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十二諸侯年表

Chronicle of the Twelve Feudal Lords

Chapter 14 of 史記 · Records of the Grand Historian
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Chapter 14
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1
鹿 西
The Grand Historian, reading the Spring and Autumn Annals, the chronological tables, and the secret records, never failed to lay down his book and sigh when he came to King Li of Zhou. He said, "Alas, Master Zhi had already foreseen it!" When King Zhou fashioned ivory chopsticks, the Viscount of Ji sighed in dismay. When the Zhou way declined, poets took the marriage bed as their theme, and composed "Guan Ju." When benevolence and righteousness decayed, "Deer Cry" was composed as a critique. When it came to King Li, his refusal to hear his faults made the ministers fear punishment, and disaster followed. King Li fled to Zhi, chaos began in the capital itself, and the Gonghe then administered the government. After this, some ruled through force, the strong bullied the weak, and they raised armies without consulting the Son of Heaven. Yet they upheld the royal house's righteousness and carried out punitive campaigns as alliance leaders. Authority passed to the Five Hegemons, the feudal lords ran wild, and extravagance, lawlessness, traitorous ministers, and usurping sons multiplied. Qi, Jin, Qin, and Chu were utterly insignificant during Zhou's prosperous era, their fiefs no more than a hundred li or fifty li. Jin guarded the Three Rivers, Qi faced the eastern sea, Chu bordered the Jiang and Huai, and Qin relied on Yong province's natural defenses. Rulers of the four seas rose in succession, each replacing the last as hegemon. Those whom Wen and Wu praised and greatly enfeoffed all inspired awe and obedience. This is why Confucius clarified the kingly way, seeking audience with more than seventy rulers without success. He therefore observed the western Zhou court, discussed historical records and ancient traditions, rose up in Lu, and compiled the Spring and Autumn Annals. It ran from Duke Yin to the capture of the unicorn in Duke Ai's time, condensing the language and style and removing tedious repetitions to establish principles of righteousness. The kingly way was complete, and human affairs were thoroughly covered. The disciples of the seventy worthies received his transmitted teachings orally, for the wording contained passages of criticism, mockery, praise, concealment, and depreciation that could not be committed to writing. The Lu gentleman Zuoqiu Ming feared that disciples would each follow different doctrines and become content with their own opinions, thereby losing the truth. So, based on Confucius's historical records, he thoroughly discussed their sayings and completed the Zuo Tradition Spring and Autumn Annals. Duo Jiao wrote a commentary for King Wei of Chu, but since the king could not read the Spring and Autumn Annals in full, he selected examples of success and failure and in the end produced forty chapters called the Duo Family Annals. During King Xiaocheng of Zhao's reign, his chancellor Yu Qing drew from the Spring and Autumn Annals above and observed recent developments below, also writing eight chapters called the Yu Family Spring and Autumn Annals. Lü Buwei was chancellor to King Zhuangxiang of Qin and, revering antiquity, edited and gathered material from the Spring and Autumn Annals and from the time of the six states, arranging it into eight surveys, six discussions, and twelve records, which he called the Lü Family Spring and Autumn Annals. And like Xun Qing, Mencius, Gongsun Gu, Han Fei, and their followers, each collected fragments from the text of the Spring and Autumn Annals to write books, with greatly differing accounts. The Han chancellor Zhang Cang calendared the five virtues, and the senior grand master Dong Zhongshu expounded the principles of the Spring and Autumn Annals, writing about them at length.
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730祿
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BCE1YearZhouLuQiJinQinChuSongWeiChenCaiCaoZhengYanWu
841GengshenIn the first year of the Gonghe era, the son of King Li took up residence in the Duke of Shao's palace and became King Xuan. As the king was still young, the great ministers administered government jointly during the Gonghe period.The fifteenth year of Duke Zhen Bo Pi (one source gives the fourteenth year).The tenth year of Duke Wu Shou.The eighteenth year of Marquis Jing Yi Jiu.The fourth year of Qin Zhong.The seventh year of Xiong Yong.The eighteenth year of Duke Li.The fourteenth year of Marquis Li.The fourteenth year of Duke You Ning.The twenty-third year of Marquis Wu.The twenty-fourth year of Earl Yi.The twenty-fourth year of Marquis Hui.
84021611First year of Marquis Li of Jin, Situ.58191515242525
83931712269201616252626
838418133710211717262727
837Jiazi5191448Chu Xiong Yan first year221818First year of Marquis Yi of Cai.2828
8366201559223191922929
83572116610324202033030
8348221771142521214First year of Earl You of Cao, Qiang.31
8339231881252622225232
83210241991362723236333
831112520101472824Chen Li Gong Xiao first year7434
83012262111158First year of Duke Hui of Song, Jie.2528535
8291327221216922639636
828Fourteenth year, King Xuan ascended the throne, the Gonghe administration ended.2823131710327410737
827JiaxuXuan Wang first year29241418Chu Xiong Shuang first year428511838
82623025151925296129First year of Marquis Li of Yan, Zhuang.
8253First year of Duke Wu of Lu, Ao.2616203630713First year of Earl Dai of Cao, Xian.2
82442First year of Duke Li of Qi, Wu Ji.1721473181423
8235321822583291534
822643First year of Marquis Xian of Jin, Ji.236933101645
8217542First year of Duke Zhuang of Qin, Qi.Chu Xiong Xun first year1034111756
8208653221135121867
8199764331236131978
81810875441337142089
817jiashen119865514381521910
81612109766153916221011
81513First year of Duke Yi of Lu, Xi.First year of Duke Wen of Qi, Chi.877164017231112
8141422988174118241213
81315331099184219251314
812164411101019First year of Duke Wu of Wei, He.20261415
8111755Mu Hou Fu Sheng first year111120221271516
81018662121221322281617
80919773131322423First year of Marquis Li of Cai, Suo Shi.1718
8082088Four times took Qi women as consorts.14142352421819
807jiawu2199515152462531920
80622In the first year of Duke Xiao of Lu, Bo Yu was set up as ruler and was said to have been among the princely sons. Bo Yu was Duke Wu's grandson.106161625726420Duke Huan of Zheng, named You, was first enfeoffed in his first year. He was the younger brother of King Xuan of Zhou.21
80523211Seven, attacked Tiaosheng Crown Prince Chou.171726827521222
804243128181827928622323
803254First year of Duke Cheng of Qi, Yue.91919281029723424
8022652In the tenth year, he fought at Qianmou. He fathered Chou and his younger brother Cheng Shi. The reversal of the two sons' names drew criticism from gentlemen, and later there was disorder.2020291130824525
8012763112121301231925626
8002874122222In the thirty-first year, Duke Hui of Song died.13321026727
79929851323Chu Xiong E first yearDuke Dai of Song was established; first year.14331127828
798309614242215341228929
797jiachen31107152533163513291030
79632In the eleventh year, King Xuan of Zhou executed Bo Yu and installed his younger brother Cheng, who became Duke Xiao.8162644173614301131
7953312917275518Chen Wu Gong Ling first year15First year of Earl Hui of Cao, Zhi.1232
7943413First year of Duke Zhuang of Qi, Shu.1828661921621333
793351421929772031731434
792361532030882141841535
791371642131992251951636
790381752232Chu Ruo Ao first year1023620617First year of Marquis Qing of Yan.
789391862333211247217182
788401972434312258228193
787jiayin412082535413269239204
78642219263651427102410215
785432210In the twenty-seventh year, Mu Hou died; his younger brother Shang Shu proclaimed himself ruler, and Crown Prince Chou fled.3761528112511226
784442311Jin Shang Shu first year3871629122612237
78345241223981730132713248
78246251334091831142814259
781You Wang first year2614Four, Chou attacked and killed Shang Shu, established as Wen Hou.411019321529152610
780Year two: the three rivers shook in an earthquake.2715First year of Marquis Wen of Jin, Chou.42112033Chen Yi Gong Yue first year30162711
779Three, Wang took Bao Si.2816243122134231172812
77842917344132235332182913
777jiazi530184First year of Duke Xiang of Qin.142336Chen Ping Gong Xie first year33193014
7766311952152437234203115
7757322063162538335213216
7748332174172639436223317
7739342285182740537233418
77210352396192841638243519
771Eleven, You Wang killed by Dog Rong.362410Seven. They first received ranks among the feudal lords.20294273925Thirty-six, because of You Wang, killed by Dog Rong.20
770In King Ping's first year, the court moved east to Luoyi.372511Eight, initially established western altar, sacrificed to White Thearch.21304384026First year of Duke Wu of Zheng, Hua Tu.21
7692382612922314494127222
7683First year of Duke Hui of Lu, Fu Ting.271310233245104228323
767jiaxu42281411243346114329424
766532915Twelve, attacked Rong to Qi and died.2534471244305First year of Marquis Ai of Yan.
765643016First year of Duke Wen of Qin.26First year of Duke Wu of Song, Sikong.4813453162
7647531172272491446327First year of Marquis Zheng of Yan.
