1
周公旦者，周武王弟也。 自文王在時，旦為子孝，篤仁，異於群子。 及武王即位，旦常輔翼武王，用事居多。 武王九年，東伐至盟津，周公輔行。 十一年，伐紂，至牧野，周公佐武王，作牧誓。 破殷，入商宮。 已殺紂，周公把大鉞，召公把小鉞，以夾武王，釁社，告紂之罪于天，及殷民。 釋箕子之囚。 封紂子武庚祿父，使管叔、蔡叔傅之，以續殷祀。 遍封功臣同姓戚者。 封周公旦於少昊之虛曲阜，是為魯公。 周公不就封，留佐武王。
The Duke of Zhou, Dan, was the younger brother of King Wu of Zhou. Even during King Wen’s lifetime, Dan was notably filial and sincerely benevolent, unlike the other sons. After King Wu ascended the throne, Dan constantly assisted and protected him and handled most of the affairs of state. In King Wu’s ninth year, during the eastern campaign that reached Mengjin, the Duke of Zhou accompanied the army. In the eleventh year, they attacked King Zhou and reached Muye. The Duke of Zhou assisted King Wu and composed the Oath of Mu. They defeated Yin and entered the Shang palace. After King Zhou was killed, the Duke of Zhou held the great axe and Duke Shao held the small axe, flanking King Wu. They smeared blood on the altar and proclaimed Zhou’s crimes before heaven and the people of Yin. They released Jizi from prison. They enfeoffed King Zhou’s son Wu Geng Lufu and made Guan Shu and Cai Shu tutor him, so that the sacrifices of Yin could continue. They broadly enfeoffed meritorious officials and kinsmen of the same surname. They enfeoffed the Duke of Zhou Dan at Qufu, the former site of Shaohao. This became the state of Lu. The Duke of Zhou did not go to his fief but remained to assist King Wu.
2
武王克殷二年，天下未集，武王有疾，不豫，群臣懼，太公、召公乃繆卜。 周公曰：「未可以戚我先王。」 周公於是乃自以為質，設三壇，周公北面立，戴璧秉圭，告于太王、王季、文王。 史策祝曰：「惟爾元孫王發，勤勞阻疾。 若爾三王是有負子之責於天，以旦代王發之身。 旦巧能，多材多藝，能事鬼神。 乃王發不如旦多材多藝，不能事鬼神。 乃命于帝庭，敷佑四方，用能定汝子孫于下地，四方之民罔不敬畏。 無墜天之降葆命，我先王亦永有所依歸。 今我其即命於元龜，爾之許我，我以其璧與圭歸，以俟爾命。 爾不許我，我乃屏璧與圭。」 周公已令史策告太王、王季、文王，欲代武王發，於是乃即三王而卜。 卜人皆曰吉，發書視之，信吉。 周公喜，開籥，乃見書遇吉。 周公入賀武王曰：「王其無害。 旦新受命三王，維長終是圖。 茲道能念予一人。」 周公藏其策金縢匱中，誡守者勿敢言。 明日，武王有瘳。
In the second year after King Wu conquered Yin, the realm was not yet settled. King Wu fell ill and was uneasy, and the ministers were afraid, so the Grand Duke and Duke Shao performed a provisional divination. The Duke of Zhou said, “We must not yet trouble our former kings.” He therefore offered himself as a pledge, set up three altars, stood facing north, wore the jade disk, held the jade tablet, and addressed King Tai, King Ji, and King Wen. The scribe’s prayer read: “Your eldest grandson, King Fa, is exhausted by illness and hardship. If you three kings bear responsibility for your son before Heaven, let Dan replace the body of King Fa. Dan is skillful and capable, with many talents and arts, and can serve the spirits. King Fa is not as gifted as Dan in talents and arts, and cannot serve the spirits. Heaven then gave him command in the divine court, spreading aid to the four directions, so that he could settle your descendants upon the earth below. The people of the four directions all revere and fear him. Do not let Heaven’s descended protective mandate fall away; may our former kings also forever have something to rely upon and return to. Now I shall consult the great turtle. If you grant my request, I will return with the disk and tablet to await your command. If you do not grant my request, I shall put aside the disk and tablet.” The Duke of Zhou had already ordered the scribe’s document to report to Kings Tai, Ji, and Wen that he wished to substitute for King Fa; he then approached the three kings and divined. The diviners all said it was auspicious. They opened the written charge and examined it; it was indeed auspicious. The Duke of Zhou was pleased. He opened the chest and saw that the written charge had met with an auspicious response. The Duke of Zhou went in to congratulate King Wu, saying, “Your Majesty will suffer no harm. Dan has newly received the mandate from the three kings—I only plan for long-lasting completion. Only in this way can you think of me alone.” The Duke of Zhou hid the document in a gold-wrapped chest and warned the guards not to dare speak of it. The next day, King Wu recovered.
3
其後武王既崩，成王少，在彊葆之中。 周公恐天下聞武王崩而畔，周公乃踐阼代成王攝行政當國。 管叔及其群弟流言於國曰：「周公將不利於成王。」 周公乃告太公望、召公奭曰：「我之所以弗辟而攝行政者，恐天下畔周，無以告我先王太王、王季、文王。 三王之憂勞天下久矣，於今而后成。 武王蚤終，成王少，將以成周，我所以為之若此。」 於是卒相成王，而使其子伯禽代就封於魯。 周公戒伯禽曰：「我文王之子，武王之弟，成王之叔父，我於天下亦不賤矣。 然我一沐三捉發，一飯三吐哺，起以待士，猶恐失天下之賢人。 子之魯，慎無以國驕人。」
After this King Wu died; King Cheng was young and still in swaddling clothes. The Duke of Zhou feared that when the world heard King Wu had died it would rebel; he therefore stepped onto the throne to substitute for King Cheng, administering the government and governing the state. Guan Shu and his group of younger brothers spread rumors in the state, saying: “The Duke of Zhou will be harmful to King Cheng.” The Duke of Zhou then told the Grand Duke Wang of Tai and Duke Shi of Shao: “The reason I did not withdraw but administered the government is that I feared the world would rebel against Zhou and I would have nothing to report to our former kings Tai, Ji, and Wen. The three kings worried and toiled for the world a long time; only now has it been accomplished. King Wu died early; King Cheng is young. I act to complete Zhou—this is why I have done as I have.” He therefore finally assisted King Cheng and sent his son Bo Qin to go in his stead to his enfeoffment at Lu. The Duke of Zhou admonished Bo Qin, saying: “I am the son of King Wen, the younger brother of King Wu, and the uncle of King Cheng. In the world I am not base. Yet I, in one bath, thrice released my hair; in one meal, thrice spat out my food, rising to receive scholars—still fearing to lose the worthy men of the world. When you go to Lu, take care not to be arrogant toward others because of your state.”
4
管、蔡、武庚等果率淮夷而反。 周公乃奉成王命，興師東伐，作大誥。 遂誅管叔，殺武庚，放蔡叔。 收殷餘民，以封康叔於衛，封微子於宋，以奉殷祀。 寧淮夷東土，二年而畢定。 諸侯咸服宗周。
Guan, Cai, Wu Geng, and the others indeed led the Huai Yi in rebellion. The Duke of Zhou then received King Cheng’s command, raised an army and attacked east, and composed the Great Announcement. He then executed Guan Shu, killed Wu Geng, and exiled Cai Shu. He gathered the remaining people of Yin, enfeoffed Kang Shu at Wei and Wei Zi at Song, to continue the sacrifices of Yin. He pacified the Huai Yi and the eastern lands; in two years all was completely settled. The feudal lords all submitted and revered Zhou.
