Volume 524 Biographies 311: Frontier Dependencies 7: Tannu Uriankhai, Altai Uriankhai, Altai Nuur Uriankhai

唐努烏梁海，在烏裏雅蘇台之北，東南土謝圖汗部，南賽音諾顏部，西阿勒泰烏梁海，西南扎薩克圖汗部，北俄羅斯。有總管五：曰唐努，曰薩拉吉克，曰托錦，曰庫布蘇庫勒諾爾，曰奇木奇克河。

Tannu Uriankhai lies north of Uliastai, bordered on the southeast by the Tüsheet Khan division, on the south by the Sayin Noyan Khan division, on the west by Altai Uriankhai, on the southwest by the Zasagtu Khan division, and on the north by Russia. It has five superintendents: Tannu, Sarajik, Tojin, Kubusukul Nuur, and Chimchik River.

康熙五十四年，扎薩克圖汗部和托輝特輔國公博貝隨大軍赴推河防準噶爾策妄阿拉布坦，言：「準噶爾不靖，恃烏梁海障之。乞往招，若抗即以兵取。扎薩克台吉濟納彌達阿裏雅及根敦羅卜藏克兵俱習戰，請與同往。」上韙其議，從之。九月，烏梁海頭目和羅爾邁率屬降。先是和羅爾邁居吹河，嘗以越界射獵為博貝縛獻，上宥其罪，諭還巢。至是將遣子瑚洛處納請降。博貝至，因遷其遊牧赴特斯。冬，和羅爾邁遁，博貝追至呼爾罕什巴爾，執之。五十九年，博貝擒烏梁海逃眾，晉貝勒。時從征西將軍祁裏德軍。六十年六月，議政王大臣議覆祁裏德，新收烏梁海二千五百三十名，應送至巴顏諾爾克地方居住，令車臣汗等旗分派兵三百名，並派台吉協同駐紮防守。雍正二年，諭曰：「朕詢貝勒博貝，管轄烏梁海何以資生。據奏在將軍祁裏德處借餉一萬八千餘兩，買牲分給，各得產業，今勝於昔。所有借項，自以貝勒俸逐年扣抵。朕思烏梁海俱朕之百姓，豈有朕之百姓而借餉於朕之理？所借銀兩，不必扣還。諭祁裏德知之。」三年，烏梁海和羅爾邁復遁，由阿哩克竄準噶爾界，博貝遣子額璘沁由托濟邀擒，而自赴克木克木齊克緝叛黨，誅之。

In the fifty-fourth year of Kangxi, Bobei, Assistant State Duke of the Khoto Torghut under the Zasagtu Khan division, marched with the main force to the Tui River to check the Dzungar leader Tsewang Arabtan. He said, "The Dzungars remain restless and depend on the Uriankhai as a barrier. I ask leave to go and win them over; if they resist, let us seize them by force. The Zasak taiji Jinamida Ariya and Gendun Lobzang's men are all seasoned fighters; I ask to take them with me." The emperor approved the plan and granted his request. In the ninth month the Uriankhai leader Galdan Ermai brought his people in to submit. Galdan Ermai had earlier lived on the Chui River. Once, after he crossed the border to hunt, Bobei seized him and sent him in; the emperor pardoned him and told him to return home. Now he was about to send his son Holochuna to offer surrender. When Bobei arrived, he moved their herds to Tes. That winter Galdan Ermai fled; Bobei chased him to Hurkhan Shibar and captured him. In the fifty-ninth year Bobei rounded up fleeing Uriankhai and was promoted to beile rank. At the time he was serving under Western Campaign General Qilide. In the sixth month of the sixtieth year the Council of Princes and Ministers replied to Qilide that the 2,530 Uriankhai just brought in should be settled at Bayan Nuur, with three hundred troops drawn from the Tsetsen Khan division and other banners and taiji sent to garrison the area jointly. In the second year of Yongzheng the emperor said, "I asked Beile Bobei how the Uriankhai under his charge make their living. He reported that he had borrowed more than eighteen thousand taels of provisions from General Qilide, bought livestock to distribute, and given each household a livelihood; they are now better off than before. The debt was to be repaid year by year from his beile stipend. I consider the Uriankhai all my people—how can my own subjects be made to borrow provisions from me? The silver borrowed need not be repaid. Qilide was informed accordingly." In the third year Galdan Ermai fled again, crossing through Alik into Dzungar lands. Bobei sent his son Elinqin to cut him off at Toji and take him, while he himself went to Kemkemchik to hunt down rebel bands and put them to death.

初額魯特與喀爾喀構兵時，錯處科布多、烏蘭固木。噶爾丹既滅，喀爾喀西境直抵阿勒泰，自唐努山陰之克木克木齊克至博木等處，皆博貝及來歸之額魯特貝淩旺布所屬烏梁海遊牧。四年，策旺阿拉布坦言克木克木齊克舊隸準噶爾，乞還，上不許，慮伺間略烏梁海，詔博貝率所部兵千，隨前鋒統領定壽駐唐努山陽特斯地方防護之。尋諭理籓院曰：「朕詳思克木克木齊克烏梁海皆博貝所屬，和羅爾邁既已就擒，交博貝撫恤，居之公所。但念此等人向在喀爾喀邊外林木中射獵為生，與準噶爾所屬烏梁海接壤，又與俄羅斯連界。宜令博貝等同大臣前往曉諭，令自為預備，以防不虞。」三月，命大臣一員帶布帛茶葉賞克木克木齊克地方烏梁海，並令揀老成服眾之人作為首領。

When the Oirats and Khalkha first fought, they were settled at Kobdo and Ulan Gumu by mistake. After Galdan's defeat the Khalkha western frontier ran to the Altai; from Kemkemchik on the northern slopes of the Tannu range to Bomu and beyond, all was Uriankhai pasture held by Bobei and the returned Oirat beile Lingwangbu. In the fourth year Tsewang Arabtan claimed Kemkemchik had once belonged to the Dzungars and asked for it back. The emperor refused, fearing he would seize a chance to harry the Uriankhai, and ordered Bobei to lead a thousand of his men with Vanguard Commander Ding Shou to garrison Tes on the southern slopes of the Tannu Mountains as a guard. Soon the Court of Colonial Affairs was told, "I have reflected that the Kemkemchik Uriankhai all belong to Bobei. Galdan Ermai is already in custody; let Bobei care for him and house him at the public lodge. But remember that they have always lived by hunting in the woods beyond the Khalkha frontier, that they border Dzungar Uriankhai lands, and that they also adjoin Russia. Bobei and the other ministers should go and instruct them to prepare on their own against any surprise." In the third month a minister was sent with cloth, silk, and tea to reward the Kemkemchik Uriankhai and to choose respected elders among them as leaders.

五年，額駙策淩等與俄羅斯訂約，自恰克圖、鄂爾輝圖兩間為界，所立之鄂博，迤西至肯哲馮達霍呢音嶺、克木克木齊克之博木、沙弼納嶺。循此山梁，由正中分中劃界，其兩邊各取五貂之烏梁海，仍令照舊各歸其主，彼此各徵一貂之烏梁海。自定界之日，將各取一貂之處停止。

In the fifth year the imperial son-in-law Tsewang Rabdan and others made a treaty with Russia. From between Kyakhta and Ergui the boundary markers ran west to Kenje Fengda Honin Ridge, Bomu at Kemkemchik, and Shibina Ridge. Along this ridge the border was split down the middle. Five-sable Uriankhai on each side were left to their former masters, while each side also exacted tribute of one-sable Uriankhai from the other. From the day the border was fixed, the mutual levy of one-sable Uriankhai was abolished.