7638632183Chu Xiao Ao first year35015473382
7629733194245116483493
76110834205355217First year of Marquis Gong of Cai, Xing.35Ten, married Shen Hou's daughter Wu Jiang.4
76011935216465318236115
759121036227575419First year of Marquis Dai of Cai.First year of Duke Mu of Cao.126
75813113723868552022137
757jiashen141238249Chu Fen Mao first year9Wei Zhuang Gongyang first year2133Fourteen, gave birth to Zhuang Gong Wu Sheng.8
75615133925Ten, established Fan altar.2102224First year of Duke Huan of Cao, Zhong Sheng.159
7551614402611311323521610
75417154127124124In the first year of Duke Wen of Chen, he fathered Huan Gong Bao and Li Gong Ta. Ta's mother was a woman of Cai.63Seventeen, gave birth to younger brother Duan, mother wished to establish Duan, duke did not listen.11
753181642281351352741812
752191743291461463851913
751201844301571574962014
7502119453116816851072115
749222046321791796First year of Marquis Xuan of Cai, Kai Lun.82216
748232147331810In the eighteenth year, the mother of Duke Huan of Lu was born.107292317
747jiawu24224834Nineteen, established altar to Chen Bao.11First year of Duke Xuan of Song (Li)1183102418
74625234935201221294112519
745262450In the first year of Duke Zhao of Jin, he enfeoffed his uncle Cheng Shi at Quwo. As Quwo grew larger than the capital, the gentleman criticized, saying, "The disorder of Jin will begin at Quwo."2113313Ten, Duke Wen died.5122620
74427255122214414First year of Duke Huan of Chen6132721
743282652323155152714First year of Duke Zhuang of Zheng (Wu Sheng), Ji Zhong as chancellor.22
742292753424166163815223
741302854525177Seventeen, favored concubine son Zhou Xu, Zhou Xu fond of war.4916324
740312955626King Wu ascended.81851017425
739323056Pan Fu assassinated Duke Zhao and brought in Cheng Shi, but failed. Duke Zhao's son ascended and became Duke Xiao.27291961118526
7383331572283102071219627
737jiachen3432583294112181320728
7363533594305122291421829
735363460531613Twenty-three, consort bore no sons, Duke Huan ascended.101522930
734373561632714First year of Duke Huan of Wei (Wan)1116231031
733383662733815Two, younger brother Zhou Xu arrogant, Duke Huan deposed him, fled.1217241132
73239376383491631318251233
731403864Nine, Quwo Huan Shu Cheng Shi died, son Dai succeeded, became Zhuang Bo.35101741419261334
7304139First year of Duke Xi of Qi (Lu Fu)1036111851520271435
7294240Two, same mother younger brother Yi Zhong Yan gave birth to Gongsun Wu Zhi.113712Nineteen, duke died, commanded younger brother He established as Duke Mu.61621281536
72843413123813First year of Duke Mu of Song (He)717222916First year of Duke Mu of Yan
727jiayin4442413391428182330172
7264543514401539192431183
72546446154116410202532194
72447457Year sixteen: Quwo Zhuang Bo assassinated Duke Xiao, and the people of Jin established Duke Xiao's son Que as Duke E.4217511212633205
72348468First year of Duke E of Jin (Que), Quwo stronger than Jin.4318612222734216
72249First year of Duke Yin of Lu (Xi Gu), mother Sheng Zi.924419713232835Twenty-two, Duan rebelled, fled.7
7215021034520814242936Twenty-three, duke regretted, longed to see mother but could not, dug tunnel to meet.8
72051Three, second month, solar eclipse.1144621Nine, duke entrusted Kong Fu to establish Duke Shang. Feng fled to Zheng.15253037Twenty-four, invaded Zhou, took grain.9
719First year of King Huan41254722First year of Duke Shang of Song (Yu Yi)Sixteen, Zhou Xu assassinated duke self-established.Twenty-six, Wei Shi Que came to announce, therefore seized Zhou Xu.31382510
718Two, sent Duke Guo to attack Quwo in Jin.Five, duke viewed fish at Tang, gentleman criticized.13Year six: Duke E died. Quwo Zhuang Bo attacked Jin again and established Duke E's son Guang as Duke Ai.4823Two, Zheng attacked us. We attacked Zheng.First year of Duke Xuan of Wei (Jin), established jointly. Punished Zhou Xu.2732392611
717jiazi3Six, Zheng people came to renegotiate peace.14First year of Duke Ai of Jin (Guang)492432283340Twenty-seven, first audience with king, king did not treat courteously.12
7164715Two, Zhuang Bo died, son Cheng succeeded, became Duke Wu.5025432934412813
7155Eight, exchanged Xu fields, gentleman criticized.163First year of Duke Ning of Qin2654303542Twenty-nine, gave Beng to Lu, exchanged Xu fields.14
7146Nine, third month, great hailstorm, thunder.1742276531First year of Duke Huan of Cai (Feng Ren)433015
713710185328Seven, feudal lords defeated us. Our army with Wei attacked Zheng.6322443116
7128Year eleven: the grandee Hui asked to kill Duke Huan and sought to become chancellor; the duke would not listen, so he killed the duke.19642987333453217
7119First year of Duke Huan of Lu (Yun), mother was daughter of Duke Wu of Song, gave birth to Shou Wen as Lu consort.2075309834446Thirty-three, presented jade to Lu and exchanged the Xu fields.18
71010Two, Song bribed with a tripod that was placed in the grand temple, which the gentleman criticized.218631Hua Du saw that Kong Fu's wife was beautiful and desired her. Hua Du assassinated Kong Fu and then assassinated Duke Shang. In the first year of Duke Feng of Song, Hua Du served as chancellor.93554734First year of Duke Xuan of Yan
70911Three, Hui welcomed the woman, the Qi lord sent the woman, which the gentleman criticized.22First year of Xiao Zi of Jin7322103664835
70812423283331137749363
707jiaxuThirteen, attacked Zheng.5243934412Thirty-eight, younger brother Ta assassinated Crown Prince Mian. Replaced him on the throne, state fell into chaos, reported death twice.850Thirty-seven, attacked Zhou and wounded the king.4
706146Twenty-five, Shan Rong attacked us.Wu Gong of Quwo assassinated Xiao Zi. Zhou attacked Quwo and established Duke Ai's younger brother Min as Marquis of Jin. First year of Duke Min of Jin.10Thirty-five, invaded Sui, which practiced good governance and achieved peace.513First year of Duke Li of Chen (Ta)951Thirty-eight, Crown Prince Hu rescued Qi, Qi intended to marry him to a daughter.5
7051572621136614Two, gave birth to Jing Zhong Wan. Zhou historian divined that Wan's descendants would rule Qi.1052396
70416827312Thirty-seven, attacked Sui but could not take it, so made alliance and withdrew troops.71531153407
703179284First year of Chu Zi of Qin3881641254418
702181029523991751355429
7011911306340Ten, seized Ji Zhong.Eighteen, Crown Prince Ji and younger brother Shou contended to the death.614First year of Duke Zhuang of Cao (She Gu)4310
70020123174411119Seven, the duke debauched Cai, Cai assassinated the duke.152First year of Duke Li of Zheng (Tu)11
6992113Thirty-two, Duke Xi ordered Wu Zhi's ranked service to be like the crown prince's.854212First year of Duke Hui of Wei (Shuo)First year of Duke Zhuang of Chen (Lin), son of Duke Huan.163212
6982214339Six, the three fathers assassinated Chu Zi and established his elder brother Wu Gong.431322174Three, the feudal lords attacked us to avenge the Song matter.13
697jiashen23Fifteen, the heavenly king demanded chariots, not according to ritual.First year of Duke Xiang of Qi (Zhu Er), demoted Wu Zhi's ranked service, Wu Zhi resented it.10First year of Duke Wu of Qin, attacked Peng, reached Hua Mountain.4414Three, Shuo fled to Qi, established Qian Mu.3185Four, Ji Zhong established Hu, the duke went out to reside at Li.First year of Duke Huan of Yan
696First year of King Zhuang, gave birth to son Kui.Sixteen, the duke met with Cao to plan attacking Zheng.21124515First year of Qian Mu of Wei4196First year of Duke Zhao of Zheng (Hu), Hu's mother was Deng woman, Ji Zhong married her.2
695Two, had younger brother Ke.Seventeen, solar eclipse, day not recorded, officials erred.3123461625207Two, Qu Mi assassinated Duke Zhao.3
6943Year eighteen: the duke and his consort went to Qi; the lord of Qi seduced her and sent Peng Sheng to kill the duke in the chariot.Four, assassinated Duke Huan of Lu, executed Peng Sheng.134471736First year of Duke Ai of Cai (Xian Wu)8First year of Zi Wei of Zheng, Qi assassinated Zi Wei, disciple of Duke Zhao.4
693Four, Duke Zhou wished to assassinate the king and establish Zi Ke, the king executed Duke Zhou, Ke fled to Yan.First year of Duke Zhuang of Lu (Tong)514548184729First year of Zi Ying of Zheng, Zi Wei's younger brother.5
69252615649195First year of Duke Xuan of Chen (Chu Jiu), Chu Jiu was Duke Zhuang's younger brother.31026
69163716750First year of Duke Min of Song (Jie)6241137
69074Eight, attacked Ji, removed their capital city.178Fifty-one, king attacked, Sui informed consort's heart moved, king died in army.2735124First year of Duke Zhuang of Yan
6898Five, with Qi attacked Wei, installed Duke Hui.9189First year of King Wen of Chu (Zi), began capital at Ying.38461352
68896101910Year two: attacking Shen, they passed through Deng. The Marquis of Deng's nephew said, "Chu may be taken," but the marquis would not consent.49571463
687jiawu10Seven, stars fell like rain, together with rain.11201135Ten, Qi established Duke Hui, Qian Mu fled to Zhou.681574
68611Eight: Gongzi Jiu fled here with Guan Zhong to escape Wuzhi's disorder.Twelve, Wu Zhi killed ruler self-established.211246Duke Hui of Wei, Shuo, re-entered; fourteenth year.791685
68512Year nine: Lu wished to enter with Jiu, but after Xiao Bai, Qi blocked Lu and made them deliver Guan Zhong alive.First year of Qi Huan Gong Xiao Bai, spring, Qi killed Wu Zhi.221357158101796
68413Ten, Qi attacked us, because of Jiu.22314Year six: Lady Xi, a woman of Chen, passed through Cai; Cai did not treat her courteously, and she resented it. Chu attacked Cai, captured the Marquis of Cai, and returned.8169Eleven, Chu captured our lord.18107
68314Eleven, Zang Wen Zhong condoled Song flood.324157Nine, Song great flood, duke self-blamed. Lu sent Zang Wen Zhong to condole.17101219118
6821512425168Ten, Wan killed ruler, Qiu Mu had righteousness.18111320129
681First year of King XiThirteen, Cao Mo hijacked Huan Gong. Returned lost territory.Five, assembled with Lu people at Ke.26179First year of Duke Huan of Song (Yu Yue), Zhuang Gong's son.191214211310
68021462718102201315221411
679315Seven, began hegemony, assembled feudal lords at Juan.Year twenty-eight: Quwo Wu Gong extinguished Duke Min of Jin, presented treasures to Zhou, and Zhou commanded Wu Gong to be ruler of Jin, annexing its territory.1911321141623First year of Duke Li of Zheng, Duke Li fled seventeen years later re-entered.12
6784168When Duke Wu of Jin, Cheng, annexed Jin, he had already reigned for thirty-eight years, so the year count was not reset and continued from his original first year.Twenty, buried at Yong, began with human sacrifice.Twelve, attacked Deng extinguished it.422151724Two, feudal lords attacked us.13
677jiachen5179Thirty-nine, Wu Gong died, son Gui Zhu established, became Xian Gong.First year of Qin De Gong, Wu Gong's younger brother.13523161825314
676First year of King Hui, took Chen consort.1810First year of Jin Xian Gong Gui ZhuTwo, began making Fu sacrifice, sacrificed to She, split dogs at four gates.First year of Chu Du Ao Su624171926415
675Two, Yan and Wei attacked king, king fled to Wen, established Zi Kui.19112First year of Qin Xuan Gong2Seven, took Wei woman. Wen Gong's younger brother.251820275Sixteen, attacked king, king fled to Wen, established Zi Kui.