5
天降祉福，唐叔得禾，異母同穎，獻之成王，成王命唐叔以餽周公於東土，作餽禾。 周公既受命禾，嘉天子命，作嘉禾。 東土以集，周公歸報成王，乃為詩貽王，命之曰鴟鸮。 王亦未敢訓周公。
Heaven sent down blessings: Tang Shu obtained grain with different stalks but identical ears. He presented it to King Cheng, and King Cheng ordered Tang Shu to present it to the Duke of Zhou in the eastern lands and composed the Presentation of Grain. After the Duke of Zhou had received the grain by command, he praised the Son of Heaven’s command and composed the Praising of Grain. When the eastern lands were settled, the Duke of Zhou returned to report to King Cheng. He then made a poem and presented it to the king, naming it “The Owl.” The king also did not yet dare to admonish the Duke of Zhou.
6
成王七年二月乙未，王朝步自周，至豐，使太保召公先之雒相土。 其三月，周公往營成周雒邑，卜居焉，曰吉，遂國之。
In King Cheng’s seventh year, in the second month on the day yiwei, the king’s court walked from Zhou to Feng and sent the Grand Protector Duke of Shao ahead to Luo to survey the land. In the third month the Duke of Zhou went to build Chengzhou at Luoyi, divined for a residence there, declared it auspicious, and established the capital there.
7
成王長，能聽政。 於是周公乃還政於成王，成王臨朝。 周公之代成王治，南面倍依以朝諸侯。 及七年後，還政成王，北面就臣位，匔匔如畏然。
King Cheng grew up and was able to listen to government. The Duke of Zhou then returned the government to King Cheng, and King Cheng approached the court. When the Duke of Zhou substituted for King Cheng in governing, he faced south and leaned on the armrest to receive the feudal lords. Seven years later he returned the government to King Cheng, faced north and took his place as minister, trembling as if in fear.
8
初，成王少時，病，周公乃自揃其蚤沈之河，以祝於神曰：「王少未有識，奸神命者乃旦也。」 亦藏其策於府。 成王病有瘳。 及成王用事，人或譖周公，周公奔楚。 成王發府，見周公禱書，乃泣，反周公。
At first, when King Cheng was young and fell ill, the Duke of Zhou cut off his own fingernails and sank them in the river, praying to the spirits: “The king is young and without understanding; if anyone has violated the spirits’ command, let it be Dan.” He also hid the document in the treasury. King Cheng’s illness had a recovery. When King Cheng took charge of affairs, someone slandered the Duke of Zhou, and the Duke of Zhou fled to Chu. King Cheng opened the treasury, saw the Duke of Zhou’s prayer document, wept, and recalled the Duke of Zhou.
9
周公歸，恐成王壯，治有所淫佚，乃作多士，作毋逸。 毋逸稱：「為人父母，為業至長久，子孫驕奢忘之，以亡其家，為人子可不慎乎！ 笔昔在殷王中宗，嚴恭敬畏天命，自度治民，震懼不敢荒寧，故中宗饗國七十五年。 其在高宗，久勞于外，為與小人，作其即位，乃有亮闇，三年不言，言乃讙，不敢荒寧，密靖殷國，至于小大無怨，故高宗饗國五十五年。 其在祖甲，不義惟王，久為小人于外，知小人之依，能保施小民，不侮寡，故祖甲饗國三十三年。」 多士稱曰：「自湯至于帝乙，無不率祀明德，帝無不配天者。 在今後嗣王紂，誕淫厥佚，不顧天及民之從也。 其民皆可誅。」 （周多士）「文王日中昃不暇食，饗國五十年。」 作此以誡成王。
When the Duke of Zhou returned, fearing that when King Cheng matured his governance might become dissolute, he composed the Many Officers and composed the Do Not Indulge. The Wu Yi says: “For fathers and mothers, the enterprise they create should endure for the longest time. If descendants become arrogant and extravagant, forget this, and thereby destroy their houses, how can those who are sons fail to be cautious! In the past, King Zhongzong of Yin was strict, respectful, and in awe of Heaven’s mandate. He measured himself in governing the people, trembled in fear, and did not dare lapse into idleness or ease; therefore Zhongzong enjoyed the state for seventy-five years. In the case of Gaozong, he toiled long abroad, living among common people. When he ascended the throne, he observed the period of silent mourning: for three years he did not speak, and when he did speak, all rejoiced. He did not dare lapse into idleness or ease, and he quietly pacified the state of Yin until great and small alike had no complaint; therefore Gaozong enjoyed the state for fifty-five years. In the case of Zujia, he did not consider it right merely to be king, and he lived for a long time abroad among common people. He knew what common people depended on, was able to protect and benefit them, and did not slight the orphaned; therefore Zujia enjoyed the state for thirty-three years.” The text Many Officers states: “From Tang down to Di Yi, none failed to follow sacrifices and illuminate virtue; no emperor failed to match Heaven. But now the successor king Zhou is greatly licentious in his dissipation, heedless of Heaven and of what the people will follow. His people may all be executed.” The Zhou text Many Officers says: “King Wen, from noon until the sun declined, had no leisure to eat; he enjoyed the state fifty years.” He composed this to admonish King Cheng.
10
成王在豐，天下已安，周之官政未次序，於是周公作周官，官別其宜，作立政，以便百姓。 百姓說。
King Cheng was at Feng; the world was already at peace, but Zhou’s official administration was not yet in order. The Duke of Zhou therefore composed the Zhou Officials, distinguishing the proper functions of offices, and composed Establishing Government to benefit the common people. The common people were pleased.
11
周公在豐，病，將沒，曰：「必葬我成周，以明吾不敢離成王。」 周公既卒，成王亦讓，葬周公於畢，從文王，以明予小子不敢臣周公也。
The Duke of Zhou was at Feng, ill and about to die. He said: “You must bury me at Chengzhou, to show that I did not dare separate from King Cheng.” After the Duke of Zhou died, King Cheng also deferred; he buried the Duke of Zhou at Bi, alongside King Wen, to show that he, the young king, did not dare treat the Duke of Zhou as his minister.
12
周公卒後，秋未穫，暴風雷［雨］，禾盡偃，大木盡拔。 周國大恐。 成王與大夫朝服以開金縢書，王乃得周公所自以為功代武王之說。 二公及王乃問史百執事，史百執事曰：「信有，昔周公命我勿敢言。」 成王執書以泣，曰：「自今後其無繆卜乎！ 昔周公勤勞王家，惟予幼人弗及知。 今天動威以彰周公之德，惟朕小子其迎，我國家禮亦宜之。」 王出郊，天乃雨，反風，禾盡起。 二公命國人，凡大木所偃，盡起而筑之。 歲則大孰。 於是成王乃命魯得郊祭文王。 魯有天子禮樂者，以褒周公之德也。
After the Duke of Zhou died, in autumn before the harvest, violent wind, thunder, and rain came; the grain all lay flat and great trees were all uprooted. The Zhou state was greatly afraid. King Cheng, with the grand officers in court robes, opened the gold-wrapped document and obtained the Duke of Zhou’s account of offering himself in place of King Wu. The two dukes and the king then questioned the scribes and all the officials. The scribes and officials said: “It is truly so; in the past the Duke of Zhou commanded us not to dare speak.” King Cheng held the document and wept, saying: “From now on there shall be no false divinations! In the past the Duke of Zhou toiled diligently for the royal house—only I, the young one, failed to understand. Now Heaven has moved its power to manifest the Duke of Zhou’s virtue; only I, the young one, shall go to welcome him. Our state’s rites also make this appropriate.” The king went out to the suburbs; Heaven then rained, the wind reversed, and the grain all stood up again. The two dukes commanded the people of the state: for every great tree that lay flat, all were raised up and buttressed. That year there was a great harvest. King Cheng then commanded that Lu might perform the suburban sacrifice to King Wen. That Lu had the rites and music of the Son of Heaven was to honor the Duke of Zhou’s virtue.
