1
鄧芝字伯苗，義陽新野人，漢司徒禹之後也。 漢末入蜀，未見知待。 時益州從事張裕善相，芝往從之，裕謂芝曰：「君年過七十，位至大將軍，封侯。」 芝聞巴西太守龐羲好士，往依焉。 先主定益州，芝為郫邸閣督。 先主出至郫，與語，大奇之，擢為郫令，遷廣漢太守。 所在清嚴有治績，入為尚書。
Deng Zhi, courtesy name Bomiao, came from Xinye in Yiyang and traced his line to Yu, who had served the Han as Minister of Education. Late in the Han he went into Shu, where no one took notice of him or gave him a post. The Yizhou Adjunct Zhang Yu was a skilled physiognomist; Zhi sought him out, and Yu told him, "You will live past seventy, rise to Grand General, and receive a marquisate." Hearing that Pang Xi, the Administrator of Baxi, welcomed men of talent, Zhi went to join him. After the First Sovereign secured Yizhou, Zhi served as foreman of the courier lodge at Pi. The First Sovereign traveled to Pi, spoke with him, was deeply impressed, named him magistrate of Pi, and soon promoted him to Administrator of Guanghan. Wherever he served he ran a tight, incorrupt administration and left a solid record, and he was recalled to court as Minister Secretary.
2
延熙六年，就遷為車騎將軍，後假節。 十一年，涪陵國人殺都尉反叛，芝率軍征討，即梟其渠帥，百姓安堵， 〈《華陽國志》曰：芝徵涪陵，見玄猿緣山。 芝性好弩，手自射猿，中之。 猿拔其箭，卷木葉塞其創。 芝曰：「嘻，吾違物之性，其將死矣！」 一曰：芝見猿抱子在樹上，引弩射之，中猿母，其子為拔箭，以木葉塞創。 芝乃嘆息，投弩水中，自知當死。〉 十四年卒。
In Yanxi 6 he was promoted to General of Chariots and Cavalry and later received the credential staff. In the eleventh year the people of Fuling killed their Commandant and rose in revolt; Zhi led a punitive expedition, executed their leaders at once, and the populace was left in peace. 〈The Huayang Guozhi records that on the Fuling campaign Zhi saw a dark ape moving along the mountainside. Zhi loved the crossbow; he took aim himself and struck the ape. The animal pulled the bolt free, rolled leaves together, and packed them into the wound. Zhi exclaimed, "I have violated the way of living things—I fear my end is near." Another account says Zhi saw a mother ape cradling her infant in a tree, shot her with his crossbow, and watched the young one pull out the bolt and stanch the wound with leaves. He sighed, cast his crossbow into the water, and accepted that death was coming for him.〉 He died in the fourteenth year of the reign.
3
芝為 （大） 將軍二十餘年，賞罰明斷，善卹卒伍。 身之衣食資仰於官，不苟素儉，然終不治私產，妻子不免飢寒，死之日家無餘財。 性剛簡，不飾意氣，不得士類之和。 於時人少所敬貴，唯器異姜維雲。 子良，襲爵，景耀中為尚書左選郎，晉朝廣漢太守。
Zhi served as Editorial gloss: read da, “great,” immediately before the following phrase “general.” general for over two decades, with clear, firm discipline and a genuine concern for the men under his command. He lived on his official stipend rather than affect austerity, yet he never built a private fortune; his family still knew want, and when he died there was nothing left in the house. He was blunt and undemonstrative, made no effort to smooth his manner, and won little goodwill among the literati. Few of his contemporaries held him in esteem; alone among them he singled out Jiang Wei for exceptional regard. His son Liang inherited the title, served as Left Selection Gentleman under the Ministers during Jingyao, and under the Jin became Administrator of Guanghan.
4
張翼字伯恭，犍為武陽人也。 高祖父司空浩，曾祖父廣陵太守綱，皆有名跡。 〈《益部耆舊傳》曰：浩字叔明，治律、春秋，遊學京師，與廣漢鐔粲、漢中李郃、蜀郡張霸共結為友善。 大將軍鄧騭闢浩，稍遷尚書僕射，出為彭城相，薦隱士閭丘邈等，徵拜廷尉。 延光三年，安帝議廢太子，唯浩與太常桓焉、太僕來歷議以為不可。 順帝初立，拜浩司空，年八十三卒。 《續漢書》曰：綱字文紀，少以三公子經明行脩舉孝廉，不就司徒闢，以高第為侍御史。 漢安元年，拜光祿大夫，與侍中杜喬等八人同日受詔，持節分出，案行天下貪廉，墨綬有罪便收，刺史二千石以驛表聞，威惠清忠，名振郡國，號曰八雋。 是時，大將軍梁冀侵擾百姓，喬等七人皆奉命四出，唯綱獨埋車輪於洛陽都亭不去，曰：「豺狼當路，安問狐狸？」 遂上書曰：「大將軍梁冀、河南尹不疑，蒙外戚之援，荷國厚恩，以芻蕘之姿，安居阿保，不能敷揚五教，翼贊日月，而專為封豕長蛇，肆其貪饕，甘心好貨，縱恣無厭，多樹諂諛以害忠良，誠天威所不赦，大辟所宜加也。 謹條其無君之心十五事於左，皆忠臣之所切齒也。」 書奏禦，京師震悚。 時冀妹為皇后，內寵方盛，冀兄弟權重於人主，順帝雖知綱言不誣，然無心治冀。 冀深恨綱。 會廣陵賊張嬰等眾數万人殺刺史二千石，冀欲陷綱，乃諷尚書以綱為廣陵太守； 若不為嬰所殺，則欲以法中之。 前太守往，輒多請兵，及綱受拜，詔問當得兵馬幾何，綱對曰無用兵馬，遂單車之官，徑詣嬰壘門，示以禍福。 嬰大驚懼，走欲閉門。 綱又於門外罷遣吏兵，留所親者十餘人，以書語其長老素為嬰所信者，請與相見，問以本變，因示以詔恩，使還請嬰。 嬰見綱意誠，即出見綱。 綱延置上坐，問其疾苦，禮畢，乃謂之曰：「前後二千石，多非其人，杜塞國恩，肆其私求。 鄉郡遠，天子不能朝夕聞也，故民人相聚以避害。 二千石信有罪矣； 為之者乃非義也。 忠臣不欺君以自榮，孝子不損父以求福，天子聖 （人） ，欲文德以來之，故使太守來，思以爵祿相榮，不原以刑也。 今誠轉禍為福之時也； 若聞義不服，天子赫然發怒，大兵雲合，豈不危乎！ 宜深計其利害。」 嬰聞，泣曰：「荒裔愚人，數為二千石所侵枉，不堪其困，故遂相聚偷生。 明府仁及草木，乃嬰等更生之澤，但恐投兵之日，不免孥戮耳。」 綱曰：「豈其然乎！ 要之以天地，誓之以日月，方當相顯以爵位，何禍之有乎？」 嬰曰：「苟赦其罪，得全首領以就農畝，則抱戴沒齒，爵祿非所望也。」 嬰雖為大賊，起於狂暴，自以為必死，及得綱言，曠然開明，乃辭還營。 明日，遂將所部萬餘人，與妻子麵縛詣綱降。 綱悉釋縛慰納，謂嬰曰：「卿諸人一旦解散，方垂蕩然，當條名上之，必受封賞。」 嬰曰：「乞歸故業，不原以穢名汙明時也。」 綱以其至誠，乃各從其意，親為安處居宅。 子弟欲為吏者，隨才任職，欲為民者，勸以農桑，田業並豐，南州晏然。 論功，綱當封，為冀所遏絕，故不得侯。 天子美其功，徵欲用之。 嬰等上書，乞留在郡二歲。 建康元年，病卒官，時年三十六。 嬰等三百餘人，皆衰杖送綱喪至洛陽，葬訖，為起塚立祠，四時奉祭，思慕如喪考妣。 天子追念不已，下詔褒揚，除一子為郎。〉
Zhang Yi, courtesy name Bogong, was a native of Wuyang in Qianwei. His great-great-grandfather Hao had been Minister of Works and his great-grandfather Gang Administrator of Guangling; both left distinguished reputations. 〈The Yibu Qi Jiu Zhuan describes Hao (courtesy Shuming) as a student of law and the Spring and Autumn who studied in the capital and formed a close circle with Tan Can of Guanghan, Li He of Hanzhong, and Zhang Ba of Shu. The Later Han grand marshal Deng Zhi summoned Hao to office; he rose to Vice Minister Secretary, then became chancellor of Pengcheng, where he recommended recluses including Lüqiu Miao, before being summoned back as Commandant of Justice. In Yanguang 3, when Emperor An debated deposing the crown prince, Hao, Huan Yan the Minister of Ceremonies, and Lai Li the Minister of Coachmen were the only ministers who argued against it. When Emperor Shun came to the throne, Hao was named Minister of Works; he died at eighty-three. The Xu Hanshu says Gang, courtesy Wenji, was recommended Filial and Incorrupt in his youth as one of the classicist sons of the three dukes; he declined the Minister of Education’s summons and entered service with distinction as Attending Secretary. In Han'an 1 he became Grand Counsellor and, with Du Qiao and six other men, received commissions the same day to tour the realm with full credentials, arrest corrupt officials bearing the black ribbon, and memorialize on inspectors and two-thousand-bushel ranks by express courier. Their reputation for stern integrity spread through every commandery, and contemporaries dubbed them the Eight Exemplars. While Grand General Liang Ji tyrannized the people, Du Qiao’s party of seven fanned out on imperial orders, but Gang alone drove to the Luoyang lodge, buried his wheels, and refused to move, declaring, "When wolves bar the road, who troubles himself over foxes?" He thereupon submitted a memorial saying: "Grand General Liang Ji and Prefect of Henan Yin Bu Yi, relying on support as outer kin, have borne the state's thick kindness, yet with the posture of firewood-gatherers sit at ease as nursemaids; they cannot spread the Five Teachings or assist the sun and moon, but are wholly a great boar and long serpent, indulging their greed and gluttony, willingly loving goods, wantonly insatiable, planting many flatterers to harm the loyal and good—truly what heavenly majesty will not pardon and what great execution should be applied to. I respectfully append fifteen counts of his disloyal designs; each would make a faithful minister grind his teeth in rage." When the memorial reached the emperor, the whole capital shook with apprehension. Ji’s sister sat as empress, palace favor ran high, and the Liang brothers outweighed the throne; Emperor Shun knew Gang spoke the truth yet would not move against Ji. Ji nursed a bitter grudge against Gang. When tens of thousands of Guangling rebels under Zhang Ying murdered the provincial inspector and senior officials, Ji saw a chance to destroy Gang and had the Minister Secretary name him Administrator of Guangling; if the bandits did not kill him, the law would be twisted to do it instead. Earlier appointees had demanded large escorts, but when the court asked Gang how many men he required, he answered none, drove alone to his post, rode straight to Zhang Ying’s camp, and laid out the consequences of resistance or submission. Zhang Ying panicked and ran to bar the gates. Outside the walls Gang sent the escort away, kept a dozen trusted followers, wrote to the clan elders Zhang Ying respected, met them to learn how the revolt began, explained the emperor’s offer of mercy, and sent them back to bring Ying out. Seeing that Gang meant