1
太公望呂尚者，東海上人。 其先祖嘗為四嶽，佐禹平水土甚有功。 虞夏之際封於呂，或封於申，姓姜氏。 夏商之時，申、呂或封枝庶子孫，或為庶人，尚其後苗裔也。 本姓姜氏，從其封姓，故曰呂尚。
Tai Gong Wang Lü Shang was a man from the Eastern Sea. His ancestors had once served as the Four Mountains, assisting Yu in pacifying the waters and earth with great merit. In the time of Yu and Xia, they were enfeoffed at Lü or at Shen, and the clan name was Jiang. During Xia and Shang, the Shen and Lü lines either remained enfeoffed as branch descendants or became commoners; Lü Shang was one of their later descendants. His original surname was Jiang, but he took the surname of his enfeoffment, and so he was called Lü Shang.
2
呂尚蓋嘗窮困，年老矣，以漁釣奸周西伯。 西伯將出獵，卜之，曰「所獲非龍非彨非虎非羆； 所獲霸王之輔」。 於是周西伯獵，果遇太公於渭之陽，與語大說，曰：「自吾先君太公曰『當有聖人適周，周以興』。 子真是邪？ 吾太公望子久矣。」 故號之曰「太公望」，載與俱歸，立為師。
Lü Shang had once been poor and destitute, and by then he was already old. He used fishing and angling as a way to approach the Western Earl of Zhou. The Western Earl was about to go hunting and divined the matter, saying: “What will be obtained is not a dragon, not a boar, not a tiger, not a bear; What will be obtained is an aid to a hegemon and king.” Therefore, when the Western Earl of Zhou went hunting, he indeed met Tai Gong on the north bank of the Wei. They spoke and were greatly pleased, and he said: “My late ancestor, Tai Gong, said that a sage would come to Zhou, and Zhou would thereby rise. Are you truly that one? Our Tai Gong has long awaited you.” So he called him “Tai Gong Wang,” loaded him into his carriage, returned with him, and made him his teacher.
3
或曰，太公博聞，嘗事紂。 紂無道，去之。 游說諸侯，無所遇，而卒西歸周西伯。 或曰，呂尚處士，隱海濱。 周西伯拘羑里，散宜生、閎夭素知而招呂尚。 呂尚亦曰「吾聞西伯賢，又善養老，盍往焉」。 三人者為西伯求美女奇物，獻之於紂，以贖西伯。 西伯得以出，反國。 言呂尚所以事周雖異，然要之為文武師。
Some say that Tai Gong was widely learned and had once served King Zhou. King Zhou had no virtue, so he left him. He traveled among the feudal lords but met no patron, and finally returned west to the Western Earl of Zhou. Others say that Lü Shang was a recluse who lived by the seacoast. When the Western Earl of Zhou was imprisoned at Youli, San Yisheng and Hong Yao, who had long known him, recruited Lü Shang. Lü Shang said: “I have heard that the Western Earl is worthy and also good at caring for the old. Why not go there?” The three men sought beautiful women and rare objects for the Western Earl and presented them to King Zhou, thereby redeeming him. The Western Earl was then able to leave and return to his state. However, Lü Shang came to serve Zhou may have differed, but in the end he was the teacher of Wen and Wu.
4
周西伯昌之脫羑里歸，與呂尚陰謀修德以傾商政，其事多兵權與奇計，故後世之言兵及周之陰權皆宗太公為本謀。 周西伯政平，及斷虞芮之訟，而詩人稱西伯受命曰文王。 伐崇、密須、犬夷，大作豐邑。 天下三分，其二歸周者，太公之謀計居多。
When the Western Earl of Zhou, Jichang, escaped from Youli, he and Lü Shang secretly planned to cultivate virtue and overturn Shang rule. Much of the matter involved military power and extraordinary stratagems, so later generations who spoke of war and Zhou’s hidden authority took Tai Gong as their root model. The Western Earl ruled justly; after deciding the dispute of Yu and Rui, the poets praised him as King Wen. He attacked Chong, Mishu, and Quanrong, and greatly expanded Feng. When the world was divided into three, and two parts belonged to Zhou, Tai Gong’s plans were largely responsible.
5
文王崩，武王即位。 九年，欲修文王業，東伐以觀諸侯集否。 師行，師尚父左杖黃鉞，右把白旄以誓，曰：「蒼兕蒼兕，總爾眾庶，與爾舟楫，後至者斬！」 遂至盟津。 諸侯不期而會者八百諸侯。 諸侯皆曰：「紂可伐也。」 武王曰：「未可。」 還師，與太公作此太誓。
When King Wen died, King Wu succeeded. In the ninth year, he wanted to continue King Wen’s work and attacked eastward to see whether the feudal lords would gather. As the army set out, Master Shangfu held the yellow axe in his left hand and the white yak-tail banner in his right, and proclaimed: “Blue rhinoceroses, blue rhinoceroses, marshal all your multitudes and your boats and oars. Those who arrive late will be beheaded!” They then reached Mengjin. Eight hundred feudal lords gathered without prior appointment. They all said, “King Zhou can be attacked.” King Wu said, “Not yet.” He withdrew the army and, with Tai Gong, composed the Great Oath.
6
居二年，紂殺王子比干，囚箕子。 武王將伐紂，卜龜兆，不吉，風雨暴至。 群公盡懼，唯太公彊之勸武王，武王於是遂行。 十一年正月甲子，誓於牧野，伐商紂。 紂師敗績。 紂反走，登鹿臺，遂追斬紂。 明日，武王立于社，群公奉明水，衛康叔封布采席，師尚父牽牲，史佚策祝，以告神討紂之罪。 散鹿臺之錢，發鉅橋之粟，以振貧民。 封比干墓，釋箕子囚。 遷九鼎，修周政，與天下更始。 師尚父謀居多。
Two years later, King Zhou killed the royal son Bigan and imprisoned Jizi. When King Wu was about to attack Zhou, he divined with tortoise shells, but the omen was unfavorable, and violent wind and rain arose. The lords were all afraid, but Tai Gong alone strongly urged King Wu on, and so King Wu went forth. On the jiazi day of the first month in the eleventh year, he swore the oath at Muye and attacked King Zhou of Shang. King Zhou’s army was utterly defeated. King Zhou fled back and climbed the Deer Terrace, and was then pursued and beheaded. The next day, King Wu stood at the altar of the soil, while the lords presented clear water, Kangshu Feng of Wei spread out mats, Master Shangfu led the sacrificial animal, and Scribe Yi wrote the sacrificial prayer to announce King Zhou’s crimes to the spirits. He scattered the money from the Deer Terrace and released the grain from Jiqiao to relieve the poor. He sealed Bigan’s tomb and released Jizi from prison. He moved the Nine Tripods, repaired the Zhou government, and began anew with the world. Master Shangfu was responsible for much of the strategy.
7
於是武王已平商而王天下，封師尚父於齊營丘。 東就國，道宿行遲。 逆旅之人曰：「吾聞時難得而易失。 客寢甚安，殆非就國者也。」 太公聞之，夜衣而行，犁明至國。 萊侯來伐，與之爭營丘。 營丘邊萊。 萊人，夷也，會紂之亂而周初定，未能集遠方，是以與太公爭國。
After King Wu had pacified Shang and ruled the world, he enfeoffed Master Shangfu at Yingqiu in Qi. He traveled east to his fief, lodging along the way and moving slowly. The innkeeper said: “I have heard that opportunities are hard to catch and easy to lose. You sleep very peacefully; you do not look like a man on his way to his fief.” Tai Gong heard this, rose in the night, and by dawn had reached his state. The Lord of Lai came to attack and contested Yingqiu with him. Yingqiu lay on the border with Lai. The people of Lai were barbarians, and because the chaos under King Zhou had only just been settled, the far regions had not yet been brought into order, so they disputed Tai Gong’s claim to the state.
8
太公至國，修政，因其俗，簡其禮，通商工之業，便魚鹽之利，而人民多歸齊，齊為大國。 及周成王少時，管蔡作亂，淮夷畔周，乃使召康公命太公曰：「東至海，西至河，南至穆陵，北至無棣，五侯九伯，實得征之。」 齊由此得征伐，為大國。 都營丘。
Once Tai Gong arrived, he governed well, adapted to local custom, simplified ritual, promoted trade and craft, and made use of fish and salt. The people of Qi therefore gathered to him in large numbers, and Qi became a great power. When King Cheng of Zhou was still young, Guan and Cai rebelled and the Huai Yi broke away. Zhou then sent Duke Kang of Shao to command Tai Gong, saying: “From the east to the sea, from the west to the Yellow River, from the south to Muling, and from the north to Wudi, you may campaign against any of the five marquises and nine barons who deserve it.” From this, Qi gained the right of punitive expedition and became a great power. Its capital was Yingqiu.
9
蓋太公之卒百有餘年，子丁公呂伋立。 丁公卒，子乙公得立。 乙公卒，子癸公慈母立。 癸公卒，子哀公不辰立。
Tai Gong died more than a hundred years later, and his son Duke Ding, Lü Ji, succeeded him. After Duke Ding died, his son Duke Yi succeeded. After Duke Yi died, his son Duke Gui, Cimu, succeeded. After Duke Gui died, his son Duke Ai, Buchen, succeeded.
10
哀公時，紀侯譖之周，周烹哀公而立其弟靜，是為胡公。 胡公徙都薄泵，而當周夷王之時。
In Duke Ai’s time, Lord Ji slandered him to Zhou. Zhou had Duke Ai boiled to death and installed his younger brother Jing, who became Duke Hu. Duke Hu moved the capital to Bohai, during the reign of King Yi of Zhou.
11
哀公之同母少弟山怨胡公，乃與其黨率營丘人襲攻殺胡公而自立，是為獻公。 獻公元年，盡逐胡公子，因徙薄泵都，治臨菑。
Ai’s younger full brother Shan resented Duke Hu, so he and his faction led the people of Yingqiu in a surprise attack that killed Duke Hu and established Shan himself as Duke Xian. In the first year of Duke Xian, he drove out all the sons of Duke Hu and then moved the capital to Bohai and governed from Linzi.