13
周公卒，子伯禽固已前受封，是為魯公。 魯公伯禽之初受封之魯，三年而後報政周公。 周公曰：「何遲也？」 伯禽曰：「變其俗，革其禮，喪三年然後除之，故遲。」 太公亦封於齊，五月而報政周公。 周公曰：「何疾也？」 曰：「吾簡其君臣禮，從其俗為也。」 及後聞伯禽報政遲，乃嘆曰：「嗚呼，魯後世其北面事齊矣！ 夫政不簡不易，民不有近； 平易近民，民必歸之。」
When the Duke of Zhou died, his son Bo Qin had already received enfeoffment earlier; this was Duke of Lu. When Duke of Lu Bo Qin first received enfeoffment and went to Lu, three years passed before he reported on governance to the Duke of Zhou. The Duke of Zhou said: “Why so late?” Bo Qin said: “I changed their customs and reformed their rites; mourning lasted three years before it was removed—therefore it was late.” The Grand Duke was also enfeoffed at Qi; in five months he reported on governance to the Duke of Zhou. The Duke of Zhou said: “Why so fast?” He said: “I simplified their rites between ruler and ministers and followed their customs in doing so.” Later, when he heard that Bo Qin’s report on governance was late, he sighed and said: “Alas! In later generations Lu will face north and serve Qi! If governance is not simple and easy, the people will not draw near; if it is level and easy and draws the people near, the people will certainly turn to it.”
14
伯禽即位之後，有管、蔡等反也，淮夷、徐戎亦并興反。 於是伯禽率師伐之於肸，作肸誓，曰：「陳爾甲胄，無敢不善。 無敢傷牿。 馬牛其風，臣妾逋逃，勿敢越逐，敬復之。 無敢寇攘，踰墻垣。 魯人三郊三隧，峙爾芻茭、糗糧、楨榦，無敢不逮。 我甲戌筑而征徐戎，無敢不及，有大刑。」 作此肸誓，遂平徐戎，定魯。
After Bo Qin ascended the throne, Guan, Cai, and others rebelled; the Huai Yi and Xu Rong also together rose in rebellion. Bo Qin therefore led troops and attacked them at Fei, composed the Fei Oath, and said: “Array your armor and helmets—let none dare be ill-prepared. Let none dare harm penned livestock. If horses and oxen run wild, or male and female servants flee, do not dare cross borders in pursuit—respectfully return them. Let none dare plunder or seize or cross walls and ramparts. The people of Lu, at the three suburbs and three passes, shall prepare your fodder, dried provisions, and bridge timbers—let none dare fail to arrive. On the day jiaxu I shall build fortifications and campaign against the Xu Rong—let none dare fail to arrive, on pain of great punishment.” Having composed this Fei Oath, he then pacified the Xu Rong and settled Lu.
15
魯公伯禽卒，子考公酋立。 考公四年卒，立弟熙，是謂煬公。 煬公筑茅闕門。 六年卒，子幽公宰立。 幽公十四年。 幽公弟沸殺幽公而自立，是為魏公。 魏公五十年卒，子厲公擢立。 厲公三十七年卒，魯人立其弟具，是為獻公。 獻公三十二年卒，子真公濞立。
Duke of Lu Bo Qin died; his son Duke Kao Qiu succeeded. Duke Kao died in his fourth year; his younger brother Xi was established—this is Duke Yang. Duke Yang built the thatched tower gate. In the sixth year he died; his son Duke You Zai succeeded. In the fourteenth year of Duke You. The younger brother of Duke You, Fei, killed Duke You and established himself—this was Duke Wei. Duke Wei died in his fiftieth year; his son Duke Li Zhuo succeeded. Duke Li died in his thirty-seventh year; the people of Lu established his younger brother Ju—this was Duke Xian. Duke Xian died in his thirty-second year; his son Duke Zhen Pi succeeded.
16
真公十四年，周厲王無道，出奔彘，共和行政。 二十九年，周宣王即位。
In Duke Zhen’s fourteenth year King Li of Zhou was without the Way, fled to Zhi, and Gong He administered the government. In the twenty-ninth year, King Xuan of Zhou ascended the throne.
17
三十年，真公卒，弟敖立，是為武公。
In the thirtieth year Duke Zhen died; his younger brother Ao was established—this was Duke Wu.
18
武公九年春，武公與長子括，少子戲，西朝周宣王。 宣王愛戲，欲立戲為魯太子。 周之樊仲山父諫宣王曰：「廢長立少，不順； 不順，必犯王命； 犯王命，必誅之：故出令不可不順也。 令之不行，政之不立； 行而不順，民將棄上。 夫下事上，少事長，所以為順。 今天子建諸侯，立其少，是教民逆也。 若魯從之，諸侯效之，王命將有所壅； 若弗從而誅之，是自誅王命也。 誅之亦失，不誅亦失，王其圖之。」 宣王弗聽，卒立戲為魯太子。 夏，武公歸而卒，戲立，是為懿公。
In Duke Wu's ninth year, in the spring, Duke Wu together with his eldest son Kuo and youngest son Xi, went west to court King Xuan of Zhou. King Xuan loved Xi and wished to establish Xi as Lu's crown prince. Fan Zhong Shan Fu of Zhou admonished King Xuan, saying: 'To set aside the eldest and establish the youngest is contrary to order; what is contrary to order will surely violate the king's command; what violates the king's command must be punished; therefore commands must not be issued contrary to order. If commands are not carried out, government cannot stand; and if they are carried out but are contrary to order, the people will abandon those above. Indeed, the lower serving the higher, the younger serving the elder, this is what makes for order. Now the Son of Heaven establishes feudal lords, setting up their youngest, this teaches the people to be contrary. If Lu follows this, the feudal lords will imitate it, the king's commands will be obstructed; If Lu does not follow the command, and you punish it, this is to punish your own royal command. Punishing it would be wrong, and not punishing it would also be wrong. Your Majesty should consider the matter.” King Xuan did not listen, and in the end established Xi as Lu's crown prince. In the summer, Duke Wu returned and died. Xi ascended. This was the Duke Yi.
19
懿公九年，懿公兄括之子伯御與魯人攻弒懿公，而立伯御為君。 伯御即位十一年，周宣王伐魯，殺其君伯御，而問魯公子能道順諸侯者，以為魯後。 樊穆仲曰：「魯懿公弟稱，肅恭明神，敬事耆老； 賦事行刑，必問於遺訓而咨於固實； 不干所問，不犯所（知）［咨］。」 宣王曰：「然，能訓治其民矣。」 乃立稱於夷宮，是為孝公。 自是後，諸侯多畔王命。
In Duke Yi's ninth year, Duke Yi's elder brother Kuo's son Bo Yu, together with the people of Lu, attacked and assassinated Duke Yi, and established Bo Yu as ruler. Bo Yu took the throne for eleven years. King Xuan of Zhou attacked Lu, killed its ruler Bo Yu, and inquired among the Lu nobles who could guide and harmonize the feudal lords, to make him Lu's successor. Fan Mu Zhong said: 'Duke Yi of Lu's younger brother Cheng is solemn and respectful, enlightened about the spirits, respectful in serving the elders; In assigning duties and administering punishments, he certainly consults the ancestral teachings and seeks advice from established precedents; He does not interfere in matters that have been asked about, and does not overstep in matters on which he has been consulted.' King Xuan said: 'Yes, he can instruct and govern his people.' He then established Cheng in the Yi Palace. This was Duke Xiao. From this time afterward, the feudal lords frequently rebelled against the king's commands.
