1
滿寵田豫牽招郭淮
Man Chong, Tian Yu, Qian Zhao, and Guo Huai.
2
滿寵字伯寧，山陽昌邑人也。 年十八，爲郡督郵。 時郡內李朔等各擁部曲，害于平民，太守使寵糾焉。 朔等請罪，不復鈔略。 守高平令。 縣人張苞爲郡督郵，貪穢受取，干亂吏政。 寵因其來在傳舍，率吏卒出收之，詰責所犯，即日考竟，遂棄官歸。
Man Chong, courtesy name Boning, was a native of Changyi in Shanyang. At eighteen he was appointed courier inspector for the commandery. Li Shuo and others in the commandery then commanded private followings and preyed on civilians; the grand administrator sent Chong to rein them in. They sued for pardon and ceased their pillaging. He held office as magistrate of Gaoping. Zhang Bao of that county was the commandery courier inspector—venal, grasping, and meddling with official business. When Zhang Bao showed up at the post station, Chong marched clerks and soldiers out to arrest him, questioned him about his crimes, had the case resolved that same day, resigned his post, and went home.
3
太祖臨兖州，辟爲從事。 及爲大將軍，辟署西曹屬，爲許令。 時曹洪宗室親貴，有賔客在界，數犯法，寵收治之。 洪書報寵，寵不聽。 洪白太祖，太祖召許主者。 寵知將欲原，乃速殺之。 太祖喜曰：「當事不當耳邪？」 故太尉楊彪收付縣獄，尚書令荀彧、少府孔融等並屬寵：「但當受辭，勿加考掠。」 寵一無所報，考訊如法。 數日，求見太祖，言之曰：「楊彪考訊無他辭語。 當殺者宜先彰其罪； 此人有名海內，若罪不明，必大失民望，竊爲明公惜之。」 太祖即日赦出彪。 初，彧、融聞考掠彪，皆怒，及因此得了，更善寵。 〈臣松之以爲楊公積德之門，身爲名臣，縱有愆負，猶宜保祐，況淫刑所濫，而可加其楚掠乎？ 若理應考訊，荀、孔二賢豈其妄有相請屬哉？ 寵以此爲能，酷吏之用心耳。 雖有後善，何解前虐？〉
After Cao Cao entered Yan Province, Chong received appointment as an aide. Once Cao Cao took the title of grand general, Chong joined the western bureau staff and became magistrate of Xu. Cao Hong, a proud kinsman of the ruling house, kept guests in the district who broke the law again and again; Chong took them into custody. Cao Hong wrote to intercede; Chong refused to listen. Hong appealed to Cao Cao, who called in the chief clerk responsible for Xu. Chong saw that a pardon was coming and put the man to death at once. Cao Cao said with satisfaction, 'You did what the office required—was that not right?' When the former Grand Commandant Yang Biao was arrested and handed over to the county prison, Director of the Secretariat Xun Yu, Chamberlain for the Palace Revenues Kong Rong, and others all urged Man Chong, "Take only his statement; do not subject him to torture." Chong ignored them and questioned Yang under the normal judicial procedure. A few days later he sought an audience and reported, 'Under interrogation Yang Biao has admitted nothing further. If a man must die, his guilt should be displayed first; his name is known across the empire—if his offense stays obscure the throne will forfeit public trust, and I fear that would wound your lordship.' Cao Cao pardoned Yang Biao that very day. At first Xun Yu and Kong Rong were furious when they heard Yang was being beaten; once matters turned out as they did, they respected Chong more than ever. 〈Pei Songzhi remarks: The Yangs were a household steeped in virtue; Yang Biao was an eminent minister—even had he owed some fault he deserved protection; all the more under indiscriminate cruelty could one justify laying on torture. If legal questioning had truly been warranted, would Xun Yu and Kong Rong have pleaded with Chong for nothing? To pride oneself on such conduct is the logic of a cruel judge. Later virtue cannot erase earlier brutality.〉
4
時袁紹盛於河朔，而汝南紹之本郡，門生賔客布在諸縣，擁兵拒守。 太祖憂之，以寵爲汝南太守。 寵募其服從者五百人，率攻下二十餘壁，誘其未降渠帥，於坐上殺十餘人，一時皆平。 得戶二萬，兵二千人，令就田業。
Yuan Shao dominated the Hebei plain, and Runan—his native commandery—teemed with his clients and partisans in every county, armed and defiant. Cao Cao, troubled by the situation, named Chong administrator of Runan. He enlisted five hundred willing men, stormed over twenty strongholds, lured leaders who still held out, slew more than ten of them at their seats, and thus pacified the region in one sweep. He registered twenty thousand households and two thousand troops and set them to working the land.
5
建安十三年，從太祖征荊州。 大軍還，留寵行奮威將軍，屯當陽。 孫權數擾東陲，復召寵還爲汝南太守，賜爵關內侯。 關羽圍襄陽，寵助征南將軍曹仁屯樊城拒之，而左將軍于禁等軍以霖雨水長爲羽所沒。 羽急攻樊城，樊城得水，往往崩壞，衆皆失色。 或謂仁曰：「今日之危，非力所支。 可及羽圍未合，乘輕船夜走，雖失城，尚可全身。」 寵曰：「山水速疾，冀其不久。 聞羽遣別將已在郟下，自許以南，百姓擾擾，羽所以不敢遂進者，恐吾軍掎其後耳。 今若遁去，洪河以南，非復國家有也； 君宜待之。」 仁曰：「善。」 寵乃沈白馬，與軍人盟誓。 會徐晃等救至，寵力戰有功，羽遂退。 進封安昌亭侯。 文帝即王位，遷揚武將軍。 破吳於江陵有功，更拜伏波將軍，屯新野。 大軍南征，到精湖，寵帥諸軍在前，與賊隔水相對。 寵勑諸將曰：「今夕風甚猛，賊必來燒軍，宜爲其備。」 諸軍皆警。 夜半，賊果遣十部伏夜來燒，寵掩擊破之，進封南鄉侯。 黃初三年，假寵節鉞。 五年，拜前將軍。
In Jian'an 13 he joined Cao Cao's expedition against Jing Province. On the army's return Chong stayed behind as acting Inspires Might general, camped at Dangyang. Sun Quan kept raiding the east, so Chong was recalled to Runan and granted a secondary marquisate inside the passes. With Guan Yu investing Xiangyang, Chong reinforced Cao Ren at Fan; Yu Jin and his hosts were swept away when floodwaters rose. Guan Yu hammered Fan; water lapped the walls and sections fell; the defenders went pale. Some urged Ren, 'This crisis is beyond what force can bear. Slip away in small boats under cover of night before the ring closes—you may surrender the city but save yourselves.' Chong replied, 'The flood is fierce but should ebb soon. Word is Guan Yu has sent a column toward Jia; south of Xu the people are in uproar; he hesitates to push south because he dreads a stab in the rear. If we bolt now, everything south of the river ceases to be ours; wait it out.' Ren said, 'Well said.' Chong sacrificed a white horse and bound the garrison with an oath. When Xu Huang's reinforcements came, Chong fought stubbornly; Guan Yu pulled back. His fief was advanced to village marquis of Anchang. Once Cao Pi took the kingship, Chong became general who Displays Martial Might. He earned credit routing Wu at Jiangling, was named general who Subdues the Waves, and encamped at Xinye. On the southern expedition at Jing Lake he commanded the vanguard, confronting the foe across the channel. He warned his officers, 'The gale tonight is fierce—the enemy will try to fire the camp; stand ready.' Every unit went on alert. At midnight they sent ten companies to sneak in and torch the lines; Chong ambushed and shattered them and was enfeoffed marquis of Nanxiang. Huangchu 3 brought him the credentials of office—staff and axe. In the fifth year he took rank as general of the van.
