1
廣西為西南邊地。 秦，桂林郡。 漢，始安。 唐，桂管。 宋，靜江府。 元，靜江路。 明建廣西省。 瑤、僮多於漢人十倍，盤萬山之中，踞三江之險。 明時，因元之舊，多設土司，以資鎮壓。 叛服不常，韓雍之定藤峽，王守仁之撫田州，沈希儀、俞大猷之戰功，殷正茂、翁萬達之成績，僅得勘定。 清朝，廣西莠民四起，土司獨安靖無事。 鄂爾泰經略三省，革泗城土府岑映宸職，割江北地隸貴州。 雍正六年八月，首討思陵州之八達寨，扼其餉道，屯兵二三里外，量大砲所能及，漸轟進偪。 賊窘急，斬土目顏光色兄弟以獻，尚閉寨不出，遂為官兵所毀。 八年，復檄討思明土府所屬之鄧橫寨，三路進攻，一鼓而克。 於是遠近土目爭繳軍器二萬餘。 巡邊所至，迎扈千里，三省邊防皆定。 秦，象郡。 漢，交阯、日南二郡界。 唐置粵州，天寶初，改龍水郡； 乾元中，更宜州。 宋升慶遠軍節度，咸淳初，改慶遠府。 元為慶遠路。 明仍改慶遠府。 清因之。
Guangxi formed the empire's southwestern frontier. The Qin organized it as Guilin Commandery. The Han called the area Shian. The Tang placed it under the Guiguan circuit. The Song renamed it Jingjiang Prefecture. The Yuan administered it as Jingjiang Circuit. The Ming created Guangxi as a province. Yao and Zhuang peoples outnumbered Han settlers ten to one, spread through endless mountain ranges and holding the strategic heights where three rivers met. The Ming, continuing Yuan practice, appointed numerous native chieftains to help keep the region under control. Loyalty and revolt shifted unpredictably. Han Yong's suppression of Teng Gorge, Wang Shouren's pacification of Tianzhou, the campaigns of Shen Xiyi and Yu Dayou, and the successes of Yin Zhengmao and Weng Wanda barely sufficed to bring the territory back under survey and control. Under the Qing, troublemakers stirred throughout Guangxi, yet the native chieftain domains alone stayed quiet. When Ortai took charge of the three southwestern provinces, he stripped Cen Yingchen of the Sicheng native prefecture and transferred the territory north of the river to Guizhou. In the eighth month of Yongzheng 6, he opened operations against Bada Stockade in Siling Prefecture, cutting its supply lines and stationing troops two or three li away. Judging the range of his heavy guns, he shelled the position step by step until his forces closed in. Cornered, the rebels executed the native officers Yan Guangse and his brothers and sent their heads as a plea for mercy, but still refused to open the stockade. Government forces then stormed and destroyed it. In Yongzheng 8 he ordered a second campaign against Dengheng Stockade, a dependency of Siming native prefecture. Three columns attacked at once and carried the place in one rush. Native officers throughout the region then hurried to turn in more than twenty thousand weapons. On his frontier tours, local leaders escorted him for hundreds of miles, and the border defenses of all three provinces were secured. In Qin times the area belonged to Xiang Commandery. The Han placed it on the boundary between Jiaozhi and Rinan commanderies. The Tang set up Yue Prefecture, which at the start of the Tianbao era was renamed Longshui Commandery; and in the Qianyuan period it became Yizhou again. The Song elevated it to the Qingyuan military commission, and at the opening of the Xianchun era renamed it Qingyuan Prefecture. The Yuan administered it as Qingyuan Circuit. The Ming restored the name Qingyuan Prefecture. The Qing kept the arrangement.
2
東蘭土州，在府西南。 宋置蘭州，以韋氏世襲。 元改東蘭州。 明因之。 傳至韋光祚，清順治初，歸附，予舊職，雍正七年，改設流官知州。
Donglan Native Prefecture stood southwest of Qingyuan. The Song created Lan Prefecture and granted hereditary rule to the Wei clan. The Yuan renamed it Donglan Prefecture. The Ming retained the arrangement. The succession reached Wei Guangzuo, who submitted early in Shunzhi and kept his old post until Yongzheng 7, when the court replaced the native prefect with a regular appointee.