6743201232382619First year of Cai Mu Hou Xi286Seventeen, Zheng seized our Zhong Fu.
673Four, executed Kui, entered King Hui.211343492720229Seven, rescued Zhou disorder, entered king.18
672Five, crown prince's mother died early. Hui consort gave birth to Shu Dai.22Fourteen: Chen Wan fled here from Chen; the Tian Chang line began from this.Five, attacked Li Rong, obtained Ji.Four, established the Mi altar.Five, younger brother Yun assassinated Du Ao and established himself.1028Twenty-one, Duke Li's son Wan fled to Qi.330First year of Duke Wen of Zheng (Jie)19
6716Twenty-three, the duke went to Qi to view the suburban sacrifice.1565First year of King Cheng of Chu (Yun)112922431220
670724167621230235First year of Duke Xi of Cao (Yi)321
66982517Eight, completely slaughtered the former Jin duke's various sons.7313312462422
66892618Nine, began fortifying Jiang capital.8414First year of Duke Yi of Wei (Chi)2573523
667jiayinTen, granted the Qi lord his mandate.271910951522684624
666112820111061632795725
665122921Year twelve: Crown Prince Shensheng resided at Quwo, Chong Er at Pucheng, and Yiwu at Qu—because of Li Ji.11717428106826
6641330221312818529117927
6631431Twenty-three, attacked Shan Rong, for Yan's sake.14First year of Duke Cheng of Qin9196301281028
66215Year thirty-two: Duke Zhuang's younger brother Shu Ya died by poison. Qing Fu assassinated Zi Ban. jiyou fled to Chen and established Duke Min.2415210207311391129
66116First year of Duke Min of Lu25Year sixteen: extinguished Wei, Geng, and Huo. First enfeoffed Zhao Su at Geng and Bi Wan at Wei—this was the beginning.3112183214First year of Duke Zhao of Cao1230
66017Year two: Qing Fu assassinated Duke Min. jiyou, returning from Chen, established Shen as Duke Xi and killed Qing Fu.26Seventeen, Shen Sheng as general, gentleman knew he would be deposed.41222The Di attacked us. The duke loved cranes; his officers would not fight, and the state was extinguished. The people resented this; Duke Hui's disorder led to the extinction of his line, and his younger brother was installed. First year of Duke Dai of Wei.331521331
65918First year of Duke Xi of Lu (Shen), Ai Jiang's funeral arrived from Qi.Twenty-seven, killed younger sister Duke Zhuang's consort, because of licentiousness.18First year of Duke Mu of Qin (Ren Hao)1323First year of Duke Wen of Wei (Hui), Duke Dai's younger brother.341631432
658192Twenty-eight, built Chu Hill for Wei. Rescued from Rong Di attack.Nineteen, Xun Xi used bribes to borrow passage through Yu to attack Guo, extinguished Xia Yang.21424Two, Qi Huan Gong led feudal lords to build Chu Hill for us.351741533
657jiazi203Twenty-nine, shared boat with Cai Ji, she shook the duke, duke angered, returned Cai Ji.2031525336Eighteen, because of the woman, Qi attacked us.516First year of Duke Xiang of Yan
656214Thirty, led feudal lords to attack Cai, Cai collapsed, then attacked Chu, demanded the tribute of wrapped mugwort.Year twenty-one: Shensheng killed himself because of Li Ji's slander. Chong Er fled to Pu and Yiwu to Qu.Four, welcomed bride from Jin.Sixteen, Qi attacked us, reached Xing, sent Qu Wan to make alliance.26437196172
65522531Twenty-two, extinguished Yu and Guo. Chong Er fled to Di.51727538207183
654236Thirty-two, led feudal lords to attack Zheng.Twenty-three, Yiwu fled to Liang.6Eighteen, attacked Xu, Xu lord bared flesh to apologize, Chu followed.28639218194
653247332471929740229205
652Twenty-five, King Xiang established, feared Tai Shu.834Twenty-five, attacked Di, because of Chong Er.820Thirty, duke ill, Crown Prince Zi Fu yielded to elder brother Mu Yi as worthy, duke did not listen.84123First year of Duke Gong of Cao216
651First year of King Xiang, feudal lords established the king.Year nine: Qi led us to attack the disorder in Jin, then turned back at Gao Liang.Year thirty-five: in summer the feudal lords met at Kuiqiu. The Son of Heaven sent Grand Steward Kong to bestow sacrificial meat and commanded that there be no bowing.Year twenty-six: the duke died; Xi Qi was installed, and Li Ke killed him along with Zhuozi. Yiwu was then installed.Nine, Yiwu sent Xi Rui with bribes to seek entry.21Thirty-one, duke died, not yet buried, Qi Huan assembled Kui Qiu.942242227
650210Thirty-six, sent Xi Peng to establish Jin Duke Hui.First year of Jin Duke Hui (Yiwu), executed Li Ke, broke Qin alliance.Ten, Pi Zheng Zi Bao fled came.22First year of Duke Xiang of Song (Zi Fu), Mu Yi as chancellor.1043253238
649Year three: the Rong attacked us; Uncle Dai summoned them. The duke wished to execute Uncle Dai, but Uncle Dai fled to Qi.11372Eleven, rescued king attacked Rong, Rong withdrew.Twenty-three, attacked Huang.21144264Twenty-four, consort dreamed heaven gave orchid, gave birth to Duke Mu Lan.9
648412Year thirty-eight: he sent Guan Zhong to mediate with the Rong at Zhou; he wished to treat him with the rites of a senior minister, but Guan Zhong declined and accepted those of a junior minister.31224312452752510
647jiaxu513Year thirty-nine: he sent Zhongsun to petition the king and spoke of Shu Dai; the king was angered.Four, famine, requested grain, Qin gave us.Year thirteen: Pi Bao wished to withhold grain, but the duke would not listen and sent grain to Jin, building a road from Yong to Jiang.25413First year of Duke Mu of Chen (Kuan)2862611
64661440Five, Qin famine, requested grain, Jin broke it.14Twenty-six, extinguished Liu, Ying.51422972712
6457Fifteen, fifth month, solar eclipse. Not recorded, historian erred.41Six, Qin captured Duke Hui, re-established him.Fifteen, because robber ate good horse knight obtained broke Jin.276153First year of Duke Zhuang of Cai (jiawu)82813
644816Forty-two, king with Rong invaders informed Qi, Qi summoned feudal lords to defend Zhou.Seven, Chong Er heard Guan Zhong died, left Di to Qi.Sixteen, established officials for east of river.28Seven, five stones fell. Six lu retreated flying, passed our capital.164292914
643917438172981753103015
6421018First year of Duke Xiao of Qi (Zhao)9183091864113116
6411119210Year nineteen: Liang was extinguished. Liang loved fortifying cities and did not dwell in them; the people were exhausted and alarmed one another, and so it perished.31101975123217
64012203112032112086133318
639132141221Thirty-three, seized Duke Xiang of Song, returned him.Twelve, summoned Chu alliance.2197143419
638Fourteen, Shu Dai returned to Zhou.22Five, returned king's younger brother Dai.Thirteen, crown prince Yu hostage Qin fled returned.2234Thirteen, Hong battle, Chu defeated duke.2210815Thirty-five, duke went to Chu, Song attacked us.20
637jiashen1523Six, attacked Song, because did not join alliance.Fourteen, Yu established, became Duke Huai.Year twenty-three: welcoming Chong Er from Chu, they treated him with generous rites and gave him a daughter in marriage. Chong Er wished to return.Thirty-five, Chong Er passed, treated thickly.Fourteen, duke died from Hong battle.Twenty-three, Chong Er from Qi passed, no courtesy.119Sixteen, Chong Er passed, no courtesy, Xi Fu Ji privately befriended.Thirty-six, Chong Er passed, no courtesy, Shu Zhan admonished.21
636Sixteen, king fled to Si. Si is Zheng territory.247In the first year of Duke Wen of Jin, he executed Zi Yu. Wei Wuzi became grandee of Wei and Zhao Shuai grandee of Yuan. Jiu Fan said, "To seek hegemony, nothing is better than securing the king within."Twenty-four, sent troops to send Chong Er.36First year of Duke Cheng of Song (Wang Chen)241210173722
635Seventeen, Jin brought in king.2582Twenty-five, wished to bring in king, army at river.372251311183823
63418269Three, Song submitted.2638Three, doubly allied with Chu and became close to Jin.First year of Duke Cheng of Wei (Zheng)1412193924
6331927Year ten: Duke Xiao died; his younger brother Pan, with the aid of Wei nobleman Kai Fang, killed Duke Xiao's son and installed Pan.Four, rescued Song, avenged Cao and Wei's humiliation.27Thirty-nine, sent Zi Yu to attack Song.Four, Chu attacked us, we urgently appealed to Jin.21513204025