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明帝即位，進封昌邑侯。 太和二年228年，領豫州刺史。 三年春，降人稱吳大嚴，揚聲欲詣江北獵，孫權欲自出。 寵度其必襲西陽而爲之備，權聞之，退還。 秋，使曹休從廬江南入合肥，令寵向夏口。 寵上疏曰：「曹休雖明果而希用兵，今所從道，背湖旁江，易進難退，此兵之窪地也。 若入無彊口，宜深爲之備。」 寵表未報，休遂深入。 賊果從無彊口斷夾石，要休還路。 休戰不利，退走。 會朱靈等從後來斷道，與賊相遇。 賊驚走，休軍乃得還。 是歲休薨，寵以前將軍代都督揚州諸軍事。 汝南兵民戀慕，大小相率，奔隨道路，不可禁止。 護軍表上，欲殺其爲首者。 詔使寵將親兵千人自隨，其餘一無所問。 四年，拜寵征東將軍。 其冬，孫權揚聲欲至合肥，寵表召兖、豫諸軍，皆集。 賊尋退還，被詔罷兵。 寵以爲今賊大舉而還，非本意也，此必欲僞退以罷吾兵，而倒還乘虛，掩不備也，表不罷兵。 後十餘日，權果更來，到合肥城，不克而還。 其明年，吳將孫布遣人詣揚州求降，辭云：「道遠不能自致，乞兵見迎。」 刺史王淩騰布書，請兵馬迎之。 寵以爲必詐，不與兵，而作報書曰：「知識邪正，欲避禍就順，去暴歸道，甚相嘉尚。 今欲遣兵相迎，然計兵少則不足相衞，多則事必遠聞。 且先密計以成本志，臨時節度其宜。」 寵會被書當入朝，勑留府長史：「若淩欲往迎，勿與兵也。」 淩於後索兵不得，乃單遣一督將步騎七百人往迎之。 布夜掩擊，督將迸走，死傷過半。 初，寵與淩共事不平，淩支黨毀寵疲老悖謬，故明帝召之。 旣至，體氣康彊，見而遣還。 《世語》曰：王淩表寵年過耽酒，不可居方任。 帝將召寵，給事中郭謀曰：「寵爲汝南太守、豫州刺史二十餘年，有勳方岳。 及鎮淮南，吳人憚之。 若不如所表，將爲所闚。 可令還朝，問以方事以察之。」 帝從之。 寵旣至，進見，飲酒至一石不亂。 帝慰勞之，遣還。 寵屢表求留，詔報曰：「昔廉頗彊食，馬援據鞌，今君未老而自謂已老，何與廉、馬之相背邪？ 其思安邊境，惠此中國。」 明年，吴將陸遜向廬江，論者以爲宜速赴之。 寵曰：「廬江雖小，將勁兵精，守則經時。 又賊舍船二百里來，後尾空縣，尚欲誘致，今宜聽其遂進，但恐走不可及耳。」 整軍趨楊宜口。 賊聞大兵東下，即夜遁。 時權歲有來計。 青龍元年233年，寵上疏曰：「合肥城南臨江湖，北遠壽春，賊攻圍之，得據水爲勢； 官兵救之，當先破賊大輩，然後圍乃得解。 賊往甚易，而兵往救之甚難，宜移城內之兵，其西三十里，有奇險可依，更立城以固守，此爲引賊平地而掎其歸路，於計爲便。」 護軍將軍蔣濟議，以爲：「旣示天下以弱，且望賊煙火而壞城，此爲未攻而自拔。 一至於此，劫略無限，必以淮北爲守。」 帝未許。 寵重表曰：「孫子言，兵者，詭道也。 故能而示之以弱不能，驕之以利，示之以懾。 此爲形實不必相應也。 又曰『善動敵者形之』。 今賊未至而移城却內，此所謂形而誘之也。 引賊遠水，擇利而動，舉得於外，則福生於內矣。」 尚書趙咨以寵策爲長，詔遂報聽。 其年，權自出，欲圍新城，以其遠水，積二十日不敢下舡。 寵謂諸將曰：「權得吾移城，必於其衆中有自大之言，今大舉來欲要一切之功，雖不敢至，必當上岸耀兵以示有餘。」 乃潛遣步騎六千，伏肥城隱處以待之。 權果上岸耀兵，寵伏軍卒起擊之，斬首數百，或有赴水死者。 明年，權自將號十萬，至合肥新城。 寵馳往赴，募壯士數十人，折松爲炬，灌以麻油，從上風放火，燒賊攻具，射殺權弟子孫泰。 賊於是引退。 三年春，權遣兵數千家佃於江北。 至八月，寵以爲田向收孰，男女布野，其屯衞兵去城遠者數百里，可掩擊也。 遣長史督三軍循江東下，摧破諸屯，焚燒穀物而還。 詔羙之，因以所獲盡爲將士賞。
When Emperor Ming took the throne, Man Chong was advanced to marquis of Changyi. Taihe 2 (228): he took charge as inspector of Yu Province. That spring defectors reported Wu massing troops and claiming a hunt north of the river; Sun Quan meant to march in person. Chong read the move as a strike on Xiyang and prepared; Sun Quan heard and pulled back. In autumn Cao Xiu was sent into Hefei from south of Lujiang while Chong was ordered toward Xiakou. Chong memorialized: "Cao Xiu is capable but rarely campaigns; his route hugs lake and river—easy in, hard out—a classic trap. If he enters Wujiangkou, fortify it deeply." Before the memorial was answered, Cao Xiu drove deep inland. The enemy did cut Jiashi at Wujiangkou and blocked Cao Xiu’s retreat. Cao Xiu lost the fight and fled. Zhu Ling and others struck from the rear, met the enemy, and the raiders scattered so Cao Xiu’s army escaped. Cao Xiu died that year; Chong succeeded him as Yang Province commander with the rank of general of the van. Runan soldiers and civilians adored him; crowds trailed him along the roads and could not be stopped. The protector general urged executing the ringleaders. An edict let Chong keep a thousand personal guards and pardoned everyone else. In the fourth year he was named general who Conquers the East. That winter Sun Quan threatened Hefei; Chong called Yan and Yu troops to muster. The enemy soon withdrew and an edict ordered the armies stood down. Chong argued the withdrawal was a feint to lure Wei into standing down, then wheel back for a surprise strike; he refused to dismiss the troops. Within ten days Sun Quan did return, failed before Hefei, and withdrew. Next year Wu general Sun Bu asked Yang Province for troops to escort his surrender: "The road is long; I cannot come alone—please send men to meet me." Inspector Wang Ling forwarded the letter and asked for troops to receive Sun Bu. Chong smelled a trap, refused troops, and answered: "You know right from wrong, flee harm for loyalty, and leave violence for the Way—I applaud that. I would send escorts, but a small guard cannot protect you and a large one will be heard far away. Plan in secret first, then act as circumstances require." Summoned to court, Chong told his chief clerk: "If Wang Ling tries to welcome Sun Bu, give him no troops." Denied troops, Wang Ling sent one commander with seven hundred foot and horse alone. Sun Bu struck by night; the commander fled and more than half his men were killed or wounded. Chong and Wang Ling had long feuded; Ling’s faction called Chong senile and unfit, so Emperor Ming summoned him. He arrived vigorous; the emperor sent him back. The Shiyu says Wang Ling reported Chong too old and too fond of wine for frontier command. As the emperor prepared to recall Chong, Guo Mou said: "Chong governed Runan and Yu for twenty years with frontier merit. At Huainan the Wu armies feared him. If he is not as Wang Ling claims, Wu will watch for weakness. Recall him, question him on frontier affairs, and judge for yourself." The emperor agreed. Chong appeared at court and drank a full dan of wine without faltering. The emperor praised him and sent him back. Chong begged to stay; the reply cited Lian Po’s hearty meals and Ma Yuan in the saddle: "You are not old yet call yourself old—why turn from their example? Secure the border and bless the heartland." Next year Lu Xun marched on Lujiang; advisers urged a rapid response. Chong said: "Lujiang is small but its garrison is tough—it will hold. They left their boats two hundred li back with an empty rear—they mean to bait us. Let them advance; I only fear they flee before we catch them." He marched the army to Yangyikou. Hearing the host approach, the enemy fled overnight. Sun Quan then plotted yearly incursions. Qinglong 1 (233): Chong memorialized: "Hefei's south face adjoins the rivers and lakes, while to the north it is far from Shou-chun; when bandits attack and besiege it, they can seize the advantage of the water; relief must first break the main enemy force before the siege ends. Raiders move easily; rescuers do not—so shift the garrison thirty li west to rugged ground, build a new fortress, bait the enemy onto dry land, and cut their retreat." Protector-General Jiang Ji argued, "This would show weakness to the whole realm. Worse, to tear down a city merely at the sight of the enemy's signal fires is to abandon it before it has even been attacked. That invites limitless pillage and commits you to a Huai-north defense line." The emperor withheld approval. Chong again memorialized, saying, 'Sunzi says warfare is the way of deception. Feign weakness when strong and strength when weak; lure with profit and overawe with fear. Appearance and reality need not match. He also wrote, "Master opponents by shaping what they see." Moving inland before they strike is shaping the battlefield to bait them. Pull them off the rivers, strike at the advantage, and internal security follows external success." Minister Zhao Zi favored Chong's scheme; an edict granted consent. That year Sun Quan marched in person on the new fortress; it sat back from the river, so he hovered offshore twenty days without landing. Chong told his officers, "Sun Quan boasts because we relocated; he brings a huge host for a knockout blow—he may stop short but will land soldiers to parade superiority." He hid six thousand foot and horse near Feicheng to spring the trap. Sun Quan did land to show force; Chong's ambush leaped up, slew hundreds, and drove others into the drink. Next year Sun Quan led an army billed at one hundred thousand against new Hefei. Chong raced thither, enlisted dozens of daredevils, fashioned pine torches soaked in oil, burned the siege gear upwind, and killed Sun Quan's nephew Sun Tai with an arrow. The enemy then retired. Spring of year three he sent thousands of households to till north of the river. By August the grain ripened and peasants thronged the fields; distant pickets lay hundreds of li out—ripe for a raid. He sent his chief clerk with three corps downstream along the Jiang to wreck the settlements, torch the grain, and withdraw. Imperial praise followed, and every captured prize went to the troops as bounty.