3
忻城土縣，在府南。 宋慶曆間，隸宜州。 元以莫保為八仙屯千戶。 明洪武初，設流官。 後仍任土官，以莫氏世襲。 傳至莫猛，清順治九年，歸附，仍准襲職。
Xincheng Native County lay south of Qingyuan. Under the Song, during the Qingli period, it fell under Yizhou. The Yuan made Mo Bao chiliarch of Baxian Stockade. Early in Hongwu the Ming posted regular officials there. Later the court again entrusted the post to a native magistrate, with the Mo clan succeeding hereditarily. The line reached Mo Meng, who submitted in Shunzhi 9 and was allowed to keep the hereditary post.
4
南丹土州，在府西北。 宋開寶初，土官莫洪內附； 元豐三年，置州，管轄諸蠻。 明洪武初，莫金納土。 金叛被誅，以金子祿襲。 傳至莫自乾，清順治九年，歸附，仍准襲職。
Nandan Native Prefecture lay northwest of Qingyuan. Early in the Kaibao era the native officer Mo Hong submitted to the Song; and in Yuanfeng 3 the court created a prefecture to govern the surrounding tribes. Early in Hongwu, Mo Jin surrendered the territory. When Jin rebelled he was executed, and his son Lu inherited the post. The succession reached Mo Ziqian, who submitted in Shunzhi 9 and was confirmed in the hereditary office.
5
那地土州，在府西。 宋熙甯初，土人羅世念來降； 崇寧間，遂置地、那二州，以羅氏世知地州。 元仍之。 明洪武元年，土官羅黃貌附，詔並那、地為一州，予印授，黃貌世襲，以流官吏目佐之。 傳至羅德壽，清順治九年，歸附，仍准世襲。
Nadi Native Prefecture lay west of Qingyuan. Early in the Xining era the local leader Luo Shinan submitted; and during Chongning the court set up Di and Na prefectures, with the Luo clan holding hereditary rule over Di. The Yuan kept the arrangement. In Hongwu 1 the native officer Luo Huangmao submitted. The court merged Na and Di into a single prefecture, issued a seal, and granted Huangmao hereditary rule, assisted by a regular clerk. The line reached Luo Deshou, who submitted in Shunzhi 9 and retained the hereditary post.
6
永順正土司，在府西南。 明設土司，弘治間，以鄧文茂為之。 傳至鄧世廣，清順治九年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The principal Yongshun native chieftaincy lay southwest of Qingyuan. The Ming created the post during the Hongzhi reign and appointed Deng Wenmao. The succession reached Deng Shiguang, who submitted in Shunzhi 9 and kept the hereditary office.
7
副土司。 彭希聖，同。
Deputy native chieftain: Peng Xisheng, with the same arrangement.
8
永定土司，在府西南。 明成化十二年，設土司，以韋萬秀為之。 傳至韋盛春，清順治九年，歸附，仍准世襲。 古百粵。 漢屬交阯。 唐天寶元年，改為橫山郡。 元置田州路軍民總管府。 明正統五年，升為思恩府。 弘治末，改流官，清因之。
The Yongding native chieftaincy lay southwest of Qingyuan. In Chenghua 12 the Ming created the post and appointed Wei Wanxiu. The line reached Wei Shengchun, who submitted in Shunzhi 9 and retained hereditary succession. The region had been ancient Baiyue country. Under the Han it fell within Jiaozhi. In Tianbao 1 the Tang renamed it Hengshan Commandery. The Yuan set up the Tianzhou Circuit Military-Civilian Pacification Commission. In Zhengtong 5 the Ming elevated the territory to Si'en Prefecture. Late in Hongzhi the court replaced the native administration with regular officials, and the Qing kept that system.
9
上林土縣，在府西南二百七里。 宋置，隸橫山寨。 元屬田州。 明洪武二年，以黃嵩為土知縣，仍屬田州； 嘉靖初，改隸思恩軍民府，佐以流官典史。 傳至黃國安，清初，歸附，仍襲舊職。
Shanglin Native County stood two hundred seven li southwest of Qingyuan. The Song created the county under Hengshan Stockade. Under the Yuan it belonged to Tianzhou. In Hongwu 2 the Ming appointed Huang Song native magistrate, leaving the county under Tianzhou; and early in Jiajing transferred it to Si'en Military-Civilian Prefecture with a regular registrar as assistant. The succession reached Huang Guo'an, who submitted at the founding of the Qing and kept his hereditary post.