632Year twenty: the king hunted at Heyang.Twenty-eight, duke went to Jian Tu to assemble for audience.First year of Duke Zhao of Qi (Pan), assembled with Jin to defeat Chu, audience with Zhou king.Year five: invaded Cao and attacked Wei, took Wulu, and seized the Marquis of Cao. The feudal lords defeated Chu and paid court at Heyang; Zhou commanded that land be granted to the duke.Twenty-eight, assembled with Jin to attack Chu and audience with Zhou.Forty, Jin defeated Zi Yu at Cheng Pu.Five, Jin rescued us, Chu troops withdrew.Year three: Jin attacked us and took Wulu. The duke fled; Prince Xia paid court to Jin and the duke returned to Wei.Sixteen, assembled with Jin to attack Chu, audience with Zhou king.Fourteen, assembled with Jin to attack Chu, audience with Zhou king.Twenty-one, Jin attacked us, seized duke, then returned him.4126
63121292629416Four, Jin gave Wei to Song.First year of Duke Gong of Chen (Shuo)15224227
63022303Seven, listened to Zhou and returned Duke Cheng of Wei. Allied with Qin to besiege Zheng.Thirty, besieged Zheng, upon hearing words withdrew.427Five, Zhou entered Duke Cheng, restored Wei.21623Forty-three, Qin and Jin besieged us, because of Jin.28
629233148314386317244429
62824325Nine, Duke Wen died.Year thirty-two: about to attack Zheng; Jian Shu said, "It cannot be done."449741825Forty-five, Duke Wen died.30
627jiawu25Thirty-three, Duke Xi died.Six, Di invaded us.First year of Duke Xiang of Jin (Huan), defeated Qin at Xiao.Thirty-three, raided Zheng, Jin defeated us at Xiao.4510851926First year of Duke Mu of Zheng (Lan), Qin raided us, Xian Gao deceived them.31
62626First year of Duke Wen of Lu (Xing)7Two, attacked Wei, Wei attacked us.Thirty-four, defeated at Xiao about to flee and return, duke restored their offices.Year forty-six: the king wished to kill the crown prince and install Zhi; the crown prince feared this and, with tutor Pan Chong, killed the king. The king had demanded bear's paw before dying, but they would not listen; he installed himself as king.11Nine, Jin attacked us, we attacked Jin.62027232
6252728Three, Qin avenged our Xiao defeat, defeated us at Wang.Thirty-five, attacked Jin to avenge Xiao, defeated us at Wang.First year of King Mu of Chu (Shang Chen), granted his crown prince's residence to Chong, made him chancellor.121072128333
62428Three, duke went to Jin.9Four, Qin attacked us, took Wang Guan, we did not go out.Thirty-six, with Meng Ming and others attacked Jin, Jin did not dare go out.Two, Jin attacked us.131182229434
62329410Five, attacked Qin, besieged Yuan and Xin Cheng.Thirty-seven, Jin attacked us, besieged Yuan and Xin Cheng.Three, extinguished Jiang.14Twelve, duke went to Jin.92330535
62230511Six, Zhao Cheng Zi, Luan Zhen Zi, Huo Bo, Jiu Ji all died.38Four, extinguished Liu and Liao.1513102431636
62131612Year seven: the duke died. Zhao Dun served as tutor to the crown prince and wished to install another ruler, but fearing execution, he installed the crown prince as Duke Ling.Year thirty-nine: Duke Mu died. He was buried with human sacrifice, and 170 persons died with him. The gentleman criticized this, and therefore the text does not record his death.51614112532737
62032713First year of Duke Ling of Jin (Yi Gao), Zhao Dun monopolized government.First year of Duke Kang of Qin (Ying)6Seventeen, Gongsun Gu killed Cheng Gong.15122633838
619Thirty-three, King Xiang died.Eight, king sent Wei to seek gold for burial, not according to ritual.14Two, Qin attacked us, took Wu Cheng, avenged Ling Gu battle.27First year of Duke Zhao of Song (Chu Jiu), Xiang Gong's son.16132734939
618First year of King Qing915Three, led feudal lords to rescue Zheng.3Eight, attacked Zheng, because submitted to Jin.217142835Ten, Chu attacked us.40
617jiachen21016Four, attacked Qin, took Shao Liang. Qin took our Bei Zheng.Four, Jin attacked us, took Shao Liang. We attacked Jin took Bei Zheng.93181529First year of Duke Wen of Cao (Shou)11First year of Duke Huan of Yan
6163Eleven, defeated Tall Di at Xian, returned, got Tall Di.175510Four, defeated Tall Di at Chang Qiu.1916302122
61541218Six, Qin took our Ji Ma. Fought Qin at He Qu, Qin army fled.Six, attacked Jin, took Ji Ma. Angry, fought great battle with us at He Qu.1152017313133
61451319Seven, got Sui Hui.Seven, Jin deceived got Sui Hui.1262118324144
613Six, King Qing died. Ministers contended for government, therefore did not report death.Year fourteen: a comet entered the Northern Dipper. The Zhou court historian said, "In seven years the rulers of Song, Qi, and Jin will die."Twenty, Duke Zhao died. Younger brother Shang Ren killed crown prince self-established, became Duke Yi.Eight, Zhao Dun with 800 chariots installed Jie Gai, pacified royal house.8First year of King Zhuang of Chu (Lu)722First year of Duke Ling of Chen (Ping Guo)335155
612First year of King KuangFifteen, sixth month xinchou, solar eclipse, Qi attacked us.First year of Duke Yi of Qi (Shang Ren)Nine, we entered Cai.928232Thirty-four, Jin attacked us. Zhuang Hou died.Six, Qi entered our outer wall.166
611216Two, did not gain people's hearts.1010Three, extinguished Yong.Nine, Xiang consort made Wei Bo kill Duke Zhao. Younger brother Bao established.243First year of Duke Wen of Cai (Shen)7177
6103Seventeen, Qi attacked us.Three, attacked Lu.Eleven, led feudal lords to pacify Song.114First year of Duke Wen of Song (Bao), Duke Zhao's younger brother. Jin led feudal lords pacified us.25428188
6094Year eighteen: Xiang Zhong killed the legitimate heir and established the concubine's son as Duke Xuan.Year four: the duke mutilated the father of Bing Que and took the wife of Yan Zhi; the two together killed the duke and installed Duke Hui, son of Duke Huan.12125226539199
6085First year of Duke Xuan of Lu (Bei), Lu established Xuan Gong, not proper, ducal house lowly.First year of Duke Hui of Qi (Yuan), took Lu Ji Xi fields.Thirteen, Zhao Dun rescued Chen and Song, attacked Zheng.First year of Qin Duke Gong (He)Six, attacked Song and Chen, because doubled submission to Jin.Three, Chu and Zheng attacked us, because doubled Chu.276410Year twenty: with Chu they invaded Chen and then invaded Song. Jin sent Zhao Dun to attack us because we had turned against Jin.10
607jiayinSix, King Kuang died.2Two, crown prince Cheng Fu defeated Tall Di.Year fourteen: Zhao Chuan killed Duke Ling; Zhao Dun had Chuan welcome Prince Hei from Zhou and installed him. The Zhao clan was granted the status of ducal kindred.27Four, Hua Yuan trapped in Zheng because of sheep stew.287511Twenty-one, fought with Song army, captured Hua Yuan.11
606First year of King Ding33First year of Duke Cheng of Jin (Hei Lie), attacked Zheng.3Eight, attacked Lu Hun, reached Luo, inquired tripod weight.Five, ransomed Hua Yuan, fled returned. Besieged Cao.2986Twelve, Song besieged us.Twenty-two, Hua Yuan fled returned.12
60524424Nine, Ruo Ao clan caused disorder, extinguished them. Attacked Zheng.6309713First year of Duke Ling of Zheng (Yi), Gong Zi Gui Sheng assassinated Duke Ling because of turtle.13
604355Three, Zhonghang Huan Zi Xun Lin Fu rescued Zheng, attacked Chen.510731Year ten: Chu attacked Zheng and made peace with us. Jin's Xinghang Huanzi blocked Chu, rescued Zheng, and attacked us.814First year of Duke Xiang of Zheng (Jian), Duke Ling's younger brother. Chu attacked us, Jin came rescued.14
603466Four, invaded Chen with Wei.First year of Duke Huan of Qin118Thirty-two, invaded Chen with Jin.Eleven, Jin and Wei invaded us.915215
6025775212933121016316
6016Eight, seventh month, solar eclipse.8Six, with Lu attacked Qin, captured Qin spy, executed Jiang market, revived after six days.Three, Jin attacked us, captured spy.Thirteen, attacked Chen, extinguished Shu Liao.1034Thirteen, Chu attacked us.11174First year of Duke Xuan of Yan
600799Seven, sent Huan Zi attacked Chu. Led feudal lords army attacked Chen rescued Zheng. Duke Cheng died.4Fourteen, attacked Zheng, Jin Xi Que rescued Zheng, defeated us.1135141218Five, Chu attacked us, Jin came rescued, defeated Chu army.