20
孝公二十五年，諸侯畔周，犬戎殺幽王。 秦始列為諸侯。
In Duke Xiao's twenty-fifth year, the feudal lords rebelled against Zhou, and the Quan Rong killed King You. Qin began to be ranked as a feudal lord.
21
二十七年，孝公卒，子弗湟立，是為惠公。
In his twenty-seventh year, Duke Xiao died. His son Fu Huang ascended the throne. This was Duke Hui.
22
惠公三十年，晉人弒其君昭侯。 四十五年，晉人又弒其君孝侯。
In Duke Hui's thirtieth year, the Jin people assassinated their ruler Duke Zhao. In his forty-fifth year, the Jin people again assassinated their ruler Duke Xiao.
23
四十六年，惠公卒，長庶子息攝當國，行君事，是為隱公。 初，惠公適夫人無子，公賤妾聲子生子息。 息長，為娶於宋。 宋女至而好，惠公奪而自妻之。 生子允。 登宋女為夫人，以允為太子。 及惠公卒，為允少故，魯人共令息攝政，不言即位。
In his forty-sixth year, Duke Hui died. His eldest son by a concubine Xi acted as regent and conducted the ruler's affairs. This was Duke Yin. Initially, Duke Hui's proper wife had no sons. The duke's lowly concubine Sheng Zi gave birth to a son Xi. When Xi grew up, he took a wife from Song. The Song woman arrived and was beautiful. Duke Hui took her and made her his own wife. She gave birth to a son Yun. He elevated the Song woman to be his wife, making Yun the crown prince. When Duke Hui died, because Yun was young, the people of Lu together asked Xi to act as regent, without declaring that he had ascended the throne.
24
隱公五年，觀漁於棠。 八年，與鄭易天子之太山之邑祊及許田，君子譏之。
In Duke Yin's fifth year, he observed the fishing at Tang. In his eighth year, he exchanged with Zheng the king's Tai Mountain town of Beng and Xu Fields. The noble men criticized it.
25
十一年冬，公子揮諂謂隱公曰：「百姓便君，君其遂立。 吾請為君殺子允，君以我為相。」 隱公曰：「有先君命。 吾為允少，故攝代。 今允長矣，吾方營菟裘之地而老焉，以授子允政。」 揮懼子允聞而反誅之，乃反譖隱公於子允曰：「隱公欲遂立，去子，子其圖之。 請為子殺隱公。」 子允許諾。 十一月，隱公祭鐘巫，齊于社圃，館于蒍氏。 揮使人殺隱公于蒍氏，而立子允為君，是為桓公。
In his eleventh year, in winter, Prince Hui flattered Duke Yin, saying: 'The common people find you suitable, my lord. You should take the throne. I beg to kill Prince Yun for you, my lord. Make me your chancellor.' Duke Yin said: 'There is the previous lord's command. I acted as regent because Yun was young. Now Yun has grown up. I am preparing the Tu Qiu lands to grow old there, handing over governance to Prince Yun.' Hui feared that Yun would hear and turn to punish him, so instead he slandered Duke Yin to Yun, saying: 'Duke Yin wishes to take the throne permanently, removing you. You should plan for it. Allow me to kill Duke Yin on your behalf.” Prince Yun agreed. In the eleventh month, Duke Yin sacrificed to the Bell Spirit, purified himself at the She Orchard, and lodged at the Kuai family. Hui sent someone to kill Duke Yin at the Kuai family, and established Prince Yun as ruler. This was Duke Huan.
26
桓公元年，鄭以璧易天子之許田。 二年，以宋之賂鼎入於太廟，君子譏之。
In Duke Huan's first year, Zheng exchanged a jade disk for the king's Xu Fields. In his second year, he brought the bribe tripod from Song into the Grand Temple. The noble men criticized it.
27
三年，使揮迎婦于齊為夫人。 六年，夫人生子，與桓公同日，故名曰同。 同長，為太子。
In his third year, he sent Hui to welcome a wife from Qi to be his consort. In his sixth year, the consort gave birth to a son on the same day as Duke Huan, therefore he was named Tong. When Tong grew up, he became the crown prince.
28
十六年，會于曹，伐鄭，入厲公。
In his sixteenth year, he met at Cao, attacked Zheng, and restored Duke Li.
29
十八年春，公將有行，遂與夫人如齊。 申繻諫止，公不聽，遂如齊。 齊襄公通桓公夫人。 公怒夫人，夫人以告齊侯。 夏四月丙子，齊襄公饗公，公醉，使公子彭生抱魯桓公，因命彭生摺其脅，公死于車。 魯人告于齊曰：「寡君畏君之威，不敢寧居，來修好禮。 禮成而不反，無所歸咎，請得彭生除丑於諸侯。」 齊人殺彭生以說魯。 立太子同，是為莊公。 莊公母夫人因留齊，不敢歸魯。
In his eighteenth year, in spring, the duke was about to travel, and so went with his consort to Qi. Shen Xu advised against it, but the duke did not listen, and so went to Qi. Duke Xiang of Qi had illicit relations with Duke Huan's consort. The duke became angry with his consort. The consort told Duke Xiang of Qi. In summer, the fourth month, on the bingzi day, Duke Xiang of Qi feasted the duke. The duke became drunk, so he had Prince Peng Sheng embrace Duke Huan of Lu, and then commanded Peng Sheng to break his ribs. The duke died in the carriage. The people of Lu informed Qi, saying: 'Our humble ruler feared your lordship's might, dared not rest peacefully at home, and came to renew friendly rites. The rites were completed, but he did not return. There is nowhere else to place the blame. We ask to receive Peng Sheng so that the disgrace may be removed before the feudal lords.' The people of Qi killed Peng Sheng to appease Lu. They established the crown prince Tong. This was Duke Zhuang. Duke Zhuang's mother, the consort, consequently remained in Qi, not daring to return to Lu.
30
莊公五年冬，伐衛，內衛惠公。
In Duke Zhuang's fifth year, in winter, he attacked Wei, restoring Duke Hui of Wei.
31
八年，齊公子糾來奔。 九年，魯欲內子糾於齊，後桓公，桓公發兵擊魯，魯急，殺子糾。 召忽死。 齊告魯生致管仲。 魯人施伯曰：「齊欲得管仲，非殺之也，將用之，用之則為魯患。 不如殺，以其尸與之。」 莊公不聽，遂囚管仲與齊。 齊人相管仲。
In his eighth year, Prince Jiu of Qi fled here. In his ninth year, Lu wished to send Prince Jiu into Qi, after the time of Duke Huan. Duke Huan dispatched troops to attack Lu. Lu was distressed and killed Prince Jiu. Zhao Hu died. Qi informed Lu to deliver Guan Zhong alive. The Lu man Shi Bo said: 'Qi wants Guan Zhong not to kill him, but to employ him. If they employ him, he will become a danger to Lu. It would be better to kill him and give his corpse to them.' Duke Zhuang did not listen, and so imprisoned Guan Zhong and gave him to Qi. The people of Qi made Guan Zhong their chancellor.
