was granted hereditary office.
23
白納長官司，在府南七十里。 元為白納縣，尋改。 明初，以周可敬為長官司。 傳至周爾齡，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Baina chief's office lay seventy li south of the prefectural seat. Under the Yuan it was Baina county before the designation was changed. In the early Ming, Zhou Kejing was appointed chief of the office. The line descended to Zhou Erling, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
24
副長官。 趙啟賢同。
Deputy native official. Zhao Qixian served likewise.
25
虎墜長官司，在府東六十里。 明洪武三年，以宋璢為長官司。 傳至宋繼榮，清順治十六年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Huzhui chief's office lay sixty li east of the prefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 3 (1370), Song Lin was appointed chief of the office. The line descended to Song Jirong, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 16 (1659) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
26
程番長官司，唐末，程元龍平定溪洞，世守程番。 元改給安撫司印。 明洪武四年，改授程番長官司。 傳至程民新，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Cheng Fan chief's office: at the end of the Tang, Cheng Yuanlong pacified the stream valleys and his line guarded Cheng Fan for generations. Under the Yuan the office was reissued the seal of a pacification commission. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the office was redesignated the Cheng Fan chief's office. The line descended to Cheng Minxin, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
27
上馬橋長官司，在州北二十里。 自唐末方定遠開疆，明洪武四年，改授長官司。 傳至方維新，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Shang Maqiao chief's office lay twenty li north of the subprefectural seat. From the end of the Tang Fang Dingyuan opened the frontier; in Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the office was redesignated a chief's office. The line descended to Fang Weixin, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
28
小程番長官司，在州北五里。 始自唐末程鸞。 明洪武四年，改授小程番長官司。 傳至程登雲，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Xiao Cheng Fan chief's office lay five li north of the subprefectural seat. The line began with Cheng Luan at the end of the Tang. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the office was redesignated the Xiao Cheng Fan chief's office. The line descended to Cheng Dengyun, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
29
盧番長官司，在州北五里。 始自唐末盧君聘。 元置羅番靜海軍安撫司。 明洪武四年，改授盧番長官司。 傳至盧大用，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Lu Fan chief's office lay five li north of the subprefectural seat. The line began with Lu Junpin at the end of the Tang. Under the Yuan the Luofan Jinghai Army Pacification Commission was established. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the office was redesignated the Lu Fan chief's office. The line descended to Lu Dayong, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
30
方番長官司，在州南十里。 始唐末方德。 明洪武四年，改授方番長官司。 傳至方正綱，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Fang Fan chief's office lay ten li south of the subprefectural seat. The line began with Fang De at the end of the Tang. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the office was redesignated the Fang Fan chief's office. The line descended to Fang Zhengang, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
31
韋番長官司，在州南五里。 唐韋四海守此土。 明洪武四年，改授韋番長官司。 傳至韋璋，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Wei Fan chief's office lay five li south of the subprefectural seat. In the Tang, Wei Sihai held this territory. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the office was redesignated the Wei Fan chief's office. The line descended to Wei Zhang, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
32
臥龍番長官司，在州南十五里。 唐時，龍德壽據此。 明洪武四年，改授臥龍番長官司。 傳至龍國瑞，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Wolong Fan chief's office lay fifteen li south of the subprefectural seat. In the Tang, Long Deshou held this territory. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the office was redesignated the Wolong Fan chief's office. The line descended to Long Guorui, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
33
小龍番長官司，在州東南二十里。 唐時，龍方靈據此。 明洪武四年，改授小龍番長官司。 傳至龍象賢，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Xiao Long Fan chief's office lay twenty li southeast of the subprefectural seat. In the Tang, Long Fangling held this territory. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the office was redesignated the Xiao Long Fan chief's office. The line descended to Long Xiangxian, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
34
金石番長官司，在州東二十五里。 唐時，石寶據此。 明洪武四年，改授金石番長官司。 傳至龍如玉，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Jinshi Fan chief's office lay twenty-five li east of the subprefectural seat. In the Tang, Shi Bao held this territory. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the office was redesignated the Jinshi Fan chief's office. The line descended to Long Ruyu, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
35