what he said, Ying came out to meet him. Gang ushered him to the seat of honor, asked after the people’s hardships, and when the courtesies were done said, "Successive governors have mostly been the wrong men—throttling imperial kindness while serving private greed. Your lands lie far from the capital; the emperor cannot hear every grievance, so the people banded together simply to survive official abuse. Those governors may indeed have been guilty; but armed resistance was still the wrong course. Loyal ministers do not lie to advance themselves; filial sons do not wound their fathers for gain; the Son of Heaven is a sage Editorial gloss: ren completes the word shengren, “sage,” begun in the previous clause. Who means to win you with civil virtue rather than the sword. That is why he sent a governor—to honor you with rank and stipend, not to begin with the executioner’s block. This is the moment to trade ruin for safety; if you refuse a just settlement, the emperor’s wrath will fall and armies will mass like storm clouds—how could you escape disaster? Weigh the cost carefully." Ying wept and replied, "We are ignorant folk on the frontier, driven to desperation by one corrupt governor after another; we banded together only to cling to life. Your compassion touches even the grass, and it would give us a second life—yet we dread that the day we disarm will be the day our families are executed." Gang answered, "Nothing of the sort! I swear by heaven, earth, sun, and moon that you will be raised to honor with titles and stipends—what harm could come to you?" Ying said, "If you spare our lives and let us return to the plough, we will be grateful to our dying day; titles and salaries are more than we dare hope for." Though Ying had risen as a desperate outlaw and expected death, Gang’s words opened his eyes; he took his leave and went back to the camp. The next morning he brought more than ten thousand followers, with wives and children, hands tied behind their backs, and surrendered to Gang. Gang cut their bonds, reassured them, and said, "Disband your host and the countryside will be quiet again; I will list your names for the throne, and rewards will follow." Ying replied, "We ask only to resume our old trades; we would not stain this enlightened reign with the stigma of banditry." Moved by their sincerity, Gang granted every request and personally saw to their housing. Sons who wanted office received posts suited to their abilities; those who preferred farming were settled on the land with seed and silkworms until fields flourished again and the south grew calm. By rights Gang should have been ennobled for this, but Liang Ji blocked the award and he never received a marquisate. The emperor praised his service and summoned him to court for higher office. Zhang Ying and his followers petitioned that Gang be allowed to stay another two years as their governor. In Jiankang 1 he died of illness in post, aged thirty-six. Over three hundred of Ying’s men wore mourning and carried staffs all the way to Luoyang for Gang’s funeral; after the burial they built him a tomb and a shrine, kept the seasonal sacrifices, and mourned him as they would their own parents. The court could not forget him, issued a decree of commendation, and ennobled one of his sons as a Gentleman.〉
5
先主定益州，領牧，翼為書佐。 建安末，舉孝廉，為江陽長，徙涪陵令，遷梓潼太守，累遷至廣漢、蜀郡太守。 建興九年，為庲降都督、綏南中郎將。 翼性持法嚴，不得殊俗之歡心。 耆率劉冑背叛作亂，翼舉兵討冑。 冑未破，會被徵當還，群下咸以為宜便馳騎即罪，翼曰：「不然。 吾以蠻夷蠢動，不稱職故還耳，然代人未至，吾方臨戰場，當運糧積穀，為滅賊之資，豈可以黜退之故而廢公家之務乎？」 於是統攝不懈，代到乃發。 馬忠因其成基以破殄冑，丞相亮聞而善之。 亮出武功，以翼為前軍都督，領扶風太守。 亮卒，拜前領軍，追論討劉冑功，賜爵關內侯。 延熙元年，入為尚書，稍遷督建威，假節，進封都亭侯，征西大將軍。
After the First Sovereign took Yizhou and assumed the shepherd’s staff, Yi served him as a clerical aide. Late in the Jian’an period he was recommended Filial and Incorrupt, served as magistrate of Jiangyang and then Fuling, rose to Administrator of Zitong, and by steady promotion became Administrator of both Guanghan and Shu commanderies. In Jianxing 9 he was named Area Commander at Laixiang and General Who Pacifies the South. Yi enforced the law with a heavy hand and never won the affection of the local peoples. The chieftain Liu Zhou rebelled; Yi took the field against him. Before Zhou was crushed, orders arrived recalling Yi to court; his officers urged him to gallop straight to the capital and answer for any fault, but Yi said, "That would be wrong. I am recalled because the tribes rose and I failed in my post, but my successor is not here yet. I still stand on a battlefield—I must move grain and fill the granaries as the means to finish these rebels. How could I abandon public duty because of a personal setback?" He therefore kept command without slackening and only departed when his replacement arrived. Ma Zhong built on the position Yi had secured to destroy Liu Zhou; Chancellor Zhuge Liang heard the story and approved. On the Wugong expedition Liang named Yi commander of the van and concurrent Administrator of Fufeng. After Liang’s death he became Commander of the Center Army; his later success against Liu Zhou earned him a village marquisate inside the passes. In Yanxi 1 he entered the ministry, rose to supervise Jianwei with the credential staff, was advanced to village marquis at the metropolitan pavilion, and became General Who Conquers the West.
6
十八年，與衛將軍姜維俱還成都。 維議復出軍，唯翼廷爭，以為國小民勞，不宜黷武。 維不聽，將翼等行，進翼位鎮南大將軍。 維至狄道，大破魏雍州刺史王經，經眾死於洮水者以萬計。 翼曰：「可止矣，不宜復進，進或毀此大功。」 維大怒。 曰：「為蛇畫足。」 維竟圍經於狄道，城不能克。 自翼建異論，維心與翼不善，然常牽率同行，翼亦不得已而往。 景耀二年，遷左車騎將軍，領冀州刺史。 六年，與維咸在劍閣，共詣降鍾會於涪。 明年正月，隨會至成都，為亂兵所殺。 〈《華陽國志》曰：翼子微，篤志好學，官至廣漢太守。〉
In the eighteenth year of the reign he returned to Chengdu with Guards General Jiang Wei. When Wei proposed another northern campaign, Yi alone argued in open court that the realm was too small and the people too exhausted for further war. Wei ignored him, took Yi with the army, and promoted him to General Who Guards the South. At Didao Wei shattered Wei’s Inspector of Yongzhou, Wang Jing; tens of thousands of Jing’s men drowned in the Tao. Yi urged him to halt: "Press no further—you could throw away this victory." Wei flew into a rage. He snapped, "You are painting feet on a snake." Wei went on to besiege Wang Jing at Didao and failed to storm the walls. After that public disagreement Wei bore Yi a grudge yet kept dragging him on every expedition, and Yi had little choice but to follow. In Jingyao 2 he became General of Chariots and Cavalry of the Left and nominal Inspector of Ji Province. In the sixth year he and Wei were holding Jiange when they went together to surrender to Zhong Hui at Fu. The following first month he accompanied Hui to Chengdu and died in the mutiny. 〈The Huayang Guozhi adds that Yi's son Wei was a devoted scholar who rose to Administrator of Guanghan.〉
7
宗預字德艷，南陽安眾人也。 建安中，隨張飛入蜀。 建興初，丞相亮以為主簿，遷參軍右中郎將。 及亮卒，吳慮魏或承衰取蜀，增巴丘守兵萬人，一欲以為救援，二欲以事分割也。 蜀聞之，亦益永安之守，以防非常。 預將命使吳，孫權問預曰：「東之與西，譬猶一家，而聞西更增白帝之守，何也？」 預對曰：「臣以為東益巴丘之戍，西增白帝之守，皆事勢宜然，俱不足以相問也。」 權大笑，嘉其抗直，甚愛待之，見敬亞於鄧芝、費禕。 遷為侍中，徙尚書。
Zong Yu, courtesy name Deyan, came from Anzhong in Nanyang. During the Jian’an years he followed Zhang Fei into Shu. Early in Jianxing Chancellor Zhuge Liang appointed him chief clerk, then promoted him to army adviser and General of the Right Center. After Liang’s death Wu feared that Wei might strike Shu in her weakness and posted ten thousand extra troops at Baqiu—partly as a relief force, partly as leverage for a partition of the west. Shu responded by reinforcing Yong’an against any surprise from the east. When Zong Yu went to Wu on a mission, Sun Quan asked him, "We east and you west are supposed to be one family—so why have I heard that Shu has strengthened the garrison at Baidi?" Yu answered, "On our side we strengthened Yong’an when you reinforced Baqiu; both moves fit the circumstances. Neither side has anything to reproach the other about." Quan roared with approval, praised his plainspoken courage, and favored him almost as highly as Deng Zhi or Fei Yi. He was promoted to Palace Attendant, then transferred into the ministry as a regular minister.