12
九年，獻公卒，子武公壽立。 武公九年，周厲王出奔，居彘。 十年，王室亂，大臣行政，號曰「共和」。 二十四年，周宣王初立。
In the ninth year Duke Xian died, and his son Duke Wu, Shou, succeeded. In the ninth year of Duke Wu, King Li of Zhou fled and lived in Zhi. In the tenth year, when the royal house was in disorder, the ministers exercised power and called it “Gonghe.” In the twenty-fourth year, King Xuan of Zhou first ascended the throne.
13
二十六年，武公卒，子厲公無忌立。 厲公暴虐，故胡公子復入齊，齊人欲立之，乃與攻殺厲公。 胡公子亦戰死。 齊人乃立厲公子赤為君，是為文公，而誅殺厲公者七十人。
In the twenty-sixth year, Duke Wu died, and his son Duke Li, Wuxi, succeeded. Duke Li was cruel and tyrannical, so the sons of Duke Hu re-entered Qi. The people of Qi wanted to install one of them, and together they attacked and killed Duke Li. The son of Duke Hu also died in battle. The people of Qi then installed Duke Li’s son Chi as lord, making him Duke Wen, and killed seventy men involved in Duke Li’s death.
14
文公十二年卒，子成公脫立。 成公九年卒，子莊公購立。
Twelve years later, Duke Wen died and his son Duke Cheng, Tuo, succeeded. Nine years later, Duke Cheng died and his son Duke Zhuang, Gou, succeeded.
15
莊公二十四年，犬戎殺幽王，周東徙雒。 秦始列為諸侯。 五十六年，晉弒其君昭侯。
In the twenty-fourth year of Duke Zhuang, the Quanrong killed King You, and Zhou moved east to Luo. Qin was first enfeoffed as a feudal state. In the fifty-sixth year, the state of Jin assassinated its lord, Duke Zhao.
16
六十四年，莊公卒，子釐公祿甫立。
In the sixty-fourth year, Duke Zhuang died and his son Duke Xi, Lüfu, succeeded.
17
釐公九年，魯隱公初立。 十九年，魯桓公弒其兄隱公而自立為君。
In the ninth year of Duke Xi, Duke Yin of Lu first came to the throne. In the nineteenth year, Duke Huan of Lu assassinated his elder brother Duke Yin and made himself lord.
18
二十五年，北戎伐齊。 鄭使太子忽來救齊，齊欲妻之。 忽曰：「鄭小齊大，非我敵。」 遂辭之。
In the twenty-fifth year, the northern Rong attacked Qi. Zheng sent the crown prince Hu to rescue Qi, and Qi wanted to marry him to a woman. Hu said: “Zheng is small and Qi is large. I am no match for it.” So he declined.
19
三十二年，釐公同母弟夷仲年死。 其子曰公孫無知，釐公愛之，令其秩服奉養比太子。
In the thirty-second year, Duke Xi’s younger full brother Yizhongnian died. His son was called Gongsun Wuzhi. Duke Xi favored him and ordered that his rank, clothing, and support be equal to those of the crown prince.
20
三十三年，釐公卒，太子諸兒立，是為襄公。
In the thirty-third year, Duke Xi died and the crown prince Zhu’er succeeded; this was Duke Xiang.
21
襄公元年，始為太子時，嘗與無知鬬，及立，絀無知秩服，無知怨。
In the first year of Duke Xiang, when he had first been crown prince, he once fought with Wuzhi. After he came to the throne, he reduced Wuzhi’s rank and clothing, and Wuzhi resented it.
22
四年，魯桓公與夫人如齊。 齊襄公故嘗私通魯夫人。 魯夫人者，襄公女弟也，自釐公時嫁為魯桓公婦，及桓公來而襄公復通焉。 魯桓公知之，怒夫人，夫人以告齊襄公。 齊襄公與魯君飲，醉之，使力士彭生抱上魯君車，因拉殺魯桓公，桓公下車則死矣。 魯人以為讓，而齊襄公殺彭生以謝魯。
In the fourth year, Duke Huan of Lu came to Qi with his wife. Duke Xiang of Qi had once secretly been intimate with the wife of the Duke of Lu. The lady of Lu was Duke Xiang’s younger sister. She had been married to Duke Huan of Lu during Duke Xi’s reign, and when Duke Huan came, Duke Xiang again became intimate with her. Duke Huan of Lu learned of it and was angry with his wife. She told Duke Xiang of Qi. Duke Xiang of Qi drank with the Duke of Lu, intoxicated him, and had the strongman Peng Sheng carry the Duke of Lu onto the carriage. Peng Sheng then twisted and killed Duke Huan of Lu; by the time the duke fell from the carriage, he was already dead. The people of Lu thought this was rude, and Duke Xiang of Qi killed Peng Sheng to apologize to Lu.
23
八年，伐紀，紀遷去其邑。
In the eighth year, he attacked Ji, and the people of Ji moved away from their city.
24
十二年，初，襄公使連稱、管至父戍葵丘，瓜時而往，及瓜而代。 往戍一歲，卒瓜時而公弗為發代。 或為請代，公弗許。 故此二人怒，因公孫無知謀作亂。 連稱有從妹在公宮，無寵，使之閒襄公，曰「事成以女為無知夫人」。 冬十二月，襄公游姑棼，遂獵沛丘。 見彘，從者曰「彭生」。 公怒，射之，彘人立而啼。 公懼，墜車傷足，失屨。 反而鞭主屨者茀三百。 茀出宮。 而無知、連稱、管至父等聞公傷，乃遂率其眾襲宮。 逢主屨茀，茀曰：「且無入驚宮，驚宮未易入也。」 無知弗信，茀示之創，乃信之。 待宮外，令茀先入。 茀先入，即匿襄公戶閒。 良久，無知等恐，遂入宮。 茀反與宮中及公之幸臣攻無知等，不勝，皆死。 無知入宮，求公不得。 或見人足於戶閒，發視，乃襄公，遂弒之，而無知自立為齊君。
In the twelfth year, at first Duke Xiang sent Lian Cheng and Guan Zifu to garrison Kuiqiu. They were to go when the gourds ripened and be replaced when the next crop came in. They had garrisoned for a year, but when the time came for the gourds, the duke still did not send replacements. Some petitioned for replacement, but the duke did not allow it. So the two men became angry and planned a rebellion with Gongsun Wuzhi. Lian Cheng had a female cousin in the palace who was out of favor, so he used her to spy on Duke Xiang and said: “If the affair succeeds, I will give you to Wuzhi as his wife.” On the twelfth month of winter, Duke Xiang traveled to Gufen and then hunted at Peiqiu. He saw a boar. The attendants said, “That is Peng Sheng.” The duke was angered and shot at it, but the boar stood upright like a person and screamed. The duke was frightened, fell from the carriage, and hurt his foot, losing his shoe. On returning, he had the shoe-keeper Fu flogged three hundred times. Fu left the palace. When Wuzhi, Lian Cheng, Guan Zifu, and the others heard that the duke had been hurt, they at once led their men to attack the palace. Meeting Fu outside the palace, Fu said: “Do not rush into the palace in alarm. Once the palace is alarmed, it will not be easy to enter.” Wuzhi did not believe him, but Fu showed him the wound, and then he believed. They waited outside the palace gate, and Fu entered first. Fu went in first and immediately hid Duke Xiang between the door panels. After a long while, Wuzhi and the others became afraid and then entered the palace. Fu then joined the palace attendants and the duke’s favored retainers in attacking Wuzhi and the others, but they were defeated and all died. Wuzhi entered the palace but could not find the duke. Someone saw a pair of feet between the doors, looked inside, and found Duke Xiang. They then assassinated him, and Wuzhi established himself as lord of Qi.
25
桓公元年春，齊君無知游於雍林。 雍林人嘗有怨無知，及其往游，雍林人襲殺無知，告齊大夫曰：「無知弒襄公自立，臣謹行誅。 唯大夫更立公子之當立者，唯命是聽。」
In the first year of Duke Huan, Lord Wuzhi of Qi was traveling in Yonglin. The people of Yonglin had once resented Wuzhi, and when he went there, they attacked and killed him. They told the Qi ministers: “Wuzhi assassinated Duke Xiang and made himself ruler, and I have now carried out punishment. Now the ministers should establish the proper son of the duke. I will listen to whatever is commanded.”
26
初，襄公之醉殺魯桓公，通其夫人，殺誅數不當，淫於婦人，數欺大臣，群弟恐禍及，故次弟糾奔魯。 其母魯女也。 管仲、召忽傅之。 次弟小白奔莒，鮑叔傅之。 小白母，衛女也，有寵於釐公。 小白自少好善大夫高傒。 及雍林人殺無知，議立君，高、國先陰召小白於莒。 魯聞無知死，亦發兵送公子糾，而使管仲別將兵遮莒道，射中小白帶鉤。 小白詳死，管仲使人馳報魯。 魯送糾者行益遲，六日至齊，則小白已入，高傒立之，是為桓公。
Earlier, when Duke Xiang drunkenly killed Duke Huan of Lu, had relations with his wife, and carried out killings that were not in keeping with duty, while indulging in women and repeatedly deceiving his ministers, his younger brothers feared that disaster would reach them, so his younger brother Jiu fled to Lu. His mother was a woman from Lu. Guan Zhong and Zhao Hu tutored him. The second younger brother Xiaobai fled to Ju, and Bao Shu tutored him. Xiaobai's mother was a woman from Wei and had favor with Duke Xi. Xiaobai from a young age was good at befriending the grand master Gao Xi. And when the people of Yonglin killed Wuzhi and discussed establishing a lord, Gao and Guo first secretly summoned Xiaobai from Ju. Lu heard that Wuzhi was dead and also sent troops to escort the duke's son Jiu. They made Guan Zhong separately lead troops to block the road to Ju and shot Xiaobai's belt hook. Xiaobai pretended to be dead, and Guan Zhong sent a person to gallop and report to Lu. The persons Lu sent with Jiu went even more slowly. After six days they arrived at Qi, but Xiaobai had already entered. Gao Xi established him, and this was Duke Huan.