10
白山土司，在府東北。 宋皇祐間，隨狄青有功，世襲土舍。 明嘉靖七年，以王受明為白山土巡檢。 傳至王如綸，清初，歸附，仍襲舊職。
The Baishan native chieftaincy lay northeast of Qingyuan. During Huangyou a clan that served under Di Qing was rewarded with a hereditary native headmanship. In Jiajing 7 the Ming appointed Wang Shouming Baishan native inspector. The line reached Wang Rulun, who submitted at the Qing founding and retained the post.
11
興隆土司，在府東北八十里。 明嘉靖七年，以韋貴為土巡檢。 傳至韋萬安，清順治十七年，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Xinglong native chieftaincy lay eighty li northeast of Qingyuan. In Jiajing 7 the Ming appointed Wei Gui native inspector. The succession reached Wei Wan'an, who submitted in Shunzhi 17 and kept the hereditary office.
12
那馬土司，在府西北九十里。 明嘉靖七年，以黃理為土巡檢。 傳至黃天倫，清初，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Nama native chieftaincy lay ninety li northwest of Qingyuan. In Jiajing 7 the Ming appointed Huang Li native inspector. The line reached Huang Tianlun, who submitted at the Qing founding and retained hereditary succession.
13
定羅土司，在府西一百四十里。 明嘉靖七年，以徐伍為土巡檢。 傳至徐朝佐，清初，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Dingluo native chieftaincy lay one hundred forty li west of Qingyuan. In Jiajing 7 the Ming appointed Xu Wu native inspector. The succession reached Xu Chaozuo, who submitted at the Qing founding and kept the hereditary post.
14
舊城土司，在府西北一百二十里。 明嘉靖七年，以黃集為土巡檢。 傳至黃世勳，清初，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Jiucheng native chieftaincy lay one hundred twenty li northwest of Qingyuan. In Jiajing 7 the Ming appointed Huang Ji native inspector. The line reached Huang Shixun, who submitted at the Qing founding and retained hereditary succession.
15
下旺土司，在府西二百十里。 明嘉靖七年，以韋良保為土巡檢。 傳至韋際弦，清初，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Xiawang native chieftaincy lay two hundred ten li west of Qingyuan. In Jiajing 7 the Ming appointed Wei Liangbao native inspector. The succession reached Wei Jixian, who submitted at the Qing founding and kept the hereditary office.
16
安定土司，在府北。 明嘉靖七年，以潘良為土巡檢。 傳至潘應璧，清初，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Anding native chieftaincy lay north of Qingyuan. In Jiajing 7 the Ming appointed Pan Liang native inspector. The line reached Pan Yingbi, who submitted at the Qing founding and retained hereditary succession.
17
都陽土司，在府西北六百里。 明嘉靖七年，以黃留為土巡檢。 傳至黃宏會，清初，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Duyang native chieftaincy lay six hundred li northwest of Qingyuan. In Jiajing 7 the Ming appointed Huang Liu native inspector. The succession reached Huang Honghui, who submitted at the Qing founding and kept the hereditary post.
18
古零土司，在府東。 明嘉靖七年，以覃益為土巡檢。 子文顯，征大藤峽有功，加千總。 傳至覃恩錫，清初，歸附，仍准世襲。
The Guling native chieftaincy lay east of Qingyuan. In Jiajing 7 the Ming appointed Qin Yi native inspector. His son Wenxian earned promotion to chiliarch for service against Great Rattan Gorge. The line reached Qin Enxi, who submitted at the Qing founding and retained hereditary succession.
19
田州土州，在府西四百五十里。 唐天寶元年，橫山郡。 乾元元年，改為田州。 宋屬橫山寨。 元置田州路軍民總管府。 明改田州府，尋復為州。 嘉靖九年，以岑芝主田州。 傳至岑漢貴，清順治初，歸附，仍准世襲。 近改百色直隸廳，置流官。
Tianzhou Native Prefecture lay four hundred fifty li west of Qingyuan. In Tianbao 1 the Tang organized it as Hengshan Commandery. In Qianyuan 1 it was renamed Tianzhou. Under the Song it fell under Hengshan Stockade. The Yuan set up the Tianzhou Circuit Military-Civilian Pacification Commission. The Ming briefly made it Tianzhou Prefecture, then restored it as Tianzhou. In Jiajing 9 the court put Cen Zhi in charge of Tianzhou. The succession reached Cen Hangui, who submitted early in Shunzhi and retained hereditary rule. It was recently reorganized as Baise Direct Administration Department under regular officials.