5998Fourteen, month, solar eclipse.Ten, duke died. Cui Zhu favored, Gao Guo drove out, fled Wei.First year of Duke Jing of Jin (Ju), attacked Zheng with Song.51512First year of Duke Mu of Wei (Chi), Qi Cui Zhu fled here.Fifteen, Xia Zheng Shu killed Duke Ling because of mother.1319Six, Jin Song Chu attacked us.3
598911First year of Duke Qing of Qi (Wu Ye)26Sixteen, led feudal lords executed Chen Xia Zheng Shu, established Chen Duke Ling's son Wu.132First year of Duke Cheng of Chen (Wu), Duke Ling's crown prince.142074
597jiazi10122Three, rescued Zheng, defeated by Chu at river.7Seventeen, besieged Zheng, Zheng lord bared flesh apologized, released.Fourteen, attacked Chen.321521Eight, Chu besieged us, used humble words resolved.5
5961113348181543162296
59512144Fifth year. Attacked Zheng.9Nineteenth year. Besieged Song because Song had killed Chu's envoy.Sixteenth year. Killed a Chu envoy, and Chu besieged us.5417Twenty-third year. Duke Wen died.Tenth year. Jin attacked us.7
59413Fifteenth year. The initial tax on acreage was instituted.5Sixth year. Rescued Song and seized Xie Yang, who had envoy credentials. Qin attacked us.10Twentieth year. Besieged Song. In the fifth month, Hua Yuan told Zifan the truth, and Chu withdrew.Seventeenth year. Hua Yuan informed Chu, and Chu withdrew.6518First year of Duke Xuan of Cao, Lu.Eleventh year. Assisted Chu in attacking Song and seized Xie Yang.8
59314166Seventh year. Sui Hui destroyed the Red Di.11211876192129
59215Seventeenth year. There was a solar eclipse.Seventh year. Jin sent Xi Ke to Qi; the women laughed at him. Xi Ke was angered and returned home.Eighth year. Sent Xi Ke as envoy to Qi; the women laughed at him. Xi Ke was angered and returned home.12221987Twentieth year. Duke Wen died.31310
59116Eighteen, Duke Xuan died.Eight, Jin attacked defeated us.Nine, attacked Qi, hostage Qiang, troops stopped.13Twenty-three, King Zhuang died.2098First year of Duke Jing of Cai (Gu)41411
59017First year of Duke Cheng of Lu (Hei Gong), spring, Qi took our Long.91014First year of King Gong of Chu (Shen)21109251512
58918Two, with Jin attacked Qi, Qi returned Wen Yang to us, secretly allied with Chu.Ten, Jin Xi Ke defeated duke at An, captured Peng Chou Fu.Eleven, with Lu, Cao defeated Qi.15Year two: in autumn, Duke Shen of Wu stole the mother of Zheng Shux and fled to Jin, where he was made grandee of Xing. In winter, they attacked Wei and Lu and rescued Qi.22Eleven, Duke Mu died. With feudal lords defeated Qi, reversed invaded territory. Chu attacked us.10361613
58819Three, assembled Jin, Song, Wei, Cao attacked Zheng.Eleven, Duke Qing went to Jin, wished to make Jin king, Jin did not dare accept.Twelve, began establishing six ministers. Led feudal lords attacked Zheng.163First year of Duke Gong of Song (Xia)First year of Duke Ding of Wei (Zang)114Seven, attacked Zheng.Seventeen, Jin led feudal lords attacked us.14
587jiaxu20Four, duke went to Jin, Jin not respectful, duke wished to break Jin alliance with Chu.12Thirteen, Lu duke came, not respectful.17Four, Zi Fan rescued Zheng.221258Eighteen, Jin Luan Shu took our Fan. Duke Xiang died.15
586Twenty, King Ding died.513Fourteen, Liang Mountain collapsed. Bo Zong hid the person but used his words.18Five, attacked Zheng, because broke us. Duke Dao of Zheng came to accuse.331369First year of Duke Dao of Zheng (Fei), duke went to Chu to accuse.First year of Duke Zhao of Yan
585First year of King Jian614Fifteen, sent Luan Shu to rescue Zheng, then invaded Cai.1964414Seven, Jin invaded us.10Two, Duke Dao died. Chu attacked us, Jin sent Luan Shu to rescue.2First year of Wu Shou Meng
5842715Sixteen, with wuchen began communicating with Wu to plot against Chu.20Seven, attacked Zheng.5515811First year of Duke Cheng of Zheng (Mai), Dao Gong's younger brother. Chu attacked us.3Two, minister Wu came, plotted to attack Chu.
5833816Seventeen, restored Zhao Wu's fields. Invaded Cai.2186616Nine, Jin attacked us.12243
58249Seventeen, Duke Qing died.Eighteen, seized Zheng Duke Cheng, attacked Zheng. Qin attacked us.Twenty-two, attacked Jin.Nine, rescued Zheng. Winter, made alliance with Jin.77171013Three, made alliance with Chu. Duke went to Jin, duke seized and attacked us.54
5815Ten, duke went to Jin for funeral, concealed it.First year of Duke Ling of Qi (Huan)19231088181114Four, Jin led feudal lords to attack us.65
5806112First year of Duke Li of Jin (Shou Man)Twenty-four, allied with Jin duke across river, returned and broke alliance.1199191215576
5797123225121010201316687
5788Thirteen, assembled with Jin to attack Qin.Four, attacked Qin.Three, attacked Qin to Jing, defeated them, captured their general Cheng Chai.Twenty-six, Jin led feudal lords to attack us.13Eleven, Jin led us to attack Qin.112114Seventeen, Jin led us to attack Qin.Seven, Jin led us to attack Qin.98
577jiashen91454271412Twelve, Duke Ding died.2215First year of Duke Cheng of Cao (Fu Chu)8109
57610Fifteen, began communicating with Wu, assembled at Zhongli.6Five, three Xi slandered Bo Zong, assassinated him, Bo Zong was fond of direct remonstrance.First year of Duke Jing of QinFifteen, Xu feared Zheng, requested to move to Ye.Thirteen, Hua Yuan fled to Jin, then returned.First year of Duke Xian of Wei (Kan)2316Two, Jin seized our duke and took him back.911Ten, assembled with Lu at Zhongli.
57511Sixteen, Xuan Bo informed Jin, wished to kill Ji Wen Zi, Wen Zi escaped using righteousness.7Six, defeated Chu at Yan Ling.2Sixteen, rescued Zheng, unfavorable. Zi Fan drunk, army defeated, assassinated Zi Fan and returned.First year of Duke Ping of Song (Cheng)224173Ten, broke Jin alliance with Chu, Jin attacked us, Chu came to rescue.1211
574121787317232518411Thirteen, Duke Zhao died.12
57313Eighteen, Duke Cheng died.9Eight, Luan Shu and Zhonghang Yan assassinated Duke Li, established Duke Xiang's great-grandson as Duke Dao.4Eighteen, made Yu Shi attack Song's Peng Cheng.Three, Chu attacked Peng Cheng, enfeoffed Yu Shi.426195Twelve, attacked Song with Chu.First year of Duke Wu of Yan13
572Fourteen, King Jian died.First year of Duke Xiang of Lu (Wu), besieged Song's Peng Cheng.Ten, Jin attacked us, sent crown prince Guang as hostage to Jin.First year of Duke Dao of Jin, besieged Song's Peng Cheng.5Nineteen, invaded Song, rescued Zheng.Four, Chu invaded us, took Quan Qiu. Jin executed Yu Shi, returned Peng Cheng to us.Five, besieged Song's Peng Cheng.27206Thirteen, Jin attacked and defeated us, troops camped at Wei, Chu came to rescue.214
571In King Ling's first year, a child with a beard was born.Two, assembled with Jin at Hu Lao fortress.11Two, led feudal lords to attack Zheng, fortified Hu Lao.6205628217Fourteen, Cheng Gong died. Jin led feudal lords to attack us.315
5702312Three, Wei Jiang insulted Yang Gan.7Twenty-one, sent Zi Chong to attack Wu, reached Heng Mountain. Sent He Ji to invade Chen.67Twenty-nine, broke Chu alliance, Chu invaded us.228First year of Duke Xi of Zheng (Yun)4Sixteen, Chu attacked us.