羅番長官司，在州南三十里。 始自唐時龍應召。 明洪武四年，改授羅番長官司。 傳至龍從雲，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Luo Fan chief's office lay thirty li south of the subprefectural seat. The line began with Long Yingzhao in the Tang. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the office was redesignated the Luo Fan chief's office. The line descended to Long Congyun, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
36
大龍番長官司，在州東三十里。 始於唐時龍昌宗。 明洪武四年，改授大龍番長官司。 傳至龍登雲，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Da Long Fan chief's office lay thirty li east of the subprefectural seat. The line began with Long Changzong in the Tang. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the office was redesignated the Da Long Fan chief's office. The line descended to Long Dengyun, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
37
木瓜長官司，在州西七十里。 始於元時石期璽。 明洪武八年，改授木瓜長官司。 傳至石玉林，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Mugua chief's office lay seventy li west of the subprefectural seat. The line began with Shi Qixi in the Yuan. In Ming Hongwu 8 (1375) the office was redesignated the Mugua chief's office. The line descended to Shi Yulin, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
38
副長官，始於元時顧德。 明洪武八年，改授木瓜副長官。 傳至顧大維，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The deputy chief's line began with Gu De in the Yuan. In Ming Hongwu 8 (1375) he was redesignated deputy chief of Mugua. The line descended to Gu Dawei, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
39
麻鄉長官司，在州西七十五里。 明洪武十年，以得玉思為麻鄉長官司。 傳至得志，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Maxiang chief's office lay seventy-five li west of the subprefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 10 (1377) De Yusi was appointed chief of Maxiang. The line descended to De Zhi, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
40
乖西長官司，在州東六十里。 始於唐時楊立信。 明洪武四年，改授乖西長官司。 傳至楊瑜，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Guaixi chief's office lay sixty li east of the subprefectural seat. The line began with Yang Lixin in the Tang. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the office was redesignated the Guaixi chief's office. The line descended to Yang Yu, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
41
副長官，始於唐時劉起昌。 傳至劉國柱，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The deputy chief's line began with Liu Qichang in the Tang. The line descended to Liu Guozhu, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
42
大谷龍長官司，在縣西北。 始於元時宋國。 明洪武十三年，授大谷龍長官司。 傳至宋之尹，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Dagulong chief's office lay northwest of the county seat. The line began with Song Guo in the Yuan. In Ming Hongwu 13 (1380) the Dagulong chief's office was established. The line descended to Song Zhiyin, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
43
小谷龍長官司，在縣東北。 元時，宋幕授小谷龍安撫司。 明嘉靖十一年，改授長官司。 傳至宋景運，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Xiaogulong chief's office lay northeast of the county seat. In the Yuan, Song Mu was appointed pacification commissioner of Xiaogulong. In Ming Jiajing 11 (1532) the office was reduced to a chief's office. The line descended to Song Jingyun, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
44
平伐長官司，在縣南。 唐時李保郎，以征南功授安撫司。 明洪武十五年，改授平伐長官司。 傳至李世廕，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Pingfa chief's office lay south of the county seat. In the Tang, Li Baolang was appointed pacification commissioner for his service in the southern campaigns. In Ming Hongwu 15 (1382) the office was redesignated the Pingfa chief's office. The line descended to Li Shiyin, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
45
大平伐長官司，在縣南三十里。 後漢昭烈時，宋隆豆征南有功，世守茲土。 明洪武四年，改授宋臣為大平伐長官司。 傳至宋世昌，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Dapingfa chief's office lay thirty li south of the county seat. Under Later Han Emperor Zhao Lie, Song Longdou earned merit in the southern campaigns and his line held this land for generations. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) Song Chen was appointed chief of Dapingfa. The line descended to Song Shichang, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
46
小平伐長官司，在縣南三十里。 唐時宋忠宣，以功授招討司。 明洪武四年，改授小平伐長官司。 傳至宋天培，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Xiaopingfa chief's office lay thirty li south of the county seat. In the Tang, Song Zhongxuan was appointed bandit-suppression commissioner for his service. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the office was redesignated the Xiaopingfa chief's office. The line descended to Song Tianpei, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
47
新添長官司，在縣東北。 唐時，宋景陽據此。 明洪武四年，改授新添長官司，屬新添衛。 傳至宋鴻基，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。 康熙十年，改隸貴定縣。
The Xintian chief's office lay northeast of the county seat. In the Tang, Song Jingyang held this territory. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the office was redesignated the Xintian chief's office, placed under Xintian Guard. The line descended to Song Hongji, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office. In Kangxi 10 (1671) it was placed under the jurisdiction of Guiding County.