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景初二年，以寵年老徵還，遷爲太尉。 寵不治產業，家無餘財。 詔曰：「君典兵在外，專心憂公，有行父、祭遵之風。 賜田十頃，糓五百斛，錢二十萬，以明清忠儉約之節焉。」 寵前後增邑，凡九千六百戶，封子孫二人亭侯。 正始三年242年薨，謚曰景侯。 子偉嗣。 偉以格度知名，官至衞尉。 《世語》曰：偉字公衡。 偉子長武，有寵風，年二十四，爲大將軍掾。 高貴鄉公之難，以掾守閶闔掖門，司馬文王弟安陽亭侯幹欲入。 幹妃，偉妹也。 長武謂幹曰：「此門近，公且來，無有入者，可從東掖門。」 幹遂從之。 文王問幹入何遲，幹言其故。 參軍王羨亦不得入，恨之。 旣而羨因王左右啟王，滿掾斷門不內人，宜推劾。 壽春之役，偉從文王至許，以疾不進。 子從，求還省疾，事定乃從歸，由此內見恨。 收長武考死杖下，偉免爲庶人。 時人冤之。 偉弟子奮，晉元康中至尚書令、司隷校尉。 寵、偉、長武、奮，皆長八尺。 荀綽《冀州記》曰：奮性清平，有識檢。 《晉諸公贊》曰：奮體量通雅，有寵風也。
Jingchu 2: recalled as too old, Man Chong was made grand commandant. He kept no estates and left no surplus wealth. An edict praised him: "You commanded abroad with single-minded loyalty, in the spirit of Xing Fu and Ji Zun. Take ten qing of land, five hundred hu of grain, and two hundred thousand cash as proof of loyal frugality." His fief eventually reached 9,600 households and two descendants became village marquises. He died in Zhengshi 3 (242) with the posthumous title Marquis Jing. His son Man Wei succeeded. Man Wei was known for dignity and rose to commandant of the guard. The Shiyu gives his style as Gongheng. His son Man Changwu matched his father’s bearing; at twenty-four he served as an aide in the grand general’s staff. In the Gaoguixiang crisis he guarded the Changhe side gate while Sima Zhao’s brother Gan, marquis of Anyang village, tried to enter. Gan’s wife was Man Wei’s sister. Changwu told Gan: "This gate is watched—come by the eastern side gate instead." Gan took that route. Sima Zhao asked why Gan was late; Gan explained. Adjutant Wang Xian, also barred, bore a grudge. Wang Xian then told Sima Zhao through attendants that Man’s aide had barred the gate and should be impeached. During the Shouchun campaign Man Wei followed Sima Zhao to Xu but stayed behind ill. His son Cong asked leave to tend him and rejoined only after the campaign—earning inner resentment. Changwu was arrested and beaten to death; Man Wei was reduced to commoner status. Contemporaries thought it unjust. Man Fen, Wei’s nephew, became director of the secretariat and colonel director of retainers under Jin Yuankang. Chong, Wei, Changwu, and Fen all stood eight chi tall. Xun Chuo’s Ji Province record calls Fen even-tempered and judicious. The Jin zhugong zan adds that Fen was broad and refined, with Man Chong’s bearing.
8
田豫字國讓，漁陽雍奴人也。 劉備之奔公孫瓚也，豫時年少，自託於備，備甚奇之。 備爲豫州刺史，豫以母老求歸，備涕泣與別，曰：「恨不與君共成大事也。」
Tian Yu, courtesy name Guorang, hailed from Yongnu in Yuyang. While Liu Bei sheltered with Gongsun Zan, the youthful Tian Yu attached himself to Bei, who thought him extraordinary. After Bei became inspector of Yu Province, Tian Yu asked leave—his mother was old. They parted in tears as Bei said, 'How I wish we could finish the great work together.'
9
公孫瓚使豫守東州令，瓚將王門叛瓚，爲袁紹將萬餘人來攻。 衆懼欲降。 豫登城謂門曰：「卿爲公孫所厚而去，意有所不得已也； 今還作賊，乃知卿亂人耳。 夫挈瓶之智，守不假器，吾旣受之矣； 何不急攻乎？」 門慙而退。 瓚雖知豫有權謀而不能任也。 瓚敗而鮮于輔爲國人所推，行太守事，素善豫，以爲長史。 時雄傑並起，輔莫知所從。 豫謂輔曰：「終能定天下者，必曹氏也。 宜速歸命，無後禍期。」 輔從其計，用受封寵。 太祖召豫爲丞相軍謀掾，除頴陰、朗陵令，遷弋陽太守，所在有治。
Gongsun Zan assigned Tian Yu magistrate of Dongzhou; Wang Men rebelled, joined Yuan Shao, and marched over ten thousand men against the town. The defenders panicked and wanted to yield. Tian Yu mounted the wall and shouted to Wang Men, 'Gongsun Zan favored you; you left because you were desperate; now you turn bandit—plainly you are a wrecker of order. A petty wit may guard a well—you received this office; I hold it now; why not storm it while you can?' Shamed, Wang Men broke off the attack. Zan knew Tian Yu was shrewd yet never gave him real responsibility. After Zan's fall Xianyu Fu ran the commandery at popular insistence; fond of Tian Yu, he made him chief clerk. Heroes rose on every side and Fu wavered between them. Tian Yu told him, 'The house that will reunify the realm will be Cao Cao's. Submit soon—do not invite later ruin.' Fu took the advice and earned title and favor. Cao Cao enlisted him as army strategist, named him magistrate of Yingyin and Langling, raised him to administrator of Yiyang, and his administration prospered everywhere.
10
鄢陵侯彰征代郡，以豫爲相。 軍次易北，虜伏騎擊之，軍人擾亂，莫知所爲。 豫因地形，回車結圜陣，弓弩持滿於內，疑兵塞其隙。 胡不能進，散去。 追擊，大破之，遂前平代，皆豫策也。
When Marquis of Yanling Cao Zhang attacked Dai commandery, Tian Yu served as chief of staff. North of Yi barbarian horse archers ambushed the column; the ranks dissolved in panic. Tian Yu used the ground to wheel wagons into a ring, packed crossbowmen inside, and plugged gaps with feints. The tribesmen stalled and scattered. A pursuit routed them; the Dai campaign succeeded—credit belonged to Tian Yu.
11
遷南陽太守。 先時，郡人侯音反，衆數千人在山中爲群盜，大爲郡患。 前太守收其黨與五百餘人，表奏皆當死。 豫悉見諸繫囚，慰喻，開其自新之路，一時破械遣之。 諸囚皆叩頭，願自效，即相告語，群賊一朝解散，郡內清靜。 具以狀上，太祖善之。
He rose to grand administrator of Nanyang. Earlier, Hou Yin of the commandery had risen in revolt; thousands of men took to the hills as bandits and terrorized the district. His predecessor had arrested over five hundred accomplices and petitioned for the execution of every one. Tian Yu visited every chained captive, spoke reassurance, offered them a fresh start, struck off their bonds, and released them. They kowtowed, pledged service, spread the word among themselves, and the outlaw bands melted away overnight; peace returned to the commandery. He forwarded a full report; Cao Cao approved.