20
歸順州，舊為峒。 元隸鎮安路。 明因之。 弘治年間，升為州，以岑瑛為知州，世襲，改隸思恩府。 傳至岑繼綱，清順治初，歸附，仍予舊職。 雍正七年，改隸鎮安府。 八年，巡撫金鉷以土司岑佐不法狀題參，革職改流。 古百粵地。 宋置泗城州。 元屬田州路。 明隸思恩府。 洪武初，以岑善忠為知府，世襲。 傳至岑繼祿，清順治十五年，歸附，隨征滇、黔有功，改為泗城軍民府。 繼祿死，子齊岱襲。 齊岱傳子映宸。 雍正五年，映宸以罪參革，改設流官。
Guishun Prefecture had begun as a native dong settlement. Under the Yuan it belonged to Zhen'an Circuit. The Ming kept the arrangement. During Hongzhi it was elevated to a prefecture, with Cen Ying appointed hereditary prefect and placed under Si'en Prefecture. The line reached Cen Jigang, who submitted early in Shunzhi and kept his former post. In Yongzheng 7 it was transferred to Zhen'an Prefecture. In Yongzheng 8 Grand Coordinator Jin Hong reported Cen Zuo's misconduct, stripped him of office, and replaced native rule with regular officials. The region had been ancient Baiyue country. The Song created Sicheng Prefecture. Under the Yuan it belonged to Tianzhou Circuit. The Ming placed it under Si'en Prefecture. Early in Hongwu the court appointed Cen Shanzhong hereditary prefect. The succession reached Cen Jilu, who submitted in Shunzhi 15 and, for service in Yunnan and Guizhou, was elevated to Sicheng Military-Civilian Prefecture. After Jilu died, his son Qidai inherited the post. Qidai was succeeded by his son Yingchen. In Yongzheng 5 Yingchen was impeached and dismissed, and the court replaced native rule with regular officials.
21
下雷州。 元屬鎮安路。 明初，降為峒。 萬曆三十二年，許應珪以軍功復職。 傳至許文明，清順治初，歸附，仍襲舊職。
Xialei Prefecture: Under the Yuan it belonged to Zhen'an Circuit. Early in the Ming it was downgraded to a dong. In Wanli 32 Xu Yinggui regained the post for military service. The line reached Xu Wenming, who submitted early in Shunzhi and kept his hereditary post.
22
向武州。 宋置，隸橫山寨。 元隸田州路。 明初，以黃世威為知州。 傳至黃嘉正，清順治初，歸附，仍襲舊職。
Xiangwu Prefecture: The Song created it under Hengshan Stockade. Under the Yuan it belonged to Tianzhou Circuit. Early in the Ming the court appointed Huang Shiwei prefect. The succession reached Huang Jiazheng, who submitted early in Shunzhi and retained the hereditary post.
23
都康州。 宋置，隸橫山寨。 元屬田州路。 明隸思恩府，以馮斌為知州。 傳至馮太乙，清順治九年，歸附，仍襲舊職。 唐邕州也。 元，邕州路，泰定中，改南寧路。 明置南寧衛，後改府。 清因之。
Dukang Prefecture: The Song created it under Hengshan Stockade. Under the Yuan it belonged to Tianzhou Circuit. The Ming placed it under Si'en Prefecture and appointed Feng Bin prefect. The line reached Feng Taiyi, who submitted in Shunzhi 9 and kept the hereditary post. In Tang times the area had been Yong Prefecture. The Yuan organized it as Yongzhou Circuit, renamed Nanning Circuit in the Taiding era. The Ming set up Nanning Guard, later converted to a prefecture. The Qing kept the arrangement.
24
果化土州。 宋置。 元屬田州路。 明洪武二年，授土官趙榮為知州。 弘治中，改隸南寧。 傳至趙國鼎，清初，率眾歸附，仍襲舊職。
Guohua Native Prefecture: The Song created it. Under the Yuan it belonged to Tianzhou Circuit. In Hongwu 2 the Ming appointed the native officer Zhao Rong prefect. During Hongzhi it was transferred to Nanning. The succession reached Zhao Guoding, who led his people to submit at the Qing founding and kept the hereditary post.
25
歸德土州，在府西。 其先黃氏。 宋征交阯有功，建歸德州。 明洪武二年，以黃隍城為知州。 傳至黃道，清初，歸附，仍襲世職。
Guide Native Prefecture lay west of Nanning. The post had long belonged to the Huang clan. The Song rewarded their service against Jiaozhi by creating Guide Prefecture. In Hongwu 2 the Ming appointed Huang Huangcheng prefect. The line reached Huang Dao, who submitted at the Qing founding and retained the hereditary post.