乾隆十六年，以和托輝特扎薩克貝勒青袞咱卜縱所屬人私出汛界與準噶爾回眾貿易，致潛居烏梁海，奪貝勒，詔額璘沁襲其爵，定烏梁海出入汛界例。二十一年，青袞咱卜脅烏梁海叛，大兵至，皆棄去。二十五年，鑄唐努烏梁海總管印給之。嘉慶二年，烏裏雅蘇台參贊大臣額樂春以需索烏梁海奪職治罪。道光三年，定禁烏梁海與商民貿易例，以山西民人私向烏梁海買取羊只涉訟。二十四年六月，烏裏雅蘇台將軍桂輪劾總管垂敦紮布需索無厭，奪職。咸豐年，奏唐努烏梁海界址。

In the sixteenth year of Qianlong the Khoto Torghut Zasak Beile Chingunjab was stripped of his rank for letting his people cross the patrol line to trade with Dzungar Muslims and settle secretly among the Uriankhai. Elinqin was ordered to succeed him, and rules were set for Uriankhai movement across the patrol boundary. In the twenty-first year Chingunjab forced the Uriankhai into revolt; when the imperial army arrived, they all deserted him. In the twenty-fifth year a superintendent's seal for Tannu Uriankhai was cast and issued. In the second year of Jiaqing the Uliastai Participating Minister Elechun was dismissed and punished for extorting the Uriankhai. In the third year of Daoguang trade between the Uriankhai and Han merchants was banned after Shanxi traders' private purchases of sheep led to lawsuits. In the sixth month of the twenty-fourth year Uliastai General Guilun reported that Superintendent Chuidunjab's demands were endless, and he was removed from office. During the Xianfeng reign the boundaries of Tannu Uriankhai were reported to the throne.

十年，與俄國定界約，是部之沙賓達巴哈實為西疆劃界之第一地段。同治三年十一月，烏裏雅蘇台將軍明誼等奏：「唐努烏梁海遊牧內，俄使前開議單，載唐努鄂拉達巴哈即系唐努山嶺，自沙賓達巴哈界牌起，先往西，後往南。亦據該使呈繪圖志，有順薩彥山嶺至奎屯鄂博所有界限地名。我國舊存圖內雖無其地名，然據該使所指方向，續經庫倫辦事大臣文盛送雍正五年已定交界圖志，名目雖殊，界限大致相似。唐努烏梁海遊牧雖有被俄人包去之嫌，與西二盟遊牧無礙。明年立界時，俟與麟興、車林敦多布等妥商辦理。」四年八月，麟興等奏：「據委員岳嵩武稟報，與唐努烏梁海總管凡齊爾馳赴博果素克大壩履勘起，沿站按圖詳查，行至唐努鄂拉達巴哈，核與俄國所畫唐努鄂拉達巴哈邊界相符。除薩彥山因無路徑不能履勘，其唐努鄂拉達巴哈及邊境應分之珠嚕淖爾、塔斯啟勒山、哈喇塔蘇爾山、德布色克哈山數處，擇擬立界處所，繪會勘圖志呈閱。」時俄立界使臣以事不能至。九月，明誼等以軍務緊急，請緩約俄使立界。六年，俄人遂越界至總管邁達爾遊牧內烏克果勒地方建屋種地。總理各國事務衙門照會俄使，始由庫倫俄官行文令送之回國。是年，廷旨促麟興等建立西疆毗連俄境界牌鄂博。六月，專命榮全迅與俄官會立烏裏雅蘇台邊卡界牌鄂博。八年五月，榮全與俄使穆魯木策夫至是部西南之賽留格木山嶺會立牌博，於是月二十六日起行，順賽留格木嶺至是部西南邊境盡處之博果蘇克壩，立第一界牌鄂博，科城立牌博於南，俄國立牌博於西。由此向東北約八十里，名塔斯啟勒山，於山頂立第二牌博。又向東北約九十里，至珠嚕淖爾，俄使言只就珠嚕淖爾迤北數十里唐努山之察布齊雅壩止，建立鄂博，由此直向西北，統至沙賓達巴哈，路既便捷，尤易行走。榮全以俄使所指之路俱系是部遊牧內地，若照俄使所議，不惟與原圖大不相符，且將是部遊牧包去大半，向俄使反復開導，仍如原圖，於珠嚕淖爾東南之哈爾根山立第三牌博。順淖爾北岸約二十餘里，至唐努山南察布齊雅壩，立第四牌博。沿唐努山南，向西過莫多圖河、紮勒都倫河、烏爾圖河、察罕紮克蘇圖河，順哈喇塔蘇爾海山，至沙克魯河，轉向東北約二百五十餘里，至庫色爾壩，系是部西方邊界，立第五牌博。向西北九十餘里，至唐努鄂拉達巴哈末處，過哈喇河偏西山下楚拉察水流之處，立第六牌博。向北又東，順薩彥山過瑪納瑚河、蒙納克河、浩拉什河，由喀喇淖爾至蘇爾大壩，約一百五十里，立第七牌博。向北又東約三百六十餘里，山脈連貫，直至沙賓達巴哈，於舊牌博之東山頂上立第八牌博。照原圖至賽留格木山博果蘇克壩上，紅線以左為中國地，紅線以右為俄國地。至六月二十二日竣事，而是部阿勒泰河、阿穆哈河區域皆入於俄。

In the tenth year a border treaty was made with Russia; Sabin Daba in this region was the first sector where the western frontier was marked out. In the eleventh month of the third year of Tongzhi Uliastai General Mingyi and others reported, "Within Tannu Uriankhai grazing lands the Russian envoy's earlier negotiating paper says Tannu Ol Daba is the Tannu ridge; from the Sabin Daba marker the line runs west first, then south. The maps and gazetteers the envoy submitted also list boundary place-names from along the Sayan ridge to Kuitun oboo. Our older maps do not show these names, but following the route the envoy indicated, Urga Minister Wensheng later sent boundary maps from the fifth year of Yongzheng; the names differ, yet the lines largely match. Tannu Uriankhai pastures may look as if Russians could hem them in, but grazing in the two western leagues would not be affected. When the markers are set next year, the matter should be settled in consultation with Lin Xing, Cheren Dundob, and the others." In the eighth month of the fourth year Lin Xing and others reported that Commissioner Yue Songwu, starting from an on-site survey at Bogusuk Dam with Tannu Uriankhai Superintendent Fanqier and checking each station against the map, found Tannu Ol Daba matched the boundary Russia had drawn. Sayan Mountain could not be surveyed for lack of a trail. At Tannu Ol Daba and other points on the border to be divided—Zhuru Nuur, Tasqiler Mountain, Haratasur Mountain, and Debu Sekha Mountain—they chose sites for markers and submitted joint-survey maps." The Russian boundary commissioner could not come at that time. In the ninth month Mingyi and others, citing urgent military affairs, asked to postpone setting the boundary with the Russian envoy. In the sixth year Russians crossed the border into Superintendent Maidar's pastures at Ukgol and built houses and planted fields. The Zongli Yamen protested to the Russian envoy, and only then did the Russian official at Urga order them sent home. That year the court ordered Lin Xing and others to set up boundary markers along the western frontier adjoining Russia. In the sixth month Rongquan was ordered to meet Russian officials at once and set up Uliastai frontier boundary markers. In the fifth month of the eighth year Rongquan and Russian envoy Murumtsev met on this tribe's southwestern Saylugem ridge to set the first markers. They set out on the twenty-sixth, followed the ridge to Bogusuk Dam at the southwestern tip of the region, and erected the first marker, with Kobdo's to the south and Russia's to the west. About eighty li northeast, at Tasqiler Mountain, they set the second marker on the summit. Another ninety li northeast brought them to Zhuru Nuur. The Russian envoy proposed markers only as far north as Chabuqiya Dam on the Tannu range, then a straight line northwest to Sabin Daba—a route he called shorter and easier. Rongquan argued that the Russian route lay entirely within this tribe's pastures; accepting it would not only depart from the original map but would cut off most of their grazing. After repeated negotiations he followed the original map and set the third marker at Hargen Mountain southeast of Zhuru Nuur. Following the north shore of the lake for some twenty li, they set the fourth marker at Chabuqiya Dam on the southern slopes of the Tannu range. They followed the southern Tannu slopes west past the Modotu, Zhaladun, Wurtu, and Chahan Zhaksutu rivers, along Haratasur Sea Mountain to the Shakru River, then northeast some 250 li to Kusier Dam on this tribe's western frontier, where they set the fifth marker. Ninety li northwest they reached the end of Tannu Ol Daba and set the sixth marker west of the Hala River where the Chulacha stream runs below the mountain. Turning north and east along the Sayan range past the Manahu, Monak, and Haolashi rivers, from Kara Nuur to Sur Dam, about 150 li, they erected the seventh marker. Another 360 li north and east along the continuous ridges to Sabin Daba, they set the eighth marker on the eastern summit beside the old marker. Under the original map, from Bogusuk Dam on Saylugem Mountain, land left of the red line was Chinese and land to the right was Russian. The work was finished on the twenty-second of the sixth month, but the Altai River and Amuha River regions of this tribe had all fallen to Russia.