12
文帝初，北狄彊盛，侵擾邊塞，乃使豫持節護烏丸校尉，牽招、解儁并護鮮卑。 自高柳以東，濊貊以西，鮮卑數十部，比能、彌加、素利割地統御，各有分界； 乃共誓要，皆不得以馬與中國市。 豫以戎狄爲一，非中國之利，乃先搆離之，使自爲讎敵，互相攻伐。 素利違盟，出馬千匹與官，爲比能所攻，求救於豫。 豫恐遂相兼并，爲害滋深，宜救善討惡，示信衆狄。 單將銳卒，深入虜庭，胡人衆多，鈔軍前後，斷截歸路。 豫乃進軍，去虜十餘里結屯營，多聚牛馬糞然之，從他道引去。 胡見煙火不絕，以爲尚在，去，行數十里乃知之。 追豫到馬城，圍之十重，豫密嚴，使司馬建旌旗，鳴鼓吹，將步騎從南門出，胡人皆屬目往赴之。 豫將精銳自北門出，鼓譟而起，兩頭俱發，出虜不意，虜衆散亂，皆棄弓馬步走，追討二十餘里，僵尸蔽地。 又烏丸王骨進桀黠不恭，豫因出塞案行，單將麾下百餘騎入進部。 進逆拜，遂使左右斬進，顯其罪惡以令衆。 衆皆怖慴不敢動，便以進弟代進。 自是胡人破膽，威震沙漠。 山賊高艾，衆數千人，寇鈔，爲幽、冀害，豫誘使鮮卑素利部斬艾，傳首京都。 封豫長樂亭侯。 爲校尉九年，其御夷狄，恒摧抑兼并，乖散彊猾。 凡逋亡姦宄，爲胡作計不利官者，豫皆構刺攪離，使凶邪之謀不遂，聚居之類不安。 事業未究，而幽州刺史王雄支黨欲令雄領烏丸校尉，毀豫亂邊，爲國生事。 遂轉豫爲汝南太守，加殄夷將軍。
Early in Cao Pi's reign the northern tribes pressed the frontier, so Tian Yu took the staff as Wuhuan colonel while Qian Zhao and Xie Jun oversaw the Xianbei. East of Gaoliu and west of the Huimo tribes stretched dozens of Xianbei bands—Bineng, Mijia, Suli—each ruling a slice of ground with fixed borders; they swore jointly not to sell horses into China. Tian Yu judged a unified frontier bad for the realm and set the tribes at each other's throats before they could unite. Suli broke the pact by selling a thousand mounts to the court; Bineng attacked him, and he pleaded with Tian Yu for aid. He feared unchecked annexation and worse raids—better to aid the righteous, punish the vicious, and signal honesty to every tribe. With only elite soldiers he drove deep into tribal lands; nomads swarmed fore and aft and severed his retreat. He camped a dozen li from the enemy, heaped dung alight as a blind, and slipped away along another track. The tribesmen saw endless smoke and assumed he remained; only after marching many li did they discover the ruse. They chased him to Ma city and ringed him ten deep; he hid his plan, had a major parade colors and music out the south gate, and every tribesman rushed that way. He struck from the north with picked men and a sudden battle cry; caught between two fires the nomads broke, dropped weapons and mounts, and fled on foot; the chase ran twenty li and left the plain strewn with dead. The Wuhuan chief Gu Jin was arrogant and rude; Tian Yu rode beyond the pass on patrol with barely a hundred horse and walked into Jin's camp. When Jin stepped up to bow, Tian Yu had guards cut him down and parade his crimes before the assembly. The horde froze in terror; he installed Jin's younger brother as chief. After that the tribes lost heart and his name shook the desert. The brigand Gao Ai led thousands in raids across You and Ji; Tian Yu persuaded Suli's Xianbei to execute him and shipped the head to Luoyang. He received the village marquisate of Changle. Nine years as colonel he broke up mergers among tribes and scattered the strongest intriguers. Fugitives who connived with nomads against the court—he set them at odds until plots collapsed and hostile camps could not endure. Before he finished, Governor Wang Xiong's clique wanted Xiong named Wuhuan colonel and smeared Tian Yu as a troublemaker on the border. He was shifted to Runan with the brevet rank of general who Exterminates the Yi.
13
太和末，公孫淵以遼東叛，帝欲征之而難其人，中領軍楊曁舉豫應選。 〈臣松之案：曁字休先，熒陽人，事見 〈劉曄傳〉。 曁子肇，晉荊州刺史。 山濤啟事稱肇有才能。 肇子潭字道元，次歆字公嗣，潭子彧字長文，次經字仲武，皆見《潘岳集》。〉 乃使豫以本官督青州諸軍，假節，往討之。 會吳賊遣使與淵相結，帝以賊衆多，又以渡海，詔豫使罷軍。 豫度賊船垂還，歲晚風急，必畏漂浪，東隨無岸，當赴成山。 成山無藏船之處，輙便循海，案行地形，及諸山島，徼截險要，列兵屯守。 自入成山，登漢武之觀。 賊還，果遇惡風，船皆觸山沈沒，波蕩著岸，無所蒙竄，盡虜其衆。 初，諸將皆笑於空地待賊，及賊破，競欲與謀，求入海鉤取浪舡。 豫懼窮虜死戰，皆不聽。 初，豫以太守督青州，青州刺史程喜內懷不服，軍事之際，多相違錯。 喜知帝寶愛明珠，乃密上：「豫雖有戰功而禁令寬弛，所得器仗珠金甚多，放散皆不納官。」 由是功不見列。
Late in Taihe Gongsun Yuan rebelled in Liaodong; the emperor wanted a commander and Yang Ji recommended Tian Yu. 〈Pei Songzhi notes: Yang Ji, courtesy Xiuxian, from Yingyang—his career appears in 〈the biography of Liu Ye.〉 His son Yang Zhao served as inspector of Jing Province under the Jin. Shan Tao's memorial praised Yang Zhao's abilities. Zhao's son Tan (Daoyuan), Xin (Gongsi); Tan's son Yu (Changwen) and Jing (Zhongwu)—all mentioned in Pan Yue's writings.〉 The court kept him in grade, gave him Qingzhou command, the staff of authority, and orders to strike. When Wu allied with Yuan, the emperor feared both enemy numbers and the sea crossing and told Tian Yu to stand down. Tian Yu reckoned the fleet would turn homeward in late year's bitter gales; with no lee east along the coast they would run for Cheng Mountain. Cheng Mountain offered no anchorage, so he shadowed the shore, mapped headlands and islets, and sealed the choke points with troops. He entered Cheng Mountain and climbed the lookout Han Wudi had used. The fleet met the feared storm; hulls smashed on cliffs or surf; crews could not escape and were taken wholesale. Generals had mocked his empty-ground trap; after the victory they clamored to ride salvagers out and snag wrecks. He refused—cornered foes would fight to the death. Earlier, as administrator overseeing Qingzhou, he crossed Cheng Xi the provincial governor, who quietly resisted and second-guessed every operation. Xi knew the sovereign treasured bright pearls and secretly memorialized, "Although Yu had battle achievements, his prohibitions and orders were loose; he obtained many weapons, pearls, and gold, scattered them freely, and did not submit them to the government." His exploits went uncredited.
14
後孫權號十萬衆攻新城，征東將軍滿寵欲率諸軍救之。 豫曰：「賊悉衆大舉，非徒投射小利，欲質新城以致大軍耳。 宜聽使攻城，挫其銳氣，不當與爭鋒也。 城不可拔，衆必罷怠； 罷怠然後擊之，可大克也。 若賊見計，必不攻城，勢將自走。 若便進兵，適入其計。 又大軍相向，當使難知，不當使自畫也。」 豫輙上狀，天子從之。 會賊遁走。 後吳復來寇，豫往拒之，賊即退。 諸軍夜驚，云：「賊復來！」 豫卧不起，令衆「敢動者斬」。 有頃，竟無賊。
Later Sun Quan marched on the new fortress with an army billed at one hundred thousand; Man Chong wanted to march every corps to relieve it. Tian Yu said, "The enemy has raised all his forces in a great movement. This is not merely for a small gain from shooting; he wishes to pin down Xincheng and draw our great army. Let them grind against the walls and dull their edge; do not trade blows on their terms. Fail to storm it and their troops tire; strike when exhaustion sets in and you win big. If they see through it they may not invest the fortress at all and will slip away on their own. Send relief now and you step into their trap. When hosts collide you should cloud their counsel, not hand them a script." He rushed the analysis to court; the emperor agreed. The enemy withdrew as predicted. Wu raided again; Tian Yu met them and they retreated at once. That night the camps cried panic: 'They are back!' Tian Yu stayed abed and ordered: 'The next man who stirs dies.' Soon it was clear no foe had come.
