1
吳夫人
Lady Wu.
2
孫破虜吳夫人，吳主權母也。 本吳人，徙錢唐，早失父母。 與弟景居。 孫堅聞其才貌，欲娶之。 吳氏親戚嫌堅輕狡，將拒焉，堅甚以慚恨。 夫人謂親戚曰：「何愛一女以取禍乎？ 如有不遇，命也。」 於是遂許為婚，生四男一女。 〈《搜神記》曰：初，夫人孕而夢月入其懷，既而生策。 及權在孕，又夢日入其懷，以告堅曰：「昔妊策，夢月入我懷，今也又夢日入我懷，何也？」 堅曰：「日月者陰陽之精，極貴之象，吾子孫其興乎！」〉
Lady Wu of General Sun Jian—she was the mother of Sun Quan, the Wu sovereign. She was born in Wu, later moved the household to Qiantang, and was orphaned while still young. She kept house with her brother Wu Jing. Sun Jian heard tales of her gifts and loveliness and asked for her hand. Her kinsmen thought Sun Jian too slick and unreliable and meant to turn him down—an insult that rankled him. Lady Wu told them, "Would you cling to one girl and court calamity for the whole clan? If the match proves ill-starred, that is Heaven's will." They gave their consent; she bore four sons and a daughter. 〈The Soushen ji says that while carrying Sun Ce she dreamed the moon slipped into her breast—then bore Ce. With Sun Quan in her womb she dreamed the sun had entered her breast and said to Sun Jian, "For Ce it was the moon; now it is the sun—what portent is this?" Sun Jian answered, "Sun and moon are the twin essences of yin and yang—the badge of supreme eminence. Our line is meant to flourish!"〉
3
景常隨堅征伐有功，拜騎都尉。 袁術上景領丹楊太守，討故太守周昕，遂據其郡。 孫策與孫河、呂範依景，合眾共討涇縣山賊祖郎。 郎敗走。 會為劉繇所迫，景復北依術，術以為督軍中郎將，與孫賁共討樊能、於麋於橫江，又擊笮融、薛禮於秣陵。 時策被創牛渚，降賊復反，景攻討，盡禽之。 從討劉繇，繇奔豫章，策遣景、賁到壽春報術。 術方與劉備爭徐州，以景為為廣陵太守。 術後僭號。 策以書喻術，術不納，便絕江津，不與通，使人告景。 景即委郡東歸，策復以景為丹揚太守。 漢遣議郎王誧 〈音普。〉 銜命南行，表景為揚武將軍，領郡如故。
Wu Jing rode on every campaign beside Sun Jian, earned his share of glory, and was named Colonel of Agile Cavalry. Yuan Shu named Wu Jing acting Grand Administrator of Danyang to oust Zhou Xin; Wu Jing held the commandery. Sun Ce, Sun He, and Lü Fan rallied to Wu Jing and joined forces against the bandit Zu Lang in Jing county. Zu Lang broke and ran. Hard pressed by Liu Yao, Wu Jing went north to Yuan Shu, who made him Supervising General of the Household; with Sun Ben he fought Fan Neng and Yu Mi at Hengjiang, then Ze Rong and Xue Li at Moling. When Sun Ce was wounded at Niuzhu and his surrendered bandits mutinied, Wu Jing struck and took every one of them. After the drive against Liu Yao, who fled to Yuzhang, Sun Ce sent Wu Jing and Sun Ben east to brief Yuan Shu at Shouchun. Yuan Shu, busy wrestling Xu Province from Liu Bei, named Wu Jing Grand Administrator of Guangling. Yuan Shu later declared himself emperor. Sun Ce wrote Yuan Shu a stern letter; when it was ignored, he sealed the river and sent word to Wu Jing. Wu Jing abandoned his post and came back to the east; Sun Ce restored him as Grand Administrator of Danyang. The Han court sent Gentleman Consultant Wang Bu— 〈the surname character is read "pu."〉 —bearing imperial orders south, where he cited Wu Jing as General Who Raises Might and left him in charge of the commandery.