8
咸熙元年春，化、預俱內徙洛陽，道病卒。
In the spring of Xianxi 1, Liao Hua and Zong Yu were both ordered to relocate to Luoyang; Yu died of illness on the journey.
9
楊戲字文然，犍為武陽人也。 少與巴西程祁公弘、巴郡楊汰季儒、蜀郡張表伯達並知名。 戲每推祁以為冠首，丞相亮深識之。 戲年二十餘，從州書佐為督軍從事，職典刑獄，論法決疑，號為平當，府闢為屬主簿。 亮卒，為尚書右選部郎，刺史蔣琬請為治中從事史。 琬以大將軍開府，又闢為東曹掾，遷南中郎參軍，副貳庲降都督，領建寧太守。 以疾徵還成都，拜護軍監軍，出領梓潼太守，入為射聲校尉，所在清約不煩。 延熙二十年，隨大將軍姜維出軍至芒水。 戲素心不服維，酒後言笑，每有傲弄之辭。 維外寬內忌，意不能堪，軍還，有司承旨奏戲，免為庶人。 後景耀四年卒。
Yang Xi, courtesy name Wenran, came from Wuyang in Qianwei. As a young man he was as well known as Cheng Qi of Baxi (courtesy Gonghong), Yang Tai of Ba (courtesy Jiru), and Zhang Biao of Shu (courtesy Boda). Xi always ranked Cheng Qi first among them, and Chancellor Zhuge Liang took careful note of him. In his twenties he rose from a provincial clerk to Army Supervisor Adjunct, where he handled penal matters, settled legal doubts, and earned a reputation for evenhanded justice; the administration then appointed him chief clerk. After Liang’s death he served as a gentleman in the ministry’s right selection bureau; Inspector Jiang Wan then asked him to take the post of headquarters adjutant. When Wan opened his grand-general’s bureau he took Xi on as Eastern Bureau clerk, then promoted him to adviser to the southern-center general, deputy to the Laixiang area commander, and acting Administrator of Jianning. Recalled to Chengdu on grounds of illness, he became Protector and army supervisor, then left office to govern Zitong, returned as Colonel of Archers Who Shoot at a Sound, and everywhere left a record for clean, unburdensome rule. In Yanxi 20 he marched with Grand General Jiang Wei’s host to Mangshui. Xi had never respected Jiang Wei in his heart; over wine his talk often turned sarcastic and dismissive. Jiang Wei was outwardly magnanimous but inwardly touchy; when the army came home his partisans memorialized against Xi, who was stripped of rank and reduced to commoner status. He died in Jingyao 4.
10
戲性雖簡惰省略，未嘗以甘言加人，過情接物。 書符指事，希有盈紙。 然篤於舊故，居誠存厚。 與巴西韓儼、黎韜童幼相親厚，後儼痼疾廢頓，韜無行見捐，戲經紀振卹，恩好如初。 又時人謂譙周無當世才，少歸敬者，唯戲重之，嘗稱曰：「吾等後世，終自不如此長兒也。」 有識以此貴戲。
Xi was terse and sparing of words—he never flattered anyone or put on airs in company. His letters and memoranda were so brief they seldom filled a page. Yet toward old friends he was steadfastly loyal and warm. He had been close to Han Yan of Baxi and Li Tao since childhood; when Han was crippled by chronic illness and Li was shunned for scandalous behavior, Xi still managed their affairs and gave them relief until the old affection was restored. Contemporaries dismissed Qiao Zhou as lacking practical talent, and few deferred to him; Xi alone held him in esteem and once remarked, "Men like us will never match that man in the long run." Thoughtful men prized Xi all the more for that.
11
張表有威儀風觀，始名位與戲齊，後至尚書，督庲降後將軍，先戲沒。 祁、汰各早死。 〈戲同縣後進有李密者，字令伯。 《華陽國志》曰：密祖父光，硃提太守。 父早亡。 母何氏，更適人。 密見養於祖母。 治春秋左氏傳，博覽多所通涉，機警辯捷。 事祖母以孝聞，其侍疾則泣涕側息，日夜不解帶，膳飲湯藥，必自口嘗。 本郡禮命不應，州闢從事尚書郎，大將軍主簿，太子洗馬，奉使聘吳。 吳主問蜀馬多少，對曰：「官用有餘，人間自足。」 吳主與群臣汎論道義，謂寧為人弟，密曰：「原為人兄矣。」 吳主曰：「何以為兄？」 密曰：「為兄供養之日長。」 吳主及群臣皆稱善。 蜀平後，征西將軍鄧艾聞其名，請為主簿，及書招，欲與相見，皆不往。 以祖母年老，心在色養。 晉武帝立太子，徵為太子洗馬，詔書累下，郡縣偪遣，於是密上書曰：「臣以險釁，夙遭閔兇，生孩六月，慈父見背，行年四歲，舅奪母志。 祖母劉，愍臣孤弱，躬見撫養。 臣少多疾病，九歲不行，零丁孤苦，至於成立，既無伯叔，終鮮兄弟，門衰祚薄，晚有兒息。 外無期功強近之親，內無應門五尺之童，煢煢孑立，形影相吊。 而劉早嬰疾病，常在床蓐，臣侍湯藥，未曾廢離。 逮奉聖朝，沐浴清化，前太守臣逵察臣孝廉，後刺史臣榮舉臣秀才，臣以供養無主，辭不赴命。 詔書特下，拜臣郎中，尋蒙國恩，除臣洗馬，猥以微賤，當侍東宮，非臣隕首所能上報。 臣具表聞，辭不就職。 詔書切峻，責臣逋慢，郡縣偪迫，催臣上道，州司臨門，急於星火。 臣欲奉詔奔馳，則劉病日篤，苟順私情，則告訴不許，臣之進退，實為狼狽。 伏惟聖朝以孝治天下，凡在故老，猶蒙矜愍，況臣孤苦，特為尤甚。 且臣少仕偽朝，歷職郎署，本圖宦達，不矜名節。 今臣亡國賤俘，至微至陋，猥蒙拔擢，寵命優渥，豈敢盤桓，有所希冀？ 但以劉日薄西山，氣息奄奄，人命危淺，朝不慮夕。 臣無祖母，無以至今日，祖母無臣，亦無以終餘年，母孫二人，更相為命，是以區區不敢廢遠。 臣今年四十有四，祖母劉今年九十有六，是臣盡節於陛下之日長，報養劉之日短也。 烏鳥私情，原乞終養。 臣之辛苦，非徒蜀之人士及二州牧伯所見明知，皇天后土，實所共鑑。 原陛下矜愍愚誠，聽臣微志，庶劉僥倖，保卒餘年。 臣生當隕首，死當結草，臣不勝犬馬怖懼之情！」 武帝覽表曰：「密不空有名也。」 嘉其誠款，賜奴婢二人，下郡縣供養其祖母奉膳。 及祖母卒，服終，從尚書郎為河內溫縣令，政化嚴明。 中山諸王每過溫縣，必責求供給，溫吏民患之。 及密至，中山王過縣，欲求芻茭薪蒸，密箋引高祖過沛，賓禮老幼，桑梓之供，一無煩擾，「伏惟明王孝思惟則，動識先戒，本國望風，式歌且舞，誅求之碎，所未聞命。」 自後諸王過，不敢有煩。 隴西王司馬子舒深敬友密，而貴勢之家憚其公直。 密去官，為州大中正，性方直，不曲意勢位。 後失荀勖、張華指，左遷漢中太守，諸王多以為冤。 一年去官，年六十四卒。 著述理論十篇，安東將軍胡熊與皇甫士安並善之。〉
Zhang Biao carried himself with dignity; he had once stood on a par with Xi, rose to minister, and became Rear General under the Laixiang command—yet he died before Xi did. Cheng Qi and Yang Tai both died young. 〈Among the younger men of Xi’s county was Li Mi, courtesy name Lingbo. The Huayang Guozhi states that Mi’s grandfather Guang had been Administrator of Zhuti. His father died when he was still a child. His mother, the Lady He, remarried. He was brought up by his grandmother. He mastered the Zuo commentary to the Spring and Autumn, read widely, and was quick-witted in debate. His care for her won him a name for filial piety: when she fell ill he wept beside her couch, went without undressing night and day, and tasted every dish and dose of medicine himself. He declined local appointment but accepted successive posts as provincial adjutant, gentleman in the ministry, chief clerk to the grand general, and heir-apparent attendant, and was sent on a mission to Wu. When the Wu sovereign asked how many horses Shu possessed, Mi answered, "The government stables have enough, and the people have all they need." The ruler of Wu with his ministers broadly discussed the Way and righteousness, saying it was better to be another's younger brother; Mi said: "I would rather be another's elder brother." The ruler of Wu said: "By what is one an elder brother?" Mi replied, "An elder brother bears the burden of support for far longer." The Wu ruler and his courtiers applauded the answer. After the conquest of Shu, Deng Ai the western conqueror general, hearing of him, offered him the post of chief clerk and wrote inviting a meeting; Mi declined every overture. His grandmother was old, and his whole mind was set on caring for her in person. When Emperor Wu of Jin named a crown prince, Mi was summoned as heir-apparent attendant; repeated edicts and county pressure forced the issue, and he presented the memorial that begins, "Your servant has had a hard fate: bereavement came early—my father died before I was a year old, and at four my uncle forced my mother to remarry. My grandmother, the Lady Liu, took pity on my orphan weakness and raised me with her own hands. I was often ill as a child and could not walk until I was nine; I grew up alone, without uncles or brothers, my house declined and heirs came late. I had no kinsmen near enough to lean on, no servant even tall enough to answer the door—I stood utterly alone, only my shadow for company. The Lady Liu has long been bedridden; I have nursed her without a day’s absence. Under this enlightened reign I was bathed in grace: Governor Kui nominated me Filial and Incorrupt, then Inspector Rong nominated me as a cultivated talent; each time I pleaded that no one else could care for my grandmother and stayed home. Special edicts made me a gentleman of the interior, then heir-apparent attendant—offices a man as humble as I could never repay even with my life. I laid the whole case before the throne and begged leave not to take up the post. The court’s tone turned harsh, accusing me of evasion; county and prefecture hounded me onto the road, and provincial officers stood at my gate as pressing as fire. If I obey the summons my grandmother’s illness grows worse; if I yield to family feeling the law will not hear my plea—I am caught on every side. The Jin governs all under heaven by filial piety; even common elders receive