27
桓公之中鉤，詳死以誤管仲，已而載溫車中馳行，亦有高、國內應，故得先入立，發兵距魯。 秋，與魯戰于乾時，魯兵敗走，齊兵掩絕魯歸道。 齊遺魯書曰：「子糾兄弟，弗忍誅，請魯自殺之。 召忽、管仲讎也，請得而甘心醢之。 不然，將圍魯。」 魯人患之，遂殺子糾于笙瀆。 召忽自殺，管仲請囚。 桓公之立，發兵攻魯，心欲殺管仲。 鮑叔牙曰：「臣幸得從君，君竟以立。 君之尊，臣無以增君。 君將治齊，即高傒與叔牙足也。 君且欲霸王，非管夷吾不可。 夷吾所居國國重，不可失也。」 於是桓公從之。 乃詳為召管仲欲甘心，實欲用之。 管仲知之，故請往。 鮑叔牙迎受管仲，及堂阜而脫桎梏，齋祓而見桓公。 桓公厚禮以為大夫，任政。
Duke Huan was struck by the hook and pretended to be dead to mislead Guan Zhong. He was then loaded into a covered carriage and galloped off; Gao and Guo also gave him support from within, so he was able to enter first and be established, and he sent troops to resist Lu. In autumn, they battled with Lu at Ganshi. The Lu troops were defeated and fled, and the Qi troops ambushed and cut off Lu's return road. Qi sent a letter to Lu, saying: “Prince Jiu is my brother. I cannot bear to execute him; please let Lu kill him. Zhao Hu and Guan Zhong are my enemies. Please hand them over so that I may have them minced to satisfy my heart. If not so, I will surround Lu.” The people of Lu, fearing attack, then killed Prince Jiu at Shengdu. Zhao Hu committed suicide, and Guan Zhong requested imprisonment. When Duke Huan was established, he sent troops to attack the state of Lu, and in his heart he wanted to kill Guan Zhong. Bao Shuya said: 'I, your minister, was fortunate to follow you, my lord, and you were finally established as the lord. You, my lord, are honored, and I, your minister, have nothing with which to increase you, my lord. If you, my lord, are about to govern Qi, then Gao Xi and Shuya are sufficient. If my lord also wishes to become hegemon and king, this cannot be done without Guan Yiwu. Wherever Yiwu resides, the states become heavy. He cannot be lost.' Therefore, Duke Huan followed it. Then he pretended to summon Guan Zhong wanting to satisfy his heart, but actually wanted to use him. Guan Zhong knew it, and therefore requested to go. Bao Shuya welcomed and received Guan Zhong, and at the place of Tangfu they then removed his fetters. He purified himself and saw Duke Huan. Duke Huan thickly gifted him and made him a grand master, and entrusted him with the government.
28
桓公既得管仲，與鮑叔、隰朋、高傒修齊國政，連五家之兵，設輕重魚鹽之利，以贍貧窮，祿賢能，齊人皆說。
Duke Huan had already gotten Guan Zhong, and together with Bao Shu, Xi Peng, and Gao Xi, he repaired the government of the state of Qi. He connected the troops of the five families, set the profits of light and heavy, fish and salt, to relieve the poor, and gave salary to the worthy and able. The people of Qi were all pleased.
29
二年，伐滅郯，郯子奔莒。 初，桓公亡時，過郯，郯無禮，故伐之。
In the second year, they attacked and extinguished Tan, and the lord of Tan fled to Ju. Initially, when Duke Huan was fleeing, he passed the state of Tan, and Tan was without courtesy. Therefore, he attacked it.
30
五年，伐魯，魯將師敗。 魯莊公請獻遂邑以平，桓公許，與魯會柯而盟。 魯將盟，曹沬以匕首劫桓公於壇上，曰：「反魯之侵地！」 桓公許之。 已而曹沬去匕首，北面就臣位。 桓公後悔，欲無與魯地而殺曹沬。 管仲曰：「夫劫許之而倍信殺之，愈一小快耳，而棄信於諸侯，失天下之援，不可。」 於是遂與曹沬三敗所亡地於魯。 諸侯聞之，皆信齊而欲附焉。 七年，諸侯會桓公於甄，而桓公於是始霸焉。
In the fifth year, they attacked Lu, and the Lu general and army were defeated. Duke Zhuang of Lu requested to offer the city of Sui to pacify. Duke Huan permitted it, and together with Lu, they met at Ke and made an alliance. When Lu was about to make the alliance, Cao Mo used a dagger to hijack Duke Huan on the altar and said: 'Return the invaded land of Lu!' Duke Huan permitted it. Then Cao Mo put away the dagger, faced north, and took the minister's position. Duke Huan regretted it and wanted not to give Lu the land and to kill Cao Mo. Guan Zhong said: 'To be hijacked and permit it, and then double the faith and kill him, is only one small pleasure. But to abandon faith among the feudal lords and lose the support of the world, this cannot be.' Therefore, they then gave Cao Mo the land lost in three defeats to Lu. The feudal lords heard of it, and all trusted Qi and wanted to attach themselves to it. In the seventh year, the feudal lords met Duke Huan at Zhen, and Duke Huan therefore began his hegemony.
31
十四年，陳厲公子完，號敬仲，來奔齊。 齊桓公欲以為卿，讓； 於是以為工正。 田成子常之祖也。
In the fourteenth year, the son of Duke Li of Chen, Wan, styled Jing Zhong, fled to Qi. Duke Huan of Qi wanted to make him a minister, but he declined. Therefore, they made him the artisan chief. He was the ancestor of Tian Chengzi Chang.
32
二十三年，山戎伐燕，燕告急於齊。 齊桓公救燕，遂伐山戎，至于孤竹而還。 燕莊公遂送桓公入齊境。 桓公曰：「非天子，諸侯相送不出境，吾不可以無禮於燕。」 於是分溝割燕君所至與燕，命燕君復修召公之政，納貢于周，如成康之時。 諸侯聞之，皆從齊。
In the twenty-third year, the Shan Rong attacked Yan, and Yan urgently reported to Qi. Duke Huan of Qi saved Yan, then attacked the Shan Rong, arrived at Guzhu, and returned. Duke Zhuang of Yan then sent Duke Huan into Qi territory. Duke Huan said: 'It is not the Son of Heaven. When feudal lords send each other off, they do not exit the territory. I cannot be without courtesy to Yan.' Therefore, he divided the ditch and cut the place where the lord of Yan had arrived and gave it to Yan. He commanded the lord of Yan to again repair the government of Duke Zhao, submit tribute to Zhou, as in the time of Cheng and Kang. The feudal lords heard of it, and all followed Qi.
33
二十七年，魯湣公母曰哀姜，桓公女弟也。 哀姜淫於魯公子慶父，慶父弒湣公，哀姜欲立慶父，魯人更立釐公。 桓公召哀姜，殺之。
In the twenty-seventh year, the mother of Duke Min of Lu was called Ai Jiang, and she was Duke Huan's younger sister. Ai Jiang was licentious with Qing Fu, the duke's son of Lu. Qing Fu assassinated Duke Min, and Ai Jiang wanted to establish Qing Fu, but the people of Lu instead established Duke Xi. Duke Huan summoned Ai Jiang and killed her.
34
二十八年，衛文公有狄亂，告急於齊。 齊率諸侯城楚丘而立衛君。
In the twenty-eighth year, Duke Wen of Wei had Di chaos and urgently reported to Qi. Qi led the feudal lords to wall Chuqiu and established the lord of Wei.
35
二十九年，桓公與夫人蔡姬戲船中。 蔡姬習水，蕩公，公懼，止之，不止，出船，怒，歸蔡姬，弗絕。 蔡亦怒，嫁其女。 桓公聞而怒，興師往伐。
In the twenty-ninth year, Duke Huan played in a boat with his consort Cai Ji. Cai Ji was accustomed to water and rocked the duke. The duke was afraid and stopped her, but she did not stop. He exited the boat, was angered, returned Cai Ji, but did not divorce her. Cai was also angered and married off his daughter. Duke Huan heard of it and was angered, raised troops, and went to attack.
36
三十年春，齊桓公率諸侯伐蔡，蔡潰。 遂伐楚。 楚成王興師問曰：「何故涉吾地？」 管仲對曰：「昔召康公命我先君太公曰：『五侯九伯，若實征之，以夾輔周室。』 賜我先君履，東至海，西至河，南至穆陵，北至無棣。 楚貢包茅不入，王祭不具，是以來責。 昭王南征不復，是以來問。」 楚王曰：「貢之不入，有之，寡人罪也，敢不共乎！ 昭王之出不復，君其問之水濱。」 齊師進次于陘。 夏，楚王使屈完將兵捍齊，齊師退次召陵。 桓公矜屈完以其眾。 屈完曰：「君以道則可； 若不，則楚方城以為城，江、漢以為溝，君安能進乎？」 乃與屈完盟而去。 過陳，陳袁濤涂詐齊，令出東方，覺。 秋，齊伐陳。 是歲，晉殺太子申生。
In the spring of the thirtieth year, Duke Huan of Qi led the feudal lords to attack Cai, and Cai collapsed. Then they attacked Chu. King Cheng of Chu raised troops and asked: “Why do you cross into our territory?” Guan Zhong replied and said: 'Formerly, Duke Kang of Zhao commanded my late lord Tai Gong and said: "The five marquises and nine earls, if you truly campaign against them, it is to flank and assist the house of Zhou. He granted our former lord a charter: from the east to the sea, from the west to the river, from the south to Muling, and from the north to Wudi. Chu has not sent its tribute of wrapped thatch, and the king's sacrifices are therefore incomplete. That is why we have come to hold you accountable. King Zhao campaigned south and did not return. Therefore, I have come to ask.' The king of Chu said: 'That the tribute has not entered, this is so. It is my crime. How dare I not provide it! That King Zhao went out and did not return, you, my lord, should ask at the water's shore.' The Qi troops advanced and camped at Xing. In summer, the king of Chu sent Qu Wan to lead troops and defend against Qi. The Qi troops retreated and camped at Zhaoling. Duke Huan displayed his army before Qu Wan. Qu Wan said: 'If you, my lord, act with the Way, then it is possible; If not, then Chu will use Fangcheng as its wall and the Jiang and Han as its moat. How can you, my lord, advance?' Then they made an alliance with Qu Wan and left. They passed Chen, and Yuan Taotu of Chen deceived Qi, ordering them to exit to the east. They discovered it. In autumn, Qi attacked Chen. In this year, Jin killed the crown prince Shen Sheng.