15
景初末，增邑三百，并前五百戶。 正始初，遷使持節護匈奴中郎將，加振威將軍，領并州刺史。 外胡聞其威名，相率來獻。 州界寧肅，百姓懷之。 徵爲衞尉。 屢乞遜位，太傅司馬宣王以爲豫克壯，書喻未聽。 豫書荅曰：「年過七十而以居位，譬猶鍾鳴漏盡而夜行不休，是罪人也。」 遂固稱疾篤。 拜太中大夫，食卿祿。 年八十二薨。 子彭祖嗣。 〈《魏略》曰：豫罷官歸，居魏縣。 會汝南遣健步詣征北，感豫宿恩，過拜之。 豫爲殺雞炊黍，送詣至陌頭，謂之曰：「罷老，苦汝來過。 無能有益，若何？」 健步愍其貧羸，流涕而去，還爲故吏民說之。 汝南爲具資數千匹，遣人餉豫，豫一不受。 會病，立戒其妻子曰：「葬我必於西門豹邊。」 妻之難之，言：「西門豹古之神人，那可葬於其邊乎？」 豫言：「豹所履行與我敵等耳，使死而有靈，必與我善。」 妻子從之。 汝南聞其死也，悲之，旣爲畫像，又就爲立碑銘。〉
Late in Jingchu his estate gained three hundred households atop the existing five hundred. Early Zhengshi brought the staff as Xiongnu colonel, rank as Inspires Might general, and the Bingzhou inspectorship. Frontier tribes heard his name and queued up with tribute. The province quieted and the people loved him. The court called him to the chamberlainship of the palace guard. He begged to retire again and again; Sima Yi called him hale and refused. He answered: 'After seventy to cling to office is like ringing midnight bells yet racing through the dark—that is crime.' He then insisted he was mortally ill. They named him grand counselor with a minister's stipend. He died at eighty-two. His son Tian Pengzu inherited the title. 〈The Wei lüe records: after retiring Tian Yu lived in Wei county. Runan sent a runner north; remembering Tian Yu's past kindness he detoured to bow. Tian Yu killed a fowl, steamed millet, walked him to the road, and said: 'I am a useless old man—sorry you came so far. I have nothing to give you—what can I do?' The runner wept at his poverty and thin frame; back home he told the old staff and townsfolk. Runan raised thousands in goods to send; Tian Yu refused every gift. Falling ill, he told his family: 'Bury me beside Ximen Bao.' His wife protested: 'Ximen Bao was a godlike sage—how dare we lie beside him?' He said: 'His conduct matches mine; if spirits endure we shall be friends.' They did as he asked. Runan mourned him, commissioned his portrait, and raised an inscribed stone.〉
16
豫清儉約素，賞賜皆散之將士。 每胡、狄私遺，悉簿藏官，不入家； 家常貧匱。 雖殊類，咸高豫節。 〈《魏略》曰：鮮卑素利等數來客見，多以牛馬遺豫； 豫轉送官。 胡以爲前所與豫物顯露，不如持金。 乃密懷金三十斤，謂豫曰：「願避左右，我欲有所道。」 豫從之，胡因跪曰：「我見公貧，故前後遺公牛馬，公輒送官，今密以此上公，可以爲家資。」 豫張袖受之，荅其厚意。 胡去之後，皆悉付外，具以狀聞。 於是詔褒之曰：「昔魏絳開懷以納戎賂，今卿舉袖以受狄金，朕甚嘉焉。」 乃即賜絹五百匹。 豫得賜，分以其半藏小府，後胡復來，以半與之。〉 嘉平六年，下詔襃揚，賜其家錢糓。 語在 〈徐邈傳〉。
Tian Yu lived plainly and passed every bonus to the ranks. Nomad gifts went straight onto the ledgers for the government—never his purse; his own house stayed threadbare. Even foreigners honored his rectitude. 〈The Wei lüe adds: Suli's Xianbei visited often and loaded him with cattle and horses; Tian Yu forwarded each herd to the treasury. The tribes decided livestock was too obvious and switched to gold. They secretly carried thirty jin of gold and told Yu, "Please send away the attendants on left and right; we have something to say." Tian Yu cleared the room; they knelt and said: 'We knew you were poor—every herd went to the court; take this gold for your household.' He opened his sleeve, took the gold, and thanked them. When they left he wired every ounce to the authorities with a full memorial. An edict praised him: 'Wei Jiang once welcomed barbarian gifts with open arms; you mirror him—we applaud this.' The throne sent five hundred bolts of silk. He banked half in the lesser treasury and returned half on their next visit.〉 Jiaping 6 brought another imperial commendation and grants of coin and grain to his family. The passage continues in 〈the biography of Xu Miao.〉
17
牽招字子經，安平觀津人也。 年十餘歲，詣同縣樂隱受學。 後隱爲車騎將軍何苗長史，招隨卒業。 值京都亂，苗、隱見害，招俱與隱門生史路等觸蹈鋒刃，共殯斂隱屍，送喪還歸。 道遇寇鈔，路等皆悉散走。 賊欲斫棺取釘，招垂淚請赦。 賊義之，乃釋而去。 由此顯名。
Qian Zhao, courtesy Zijing, came from Guanjin in Anping. In his teens he studied under Le Yin of the same county. Le Yin later served He Miao as chief clerk; Qian Zhao stayed on to finish his schooling. Amid the capital's chaos both He Miao and Le Yin died; Qian Zhao joined Le Yin's pupil Shi Lu in dodging steel to prepare the corpse and bear the bier home. Bandits waylaid them on the road and Shi Lu's party scattered in flight. The robbers meant to splinter the coffin for the nails; Qian Zhao wept and pleaded for mercy. They respected his valor and let him pass. His reputation dates from that ordeal.
18
冀州牧袁紹辟爲督軍從事，兼領烏丸突騎。 紹舍人犯令，招先斬乃白，紹奇其意而不見罪也。 紹卒，又事紹子尚。 建安九年，太祖圍鄴。 尚遣招至上黨，督致軍糧。 未還，尚破走，到中山。 時尚外兄高幹爲并州刺史，招以并州左有恒山之險，右有大河之固，帶甲五萬，北阻彊胡，勸幹迎尚，并力觀變。 幹旣不能，而陰欲害招。 招聞之，間行而去，道隔不得追尚，遂東詣太祖。 太祖領冀州，辟爲從事。
Yuan Shao of Ji Province employed him as army-staff supervisor and put him over Wuhuan mounted raiders. When one of Yuan Shao's household broke the law Qian Zhao executed him first and reported afterward; Shao admired the nerve and held him blameless. After Yuan Shao died he served Yuan Shang. Jian'an 9: Cao Cao invested Ye. Yuan Shang sent him to Shangdang to rush grain to the army. Before he could return Yuan Shang had been routed and fled to Zhongshan. Yuan Shang's cousin Gao Gan held Bingzhou; Qian Zhao argued that province flanked Heng Mountain and the Yellow River, fielded fifty thousand men, and blocked the northern tribes—Gao should welcome Yuan Shang and pool strength while watching events. Gao Gan refused the advice and secretly plotted against Qian Zhao. Qian Zhao slipped away by back roads; blocked from joining Yuan Shang he rode east to Cao Cao. Cao Cao took Ji Province and enlisted him as an aide.
19
太祖將討袁譚，而柳城烏丸欲出騎助譚。 太祖以招嘗領烏丸，遣詣柳城。 到，值峭王嚴，以五千騎當遣詣譚。 又遼東太守公孫康自稱平州牧，遣使韓忠齎單于印綬往假峭王。 峭王大會群長，忠亦在坐。 峭王問招：「昔袁公言受天子之命，假我爲單于； 今曹公復言當更白天子，假我真單于； 遼東復持印綬來。 如此，誰當爲正？」 招荅曰：「昔袁公承制，得有所拜假； 中間違錯，天子命曹公代之，言當白天子，更假真單于，是也。 遼東下郡，何得擅稱拜假也？」 忠曰：「我遼東在滄海之東，擁兵百萬，又有扶餘、濊貊之用； 當今之勢，彊者爲右，曹操獨何得爲是也？」 招呵忠曰：「曹公允恭明哲，翼戴天子，伐叛柔服，寧靜四海，汝君臣頑嚚，今恃險遠，背違王命，欲擅拜假，侮弄神器，方當屠戮，何敢慢易咎毀大人？」 便捉忠頭頓築，拔刀欲斬之。 峭王驚怖，徒跣抱招，以救請忠，左右失色。 招乃還坐，爲峭王等說成敗之效，禍福所歸，皆下席跪伏，敬受勑教，便辭遼東之使，罷所嚴騎。
Cao Cao was marching on Yuan Tan while the Liucheng Wuhuan meant to reinforce Tan with horse. Because Qian Zhao had led Wuhuan troops before Cao Cao dispatched him to Liucheng. He arrived as King Qiao stiffened discipline—five thousand riders were ready to ride to Yuan Tan. Liaodong governor Gongsun Kang called himself governor of Ping Province and sent Han Zhong with a chanyu's ribbons to invest King Qiao. King Qiao convened the tribal headmen with Han Zhong in attendance. King Qiao asked Qian Zhao: 'Yuan Shao once claimed imperial mandate and named me chanyu in his stead; Lord Cao now says he will petition the throne again and grant me the genuine title; Liaodong has brought another seal and cord. Which commission should count?' Qian Zhao answered: 'Yuan Shao ruled under delegated authority and could hand out titles; when that went wrong the emperor invested Cao Cao—who must report south and reissue the true chanyu patent—that order holds. Liaodong is only a command—how dare it invent appointments on its own?' Han Zhong retorted: 'Our Liaodong fronts the sea, commands a vast host, and can call on Fuyu and Huimo; today the strong rule—why should Cao Cao alone speak for legitimacy?' Qian Zhao thundered: 'Cao Cao serves the Han throne—punishing rebels and soothing loyalists across the realm—while your master hides beyond the sea, defies imperial orders, trades counterfeit seals, and mocks the regalia; annihilation awaits you—how dare you insult him?' He seized Han Zhong by the hair smashed his face on the floor and drew steel to execute him. King Qiao bolted barefoot to clutch Qian Zhao and beg for Han Zhong; every witness went pale. Qian Zhao resumed his seat and lectured the chiefs on profit and ruin until they knelt to obey—then he expelled Liaodong's envoy and canceled the mission to Yuan Tan.