26
忠州土州，在府西南一百九十里。 宋置。 明洪武二年，以黃威慶為土知州。 傳至黃光聖，清順治初，歸附，仍予世職。
Zhongzhou Native Prefecture stood one hundred ninety li southwest of Nanning. The Song created it. In Hongwu 2 the Ming appointed Huang Weiqing native prefect. The succession reached Huang Guangsheng, who submitted early in Shunzhi and kept the hereditary office.
27
遷隆峒，在府西南二百四十里。 明洪武元年，以黃威鋆為土官，以失印廢為峒，降巡檢。 傳至黃元吉，清初，歸附，仍予世職。 漢屬交阯。 唐為羈縻州。 宋平嶺南，置五寨，一曰太平，領州縣。 元置太平路。 明洪武二年，改為太平府。 清因之。
Qianlong dong lay two hundred forty li southwest of Nanning. In Hongwu 1 the Ming appointed Huang Weijun native officer, but after the seal was lost the post was reduced to a dong and then to a native inspector. The line reached Huang Yuanji, who submitted at the Qing founding and retained the hereditary post. Under the Han it fell within Jiaozhi. The Tang treated it as a jimi prefecture. After the Song pacified Lingnan, they set up five stockades, including Taiping, which governed surrounding prefectures and counties. The Yuan organized it as Taiping Circuit. In Hongwu 2 the Ming made it Taiping Prefecture. The Qing kept the arrangement.
28
太平州，在府西北。 明洪武二年，以李以忠為知州。 傳至李開錦，清順治十六年，歸附，仍予世職。
Taiping Prefecture lay northwest of Taiping fu. In Hongwu 2 the Ming appointed Li Yizhong prefect. The succession reached Li Kaijin, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and retained the hereditary post.
29
鎮遠州，在府東北。 舊名古隴。 宋置州。 元隸太平路。 明亦屬太平路。 明初，以趙昂升為知州。 傳至趙秉義，清順治十六年，歸附，仍予世職。
Zhenyuan Prefecture lay northeast of Taiping fu. It had formerly been called Gulong. The Song created the prefecture. Under the Yuan it belonged to Taiping Circuit. The Ming likewise placed it under Taiping Circuit. Early in the Ming the court promoted Zhao Ang to prefect. The line reached Zhao Bingyi, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and kept the hereditary office.
30
茗盈州，在府北。 宋置。 元屬太平路。 明初，以李鐵釘為知州。 傳至李應芳，清順治十六年，歸附，仍予世職。
Mingying Prefecture lay north of Taiping fu. The Song created it. Under the Yuan it belonged to Taiping Circuit. Early in the Ming the court appointed Li Tieding prefect. The succession reached Li Yingfang, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and retained the hereditary post.
31
安平州，舊名安山，在府西北。 唐置波州。 宋設安平州。 元隸太平路。 明洪武初，以李郭祐為知州，使守交阯各隘。 傳至李長亨，清順治十六年，歸附，仍准世襲。
Anping Prefecture, formerly Anshan, lay northwest of Taiping fu. The Tang set up Bo Prefecture there. The Song created Anping Prefecture. Under the Yuan it belonged to Taiping Circuit. Early in Hongwu the Ming appointed Li Guoyou prefect and charged him with guarding the passes toward Jiaozhi. The line reached Li Changheng, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and retained hereditary succession.
32
萬承州，在府東北，舊名萬陽。 唐置萬承、萬形二州。 宋省萬形隸太平寨。 元屬太平路。 明洪武初，以許郭安為知州。 傳至許嘉鎮，清順治十六年，歸附，仍予世職。
Wancheng Prefecture lay northeast of Taiping fu; it had formerly been called Wanyang. The Tang set up the prefectures of Wancheng and Wanxing. The Song abolished Wanxing and placed its territory under Taiping Stockade. Under the Yuan it belonged to Taiping Circuit. Early in Hongwu the Ming appointed Xu Guo'an prefect. The succession reached Xu Jiazhen, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and kept the hereditary post.