37
三十五年夏，會諸侯于葵丘。 周襄王使宰孔賜桓公文武胙、彤弓矢、大路，命無拜。 桓公欲許之，管仲曰「不可」，乃下拜受賜。 秋，復會諸侯於葵丘，益有驕色。 周使宰孔會。 諸侯頗有叛者。 晉侯病，後，遇宰孔。 宰孔曰：「齊侯驕矣，弟無行。」 從之。 是歲，晉獻公卒，裏克殺奚齊、卓子，秦穆公以夫人入公子夷吾為晉君。 桓公於是討晉亂，至高梁，使隰朋立晉君，還。
In the summer of the thirty-fifth year, they met the feudal lords at Kuiqiu. King Xiang of Zhou sent Prime Minister Kong to grant Duke Huan the thigh meat of Wen and Wu, red bow and arrows, and a grand chariot, and commanded that he need not bow. Duke Huan wanted to permit it, but Guan Zhong said 'It cannot be.' Then he descended and bowed and received the grant. In autumn, they again met the feudal lords at Kuiqiu, and he grew still more arrogant. Zhou sent Prime Minister Kong to the meeting. Several of the feudal lords had rebelled. The Marquis of Jin was ill and came later. He met Prime Minister Kong. Prime Minister Kong said: 'The Marquis of Qi is already arrogant. Younger brother, do not go.' He followed it. In this year, Duke Xian of Jin died. Li Ke killed Xi Qi and Zhuo Zi. Duke Mu of Qin, with his consort, brought the duke's son Yiwu and entered him as the lord of Jin. Duke Huan therefore punished the chaos of Jin, arrived at Gaoliang, made Xi Peng establish the lord of Jin, and returned.
38
是時周室微，唯齊、楚、秦、晉為彊。 晉初與會，獻公死，國內亂。 秦穆公辟遠，不與中國會盟。 楚成王初收荊蠻有之，夷狄自置。 唯獨齊為中國會盟，而桓公能宣其德，故諸侯賓會。 於是桓公稱曰：「寡人南伐至召陵，望熊山； 北伐山戎、離枝、孤竹； 西伐大夏，涉流沙； 束馬懸車登太行，至卑耳山而還。 諸侯莫違寡人。 寡人兵車之會三，乘車之會六，九合諸侯，一匡天下。 昔三代受命，有何以異於此乎？ 吾欲封泰山，禪梁父。」 管仲固諫，不聽； 乃說桓公以遠方珍怪物至乃得封，桓公乃止。
At this time, the house of Zhou was weak, and only Qi, Chu, Qin, and Jin were strong. Jin initially met with them, but Duke Xian died, and the state was chaotic inside. Duke Mu of Qin avoided the distant and did not meet and ally with the central states. King Cheng of Chu initially gathered the Jing Man and had them. The Yi and Di established themselves. Only Qi alone met and allied for the central states, and Duke Huan was able to proclaim his virtue. Therefore, the feudal lords met as guests. Therefore, Duke Huan called and said: 'I attacked to the south and arrived at Zhaoling, and gazed at Mount Xiongshan; I attacked north against the Shan Rong, Lizhi, and Guzhu; I attacked west against Daxia and waded through flowing sand; I bound horses and hung chariots, ascended Taihang, arrived at Bei'er Shan, and returned. None of the feudal lords violated me. I had three meetings with war chariots and six meetings with riding chariots. I united the feudal lords nine times and once corrected the world. The former three dynasties received the mandate. What was different from this? I want to seal Taishan and perform the zen at Liangfu.' Guan Zhong firmly advised, but he did not listen. Then he persuaded Duke Huan that only when rare and strange things from the distant regions arrived would he be able to perform the sealing ceremony. Duke Huan then stopped.
39
三十八年，周襄王弟帶與戎、翟合謀伐周，齊使管仲平戎於周。 周欲以上卿禮管仲，管仲頓首曰：「臣陪臣，安敢！」 三讓，乃受下卿禮以見。 三十九年，周襄王弟帶來奔齊。 齊使仲孫請王，為帶謝。 襄王怒，弗聽。
In the thirty-eighth year, the younger brother of King Xiang of Zhou, Dai, jointly plotted with the Rong and Di to attack Zhou. Qi sent Guan Zhong to pacify the Rong at Zhou. Zhou wanted to treat Guan Zhong with the rites of an upper minister. Guan Zhong kowtowed and said: 'I am an attendant minister. How dare I!' He declined three times, then received the rites of a lower minister to see. In the thirty-ninth year, the younger brother of King Xiang of Zhou, Dai, fled to Qi. Qi sent Zhongsun to request the king and apologize for Dai. King Xiang was angered and did not listen.
40
四十一年，秦穆公虜晉惠公，復歸之。 是歲，管仲、隰朋皆卒。 管仲病，桓公問曰：「群臣誰可相者？」 管仲曰：「知臣莫如君。」 公曰：「易牙如何？」 對曰：「殺子以適君，非人情，不可。」 公曰：「開方如何？」 對曰：「倍親以適君，非人情，難近。」 公曰：「豎刀如何？」 對曰：「自宮以適君，非人情，難親。」 管仲死，而桓公不用管仲言，卒近用三子，三子專權。
In the forty-first year, Duke Mu of Qin captured Duke Hui of Jin and then returned him. In this year, both Guan Zhong and Xi Peng died. Guan Zhong was ill, and Duke Huan asked and said: 'Among the ministers, who can assist?' Guan Zhong said: 'None knows the ministers like the lord.' The duke said: 'What do you think of Yi Ya?' He replied and said: 'To kill one's son to please the lord is not human feeling. It cannot be.' The duke said: 'What do you think of Kai Fang?' He replied and said: 'To turn one's back on one's parents to please the lord is not human feeling. It is difficult to be near.' The duke said: 'What do you think of Shu Dao?' He replied and said: 'To castrate oneself to please the lord is not human feeling. It is difficult to be close.' Guan Zhong died, and Duke Huan did not use Guan Zhong's words. Finally, he approached and used the three sons, and the three sons monopolized power.
41
四十二年，戎伐周，周告急於齊，齊令諸侯各發卒戍周。 是歲，晉公子重耳來，桓公妻之。
In the forty-second year, the Rong attacked Zhou. Zhou urgently reported to Qi, and Qi commanded the feudal lords each to send troops to garrison Zhou. In this year, the duke's son of Jin, Chong Er, came, and Duke Huan gave him a wife.
42
四十三年。 初，齊桓公之夫人三：曰王姬、徐姬、蔡姬，皆無子。 桓公好內，多內寵，如夫人者六人，長衛姬，生無詭； 少衛姬，生惠公元； 鄭姬，生孝公昭； 葛嬴，生昭公潘； 密姬，生懿公商人； 宋華子，生公子雍。 桓公與管仲屬孝公於宋襄公，以為太子。 雍巫有寵於衛共姬，因宦者豎刀以厚獻於桓公，亦有寵，桓公許之立無詭。 管仲卒，五公子皆求立。 冬十月乙亥，齊桓公卒。 易牙入，與豎刀因內寵殺群吏，而立公子無詭為君。 太子昭奔宋。
In the forty-third year. Initially, Duke Huan of Qi had three ladies, Wang Ji, Xu Ji, and Cai Ji, none of whom had sons. Duke Huan liked the inner quarters and had many inner favorites. There were six persons like ladies. The eldest, Wei Ji, gave birth to Wu Gui. The younger Wei Ji gave birth to Duke Hui Yuan. Zheng Ji gave birth to Duke Xiao Zhao. Ge Ying gave birth to Duke Zhao Pan. Mi Ji gave birth to Duke Yi Shangren. Song Huazi gave birth to the duke's son Yong. Duke Huan, together with Guan Zhong, entrusted Duke Xiao to Duke Xiang of Song and made him the crown prince. Yong Wu had favor with Wei Gong Ji. Through the eunuch Shu Dao, he made thick gifts to Duke Huan and also had favor. Duke Huan permitted the establishment of Wu Gui. Guan Zhong died, and all five duke's sons sought to be established. On the day yihai of the tenth month of winter, Duke Huan of Qi died. Yi Ya entered, and together with Shu Dao, through the inner favorites, killed the group of officials and established the duke's son Wu Gui as lord. The crown prince Zhao fled to Song.
43
桓公病，五公子各樹黨爭立。 及桓公卒，遂相攻，以故宮中空，莫敢棺。 桓公尸在床上六十七日，尸蟲出于戶。 十二月乙亥，無詭立，乃棺赴。 辛巳夜，斂殯。
Duke Huan was ill, and the five duke's sons each planted factions and contended to be established. When Duke Huan died, they attacked one another. Because the palace was empty, no one dared to place him in his coffin. Duke Huan's corpse was on the bed for sixty-seven days, and corpse worms came out the door. On the day yihai of the twelfth month, Wu Gui was established, and then they coffined him and went. On the night of xinsi, they collected and encoffined him.
44
桓公十有餘子，要其後立者五人：無詭立三月死，無謚； 次孝公； 次昭公； 次懿公； 次惠公。 孝公元年三月，宋襄公率諸侯兵送齊太子昭而伐齊。 齊人恐，殺其君無詭。 齊人將立太子昭，四公子之徒攻太子，太子走宋，宋遂與齊人四公子戰。 五月，宋敗齊四公子師而立太子昭，是為齊孝公。 宋以桓公與管仲屬之太子，故來征之。 以亂故，八月乃葬齊桓公。
Duke Huan had more than ten sons. The essential ones who were later established were five persons: Wu Gui was established and died after three months, with no posthumous name. Next was Duke Xiao. Next was Duke Zhao. Next was Duke Yi. Next was Duke Hui. In the third month of the first year of Duke Xiao, Duke Xiang of Song led the troops of the feudal lords to send the crown prince of Qi, Zhao, and attacked Qi. The people of Qi were afraid and killed their lord Wu Gui. The people of Qi were about to establish the crown prince Zhao, but the followers of the four duke's sons attacked the crown prince. The crown prince fled to Song, and Song then battled with the people of Qi and the four duke's sons. In the fifth month, Song defeated the army of the four duke's sons of Qi and established the crown prince Zhao. This was Duke Xiao of Qi. Song came to punish them because Duke Huan, together with Guan Zhong, had entrusted the crown prince to them. Because of the chaos, it was not until the eighth month that they buried Duke Huan of Qi.