48
羊場長官司，在縣東北。 明洪武三十二年，以郭九齡為羊場長官司。 傳至郭天章，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Yangchang chief's office lay northeast of the county seat. In Ming Hongwu 32 (1399) Guo Jiuling was appointed chief of Yangchang. The line descended to Guo Tianzhang, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
49
底寨長官司，唐時，蔡興隆調征黑羊，授護國將軍，留守茲土。 明洪武四年，改授底寨長官司。 傳至蔡啟珵，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Dizhai chief's office: in the Tang, Cai Xinglong was called up for the campaign against the Heiyang, appointed General Who Guards the State, and left to hold this land. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the office was redesignated the Dizhai chief's office. The line descended to Cai Qiyu, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
50
副長官，始自唐時梅天祿。 明洪武四年，准世襲。 傳至梅朝聘，清順治十五年，歸附，仍襲舊職。
The deputy chief's line began with Mei Tianlu in the Tang. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) hereditary succession was granted. The line descended to Mei Chaopin, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to his former office.
51
西堡副長官。 明洪武十二年，溫伯壽以平苗功，授西堡副長官。 傳至溫捷桂，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Xibao deputy chief. In Ming Hongwu 12 (1379) Wen Boshou was appointed deputy chief of Xibao for his service in pacifying the Miao. The line descended to Wen Jiegui, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
52
康佐副長官。 明永樂六年，于成以功授康佐副長官。 傳至於應鵬，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Kangzuo deputy chief. In Ming Yongle 6 (1408) Yu Cheng was appointed deputy chief of Kangzuo for his service. The line descended to Yu Yingpeng, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
53
頂營長官司，在州南一百里。 明洪武十六年，羅錄以功授頂營長官司。 傳至羅洪勳，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Dingying chief's office lay one hundred li south of the subprefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 16 (1383) Luo Lu was appointed chief of Dingying for his service. The line descended to Luo Hongxun, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
54
募役長官司，在州西一百七十里。 明洪武十九年，阿辭以功授募役長官司。 傳至阿更，永樂元年，賜姓禮，更名山。 傳至阿廷試，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Muyi chief's office lay one hundred seventy li west of the subprefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 19 (1386) A Ci was appointed chief of Muyi for his service. The line descended to A Geng, who in Yongle 1 (1403) received the surname Li and took the name Shan. The line descended to A Tingshi, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
55
沙營長官司，明洪武十四年，沙先以功授沙營長官司。 傳至沙裕先，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Shaying chief's office: in Ming Hongwu 14 (1381) Sha Xian was appointed chief of Shaying for his service. The line descended to Sha Yuxian, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
56
盤江土巡檢。 明洪武八年，李當以功授盤江巡檢。 傳至李桂芳，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Panjiang native subprefectural magistrate. In Ming Hongwu 8 (1375) Li Dang was appointed subprefectural magistrate of Panjiang for his service. The line descended to Li Guifang, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
57
楊義長官司，在州東八十里。 始於唐時金密定。 明洪武二十一年，改授楊義長官司。 傳至金榜，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Yangyi chief's office lay eighty li east of the subprefectural seat. The line began with Jin Miding in the Tang. In Ming Hongwu 21 (1388) the office was redesignated the Yangyi chief's office. The line descended to Jin Bang, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
58
岩門長官司，在州東北。 明成化六年，何清以征苗有功，授凱里安撫司左副長官。 萬曆四十二年，改屬黃平州。 傳至何仕洪，清順治十五年，歸附，改授岩門長官司，世襲。
The Yanmen chief's office lay northeast of the subprefectural seat. In Ming Chenghua 6 (1470) He Qing was appointed left deputy chief of the Kaili pacification commission for his service against the Miao. In Wanli 42 (1614) it was placed under Huangping Subprefecture. The line descended to He Shihong, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658), was redesignated chief of Yanmen, and granted hereditary office.