4
八年，景卒宮，子奮授兵為將，封新亭侯，卒。 〈《吳書》曰：權徵荊州，拜奮吳郡都督，以鎮東方。 《吳書》曰：祺與張溫、顧譚友善，權令關平辭訟事。〉 子安嗣，安坐黨魯王霸死。 奮弟祺嗣，封都亭侯，卒。 子纂嗣。 纂妻即滕胤女也，胤被誅，竝遇害。
In the eighth year of the reign Wu Jing died at court; his son Wu Fen took command, became Marquis of Xinting, and predeceased his father. 〈The Wu shu notes that when Sun Quan marched on Jingzhou he made Wu Fen area commander of Wu commandery to hold the eastern flank. The same text adds that Wu Qi befriended Zhang Wen and Gu Tan, and Sun Quan set him to straighten out the docket.〉 Wu Fen's heir Wu An fell with the Prince of Lu, Sun Ba, and was put to death. The younger brother Wu Qi inherited the fief as Marquis of Duting and died without long tenure. His son Wu Zuan carried on the title. Wu Zuan had married Teng Yin's daughter; when Teng Yin was executed, husband and wife perished together.
5
謝夫人
Lady Xie.
6
吳主權謝夫人，會稽山陰人也。 父煚，漢尚書郎、徐令。 〈煚子承撰《後漢書》，稱煚幼以仁孝為行，明達有令才。 煚弟貞，履蹈法度，篤學尚義，舉孝廉，建昌長，卒官。〉 權母吳，為權聘以為妃，愛幸有寵。 後權納姑孫徐氏，欲令謝下之，謝不肯，由是失志。 早卒。 後十餘年，弟承拜五官郎中，稍遷長沙東部都尉、武陵太守，撰《後漢書》百餘卷。 〈《會稽典錄》曰：承字偉平，博學洽聞，嘗所知見，終身不忘。 子崇揚威將軍，崇弟勗吳郡太守，竝知名。〉
Lady Xie of Sun Quan came from Shanyin in Kuaiji. Her father Xie Jiong had served the Han court as a Masters of Writing gentleman and as magistrate of Xu. 〈Their son Xie Cheng, author of the Hou Han shu, wrote that Xie Jiong was known from boyhood for humane piety, clear judgment, and outstanding gifts. His brother Xie Zhen walked the straight path of the code, loved learning and honor, rose as Filial and Incorrupt, and died in office as chief of Jianchang. Lady Wu betrothed her to Sun Quan as principal consort, and she basked in his favor. When Sun Quan married his maternal cousin Lady Xu and expected Lady Xie to step aside, she refused and fell from grace. She died young. A decade later her brother Xie Cheng rose to Gentlemen of the Five Offices, then Eastern Division commandant at Changsha and Grand Administrator of Wuling, and composed the Hou Han shu in over a hundred fascicles. 〈The Kuaiji dian lu calls Xie Cheng styled Weiping, encyclopedic in memory and learning. Xie Chong became General Who Raises Might, Xie Xu Grand Administrator of Wu—both names the age remembered.
7
徐夫人
Lady Xu.
8
吳主權徐夫人，吳郡富春人也。 祖父真，與權父堅相親，堅以妹妻真，生琨。 琨少仕州郡，漢末擾亂，去吏，隨堅征伐有功，拜偏將軍。 堅薨，隨孫策討樊能、於糜等於橫江，擊張英於當利口。 而船少，欲駐軍更求。 琨母時在軍中，謂琨曰：「恐州家多發水軍來逆人，則不利矣，如何可駐邪？ 宜伐蘆葦以為泭，佐船渡軍。」 〈泭音敷。 郭璞注《方言》曰：「泭，水中簰也。」〉 琨具啟策，策即行之。 眾悉俱濟，遂破英，擊走笮融、劉繇，事業克定。 策表琨領丹楊太守，會吳景委廣陵來東，復為丹楊守。 〈《江表傳》曰：初，袁術遣從弟胤為丹楊，策令琨討而代之。 會景還，以景前在 （仕） 丹楊，寬仁得眾，吏民所思，而琨手下兵多，策嫌其太重，且方攻伐，宜得琨眾，乃復用景，召琨還吳。〉 琨以督軍中郎將領兵，從破廬江太守李術，封廣德侯，遷平虜將軍。 後從討黃祖，中流矢卒。
Lady Xu of Sun Quan was a daughter of Fuchun in Wu commandery. Her grandfather Xu Zhen was close to Sun Jian, who married him a sister; they had Xu Kun. Xu Kun began in local office, quit at the Han collapse, followed Sun Jian with distinction, and won the rank of Lieutenant General. After Sun Jian's death he joined Sun Ce against Fan Neng and Yu Mi at Hengjiang and Zhang Ying at Danglikou. Boats were scarce; he wanted to halt and fetch more craft. His mother, still with the host, warned him, "If the enemy throws a fleet against us, stopping here will be fatal—how can you wait? Cut reeds into floats and ferry the army across on them." The note glosses the cited text as "fu." In his Fang yan commentary Guo Pu glosses the word as "fu," meaning a raft used on the water.〉 Xu Kun laid the plan before Sun Ce, who adopted it at once. The whole force crossed, broke Zhang Ying, and sent Ze Rong and Liu Yao flying—the southeast was theirs. Sun Ce cited Xu Kun as acting Grand Administrator of Danyang until Wu Jing returned from Guangling and resumed that post. 〈The Jiang biao zhuan says Yuan Shu first planted his cousin in Danyang until Sun Ce sent Xu Kun to oust him. When Wu Jing came back, Sun Quan reasoned that Wu Jing had once served in office Danyang with such kindness that the people missed him, while Xu Kun's following had grown unwieldy for an army on the march—so Sun Ce put Wu Jing back in charge and recalled Xu Kun to Wu.〉 Xu Kun led troops as Supervising General of the Household, helped crush Li Shu at Lujiang, became Marquis of Guangde, and rose to General Who Pacifies Captives. He was killed by a stray shaft while campaigning against Huang Zu.