45
六年春，齊伐宋，以其不同盟于齊也。 夏，宋襄公卒。 七年，晉文公立。
In the spring of the sixth year, Qi attacked Song because they had not made the same alliance with Qi. In summer, Duke Xiang of Song died. In the seventh year, Duke Wen of Jin was established.
46
十年，孝公卒，孝公弟潘因衛公子開方殺孝公子而立潘，是為昭公。 昭公，桓公子也，其母曰葛嬴。
In the tenth year, Duke Xiao died. Duke Xiao's younger brother Pan, through the duke's son of Wei, Kai Fang, killed Duke Xiao's son and established Pan. This was Duke Zhao. Duke Zhao was a son of Duke Huan, and his mother was called Ge Ying.
47
昭公元年，晉文公敗楚於城濮，而會諸侯踐土，朝周，天子使晉稱伯。 六年，翟侵齊。 晉文公卒。 秦兵敗於殽。 十二年，秦穆公卒。
In the first year of Duke Zhao, Duke Wen of Jin defeated Chu at Chengpu, and met the feudal lords at Jiantu, courted Zhou, and the Son of Heaven made Jin called Bo. In the sixth year, the Di invaded Qi. Duke Wen of Jin died. The Qin troops were defeated at Xiao. In the twelfth year, Duke Mu of Qin died.
48
十九年五月，昭公卒，子舍立為齊君。 捨之母無寵於昭公，國人莫畏。 昭公之弟商人以桓公死爭立而不得，陰交賢士，附愛百姓，百姓說。 及昭公卒，子舍立，孤弱，即與眾十月即墓上弒齊君舍，而商人自立，是為懿公。 懿公，桓公子也，其母曰密姬。
In the fifth month of the nineteenth year, Duke Zhao died, and his son She was established as the lord of Qi. She's mother had no favor with Duke Zhao, and the people of the state did not fear him. Duke Zhao's younger brother Shang Ren had contended to be established after Duke Huan's death but failed. He secretly befriended worthy scholars, attached himself to the common people and loved them, and the common people were pleased. And when Duke Zhao died, his son She was established, but he was orphaned and weak. Immediately, together with the masses, in the tenth month, at the tomb above, they assassinated the lord of Qi, She, and Shang Ren established himself. This was Duke Yi. Duke Yi was a son of Duke Huan, and his mother was called Mi Ji.
49
懿公四年春，初，懿公為公子時，與丙戎之父獵，爭獲不勝，及即位，斷丙戎父足，而使丙戎仆。 庸職之妻好，公內之宮，使庸職驂乘。 五月，懿公游於申池，二人浴，戲。 職曰：「斷足子！」 戎曰：「奪妻者！」 二人俱病此言，乃怨。 謀與公游竹中，二人弒懿公車上，棄竹中而亡去。
In the spring of the fourth year of Duke Yi, initially, when Duke Yi was a duke's son, he hunted with Bing Rong's father, contended for the catch and did not win. When he ascended the throne, he cut off Bing Rong's father's feet and made Bing Rong a servant. Yong Zhi's wife was beautiful, and the duke took her into the palace and made Yong Zhi his chariot attendant. In the fifth month, Duke Yi toured at Shen Pool, and the two people bathed and played. Zhi said: 'You are the son of one with cut feet!' Rong said: 'You are the person who seized a wife!' The two people both resented these words and then resented. They plotted to tour with the duke in the middle of the bamboo. The two assassinated Duke Yi on the chariot, abandoned him in the middle of the bamboo, and fled.
50
懿公之立，驕，民不附。 齊人廢其子而迎公子元於衛，立之，是為惠公。 惠公，桓公子也。 其母衛女，曰少衛姬，避齊亂，故在衛。
When Duke Yi was established, he was arrogant, and the people did not attach themselves to him. The people of Qi abolished his son and welcomed the duke's son Yuan from Wei, established him, and this was Duke Hui. Duke Hui was a son of Duke Huan. His mother was a woman from Wei, called Shao Wei Ji. She avoided the chaos of Qi, and therefore was in Wei.
51
惠公二年，長翟來，王子城父攻殺之，埋之於北門。 晉趙穿弒其君靈公。
In the second year of Duke Hui, the Chang Di came. Wangzi Chengfu attacked and killed him and buried him at the north gate. Zhao Chuan of Jin assassinated his lord Duke Ling.
52
十年，惠公卒，子頃公無野立。 初，崔杼有寵於惠公，惠公卒，高、國畏其偪也，逐之，崔杼奔衛。
In the tenth year, Duke Hui died, and his son Duke Qing Wuye was established. Initially, Cui Zhu had favor with Duke Hui. When Duke Hui died, Gao and Guo feared his oppression, expelled him, and Cui Zhu fled to the state of Wei.
53
頃公元年，楚莊王彊，伐陳； 二年，圍鄭，鄭伯降，已復國鄭伯。
In the first year of Duke Qing, King Zhuang of Chu was strong and attacked Chen. In the second year, they surrounded Zheng, and the Earl of Zheng surrendered. Then they restored the state to the Earl of Zheng.
54
六年春，晉使郤克於齊，齊使夫人帷中而觀之。 郤克上，夫人笑之。 郤克曰：「不是報，不復涉河！」 歸，請伐齊，晉侯弗許。 齊使至晉，郤克執齊使者四人河內，殺之。 八年。 晉伐齊，齊以公子彊質晉，晉兵去。 十年春，齊伐魯、衛。 魯、衛大夫如晉請師，皆因郤克。 晉使郤克以車八百乘為中軍將，士燮將上軍，欒書將下軍，以救魯、衛，伐齊。 六月壬申，與齊侯兵合靡笄下。 癸酉，陳于礱逄丑父為齊頃公右。 頃公曰：「馳之，破晉軍會食。」 射傷郤克，流血至履。 克欲還入壁，其御曰：「我始入，再傷，不敢言疾，恐懼士卒，願子忍之。」 遂復戰。 戰，齊急，丑父恐齊侯得，乃易處，頃公為右，車絓於木而止。 晉小將韓厥伏齊侯車前，曰「寡君使臣救魯、衛」，戲之。 丑父使頃公下取飲，因得亡，脫去，入其軍。 晉郤克欲殺丑父。 丑父曰：「代君死而見僇，後人臣無忠其君者矣。」 克捨之，丑父遂得亡歸齊。 於是晉軍追齊至馬陵。 齊侯請以寶器謝，不聽； 必得笑克者蕭桐叔子，令齊東畝。 對曰：「叔子，齊君母。 齊君母亦猶晉君母，子安置之？ 且子以義伐而以暴為後，其可乎？」 於是乃許，令反魯、衛之侵地。
In the spring of the sixth year, Jin sent Xi Ke to Qi, and Qi made the consort observe him from within a curtain. When Xi Ke ascended, the consort laughed at him. Xi Ke said: 'If I do not avenge this, I will not again cross the river!' He returned and requested to attack Qi, but the Marquis of Jin did not permit it. When an envoy of Qi arrived at Jin, Xi Ke seized the four envoys of Qi at the inner part of the river and killed them. In the eighth year. Jin attacked Qi, and Qi gave the duke's son Qiang as a hostage to Jin. The Jin troops then left. In the spring of the tenth year, Qi attacked Lu and Wei. The grandees of Lu and Wei went to Jin to request troops, all through Xi Ke. Jin sent Xi Ke with eight hundred chariots as general of the middle army, Shi Xie as general of the upper army, and Luan Shu as general of the lower army, to save Lu and Wei and attack Qi. On the day renshen of the sixth month, they met with the troops of the Marquis of Qi below Miji. On guiyou, they arrayed at Long, and Pang Choufu was the right of Duke Qing of Qi. Duke Qing said: 'Gallop them. When we defeat the Jin army, we will eat together.' They shot and injured Xi Ke, and blood flowed to his shoes. Ke wanted to return and enter the wall, but his driver said: 'I began to enter and was again injured. I did not dare to speak of the pain, fearing the soldiers. I wish you to endure it.' Then they again battled. They battled, and Qi was urgent. Chou Fu feared that the Marquis of Qi would be obtained, so he changed position, and Duke Qing was the right. The chariot tangled in wood and stopped. The young general of Jin, Han Jue, hid at the front of the chariot of the Marquis of Qi and said: 'My lord sent me, your minister, to save Lu and Wei.' He mocked him. Chou Fu made Duke Qing descend to take a drink, and thereby he got to flee, escaped, and entered his army. Xi Ke of Jin wanted to kill Chou Fu. Chou Fu said: 'To substitute for the lord and die and be seen mutilated, later ministers will have none who are loyal to their lords.' Ke released him, and Chou Fu then got to flee and return to Qi. Therefore, the Jin army pursued Qi to Maling. The Marquis of Qi requested to apologize with precious vessels, but they did not listen. They must get the person who laughed at Ke, Xiao Tong Shu Zi, and ordered Qi to have east fields. He replied and said: 'Shu Zi is the mother of the lord of Qi. The mother of the lord of Qi is also like the mother of the lord of Jin. Where will you place her? Besides, you attack in the name of righteousness but follow it with violence. Can this be permissible?' Therefore, they then permitted it and ordered the return of the invaded lands of Lu and Wei.
55
十一年，晉初置六卿，賞鞌之功。 齊頃公朝晉，欲尊王晉景公，晉景公不敢受，乃歸。 歸而頃公弛苑囿，薄賦斂，振孤問疾，虛積聚以救民，民亦大說。 厚禮諸侯。 竟頃公卒，百姓附，諸侯不犯。
In the eleventh year, Jin first established the six ministers and rewarded merit from the battle of An. Duke Qing of Qi went to court at Jin and wished to honor Duke Jing of Jin as king; Duke Jing of Jin did not dare accept, and then returned. He returned, and Duke Qing relaxed the parks and enclosures, reduced taxes and levies, aided orphans, asked after the sick, and emptied the stores to save the people. The people were also greatly pleased. He thickly treated the feudal lords. Throughout until Duke Qing died, the hundred families attached themselves to him, and the feudal lords did not violate him.