20
太祖滅譚於南皮，署招軍謀掾，從討烏丸。 至柳城，拜護烏丸校尉。 還鄴，遼東送袁尚首，縣在馬市，招覩之悲感，設祭頭下。 太祖義之，舉爲茂才。 從平漢中，太祖還，留招爲中護軍。 事罷，還鄴，拜平虜校尉，將兵督青、徐州郡諸軍事，擊東萊賊，斬其渠率，東土寧靜。
After Cao Cao crushed Yuan Tan at Nanpi he named Qian Zhao army strategist for the Wuhuan expedition. At Liucheng he received the colonelcy over the Wuhuan. Back in Ye Liaodong displayed Yuan Shang's head in the horse market; Qian Zhao wept and sacrificed beneath it. Cao Cao praised his loyalty and nominated him flourishing talent. He helped take Hanzhong; Cao Cao then left him as central protector general. When duty ended he returned to Ye as colonel who Pacifies Captives commanding Qing and Xu forces crushed Donglai bandits and slew their leader—the east grew calm.
21
文帝踐阼，拜招使持節護鮮卑校尉，屯昌平。 是時，邊民流散山澤，又亡叛在鮮卑中者，處有千數。 招廣布恩信，招誘降附。 建義中郎將公孫集等率將部曲，咸各歸命； 使還本郡。 又懷來鮮卑素利、彌加等十餘萬落，皆令款塞。
Cao Pi's accession made Qian Zhao credential-bearing colonel of the Xianbei based at Changping. Frontier folk had fled to hills and swamps while thousands more hid among the Xianbei. He broadcast mercy and drew defectors in. Gongsun Ji and other officers marched their private troops to surrender; he sent them home to their districts. He also won over Suli Mijia and other Xianbei—over one hundred thousand tents—and brought them to the frontier passes.
22
大軍欲征吳，召招還，至，值軍罷，拜右中郎將，出爲鴈門太守。 郡在邊陲，雖有候望之備，而寇鈔不斷。 招旣教民戰陣，又表復烏丸五百餘家租調，使備鞌馬，遠遣偵候。 虜每犯塞，勒兵逆擊，來輙摧破，於是吏民膽氣日銳，荒野無虞。 又構閒離散，使虜更相猜疑。 鮮卑大人步度根、泄歸泥等與軻比能爲隙，將部落三萬餘家詣郡附塞。 勑令還擊比能，殺比能弟苴羅侯，及叛烏丸歸義侯王同、王寄等，大結怨讎。 是以招自出，率將歸泥等討比能於雲中故郡，大破之。 招通河西鮮卑附頭等十餘萬家，繕治陘北故上館城，置屯戍以鎮內外，夷虜大小莫不歸心，諸亡叛雖親戚不敢藏匿，咸悉收送。 於是野居晏閉，寇賊靜息。 招乃簡選有才識者，詣太學受業，還相授教，數年中庠序大興。 郡所治廣武，井水鹹苦，民皆擔輦遠汲流水，往返七里。 招準望地勢，因山陵之宜，鑿原開渠，注水城內，民賴其益。
The court planned war with Wu and recalled him; by the time he arrived the campaign was off—so he became general of the household right and Yanmen governor. Yanmen sat on the edge: guards stood watch yet raids never stopped. He drilled civilians in formation exempted over five hundred Wuhuan households from taxes to equip mounts and pushed scouts deep beyond the wall. Every raid met a counterstroke—nomads broke every time—until officials and farmers grew bold and the steppe grew quiet. He also played tribes against one another until mutual suspicion spread. Chiefs Budugen and Xieguini broke with Kebineng and brought thirty thousand tents to Yanmen's gates. He sent them back against Kebineng killed Kebineng's brother Juluohou and the turncoat Wuhuan nobles Wang Tong and Wang Ji—sparking bitter feud. Qian Zhao then led Xieguini into old Yunzhong and shattered Kebineng. He linked over one hundred thousand western Xianbei households led by Futou rebuilt Shanggu city north of the pass garrisoned it inside and out until every tribe acknowledged Han law—fugitives found no shelter even among kin. Hamlets barred their gates at dusk and brigandage ceased. He picked promising youths for Luoyang's academy who returned as teachers—within years schools flourished. Guangwu's wells ran salt and foul so families hauled sweet water seven li round trip. He read the hills cut channels from high ground and fed fresh water into the walls.
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明帝即位，賜爵關內侯。 太和二年228年，護烏丸校尉田豫出塞，爲軻比能所圍於故馬邑城，移招求救。 招即整勒兵馬，欲赴救豫。 并州以常憲禁招，招以爲節將見圍，不可拘於吏議，自表輙行。 又並馳布羽檄，稱陳形勢，云當西北掩取虜家，然後東行，會誅虜身。 檄到，豫軍踴躍。 又遺一通於虜蹊要，虜即恐怖，種類離散。 軍到故平城，便皆潰走。 比能復大合騎來，到故平州塞北。 招潛行撲討，大斬首級。 招以蜀虜諸葛亮數出，而比能狡猾，能相交通，表爲防備，議者以爲縣遠，未之信也。 會亮時在祁山，果遣使連結比能。 比能至故北地石城，與相首尾。 帝乃詔招，使從便宜討之。 時比能已還漠南，招與刺史畢軌議曰：「胡虜遷徙無常。 若勞師遠追，則遲速不相及。 若欲潛襲，則山溪艱險，資糧轉運，難以密辦。 可使守新興、鴈門二牙門，出屯陘北，外以鎮撫，內令兵田，儲畜資糧，秋冬馬肥，州郡兵合，乘釁征討，計必全克。」 未及施行，會病卒。 招在郡十二年，威風遠振。 其治邊之稱，次於田豫，百姓追思之。 而漁陽傅容在鴈門有名績，繼招後，在遼東又有事功云。
When Emperor Ming took the throne, Qian Zhao received a secondary marquisate inside the passes. Taihe 2 (228): Wuhuan colonel Tian Yu rode beyond the wall and was trapped by Kebineng at old Mayi; he appealed to Qian Zhao. Qian Zhao mustered troops to relieve him. Bingzhou regulations barred him, but Qian Zhao argued a besieged commander could not wait on clerks and marched on his own authority. He also sent urgent proclamations claiming he would strike the nomad camps northwest, then wheel east to kill Kebineng in person. Tian Yu’s men cheered when the message arrived. Another copy reached a nomad choke point; terror scattered the tribes. At old Pingcheng the enemy broke and ran. Kebineng rallied cavalry and returned north of old Pingzhou pass. Qian Zhao struck secretly and took many heads. Seeing Zhuge Liang’s repeated raids and Kebineng’s cunning, Qian Zhao warned of collusion; skeptics thought Yanmen too remote. Zhuge Liang was at Qishan and did send envoys to Kebineng. Kebineng reached old Shicheng in Beidi and coordinated with Shu. The emperor authorized Qian Zhao to strike as opportunity allowed. Kebineng had already withdrawn south of the desert; Qian Zhao told Bi Gui: "The tribes move unpredictably. A distant pursuit will never catch them. A secret raid is impossible over rugged streams with long supply lines. Hold Xinxing and Yanmen, camp north of the pass, farm and store grain, then when horses fatten in autumn combine commandery troops and strike—we will win." He died of illness before the plan could be executed. Twelve years in Yanmen spread his fame far. His frontier renown ranked just below Tian Yu’s; people mourned him. Fu Rong of Fuyang followed him at Yanmen with noted success and later served in Liaodong as well.