32
十三年，魯莊公與曹沬會齊桓公於柯，曹沬劫齊桓公，求魯侵地，已盟而釋桓公。 桓公欲背約，管仲諫，卒歸魯侵地。 十五年，齊桓公始霸。 二十三年，莊公如齊觀社。
In his thirteenth year, Duke Zhuang of Lu and Cao Gui met Duke Huan of Qi at Ke. Cao Gui abducted Duke Huan of Qi, demanding Lu's invaded territory. After making the covenant, he released Duke Huan. Duke Huan wished to break the covenant. Guan Zhong advised against it. In the end they returned Lu's invaded territory. In his fifteenth year, Duke Huan of Qi first became hegemon. In his twenty-third year, Duke Zhuang went to Qi to observe the suburban sacrifice.
33
三十二年，初，莊公筑臺臨黨氏，見孟女，說而愛之，許立為夫人，割臂以盟。 孟女生子斑。 斑長，說梁氏女，往觀。 圉人犖自墻外與梁氏女戲。 斑怒，鞭犖。 莊公聞之，曰：「犖有力焉，遂殺之，是未可鞭而置也。」 斑未得殺。 會莊公有疾。 莊公有三弟，長曰慶父，次曰叔牙，次曰季友。 莊公取齊女為夫人曰哀姜。 哀姜無子。 哀姜娣曰叔姜，生子開。 莊公無適嗣，愛孟女，欲立其子斑。 莊公病，而問嗣於弟叔牙。 叔牙曰：「一繼一及，魯之常也。 慶父在，可為嗣，君何憂？」 莊公患叔牙欲立慶父，退而問季友。 季友曰：「請以死立斑也。」 莊公曰：「曩者叔牙欲立慶父，柰何？」 季友以莊公命命牙待於鍼巫氏，使鍼季劫飲叔牙以鴆，曰：「飲此則有後奉祀； 不然，死且無後。」 牙遂飲鴆而死，魯立其子為叔孫氏。 八月癸亥，莊公卒，季友竟立子斑為君，如莊公命。 侍喪，舍于黨氏。
In his thirty-second year, initially, Duke Zhuang built a tower overlooking the Dang family, saw the Meng woman, was pleased and loved her, promised to establish her as his consort, cut his arm to make covenant. The Meng woman gave birth to a son Ban. Ban grew up, was pleased with the Liang family woman, went to observe her. The stableman Luo from outside the wall flirted with the Liang family woman. Ban was angry, whipped Luo. Duke Zhuang heard of it and said: 'Luo has the strength. You should then kill him. This is not a person who can be whipped and set aside.' Ban had not yet been able to kill him. It happened that Duke Zhuang fell ill. Duke Zhuang had three younger brothers: the eldest called Qing Fu, the middle called Shu Ya, the youngest called jiyou. Duke Zhuang took a Qi woman as his consort, named Ai Jiang. Ai Jiang had no sons. Ai Jiang's younger sister called Shu Jiang gave birth to a son Kai. Duke Zhuang had no proper heir, loved the Meng woman, wished to establish her son Ban. Duke Zhuang fell ill, and consulted his younger brother Shu Ya about the succession. Shu Ya said: 'Succession by son and succession by brother have both been Lu's regular practice. Qing Fu is available and can be made successor. Why does my lord worry?' Duke Zhuang was concerned that Shu Ya wished to establish Qing Fu as the successor, so he withdrew and consulted jiyou. jiyou said, “I ask to die in order to establish Ban.” Duke Zhuang said: 'Formerly Shu Ya wished to establish Qing Fu as the successor. What should we do?' jiyou, by Duke Zhuang's command, ordered Ya to wait at the Zhen Wu family, had Zhen Ji force Shu Ya to drink poison, saying: 'Drink this, and you will have descendants to continue the sacrifices; If not, you will die and have no descendants.” Ya then drank the poison and died. Lu established his son as the Shusun clan. In the eighth month, on the guihai day, Duke Zhuang died. jiyou finally established Prince Ban as ruler, as Duke Zhuang commanded. Attending the mourning, he lodged at the Dang family.
34
先時慶父與哀姜私通，欲立哀姜娣子開。 及莊公卒而季友立斑，十月己未，慶父使圉人犖殺魯公子斑於黨氏。 季友奔陳。 慶父竟立莊公子開，是為湣公。
Previously Qing Fu had illicit relations with Ai Jiang, wishing to establish the son of Ai Jiang's younger sister, Kai. When Duke Zhuang died and jiyou established Ban, in the tenth month, on the jisi day, Qing Fu had the groom Luo kill Lu's Prince Ban at the Dang family. jiyou fled to Chen. Qing Fu ultimately established Duke Zhuang's son Kai. This was Duke Min.
35
湣公二年，慶父與哀姜通益甚。 哀姜與慶父謀殺湣公而立慶父。 慶父使卜齮襲殺湣公於武闈。 季友聞之，自陳與湣公弟申如邾，請魯求內之。 魯人欲誅慶父。 慶父恐，奔莒。 於是季友奉子申入，立之，是為釐公。 釐公亦莊公少子。 哀姜恐，奔邾。 季友以賂如莒求慶父，慶父歸，使人殺慶父，慶父請奔，弗聽，乃使大夫奚斯行哭而往。 慶父聞奚斯音，乃自殺。 齊桓公聞哀姜與慶父亂以危魯，及召之邾而殺之，以其尸歸，戮之魯。 魯釐公請而葬之。
In Duke Min's second year, Qing Fu's relations with Ai Jiang became increasingly intimate. Ai Jiang and Qing Fu plotted to kill Duke Min and establish Qing Fu. Qing Fu had Bo Xi ambush and kill Duke Min at the Wu Gate. jiyou heard of it. From Chen, together with the younger brother of Duke Min, Shen, he went to Zhu, requesting that Lu invite him back. The people of Lu wished to execute Qing Fu. Qing Fu feared and fled to Ju. Ji You then escorted Zi Shen in and established him as the ruler. This was Duke Xi. Duke Xi was also Duke Zhuang's youngest son. Ai Jiang feared and fled to Zhu. jiyou went to Ju with bribes to seek Qing Fu. Qing Fu returned. He sent someone to kill Qing Fu. Qing Fu requested to flee but was not permitted. He then had the grandee Xi Si go weeping to him. Qing Fu heard Xi Si's voice and committed suicide. Duke Huan of Qi heard that Ai Jiang and Qing Fu had created disorder and endangered Lu. He summoned her to Zhu and killed her, then returned with her corpse and displayed it in the state of Lu. Duke Xi of Lu requested and buried her.
36
季友母陳女，故亡在陳，陳故佐送季友及子申。 季友之將生也，父魯桓公使人卜之，曰：「男也，其名曰『友』，閒于兩社，為公室輔。 季友亡，則魯不昌。」 及生，有文在掌曰「友」，遂以名之，號為成季。 其後為季氏，慶父後為孟氏也。
The mother of jiyou was a woman of Chen. Therefore, he had fled to Chen. Chen had assisted in escorting jiyou and Zi Shen. When jiyou was about to be born, his father Duke Huan of Lu had someone divine about it, saying: "It is a boy. His name shall be 'You'. He will mediate between the two altars, becoming an auxiliary to the ducal house. If jiyou should perish, then Lu will not prosper." When he was born, there was writing on the palm of his hand saying "You". He was thus named accordingly and called Cheng Ji. His descendants became the Ji clan. Qing Fu's descendants became the Meng clan.