56
十七年，頃公卒，子靈公環立。
In the seventeenth year, Duke Qing died, and his son Duke Ling Huan was established.
57
靈公九年，晉欒書弒其君厲公。 十年，晉悼公伐齊，齊令公子光質晉。 十九年，立子光為太子，高厚傅之，令會諸侯盟於鐘離。 二十七年，晉使中行獻子伐齊。 齊師敗，靈公走入臨菑。 晏嬰止靈公，靈公弗從。 曰：「君亦無勇矣！」 晉兵遂圍臨菑，臨菑城守不敢出，晉焚郭中而去。
In the ninth year of Duke Ling, Luan Shu of Jin assassinated his lord Duke Li. In the tenth year, Duke Dao of Jin attacked Qi, and Qi ordered the duke's son Guang to be a hostage to Jin. In the nineteenth year, he established his son Guang as crown prince. Gao Hou tutored him, and he ordered them to assemble the feudal lords and make an alliance at Zhongli. In the twenty-seventh year, Jin sent Zhonghang Xian Zi to attack Qi. The Qi army was defeated, and Duke Ling fled and entered Linzi. Yan Ying stopped Duke Ling, but Duke Ling did not follow. He said: 'You, my lord, are also without courage!' The Jin troops then surrounded Linzi. The city defenders of Linzi did not dare to exit, and Jin burned the middle of the outer walls and left.
58
二十八年，初，靈公取魯女，生子光，以為太子。 仲姬，戎姬。 戎姬嬖，仲姬生子牙，屬之戎姬。 戎姬請以為太子，公許之。 仲姬曰：「不可。 光之立，列於諸侯矣，今無故廢之，君必悔之。」 公曰：「在我耳。」 遂東太子光，使高厚傅牙為太子。 靈公疾，崔杼迎故太子光而立之，是為莊公。 莊公殺戎姬。 五月壬辰，靈公卒，莊公即位，執太子牙於句竇之丘，殺之。 八月，崔杼殺高厚。 晉聞齊亂，伐齊，至高唐。
In the twenty-eighth year, initially, Duke Ling took a woman from Lu, and she gave birth to a son Guang, who was established as crown prince. There were Zhong Ji and Rong Ji. Rong Ji was favored. Zhong Ji gave birth to a son Ya, and he was entrusted to Rong Ji. Rong Ji requested to establish him as crown prince, and the duke permitted it. Zhong Ji said: 'It is not permissible. Guang was established and ranked among the feudal lords. Now, without cause, to abolish him, you, my lord, will certainly regret it.' The duke said: 'It is in my hands.' Then he sent the crown prince Guang to the east and made Gao Hou tutor Ya as crown prince. Duke Ling was ill, and Cui Zhu welcomed the former crown prince Guang and established him. This was Duke Zhuang. Duke Zhuang killed Rong Ji. On the day renchen of the fifth month, Duke Ling died, and Duke Zhuang ascended the throne. He seized the crown prince Ya at the hill of Goudou and killed him. In the eighth month, Cui Zhu killed Gao Hou. Jin heard of the chaos in Qi, attacked Qi, and arrived at Gaotang.
59
莊公三年，晉大夫欒盈奔齊，莊公厚客待之。 晏嬰、田文子諫，公弗聽。 四年，齊莊公使欒盈閒入晉曲沃為內應，以兵隨之，上太行，入孟門。 欒盈敗，齊兵還，取朝歌。
In the third year of Duke Zhuang, the grand master of Jin, Luan Ying, fled to Qi, and Duke Zhuang thickly treated him as a guest. Yan Ying and Tian Wenzi admonished, but the duke did not listen. In the fourth year, Duke Zhuang of Qi sent Luan Ying to secretly enter Quwo of Jin as internal support, and with troops followed him, ascended Taihang, and entered Mengmen. Luan Ying was defeated, and the Qi troops returned and took Zhaoge.
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六年，初，棠公妻好，棠公死，崔杼取之。 莊公通之，數如崔氏，以崔杼之冠賜人。 待者曰：「不可。」 崔杼怒，因其伐晉，欲與晉合謀襲齊而不得閒。 莊公嘗笞宦者賈舉，賈舉復侍，為崔杼閒公以報怨。 五月，莒子朝齊，齊以甲戌饗之。 崔杼稱病不視事。 乙亥，公問崔杼病，遂從崔杼妻。 崔杼妻入室，與崔杼自閉戶不出，公擁柱而歌。 宦者賈舉遮公從官而入，閉門，崔杼之徒持兵從中起。 公登臺而請解，不許； 請盟，不許； 請自殺於廟，不許。 皆曰：「君之臣杼疾病，不能聽命。 近於公宮。 陪臣爭趣有淫者，不知二命。」 公踰墻，射中公股，公反墜，遂弒之。 晏嬰立崔杼門外，曰：「君為社稷死則死之，為社稷亡則亡之。 若為己死己亡，非其私暱，誰敢任之！」 門開而入，枕公尸而哭，三踴而出。 人謂崔杼：「必殺之。」 崔杼曰：「民之望也，捨之得民。」
In the sixth year, initially, the wife of Tang Gong was beautiful. When Tang Gong died, Cui Zhu took her. Duke Zhuang had relations with her and frequently went to the Cui clan. He took Cui Zhu's hat and bestowed it on people. The attendant said: 'It is not permissible.' Cui Zhu was angered. Taking advantage of his attack on Jin, he wanted to jointly plot with Jin to attack Qi but did not get the opportunity. Duke Zhuang once whipped the eunuch Jia Ju. Jia Ju again served and, for Cui Zhu, spied on the duke to avenge his grudge. In the fifth month, the lord of Ju courted Qi, and Qi feasted him on the day jiaxu. Cui Zhu claimed illness and did not handle affairs. On yihai, the duke inquired about Cui Zhu's illness and then followed Cui Zhu's wife. Cui Zhu's wife entered the chamber, and together with Cui Zhu, she closed the door and did not exit. The duke embraced a pillar and sang. The eunuch Jia Ju blocked the duke's followers and entered, closed the door, and Cui Zhu's followers held weapons and rose from the middle. The duke ascended the platform and requested reconciliation, but it was not permitted. He requested an alliance, but it was not permitted. He requested to commit suicide in the temple, but it was not permitted. All said: 'Your minister Zhu is ill and cannot listen to the commands. It is close to the duke's palace. The attendant ministers contended and rushed to those who had licentious ones. We do not know two commands.' The duke leaped over the wall, and they shot and hit the duke's thigh. The duke fell back, and then they assassinated him. Yan Ying stood outside Cui Zhu's gate and said: 'If the lord dies for the altars of the soil, then die for him. If the lord flees for the altars of the soil, then flee for him. If he dies or flees for himself, and it is not for the sake of his private intimates, who dares to undertake it!' The gate opened, and he entered, pillowed the duke's corpse, cried, leapt three times, and went out. People said to Cui Zhu: 'You must kill him.' Cui Zhu said: 'He is the hope of the people. Release him and you will get the people.'
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丁丑，崔杼立莊公異母弟杵臼，是為景公。 景公母，魯叔孫宣伯女也。 景公立，以崔杼為右相，慶封為左相。 二相恐亂起，乃與國人盟曰：「不與崔慶者死！」 晏子仰天曰：「嬰所不（獲）唯忠於君利社稷者是從！」 不肯盟。 慶封欲殺晏子，崔杼曰：「忠臣也，捨之。」 齊太史書曰「崔杼弒莊公」，崔杼殺之。 其弟復書，崔杼復殺之。 少弟復書，崔杼乃捨之。
On dingchou, Cui Zhu established Duke Zhuang's younger brother from a different mother, Chujiu. This was Duke Jing. Duke Jing's mother was the daughter of Shusun Xuan Bo of Lu. Duke Jing was established, with Cui Zhu as the right minister and Qing Feng as the left minister. The two ministers feared that chaos would arise, and then together with the people of the state, they made an alliance and said: 'Those who do not side with Cui and Qing will die!' Yan Zi faced heaven and said: 'What Ying does not obtain, only those who are loyal to the lord and benefit the altars of the soil will I follow!' He was not willing to make the alliance. Qing Feng wanted to kill Yan Zi, but Cui Zhu said: 'He is a loyal minister. Release him.' The grand scribe of Qi wrote and said: 'Cui Zhu assassinated Duke Zhuang.' Cui Zhu killed him. His younger brother again wrote, and Cui Zhu again killed him. The younger brother again wrote, and Cui Zhu then released him.
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景公元年，初，崔杼生子成及彊，其母死，取東郭女，生明。 東郭女使其前夫子無咎與其弟偃相崔氏。 成有罪，二相急治之，立明為太子。 成請老於崔［杼］，崔杼許之，二相弗聽，曰：「崔，宗邑，不可。」 成、彊怒，告慶封。 慶封與崔杼有郤，欲其敗也。 成、彊殺無咎、偃於崔杼家，家皆奔亡。 崔杼怒，無人，使一宦者御，見慶封。 慶封曰：「請為子誅之。」 使崔杼仇盧蒲嫳攻崔氏，殺成、彊，盡滅崔氏，崔杼婦自殺。 崔杼毋歸，亦自殺。 慶封為相國，專權。
In the first year of Duke Jing, initially, Cui Zhu had sons Cheng and Qiang. Their mother died, and he took a woman from Dongguo, who gave birth to Ming. The woman from Dongguo made her former husband's son Wujiu and her younger brother Yan assist the Cui clan. Cheng had a crime, and the two ministers urgently punished him and established Ming as crown prince. Cheng requested to retire in Cui, and Cui Zhu permitted it, but the two ministers did not listen and said: 'Cui is an ancestral city. It is not permissible.' Cheng and Qiang were angered and told Qing Feng. Qing Feng had enmity with Cui Zhu and wanted his defeat. Cheng and Qiang killed Wujiu and Yan at Cui Zhu's home, and the household all fled and escaped. Cui Zhu was angered and had no people. He made one eunuch drive the chariot and saw Qing Feng. Qing Feng said: 'Please let me exterminate them for you.' He made Cui Zhu's enemy Lu Pu Bi attack the Cui clan, killed Cheng and Qiang, completely exterminated the Cui clan, and Cui Zhu's wife committed suicide. Cui Zhu's mother did not return, and also committed suicide. Qing Feng became chancellor and monopolized power.