24
招子嘉嗣。 次子弘，亦猛毅有招風，以隴西太守隨鄧艾伐蜀有功，咸熈中爲振威護軍。 嘉與晉司徒李胤同母，早卒。 〈案《晉書》：弘後爲揚州、涼州刺史，以果烈死事於邊。 嘉子秀，字成叔。 荀綽《冀州記》曰：秀有儁才，性豪俠有氣，弱冠得美名。 於太康中爲衞瓘、崔洪、石崇等所提攜，以新安令博士爲司空從事中郎。 與帝舅黃門侍郎王愷素相輕侮。 愷諷司隷荀愷，令都官誣奏秀夜在道中載高平國守士田興妻。 秀即表訴被誣陷之由，論愷穢行，文辭尤厲。 于時朝臣雖多證明，秀名譽由是而損。 後張華請爲長史，稍遷至尚書。 河間王以秀爲平北將軍，假節，在馮翊遇害。 世人玩其辭賦，惜其材幹。〉
His son Qian Jia inherited the title. Second son Hong matched his father's grit as Longxi governor he earned laurels under Deng Ai against Shu and became protector Inspires Might under Jin. Qian Jia was Li Yin's half-brother and died young. 〈The Jin history adds that Hong later governed Yangzhou and Liangzhou and fell on the frontier proving his courage. Qian Jia's son Qian Xiu courtesy Chengshu. Xun Chuo's Ji Province gazetteer praises Xiu's genius brash heroism and early fame. Under Taikang Wei Guan Cui Hong and Shi Chong pulled him from Xin'an magistrate and doctorate to aide in the ministry of works. He traded insults for years with Wang Kai the emperor's uncle at the yellow gates. Kai nudged metropolitan commander Xun Kai to charge Qian Xiu with abducting Tian Xing's wife from Gaoping on the road at night. Qian Xiu fired back a memorial exposing the frame-up and Kai's filth in blistering prose. Many ministers defended him yet his name never recovered. Zhang Hua later employed him as chief clerk until he rose to secretary. The prince of Hejian named him Pacifies-the-North general with staff—he died at Fengyi. Later readers savor his verse and mourn the waste of his gifts.〉
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郭淮字伯濟，太原陽曲人也。 〈案 〈郭氏譜〉： 淮祖全，大司農； 父縕，鴈門太守。〉 建安中舉孝廉，除平原府丞。 文帝爲五官將，召淮署爲門下賊曹，轉爲丞相兵曹議令史，從征漢中。 太祖還，留征西將軍夏侯淵拒劉備，以淮爲淵司馬。 淵與備戰，淮時有疾不出。 淵遇害，軍中擾擾，淮收散卒，推盪寇將軍張郃爲軍主，諸營乃定。 其明日，備欲渡漢水來攻。 諸將議衆寡不敵，備便乘勝，欲依水爲陣以拒之。 淮曰：「此示弱而不足挫敵，非筭也。 不如遠水爲陣，引而致之，半濟而後擊，備可破也。」 旣陣，備疑不渡，淮遂堅守，示無還心。 以狀聞，太祖善之，假郃節，復以淮爲司馬。 文帝即王位，賜爵關內侯，轉爲鎮西長史。 又行征羌護軍，護左將軍張郃、冠軍將軍楊秋討山賊鄭甘、盧水叛胡，皆破平之。 關中始定，民得安業。
Guo Huai courtesy Boji was a native of Yangqu in Taiyuan. 〈Pei Songzhi opens an annotation with 〈the heading Genealogy of the Guo lineage.〉 It records that Guo Huai's grandfather Guo Quan served as minister of agriculture; his father Guo Yun governed Yanmen.〉 He earned recommendation as filial and incorrupt during Jian'an and became assistant to the Pingyuan governor. While crown prince Cao Pi enlisted him as gatehouse clerk for bandits then as military-affairs clerk under the chancellor and took him on the Hanzhong campaign. Cao Cao left Xiahou Yuan to face Liu Bei and made Guo Huai Yuan's major. Guo Huai stayed behind sick when Yuan fought Liu Bei. When Yuan fell the army panicked; Guo Huai rallied the fugitives and pushed Zhang He to command until order returned. Next day Liu Bei meant to ford the Han and strike. His officers feared Liu Bei's momentum and wanted to fight along the bank. Guo Huai said, "This shows weakness and is not enough to frustrate the enemy; it is no plan. Stand back from the river lure him halfway across then hit him—that breaks Liu Bei." They deployed; Liu Bei stalled at the ford while Guo Huai dug in showing no retreat. Cao Cao approved gave Zhang He the staff and kept Guo Huai as major. Cao Pi's kingship brought Guo Huai a secondary marquisate and the western headquarters chief clerk post. He also led the Qiang-conquest guards with Zhang He and Yang Qiu against Zheng Gan's hill bandits and Lushui rebels until both were crushed. The Guanzhong plain steadied and farmers returned to their fields.
26
黃初元年，奉使賀文帝踐阼，而道路得疾，故計遠近爲稽留。 及群臣歡會，帝正色責之曰：「昔禹會諸侯於塗山，防風後至，便行大戮。 今溥天同慶而卿最留遲，何也？」 淮對曰：「臣聞五帝先教導民以德，夏后政衰，始用刑辟。 今臣遭唐虞之世，是以自知免於防風之誅也。」 帝恱之，擢領雍州刺史，封射陽亭侯，五年爲真。 安定羗大帥辟蹏反，討破降之。 每羌、胡來降，淮輙先使人推問其親理，男女多少，年歲長幼； 及見，一二知其款曲，訊問周至，咸稱神明。
Huangchu 1: sent to greet Cao Pi's enthronement he fell ill en route and arrived late. At a court feast, Cao Pi sternly rebuked him, saying, "In the past Yu assembled the lords at Mount Tu; when Fangfeng arrived late, he immediately carried out a great execution. All the realm celebrates yet you lag worst—why?" Huai replied, "Your servant has heard that the Five Emperors first instructed and guided the people with virtue; when the Xia lord's government declined, punishments began to be used. I live under a sage-king like Yao and Shun—so I escape Fangfeng's fate." The emperor laughed promoted him acting Yongzhou inspector and village marquis of Sheyang—full appointment came in year five. When Anding Qiang chief Piti rose Guo Huai crushed him and took his surrender. Whenever Qiang or Hu defectors arrived Guo Huai first tallied kin counts ages and sexes; At interview he read each party after a detail or two questioned thoroughly and earned a reputation for uncanny judgment.
27
太和二年，蜀相諸葛亮出祁山，遣將軍馬謖至街亭，高詳屯列柳城。 張郃擊謖，淮攻詳營，皆破之。 又破隴西名羌唐蹏於枹罕，加建威將軍。 五年，蜀出鹵城。 是時，隴右無穀，議欲關中大運，淮以威恩撫循羌、胡，家使出穀，平其輸調，軍食用足，轉揚武將軍。 青龍二年，諸葛亮出斜谷，並田于蘭坑。 是時司馬宣王屯渭南； 淮策亮必爭北原，宜先據之，議者多謂不然。 淮曰：「若亮跨渭登原，連兵北山，隔絕隴道，搖盪民、夷，此非國之利也。」 宣王善之，淮遂屯北原。 塹壘未成，蜀兵大至，淮逆擊之。 後數日，亮盛兵西行，諸將皆謂欲攻西圍，淮獨以爲此見形於西，欲使官兵重應之，必攻陽遂耳。 其夜果攻陽遂，有備不得上。
Taihe 2: Zhuge Liang drove out of Qishan Ma Su toward Jieting and Gao Xiang toward Liuliu. Zhang He routed Ma Su while Guo Huai stormed Gao Xiang's camp—both Shu forces broke. He also crushed the prominent Longxi Qiang Tangti near Fuhan and took rank as Establishes Might general. Year five saw another Shu thrust out of Lucheng. Longyou wanted grain and debate favored hauling from Guanzhong; Guo Huai soothed tribes with blended awe and mercy until households tithed grain fair levies fed the army and he rose to Displays Martial Might general. Qinglong 2: Zhuge Liang emerged from Xie Valley and opened cooperative farms at Rank Hollow. Sima Yi held the south bank of the Wei. Guo Huai insisted Zhuge Liang would fight for the northern plateau and wanted to seize it first—most advisers disagreed. Huai said, "If Liang crosses the Wei, ascends the plateau, links troops with the northern hills, cuts off the Long road, and shakes the people and the Yi, this is not to the state's advantage." Sima Yi agreed so Guo Huai seized the northern plateau. Before the ditch works finished Shu attacked in strength; Guo Huai counterattacked. Days later Zhuge Liang feinted west; officers assumed a strike on the western perimeter—Guo Huai alone read it as a feint to draw Wei west while the real blow would hit Yangsui. That night Shu struck Yangsui but the garrison held and they failed to scale the walls.
28
正始元年240年，蜀將姜維出隴西。 淮遂進軍，追至彊中，維退，遂討羌迷當等，案撫柔氐三千餘落，拔徙以實關中。 遷左將軍。 涼州休屠胡梁元碧等，率種落二千餘家附雍州。 淮奏請使居安定之高平，爲民保鄣，其後因置西川都尉。 轉拜前將軍，領州如故。
Zhengshi 1 (240): Jiang Wei of Shu drove out of Longxi. Guo Huai pushed to Qiangzhong Jiang Wei pulled back then he attacked Qiang chief Midang pacified over three thousand Di households and relocated them to thicken Guanzhong settlement. He rose to general of the left. Li Yuanbi and Xutu Hu bands from Liangzhou brought over two thousand tents to Yongzhou's allegiance. He asked to settle them at Gaoping in Anding as a shield for civilians—later the westriver commandant post followed. He turned general of the van while still governing the province.