59
重安司土吏目，在州西三十里。 明洪武八年，以張佛寶、馮鐸為正、副長官司。 萬曆二十七年，改土吏目。 傳至張威鎮，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Chong'an commission native clerk lay thirty li west of the subprefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 8 (1375) Zhang Fubao and Feng Duo were appointed principal and deputy chiefs. In Wanli 27 (1599) the office was reduced to a native clerkship. The line descended to Zhang Weizhen, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
60
草塘司土縣丞。 明洪武二十五年，以宋邦佐為草塘安撫司。 傳至世甯，萬曆二十九年，改授土縣丞。 傳至宋運鴻，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Caotang commission native assistant prefect. In Ming Hongwu 25 (1392) Song Bangzuo was appointed pacification commissioner of Caotang. The line descended to Shining, who in Wanli 29 (1601) was redesignated native assistant prefect. The line descended to Song Yunhong, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
61
甕水司土縣丞，在縣西北。 明洪武十七年，以猶恭為安撫司。 萬曆中，改授土縣丞。 傳至猶登第，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Wengshui commission native assistant prefect lay northwest of the county seat. In Ming Hongwu 17 (1384) You Gong was appointed pacification commissioner. During the Wanli reign the office was reduced to a native assistant prefectship. The line descended to You Dengdi, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
62
土縣丞。 唐毛巴有功，授餘慶土知府。 明洪武二年，改長官司。 萬曆二十九年，改為土縣丞。 傳至毛鵬程，清順治十五年，歸附，准襲前職。
The native assistant prefect. In the Tang, Mao Ba earned merit and was appointed native prefect of Yuqing. In Ming Hongwu 2 (1369) the office was reduced to a chief's office. In Wanli 29 (1601) the office was further reduced to a native assistant prefectship. The line descended to Mao Pengcheng, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to his former office.
63
土主簿。 元楊正寶有功，授白泥司副長官。 明萬曆二十四年，改為土主簿。 傳至楊璟，清順治十五年，歸附，仍襲前職。
The native registrar. In the Yuan, Yang Zhengbao earned merit and was appointed deputy chief of the Baini commission. In Ming Wanli 24 (1596) the office was reduced to a native registrarship. The line descended to Yang Jing, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to his former office.
64
都勻長官司，在府南七里。 明洪武十六年，以吳賴為都勻長官司。 傳至吳玉，清順治十五年，歸附，准襲前職。
The Duyun chief's office lay seven li south of the prefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 16 (1383) Wu Lai was appointed chief of Duyun. The line descended to Wu Yu, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to his former office.
65
副長官。 王應祖，同。
Deputy native official. Wang Yingzu served likewise.
66
邦水長官司，在府西二十里。 明永樂六年，以吳珊為邦水長官司。 傳至吳昌祚，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Bangshui chief's office lay twenty li west of the prefectural seat. In Ming Yongle 6 (1408) Wu Shan was appointed chief of Bangshui. The line descended to Wu Changzuo, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
67
樂平長官司，在州北四十里。 明洪武年間，授宋仁德為樂平司正長官。 傳至宋治政，清順治十五年，歸附，仍襲前職。
The Leping chief's office lay forty li north of the subprefectural seat. During the Ming Hongwu reign Song Rende was appointed principal chief of the Leping commission. The line descended to Song Zhizheng, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to his former office.
68
平定長官司，在州北一百里。 明洪武十年，授吳忠平定長官司。 傳至吳士爵，清順治十五年，歸附，仍襲前職。
The Pingding chief's office lay one hundred li north of the subprefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 10 (1377) Wu Zhong was appointed chief of Pingding. The line descended to Wu Shijue, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to his former office.
69
土同知。 明洪武十六年，以蒙聞為九姓獨山長官司，以境有九姓蠻為名。 弘治八年，改土同知。 傳至蒙一龍，清順治十五年，歸附，仍襲前職。
The native vice-prefect. In Ming Hongwu 16 (1383) Meng Wen was appointed chief of Jiuxing Dushan, an office named for the Nine Surname tribes in its domain. In Hongzhi 8 (1495) the office was raised to a native vice-prefectship. The line descended to Meng Yilong, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to his former office.