光緒五年，烏裏雅蘇台將軍以奇木齊克河總管報俄商在唐努烏梁海屬建蓋行棧數處，及春季以來，有俄人或三五十人或八九十人不等，在奇木齊克河北一帶中唐努山內刨挖金砂，例應禁止，咨總理各國事務衙門照會俄署使凱陽德轉飭邊官查禁。七年五月，烏裏雅蘇台將軍以俄人在薩爾魯克地方居住，紮立木棚十處，附近挖過金砂大小凡一百餘處，照會俄駐庫領事迅飭邊界官嚴禁。

In the fifth year of Guangxu the Uliastai General reported that the Chimchik River superintendent said Russian merchants had built several trading posts in Tannu Uriankhai territory and that since spring groups of thirty to ninety Russians had been panning gold inside the Tannu range north of the Chimchik River, all in violation of regulations. He asked the Zongli Yamen to protest to Acting Minister Keshande and have frontier officials stop it. In the fifth month of the seventh year the Uliastai General reported Russians living at Sarluq with ten wooden huts and more than a hundred gold pits nearby, and protested to the Russian consul at Urga to have frontier officials enforce the ban.

十四年四月，烏裏雅蘇台將軍杜嘎爾奏稱：「所轄唐努烏梁海屬地邊外自柏郭蘇克西北至沙賓達巴罕，中國設立界牌，每年夏季派員會同查閱。其嶺一東一南，至烏裏雅蘇台，即嶺之左，歸中國屬，載在條約。乃俄人竟於沙賓達巴罕以東，霍呢章達巴罕以西，唐努所屬爾裏黨、薩布塔爾、都不達果勒、車爾裏克、荊格等河岸地方，前經查驗過俄人挖金共四十五處，至今仍在薩布塔爾、車爾裏克兩處附近河岸開挖甚多。烏克、多倫兩河地方，俄人明固賴等任意開墾地畝，長一千三百餘廣尺，寬八百二十餘廣尺。俄人雅固爾等於薩拉塔木、博木、額奇布拉克、多倫、烏克、車爾裏克、托勒博、薩斯多克、密崗嚕勒、紮庫勒、哈達努額奇依斯克、木阿瑪、阿克河口、吉爾噶琥河口、吉爾紮拉克等十五處建蓋堅屋，南入我境至數百之多。本年派佐領榮昌等往烏梁海吉爾拉裏克地方會俄官辯論挖金、蓋房、種地各案，俄官一味支吾，執意不辦，應由總理各國事務衙門逐件查覆。」旋由總理事務衙門覆奏：「請飭將軍等詳勘界限，研究根由，援據約章，與俄酋竭力辯論。倘彼堅執，或應知照駐俄使臣，嚴請外部妥籌辦法，或即估給蓋房之費，令從速遷徙，由將軍等就近相機籌定，奏明辦理。」十月，祥麟等奏覆派吉玉等由烏梁海印務處於六月自廕木噶拉泰起程，履勘車爾裏克等處，往返兩月有餘，已將俄人在境內挖金、蓋房、種地三事詳細查明，繕單入告。命總理各國事務衙門照會俄使，將越界在唐努烏梁海挖金、蓋房、種地之背約俄人遷回本國。

In the fourth month of the fourteenth year Uliastai General Dugar reported, "On the outer border of Tannu Uriankhai under my jurisdiction, from northwest of Bogusuk to Sabin Dabahan, China has set boundary markers that are inspected jointly each summer. The ridge runs east and south toward Uliastai; territory to the left of the ridge belongs to China, as the treaty states. Yet Russians have been mining east of Sabin Dabahan and west of Honizhang Dabahan on Tannu riverbanks at Erlidang, Sabtar, Budabagor, Cherik, Jingge, and elsewhere. An earlier inspection found forty-five pits; digging near Sabtar and Cherik continues on a large scale. At the Wuke and Duolun rivers Russians including Mingulai have cleared fields more than 1,300 chang long and over 820 chang wide. Russians including Yagur have built sturdy houses at fifteen sites—Salatamu, Bomu, Eqibrak, Duolun, Wuke, Cherik, Tolebo, Sasidok, Miganglule, Zhakule, Hadanu Eqiyisk, Muama, the Ake River mouth, the Jiergahu River mouth, and Jierzhalak—several hundred of them pushing deep into Chinese territory. This year Assistant Commandant Rongchang and others were sent to Jierlalik in Uriankhai territory to negotiate with Russian officials over mining, building, and farming. The Russians only stalled and refused to act; the Zongli Yamen should investigate each case and report back." The Zongli Yamen soon replied, asking the generals to survey the boundary, trace the causes, cite the treaties, and press the Russians hard. If they remain obstinate, either notify our minister in Russia to demand a settlement from the foreign ministry, or estimate the cost of their buildings and pay them to leave at once, with the local generals to decide as circumstances require and report to the throne." In the tenth month Xianglin and others reported that Jiyu and others had left the Uriankhai seal office in the sixth month from Yinmugaltai, spent more than two months surveying Cherik and other places, and had fully documented Russian mining, building, and farming inside the border. The Zongli Yamen was ordered to demand that Russians who had crossed into Tannu Uriankhai to mine, build, and farm in violation of treaty be sent home.

二十五年八月，烏裏雅蘇台參贊大臣志銳以奇木齊克河總管請給印奏入，命連順察看情形，奏明辦理。尋覆奏，以「奇木齊克河與唐努總管相隔實在千里之外，中間橫亙賽音諾顏部之額魯特扎薩克貝子達克丹多爾濟所屬烏梁海，遇有齟<齒吾>，文報不通，凡事轉報總管，未能直達烏城。奇木齊克河實有二千一十三戶，丁口已幾萬人。唐努總管每年勒派各情，亦所恆有。其他毗連俄界，交涉事多。既，十蘇木連結懇求，是與唐努總管其心已離，兩不相下，倘有事故，亦難收拾。若將數十年仰希朝廷之恩，一旦下頒，必能自固籓籬，為我遮罩。況有東烏梁海請印在前，似難以不符體制為解，請仍賞給印信」。得旨，如所請。

In the eighth month of the twenty-fifth year Participating Minister Zhirui reported the Chimchik River superintendent's request for an official seal; Lianshun was told to investigate and report back. A follow-up memorial explained that Chimchik River and the Tannu superintendent are a thousand li apart, with the Uriankhai of Oirat Zasak Beizi Dakdan Dorji of the Sayin Noyan division in between. When disputes arise, messages cannot get through and everything must go through the Tannu superintendent rather than directly to Uliastai. Chimchik River has 2,013 households and nearly ten thousand registered males. The Tannu superintendent's annual exactions are also routine. It also borders Russia, and frontier affairs are frequent. The ten sumu have united in petition; they are already estranged from the Tannu superintendent and neither side will yield. If trouble breaks out, it will be hard to control. If the court's grace, long awaited, were granted at last, they would surely hold their own frontier and serve as a shield for us. Eastern Uriankhai already received a seal, so precedent makes it hard to refuse on grounds of regulations; we ask that a seal be granted." The request was approved.