37
釐公元年，以汶陽鄪封季友。 季友為相。
In Duke Xi's first year, he enfeoffed jiyou with Bi in Wen Yang. jiyou became prime minister.
38
九年，晉裏克殺其君奚齊、卓子。 齊桓公率釐公討晉亂，至高梁而還，立晉惠公。 十七年，齊桓公卒。 二十四年，晉文公即位。
In the ninth year, Jin's Li Ke assassinated his rulers Xi Qi and Zhuo Zi. Duke Huan of Qi led Duke Xi to punish the Jin disorder. They reached Gao Liang and returned, establishing Duke Hui of Jin. In the seventeenth year, Duke Huan of Qi died. In the twenty-fourth year, Duke Wen of Jin took the throne.
39
三十三年，釐公卒，子興立，是為文公。
In the thirty-third year, Duke Xi died. His son Xing succeeded him. This was Duke Wen.
40
文公元年，楚太子商臣弒其父成王，代立。 三年，文公朝晉襄父。
In Duke Wen's first year, Chu's heir apparent Shang Chen assassinated his father King Cheng and took the throne. In the third year, Duke Wen paid court to Jin's Xiang Fu.
41
十一年十月甲午，魯敗翟于咸，獲長翟喬如，富父終甥舂其喉，以戈殺之，埋其首於子駒之門，以命宣伯。
In the eleventh year, in the tenth month, on the jiawu day, Lu defeated the Di at Xian, capturing the Chang Di Qiao Ru. Fu Fu Zhong Sheng pounded his throat with a spear and killed him, burying his head at Zi Ju's gate, thereby appointing Xuan Bo.
42
初，宋武公之世，鄋瞞伐宋，司徒皇父帥師御之，以敗翟于長丘，獲長翟緣斯。 晉之滅路，獲喬如弟棼如。 齊惠公二年，鄋瞞伐齊，齊王子城父獲其弟榮如，埋其首於北門。 衛人獲其季弟簡如。 鄋瞞由是遂亡。
Previously, in Duke Wu of Song's time, Mang Man attacked Song. The Minister of Works Huangfu led troops to resist them, thereby defeating the Di at Chang Qiu and capturing the Chang Di Yuan Si. When Jin extinguished Lu, they captured Qiao Ru's younger brother Fen Ru. In Duke Hui of Qi's second year, Mang Man attacked Qi. Qi's noble Zi Cheng Fu captured his younger brother Rong Ru, burying his head at the north gate. The people of Wei captured his youngest brother Jian Ru. Mang Man from this point on consequently perished.
43
十五年，季文子使於晉。
In the fifteenth year, Ji Wen Zi was sent on a mission to Jin.
44
十八年二月，文公卒。 文公有二妃：長妃齊女為哀姜，生子惡及視； 次妃敬嬴，嬖愛，生子俀。 俀私事襄仲，襄仲欲立之，叔仲曰不可。 襄仲請齊惠公，惠公新立，欲親魯，許之。 冬十月，襄仲殺子惡及視而立俀，是為宣公。 哀姜歸齊，哭而過市，曰：「天乎！ 襄仲為不道，殺適立庶！」 市人皆哭，魯人謂之「哀姜」。 魯由此公室卑，三桓彊。
In the eighteenth year, in the second month, Duke Wen died. Duke Wen had two consorts: the senior consort was a Qi woman called Ai Jiang, who bore sons E and Shi; The junior consort Jing Ying was favored and beloved, bearing son You. Tui privately served Xiang Zhong. Xiang Zhong wished to establish him as the successor. Shu Zhong said that it was not permissible. Xiang Zhong petitioned Duke Hui of Qi. Duke Hui had newly taken the throne and wished to be close to Lu, so he agreed. In winter, in the tenth month, Xiang Zhong killed Zi E and Shi and established You. This was Duke Xuan. Ai Jiang returned to Qi, weeping as she passed through the market, saying: "Heaven above! Xiang Zhong acts without righteousness, killing the legitimate heir and establishing the concubine's son!" All the people of the market wept. The people of Lu called her "Ai Jiang". From this Lu's ducal house declined, the Three Huan grew strong.
45
宣公俀十二年，楚莊王彊，圍鄭。 鄭伯降，復國之。
In the twelfth year of Duke Xuan Tui, Chu's King Zhuang became strong and besieged Zheng. The Lord of Zheng submitted, so he restored the state to him.
46
十八年，宣公卒，子成公黑肱立，是為成公。 季文子曰：「使我殺適立庶失大援者，襄仲。」 襄仲立宣公，公孫歸父有寵。 宣公欲去三桓，與晉謀伐三桓。 會宣公卒，季文子怨之，歸父奔齊。
In the eighteenth year, Duke Xuan died. His son Duke Cheng Hei Gong succeeded him. This was Duke Cheng. Ji Wen Zi said: "The one who made me kill the legitimate heir and establish the concubine's son, thus losing our great ally, was Xiang Zhong." Xiang Zhong established Duke Xuan. Gongsun Gui Fu was favored. Duke Xuan wished to remove the Three Huan and plotted with Jin to attack the Three Huan. When Duke Xuan died, Ji Wen Zi resented the matter. Gui Fu fled to Qi.
47
成公二年春，齊伐取我隆。 夏，公與晉郤克敗齊頃公於砹齊復歸我侵地。 四年，成公如晉，晉景公不敬魯。 魯欲背晉合於楚，或諫，乃不。 十年，成公如晉。 晉景公卒，因留成公送葬，魯諱之。 十五年，始與吳王壽夢會鐘離。
In Duke Cheng's second year, in spring, Qi attacked and took our Long. In summer, the duke, together with Jin's Xi Ke, defeated Qi's Duke Qing at Ai. Qi returned our invaded territories. In the fourth year, Duke Cheng went to Jin. Jin's Duke Jing was disrespectful to Lu. Lu wished to abandon Jin and ally with Chu. Some advised against it, so they did not. In the tenth year, Duke Cheng went to Jin. Duke Jing of Jin died. They detained Duke Cheng to attend the funeral. Lu considered it an insult. In the fifteenth year, they first met with Wu King Shou Meng at Zhongli.
48
十六年，宣伯告晉，欲誅季文子。 文子有義，晉人弗許。
In the sixteenth year, Xuan Bo informed Jin, wishing to execute Ji Wen Zi. Wen Zi had righteousness. The Jin people did not permit it.
49
十八年，成公卒，子午立，是為襄公。 是時襄公三歲也。
In the eighteenth year, Duke Cheng died. His son Wu succeeded him. This was Duke Xiang. At this time Duke Xiang was three years old.
50
襄公元年，晉立悼公。 往年冬，晉欒書弒其君厲公。 四年，襄公朝晉。
In Duke Xiang's first year, Jin established Duke Dao. In the previous year's winter, Jin's Luan Shu assassinated his ruler Duke Li. In the fourth year, Duke Xiang paid court to Jin.
51
五年，季文子卒。 家無衣帛之妾，廄無食粟之馬，府無金玉，以相三君。 君子曰：「季文子廉忠矣。」
In the fifth year, Ji Wen Zi died. His household had no concubines clothed in the silk. His stables had no horses eating the grain. His treasury had no gold or jade. With this he served the three rulers. The noble man said: "Ji Wen Zi was incorruptible and loyal."