5693Four, duke went to Jin.13Four, Wei Jiang persuaded to make peace with Rong and Di, Di came to Jin court.8Twenty-two, attacked Chen.78Thirty, Chu attacked us. Cheng Gong died.2392517
5684Five, Ji Wen Zi died.1459Twenty-three, attacked Chen.89First year of Duke Ai of Chen (Ruo)24103618
567jiawu561561024910225114719
5666716711Twenty-five, besieged Chen.1011Three, Chu besieged us, duke fled back.2612Five, Zi Si sent assassin to kill Xi Gong at night, falsely announced illness and death to feudal lords.820
5657Eight, duke went to Jin.17812Twenty-six, attacked Zheng.11124Twenty-seven, Zheng invaded us.13First year of Duke Jian of Zheng (Jia), Xi Gong's son.921
5648Year nine: with Jin they attacked Zheng and met at the River; they asked the duke's age—twelve—and he was capped in Wei.Eighteen, with Jin attacked Zheng.Nine, led Qi, Lu, Song, Wei, Cao to attack Zheng. Qin attacked us.Thirteen, attacked Jin, Chu aided us.Twenty-seven, attacked Zheng, camped at Wu Cheng, for Qin.Twelve, Jin led us to attack Zheng.Thirteen, Jin led us to attack Zheng. At Cao, duke favored consort.528Fourteen, Jin led us to attack Zheng.Year two: executed Zi Chan. Jin led the feudal lords to attack us; we made alliance with them. Chu was angered and attacked us.1022
563Nine, Wang Shu fled to Jin.Ten, Chu and Zheng invaded our western borders.Nineteen, ordered crown prince Guang and Gao Hou to assemble feudal lords at Zhongli.Ten, led feudal lords to attack Zheng. Xun Ying attacked Qin.Fourteen, Jin attacked us.Twenty-eight, sent Zi Nang to rescue Zheng.Thirteen, Zheng attacked us, Wei came to rescue.Fourteen, rescued Song.62915Year three: Jin led the feudal lords to attack us; Chu came to the rescue. Zi Kong rebelled, and Zi Chan attacked him.1123
56210Eleven, three Huan divided into three armies, each commanded army.20Year eleven: he led the feudal lords to attack Zheng; Qin defeated us at Li. The duke said, "By employing Wei Jiang I assembled the feudal lords nine times," and granted him music.Fifteen, we sent Shu Zhang Bao to attack Jin and rescue Zheng, defeated them at Li.Twenty-nine, with Zheng attacked Song.Fourteen, Chu and Zheng attacked us.Fifteen, attacked Zheng.73016Four, with Chu attacked Song, Jin led feudal lords attacked us, Qin came to rescue.1224
56111Twelve, duke went to Jin.21121630151683117513Twenty-five, Shou Meng died.
5601213221317Thirty-one, Wu attacked us, defeated them. King Gong died.161793218614First year of Wu Zhu Fan, Chu defeated us.
55913Fourteen, solar eclipse.Twenty-three, Wei Duke Xian fled here.Fourteen, led feudal lords' grandees to attack Qin, defeated at Yu Lin.Eighteen, Jin feudal lords' grandees attacked us, defeated at Yu Lin.First year of King Kang of Chu (Zhao), King Gong's crown prince fled to Wu.17Eighteen, Sun Wen Zi attacked the duke, duke fled to Qi, established Duke Ding's younger brother Di.103319715Two, jizi yielded the throne. Chu attacked us.
55814Fifteen, solar eclipse. Qi attacked us.Twenty-four, attacked Lu.Fifteen, Duke Dao died.19218First year of Duke Shang of Wei (Di), Duke Ding's younger brother.1134208163
557jiachen15Sixteen, Qi attacked us. Earthquake. Qi again attacked our northern borders.Twenty-five, attacked Lu.First year of Duke Ping of Jin (Biao), we defeated Chu at Zhan Ban.20Three, Jin attacked us, defeated at Zhan Ban.1921235219174
55616Seventeen, Qi attacked our northern borders.Twenty-six, attacked Lu.2214Twenty, attacked Chen.Three, attacked Cao.Thirteen, Song attacked us.36Twenty-two, Wei attacked us.10185
55517Eighteen, attacked Qi with Jin.Twenty-seven, Jin besieged Lin Zi. Yan Ying.Three, led Lu, Song, Zheng, Wei to besiege Qi, greatly defeated them.22Five, attacked Zheng.Twenty-one, Jin led us to attack Qi.41437Twenty-three, Duke Cheng died.Eleven, Jin led us to besiege Qi. Chu attacked us.Nineteen, Duke Wu died.6
5541819Year twenty-eight: deposed Guang and installed Ziya as crown prince. Guang, with Cui Zhu, killed Ziya and installed himself. Jin and Wei attacked us.Four, attacked Qi with Wei.23622Five, Jin led us to attack Qi.1538First year of Duke Wu of Cao (Sheng)Twelve, Zi Chan became minister.First year of Duke Wen of Yan7
55319Twenty, solar eclipse.First year of Duke Zhuang of Qi5247236163921328
55220Twenty-one, duke went to Jin. Sun eclipsed twice.2Six, Lu Duke Xiang came. Assassinated Yang She Hu.258247174031439
55121Twenty-two, Confucius born.Year three: Luan Ying of Jin came as a fugitive. Yan Ying said, "It would be better to send him back."Seven, Luan Ying fled to Qi.2692581841415410
5502223Four, wished to send Luan Ying to enter Quwo to attack Jin, take Zhao Ge.8271026Nine, Qi attacked us.1942516511
54923Twenty-four, invaded Qi. Sun eclipsed twice.Five, feared Jin communicated with Chu, Yan Ying plotted.928Eleven, communicated with Qi. Led Chen, Cai attacked Zheng rescued Qi.2710Twenty, Chu led us to attack Zheng.Forty-three, Chu led us to attack Zheng.6Seventeen, Fan Xuan Zi governed. We requested to attack Chen.612
54824Twenty-five, Qi attacked our northern borders, to avenge Xiao Bo's army.Year six: Jin attacked us to avenge Chaoge. Cui Zhu, because the duke had seduced his wife, killed him and installed his younger brother as Duke Jing.Ten, attacked Qi to Gao Tang, avenged Tai Xing campaign.Twenty-nine, duke went to Jin, alliance not concluded.Twelve, Wu attacked us, to avenge naval campaign, shot and killed Wu king.2811Twenty-one, Zheng attacked us.447Eighteen, attacked Chen, entered Chen.First year of Duke Yi of YanThirteen, Zhu Fan attacked Chu, pressed Nest Gate, injured by arrow died.
547jiayin2526First year of Qi Duke Jing (Chu Jiu), went to Jin, requested return Wei Duke Xian.Eleven, executed Wei Duke Shang, re-entered Duke Xian.30Thirteen, led Chen, Cai attacked Zheng.29Twelve, Qi, Jin executed Duke Shang, re-entered Duke Xian.Twenty-two, Chu led us to attack Zheng.458Nineteen, Chu led Chen, Cai to attack us.2First year of Wu Yu Ji
54626Twenty-seven, solar eclipse.Two, Qing Feng wished monopoly, executed Cui clan, Zhu committed suicide.12311430First year of Wei Duke Xian (Kan) later234692032
54527Twenty-eight, duke went to Chu. Buried King Kang.Year three, winter: Bao, Gao, and the Luan clan plotted against Qing Feng; they raised troops to attack Qing Feng, and Qing Feng fled to Wu.1332Fifteen, King Kang died.31224471021Four, Duke Yi died.Three, Qi Qing Feng fled here.
544First year of King JingTwenty-nine, Wu Ji Zha came to observe Zhou music, knew all music meanings.Four, Wu Ji Zha came as envoy, happy with Yan Ying.Year fourteen: Wu Jizi of Wu came and said, "In the end, the government of Jin will pass to Han, Wei, and Zhao."33First year of Chu Xiong Ju Ao323254811Year twenty-two: Wu Jizi of Wu told Zichan, "Power is about to pass to you. If you abide by ritual, you may yet escape calamity."First year of Duke Hui of Yan, Qi Gao Zhi fled here.Four, gatekeeper assassinated Yu Ji. Ji Zha made feudal lords.
54323051534233First year of Duke Xiang of Wei (Wu)26Year forty-nine: he took a woman of Chu for the crown prince; the duke seduced her, and the crown prince killed the duke and installed himself.12Year twenty-three: the various princes contended for favor and killed one another; they also wished to kill Zichan, but Zicheng stopped them.25
5423Thirty-one, Duke Xiang died.61635Three, Wang Ji Fu became Ling Yin.34227First year of Duke Ling of Cai (Ban)132436
5414First year of Duke Zhao of Lu (Chou), Duke Zhao age nineteen, had childish heart.7Seventeen, Qin Hou Zi fled here.Year thirty-six: the duke's younger brother Hou Zi fled to Jin with a thousand chariots.Four, Ling Yin Wei assassinated Ju Ao, self-established as King Ling.353282142547
5405Two, duke went to Jin, reached river, Jin apologized returned him.Eight, Tian Wu Yu sent woman.Eighteen, Qi Tian Wu Yu came to send a woman.37First year of King Ling of Chu (Wei), King Gong's son, Zhou Yu.364293152658
53963Year nine: Yan Ying went on a mission to Jin and saw Shu Xiang. Yan Ying said, "The government of Qi will pass to the Tian clan." Shu Xiang said, "The ducal house of Jin is declining."1938237530416Twenty-seven, summer, went to Jin. Winter, went to Chu.Year six: the duke wished to kill the high ministers and install favored attendants; the high ministers executed the favored attendants, and the duke, in fear, fled to Qi.9
5387Four, claimed illness would not assemble with Chu.102039Year three: in summer the feudal lords assembled in Song territory and made covenant. They attacked Wu at Zhufang and executed Qing Feng. In winter, in retaliation against us, they took three cities.38Six, claimed illness would not assemble with Chu.315Seventeen, claimed illness would not assemble with Chu.Year twenty-eight: Zi Chan said, "The three states will not assemble."7Ten, Chu executed Qing Feng.