二十六年，詔連順等備邊。時拳匪事起，中外人心惶惑。連順檄唐努烏梁海總管棍布多爾濟、薩拉吉克烏梁海總管巴勒錦呢瑪、托錦烏梁海總管淩魁、庫布蘇庫勒諾爾烏梁海總管克什克濟爾噶勒、奇木齊克河烏梁海總管海都布調兵練團，嚴密舉辦。棍布多爾濟等均能刻日成軍。復籌幫軍食，擇要加兵防守，善待俄商，毋生邊釁。二十八年十二月，連順等再請獎敘，疏入，予克什克濟爾噶勒二品頂戴，海都布二品花翎。是年，連順以「烏梁海向風沐化幾二百年，直與喀爾喀蒙古無異。我國商民仍守舊規，不敢違禁潛往貿易。至俄商之在烏梁海貿易者，不計其數，建蓋房屋，常年居住，每年收買鹿茸、狐、狼、水獺、猞猁猻、貂皮、灰鼠，為款甚钜，致烏梁海來烏城呈交貢皮時，竟至無貨可以貿易。惟有變通辦理，如在烏城貿易商民原赴烏梁海貿易者，准即報官前往，仍由將軍衙門照章酌給六個月限票，並嚴飭守卡官兵認真稽查，不准挾帶違禁之物」。允之。

In the twenty-sixth year Lianshun and others were ordered to ready the frontier defenses. The Boxer rising had begun, and Chinese and foreigners alike were uneasy. Lianshun ordered Tannu Uriankhai Superintendent Gunbodorji, Sarajik Superintendent Balejinima, Tojin Superintendent Lingkui, Kubusukul Nuur Superintendent Keshkjiergal, and Chimchik River Superintendent Haidubu to raise troops and drill militia without delay. Gunbodorji and the others each raised a force within days. He also arranged supplies for the troops, reinforced key posts, treated Russian merchants well, and warned against provoking border clashes. In the twelfth month of the twenty-eighth year Lianshun again asked for rewards; Keshkjiergal received a second-rank hat button and Haidubu a second-rank peacock feather. That year Lianshun wrote, "The Uriankhai have been under imperial civilization for nearly two hundred years and are scarcely different from the Khalkha Mongols. Our merchants still obey the old rules and dare not trade there in secret. Russian traders in Uriankhai territory are beyond counting. They build houses and live there year-round, buying up antlers, fox, wolf, otter, lynx, sable, and squirrel pelts in huge quantities, so that when Uriankhai come to Uliastai with tribute furs there is often nothing left to trade. The only remedy is flexibility: Uliastai merchants who used to trade in Uriankhai may register and go, with the general's office issuing six-month passes as regulations provide, while barrier garrison troops are ordered to inspect strictly and bar contraband." The proposal was approved.

宣統元年，烏裏雅蘇台將軍堃岫等以奇木齊克河總管海都布率奏本旗十蘇木公揀海都布長子達魯噶布音巴達爾琥辦事勤能，眾心傾服，請補總管，允之。

In the first year of Xuantong General Kunxiu reported that Chimchik River Superintendent Haidubu and the ten sumu elders recommended his eldest son Darugabuyin Badarhu as diligent and widely respected, and asked that he succeed as superintendent; the request was granted.

是部天和土腴，有灌溉之利，宜麥。有金、銅、石棉諸礦，林木亦富。達布遜山產石鹽，是部全境及科布多北部皆資之。唐努、薩拉吉克、托錦三總管各有佐領四，庫布蘇庫勒諾爾總管佐領二，奇木齊克河總管佐領十。薩拉吉克別名薩爾吉格，托錦別名陶吉，總管皆無印。庫布蘇庫勒諾爾別名庫蘇古淖爾，奇木齊克河別名肯木次克，有印。此外扎薩克圖汗部右翼右旗有五佐領：一在庫蘇古爾泊北，一在華克穆河東北，一在格德勒爾河西，一在謨什克河西，一在紮庫爾河源。賽音諾顏部額魯特貝子旗佐領十三，皆南依鄂爾噶汗山，西接阿勒泰淖爾烏梁海。哲布尊丹巴呼圖克圖徒眾所屬佐領三，西臨華克穆河。阿勒泰烏梁海，在科布多之西，東額魯特，東南紮哈沁及布勒罕河新土爾扈特、哈弼察克新和碩特，南和博克薩里舊土爾扈特，東北杜爾伯特，北阿勒泰淖爾烏梁海。分左右翼，左翼旗四，右翼旗三。

The region has a mild climate and rich soil, with irrigation suitable for wheat. It has gold, copper, asbestos, and other minerals, and abundant forests. Dabuxun Mountain yields rock salt that supplies this entire region and northern Kobdo. The Tannu, Sarajik, and Tojin superintendents each have four assistant commandants; Kubusukul Nuur has two; Chimchik River has ten. Sarajik is also known as Sargig and Tojin as Taoji; their superintendents hold no official seals. Kubusukul Nuur is also called Kusugu Nuur and Chimchik River as Kenmucik; these offices have seals. The Zasagtu Khan division's Right Wing Right Banner also has five assistant commandants: north of Lake Kusugur, northeast of the Khakmu River, west of the Gedeler River, west of the Moshik River, and at the Zhakur headwaters. The Sayin Noyan division's Oirat beizi banner has thirteen assistant commandants along the southern slopes of Mount Erge Khan, bordering Altai Nuur Uriankhai to the west. Three assistant commandants serve the Jebzundamba Khutuktu's followers along the Khakmu River to the west. Altai Uriankhai lies west of Kobdo, bordered on the east by the Oirats, on the southeast by the Zhakhachin and the Bulgan River New Torghut and Khobchak New Khoshut, on the south by the Hoboksar Old Torghut, on the northeast by the Dorbod, and on the north by Altai Nuur Uriankhai. They are organized in left and right wings, with four left-wing banners and three right-wing banners.

初屬準噶爾。乾隆十八年，喀爾喀扎薩克圖汗等台吉達什朋素克隨北路軍營參贊大臣薩喇爾擒私入科布多汛之烏梁海人紮木圖等。十九年正月，命薩喇爾等統兵征入卡之準噶爾屬烏梁海。釋北路軍營誘捕之烏梁海禡木特等，令回部落。二月，準噶爾烏梁海庫木來降。三月，命舒赫德赴卓克索地方會薩喇爾招撫烏梁海。尋以烏梁海徙牧額爾齊斯等地，令暫撤兵。是月，以收撫烏梁海，移北路軍營於烏裏雅蘇台。七月，賽音諾顏貝子車木楚克紮布暨班第、薩喇爾等擊烏梁海宰桑於察罕烏蘇，降之。十月，班第、薩喇爾進兵降阿勒泰居住之準噶爾烏梁海宰桑禡木特及通禡木特，收戶口千餘。復由阿勒泰赴索爾畢嶺，進至布林漢之察漢托輝額貝和碩地方，獲宰桑庫克新等。十一月，以收撫烏梁海，加和托輝特貝勒青袞咱卜郡王銜，編設烏梁海人戶旗分佐領，諭授宰桑車根、赤倫、察達克總管，命庫克新於額爾齊斯屯田。

They were originally subject to the Dzungars. In the eighteenth year of Qianlong the Khalkha Zasagtu Khan taiji Dashpensok, serving with Northern Route Participating Minister Salar, seized the Uriankhai Zhamutu and others who had crossed into the Kobdo patrol zone. In the first month of the nineteenth year Salar and others were ordered to campaign against Dzungar Uriankhai who had crossed the barrier line. The Northern Route command released the Uriankhai Mamut and others who had been lured into capture and sent them back to their tribes. In the second month the Dzungar Uriankhai leader Kumu submitted. In the third month Shuhede was sent to Zhuokeso to join Salar in pacifying the Uriankhai. The Uriankhai soon moved their herds to the Irtysh region, and the troops were ordered to withdraw for the time being. That month the Northern Route headquarters was moved to Uliastai as the Uriankhai submitted. In the seventh month Sayin Noyan beizi Chemchukjab, Bandi, Salar, and others defeated Uriankhai zaisang at Chahan Usu and accepted their surrender. In the tenth month Bandi and Salar subdued the Dzungar Uriankhai zaisang Mamut and Tongmamut living in the Altai, bringing in more than a thousand households. From the Altai they marched to Solbi Ridge and on to Chahan Tohui Ebe Khoshu in Bulghan, capturing zaisang Kukxin and others. In the eleventh month Chingunjab, Khoto Torghut beile, was raised to junwang for helping pacify the Uriankhai. Uriankhai households were organized into banners with assistant commandants; zaisang Chegen, Chilen, and Chadak were made superintendents; and Kukxin was ordered to farm on the Irtysh.