52
九年，與晉伐鄭。 晉悼公冠襄公於衛，季武子從，相行禮。
In the ninth year, together with Jin they attacked Zheng. Jin's Duke Dao performed the capping ceremony for Duke Xiang in Wei. jiwu Zi accompanied him and assisted with the rituals.
53
十一年，三桓氏分為三軍。
In the eleventh year, the Three Huan clans divided into three armies.
54
十二年，朝晉。 十六年，晉平公即位。 二十一年，朝晉平公。
In the twelfth year, he paid court to Jin. In the sixteenth year, Duke Ping of Jin took the throne. In the twenty-first year, he paid court to Duke Ping of Jin.
55
二十二年，孔丘生。
In the twenty-second year, Kong Qiu was born.
56
二十五年，齊崔杼弒其君莊公，立其弟景公。
In the twenty-fifth year, Qi's Cui Zhu assassinated his ruler Duke Zhuang and installed his younger brother Duke Jing.
57
二十九年，吳延陵季子使魯，問周樂，盡知其意，魯人敬焉。
In the twenty-ninth year, Wu's Yanling jizi was sent to Lu. He inquired about Zhou music and fully understood its meaning. The people of Lu respected him.
58
三十一年六月，襄公卒。 其九月，太子卒。 魯人立齊歸之子裯為君，是為昭公。
In the thirty-first year, in the sixth month, Duke Xiang died. In the ninth month, the heir apparent died. The people of Lu installed the son of Qi Gui, Chou, as ruler. This was Duke Zhao.
59
昭公年十九，猶有童心。 穆叔不欲立，曰：「太子死，有母弟可立，不即立長。 年鈞擇賢，義鈞則卜之。 今裯非適嗣，且又居喪意不在戚而有喜色，若果立，必為季氏憂。」 季武子弗聽，卒立之。 比及葬，三易衰。 君子曰：「是不終也。」
Duke Zhao was nineteen years old and still had a childish heart. Mu Shu did not wish to establish him, saying: "The heir apparent died. There are younger brothers by the same mother who can be established. One should not immediately establish the eldest. If ages are equal, choose the worthy. If righteousness is equal, then divine about it. Now Chou is not the proper heir, and during mourning his thoughts are not on grief; instead, he shows signs of joy. If he is indeed established, he will certainly become a worry for the Ji clan." jiwu Zi did not listen and ultimately established him. By the time of the burial, he had changed mourning garments three times. The gentleman said: "This is not seeing it through to the end."
60
昭公三年，朝晉至河，晉平公謝還之，魯恥焉。 四年，楚靈王會諸侯於申，昭公稱病不往。 七年，季武子卒。 八年，楚靈王就章華臺，召昭公。 昭公往賀，賜昭公寶器； 已而悔，復詐取之。 十二年，朝晉至河，晉平公謝還之。 十三年，楚公子棄疾弒其君靈王，代立。 十五年，朝晉，晉留之葬晉昭公，魯恥之。 二十年，齊景公與晏子狩竟，因入魯問禮。 二十一年，朝晉至河，晉謝還之。
In Duke Zhao's third year, he went to court Jin but reached the river. Duke Ping of Jin apologized and sent him back. Lu was ashamed. In the fourth year, Chu's King Ling assembled the feudal lords at Shen. Duke Zhao claimed illness and did not go. In the seventh year, jiwu Zi died. In the eighth year, Chu's King Ling completed the Zhanghua Terrace and summoned Duke Zhao. Duke Zhao went to congratulate him. He bestowed precious vessels upon Duke Zhao; Soon after he regretted it and deceitfully took them back. In the twelfth year, he went to court Jin but reached the river. Duke Ping of Jin apologized and sent him back. In the thirteenth year, Chu's Prince Qi Ji assassinated his ruler King Ling and took his place. In the fifteenth year, he went to court in Jin. Jin detained him to attend Duke Zhao of Jin's funeral. Lu was ashamed. In the twentieth year, Duke Jing of Qi and Yan Zi hunted along the border, then entered Lu to inquire about rituals. In the twenty-first year, he went to court Jin but reached the river. Jin apologized and sent him back.
61
二十五年春，鸜鵒來巢。 師己曰：「文成之世童謠曰『鸜鵒來巢，公在乾侯。 鸜鵒入處，公在外野』。」
In the twenty-fifth year, in spring, the phoenix came to nest. Shi Ji said: "In Duke Wen's time a song circulated among children, saying, 'The mynas come to nest; the duke is in Ganhou. The mynas enter and dwell; the duke is out in the wilds.'"
62
季氏與郈氏鬬雞，季氏芥雞羽，郈氏金距。 季平子怒而侵郈氏，郈昭伯亦怒平子。 臧昭伯之弟會偽讒臧氏，匿季氏，臧昭伯囚季氏人。 季平子怒，囚臧氏老。 臧、郈氏以難告昭公。 昭公九月戊戌伐季氏，遂入。 平子登臺請曰：「君以讒不察臣罪，誅之，請遷沂上。」 弗許。 請囚於鄪，弗許。 請以五乘亡，弗許。 子家駒曰：「君其許之。 政自季氏久矣，為徒者眾，眾將合謀。」 弗聽。 郈氏曰：「必殺之。」 叔孫氏之臣戾謂其眾曰：「無季氏與有，孰利？」 皆曰：「無季氏是無叔孫氏。」 戾曰：「然，救季氏！」 遂敗公師。 孟懿子聞叔孫氏勝，亦殺郈昭伯。 郈昭伯為公使，故孟氏得之。 三家共伐公，公遂奔。 己亥，公至于齊。 齊景公曰：「請致千社待君。」 子家曰：「棄周公之業而臣於齊，可乎？」 乃止。 子家曰：「齊景公無信，不如早之晉。」 弗從。 叔孫見公還，見平子，平子頓首。 初欲迎昭公，孟孫、季孫後悔，乃止。
The Ji clan and the Hou clan fought cocks. The Ji clan treated their cock's feathers with mustard. The Hou clan gilded their cock's spurs. Ji Ping Zi became angry and attacked the Hou clan. Hou Zhao Bo also became angry with Ping Zi. Zang Zhao Bo's younger brother Hui falsely slandered the Zang clan and hid with the Ji clan. Zang Zhao Bo imprisoned Ji clan people. Ji Ping Zi became angry and imprisoned the Zang clan elders. The Zang and Hou clans reported the difficulties to Duke Zhao. Duke Zhao, in the ninth month on the wuxu day, attacked the Ji clan and then entered. Ping Zi ascended the tower and pleaded: "My lord, deceived by slander, does not examine my crimes. Execute me. I request to be exiled to Yi Shang." He did not permit it. He requested imprisonment in Bi. It was not permitted. He requested to flee with five chariots. It was not permitted. Zi Jia Ju said: "My lord should permit it. Government has been with the Ji clan for a long time. Those who follow them are many. The many will unite in conspiracy." He did not listen. The Hou clan said: "We must kill him." The Shusun clan's minister Li said to his followers: "Which is better: to have the Ji clan, or to be without them?" All said: "Without the Ji clan, there would be no Shusun clan." Li said: "Indeed, save the Ji clan!" They then defeated the duke's army. Meng yizi heard that the Shusun clan had won and also killed Hou Zhao Bo. Hou Zhao Bo was on the duke's mission, so the Meng clan got him. The three clans jointly attacked the duke. The duke then fled. On the jihai day, the duke arrived in Qi. Duke Jing of Qi said: "I request to offer a thousand altars of soil to await my lord." Zi Jia said: "To abandon the Duke of Zhou's legacy and serve as minister to Qi—is this permissible?" They then stopped. Zi Jia said, "Duke Jing of Qi cannot be trusted. It would be better to go to Jin at once." He did not follow this advice. Shusun saw the duke return. When he saw Ping Zi, Ping Zi bowed his head to the ground. At first, they wished to welcome Duke Zhao, but Mengsun and Jisun later regretted the decision, so they stopped.