compassion, and my case is more desperate than theirs. Moreover I once served Shu in petty clerkships, seeking only a career, not a reputation for purity. Now I am a captive of a fallen state, mean and obscure; that Your Majesty should honor me so—how could I linger out of ambition? But the Lady Liu is like the setting sun—each breath may be her last; she may not survive the day. Without my grandmother I would not be alive; without me she cannot live out her years—we sustain each other, which is why I cannot leave her side. I am forty-four and she ninety-six: the years in which I might serve Your Majesty will be many, but the days left to repay her are few. Even crows repay their parents; I beg leave to nurse her to the end. My plight is plain to every man in Shu and to the governors of Liang and Yi; Heaven and Earth are witness. I beg Your Majesty to pity this honest fool, grant my humble wish, and let the Lady Liu live out whatever years remain to her. Living, I will lay down my life for you; dead, I would tie the knot of grass—such is the trembling devotion of your dog-and-horse servant!" Emperor Wu read the petition and said, "This man’s fame is no hollow thing." He honored Mi’s sincerity with two bondmaids and ordered the local authorities to supply his grandmother’s meals. After her death and the end of mourning he left the ministry for the magistracy of Wen in Henei, where his government was noted for severity and clarity. Whenever the princes of Zhongshan passed through Wen they demanded lavish hospitality, to the misery of officials and commoners alike. When a prince of Zhongshan demanded fodder and fuel, Mi answered with a memorandum citing Gaozu’s passage through Pei, where he honored elders and took nothing from his home villages: "Your Highness models filial conduct; your own kingdom already sings your praise—petty exactions are orders I have not received." After that no prince dared trouble the county when passing through. Sima Zishu the Prince of Longxi esteemed Mi as a friend, while powerful families feared his impartial sternness. He later left office to serve as the province’s senior rectifier, upright by nature and unwilling to truckle to the mighty. He fell afoul of Xun Xu and Zhang Hua and was demoted to Administrator of Hanzhong—a move many princes thought unjust. He resigned within a year and died at sixty-four. He left ten essays on statecraft, praised alike by Hu Xiong the Pacifier of the East and the scholar Huangfu Mi.〉
12
季漢輔臣贊
Encomia on the Ministers Who Served Later Han
13
戲以延熙四年著《季漢輔臣贊》，其所頌述，今多載於蜀書，是以記之於左。 自此之後卒者，則不追諡，故或有應見稱紀而不在乎篇者也。 其戲之所贊而今不作傳者，餘皆注疏本末於其辭下，可以觕知其彷彿云爾。
Xi wrote the Encomia on the Ministers Who Served Later Han in Yanxi 4; most of the figures it celebrates already appear in the Book of Shu, so the text is set down here at left. Those who died afterward received no posthumous honors, so some who deserve mention never appear in these pages. For everyone Xi praised who lacks a full biography here, I have added notes beneath his lines so the reader may grasp the outline of their lives.
14
昔文王歌德，武王歌興，夫命世之主，樹身行道，非唯一時，亦由開基植緒，光於來世者也。 自我中漢之末，王綱棄柄，雄豪並起，役殷難結，生人塗地。 於是世主感而慮之，初自燕、代則仁聲洽著，行自齊、魯則英風播流，寄業荊、郢則臣主歸心，顧援吳、越則賢愚賴風，奮威巴、蜀則萬里肅震，厲師庸、漢則元寇斂跡，故能承高祖之始兆，复皇漢之宗祀也。 然而姦兇懟險，天徵未加，猶孟津之翔師，复須戰於鳴條也。 天祿有終，奄忽不豫。 雖攝歸一統，萬國合從者，當時俊乂扶攜翼戴，明德之所懷致也，蓋濟濟有可觀焉。 遂乃並述休風，動於後聽。 其辭曰：
King Wen sang of virtue and King Wu of renewal; a true founder does not shine for one reign alone—he lays the foundations whose light reaches generations yet unborn. From the late middle Han the imperial order collapsed, warlords rose together, endless levies bound the land, and the common people were trampled like mud. Our sovereign read the signs: from Yan and Dai his kindness spread; through Qi and Lu his heroism was known; in Jingzhou he won the hearts of lord and minister; turning to Wu and Yue he gave sage and simple alike a rallying point; his power in Ba and Shu shook the realm; his armies along the Han stilled the great rebels—thus he picked up the thread of the High Founder and restored the Han ancestral cult. Yet villainy still festered and Heaven’s axe had not fallen—it was still the host halted at Meng Ford, still a Mingtiao yet to be fought. Heaven’s mandate reached its close; he fell suddenly ill. Though the realm was gathered again under one rule, it was the brilliant men of the age who lifted and shielded him—drawn by his luminous virtue—in a host well worth the telling. Here I join in recounting that fair renown for later ears. The verses run:
15
皇帝遺植，爰滋八方，
The August Emperor’s seed, sown abroad, quickened life in every quarter,
16
別自中山，靈精是鍾，
Sprung from Zhongshan, where numinous essence pooled,
17
順期挺生，傑起龍驤。
He rose in his destined hour, a hero rearing like a dragon in full stride.
18
始於燕代，伯豫君荊，
From Yan and Dai he set out, lord of Yu and master of Jing,
19
吳越憑賴，望風請盟，
Wu and Yue leaned on him and sued for alliance at the first rumor of his power,
20
挾巴跨蜀，庸漢以並。
He clasped Ba and Shu and joined Yong and Han in one grip.
21
乾坤复秩，宗祀惟寧，
Heaven and earth regained their order; the ancestral temple knew peace again,
22
躡基履跡，播德芳聲。
Following the ancient track, he spread virtue whose fragrance lingers still.
23
華夏思美，西伯其音，
All China recalls his grace—the Western Earl’s music lives again in him,
24
開慶來世，歷載攸興。 ──贊昭烈皇帝
Opening joy for ages to come, year on year his glory grew. ──In praise of Emperor Zhaolie
25
忠武英高，獻策江濱，
Loyal and martial, towering in genius, he laid his plans beside the river,
26
攀吳連蜀，權我世真。
He bound Wu to Shu and held the true measure of our age,
27
受遺阿衡，整武齊文，
He took the dying charge like Yi Yin, set war in order and brought culture to heel,
28
敷陳德教，理物移風，
He spread moral instruction, set affairs to rights, and shifted the customs of the land,
29
賢愚競心，僉忘其身。
Worthy and simple alike gave their hearts and thought nothing of self.
30
誕靜邦內，四裔以綏，
He brought calm within the realm and peace to the four frontiers,
31
屢臨敵庭，實耀其威，
Time after time he faced the foe and flashed terror from his banners,
32
研精大國，恨於未夷。 ──贊諸葛丞相
He mastered the arts of statecraft against a mighty foe, and died with the north still unconquered. ──In praise of Chancellor Zhuge Liang
33
司徒清風，是諮是臧，
Minister Xu, clear as a spring wind—men sought his counsel and found him true,
34
識愛人倫，孔音鏘鏘。 ──讚許司徒
He cherished the bonds between men; his voice rang like polished jade. ──In praise of Minister Xu Jing
35
關張赳赳，出身匡世，
Guan and Zhang rose in martial splendor to set the world aright,
36
扶翼攜上，雄壯虎烈。
They lifted their sovereign on their shoulders, fierce as tigers in the fray.
37
籓屏左右，翻飛電發，
They were his shield on either hand, striking like sudden lightning,
38
濟於艱難，贊主洪業，
They carried him through peril and built the greatness of his reign,
39
侔跡韓耿，齊聲雙德。
Their fame stands with Han Xin and Geng Yan—two names, one measure of worth.
40
交待無禮，並致姦慝，
Their dealings with allies turned rash; together they courted disaster,
41
悼惟輕慮，隕身匡國。 ──贊關雲長、張益德
Thoughtless pride cost their lives even as they fought for the realm. ──In praise of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei
42
驃騎奮起，連橫合從，
The Swift Cavalry lord roused himself, weaving leagues east and west,
43
首事三秦，保據河潼。
He opened war in the Three Qins and held the Tong Gate and the Yellow River,
44
宗計於朝，或異或同，
Court factions debated his strategy—some for, some against,
45
敵以乘釁，家破軍亡。
The enemy seized his mistake; his line was ruined, his host destroyed.