63
三年十月，慶封出獵。 初，慶封已殺崔杼，益驕，嗜酒好獵，不聽政令。 慶舍用政，已有內郤。 田文子謂桓子曰：「亂將作。」 田、鮑、高、欒氏相與謀慶氏。 慶舍發甲圍慶封宮，四家徒共擊破之。 慶封還，不得入，奔魯。 齊人讓魯，封奔吳。 吳與之朱方，聚其族而居之，富於在齊。 其秋，齊人徙葬莊公，僇崔杼尸於市以說眾。
In the third year, in the tenth month, Qing Feng went hunting. Initially, Qing Feng had already killed Cui Zhu, became increasingly arrogant, was addicted to wine and fond of hunting, and did not listen to the government commands. Qing She administered the government, and there was already internal enmity. Tian Wenzi told Huanzi: 'Chaos will arise.' The Tian, Bao, Gao, and Luan clans plotted together against the Qing clan. Qing She sent armor to surround Qing Feng's palace, and the followers of the four families together attacked and broke it. Qing Feng returned, but was not able to enter, and fled to Lu. The people of Qi blamed Lu, and Feng fled to Wu. Wu gave him Zhufang, and he gathered his clan and resided there, and was wealthier than when he was in the state of Qi. That autumn, the people of Qi moved and buried Duke Zhuang, and mutilated Cui Zhu's corpse in the market to please the masses.
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九年，景公使晏嬰之晉，與叔向私語曰：「齊政卒歸田氏。 田氏雖無大德，以公權私，有德於民，民愛之。」 十二年，景公如晉，見平公，欲與伐燕。 十八年，公復如晉，見昭公。 二十六年，獵魯郊，因入魯，與晏嬰俱問魯禮。 三十一年，魯昭公辟季氏難，奔齊。 齊欲以千社封之，子家止昭公，昭公乃請齊伐魯，取鄆以居昭公。
In the ninth year, Duke Jing sent Yan Ying to Jin, and he had a private conversation with Shu Xiang, saying: 'The government of Qi finally returned to the Tian clan. The Tian clan, though they had no great virtue, used public power for private gain, showed virtue to the people, and the people loved them.' In the twelfth year, Duke Jing went to Jin, saw Duke Ping, and wanted to attack Yan with him. In the eighteenth year, the duke again went to Jin and saw Duke Zhao. In the twenty-sixth year, he hunted in the suburbs of Lu, and thereby entered Lu, and together with Yan Ying inquired about the rites of Lu. In the thirty-first year, Duke Zhao of Lu avoided the difficulty with the Ji clan and fled to Qi. Qi wanted to enfeoff him with a thousand she, but Zijia stopped Duke Zhao, and Duke Zhao then requested Qi to attack Lu and take Yun to house Duke Zhao.
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三十二年，彗星見。 景公坐柏寢，嘆曰：「堂堂！ 誰有此乎？」 群臣皆泣，晏子笑，公怒。 晏子曰：「臣笑群臣諛甚。」 景公曰：「彗星出東北，當齊分野，寡人以為憂。」 晏子曰：「君高臺深池，賦斂如弗得，刑罰恐弗勝，茀星將出，彗星何懼乎？」 公曰：「可禳否？」 晏子曰：「使神可祝而來，亦可禳而去也。 百姓苦怨以萬數，而君令一人禳之，安能勝眾口乎？」 是時景公好治宮室，聚狗馬，奢侈，厚賦重刑，故晏子以此諫之。
In the thirty-second year, a comet appeared. Duke Jing sat in the cypress chamber and sighed, saying: 'How grand! Who will have this?' All the ministers wept, but Yanzi laughed, and the duke was angered. Yanzi said: 'I laugh because the ministers flatter excessively.' Duke Jing said: 'The comet appears in the northeast, corresponding to Qi's star field, and I take it as a worry.' Yanzi said: 'You, my lord, have high towers and deep pools, impose taxes and levies as if you cannot obtain enough, and impose punishments as if you fear they are insufficient. The Fu star is about to appear. What is there to fear from a comet?' The duke said: 'Can it be exorcised?' Yanzi said: 'If the spirits can be prayed to come, they can also be exorcised to leave. The common people's bitter resentment is counted in the tens of thousands, and you, my lord, command one person to exorcise it. How can one overcome the many mouths?' At this time, Duke Jing was fond of administering the palaces, gathered dogs and horses, was extravagant, and had heavy taxes and severe punishments. Therefore, Yanzi admonished him with this.
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四十二年，吳王闔閭伐楚，入郢。
In the forty-second year, King Helü of Wu attacked Chu and entered Ying.
67
四十七年，魯陽虎攻其君，不勝，奔齊，請齊伐魯。 鮑子諫景公，乃囚陽虎。 陽虎得亡，奔晉。
In the forty-seventh year, Yang Hu of Lu attacked his lord, was not victorious, fled to Qi, and requested Qi to attack Lu. Baozi admonished Duke Jing, and then imprisoned Yang Hu. Yang Hu managed to escape and fled to Jin.
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四十八年，與魯定公好會夾谷。 犁鉏曰：「孔丘知禮而怯，請令萊人為樂，因執魯君，可得志。」 景公害孔丘相魯，懼其霸，故從犁鉏之計。 方會，進萊樂，孔子歷階上，使有司執萊人斬之，以禮讓景公。 景公慚，乃歸魯侵地以謝，而罷去。 是歲，晏嬰卒。
In the forty-eighth year, he had a friendly meeting with Duke Ding of Lu at Jiagu. Lichu said: 'Kong Qiu knows the rites but is cowardly. Please command the people of Lai to make music, and thereby seize the lord of Lu, and you can obtain your ambition.' Duke Jing hated that Kong Qiu was assisting the state of Lu, feared his hegemony, and therefore followed Lichu's plan. Just as they were meeting, they advanced the music of Lai, and Kongzi ascended the stairs, made the officials seize the people of Lai and behead them, and with the rites yielded to Duke Jing. Duke Jing was ashamed, and then returned the invaded lands of Lu to apologize, and departed. In this year, Yan Ying died.
69
五十五年，范、中行反其君於晉，晉攻之急，來請粟。 田乞欲為亂，樹黨於逆臣，說景公曰：「范、中行數有德於齊，不可不救。」 及使乞救而輸之粟。
In the fifty-fifth year, Fan and Zhonghang rebelled against their lord in Jin. Jin attacked them urgently, and they came to request grain. Tian Qi wanted to cause disorder, formed a faction among the rebellious ministers, and persuaded Duke Jing, saying: 'Fan and Zhonghang have repeatedly shown virtue toward Qi, so we must save them.' He then had Qi rescue them and send grain to them.
70
五十八年夏，景公夫人燕姬適子死。 景公寵妾芮姬生子荼，荼少，其母賤，無行，諸大夫恐其為嗣，乃言願擇諸子長賢者為太子。 景公老，惡言嗣事，又愛荼母，欲立之，憚發之口，乃謂諸大夫曰：「為樂耳，國何患無君乎？」 秋，景公病，命國惠子、高昭子立少子荼為太子，逐群公子，遷之萊。 景公卒，太子荼立，是為晏孺子。 冬，未葬，而群公子畏誅，皆出亡。 荼諸異母兄公子壽、駒、黔奔衛，公子駔、陽生奔魯。 萊人歌之曰：「景公死乎弗與埋，三軍事乎弗與謀，師乎師乎，胡黨之乎？」
In the summer of the fifty-eighth year, the legitimate son of Duke Jing's lady Yan Ji died. Duke Jing's favored concubine Ruiji bore a son, Tu. Tu was young, his mother was low-born and without virtue, and the grandees feared that he would be made successor. They therefore said that they wished to choose the eldest and worthiest among the sons as crown prince. Duke Jing was old and disliked discussing the succession. He also loved Tu's mother and wanted to establish Tu, but dreaded saying so openly. He therefore told the grandees, "Let us enjoy ourselves. Why should the state worry that it will lack a ruler?" In autumn, Duke Jing fell ill and ordered Guo Huizi and Gao Zhaozhi to establish his youngest son, Tu, as crown prince. He drove out the other ducal sons and moved them to Lai. Duke Jing died, and Crown Prince Tu was established. This was Yan Ruzi. That winter, before Duke Jing had been buried, the other ducal sons feared execution and all fled. Tu's elder half-brothers by other mothers, the ducal sons Shou, Ju, and Qian, fled to Wei; the ducal sons Zu and Yangsheng fled to Lu. The people of Lai made a song about it: "Duke Jing died, yet we had no part in burying him. The affairs of the three armies were planned, yet we had no part in the planning. Army, army, why side with them?"