33
全茗州，在府北，舊名連岡。 宋置，隸邕州。 元屬太平路。 明洪武初，以許添慶為知州，給印。 傳至許家麟，清順治十六年，歸附，仍予世職。
Quanming Prefecture lay north of Taiping fu; it had formerly been called Liangang. The Song created it under Yong Prefecture. Under the Yuan it belonged to Taiping Circuit. Early in Hongwu the Ming appointed Xu Tianqing prefect and issued him a seal. The line reached Xu Jialin, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and retained the hereditary office.
34
結安州，在府東北，舊名營周。 宋置結安峒。 元改州，屬太平路。 明洪武元年，以張仕榮為知州。 傳至張邦興，清順治十六年，歸附，仍予世職。
Jie'an Prefecture lay northeast of Taiping fu; it had formerly been called Yingzhou. The Song set up Jie'an as a dong. The Yuan elevated it to a prefecture under Taiping Circuit. In Hongwu 1 the Ming appointed Zhang Shirong prefect. The succession reached Zhang Bangxing, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and retained the hereditary post.
35
龍英州，在府北，舊名英山。 宋為峒。 元改州，屬太平路。 明洪武二十二年，以趙世賢為知州，給印。 傳至趙廕昌，為族人繼祖所殺。 清順治十六年，歸附，誅繼祖。 廕昌無子，以邦顯子廷耀襲。
Longying Prefecture lay north of Taiping fu; it had formerly been called Yingshan. Under the Song it was a dong. The Yuan elevated it to a prefecture under Taiping Circuit. In Hongwu 22 the Ming appointed Zhao Shixian prefect and issued him a seal. The succession reached Zhao Yinchang, who was murdered by his kinsman Jizu. In Shunzhi 16 the court accepted submission and executed Jizu. As Yinchang had no heir, Bangxian's son Tingyao inherited the post.
36
佶倫州，在府東北，舊名邦兜。 宋置安峒，隸太平寨。 元改州，屬太平路。 明洪武二年，以馮萬傑為知州。 傳至馮嘉猷，清順治十六年，歸附，仍予世襲。
Jielun Prefecture lay northeast of Taiping fu; it had formerly been called Bangdou. The Song set up An as a dong under Taiping Stockade. The Yuan elevated it to a prefecture under Taiping Circuit. In Hongwu 2 the Ming appointed Feng Wanjie prefect. The line reached Feng Jiayou, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and kept hereditary succession.
37
都結州，在府東北。 元屬太平路。 明洪武三年，以農武高為知州。 傳至農廷封，清順治十六年，歸附，仍予世襲。
Dujie Prefecture lay northeast of Taiping fu. Under the Yuan it belonged to Taiping Circuit. In Hongwu 3 the Ming appointed Nong Wugao prefect. The succession reached Nong Tingfeng, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and retained hereditary succession.
38
上下凍州，在府西。 宋置凍州。 元分凍州為上凍、下凍二州。 明隸太平府，洪武元年，以趙帖從為知州。 傳至趙長亨，清順治十六年，歸附，仍予世襲。
Upper and Lower Dong Prefectures lay west of Taiping fu. The Song created Dong Prefecture. The Yuan split Dong into Upper Dong and Lower Dong prefectures. Under the Ming it belonged to Taiping Prefecture; in Hongwu 1 Zhao Tiecong was appointed prefect. The line reached Zhao Changheng, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and kept hereditary succession.
39
恩城州，在府西北。 唐置。 宋分上下恩城二州。 元屬太平路。 至正間並為一。 明洪武元年，以趙雄傑為知州。 傳至趙貴炫，清順治十六年，歸附，仍予世襲。
Encheng Prefecture lay northwest of Taiping fu. The Tang created it. The Song divided it into Upper and Lower Encheng. Under the Yuan it belonged to Taiping Circuit. In the Zhizheng era the two were reunited. In Hongwu 1 the Ming appointed Zhao Xiongjie prefect. The succession reached Zhao Guixuan, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and retained hereditary succession.
40
羅陽土縣，在府東，舊名福利。 宋置，隸遷隆寨。 元屬太平路。 明隸太平府，明初，以黃宣為知縣。 傳至黃啟祥，清順治十六年，歸附，仍予世襲。
Luoyang Native County lay east of Taiping fu; it had formerly been called Fuli. The Song created it under Qianlong Stockade. Under the Yuan it belonged to Taiping Circuit. Under the Ming it belonged to Taiping Prefecture; early in the dynasty Huang Xuan was appointed magistrate. The line reached Huang Qixiang, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and kept hereditary succession.