46
乖道反德，託鳳攀龍。 ──贊馬孟起
He had strayed from the right path, yet in the end he cast his lot with the rising dragon. ──In praise of Ma Chao
47
翼侯良謀，料世興衰，
Lord Yi read the tides of fortune with a strategist’s cold eye,
48
委質於主，是訓是諮，
He gave himself to his sovereign—to teach him and to warn him,
49
暫思經算，睹事知機。 ──贊法孝直
His mind ran the numbers in an instant; he saw each crisis coming. ──In praise of Fa Zheng
50
軍師美至，雅氣曄曄，
The director of the army, grace incarnate, radiated quiet brilliance,
51
致命明主，忠情發臆，
He staked his life on an enlightened master; loyalty poured from his heart,
52
惟此義宗，亡身報德。 ──贊龐士元
He was the very model of fealty—he spent his life repaying a debt of honor. ──In praise of Pang Tong
53
將軍敦壯，摧峰登難，
The general, solid as a fortress, broke enemy lines on the hardest ground,
54
立功立事，於時之幹。 ──贊黃漢昇
He built achievement on achievement—the mainstay of his generation. ──In praise of Huang Zhong
55
掌軍清節，亢然恆常，
He commanded with spotless honor, steady as a plumb line,
56
讜言惟司，民思其綱。 ──贊董幼宰
Candor was his office; the people looked to him as their standard. ──In praise of Dong He
57
安遠強志，允休允烈，
The Pacifier of the Far, iron in will, yet capable of mercy and of fire,
58
輕財果壯，當難不惑，
He cared little for gold, struck hard and fast, and never flinched in danger,
59
以少禦多，殊方保業。 ──贊鄧孔山
He held a distant frontier with a handful against a host. ──In praise of Deng Fang
60
孔山名方，南郡人也。 以荊州從事隨先主入蜀。 蜀既定，為犍為屬國都尉，因易郡名，為硃提太守，選為安遠將軍、庲降都督，住南昌縣。 章武二年卒。 失其行事，故不為傳。
Deng Fang, style Kongshan, came from Nan commandery. He entered Shu as an aide on the Jingzhou staff. After the conquest he was named commandant of the Qianwei dependent state, then Administrator of the renamed Zhuti command, then General Who Pacifies the Far and area commander at Laixiang, with his seat at Nanchang. He died in Zhangwu 2. His career is no longer recorded, so no full biography is given.
61
揚威才幹，欷歔文武，
The Spreader of Might, gifted in both civil and military affairs,
62
當官理任，衎衎辯舉，
He ran his office with poise; his arguments rang clear and measured,
63
圖殖財施，有義有敘。 ──贊費賓伯
He grew rich only to give it away—with principle and good order. ──In praise of Fei Guan
64
賓伯名觀，江夏鄳人也。 劉璋母，觀之族姑，璋又以女妻觀。 觀建安十八年參李嚴軍，拒先主於綿竹，與嚴俱降，先主既定益州，拜為裨將軍，後為巴郡太守、江州都督，建興元年封都亭侯，加振威將軍。 觀為人善於交接。 都護李嚴性自矜高，護軍輔匡等年位與嚴相次，而嚴不與親褻； 觀年少嚴二十餘歲，而與嚴通狎如時輩雲。 年三十七卒。 失其行事，故不為傳。
Fei Guan, style Binbo, was a native of Mao in Jiangxia. Liu Zhang’s mother was Guan’s aunt by clan, and Zhang married a daughter to him. In Jian’an 18 he served under Li Yan against the First Sovereign at Mianzhu, surrendered with Yan, and after Yizhou fell was made lieutenant general, later Ba’s administrator and Jiangzhou area commander; in Jianxing 1 he received a village marquisate at the pavilion and the title General Who Spreads Might. Guan was a master of personal relations. Li Yan the director of retainers was arrogant by nature; Fu Kuang and other officers of similar age and rank could not win his intimacy; yet Guan, though more than twenty years his junior, moved in Yan’s circle as an equal. He died at thirty-seven. His career is no longer recorded, so no full biography is given.
65
屯騎主舊，固節不移，
The garrison cavalry colonel clung to old loyalties and never bent his honor,
66
既就初命，盡心世規，
From his first appointment he gave his whole heart to public duty,
67
軍資所恃，是辨是裨。 ──贊王文儀
The host leaned on him for supplies—for clarity and steady support. ──In praise of Wang Lian
68
尚書清尚，敕行整身，
The minister, austere in purpose, disciplined himself before others,
69
抗志存義，味覽典文，
He nursed a high purpose and loved the taste of canonical learning,
70
倚其高風，好侔古人。 ──贊劉子初
He walked in the wind of the ancients and strove to match their example. ──In praise of Liu Ba
71
安漢雍容，或婚或賓，
The Pacifier of Han, gracious in bearing—kinsman to some, guest to others,
72
見禮當時，是謂循臣。 ──贊麋子仲
Honored in his time, he was reckoned a model servant of the throne. ──In praise of Mi Zhu
73
少府修慎，鴻臚明真，
The minister of the lesser treasury, scrupulous; the grand herald, lucid and just,
74
諫議隱行，儒林天文。
The remonstrator in quiet service; masters of the classics and of the stars.
75
宣班大化，或首或林。 ──贊王元泰、何彥英、杜輔國、周仲直
They spread the king’s transforming power—some in the van, some in the ranks. ──In praise of Wang Mou, He Zong, Du Qiong, and Zhou Shu
76
王元泰名謀，漢嘉人也。 有容止操行。 劉璋時，為巴郡太守，還為州治中從事。 先主定益州，領牧，以為別駕。 先主為漢中王，用荊楚宿士零陵賴恭為太常，南陽黃柱為光祿勳，謀為少府； 建興初，賜爵關內侯，後代賴恭為太常。 恭、柱、謀皆失其行事，故不為傳。 恭子厷，為丞相西曹令史，隨諸葛亮於漢中，早夭，亮甚惜之，與留府長史參軍張裔、蔣琬書曰：「令史失賴厷，掾屬喪楊顒，為朝中損益多矣。」 顒亦荊州人也。 後大將軍蔣琬問張休曰：「漢嘉前輩有王元泰，今誰繼者？」 休對曰：「至於元泰，州里無繼，況鄙郡乎！」 其見重如此。 〈《襄陽記》曰：楊顒字子昭，楊儀宗人也。 入蜀，為巴郡太守，丞相諸葛亮主簿。 亮嘗自校簿書，顒直入諫曰：「為治有體，上下不可相侵，請為明公以作家譬之。 今有人使奴執耕稼，婢典炊爨，雞主司晨，犬主吠盜，牛負重載，馬涉遠路，私業無曠，所求皆足，雍容高枕，飲食而已，忽一旦盡欲以身親其役，不復付任，勞其體力，為此碎務，形疲神困，終無一成。 豈其智之不如奴婢雞狗哉？ 失為家主之法也。 是故古人稱坐而論道謂之三公，作而行之謂之士大夫。 故邴吉不問橫道死人而憂牛喘，陳平不肯知錢穀之數，云自有主者，彼誠達於位分之體也。 今明公為治，乃躬自校簿書，流汗竟日，不亦勞乎！」 亮謝之。 後為東曹屬典選舉。 顒死，亮垂泣三日。〉
Wang Mou, style Yuantai, came from Hanjia. He carried himself with dignity. Under Liu Zhang he governed Ba, then became the provincial headquarters adjutant. After the First Sovereign took Yizhou he named him chief clerk. When the First Sovereign became king of Hanzhong he appointed Lai Gong of Lingling Minister of Ceremonies, Huang Zhu of Nanyang superintendant of the household, and Wang Mou minister of the lesser treasury; Early in Jianxing he received a village marquisate inside the passes and later succeeded Lai Gong as Minister of Ceremonies. Lai Gong, Huang Zhu, and Wang Mou left too slight a record for separate biographies. Lai Gong’s son Hong served as Zhuge Liang’s west-bureau clerk in Hanzhong and died young; Liang mourned him deeply and wrote to Zhang Yi and Jiang Wan at headquarters, "We have lost Lai Hong from the clerk’s office and Yang Yong from the staff—the damage to the administration is heavy." Yang Yong was likewise from Jingzhou. Later Grand General Jiang Wan asked Zhang Xiu, "Hanjia once had Wang Yuantai—who carries that tradition today?" Xiu answered, "After Yuantai there is no one of that stature even in the province—let alone in our poor commandery." Such was the regard he commanded. 〈The Xiangyang Ji records Yang Yong, courtesy Zizhao, a kinsman of Yang Yi from Jingzhou. He came to Shu as Administrator of Ba and chief clerk to Zhuge Liang. Once when Liang was personally auditing the ledgers, Yong walked in unannounced and said, "Government has its proper form—superiors must not do underlings’ work. Permit me to compare it to running a household. Imagine a master who lets slaves till the soil, maids mind the kitchen, cocks herald dawn, dogs warn off thieves, oxen haul loads, and horses bear him on long roads—so his estate runs itself while he rests—then one day he insists on doing every chore himself, wears himself out on trifles, and accomplishes nothing. Is he less wise than a slave, a maid, a rooster, or a hound? He has forgotten how to be master of his own house. The ancients said the three dukes sit to discuss the Way, while ministers rise to execute it. Bing Ji ignored corpses in the road but fretted over a panting ox; Chen Ping refused to memorize revenue figures, saying specialists existed for that—both understood the limits of high office. Yet you, my lord, pore over every ledger until you sweat through the day—is that not wasted labor?" Liang thanked him for the rebuke. Yong later joined the eastern bureau and supervised appointments. When Yong died, Liang mourned him for three full days.〉
77
何彥英名宗，蜀郡郫人也。 事廣漢任安學，精究安術，與杜瓊同師而名問過之。 劉璋時，為犍為太守。 先主定益州，領牧，闢為從事祭酒。 後援引圖、讖，勸先主即尊號。 踐阼之後，遷為大鴻臚。 建興中卒。 失其行事，故不為傳。 子雙，字漢偶。 滑稽談笑，有淳于髡、東方朔之風。 為雙柏長。 早卒。
He Zong, style Yanning, came from Pi in Shu commandery. He studied under Ren An of Guanghan, mastered Ren’s methods, and outshone his fellow student Du Qiong. Under Liu Zhang he served as Administrator of Qianwei. After the First Sovereign took Yizhou he called him to serve as libationer-adjunct. He later cited charts and apocrypha to urge the First Sovereign to take the imperial title. After the enthronement he was promoted to grand herald. He died during the Jianxing years. His career is no longer recorded, so no full biography is given. His son Shuang bore the courtesy name Han’ou. He had the quick wit and jesting manner of a Chunyu Kun or Dongfang Shuo. He served as magistrate of Shuangbai. He died young.