71
晏孺子元年春，田乞偽事高、國者，每朝，乞驂乘，言曰：「子得君，大夫皆自危，欲謀作亂。」 又謂諸大夫曰：「高昭子可畏，及未發，先之。」 大夫從之。 六月，田乞、鮑牧乃與大夫以兵入公宮，攻高昭子。 昭子聞之，與國惠子救公。 公師敗，田乞之徒追之，國惠子奔莒，遂反殺高昭子。 晏圉奔魯。 八月，齊秉意茲。 田乞敗二相，乃使人之魯召公子陽生。 陽生至齊，私匿田乞家。 十月戊子，田乞請諸大夫曰：「常之母有魚菽之祭，幸來會飲。」 會飲，田乞盛陽生橐中，置坐中央，發橐出陽生，曰：「此乃齊君矣！」 大夫皆伏謁。 將與大夫盟而立之，鮑牧醉，乞誣大夫曰：「吾與鮑牧謀共立陽生。」 鮑牧怒曰：「子忘景公之命乎？」 諸大夫相視欲悔，陽生前，頓首曰：「可則立之，否則已。」 鮑牧恐禍起，乃復曰：「皆景公子也，何為不可！」 乃與盟，立陽生，是為悼公。 悼公入宮，使人遷晏孺子於駘，殺之幕下，而逐孺子母芮子。 芮子故賤而孺子少，故無權，國人輕之。
In the spring of Yan Ruzi's first year, Tian Qi pretended to serve the Gao and Guo clans. Whenever they went to court, Qi rode beside them in the chariot and said, "You have gained control of the ruler, and the grandees all feel endangered and want to plot rebellion." He also told the grandees, "Gao Zhaozhi is dangerous. Before he acts, we must strike him first." The grandees followed him. In the sixth month, Tian Qi and Bao Mu joined the grandees and led troops into the ducal palace to attack Gao Zhaozhi. Zhaozhi heard of it, and with Guohuizi saved the duke. The duke's army was defeated, Tian Qi's followers pursued them, Guohuizi fled to Ju, and then conversely killed Gao Zhaozhi. Yan Yu fled to Lu. In the eighth month, Bing Yizi of Qi fled to Lu. Tian Qi defeated the two ministers, and then sent people to Lu to summon the duke's son Yang Sheng. Yang Sheng arrived in Qi and privately hid in Tian Qi's home. On the wuzi day of the tenth month, Tian Qi invited the grandees, saying, "Chang's mother is holding a sacrifice of fish and beans. I would be honored if you came to gather and drink." When they gathered to drink, Tian Qi had Yangsheng placed inside a sack and set in the central seat. He opened the sack, brought Yangsheng out, and said, "This is the ruler of Qi!" All the grandees prostrated and greeted him. They were about to covenant with the grandees and establish Yangsheng, but Bao Mu was drunk. Tian Qi therefore falsely told the grandees, "Bao Mu and I plotted together to establish Yangsheng." Bao Mu was angered and said: 'Have you forgotten Duke Jing's command?' The grandees looked at one another and were about to withdraw. Yangsheng came forward, bowed his head to the ground, and said, "If it is permissible, establish me. If not, let the matter end." Bao Mu feared that disaster would erupt, so he said again, "They are all sons of Duke Jing. Why would it not be permissible?" Then they allied and established Yang Sheng. This was Duke Dao. Duke Dao entered the palace, made people move Yan Ruzi to Dai, killed him under the tent, and expelled Ruzi's mother Rui Zi. Rui Zi was originally base and Ruzi was young, and therefore they had no power, and the people of the state slighted them.
72
悼公元年，齊伐魯，取讙、闡。 初，陽生亡在魯，季康子以其妹妻之。 及歸即位，使迎之。 季姬與季魴侯通，言其情，魯弗敢與，故齊伐魯，竟迎季姬。 季姬嬖，齊復歸魯侵地。
In the first year of Duke Dao, Qi attacked Lu and took Huan and Chan. Initially, Yang Sheng fled in Lu, and Ji Kangzi married him with the younger sister. And when he returned and ascended the throne, he sent to welcome her. Ji Ji had relations with Ji Fanghou, spoke of the feelings, and Lu did not dare to give her, and therefore Qi attacked Lu, and finally welcomed Ji Ji. Ji Ji was favored, and Qi again returned the invaded lands of Lu.
73
鮑子與悼公有郤，不善。 四年，吳、魯伐齊南方。 鮑子弒悼公，赴于吳。 吳王夫差哭於軍門外三日，將從海入討齊。 齊人敗之，吳師乃去。 晉趙鞅伐齊，至賴而去。 齊人共立悼公子壬，是為簡公。
Baozi had enmity with Duke Dao, and it was not good. In the fourth year, Wu and Lu attacked the southern part of Qi. Baozi assassinated Duke Dao and fled to Wu. King Fuchai of Wu cried outside the army gate for three days, and was about to enter from the sea to punish Qi. The people of Qi defeated them, and the troops of Wu then left. Zhao Yang of Jin attacked Qi, arrived at Lai, and left. The people of Qi jointly established Ren, the son of Duke Dao. This was Duke Jian.
74
簡公四年春，初，簡公與父陽生俱在魯也，監止有寵焉。 及即位，使為政。 田成子憚之，驟顧於朝。 御鞅言簡公曰：「田、監不可并也，君其擇焉。」 弗聽。 子我夕，田逆殺人，逢之，遂捕以入。 田氏方睦，使囚病而遺守囚者酒，醉而殺守者，得亡。 子我盟諸田於陳宗。 初，田豹欲為子我臣，使公孫言豹，豹有喪而止。 後卒以為臣，幸於子我。 子我謂曰：「吾盡逐田氏而立女，可乎？」 對曰：「我遠田氏矣。 且其違者不過數人，何盡逐焉！」 遂告田氏。 子行曰：「彼得君，弗先，必禍子。」 子行舍於公宮。
In the spring of the fourth year of Duke Jian, initially, Duke Jian and his father Yang Sheng were both in Lu, and Jian Zhi had favor there. And when he ascended the throne, he made him administer the government. Tian Chengzi feared him, and frequently looked back in court. Yu Yang spoke to Duke Jian, saying: 'Tian and Jian cannot be together. You, my lord, choose among the two.' He did not listen. In the evening, Zi Wo met Tian Ni, who had killed a person, and then seized him and entered. The Tian clan, having just made peace, pretended that the prisoner was ill and sent wine to the guard. When the guard was drunk, they killed him and escaped. Zi Wo made a covenant with the Tian lineages at Chen Zong. Initially, Tian Bao wanted to be Zi Wo's minister, made Gongsun speak of Bao, but Bao had a mourning and stopped. Later, he finally became a minister and was fortunate with Zi Wo. Zi Wo told him, saying: 'I will completely expel the Tian clan and establish you. Is it permissible?' He replied, saying: 'I am distant from the Tian clan. Besides, those who have violated the law number no more than a few people. Why expel all of them?' Then he told the Tian clan. Zixing said: 'He has obtained the lord. If you do not first, he will certainly bring calamity to you.' Zixing resided in the duke's palace.
75
夏五月壬申，成子兄弟四乘如公。 子我在幄，出迎之，遂入，閉門。 宦者御之，子行殺宦者。 公與婦人飲酒於檀臺，成子遷諸寢。 公執戈將擊之，太史子餘曰：「非不利也，將除害也。」 成子出舍于庫，聞公猶怒，將出，曰：「何所無君！」 子行拔劍曰：「需，事之賊也。 誰非田宗？ 所不殺子者有如田宗。」 乃止。 子我歸，屬徒攻闈與大門，皆弗勝，乃出。 田氏追之。 豐丘人執子我以告，殺之郭關。 成子將殺大陸子方，田逆請而免之。 以公命取車於道，出雍門。 田豹與之車，弗受，曰：「逆為余請，豹與余車，余有私焉。 事子我而有私於其讎，何以見魯、衛之士？」
On the day renshen of the fifth month of summer, the brothers of Chengzi, four chariots, went to the duke. Zi Wo was in the tent, exited and welcomed them, then entered, and closed the door. A eunuch drove, and Zixing killed the eunuch. The duke drank wine with a woman at the Tan platform, and Chengzi moved them to the sleeping chambers. The duke grasped a spear and was about to strike him, and the grand scribe Ziyu said: 'It is not disadvantageous. He is about to remove harm.' Chengzi exited and resided in the storehouse, heard that the duke was still angry, and was about to exit, saying: 'What place is without a lord!' Zixing drew his sword and said: 'Delay is the thief of affairs. Who is not of the Tian ancestor? If I do not kill you, may I be like the Tian ancestor.' Then he stopped. Zi Wo returned, gathered his followers and attacked the inner gate and the great gate, but all were not victorious, and then exited. The Tian clan pursued him. The people of Fengqiu seized Zi Wo to report, and killed him at the outer gate. Chengzi was about to kill Dalu Zifang, and Tian Ni requested and obtained the exemption for him. With the duke's command, he took a chariot on the road and exited the Yong gate. Tian Bao gave him a chariot, but he did not accept it, and said: 'Ni requested for me, and Bao gave me a chariot. I have private feelings there. I served Zi Wo and had private feelings with his enemy. How can I face the gentlemen of Lu and Wei?'
76
庚辰，田常執簡公于俆州。 公曰：「余蚤從御鞅言，不及此。」 甲午，田常弒簡公于俆州。 田常乃立簡公弟驁，是為平公。 平公即位，田常相之，專齊之政，割齊安平以東為田氏封邑。
On the day gengchen, Tian Chang seized Duke Jian at Xuzhou. The duke said: 'If I had early followed Yu Yang's words, I would not have reached this.' On the day jiawu, Tian Chang assassinated Duke Jian at Xuzhou. Tian Chang then established Ao, the younger brother of Duke Jian. This was Duke Ping. Duke Ping ascended the throne, and Tian Chang assisted him, monopolized the government of Qi, and divided the land east of Anping in Qi as the enfeoffed city of the Tian clan.
77
平公八年，越滅吳。 二十五年卒，子宣公積立。
In the eighth year of Duke Ping, Yue extinguished Wu. In the twenty-fifth year, he died, and his son Duke Xuan Ji was established.
78
宣公五十一年卒，子康公貸立。 田會反廩丘。 康公二年，韓、魏、趙始列為諸侯。 十九年，田常曾孫田和始為諸侯，遷康公海濱。
In the fifty-first year of Duke Xuan, he died, and his son Duke Kang Dai was established. Tian Hui rebelled at Linqiu. In the second year of Duke Kang, Han, Wei, and Zhao first received ranks among the feudal lords. In the nineteenth year, Tian He, the great-grandson of Tian Chang, began to be a feudal lord, and moved Duke Kang to the seashore.
79
二十六年，康公卒，呂氏遂絕其祀。 田氏卒有齊國，為齊威王，彊於天下。
In the twenty-sixth year, Duke Kang died, and the Lü clan then extinguished his sacrifices. The Tian clan finally possessed the state of Qi, became King Wei of Qi, and was strong in the world.
80
太史公曰：吾適齊，自泰山屬之瑯邪，北被于海，膏壤二千里，其民闊達多匿知，其天性也。 以太公之聖，建國本，桓公之盛，修善政，以為諸侯會盟，稱伯，不亦宜乎？ 洋洋哉，固大國之風也！
The Grand Scribe said: 'I went to Qi, from Mount Tai connected to Langya, north covered by the sea, fertile soil for two thousand li. Its people were broad-minded and much hidden knowledge, and this was its natural nature.' 'With the wisdom of the Grand Duke, he established the foundation of the state. With the flourishing of Duke Huan, he repaired good government, and became the assembly and alliance of the feudal lords, and was called hegemon. Is this not also fitting?' 'How broad! Indeed, it is the wind of a great state!'