537jiazi8511Twenty-one, Qin Hou Zi returned to Qin.Forty, duke died. Hou Zi returned from Jin.Four, led feudal lords to attack Wu.39732618298Eleven, Chu led feudal lords to attack us.
53696Twelve, duke went to Jin, requested to attack Yan, entered their ruler.Twenty-two, Qi Duke Jing came, requested to attack Yan, entered their ruler.First year of Duke Ai of QinFive, attacked Wu, camped at Qian Xi.4083371930Nine, Qi attacked us.Twelve, Chu attacked us, camped at Qian Xi.
53510Seven, jiwu Zi died. Solar eclipse.Thirteen, entered Yan ruler.Twenty-three, entered Yan ruler.2Six, seized Shu Yin refugee entered Zhang Hua.41Nine, consort Jiang had no sons.3482031First year of Duke Dao of Yan, Duke Hui returned and died.13
53411Eight, duke went to Chu, Chu detained him. Congratulated Zhang Hua Tower.14243Seven, went to Zhang Hua Tower, inside filled with refugees. Extinguished Chen.42First year of Duke Ling of WeiThirty-five, younger brother Zhao caused disorder, Duke Ai committed suicide.92132214
53312915254Eight, younger brother Qi Ji led troops to pacify Chen.432First year of Duke Hui of Chen (Wu), Duke Ai's grandson. Chu came to pacify us.102233315
532131016Twenty-six, spring, star appeared in Wu Nu. Seventh month, duke died.59Forty-four, Duke Ping died.32112334416
531141117First year of Duke Zhao of Jin (Yi)6Year ten: while drunk, he killed the Marquis of Cai and sent Qiji to besiege him. Qiji dwelt there and became Marquis of Cai.First year of Duke Yuan of Song (Zuo)43Year twelve: Marquis Ling went to Chu; Chu killed him and sent Qiji to dwell there, making him Marquis of Cai.2435517
53015Twelve, audience with Jin to the river, Jin apologized and returned.Eighteen, duke went to Jin.27Year eleven: the king attacked Xu to intimidate Wu and halted at Ganxi. The people were exhausted by corvée labor and resented the king.2Five, duke went to Jin, audience with successor ruler.4First year of Cai Lord Lu, Duke Jing's son.25Thirty-six, duke went to Jin.6First year of Wu Yu Mei
52916131938Twelve, Qi Ji caused disorder and self-established, King Ling committed suicide. Restored Chen and Cai.36Five, Chu King Ping restored Chen, established Duke Hui.Two, Chu King Ping restored us, established Duke Jing's son Lu.26First year of Duke Ding of Zheng (Ning)72
52817142049First year of King Ping of Chu (Ju), Gong Wang's son, Bao Yu.4763272First year of Duke Gong of Yan3
527jiaxuEighteen, queen's crown prince died.Fifteen, solar eclipse. Duke went to Jin, Jin detained for burial, duke ashamed.21510Two, king took Qin woman for crown prince, favored, took himself.5874First year of Duke Ping of Cao (Xu)324
526191622Six, duke died. Six ministers strong, ducal house lowly.1136985243First year of Wu Liao
52520Seventeen, fifth month new moon, solar eclipse. Comet seen at Chen.23First year of Duke Qing of Jin (Qu Ji)12Four, fought with Wu.710963Year five: there was fire; they wished to exorcise it. Zi Chan said, "It would be better to cultivate virtue."4Two, fought with Chu.
5242118242135Eight, fire.Eleven, fire.Ten, fire.7Four, Duke Ping died.Six, fire.Five, Duke Gong died.3
52322Nineteen, earthquake.253146912118First year of Duke Dao of Cao (Wu)7First year of Duke Ping of Yan4
52223Twenty, Qi Duke Jing with Yan Ying hunted, entered Lu asked ritual.Twenty-six, hunted Lu borders, thereby entered Lu.415Year seven: Wu She and Wu Shang were executed; Crown Prince Jian fled to Song, and wuxu fled to Wu.Year ten: the duke was untrustworthy. He treacherously killed the various princes. The crown prince of Chu, Jian, fled here; seeing the disorder, he went to Zheng.1312Nine, Duke Ping died. Ling Hou grandson Dongguo killed Ping Hou son self-established.2Eight, Chu crown prince Jian fled here from Song.2Five, Wu Yuan fled here.
52124Twenty-one, duke went Jin river, Jin apologized, returned. Solar eclipse.27516Eight, Cai lord fled here.111413First year of Cai Dao Hou Dongguo, fled Chu.3936
52025Twenty-two, solar eclipse.28Six, Zhou court disorder, duke pacified disorder, established King Jing.179121514241047
519First year of King JingTwenty-three, earthquake.29718Ten, Wu attacked defeated us.1316Year fifteen: Wu defeated our army and took Hu and Shen.35Eleven, Chu Jian caused disorder, executed him.5Eight, Gong Zi Guang defeated Chu.
5182Twenty-four, dove nested.30819Eleven, Wu Bei Liang people disputed mulberry, attacked took Zhongli.141716First year of Cai Zhao Hou Shen, Dao Hou younger brother.6Twelve, duke went Jin, requested bring king.69
517jiashen3Twenty-five, duke wished execute Ji clan, three Huan clans attacked duke, duke went resided Yun.31920121518172713710
5164Twenty-six, Qi took our Yun to place duke.Year thirty-two: a comet appeared. Yan Ying said, "The Tian clan has won merit in Qi—they are to be feared."Ten, Zhi Li and Zhao Yang brought the king into Wang Cheng.21Year thirteen: they wished to install Zixi, but Zixi would not accept. A woman of Qin was installed as King Zhao.First year of Duke Jing of Song (Tou Man)19183814811
515527331122First year of King Zhao of Chu (Zhen), executed Wu Ji to please the multitude.2201949159Twelve, Gong Zi Guang made Zhuan Zhu assassinate Liao, self-established.
5146Twenty-eight, duke went to Jin, sought entry, Jin did not permit, placed him at Qian Hou.34Twelve, six ministers executed ducal clan, divided their fiefs. Each made their son a grandee.232321205First year of Duke Xiang of Cao1610First year of Wu He Lu
5137Year twenty-nine: the duke went from Qianhou to Yun. The lord of Qi said, "My lord." The duke was ashamed and returned to Qianhou.35132434222162First year of Duke Xian of Zheng (Chan)112
51283036Fourteen, Duke Qing died.25Four: three princes of Wu fled here, and they were enfeoffed to guard against Wu.5232273212Three, three princes fled to Chu.
5119Thirty-one, solar eclipse.37First year of Duke Ding of Jin (Wu)26Five, Wu attacked our Liu and Qian.6242384313Four, attacked Chu Liu and Qian.
510Ten, Jin made feudal lords build city for us.Thirty-two, duke died at Qian Hou.38Two, led feudal lords to build city for Zhou.276725249Five, Duke Ping's younger brother Tong assassinated Duke Xiang self-established.4145
50911First year of Duke Ding of Lu (Song), Duke Zhao's funeral arrived from Qian Hou.39328Seven, Nang Wa attacked Wu, defeated us at Yu Zhang. Cai lord came for audience.82625Ten, audience with Chu, detained because of fur coat.First year of Duke Yin of Cao515Six, Chu attacked us, counterattacked, defeated them, took Chu's Ju Chao.
508122404298927261126167
507jiawu13341530Nine, Cai Duke Zhao detained three years, obtained fur coat, therefore returned.102827Twelve, with Zi Chang fur coat, obtained return, went to Jin, requested to attack Chu.37178
506Fourteen, with Jin led feudal lords to invade Chu.442Six, Zhou with us led feudal lords to invade Chu.Thirty-one, Chu Bao Xu requested aid.Year ten: Wu and Cai attacked us, entered Ying, and King Zhao fled. Wu Zixu flogged King Ping's tomb.11Twenty-nine, contended with Cai for precedence.28Thirteen, contended with Wei for precedence. Chu invaded us, Wu with us attacked Chu, entered Ying.4818Nine, with Cai attacked Chu, entered Ying.
50515Five, Yang Hu seized Ji Huan Zi, made alliance with him, released him. Solar eclipse.43732Eleven, Qin rescue arrived, Wu withdrew, King Zhao re-entered.1230First year of Duke Huai of Chen (Liu)14First year of Duke Jing of Cao (Lu)91910
504Sixteen, because Zi Zhao's followers caused disorder, king fled to Jin.644833Twelve, Wu attacked our Fan, Chu feared, moved to Ru.13312152Ten, Lu invaded us.First year of Duke Jian of YanEleven, attacked Chu, took Fan.