41
思陵州。 宋置州，隸永平寨。 元屬思明路。 明初，省入思明府，後復建，仍隸太平府； 洪武二十一年，以韋延壽為知州。 傳至韋懋選，清順治十六年，歸附，仍予世襲。
Siling Prefecture. The Song created the prefecture under Yongping Stockade. Under the Yuan it belonged to Siming Circuit. Early in the Ming it was absorbed into Siming Prefecture, then restored and again placed under Taiping Prefecture; and in Hongwu 21 Wei Yanshou was appointed prefect. The succession reached Wei Maoxuan, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and retained hereditary succession.
42
思明州。 唐置，屬邕州。 宋隸太平寨。 元改思明路。 明為府，洪武元年，以黃忽都為知府。 傳至黃戴乾，清順治十六年，歸附，仍予舊職。 黃觀珠襲。 以安馬、洞郎等五十村改流，隸南寧。 明降府為州，移治伯江哨。 雍正十年，五十村目怨觀珠，殺觀珠嬖人，欲因以謀不靖。 太平知府屠嘉正、新太協副將崔善元安定之。 觀珠以罪參革，改流。 又思明州與思明府本兩地，土官亦黃姓，於康熙五十八年改流。
Siming Prefecture. The Tang created it under Yong Prefecture. Under the Song it fell under Taiping Stockade. The Yuan organized it as Siming Circuit. The Ming elevated it to a fu; in Hongwu 1 Huang Hudu was appointed prefect. The line reached Huang Daiqian, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and kept his former post. Huang Guanzhu inherited the office. Fifty villages including Anma and Donglang were placed under regular officials and transferred to Nanning. The Ming downgraded the fu to a prefecture and moved the seat to Bojiang Stockade. In Yongzheng 10 the heads of the fifty villages, angry at Guanzhu, killed his favorite and tried to use the incident to stir rebellion. Taiping Prefect Tu Jiazheng and Assistant Regional Commander Cui Shanyuan of Xintai pacified the disturbance. Guanzhu was impeached and dismissed, and native rule was replaced with regular officials. Siming Prefecture and Siming fu had originally been separate territories, both ruled by Huang clansmen; both were converted to regular administration in Kangxi 58.
43
下石西州，在府西二百十里。 宋閉鴻為知州。 明初，仍給世襲。 傳至閉承恩，清初，歸附，仍襲舊職。
Lower Shixi Prefecture lay two hundred ten li west of the fu seat. Under the Song Bi Hong served as prefect. Early in the Ming the court again granted hereditary succession. The line reached Bi Chengen, who submitted at the Qing founding and kept the hereditary post.
44
上石西州。 明崇禎間，併入本府。 清雍正十二年，改隸明江同知。
Upper Shixi Prefecture. During Chongzhen it was merged into the parent prefecture. In Yongzheng 12 it was placed under the Mingjiang sub-prefect.
45
上龍司。 漢屬交阯。 唐置龍州。 宋隸邕州。 元大德中，改為萬戶府。 明初，屬太平。 洪武八年，改直隸州，尋改隸太平。 以土官趙帖堅襲知州，以流官吏目佐之。 其後事具明史。 傳至趙有涇，為庶兄有濤所殺。 有涇子國梁愬父冤，有濤逃入交阯。 清平廣西，更名趙祿奇，自交阯逃回歸附，仍予舊職。 死，傳子廷楠。 時國梁父冤既白，應襲，而廷楠拒之； 國梁復出奔，適雲南煽動，遂率賊兵破州城，殺廷楠。 未幾撲滅。 而廷楠無子，乃以庶支趙元基孫國桓襲。 傳子殿灴，雍正三年，以貪殘參革，析其地為上龍司、下龍司； 改設兩巡檢，平通判兼攝。 後改龍州廳。
Shanglong Department. Under the Han it fell within Jiaozhi. The Tang set up Long Prefecture. Under the Song it belonged to Yong Prefecture. In the Dade era the Yuan made it a myriarchate. Early in the Ming it belonged to Taiping. In Hongwu 8 it became a directly administered prefecture, then was soon placed back under Taiping. Zhao Tiejian inherited as native prefect, assisted by a regular clerk. Later events are recorded in full in the History of Ming. The succession reached Zhao Youjing, murdered by his younger half-brother Youtao. Youjing's son Guoliang petitioned to avenge his father, while Youtao fled to Jiaozhi. After the Qing pacified Guangxi, Youtao renamed himself Zhao Luqi, returned from Jiaozhi to submit, and was restored to his former post. When he died, his son Tingnan inherited the office. By then Guoliang's claim had been vindicated and he should have inherited, but Tingnan refused; Guoliang fled once more, and when unrest spread from Yunnan he led rebel forces against the prefectural seat and killed Tingnan. The revolt was soon crushed. As Tingnan left no heir, the post passed to Guohuan, grandson of a collateral descendant Zhao Yuanji. His son Dianhuo inherited, but in Yongzheng 3 was impeached for corruption and cruelty. The territory was split into Shanglong and Xialong departments; each with a native inspector, both overseen concurrently by the Ping sub-prefect. It was later reorganized as Longzhou Department.