9
琨生夫人，初適同郡陸尚。 尚卒，極為討虜將軍在吳，聘以為妃，使母養子登。 後權遷移，以夫人妒忌，廢處吳。 積十餘年，權為吳王及即尊號，登為太子，群臣請立夫人為后，權意在步氏，卒不許。 後以疾卒。 兄矯，嗣父琨侯，討平山越，拜偏將軍，先夫人卒，無子。 弟祚襲封，亦以戰功至 （於） 蕪湖督、平魏將軍。
Xu Kun's daughter had first married Lu Shang of Wu commandery. When Lu Shang died, Sun Quan—then General Who Punishes Captives at Wu—took her as consort and had Lady Wu raise his heir Sun Deng. After he shifted his capital he banished her to Wu for jealousy. For ten years she languished while Sun Quan became king and then emperor and Sun Deng crown prince; ministers begged to make her empress, but his heart was set on Lady Bu and he refused. She died of illness in confinement. Her brother Xu Jiao inherited the marquisate, subdued the mountain Yue as Lieutenant General, and died childless before she did. Brother Xu Zuo inherited the title and rose through merit to become Wuhu area commander and General Who Pacifies Wei.
10
步夫人
Lady Bu.
11
吳主權步夫人，臨淮淮陰人也。 與丞相騭同族。 漢末，其母攜將徙廬江，廬江為孫策所破，皆東渡江，以美麗得幸於權，寵冠後庭。 生二女，長曰魯班，字大虎，前配周瑜子循，後配全琮。 少曰魯育，字小虎，前配朱據，後配劉纂。 〈《吳曆》曰：纂先尚權中女，早卒，故又以小虎為繼室。〉
Lady Bu of Sun Quan hailed from Huaiyin in Linhuai. She belonged to the same lineage as Chancellor Bu Zhi. Late in Han her mother fled with her to Lujiang; Sun Ce's storm drove them east across the Yangzi, where her beauty won Sun Quan's heart above every other woman in the harem. She bore two daughters: the elder, Sun Luban—styled Dahu—first wed Zhou Yu's son Zhou Xun, later Quan Zong. The younger, Sun Luyu—styled Xiaohu—first wed Zhu Ju, then Liu Zuan. 〈The Wu li notes Liu Zuan had earlier married Sun Quan's middle daughter, who died young, so Xiaohu became his second wife.
12
夫人性不妒忌，多所推近，故久見愛待。 權為王及帝，意欲以為后，而群臣議在徐氏，權依違者十餘年，然宮內皆稱皇后，親戚上疏稱中宮。 及薨，臣下緣權指，請追正名號，乃贈印綬，策命曰：
Lady Bu was free of jealousy, lifted up rivals, and so kept the sovereign's affection year after year. Sun Quan meant to crown her empress, yet ministers insisted the honor belonged to Lady Xu; he wavered a decade while the harem already hailed her as empress and kin addressed her as Central Palace. At her death his courtiers, reading his wishes, asked to set her title straight; seals and patent were issued:
13
惟赤烏元年閏月戊子，皇帝曰：嗚呼皇后，惟后佐命，共承天地。 虔恭夙夜，與朕均勞。 內教修整，禮義不愆。 寬容慈惠，有淑懿之德。 民臣懸望，遠近歸心。 朕以世難未夷，大統未一，緣后雅志，每懷謙損。 是以於時未授名號，亦必謂后降年有永，永與朕躬對揚天休。 不寤奄忽，大命近止。 朕恨本意不早昭顯，傷后殂逝，不終天祿。 愍悼之至，痛於厥心。 今使使持節丞相 （醴陵亭侯雍） 奉策授號，配食先后。 魂而有靈，嘉其寵榮。 嗚呼哀哉！
Chiwu 1, intercalary month, day wuzi: "Alas, my queen—you shared the Mandate and bore Heaven and Earth with me." Night and day you kept the inner quarters in order and bore the burden at my side. You taught the household propriety and never strayed from the rites. Your mercy and patience were the very mold of womanly virtue. Officials and commoners looked to you; loyalties gathered from every quarter. While the realm stayed divided I deferred, honoring your own wish to remain humble. So I withheld the formal title, sure we would have years yet to proclaim your glory together. Instead death took you in a breath—the great summons has come. I bitterly regret I never proclaimed you empress in life; you left before Heaven's full favor was spent. My sorrow is bottomless; the ache sits in my breast. Now I dispatch the credential-bearing Chancellor (Gu Yong, Marquis of Liling precinct) to invest you posthumously and set your tablet beside my forebears' consorts. If spirit endures, take joy in this crowning honor. Alas—how we mourn!