503Seventeen, Liu Zi welcomed king, Jin entered king.Seven, Qi attacked us.Forty-five, invaded Wei. Attacked Lu.Nine, entered Zhou King Jing.341314Thirty-two, Qi invaded us.316311212
50218Eight, Yang Hu wished to attack three Huan, three Huan attacked Yang Hu, Hu fled Yang Pass.Forty-six, Lu attacked us. We attacked Lu.Ten, attacked Wei.35Fourteen, Zi Xi wept for people, people also wept, Cai Duke Zhao feared.15Thirty-three, Jin, Lu invaded attacked us.Four, duke went to Wu, Wu detained him, died in Wu.17Four, Duke Jing died.123Thirteen, Chen Duke Huai came, detained him, died in Wu.
50119Nine, attacked Yang Hu, Hu fled to Qi.Forty-seven, imprisoned Yang Hu, Hu fled to Jin.Eleven, Yang Hu fled here.Thirty-six, Duke Ai died.15Sixteen, Yang Hu fled here.34First year of Chen Duke Min (Yue)18First year of Cao Bo YangThirteen, Duke Xian died.414
50020Ten, duke assembled Qi lord at Jia Gu. Confucius assisted. Qi returned our territory.4812First year of Qin Duke Hui, comet appeared.1617352192First year of Duke Sheng of Zheng, Zheng increasingly weak.515
49921114913Two, gave birth to Zhao Gong, Huai Gong, Jian Gong.171836320Year three: a man of the state dreamed that many gentlemen stood at the altar of soil and plotted to destroy Cao; Zhen Duo asked to wait for Gongsun Qiang, and they agreed.2616
49822Twelve, Qi came returned female musicians, Ji Huan Zi accepted them, Confucius left.Fifty, sent female musicians to Lu.1431819Thirty-seven, attacked Cao.421Four, Wei attacked us.3717
497jiachen231351Year fifteen: Zhao Yang attacked Fan and Zhonghang.41920Thirty-eight, Confucius came, gave salary like in Lu.52254818
4962414521652021Thirty-nine, crown prince Kuai Kui fled.Six, Confucius came.23Year six: Gongsun Qiang loved archery; he presented a wild goose, and the ruler made him Minister of Works—the man of the dream was Zixing.Five, Zi Chan died.9Year nineteen: Helu attacked Yue, which defeated us and wounded his finger; he died from the wound.
49525Fifteen, Duke Ding died. Solar eclipse.53176Twenty-one, extinguished Hu. Because Wu defeated us, broke with them.Twenty-two, Zheng attacked us.407247Six, attacked Song.10First year of Wu King Fu Chai
49426First year of Duke Ai of Lu (Jiang)Fifty-four, attacked Jin.Eighteen, Zhao Yang besieged Fan and Zhonghang at Zhao Ge. Qi and Wei attacked us.7Twenty-two, led feudal lords to besiege Cai.23Forty-one, attacked Jin.Eight, Wu attacked us.Twenty-five, Chu attacked us, because of Wu resentment.8711Two, attacked Yue.
493272Year fifty-five: sent grain to the Fan and Zhonghang clans.Year nineteen: Zhao Yang besieged Fan and Zhonghang. Zheng came to their rescue, and we defeated them.82324Year forty-two: Duke Ling died. Kuai Kui's son Zhe was installed. Jin brought the crown prince Kuai Kui to Qi.9Year twenty-six: fearing Chu, they secretly summoned men of Wu and begged to move the capital to Zhoulai, which was near Wu.9Year eight: we rescued the Fan and Zhonghang clans, fought Zhao Yang at Tie, and were defeated.123
49228Three, earthquake.5620924Twenty-five, Confucius passed through Song, Huan Hui disliked him.First year of Wei Chu Gong (Zhe)1027Ten, Song attacked us.9First year of Duke Xian of Yan4
491294Fifty-seven, begged to rescue Fan clan.Twenty-one, Zhao Yang took Han Dan and Bo Ren, possessed them.Ten, Duke Hui died.2526211Twenty-eight, grandees together executed Duke Zhao.111025
490305Fifty-eight, Duke Jing died. Established favored consort's son as crown prince.Year twenty-two: Zhao Yang defeated Fan and Zhonghang. Zhonghang fled to Qi. He attacked Wei.First year of Duke Dao of Qin2627Three, Jin attacked us, because of rescuing Fan clan.12First year of Duke Cheng of Cai (Shuo)121136
489316First year of Qi Yan Ru Zi, Tian Qi falsely established Yang Sheng, killed Ru Zi.232Twenty-seven, rescued Chen, king died at Cheng Fu.Twenty-eight, attacked Cao.4Thirteen, Wu attacked us, Chu came to rescue.2Thirteen, Song attacked us.124Seven, attacked Chen.
48832Year seven: the duke met the king of Wu at Zeng. Wu demanded a hundred sets of sacrificial animals; Ji Kangzi sent Zigong to decline.First year of Duke Dao of Qi (Yang Sheng)Twenty-four, invaded Wei.3First year of King Hui of Chu (Zhang)Twenty-nine, invaded Zheng, besieged Cao.Five, Jin invaded us.143Fourteen, Song besieged us, Zheng rescued us.135Eight, Lu assembled with us at Zeng.
487jiayin33Year eight: Wu, for Zhu's sake, attacked us and reached below the walls; they made covenant and withdrew. Qi took three of our cities.Two, attacked Lu, took three towns.254Two, Zi Xi summoned Jian Zi Sheng from Wu, became Bai Gong.Thirty, Cao doubled us, we extinguished them.6154Fifteen, Song extinguished Cao, captured Bo Yang.146Nine, attacked Lu.
4863493265Three, attacked Chen, because of Chen and Wu alliance.Thirty-one, Zheng besieged us, defeated them at Yong Qiu.7Sixteen, doubled Chu, allied with Wu.5Fifteen, besieged Song, defeated our army at Yong Qiu, attacked us.710
48535Ten, with Wu attacked Qi.Year four: Wu and Lu attacked us. Baozi killed Duke Dao, and the people of Qi installed his son Ren as Duke Jian.Twenty-seven, sent Zhao Yang to attack Qi.6Four, attacked Chen.Thirty-two, attacked Zheng.Eight, Confucius came from Chen.176168Eleven, with Lu attacked Qi to rescue Chen. Executed Wu Yuan.
48436Eleven, Qi attacked us. Ran You spoke, therefore welcomed Confucius, Confucius returned.First year of Duke Jian of Qi, Lu with Wu defeated us.287533Nine, Confucius returned to Lu.187179Twelve, with Lu defeated Qi.
48337Twelve, with Wu assembled at Tao Gao. Used field tax.2298Six, Bai Gong Sheng repeatedly requested Zi Xi to attack Zheng, because of father's resentment.34Ten, duke went to Jin, with Wu assembled at Tao Gao.198Eighteen, Song attacked us.10Thirteen, with Lu assembled at Tao Gao.
48238Thirteen, with Wu assembled at Huang Chi.3Thirty, with Wu assembled at Huang Chi, contended for precedence.9Seven, attacked Chen.Thirty-five, Zheng defeated our army.11209Nineteen, defeated Song army.11Fourteen, with Jin assembled at Huang Chi.
48139Fourteen: on a western hunt, a unicorn was captured. Duke Chu of Wei fled here.Year four: Tian Chang killed Duke Jian and installed his younger brother Ao as Duke Ping; Chang served as chancellor and monopolized state power.3110836Twelve, father Kuai Kui entered, Zhe fled.2110201215
48040Fifteen, Zi Fu Jing Bo sent to Qi, Zi Gong as intermediary, Qi returned our invaded territory.First year of Duke Ping of Qi (Ao), Duke Jing's grandson. Qi from this called Tian clan.32119Year thirty-seven: Mars occupied the Heart asterism. Zi Wei said, "Good."First year of Duke Zhuang of Wei (Kuai Kui)2211211316
47941Sixteen, Confucius died.23312Year ten: Duke Sheng of Bai killed Chief Minister Zixi and attacked King Hui. Duke Ye of Ye attacked Duke Sheng; Duke Sheng killed himself, and King Hui restored the state.382Twenty-three, Chu extinguished Chen, assassinated Duke Min.12221417
4784217334131139Year three: Duke Zhuang insulted the people of Rongzhou; the people of Rongzhou, with Zhao Jianzi, attacked Duke Zhuang, who fled.132315Eighteen, Yue defeated us.
477jiaziForty-three, King Jing died.Eighteen, died at twenty-seven.Four, died at twenty-five.Thirty-five, died at thirty-seven.Fourteen, died, son Duke Li Gong established.Twelve, died at fifty-seven.Forty-six, died at fourteen.First year of Wei Jun Qi, Shi Fu drove Qi out, Zhe re-entered.Fourteen, died at nineteen.Twenty-four, died at thirty-eight.Sixteen, died at twenty-eight.Nineteen, died at twenty-three.
368
The Grand Historian says: Confucian scholars cut the text into isolated meanings; itinerant polemicists unleash their rhetoric; and neither strives to grasp events from beginning to end. Calendar keepers focus on years and months, several schools exalt divine destiny, while genealogical records and secret accounts merely note posthumous names—their language is brief, but grasping the essentials comprehensively proves difficult. Therefore, I have created chronological tables for the twelve feudal lords, from the Gonghe administration until Confucius, making clear in tabular form the major outlines of rise and decline as criticized by scholars of the Spring and Autumn Annals and Discourses of the States, written in this chapter as an essential summary for those studying and interpreting ancient texts.

Footnotes

  1. Translator's note: This column does not appear in Sima Qian's original text. It is added here for convenience.
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