70
豐寧上長官司，在州南一百二十里。 明洪武二十三年，以楊萬八為豐寧上長官司。 傳至楊懋功，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The upper Fengning chief's office lay one hundred twenty li south of the subprefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 23 (1390) Yang Wanba was appointed chief of upper Fengning. The line descended to Yang Maogong, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
71
豐寧下長官司，在州東南二百四十里。 明洪武二十三年，以楊萬全為豐寧下長官司。 傳至楊威遠，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The lower Fengning chief's office lay two hundred forty li southeast of the subprefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 23 (1390) Yang Wanquan was appointed chief of lower Fengning. The line descended to Yang Weiyuan, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
72
爛土長官司，在州東一百十里。 明洪武二十四年，以張鈞為爛土長官司。 傳至張威遠，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Lantu chief's office lay one hundred ten li east of the subprefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 24 (1391) Zhang Jun was appointed chief of Lantu. The line descended to Zhang Weiyuan, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
73
凱里司。 楊氏，清康熙四十五年，以土酋大惡案內改土歸流，入清平縣。
The Kaili commission. The Yang clan held the Kaili commission until Kangxi 45 (1706), when the Da E native-chieftain case led to abolition of native rule and incorporation into Qingping County.
74
土同知。 宋時，何永壽以功授高丹峒正長官司。 明洪武三年，授何濟承為鎮遠州土同知。 傳至何大昆，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The native vice-prefect. In the Song, He Yongshou earned merit and was appointed principal chief of Gaodandong. In Ming Hongwu 3 (1370) He Jicheng was appointed native vice-prefect of Zhenyuan Subprefecture. The line descended to He Dakun, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
75
土通判。 宋時，楊從禮。 明正統四年，改授楊瑄鎮遠州土通判。 傳至楊龍圖，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The native prefectural assistant. The line began with Yang Congli in the Song. In Ming Zhengtong 4 (1439) Yang Xuan was redesignated native prefectural assistant of Zhenyuan Subprefecture. The line descended to Yang Longtu, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
76
土推官。 宋時，楊載華。 明正統十一年，改授楊忠鎮遠州土推官。 傳至楊秀瑋，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The native judicial official. The line began with Yang Zaihua in the Song. In Ming Zhengtong 11 (1446) Yang Zhong was redesignated native judicial official of Zhenyuan Subprefecture. The line descended to Yang Xiuwei, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
77
偏橋長官司，在府城西六十里。 宋時，安崇誠。 明洪武三年，改授安德可為偏橋長官司。 傳至安顯祖，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Pianqiao chief's office lay sixty li west of the prefectural city. The line began with An Chongcheng in the Song. In Ming Hongwu 3 (1370) An Deke was redesignated chief of Pianqiao. The line descended to An Xianzu, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
78
左副長官，楊通聖； 右副長官，楊毓秀：均同。
Left deputy chief Yang Tongsheng; right deputy chief Yang Yuxiu: both served likewise.
79
卭水長官司，在縣東八十里。 明洪武元年，授楊昌盛為卭水長官司。 傳至楊勝梅，清順治十六年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Qiongshui chief's office lay eighty li east of the county seat. In Ming Hongwu 1 (1368) Yang Changsheng was appointed chief of Qiongshui. The line descended to Yang Shengmei, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 16 (1659) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
80
副長官。 袁洪遠，同。
Deputy native official. Yuan Hongyuan served likewise.
81
隨府辦事長官司。 宋時，田二鳳。 明洪武五年，改思南宣慰司。 永樂十一年，改授隨府辦事長官司。 傳至田仁溥，清順治十七年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The chief's office attending prefectural affairs. The line began with Tian Erfeng in the Song. In Ming Hongwu 5 (1372) it was redesignated the Sinan pacification commission. In Yongle 11 (1413) the office was reduced to a chief's office attending prefectural affairs. The line descended to Tian Renpu, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 17 (1660) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
82
蠻夷長官司，在府城西。 宋時，安仲用。 明洪武二十九年，改授蠻夷長官司。 傳至安於磐，清順治十七年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Manyi chief's office lay west of the prefectural city. The line began with An Zhongyong in the Song. In Ming Hongwu 29 (1396) the office was redesignated the Manyi chief's office. The line descended to An Yupán, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 17 (1660) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
83
副長官。 李際明，清順治十七年，歸附，仍准世襲。 雍正八年，李慧緣事革職。
Deputy native official. Li Jiming submitted in Qing Shunzhi 17 (1660) and was allowed to retain hereditary office. In Yongzheng 8 (1730) Li Hui was stripped of office for misconduct.