14
葬於蔣陵。
She was laid to rest at Jiang Mausoleum.
15
琅邪王夫人
Lady Wang of Langye.
16
吳主權王夫人，琅邪人也。 〈《吳書》曰：夫人父名盧九。〉 夫人以選入宮，黃武中得幸，生 （孫） 和，寵次步氏。 步氏薨後，和立為太子，權將立夫人為后，而全公主素憎夫人，稍稍譖毀。 及權寢疾。 言有喜色，由是權深責怒，以憂死。 和子皓立，追尊夫人曰大懿皇后，封三弟皆列侯。
Lady Wang of Sun Quan came from Langye. 〈The Wu shu names her father Lu Jiu.〉 Drafted into the palace, she won favor during the Huangwu years and bore the house of Sun— Sun He, enjoying favor second only to Lady Bu. When Lady Bu died and Sun He became heir, Sun Quan meant to make this Lady Wang empress; Princess Quan (Sun Luban), who had always detested her, whispered slander until the match collapsed. Sun Quan sank into mortal illness. Lady Wang's face lit with ill-concealed hope; Sun Quan saw it, raged at her disloyalty, and she died of grief and fear. Sun He's son Sun Hao later canonized her as Grand Consummate Empress and ennobled her three brothers as full marquises.
17
南陽王夫人
Lady Wang of Nanyang.
18
吳主權王夫人，南陽人也。 以選人宮，嘉禾中得幸，生 （孫） 休。 及和為太子，和母貴重，諸姬有寵者，皆出居外。 夫人出公安，卒，因葬焉。 休即位，遣使追尊曰敬懷皇后，改葬敬陵。 王氏無後，封同母弟文雍為亭侯。
The Nanyang Lady Wang was another of Sun Quan's consorts. Chosen for the harem, she won favor in the Jiahe era and bore the child was Sun Xiu. Once Sun He was heir, his mother's faction dominated; favored concubines were packed off to residences outside the palace. Lady Wang was sent to Gong'an, where she died and was buried. When Sun Xiu took the throne he posthumously named her Empress Jinghuai and moved her grave to the Jing mausoleum complex. With no Wang heir to honor, he enfeoffed her half-brother Wang Wenyong as a precinct marquis.
19
潘夫人
Lady Pan.
20
吳主權潘夫人，會稽句章人也。 父為吏，坐法死。 夫人與姊俱輸織室，權見而異之，召充後宮。 得幸有娠，夢有以龍頭授己者，己以蔽膝受之，遂生 （孫） 亮。 赤烏十三年，亮立為太子，請出嫁夫人之姊，權聽許之。 明年，立夫人為皇后。 性險妒容媚，自始至卒，譖害袁夫人等甚眾。 〈《吳錄》曰：袁夫人者，袁術女也，有節行而無子。 權數以諸姬子與養之，輒不育。 及步夫人薨，權欲立之。 夫人自以無子，固辭不受。〉 權不豫，夫人使問中書令孫弘呂后專制故事。 侍疾疲勞，因以羸疾，諸宮人伺其昏臥，共縊殺之，託言中惡。 後事洩，坐死者六七人。 權尋薨，合葬蔣陵。 孫亮即位，以夫人姊婿譚紹為騎都尉，授兵。 亮廢，紹與家屬送本部廬陵。
Lady Pan of Sun Quan came from Gouzhang in Kuaiji. Her father was a petty clerk who was executed for breaking the law. She and her sister were consigned to the imperial weaving house until Sun Quan noticed her, struck by her looks, and took her into the harem. While carrying a royal child she dreamed a hand offered her a dragon's head, which she caught in her skirt—then she bore Sun Liang. In Chiwu 13 Sun Liang was named heir; he asked leave to marry out Lady Pan's elder sister, and Sun Quan agreed. The following year he raised Lady Pan to empress. She was vicious, jealous, and skilled at flattery, and spent her years in the palace destroying rivals such as Lady Yuan. 〈The Wu lu identifies Lady Yuan as Yuan Shu's daughter—virtuous and childless. Sun Quan repeatedly gave her other women's infants to raise; none survived. After Lady Bu's death Sun Quan meant to make Lady Yuan empress. Knowing she had borne no heir, Lady Yuan refused the crown outright. While Sun Quan lay ill, Lady Pan sent to Sun Hong, Director of the Palace Writers, for stories of how Empress Lü seized sole power. Nursing him left her exhausted and frail; a pack of maids waited until she slept, then garroted her and blamed a sudden seizure. When the plot surfaced, six or seven women paid with their lives. Sun Quan died soon after; she was interred with him at Jiang Mausoleum. Sun Liang named Tan Shao—Lady Pan's brother-in-law—Colonel of Agile Cavalry with a command. When Sun Liang was cast down, Tan Shao and his kin were banished to their home commandery of Luling.