78
車騎高勁，惟其汎愛，
The general of chariots and cavalry, stern and high-minded, generous to all,
79
以弱制強，不陷危墜。 ──贊吳子遠
He turned weakness to strength and never fell into ruin. ──In praise of Wu Yi
80
壹族弟班，字元雄，大將軍何進官屬吳匡之子也。 以豪俠稱，官位常與壹相亞。 先主時，為領軍。 後主世，稍遷至驃騎將軍，假節，封綿竹侯。
Wu Ban, courtesy Yuanxiong, was Wu Yi’s younger clansman and the son of Wu Kuang, an officer under Grand General He Jin. He had a swashbuckling reputation and usually ranked just below Wu Yi. Under the First Sovereign he commanded the central army. Under the Later Lord he rose to General of Agile Cavalry with the credential staff and a marquisate at Mianzhu.
81
安漢宰南，奮擊舊鄉，
The Pacifier of Han governed the south and smote his native region,
82
翦除蕪穢，惟刑以張，
He cleared away the chaff and let the law speak for itself,
83
廣遷蠻濮，國用用強。 ──贊李德昂
He resettled Man and Pu tribes until the treasury grew strong again. ──In praise of Li Hui
84
輔漢惟聰，既機且惠，
He served Shu with a sharp ear—perceptive and humane,
85
因言遠思，切問近對，
His words reached far; hard questions found plain answers at hand,
86
贊時休美，和我業世。 ──贊張君嗣
He praised the good in his time and steadied the work of generations. ──In praise of Zhang Yi
87
鎮北敏思，籌畫有方，
The northern guardian, quick of mind, laid plans that always fit the case,
88
導師禳穢，遂事成章。
He led the army and cleared away rot until every task fell into place.
89
偏任東隅，末命不祥，
Left alone on the eastern flank, his last orders brought no blessing,
90
哀悲本志，放流殊疆。 ──贊黃公衡
Men mourned the aim he began with—exiled to a distant frontier. ──In praise of Huang Quan
91
越騎惟忠，厲志自祗，
The agile-cavalry colonel was all devotion—he schooled his will and kept his own counsel,
92
職於內外，念公忘私。 ──贊楊季休
He served inside the court and out, minding the state before himself. ──In praise of Yang Hong
93
征南厚重，征西忠克，
The southern conqueror was weighty; the western conqueror loyal and capable,
94
統時選士，猛將之烈。 ──贊趙子龍、陳叔至
They picked the men of the hour—fierce captains who lived up to the name. ──In praise of Zhao Yun and Chen Dao
95
叔至名到，汝南人也。 自豫州隨先主，名位常亞趙雲，俱以忠勇稱。 建興初，官至永安都督、征西將軍，封亭侯。
Chen Dao, style Shuzhi, came from Runan. He followed the First Sovereign from Yuzhou, ranked just below Zhao Yun, and both were known for loyalty and valor. Early in Jianxing he became Yong’an area commander, General Who Conquers the West, and a village marquis at the pavilion.
96
鎮南粗強，監軍尚篤，
The southern guardian was blunt and tough; the army supervisor still steadfast,
97
並豫戎任，任自封裔。 ──贊輔元弼、劉南和
Both bore arms for the state; their sons inherited their posts. ──In praise of Fu Kuang and Liu Yong
98
輔元弼名匡，襄陽人也。 隨先主入蜀。 益州既定，為巴郡太守。 建興中，徙鎮南，為右將軍，封中鄉侯。
Fu Kuang, style Yuanbi, was a native of Xiangyang. He marched into Shu in the First Sovereign’s train. After Yizhou fell he became Administrator of Ba. During Jianxing he was shifted to General Who Guards the South, promoted to general of the right, and ennobled as marquis of Zhongxiang.
99
劉南和名邕，義陽人也。 隨先主入蜀。 益州既定，為江陽太守。 建興中，稍遷至監軍後將軍，賜爵關內侯，卒。 子式嗣。 少子武，有文，與樊建齊名，官亦至尚書。
Liu Yong, style Nanhe, came from Yiyang. He too crossed into Shu with the First Sovereign. After Yizhou fell he governed Jiangyang. In Jianxing he rose to rear general and army supervisor, received a village marquisate inside the passes, and died. His son Shi inherited the title. His younger son Wu was a scholar of note, ranked with Fan Jian, and rose to minister.
100
司農性才，敷述允章，
The minister of agriculture, gifted in letters, framed clear and fitting arguments,
101
藻麗辭理，斐斐有光。 ──贊秦子敕
His prose was ornate, his logic lucid, and it glowed with polish. ──In praise of Qin Mi
102
正方受遺，豫聞後綱，
Li Yan took the dying charge and foresaw the shape of things to come,
103
不陳不僉，造此異端，
Yet he neither advised nor assented—he opened this crooked path,
104
斥逐當時，任業以喪。 ──贊李正方
Was cast out in his lifetime and threw his career away. ──In praise of Li Yan
105
文長剛粗，臨難受命，
Wei Yan was blunt and rough; in crisis he took the command,
106
折衝外禦，鎮保國境。
He shattered foes on the frontier and held the marches secure.
107
不協不和，忘節言亂，
He could not work with others; he forgot loyalty and his tongue ran wild,
108
疾終惜始，實惟厥性。 ──贊魏文長
His end invites pity when one thinks how he began—that was his nature. ──In praise of Wei Yan
109
威公狷狹，取異眾人；
Yang Wei was stiff-necked and set himself apart from other men;
110
閒則及理，逼則傷侵，
At ease he could be reasonable; under pressure he turned cutting and cruel,
111
舍順入兇，大易之雲。 ──贊楊威公
He left the straight road for violence—as the Classic of Change warns. ──In praise of Yang Yi
112
季常良實，文經勤類，
Ma Liang was steady and true; Wei Jiong diligent in his class;
113
士元言規，處仁聞計，
Han Ji offered maxims; Zhang Cun was known for strategy;
114
孔休文祥，或才或臧，
Yin Guan and Xi Zhen—each gifted or worthy in his way;
115
播播述志，楚之蘭芳。 ──贊馬季常、衛文經、韓士元、張處仁、殷孔休、習文祥
They set forth their ideals—the orchid scent of old Chu. ──In praise of Ma Liang, Wei Jiong, Han Ji, Zhang Cun, Yin Guan, and Xi Zhen
116
文經、士元，皆失其名實、行事、郡縣。
Wei Jiong and Han Ji— their full names, careers, and home counties are no longer known.
117
處仁本名存，南陽人也。 以荊州從事隨先主入蜀，南次至雒，以為廣漢太守。 存素不服龐統，統中矢卒，先主發言嘉嘆，存曰：「統雖盡忠可惜，然違大雅之義。」 先主怒曰：「統殺身成仁，更為非也？」 免存官。 頃之，病卒。 失其行事，故不為傳。
Zhang Cun was originally named Cun and came from Nanyang. He entered Shu on the Jingzhou staff, paused the advance at Luo, and was named Administrator of Guanghan. Cun had never respected Pang Tong; when Tong fell to an arrow the First Sovereign praised him, but Cun said, "Tong was loyal, yes, but he fell short of the great norm." The First Sovereign retorted, "Tong gave his life for duty—how can you call that wrong?" He stripped Cun of his post. Soon afterward he died of illness. His career is no longer recorded, so no full biography is given.
118
孔休名觀，為荊州主簿別駕從事，見《先主傳》。 失其郡縣。
Yin Guan, style Kongxiu, served Jingzhou as chief clerk and separate-carriage chief clerk—see the First Sovereign’s biography. His home commandery is no longer recorded.
119
文祥名禎，襄陽人也。 隨先主入蜀，歷雒、郫令， （南） 廣漢太守。 失其行事。 子忠，官至尚書郎。 〈《襄陽記》曰：習禎有風流，善談論，名亞龐統，而在馬良之右。 子忠，亦有名。 忠子隆，為步兵校尉，掌校秘書。〉
Xi Zhen, style Wenxiang, was a native of Xiangyang. He followed the First Sovereign into Shu and served as magistrate of Luo and Pi, Editorial gloss: the text supplies nan, yielding Nanchong, before the following title “Administrator of Guanghan.” He was then promoted to Administrator of Guanghan. The rest of his career is not preserved. His son Zhong rose to gentleman in the ministry. 〈The Xiangyang Ji says Xi Zhen was elegant and eloquent—second only to Pang Tong, ranked above Ma Liang. His son Zhong likewise won a name. Zhong’s son Long became colonel of foot soldiers and oversaw the palace library archives.〉
120
國山休風，永南耽思；
Wang Guo—clear as a breeze; Li Nan—lost in reflection;
121
盛衡、承伯，言藏言時；
Ma Xun, Ma Qi—speech held back or spoken to the hour;
122
孫德果銳，偉南篤常；
Li Sun—sharp and bold; Li Wei—steady and true;
123
德緒、義強，志壯氣剛。
Gong Lu and Wang Yi—high mettle and iron nerve.