29
五年，夏侯玄伐蜀，淮督諸軍爲前鋒。 淮度勢不利，輙拔軍出，故不大敗。 還假淮節。 八年，隴西、南安、金城、西平諸羌餓何、燒戈、伐同、蛾遮塞等相結叛亂，攻圍城邑，南招蜀兵，涼州名胡治無戴復叛應之。 討蜀護軍夏侯霸督諸軍屯爲翅。 淮軍始到狄道，議者僉謂宜先討定枹罕，內平惡羌，外折賊謀。 淮策維必來攻霸，遂入渢中，轉南迎霸。 維果攻爲翅，會淮軍適至，維遁退。 進討叛羌，斬餓何、燒戈，降服者萬餘落。 九年，遮塞等屯河關、白土故城，據河拒軍。 淮見形上流，密於下渡兵據白土城，擊，大破之。 治無戴圍武威，家屬留在西海。 淮進軍趨西海，欲掩取其累重，會無戴折還，與戰於龍夷之北，破走之。 令居惡虜在石頭山之西，當大道止，斷絕王使。 淮還過討，大破之。 姜維出石營，從彊川，乃西迎治無戴，留陰平太守廖化於成重山築城，斂破羌保質。 淮欲分兵取之。 諸將以維衆西接彊胡，化以據險，分軍兩持，兵勢轉弱，進不制維，退不拔化，非計也，不如合而俱西，及胡、蜀未接，絕其內外，此伐交之兵也。 淮曰：「今往取化，出賊不意，維必狼顧。 比維自致，足以定化，且使維疲於奔命。 兵不遠西，而胡交自離，此一舉而兩全之策也。」 乃別遣夏侯霸等追維於沓中，淮自率諸軍就攻化等。 維果馳還救化，皆如淮計。 進封都鄉侯。
Year five Xiahou Xuan invaded Shu with Guo Huai commanding the van. Reading disaster in the odds Guo Huai pulled out early and avoided a rout. On withdrawal he received the credential staff. Year eight Longxi Nan'an Jinxi and Xiping Qiang—E He Shaoge Fatong Ezhesai—combined besieged cities called Shu south while Liangzhou's Zhi Wudai rebelled again to join them. Xiahou Ba Shu-conquest protector camped the host at Weichi. At Didao every adviser urged clearing Fuhan first to crush hostile Qiang inside and spoil Shu designs outside. Guo Huai bet Jiang Wei would strike Xiahou Ba so he slipped into Fengzhong and swung south to reinforce Ba. Jiang Wei did hit Weichi just as Guo Huai arrived—Wei withdrew. He marched against the rebels slew E He and Shaoge and enrolled over ten thousand tents. Year nine Zhesai held Heguan and old Bai tu astride the river to block Wei. Guo Huai feigned upstream movement slipped troops across downstream seized Bai tu city and smashed them. Zhi Wudai invested Wuwei while kin stayed at Lake Xihai. Guo Huai raced toward Xihai to loot trains—Zhi Wudai doubled back met him north of Longyi and fled broken. Hostile tribes west of Stone Mountain at Lingju blocked the highway and seized imperial couriers. Guo Huai smashed them on the march home. Jiang Wei sortied from Shiying up Qiangchuan west to link Zhi Wudai while prefect Liao Hua walled Chengzhong Mountain and rounded Poqiang hostages. Guo Huai meant to split forces and seize one wing. His officers argued Jiang Wei touches powerful tribes west while Liao Hua holds rugged ground splitting the army weakens both prongs—neither nails Jiang Wei nor takes Liao Hua better march west in one body before Shu links with the tribes sever inside from outside Sunzi's diplomacy stroke. Guo Huai countered, "If we now go take Liao Hua, we will emerge where the enemy does not expect it, and Jiang Wei will certainly look back in alarm. When Jiang Wei doubles back we can finish Liao Hua and leave Jiang Wei exhausted. No distant western march yet tribal allies peel away—one blow two gains." He sent Xiahou Ba after Jiang Wei in Taozhong while Guo Huai personally assaulted Liao Hua. Jiang Wei raced back to save Liao Hua exactly as Guo Huai predicted. His fief advanced to village marquis of Du township.
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嘉平元年249年，遷征西將軍，都督雍、涼諸軍事。 是歲，與雍州刺史陳泰恊策，降蜀牙門將句安等於翅上。 二年，詔曰：「昔漢川之役，幾至傾覆。 淮臨危濟難，功書王府。 在關右三十餘年，外征寇虜，內綏民夷。 比歲以來，摧破廖化，禽虜句安，功績顯著，朕甚嘉之。 今以淮爲車騎將軍、儀同三司，持節、都督如故。」 進封陽曲侯，邑凡二千七百八十戶，分三百戶，封一子亭侯。 《世語》曰：淮妻，王淩之妹。 淩誅，妹當從坐，御史往收。 督將及羌、胡渠帥數千人叩頭請淮表留妻，淮不從。 妻上道，莫不流涕，人人扼腕，欲劫留之。 淮五子叩頭流血請淮，淮不忍視，乃命左右追妻。 於是追者數千騎，數日而還。 淮以書白司馬宣王曰：「五子哀母，不惜其身； 若無其母，是無五子； 無五子，亦無淮也。 今輒追還，若於法未通，當受罪於主者，覲展在近。」 書至，宣王亦宥之。 正元二年薨，追贈大將軍，謚曰貞侯。 子統嗣。 統官至荊州刺史，薨。 子正嗣。 咸熈中，開建五等，以淮著勳前朝，改封汾陽子。 《晉諸公贊》曰：淮弟配，字仲南，有重名，位至城陽太守。 裴秀、賈充皆配女壻。 子展，字泰舒。 有器度幹用，歷職著績，終於太僕。 次弟豫，字泰寧，相國參軍，知名，早卒。 女適王衍。 配弟鎮，字季南，謁者僕射。 鎮子弈，字泰業。 山濤啟事稱弈高簡有雅量，歷位雍州刺史、尚書。
Jiaping 1 (249): Guo Huai became general who Conquers the West and commander of Yong and Liang. That year he and Yong inspector Chen Tai forced Shu yamen general Gou An to surrender at Chishang. The next year an edict recalled: "At Han River the realm nearly fell. Guo Huai saved the day; his merit is in the royal archives. For thirty years west of the pass he fought invaders abroad and soothed tribes at home. Lately he broke Liao Hua and captured Gou An—splendid service We greatly praise. We now make Guo Huai general of chariots and cavalry with Three Excellencies protocol, staff and command unchanged." His fief advanced to marquis of Yangqu with 2,780 households; 300 were set aside to enfeoff a son as village marquis. The Shiyu says Guo Huai’s wife was Wang Ling’s sister. When Wang Ling was executed his sister faced joint punishment and censors came to seize her. Thousands of officers and tribal chiefs begged Guo Huai to petition for his wife; he refused. As she was led away men wept and clenched their fists, ready to seize her back. His five sons kowtowed until they bled; Guo Huai could not watch and ordered her brought back. Thousands of riders chased her down and returned within days. Guo Huai wrote Sima Yi: "My sons mourn their mother and would give their lives; without her there are no sons; without sons there is no Guo Huai. I have brought her back; if the law forbids it, punish me—Zhan is nearby to witness." Sima Yi pardoned him when the letter arrived. He died in Zhengyuan 2 and was posthumously made grand general with the title Marquis Zhen. His son Guo Tong succeeded. Guo Tong became inspector of Jing Province and died in office. His son Guo Zheng succeeded. Under Xianxi’s five-rank system Guo Zheng was re-enfeoffed viscount of Fenyang for his father’s Wei service. The Jin zhugong zan records his brother Guo Pei, styled Zhongnan, a famed Chengyang governor. Pei Xiu and Jia Chong married his daughters. His son Guo Zhan, styled Taishu. Capable and effective, he served with distinction and died as minister of the stud. Younger brother Guo Yu, styled Taining, was a noted chancellor’s aide who died young. A daughter married Wang Yan. Guo Pei’s brother Guo Zhen, styled Jinan, was supervisor of the gentlemen-at-the-palace gate. Guo Zhen’s son Guo Yi, styled Taiye. Shan Tao praised Guo Yi as lofty and measured; he served as Yongzhou inspector and secretary.
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評曰：滿寵立志剛毅，勇而有謀。 田豫居身清白，規畧明練。 牽招秉義壯烈，威績顯著。 郭淮方策精詳，垂問秦、雍。 而豫位止小州，招終於郡守，未盡其用也。
Appraisal: Man Chong was stern resolute brave and resourceful. Tian Yu lived incorruptibly and planned with lucid skill. Qian Zhao upheld duty with fiery valor and striking achievement. Guo Huai engineered meticulous campaigns and framed frontier policy for Qinzhou and Yongzhou. Yet Tian Yu never rose beyond a small province and Qian Zhao died a mere governor—their talents were never fully spent.