21
全夫人
Lady Quan.
22
孫亮全夫人，全尚女也。 （尚） 從祖母公主愛之，每進見輒與俱。 及潘夫人母子有寵，全主自以與孫和母有隙，乃勸權為潘氏男亮納夫人，亮遂為嗣。 夫人立為皇后，以尚為城門校尉，封都亭侯，代滕胤為太常、衛將軍，進封永平侯，錄尚書事。 時全氏侯有五人，並典兵馬。 其餘為侍郎、騎都尉，宿衛左右，自吳興，外戚貴盛莫及。 及魏大將諸葛誕以壽春來附，而全懌、全端、全禕、全儀等並因此際降魏。 全熙謀洩見殺，由是諸全衰弱。 會孫綝廢亮為會稽王，後又黜為候官侯。 夫人隨之國，居候官，尚將家屬徙零陵，追見殺。 〈《吳錄》曰：亮妻惠解有容色，居候官，吳平乃歸，永寧中卒。〉
Sun Liang's empress was Quan Shang's daughter. Quan Shang— —was doted on by her grandaunt Princess Quan, who insisted on escorting her to every audience. Once Lady Pan and Sun Liang rose, Princess Quan—feuding with Sun He's mother—talked Sun Quan into marrying Quan Shang's daughter to young Liang, making Liang heir. She became empress; Quan Shang became Colonel of the City Gates and Marquis of Duting, then Grand Master of Ceremonies and Guards General, Marquis of Yongping, with oversight of the Secretariat. Five Quan kinsmen held marquisates and field commands at once. The rest held gentleman and colonel posts and stood night watch at court; since Wu first rose, no other consort clan had matched their blaze of power. When Wei general Zhuge Dan came over from Shouchun, Quan Yi, Quan Duan, Quan Yi, Quan Yi, and the rest of that clan used the turmoil to defect to Wei. Quan Xi's conspiracy surfaced and he was executed, and the Quan clan collapsed overnight. Sun Chen first demoted Sun Liang to Prince of Kuaiji, then reduced him again to Marquis of Houguan. The empress followed him into exile at Houguan; Quan Shang shepherded his kin toward Lingling but was overtaken and cut down. 〈The Wu lu records that Sun Liang's wife was quick-witted and lovely; she remained at Houguan until Jin conquered Wu, then returned home and died in the Yongning era.〉
23
朱夫人
Lady Zhu.
24
滕夫人
Lady Teng.
25
【評】
Appraisal.
26
評曰：《易》稱「正家而天下定」。 《詩》云：「刑於寡妻，至於兄弟，以御於家邦」。 誠哉，是言也！ 遠觀齊桓，近察孫權，皆有識士之明，傑人之志，而嫡庶不分，閨庭錯亂，遺笑古今，殃流後嗣。 由是論之，惟以道義為心、平一為主者，然後克免斯累邪！
The appraisal states: The Yi states, "Correcting the family, then all under Heaven is settled." The Shi jing states: "Model yourself on your few wife, reaching to your brothers, thereby to regulate family and state." How true those ancient lines ring! From Duke Huan of Qi down to Sun Quan, both men had a ruler's eye and a hero's drive, yet neither sorted heir from concubine-brood nor kept the women's quarters straight—so they became a byword and their houses paid for it in blood. From this we see: only the ruler who puts moral duty first and keeps heir and concubine lines in fair balance escapes that reckoning!