124
濟濟脩志，蜀之芬香。 ──贊王國山、李永南、馬盛衡、馬承伯、李孫德、李偉南，龔德緒、王義強
So many, each honing his purpose—the perfume of Shu. ──In praise of Wang Guo, Li Shao, Ma Xun, Ma Qi, Li Fu, Li Wei, Gong Lu, and Wang Yi
125
國山名甫，廣漢郪人也。 好人流言議。 劉璋時，為州書佐。 先主定蜀後，為綿竹令，還為荊州議曹從事。 隨先主徵吳，軍敗於秭歸，遇害。 子祐，有父風，官至尚書右選郎。
Wang Guo, style Guoshan, came from Qi in Guanghan. He loved rumor and debate. Under Liu Zhang he served as a provincial clerk. After Shu fell he was magistrate of Mianzhu, then consulting clerk on the Jingzhou staff. He marched with the First Sovereign against Wu and died when the army was routed at Zigui. His son You took after him and rose to gentleman of the right selection bureau.
126
盛衡名勳，承伯名齊，皆巴西閬中人也。 勳，劉璋時為州書佐，先主定蜀，闢為左將軍屬，後轉州別駕從事，卒。 齊為太守張飛功曹。 飛貢之先主，為尚書郎。 建興中，從事丞相掾，遷廣漢太守，復為 （飛） 參軍。 亮卒，為尚書。 勳、齊皆以才幹自顯見； 歸信於州黨，不如姚伷。
Ma Xun and Ma Qi, styles Shengheng and Chengbo, were brothers from Langzhong in Baxi. Ma Xun had been a provincial clerk under Liu Zhang; after Liu Bei took Shu he joined the left general’s staff, later became the province’s chief clerk, and died in office. Ma Qi served as Zhang Fei’s merit officer when Fei was administrator. Fei recommended him to the First Sovereign, who named him a gentleman in the ministry. During Jianxing he worked as a chancellor’s clerk, was promoted to Administrator of Guanghan, and was then appointed Editorial gloss: read Fei, for Zhang Fei, before the title “army advisor.” army adviser on Zhang Fei’s staff. After Zhuge Liang’s death he entered the ministry as a full minister. Both Ma brothers won fame for their administrative gifts; yet neither enjoyed the hometown confidence that Yao Zhou commanded.
127
孫德名福，梓潼涪人也。 先主定益州後，為書佐、西充國長、成都令。 建興元年，徙巴西太守，為江州督、楊威將軍，入為尚書僕射，封平陽亭侯。 延熙初，大將軍蔣琬出征漢中，福以前監軍領司馬，卒。 〈益部耆舊雜記曰：諸葛亮於武功病篤，後主遣福省侍，遂因諮以國家大計。 福往具宣聖旨，聽亮所言，至別去數日，忽馳思未盡其意，遂卻騎馳還見亮。 亮語福曰：「孤知君還意。 近日言語，雖彌日有所不盡，更來一決耳。 君所問者，公琰其宜也。」 福謝：「前實失不諮請公，如公百年後，誰可任大事者？ 故輒還耳。 乞復請，蔣琬之後，誰可任者？」 亮曰：「文偉可以繼之。」 又復問其次，亮不答。 福還，奉使稱旨。 福為人精識果銳，敏於從政。 子驤，字叔龍，亦有名，官至尚書郎、廣漢太守。〉
Li Fu, style Sunde, came from Fu in Zitong commandery. After Yizhou fell he served as clerk, magistrate of Western Chongguo, and then of Chengdu. In Jianxing 1 he became Administrator of Ba, Jiangzhou supervisor, and General Who Displays Might, then vice minister of the secretariat with a village marquisate at Pingyang. Early in Yanxi, when Jiang Wan marched to Hanzhong, Li Fu went as former army supervisor and chief marshal—and died on duty. 〈The Yibu Qi Jiu Za Ji says that when Zhuge Liang lay dying at Wugong, the emperor sent Li Fu to his bedside both to inquire after him and to ask the great question of succession. Fu delivered the imperial message, heard Liang out, and rode away—but after a few days realized he had left something unsaid and galloped back to Wugong. Liang greeted him with, "I know why you have come back. We spoke a full day yet did not finish; you have returned for one last word. For what you wish to know—Jiang Wan is the right man." Fu apologized: "I should have asked plainly—after your death, who can bear the greatest burden? That is why I turned back. May I ask further—after Jiang Wan, who comes next?" Liang answered, "Fei Yi can follow him." When Fu pressed for a third name, Liang fell silent. Fu returned and reported in full accord with the emperor’s charge. Li Fu was shrewd, decisive, and swift in administration. His son Xiang, style Shulong, also made a name and rose to gentleman in the ministry and Administrator of Guanghan.〉
128
偉南名朝，永南兄。 郡功曹，舉孝廉，臨邛令，入為別駕從事。 隨先主東征吳，章武二年卒於永安。 〈益部耆舊雜記曰：朝又有一弟，早亡，各有才望，時人號之李氏三龍。 《華陽國志》曰：群下上先主為漢中王； 其文，朝所造也。 臣松之案耆舊所記，以朝、邵及早亡者為三龍。 邈之狂直，不得在此數。〉
Li Chao, style Weinan, was the elder brother of Li Shao. He served as county merit officer, was recommended Filial and Incorrupt, governed Linqiong, and became separate-carriage chief clerk. He marched east against Wu with the First Sovereign and died at Yong’an in Zhangwu 2. 〈The Yibu Qi Jiu Za Ji adds that Chao had a talented younger brother who died young; contemporaries called the three brothers the Li clan’s “three dragons.” The Huayang Guozhi records that the court memorialized Liu Bei as king of Hanzhong; and Li Chao drafted the memorial. Pei Songzhi notes that the old record counts Li Chao, Li Shao, and their early-deceased brother as the three dragons. Li Miao’s wild temper keeps him out of that company.〉
129
德緒名祿，巴西安漢人也。 先主定益州，為郡從事牙門將。 建興三年，為越巂太守，隨丞相亮南征，為蠻夷所害，時年三十一。 弟衡，景耀中為領軍。
Gong Lu, style Dexu, came from Anhan in Ba commandery. After Yizhou fell he served as county adjutant and gateguards colonel. In Jianxing 3 he was Administrator of Yuexi and followed Zhuge Liang south; barbarians killed him at thirty-one. His brother Heng became commander of the army under Jingyao.
130
義強名士，廣漢郪人，國山從兄也。 從先主入蜀後，舉孝廉，為符節長，遷牙門將，出為宕渠太守，徙在犍為。 會丞相亮南征，轉為益州太守，將南行，為蠻夷所害。
Wang Yi, style Yiqiang, from Qi in Guanghan, was Wang Guo’s elder cousin. He entered Shu with Liu Bei, was recommended Filial and Incorrupt, rose from tally magistrate to gateguards colonel, governed Dangqu, and was shifted to Qianwei. When Zhuge Liang marched south he was named Administrator of Yizhou; he was killed by tribesmen before the column moved.
131
休元輕寇，損時致害，
Feng Xi underrated the foe and paid for it with his life,
132
文進奮身，同此顛沛，
Zhang Nan rushed in and shared the same ruin,
133
患生一人，至於弘大。 ──贊馮休元、張文進
one man’s misjudgment swelled into a great catastrophe. ──In praise of Feng Xi and Zhang Nan
134
休元名習，南郡人。 隨先主入蜀。 先主東征吳，習為領軍，統諸軍，大敗於猇亭。 文進名南，亦自荊州隨先主入蜀，領兵從先主徵吳，與習俱死。
Feng Xi, style Xiuyuan, came from Nan commandery. He followed Liu Bei into Shu. On the Wu campaign he commanded the army and met the great defeat at Xiaoting. Zhang Nan, style Wenjin, also from Jingzhou, followed Liu Bei into Shu, led troops on the Wu campaign, and died beside Feng Xi.
135
時又有義陽傅肜，先主退軍，斷後拒戰，兵人死盡，吳將語肜令降，肜罵曰：「吳狗！ 何有漢將軍降者！」 遂戰死。 拜子僉為左中郎，後為關中都督，景耀六年，又臨危授命。 論者嘉其父子奕世忠義。 〈蜀記載晉武帝詔曰：「蜀將軍傅僉，前在關城，身拒官軍，致死不顧。 僉父肜，復為劉備戰亡。 天下之善一也，豈由彼此以為異？」 僉息著、募，後沒入奚官，免為庶人。〉
There was also Fu Rong of Yiyang, who covered the retreat when Liu Bei withdrew; when his men were gone a Wu officer demanded his surrender, and Rong snarled, "Dogs of Wu! What Han general ever surrenders to you!" He fought on until he fell. His son Qian was made general of the household of the left, later Guanzhong area commander, and in Jingyao 6 again died accepting a fatal charge. Critics praised the father and son for loyalty handed down through two generations. 〈The Shu Ji preserves Jin Emperor Wu’s edict: "The Shu general Fu Qian held Guan city against my army and died without flinching. His father Rong had already died fighting for Liu Bei. Virtue is one under heaven—why should we draw a line between your side and mine!" Qian’s sons Zhu and Mu were later impressed into the palace bureau but eventually freed to commoner status.〉
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江陽剛烈，立節明君，
The man of Jiangyang was iron in temper—he set his honor before his king,
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兵合遇寇，不屈其身，
met the foe with ranks closed and would not bend,
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單夫只役，隕命於軍。 ──贊程季然
a single man with a handful of men—he gave his life on the field. ──In praise of Cheng Ji
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季然名畿，巴西閬中人也。 劉璋時為漢昌長。 縣有賨人，種類剛猛，昔高祖以定關中。 巴西太守龐羲以天下擾亂，郡宜有武衛，頗招合部曲。 有讒於璋，說羲欲叛者，璋陰疑之。 羲聞，甚懼，將謀自守，遣畿子鬱宣旨，索兵自助。 畿報曰：「郡合部曲，本不為叛，雖有交構，要在盡誠； 若必以懼，遂懷異志，非畿之所聞。」 並敕鬱曰：「我受州恩，當為州牧盡節。 汝為郡吏，當為太守效力，不得以吾故有異志也。」 羲使人告畿曰：「爾子在郡，不從太守，家將及禍！」 畿曰：「昔樂羊為將，飲子之羹，非父子無恩，大義然也。 今雖復羹子，吾必飲之。」 羲知畿必不為己，厚陳謝於璋以致無咎。 璋聞之，遷畿江陽太守。 先主領益州牧，闢為從事祭酒。 後隨先主徵吳，遇大軍敗績，溯江而還，或告之曰：「後追已至，解船輕去，乃可以免。」 畿曰：「吾在軍，未曾為敵走，況從天子而見危哉！」 追人遂及畿船，畿身執戟戰，敵船有覆者。 眾大至，共擊之，乃死。
Cheng Ji, style Jiran, came from Langzhong in Ba. Under Liu Zhang he governed Hanchang. The county held Cong tribesmen, a tough people the High Founder had once used to secure Guanzhong. Pang Xi the Administrator of Ba, seeing the realm in turmoil, decided the commandery needed an armed guard and raised a large private following. Someone slandered Pang Xi to Liu Zhang as a would-be rebel, and Zhang began to doubt him. Xi panicked and prepared to hold out; he sent Ji’s son Yu with a message begging Ji to send troops to his aid. Ji answered, "You raised troops for defense, not treason; though rumor flies, good faith is still the cure; if fear drives you to disloyalty, I have never heard of such a course ending well." He warned Yu, "The province has been good to me; I owe my life to its shepherd. You are a county officer—you owe your duty to the administrator, not to me." Xi sent word: "Your son defies the administrator—your whole house will suffer!" Ji replied, "Yue Yang the general drank soup made from his own son—not from lack of love, but from duty to the state. Even if they boiled another bowl from my own flesh, I would still drink it." Xi saw that Ji would never serve a private plot and made his peace with Liu Zhang through abject apology. Zhang then transferred Ji to Administrator of Jiangyang. When Liu Bei became shepherd of Yizhou he named Ji libationer-adjunct. He marched against Wu with Liu Bei, survived the great rout, and was rowing upstream when someone cried, "The pursuers are here—abandon the boats and run!" Ji answered, "I have never fled a foe in the field—would I flee now beside my emperor?" The enemy overtook his boat; he seized a halberd and fought until enemy craft overturned. When overwhelming numbers closed in, they cut him down.