二十年正月，察達克等兵至華額爾齊斯河收穫包沁宰桑等。授察達克副都統，予烏梁海總管赤倫副都統銜，命招撫汗哈屯之烏梁海人眾。免烏梁海等貢賦一年。二月，編察達克、赤倫所屬烏梁海為佐領七。三月，烏梁海宰桑都塔齊以指示投順之人逃竄正法，命扎薩克圖汗部扎薩克台吉根敦等駐防海喇圖、科布多等處，管烏梁海遊牧，接收降人。四月，汗哈屯地方烏梁海歸順。五月，授歸順之烏梁海宰桑圖布新為總管。十月，以烏梁海出牲畜接濟哈達哈西進之軍，嘉賚之。二十一年三月，以阿逆煽動烏梁海，哈薩克道梗。詔哈達哈剿烏梁海叛賊。有固爾班和卓者，奇爾吉斯宰桑，攜千餘戶潛赴烏梁海，賽音諾顏郡王車布登紮布及車登三丕勒邀擒之。六月，青袞咱卜叛，誘新舊烏梁海附己。大兵至，皆來效順。十月，以新舊烏梁海等備兵請討青袞咱卜，嘉賚之，授察達克內大臣。

In the first month of the twentieth year Chadak's forces reached the upper Irtysh and captured the Baoxin zaisang and others. Chadak was made vice commander-in-chief and Uriankhai superintendent Chilen received the same rank, with orders to win over the Uriankhai of Khan Hatun. Uriankhai tribute and levies were waived for one year. In the second month the Uriankhai under Chadak and Chilen were organized into seven assistant commandant districts. In the third month Uriankhai zaisang Dutachi was executed for letting submitted people he had guided escape. Zasak taiji Gendun of the Zasagtu Khan division and others were posted at Hailatu, Kobdo, and elsewhere to oversee Uriankhai pastures and receive defectors. In the fourth month the Uriankhai of Khan Hatun submitted. In the fifth month the submitting Uriankhai zaisang Tubxin was made superintendent. In the tenth month the Uriankhai were rewarded for supplying livestock to Hadaha's army marching west. In the third month of the twenty-first year the rebel stirred up the Uriankhai and blocked the Kazakh trade route. Hadaha was ordered to suppress the rebel Uriankhai. A Kirghiz zaisang named Gurban Khoja slipped into Uriankhai lands with more than a thousand households; Sayin Noyan junwang Chebudenjab and Cheden Sanbil intercepted and captured him. In the sixth month Chingunjab rebelled and tried to win both the new and old Uriankhai to his side. When the imperial army arrived, they all submitted. In the tenth month the new and old Uriankhai were rewarded for raising troops to fight Chingunjab, and Chadak was made grand minister of the interior.

二十二年二月，命察達克等防範准部叛賊達什車淩等逃入烏梁海。四月，以額魯特叛賊車布登多爾濟屬人分給察達克等。論察達克等俘輝特賊人功，予其子侍衛賚圖布慎、赤倫、洪郭爾等緞茶各有差。九月，命車布登紮布等防範阿逆等擾烏梁海。十月，以阿勒泰淖爾烏梁海內附，諭授官加賞，定察達克所屬烏梁海每戶歲納二貂，給俸如內地官吏之半。十一月，命烏梁海、紮哈沁人等歸還馬駝。烏梁海博和勒復降，仍授總管。二十三年二月，歸併烏梁海管轄人戶編入之，允新舊烏梁海均於烏蘭固木種地，於吹河、勒和碩等處遊牧。尋命移科布多烏梁海徙就阿爾泰山陽。二十四年三月，仍命郡王車布登紮布總理烏梁海事。八月，烏梁海副都統莫尼紮布等招降鄂爾楚克人戶，附入烏梁海大臣管轄，授官有差。是年，定阿爾泰山之南額爾齊斯為是部牧地。十二月，以哈薩克人掠烏梁海，諭察達克等防剿。二十五年四月，以收撫烏梁海原任總管阿喇逃散屬人交察達克等兼管。烏梁海總管紮布罕疏脫賊犯，上以年幼宥之，命察達克派員協同辦事。

In the second month of the twenty-second year Chadak and others were ordered to block Dzungar rebels such as Tsewang Rabdan from fleeing into Uriankhai lands. In the fourth month the followers of the Oirat rebel Chebuden Dorji were assigned to Chadak and others. Chadak and others were rewarded for capturing Khoit rebels; his son the bodyguard Baichubushen, Chilen, Hongguor, and others received silk and tea in varying amounts. In the ninth month Chebudenjab and others were ordered to guard the Uriankhai against the rebel and his followers. In the tenth month Altai Nuur Uriankhai submitted; offices and rewards were granted, Chadak's Uriankhai were set at two sables per household per year, and salaries at half the rate of interior officials. In the eleventh month the Uriankhai, Zhakhachin, and others were ordered to return horses and camels. Uriankhai leader Bohele submitted again and was reappointed superintendent. In the second month of the twenty-third year Uriankhai households were merged and enrolled; both new and old Uriankhai were allowed to farm at Ulan Gumu and graze along the Chui River, Leheshuo, and elsewhere. Soon the Kobdo Uriankhai were ordered to move to the southern slopes of the Altai. In the third month of the twenty-fourth year Junwang Chebudenjab was again put in charge of Uriankhai affairs. In the eighth month Uriankhai vice commander Monijab and others won over Ertchuk households, placed them under Uriankhai ministerial jurisdiction, and granted offices in varying ranks. That year the Irtysh south of the Altai was assigned as this tribe's pasture. In the twelfth month Chadak and others were ordered to guard against Kazakh raids on the Uriankhai. In the fourth month of the twenty-fifth year the scattered followers of former superintendent Ala were placed under Chadak and others for joint administration. Superintendent Zabukhan let bandits escape through negligence; the emperor pardoned him for his youth and ordered Chadak to send men to assist him.

二十六年七月，禁烏梁海私向哈薩克貿易。二十七年三月，允展烏梁海卡坐。九月，嚴禁阿勒泰烏梁海竊取哈薩克馬匹。十月，以前經內附續逃入俄羅斯之烏梁海庫克新假我烏梁海名劫掠哈薩克，命察達克等領兵捕治之。十二月，鑄烏梁海左、右翼總管印，分給察達克、圖克慎，銷原領阿勒泰烏梁海總管印。二十八年正月，庫克新就擒，戮之，以招撫人戶給察達克等分轄。三十八年十二月，以新土爾扈特郡王舍楞與是部散秩大臣烏爾圖那遜為婚，諭烏梁海緊接俄羅斯，瑚圖靈阿等嗣後詳為留意。四十九年六月，給阿勒泰台站內大臣察達克轄烏梁海官兵協濟銀兩。

In the seventh month of the twenty-sixth year private trade between the Uriankhai and Kazakhs was banned. In the third month of the twenty-seventh year the expansion of Uriankhai barrier posts was approved. In the ninth month Altai Uriankhai were strictly forbidden to steal Kazakh horses. In the tenth month Kukxin, a Uriankhai who had submitted but fled to Russia, was raiding Kazakhs in China's name; Chadak and others were ordered to capture him. In the twelfth month seals for the left- and right-wing Uriankhai superintendents were cast for Chadak and Tukushen, and the old Altai Uriankhai superintendent seal was withdrawn. In the first month of the twenty-eighth year Kukxin was captured and executed; the households he had won over were divided among Chadak and others. In the twelfth month of the thirty-eighth year New Torghut junwang Sheleng married this tribe's minister without regular rank Wurtunason; officials were warned that the Uriankhai border Russia closely and Hutuling'a and others must watch the frontier carefully hereafter. In the sixth month of the forty-ninth year aid silver was granted to the Uriankhai troops under Altai station minister Chadak.