84
沿河祐溪長官司，在府北二百十里。 元時，張仲武以功授長官司。 傳至張承祿，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Yanhe Youxi chief's office lay two hundred ten li north of the prefectural seat. In the Yuan, Zhang Zhongwu earned merit and was appointed chief. The line descended to Zhang Chenglu, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
85
副長官。 冉鼎臣，同。
Deputy native official. Ran Dingchen served likewise.
86
朗溪長官司，在府東八十里。 元時，田穀。 明洪武元年，授朗溪長官司。 傳至田養民，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Langxi chief's office lay eighty li east of the prefectural seat. The line began with Tian Gu in the Yuan. In Ming Hongwu 1 (1368) the Langxi chief's office was established. The line descended to Tian Yangmin, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
87
副長官。 任進道，同。
Deputy native official. Ren Jindao served likewise.
88
土縣丞。 元時，張坤元。 明萬曆三十三年，改授土縣丞。 傳至張試，清順治十八年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The native assistant prefect. The line began with Zhang Kunyuan in the Yuan. In Ming Wanli 33 (1605) the office was redesignated a native assistant prefectship. The line descended to Zhang Shi, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 18 (1661) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
89
土巡檢。 明洪武七年，以陸公閱為土巡檢。 傳至陸陽春，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲土百戶。 久改流。
The native subprefectural magistrate. In Ming Hongwu 7 (1374) Lu Gongyue was appointed native subprefectural magistrate. The line descended to Lu Yangchun, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office as native centurion. The office was long since converted to direct administration.
90
土縣丞。 元時，張恢留此。 明嘉靖七年，改授土縣丞。 傳至張應璧，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The native assistant prefect. In the Yuan, Zhang Hui settled here. In Ming Jiajing 7 (1528) the office was redesignated a native assistant prefectship. The line descended to Zhang Yingbi, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
91
土百戶，改流。
The native centurionship was abolished for direct administration.
92
石阡正長官司。 清雍正八年，改土歸流。
The principal Shiqian chief's office. In Qing Yongzheng 8 (1730) the office was abolished for direct rule.
93
副長官，在府城西北。 元時，楊九龍以功授石阡副長官。 明洪武五年，仍之。 傳至楊敬勝，清順治十五年，歸附，亦准世襲。
The deputy chief's office lay northwest of the prefectural city. In the Yuan, Yang Jiulong earned merit and was appointed deputy chief of Shiqian. In Ming Hongwu 5 (1372) the Ming confirmed the appointment. The line descended to Yang Jingsheng, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was also allowed to retain hereditary office.
94
苗民長官司，在府城西北。 明洪武十年，立。 清康熙四十三年，改土歸流。
The Miaomin chief's office lay northwest of the prefectural city. It was established in Ming Hongwu 10 (1377). In Qing Kangxi 43 (1704) the office was abolished for direct rule.
95
都坪長官司，在府城內。 元何清授定雲路總管。 明洪武七年，改授都坪長官司。 傳至何學政，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Duping chief's office lay within the prefectural city. In the Yuan, He Qing was appointed chief administrator of Dingyun Circuit. In Ming Hongwu 7 (1374) the office was redesignated the Duping chief's office. The line descended to He Xuezheng, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
96
副長官。 周如，同。
Deputy native official. Zhou Ru served likewise.
97
都素長官司，在府西九十里。 明永樂十一年，置長官司於馬口寨。 傳至何起圖，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Dusu chief's office lay ninety li west of the prefectural seat. In Ming Yongle 11 (1413) the chief's office was established at Makou Stockade. The line descended to He Qitu, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
98
副長官。 周之龍，同。
Deputy native official. Zhou Zhilong served likewise.
99
黃道長官司，在府東北一百二十里。 明洪武五年，以黃文聽為長官司。 傳至黃金印，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Huangdao chief's office lay one hundred and twenty li northeast of the prefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 5 (1372) Huang Wenting was appointed chief of the office. The line descended to Huang Jinyin, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
100
副長官。 黃士元，同。
Deputy native official. Huang Shiyuan served likewise.