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公弘後生，卓爾奇精，
Cheng Qi, born after him, stood out as a prodigy,
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夭命二十，悼恨未呈。 ──贊程公弘
yet heaven gave him only twenty years—grief that his promise never ripened. ──In praise of Cheng Qi
142
公弘，名祁，季然之子也。
Cheng Qi, style Gonghong, was Cheng Ji’s son.
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古之奔臣，禮有來偪，
The turncoat of old—ritual knows the press of circumstance,
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怨興司官，不顧大德。
yet nursed grudges against his superiors and forgot the greater good.
145
靡有匡救，倍成奔北，
No one could save them; they doubled their flight northward,
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自絕於人，作笑二國。 ──贊糜芳、士仁、郝普、潘濬
cut themselves off from honor and became a jest to two kingdoms. ──On Mi Fang, Shi Ren, Hao Pu, and Pan Jun
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糜芳字子方，東海人也，為南郡太守。 士仁字君義，廣陽人也，為將軍，住公安，統屬關羽； 與羽有隙，叛迎孫權。 郝普字子太，義陽人。 先主自荊州入蜀，以普為零陵太守。 為吳將呂蒙所譎，開城詣蒙。 潘濬字承明，武陵人也。 先主入蜀，以為荊州治中，典留州事，亦與關羽不穆。 孫權襲羽，遂入吳。 普至廷尉，濬至太常，封侯。 〈益部耆舊雜記載王嗣、常播、衛繼三人，皆劉氏王蜀時人，故錄於篇。 王嗣字承宗，犍為資中人也。 其先，延熙世以功德顯著。 舉孝廉，稍遷西安圍督、汶山太守，加安遠將軍。 綏集羌、胡，咸悉歸服，諸種素桀惡者皆來首降，嗣待以恩信，時北境得以寧靜。 大將軍姜維每出北征，羌、胡出馬牛羊氈毦及義谷裨軍糧，國賴其資。 遷鎮軍，故領郡。 後從維北征，為流矢所傷，數月卒。 戎夷會葬，贈送數千人，號呼涕泣。 嗣為人美厚篤至，眾所愛信。 嗣子及孫，羌、胡見之如骨肉，或結兄弟，恩至於此。 常播字文平，蜀郡江原人也。 播仕縣主簿功曹。 縣長廣都硃遊，建興十五年中被上官誣劾以逋沒官谷，當論重罪。 播詣獄訟爭，身受數千杖，肌膚刻爛，毒痛慘至，更曆三獄，幽閉二年有餘。 每將考掠，吏先驗問，播不答，言「但急行罰，無所多問」！ 辭終不撓，事遂分明。 長免刑戮。 時唯主簿楊玩亦證明其事，與播辭同。 眾咸嘉播忘身為君，節義抗烈。 舉孝廉，除郪長，年五十餘卒。 書於舊德傳，後縣令潁川趙敦圖其像，讚頌之。 衛繼字子業，漢嘉嚴道人也。 兄弟五人。 繼父為縣功曹。 繼為兒時，與兄弟隨父遊戲庭寺中，縣長蜀郡成都張君無子，數命功曹呼其子省弄，甚憐愛之。 張因言宴之間，語功曹欲乞繼，功曹即許之，遂養為子。 繼敏達夙成，學識通博，進仕州郡，歷職清顯。 而其餘兄弟四人，各無堪當世者，父恆言己之將衰，張明府將盛也。 時法禁以異姓為後，故復為衛氏。 屢遷拜奉車都尉、大尚書，忠篤信厚，為眾所敬。 鍾會之亂，遇害成都。〉
Mi Fang, style Zifang, from Donghai, was Administrator of Nan commandery. Shi Ren, style Junyi, from Guangyang, was a general at Gongan under Guan Yu’s command; he fell out with Yu and opened the gates to Sun Quan. Hao Pu, style Zitai, came from Yiyang. When Liu Bei left for Shu he left Pu as Administrator of Lingling. Lü Meng tricked him into opening Lingling and yielding to Wu. Pan Jun, style Chengming, was a native of Wuling. Liu Bei made him chief clerk of the Jingzhou rear headquarters; he too could not work with Guan Yu. When Sun Quan struck Guan Yu, he went over to Wu. Hao Pu rose to commandant of justice and Pan Jun to minister of rites; both received marquisates. 〈The Yibu Qi Jiu Za Ji preserves three minor figures—Wang Si, Chang Bo, and Wei Ji—from the Liu regime in Shu, and they are appended here. Wang Si, style Chengzong, came from Zizhong in Qianwei. His forebears had won distinction for service during the Yanxi years. Recommended Filial and Incorrupt, he rose to colonel at Xi’an, Administrator of Wenshan, and General Who Pacifies the Far. He pacified Qiang and Hu until every tribe submitted—even the most truculent came in first to surrender—and ruled them with kindness until the northern frontier grew still. Whenever Jiang Wei marched north, those peoples sent horses, cattle, sheep, felt, and grain for his commissary, and the state leaned heavily on their tribute. He was promoted to general who guards the army while keeping his commandery post. He followed Wei north, took a stray arrow, and died within a few months. Frontier peoples thronged his funeral; thousands brought gifts, wailing aloud. Wang Si was generous and steadfast; everyone loved and trusted him. His sons and grandsons were greeted by Qiang and Hu as kin—some even swore brotherhood—such was the depth of his grace. Chang Bo, style Wenping, came from Jiangyuan in Shu commandery. Bo served his county as chief clerk and merit officer. In mid–Jianxing 15 the magistrate Zhu You of Guangdu was framed by a superior for embezzling official grain and faced a capital charge. Bo went to jail to plead Zhu’s case, took thousands of strokes until his flesh hung in strips, and spent over two years shut through three prisons. Before each flogging the clerks questioned him, but he would only say, "Beat me and have done—there is nothing to ask!" He never broke, and the truth finally came out. The magistrate was spared execution. Only chief clerk Yang Wan stood with him and told the same story. All praised Bo for risking his life for his magistrate—his integrity blazed like fire. Recommended Filial and Incorrupt, he became magistrate of Qi and died in his fifties. His name was entered in the Traditions of Old Virtue, and later Magistrate Zhao Dun of Yingchuan painted his portrait and wrote his praise. Wei Ji, style Ziye, came from Yandao in Hanjia. He was one of five brothers. Ji’s father was the county merit officer. As a boy Ji played in the yamen with his brothers while his father worked; the childless magistrate Zhang Jun of Chengdu kept calling the boys in to dote on them. At a feast Zhang asked to adopt Ji; the merit officer agreed, and Zhang raised him as his own son. Ji was precocious, learned, and rose through provincial posts of unimpeachable rank. Yet his four natural brothers showed no talent; his father used to sigh that his own line was fading while Magistrate Zhang’s would flourish. The law barred adoption under an alien surname, so he resumed the name Wei. He rose to colonel of the household carriages and grand minister, loyal and staid, and universally respected. He died in Chengdu during Zhong Hui’s mutiny.〉
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【評】
Appraisal
149
評曰：鄧芝堅貞簡亮，臨官忘家，張翼亢姜維之銳，宗預禦孫權之嚴，咸有可稱。 楊戲商略，意在不群，然智度有短，殆罹世難雲。
The historian remarks: Deng Zhi was incorruptible and plain, forgetting self for duty; Zhang Yi defied Jiang Wei’s edge; Zong Yu matched Sun Quan’s sternness—each deserves mention. Yang Xi aimed to stand apart in judgment and style, yet his judgment fell short and he nearly perished in the troubles of his time.