道光十八年，以哈薩克潛闌入阿勒泰烏梁海，命烏裏雅蘇台參贊大臣車林多爾濟領蒙兵逐之。科布多參贊大臣毓書遣科布多主事職銜哈楚暹領兵逐入烏梁海之哈薩克依滿等於烏裏雅蘇台。八月，追敗之于沙拉布拉克。九月，又逐再入烏梁海之哈薩克，使過於庫克伸阿林，予獎。十一月，車林多爾濟奏前入烏梁海土爾扈特之哈薩克驅逐已淨，獲十餘人釋之。十二月，予烏梁海副都統車伯克達什等花翎，以論驅逐潛入遊牧哈薩克勞。十九年四月，哈薩克復入烏梁海，命車林多爾濟復調兵逐之。八月，以阿勒泰烏梁海右翼散秩大臣達什濟克巴調營未到，嚴議。予驅逐哈薩克妥速之阿勒泰左翼散秩大臣達爾瑪阿紮拉頭品頂戴，仍下部優敘。二十二年，科布多參贊大臣固慶奏：「達爾瑪阿紮拉時常稱疾偷安，不善撫馭。所任散秩大臣管烏梁海四旗事務煩，遊牧遼闊，且與俄羅斯接壤，責任綦重，請令離任，以參領唐嘎祿署之。」

In the eighteenth year of Daoguang Kazakhs crossed secretly into Altai Uriankhai; Uliastai Participating Minister Cheren Dorji was ordered to drive them out with Mongol troops. Kobdo Participating Minister Yushu sent director-rank Hachuxian to drive the Kazakhs Yiman and others who had entered Uriankhai lands toward Uliastai. In the eighth month they were pursued and defeated at Shalaburak. In the ninth month Kazakhs who entered Uriankhai again were driven beyond Kukshin Alin and the officers were rewarded. In the eleventh month Cheren Dorji reported that the Kazakhs who had entered Torghut Uriankhai lands were fully driven out; more than ten captives were released. In the twelfth month Uriankhai vice commander Chebokedash and others received peacock feathers for driving off Kazakhs who had slipped into the pastures. In the fourth month of the nineteenth year Kazakhs entered Uriankhai again; Cheren Dorji was again ordered to drive them out. In the eighth month Altai Uriankhai Right Wing minister Dashjikba was severely censured for failing to report when troops were mobilized. Altai Left Wing minister Darmazhala, who had promptly driven out the Kazakhs, received a first-rank hat button and was to receive further commendation. In the twenty-second year Kobdo Participating Minister Guqing reported, "Darmazhala constantly pleads illness to avoid duty and governs poorly. His post oversees four Uriankhai banners across vast pastures bordering Russia—a weighty responsibility. We ask that he be removed and commandant Tanggalu act in his stead."

咸豐十年，與俄羅斯定西疆界約。同治三年八月，科布多參贊大臣廣鳳等奏：「卡倫以內阿勒泰烏梁海境內奇林河等地方十七處，有哈薩克公阿吉屬下之哈濟克居住。當分界未終之際，未便一旦驅逐。倘分界後，萬不得已必須內遷，宜由塔爾巴哈台參贊大臣酌擇地方安置。」十一月，俄人闌入是部庫什業莫多及塔布圖地方滋擾。明誼照會俄悉畢爾總督，先為查辦來我邊卡滋事官兵，俟明年兩國立界大臣會同建立牌博後，再派兵駐守。四年，以伊、塔諸城回變，命設烏梁海台站，遞送科城至塔城文報軍餉。十二月，塔爾巴哈台參贊大臣錫霖劾廣鳳裁撤烏梁海台站，致文報軍餉阻滯。諭廣鳳等議處，仍令復設。五年五月，塔爾巴哈台失守，領隊大臣圖庫爾領額魯特兵移至是部。

In the tenth year of Xianfeng a western frontier treaty was concluded with Russia. In the eighth month of the third year of Tongzhi Kobdo Participating Minister Guangfeng reported that Khazaks under Prince Aji were living at seventeen places within the barrier line in Altai Uriankhai territory, including the Qilin River region. While the border has not yet been fixed, they cannot be expelled all at once. If relocation proves unavoidable after demarcation, the Tarbagatai Participating Minister should choose a site for them." In the eleventh month Russians crossed into this tribe's Kushiyamodo and Tabutu regions and caused trouble. Mingyi protested to the Russian Siberian governor to investigate troops who had caused trouble at the barrier posts and to station troops only after boundary commissioners from both countries set markers the following year. In the fourth year, because of Muslim rebellions in Ili and Tarbagatai, Uriankhai courier stations were set up to relay dispatches and supplies from Kobdo to Tacheng. In the twelfth month Tarbagatai Participating Minister Xilin impeached Guangfeng for abolishing the Uriankhai courier stations and blocking dispatches and supplies. Guangfeng and others were ordered disciplined and told to restore the stations. In the fifth month of the fifth year Tarbagatai fell; Brigade Commander Tukur moved his Oirat troops into this region.

七年三月，命奎昌會同俄官建立科布多毗連俄境界牌鄂博。九月，奎昌等以俄使未到，奏俟明年會辦立界。八年，奎昌與俄立界使臣巴布闊福勘明自科布多東北邊界賽留格木山適中之布果素克達巴哈起，向西南順賽留格木山至奎屯鄂拉，往西沿大阿爾泰山至海留圖兩河之山；轉往南，順是山直至察奇勒莫斯鄂拉；轉往東南，沿齋桑淖爾之邊，循喀喇額爾齊斯河岸，至瑪尼圖噶圖勒幹卡倫，分為兩國交界。建牌博凡二十：首曰布果素克達巴哈，次曰杜爾伯特達巴哈，曰塔布圖達巴哈，曰博勒齊爾，曰察幹布林哈蘇，曰烏蘭達巴哈，曰巴哈那斯達巴哈，曰薩爾那開，曰巴爾哈斯達巴哈，曰拜巴爾塔達巴哈，曰庫爾楚木，曰特勒克梯，曰固洛木拜，曰薩拉陶，曰薩勒欽車庫，曰特勒斯愛哩克，曰鄂裏雅布拉克，曰奇音克裏什，曰察奇勒莫斯，末曰瑪呢圖噶圖勒幹。自五月二十五日至七月三日竣事。十月，命棍噶紮拉參赴阿爾泰山收集徒眾，妥辦安插事宜，並免是部本年例貢貂皮。其後伊犁索倫營兵移至阿爾泰山，與塔城額魯特兵皆由棍噶紮拉參暫統之。十年，署伊犁將軍榮全奏，以由科布多屬紮哈沁五台以西至霍博克薩里一、二千里，非就地設台，後路必斷。令烏梁海章蓋等於西翼設察罕通格、托克鄂博、德格圖阿滿三台，於東翼設多魯圖阿滿、額爾奇賽罕、烏裏雅斯三台。自是為科、塔兩城孔道。十一年，調棍噶紮拉參所部索倫、額魯特兵赴塔城。

In the third month of the seventh year Kuichang was ordered to set up Kobdo boundary markers with Russian officials along the Russian border. In the ninth month Kuichang reported that the Russian envoy had not come and asked to wait until the following year to set the boundary jointly. In the eighth year Kuichang and Russian boundary commissioner Babukuofo surveyed the line from Bogusuk Dabaha on the northeastern Kobdo frontier, southwest along Saylugem Mountain to Kuitun Ola, then west along the Great Altai to the mountains between the two Hailiutu rivers; turning south along that range to Chaqirmos Ola; then southeast along Lake Zaisan, following the Kara Irtysh to the Manitu Gatulegan barrier post, where the border between the two countries was fixed. Twenty markers were set: Bogusuk Dabaha first, then Dorbod Dabaha, Tabutu Dabaha, Boleqier, Chagan Bulinhasu, Ulan Dabaha, Bahanas Dabaha, Sarnakai, Barhas Dabaha, Baibarta Dabaha, Kurchumu, Teleketi, Guoluomubai, Salatao, Saleqin Cheku, Teles Ailike, Eriyaburak, Qiyinkirish, Chaqirmos, and finally Manitu Gatulegan. The work was completed between the twenty-fifth of the fifth month and the third of the seventh month. In the tenth month Gunggazhalcan was sent to the Altai to gather followers and arrange resettlement; this tribe's annual sable tribute for the year was waived. Later Ili Solon troops and Tacheng Oirat forces were moved to the Altai and placed temporarily under Gunggazhalcan's command. In the tenth year Acting Ili General Rongquan reported that the thousand-li stretch from west of Kobdo's five Zhakhachin stations to Hoboksar required courier posts on the spot or the supply line would be cut. Uriankhai zhanggai were ordered to establish three stations on the west wing—Chahan Tongge, Tok Oboo, and Degtu Aman—and three on the east—Dorutu Aman, Erqi Saihan, and Uriyas. This became the main route between Kobdo and Tacheng. In the eleventh year Gunggazhalcan's Solon and Oirat troops were transferred to Tacheng.