101
施溪長官司，在府北一百四十里。 明洪武五年，以劉貴為施溪長官司。 傳至劉師光，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Shixi chief's office lay one hundred and forty li north of the prefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 5 (1372) Liu Gui was appointed chief of Shixi. The line descended to Liu Shiguang, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
102
省溪長官司，在府西一百里。 明洪武五年，以楊政為省溪長官司。 傳至楊秀銘，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Shengxi chief's office lay one hundred li west of the prefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 5 (1372) Yang Zheng was appointed chief of Shengxi. The line descended to Yang Xiuming, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
103
副長官。 戴子美，同。
Deputy native official. Dai Zimei served likewise.
104
提溪長官司，在府西一百四十里。 明洪武五年，以楊秀纂為提溪長官司。 傳至楊通正，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Tixi chief's office lay one hundred and forty li west of the prefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 5 (1372) Yang Xiuzuan was appointed chief of Tixi. The line descended to Yang Tongzheng, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
105
副長官。 張體泰，同。
Deputy native official. Zhang Titai served likewise.
106
烏蘿長官司，在府西二百里。 始自唐時楊通孫。 明洪武五年，改授烏蘿長官司。 傳至楊洪基，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Wuluo chief's office lay two hundred li west of the prefectural seat. The line began with Yang Tongsun in the Tang. In Ming Hongwu 5 (1372) the office was redesignated the Wuluo chief's office. The line descended to Yang Hongji, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
107
副長官。 冉天奇，同。
Deputy native official. Ran Tianqi served likewise.
108
平頭長官司，在府北一百二十里。 明洪武二十九年，改授楊正德為平頭長官司。 傳至楊昌續，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Pingtou chief's office lay one hundred and twenty li north of the prefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 29 (1396) Yang Zhengde was redesignated chief of Pingtou. The line descended to Yang Changxu, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
109
副長官。 田茂功，同。
Deputy native official. Tian Maogong served likewise.
110
潭溪長官司，在府西南三十里。 明洪武四年，以石平禾為潭溪長官司。 傳至石玉柱，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Tanxi chief's office lay thirty li southwest of the prefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) Shi Pinghe was appointed chief of Tanxi. The line descended to Shi Yuzhu, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
111
副長官。 石岩，同。
Deputy native official. Shi Yan served likewise.
112
八舟長官司，在府北八十里。 漢吳昌祚以功授八舟長官司。 明洪武四年，仍令吳氏世襲。 傳至吳遇主，清順治十五年，歸附，亦准襲職。
The Bazhou chief's office lay eighty li north of the prefectural seat. In Han times Wu Changzuo earned merit and was appointed chief of Bazhou. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) the Ming confirmed hereditary succession for the Wu clan. The line descended to Wu Yuzhu, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was also allowed to succeed to the office.
113
龍里長官司，在府西北九十里。 明洪武四年，以楊光福為龍里長官司。 傳至楊勝梯，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Longli chief's office lay ninety li northwest of the prefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) Yang Guangfu was appointed chief of Longli. The line descended to Yang Shengti, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
114
中林長官司，在府西北一百里。 明洪武五年，以楊盛賢為中林長官司。 傳至楊應詔，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Zhonglin chief's office lay one hundred li northwest of the prefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 5 (1372) Yang Shengxian was appointed chief of Zhonglin. The line descended to Yang Yingshao, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
115
古州長官司，在府西北八十里。 元置古州八萬洞長官司，屬思州宣撫司。 明洪武五年，以楊秀茂為古州長官司。 永樂十年，屬府。 傳至楊雲龍，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Guzhou chief's office lay eighty li northwest of the prefectural seat. The Yuan established the Guzhou Ba Wan Dong chief's office, under the Sizhou pacification commission. In Ming Hongwu 5 (1372) Yang Xiumao was appointed chief of Guzhou. In Yongle 10 (1412) it was placed under the prefecture. The line descended to Yang Yunlong, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
116
新化長官司，在府北六十里。 元時，歐陽明萬以功授軍民長官司。 明洪武五年，仍襲前職。 傳至歐陽瑾，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Xinhua chief's office lay sixty li north of the prefectural seat. In the Yuan, Ouyang Mingwan earned merit and was appointed a military and civilian chief's office. In Ming Hongwu 5 (1372) he was allowed to succeed to his former office. The line descended to Ouyang Jin, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
117
歐陽長官司，在府北九十里。 明洪武四年，以陽都統為歐陽長官司。 傳至陽運洪，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Ouyang chief's office lay ninety li north of the prefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) Yang Dutong was appointed chief of Ouyang. The line descended to Yang Yunhong, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to retain hereditary office.