46
憑祥州。 宋為憑祥峒，屬永平寨。 元隸思明路。 明洪武初，李升內附，置憑祥鎮。 永樂二年，置縣； 成化八年，升州，以升孫李廣寧為知州。 時又屬安南，仍歸明，屬太平府。 傳至李維籓，清順治十六年，歸附，仍予世襲。
Pingxiang Prefecture. Under the Song it was Pingxiang dong under Yongping Stockade. Under the Yuan it belonged to Siming Circuit. Early in Hongwu Li Sheng submitted and the court set up Pingxiang Garrison. In Yongle 2 it became a county; and in Chenghua 8 was elevated to a prefecture, with Sheng's grandson Li Guangning as prefect. Though it briefly fell under Annam, it returned to Ming control and was placed under Taiping Prefecture. The succession reached Li Weifan, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and retained hereditary succession.
47
江州。 宋置，屬古萬寨。 元隸思明路。 明因之，洪武初，以黃威慶為知州。 傳至黃廷傑，清順治十六年，歸附，仍襲舊職。 在省西。 宋時於鎮安峒建右江軍民宣撫司。 元改鎮安路。 明洪武元年，改府，授土官岑天保為知府。 清順治間，土官故絕，沈文崇叛據其地； 十八年，發兵撲滅之。 康熙二年，改置流官通判。 雍正十年，改知府。
Jiang Prefecture. The Song created it under Guwan Stockade. Under the Yuan it belonged to Siming Circuit. The Ming kept the arrangement; early in Hongwu Huang Weiqing was appointed prefect. The line reached Huang Tingjie, who submitted in Shunzhi 16 and kept the hereditary post. It lay west of the provincial seat. Under the Song a Youjiang Military-Civilian Pacification Commission was established at Zhen'an dong. The Yuan reorganized it as Zhen'an Circuit. In Hongwu 1 the Ming made it a fu and appointed the native officer Cen Tianbao prefect. During Shunzhi the native line died out and Shen Wenchong rebelled and seized the territory; and in Shunzhi 18 government forces crushed the rebellion. In Kangxi 2 the court appointed a regular sub-prefect. In Yongzheng 10 it was elevated to a regular prefecture.
48
都康州。 宋置，隸橫山寨。 元屬田州路。 明洪武三十二年，復置州。 永樂初，以馮斌為知州，隸思恩府。 傳至馮太一，清順治九年，歸附，襲舊職。 雍正七年，鎮安設府，改隸鎮安。
Dukang Prefecture. The Song created it under Hengshan Stockade. Under the Yuan it belonged to Tianzhou Circuit. In Hongwu 32 the Ming restored the prefecture. Early in Yongle the Ming appointed Feng Bin prefect and placed the territory under Si'en Prefecture. The succession reached Feng Taiyi, who submitted in Shunzhi 9 and inherited the hereditary post. In Yongzheng 7 Zhen'an was elevated to a fu, and Dukang was transferred to its jurisdiction.
49
上映峒。 宋置州。 明初，廢為峒，以許尚爵襲。 傳至許國泰，清順治初，歸附，仍予舊職。
Shangying dong. The Song created a prefecture there. Early in the Ming it was reduced to a dong, with Xu Shangjue succeeding hereditarily. The line reached Xu Guotai, who submitted early in Shunzhi and kept his former post.
50
湖潤寨。 宋時置州。 明初，廢州為寨，降巡檢司。 傳至宗熙，清順治九年，歸附，仍給巡檢司印，世襲。
Hurun Stockade. The Song established a prefecture there. Early in the Ming the prefecture was abolished and reduced to a stockade with a native inspector's office. The succession reached Zong Xi, who submitted in Shunzhi 9, received the inspector's seal again, and kept the hereditary office.