十二年十一月，回匪竄新土爾扈特之布林根河，擾是部境，台站官兵紛紛逃散。烏魯木齊領隊大臣錫綸率所部民勇自阿爾泰山南移營烏龍古河南岸，追至霍博克河下游，擊破之。匪竄綏來縣北境，科布多參贊大臣保英等飭烏梁海速將軍台移回原處安設。

In the eleventh month of the twelfth year Muslim rebels slipped into the New Torghut Bulgan River region, raided this tribe's border, and courier-station troops fled in disorder. Urumqi Brigade Commander Xilun led his militia from south of the Altai to the south bank of the Wulungu River, pursued the rebels to the lower Hobok River, and defeated them. The rebels fled to northern Suilai County; Kobdo Participating Minister Baoying ordered the Uriankhai to restore the military courier stations to their original sites at once.

光緒七年七月，以棍噶紮拉參在烏梁海達彥地方收撫哈薩克，擅殺頭目柯伯史之子，諭錫綸飭棍噶紮拉參即回籍。八年，俄人議重劃科、塔中俄之界，欲占哈巴河一帶。科布多參贊大臣清泰等奏：「俄人數百名突至哈巴河。查新條約內，奎峒山即阿爾泰山。任其勘改，實有關礙。」八月，阿勒泰左翼散秩大臣等復呈清泰等以「前次界劃烏梁海西北境侵佔已多，此次若再占哈巴河，蒙民無地自容，誓死不能退讓」。諭清安、額爾慶額會商金順、升泰妥籌。九年，額爾慶額偕參贊大臣升泰先期馳赴塞上，察邊塞沖要，辨山川主名。以棄哈巴河、奎峒山二要地烏梁海、哈薩克之眾均無所依，與俄官抗爭，相持兼旬，改以哈巴河以西阿拉喀別河為界，得展地百三十餘里，分道安設新界牌博。既竣事，額爾慶額又繞北山道大彥淖爾安插烏梁海兩翼部落，以和裏木圖河、雅瑪圖、喲洛圖、西裏布拉克為夏季遊牧，以罕達蓋圖河、塔里雅圖、青格裏河、烏龍古河為冬季遊牧，而哈巴河仍由塔城置戍。以金順奏，諭阿爾泰山烏梁海屬一帶遊牧地方，請飭棍噶紮拉參交回安插蒙民。十二年七月，以沙克都爾紮布等奏，復催棍噶紮拉參將徒眾仍回塔城。十三年，諭劉錦棠等於新疆擇安插棍噶紮拉參之地。十五年二月，劉錦棠奏移棍噶紮拉參徒眾於庫爾喀喇烏蘇屬之八英溝，讓還科布多借地。承化寺就近所招徒眾，聽留居其寺哈巴河一帶。塔城自借地以來，即已派兵駐守，未便委去，俾俄人得乘便南下，從之。十八年六月，沙克都爾紮布、額爾慶額、魁福會勘，奏哈巴河借地暫難歸還，以塔城兩次分界後，蒙、哈不敷分住，請將借地展緩三年交割。烏梁海困苦，擬令塔城哈薩克酌給牲畜，並籌安插逃戶，派兵駐守，允之。其後科城屢請收回哈巴河，塔城爭之，迄未決。

In the seventh month of the seventh year of Guangxu Gunggazhalcan, while winning over Kazakhs at Dayan in Uriankhai territory, killed chief Keboshi's son without authorization; Xilun was ordered to send him home at once. In the eighth year Russia proposed redrawing the Kobdo and Tacheng border and sought to occupy the Kaba River region. Kobdo Participating Minister Qingtai reported that several hundred Russians had suddenly arrived at the Kaba River. The new treaty identifies Kuitong Mountain as the Altai range. Allowing them to resurvey the line would do real harm." In the eighth month Altai Left Wing ministers reported to Qingtai that the previous border had already taken much Uriankhai northwestern territory; if the Kaba River were lost as well, the Mongols would have nowhere to live and swore they could not yield. Qing'an and Erqing'e were told to consult Jinshun and Sheng Tai on how to proceed. In the ninth year Erqing'e and Participating Minister Sheng Tai went ahead to the frontier, surveyed strategic border points, and verified the principal mountain and river names. Fearing that losing the Kaba River and Kuitong Mountain would leave Uriankhai and Kazakhs homeless, they argued with Russian officials for over ten days. The border was redrawn at the Alakhbiek River west of the Kaba River, gaining more than 130 li, and new markers were erected. When finished, Erqing'e resettled both Uriankhai wings at Dayan Nuur by the northern route, assigning summer pastures along the Helimutu, Yamatu, Yaoluotu, and Xilibulak rivers and winter pastures along the Handagaitu, Taliyatu, Qingge, and Wulungu rivers, while Tacheng kept a garrison on the Kaba River. On Jinshun's memorial, Gunggazhalcan was ordered to return the Altai Uriankhai pasturelands and resettle the Mongols there. In the seventh month of the twelfth year Shakduerjab and others again urged Gunggazhalcan to move his followers back to Tacheng. In the thirteenth year Liu Jintang was told to find a site in Xinjiang for Gunggazhalcan's resettlement. In the second month of the fifteenth year Liu Jintang reported moving Gunggazhalcan's followers to Bayingou in Kurkara Usu and returning the land borrowed from Kobdo. Disciples recruited near Chenghua Temple were allowed to remain in the Kaba River region. Tacheng had garrisoned the borrowed land from the start and could not withdraw lest Russia push south; the request was granted. In the sixth month of the eighteenth year Shakduerjab, Erqing'e, and Kuifu reported that the borrowed Kaba River land could not yet be returned because Mongols and Kazakhs lacked room after Tacheng's two border settlements, and asked for a three-year extension. The Uriankhai were destitute; Tacheng Kazakhs were to provide livestock, refugee households were to be resettled, and troops stationed; the plan was approved. Kobdo repeatedly asked for the Kaba River back; Tacheng resisted, and the dispute was never settled.