118
副長官。 吳登科，同。
Deputy native official. Wu Dengke served likewise.
119
亮寨長官司，在府北一百里。 元置。 明洪武四年，以龍政忠為本司長官司。 傳至龍文炳，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Liangzhai chief's office lay one hundred li north of the prefectural seat. It was established in the Yuan. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) Long Zhengzhong was appointed chief of this commission. The line descended to Long Wenbing, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
120
湖耳長官司，在府東北一百二十里。 明洪武四年，以楊再祿為本司長官司。 傳至楊通乾，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Hu'er chief's office lay one hundred and twenty li northeast of the prefectural seat. In Ming Hongwu 4 (1371) Yang Zailu was appointed chief of this commission. The line descended to Yang Tongqian, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
121
副長官。 楊大勳，同。
Deputy native official. Yang Daxun served likewise.
122
洪州長官司，在府東一百五十里。 元置洪州泊里等洞軍民長官司。 明洪武五年，以李氏為洪州長官司。 傳至李煦，清順治十五年，歸附，仍准襲職。
The Hongzhou chief's office lay one hundred and fifty li east of the prefectural seat. The Yuan established the Hongzhou Boli and other dong military and civilian chief's office. In Ming Hongwu 5 (1372) the Li clan was appointed chief of Hongzhou. The line descended to Li Xu, who submitted in Qing Shunzhi 15 (1658) and was allowed to succeed to the office.
123
副長官。 林起鵬，同。
Deputy native official. Lin Qipeng served likewise.
124
分管三郎司，在府南三十里。 楊世勳襲。 清康熙二十三年，改土歸流。
The sub-administered Sanlang office lay thirty li south of the prefectural seat. Yang Shixun succeeded to the office. In Qing Kangxi 23 (1684) the office was abolished for direct rule.
125
赤谿湳洞司，在府東北二百六十里。 楊鳴鸞襲。 清康熙二十三年，改土歸流。
The Chixi Nan Dong office lay two hundred and sixty li northeast of the prefectural seat. Yang Mingluan succeeded to the office. In Qing Kangxi 23 (1684) the office was abolished for direct rule.
126
水西宣慰司：康熙三年，吳三桂滅安坤，改設四府。 二十一年十二月，諭大學士曰：「吳三桂未叛時，征討水西，曾滅土司安坤，其妻祿氏奔於烏蒙，後生子安世宗。 朕觀平越、黔西、威寧、大定四府原屬苗蠻，以土司專轄，方為至便。 大兵進取雲南，祿氏曾前接濟，著有勤勞，仍復設宣慰使，令世宗承襲。」 四十年，總督王繼文以土司安世宗為吏民之害，仍請停襲，地方歸流官管轄。
The Shuixi pacification commission: in Kangxi 3 (1664) Wu Sangui overthrew An Kun and established four prefectures in its place. In the twelfth month of Kangxi 21 (1682) the Emperor told the Grand Secretaries: "Before Wu Sangui rebelled, in campaigning against Shuixi he had destroyed the native chieftain An Kun; An Kun's wife, Lady Lu, fled to Wumeng and later bore a son, An Shizong. I observe that Pingyue, Qianxi, Weining, and Dading originally lay in Miao country; exclusive rule by a native chieftain would be the most practical arrangement. When the great army marched to recover Yunnan, Lady Lu had gone ahead to supply the troops and rendered notable service; the pacification commission was therefore restored and Shizong was permitted to inherit it. In Kangxi 40 (1701), Governor-General Wang Jiwen, citing An Shizong's harm to officials and people, again requested that succession be halted and the territory placed under direct administration.