二十六年，邊防戒嚴，參贊大臣瑞洵檄烏梁海每旗挑兵二百名，半馬牛步，駐防本旗。事定，撤之。以烏梁海各旗保護俄商貨物，安全遊牧，一再請獎。二十九年閏五月，予烏梁海左右翼散秩大臣額爾克、舒諾三音博勒克均頭品頂戴，左翼總管倭齊爾紮布、桑敦紮布、右翼總管棍布紮布、瓦齊爾紮布均二品頂戴，左翼副都統察罕博勒克亦予獎。二十九年，塔城以哈巴城地交還科城。三十年五月，改設科布多辦事大臣駐阿爾泰山，以錫恆為之，仍駐承化寺。三十二年七月，定阿勒泰練陸軍馬隊一標、砲隊一營，設哈巴河防營委員，及沙紮蓋台至承化寺馬撥十六處，每處設蒙古馬兵五名，馬十匹。開辦承化寺、庫克、呼布克木、哈巴河四處屯牧，建城署房屋，撥常年經費十三萬兩，開辦經費三十一萬兩有奇。十二月，是部七旗劃隸阿勒泰。三十四年四月，錫恆奏停辦布倫托海上渠，下渠距水較近，擬再試種一年，克木奇官屯暫撥民辦。宣統三年二月，署辦事大臣延年奏開距承化寺七十里之紅墩渠，安插農民。下部知之。

In the twenty-sixth year the frontier was militarized; Participating Minister Ruixun ordered each Uriankhai banner to raise two hundred men, half mounted and half on foot, to garrison its territory. When the crisis passed, they were withdrawn. The Uriankhai banners were repeatedly commended for protecting Russian trade goods and keeping the pastures secure. In the intercalary fifth month of the twenty-ninth year ministers Erke and Shunu Sanyin Bolek received first-rank hat buttons; superintendents Woqierjab, Sundunjab, Gunbujab, and Wazirjab received second-rank buttons; and vice commander Chahan Bolek was also rewarded. In the twenty-ninth year Tacheng returned the Kaba region to Kobdo. In the fifth month of the thirtieth year a Kobdo Resident Minister was posted to the Altai with Xiheng in the post, still based at Chenghua Temple. In the seventh month of the thirty-second year Altai was assigned one cavalry battalion and one artillery company, a Kaba River defense commissioner was appointed, and sixteen relay posts from Shazhagaitai to Chenghua Temple were established with five Mongol cavalrymen and ten horses each. Colonization was opened at Chenghua Temple, Kuke, Hobukemu, and the Kaba River; government buildings were erected with 130,000 taels in annual funds and over 310,000 taels in startup capital. In the twelfth month this tribe's seven banners were placed under Altai administration. In the fourth month of the thirty-fourth year Xiheng reported suspending the upper Burultoqai canal, trying the lower canal for another year of planting, and temporarily turning the Kemuchi official farm over to civilians. In the second month of the third year of Xuantong Acting Resident Minister Yannian proposed opening the Hongdun canal seventy li from Chenghua Temple to settle farmers. The ministries were notified.

地兼耕牧，有礦，有鹽。是部有佐領七，副都統暨左右翼散秩大臣均兼一旗總管。卡倫自再劃界後，南起右翼散秩大臣旗之阿拉克別克，而北曰阿克塔斯，又東北曰克雜那阿斯，曰薩斯，曰呼吉爾圖布拉克，曰烏松呼吉爾圖，轉東曰胡布蘇，訖羅蓋布，東北至左翼散秩大臣旗之霍洞淖爾止，凡八卡倫。山之著者：西吉克圖山、荄拉圖山、霍穆達山、哈喇溫爾常山。水之著者：察罕西魯河、薩格賽河、薩克布多河、青格裏河、額爾齊斯河。阿勒泰淖爾烏梁海，在科布多之西北，東唐努烏梁海，南阿勒泰烏梁海，西與北均俄羅斯。

The land supports farming and grazing, with mines and salt deposits. This tribe has seven assistant commandants; the vice commander and the left and right wing ministers each also serve as superintendent of one banner. After redemarcation there were eight barrier posts from Alakhbiek in the right wing southward to Aktas, then northeast through Kezina'asi, Sas, Hujirtu Burak, Usun Hujirtu, east to Hubusu and Luogaibu, ending at Huodong Nuor in the left wing. Notable mountains include Xijiketu, Gailatu, Homuda, and Halawen'erchang. Notable rivers include the Chahan Xilu, Sagesai, Sakbudo, Qingge, and Irtysh. Altai Nuur Uriankhai lies northwest of Kobdo, bordered on the east by Tannu Uriankhai, on the south by Altai Uriankhai, and on the west and north by Russia.

初屬準噶爾。乾隆二十二年九月，賽音諾顏扎薩克貝勒車木楚克劄布招撫阿爾泰山烏梁海。有特勒伯克扎爾納克者，阿勒泰淖爾之烏梁海宰桑，攜屬至。詔車木楚克紮布定貢賞例，宣示德意。十二月，授阿勒泰淖爾烏梁海宰桑特勒伯克等為總管。二十三年秋，烏梁海總管阿拉善、恩克等叛，車木楚克紮布剿阿拉善等，就擒。恩兄竄哈屯河，冬，擒之。尋定是部為二旗，各設總管一，歲貢貉皮如例，隸科布多參贊大臣。道光中，查邊之政漸弛，俄人始築城於是部之吹河，我查邊界鄂博者往往不至其地。

They were originally subject to the Dzungars. In the ninth month of the twenty-second year of Qianlong Sayin Noyan Zasak Beile Chemchukjab pacified the Altai Uriankhai. Teleboke Zharnak, zaisang of the Altai Nuur Uriankhai, arrived with his people. Chemchukjab was ordered to set tribute and reward regulations and proclaim the court's benevolence. In the twelfth month zaisang Teleboke and others of Altai Nuur Uriankhai were made superintendents. In the autumn of the twenty-third year superintendents Alashan and Enke rebelled; Chemchukjab captured Alashan and his followers. Enke's elder brother fled to the Hatun River and was captured that winter. The tribe was soon organized as two banners, each with a superintendent, paying annual raccoon-dog pelts as tribute under the Kobdo Participating Minister. During Daoguang border inspection grew lax; Russians built a fort on the Chui River in this region, and Chinese boundary inspectors often failed to reach the markers.

咸豐十年，定西疆界約，俄國畫界清單遂將是部包去。同治六年七月，科布多參贊大臣廣鳳等奏俄雅什達喇城衙門給阿勒泰淖爾兩旗總管文，言阿勒泰淖爾、綽羅什拜、巴什庫斯、吹河均系俄羅斯遊牧。如有人言系中國遊牧，拿送俄城。又俄人來綽羅什拜地方伐木，已飭總管察罕等善言開導，靜候兩國分界大臣將疆界議定換約，立界後，再按照所分界限遵行，此時不可伐木蓋房，致滋事端。時俄國官兵執去我查閱哈屯河扎薩克紮那紮布及台吉差官、蒙古員兵等，阻我查邊道路，稱是部遊牧為俄國地面，不許中國人往來。十月，阿勒泰淖爾總管莽泰等報俄官取莽泰旗下一百四十餘人及總管察罕旗下二百四十餘人手印。九月，明誼、錫霖、博勒果索與俄分界大臣照議單勘分西界，是部地遂非清有。初議遷是部誠心內附者於卡內，而總管莽泰等言兩旗人丁祈全入卡內住牧。廣鳳等諭以「所被俄國分去地面舊住人丁，隨地歸為俄國，務令安居故土，各守舊業，立界後斷不致仍前擾害」。隨令莽岱等出卡回牧，並內徙之議亦輟。

In the tenth year of Xianfeng a western frontier treaty was signed; Russia's demarcation list cut off this entire tribe's territory. In the seventh month of the sixth year of Tongzhi Guangfeng reported that the Russian Yashidara authorities had told the Altai Nuur superintendents that Altai Nuur, Choluoshibai, Bashikus, and the Chui River were Russian grazing lands. Anyone who claimed they were Chinese pastures was to be seized and sent to the Russian authorities. Russians also came to Choluoshibai to log timber; Superintendent Chahan was told to reason with them and wait until boundary commissioners fixed the border, after which the new line would apply—but for now they must not log or build houses and provoke trouble. Russian troops seized Chinese inspectors at the Hatun River—including Zasak Zanajab, taiji officers, and Mongol soldiers—blocked border inspection routes, and declared this tribe's pastures Russian territory, barring Chinese passage. In the tenth month Superintendent Mangtai reported that Russian officials had taken thumbprints from more than 140 of his banner's people and more than 240 of Superintendent Chahan's. In the ninth month Mingyi, Xilin, and Boleguosuo surveyed the western border with the Russian commissioner under the negotiating list; this tribe's land passed out of Qing control. At first those who had sincerely submitted were to be moved inside the barrier posts, but Superintendent Mangtai said both banners wished to move entirely inside to graze. Guangfeng told them, "Those who remain on land assigned to Russia must stay on their old homes, keep their livelihoods, and after the border is fixed will not be harmed as before." Mangdai and others were ordered to leave the posts and return to pasture, and the plan for inward migration was abandoned.

是部有佐領四。

This tribe has four assistant commandants.

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