63
二十六年春，齊伐魯，取鄆而居昭公焉。 夏，齊景公將內公，令無受魯賂。 申豐、汝賈許齊臣高龁、子將粟五千庾。 子將言於齊侯曰：「群臣不能事魯君，有異焉。 宋元公為魯如晉，求內之，道卒。 叔孫昭子求內其君，無病而死。 不知天棄魯乎？ 抑魯君有罪于鬼神也？ 願君且待。」 齊景公從之。
In the twenty-sixth year, in spring, Qi attacked Lu, seized Yun, and housed Duke Zhao there. In summer, Duke Jing of Qi was about to restore the duke and ordered that no one accept bribes from Lu. Shen Feng and Ru Jia promised the Qi ministers Gao Que and Zi Jiang five thousand yu of grain. Zi Jiang spoke to the Duke of Qi, saying: "The ministers are unable to serve the Lu ruler. There is something unusual about this. Duke Yuan of Song went to Jin on Lu's behalf to seek to restore him, but he died en route. Shusun Zhao Zi sought to restore his lord, but he died without any illness. I do not know if Heaven has abandoned Lu? Or has the Lu ruler offended the spirits and gods? I hope my lord will wait for the moment." Duke Jing of Qi followed this advice.
64
二十八年，昭公如晉，求入。 季平子私於晉六卿，六卿受季氏賂，諫晉君，晉君乃止，居昭公乾侯。 二十九年，昭公如鄆。 齊景公使人賜昭公書，自謂「主君」。 昭公恥之，怒而去乾侯。 三十一年，晉欲內昭公，召季平子。 平子布衣跣行，因六卿謝罪。 六卿為言曰：「晉欲內昭公，眾不從。」 晉人止。 三十二年，昭公卒於乾侯。 魯人共立昭公弟宋為君，是為定公。
In the twenty-eighth year, Duke Zhao went to Jin, seeking to be restored. Ji Ping Zi had private connections with Jin's six ministers. The six ministers accepted bribes from the Ji clan and advised the Jin ruler. The Jin ruler then stopped and housed Duke Zhao at Ganhou. In the twenty-ninth year, Duke Zhao made his way to Yun. Duke Jing of Qi sent someone to deliver a letter to Duke Zhao, addressing himself as "Sovereign Lord". Duke Zhao was ashamed by this, grew angry, and left Ganhou. In the thirty-first year, Jin wanted to bring Duke Zhao back and summoned Ji Pingzi. Ping Zi went in plain clothes and barefoot, and through the six ministers he apologized. The six ministers spoke on his behalf, saying: "Jin wishes to restore Duke Zhao, but the people will not follow." The Jin people stopped. In the thirty-second year, Duke Zhao died at Ganhou. The people of Lu jointly established Duke Zhao's younger brother Song as ruler. This was Duke Ding.
65
定公立，趙簡子問史墨曰：「季氏亡乎？」 史墨對曰：「不亡。 季友有大功於魯，受鄪為上卿，至于文子、武子，世增其業。 魯文公卒，東門遂殺適立庶，魯君於是失國政。 政在季氏，於今四君矣。 民不知君，何以得國！ 是以為君慎器與名，不可以假人。」
After Duke Ding was established, Zhao Jian Zi asked Shi Mo, saying: "Will the Ji clan perish?" Shi Mo replied, "It will not perish. jiyou had great merit toward Lu and received Meng as the chief minister. Down to Wen Zi and wuzi, each generation increased its estate. When Duke Wen of Lu died, Dong Men Sui killed the legitimate heir and established a concubine's son. From this point, the Lu ruler lost control of state affairs. The government has rested with the Ji clan through four rulers now. If the people do not recognize their ruler, how can he hold the state! Therefore, a ruler must be careful with his ritual vessels and titles; they cannot be lent to others."
66
定公五年，季平子卒。 陽虎私怒，囚季桓子，與盟，乃捨之。 七年，齊伐我，取鄆，以為魯陽虎邑以從政。 八年，陽虎欲盡殺三桓適，而更立其所善庶子以代之； 載季桓子將殺之，桓子詐而得脫。 三桓共攻陽虎，陽虎居陽關。 九年，魯伐陽虎，陽虎奔齊，已而奔晉趙氏。
In the fifth year of Duke Ding, Ji Pingzi died. Yang Hu was privately angry, imprisoned Ji Huan Zi, made an alliance with him, and then released him. In the seventh year, Qi attacked Lu, took Yun, and assigned it to Yang Hu as his Lu fief so that he could take part in government. In the eighth year, Yang Hu wished to kill all the Three Huan legitimate heirs and replace them with favored concubine sons. He loaded Ji Huan Zi into a chariot intending to kill him, but Huan Zi deceived him and escaped. The Three Huan jointly attacked Yang Hu. Yang Hu took up residence at Yangguan. In the ninth year, Lu attacked Yang Hu. Yang Hu fled to Qi, and then later fled to the Zhao clan in Jin.
67
十年，定公與齊景公會於夾谷，孔子行相事。 齊欲襲魯君，孔子以禮歷階，誅齊淫樂，齊侯懼，乃止，歸魯侵地而謝過。 十二年，使仲由毀三桓城，收其甲兵。 孟氏不肯墮城，伐之，不克而止。 季桓子受齊女樂，孔子去。
In the tenth year, Duke Ding and Duke Jing of Qi met at Jiagu. Confucius performed the duties of minister. Qi wished to attack the Lu ruler by surprise. Confucius used ritual to ascend the stairs and executed the Qi lewd musicians. The Qi lord feared, then stopped, returned Lu's invaded territories, and apologized. In the twelfth year, Duke Ding sent Zhong You to pull down the walls of the Three Huan and seize their armor and weapons. The Meng clan refused to demolish its walls. Duke Ding attacked them, failed to take them, and stopped. Ji Huanzi accepted female musicians from Qi, and Confucius left Lu.
68
十五年，定公卒，子將立，是為哀公。
In the fifteenth year, Duke Ding died. His son Jiang succeeded him. This was Duke Ai.
69
哀公五年，齊景公卒。 六年，齊田乞弒其君孺子。
In the fifth year of Duke Ai, Duke Jing of Qi died. In the sixth year, Tian Qi of Qi murdered his ruler, Ruzi.
70
七年，吳王夫差彊，伐齊，至繒，徵百牢於魯。 季康子使子貢說吳王及太宰嚭，以禮詘之。 吳王曰：「我文身，不足責禮。」 乃止。
In the seventh year, King Fuchai of Wu became strong, attacked Qi, reached Zeng, and demanded one hundred sets of sacrificial animals from Lu. Ji Kang Zi sent Zi Gong to persuade the King of Wu, Fuchai, and the Grand Steward Pi, using ritual to make them submit. The Wu king said: "My body is tattooed; I am not fit to demand ritual propriety." They then stopped.
71
吳為鄒伐魯，至城下，盟而去。 齊伐我，取三邑。 十年，伐齊南邊。
Wu, on behalf of Zou, attacked Lu, reached the city walls, made an alliance, and left. Qi attacked us and took three towns. In the tenth year, Lu attacked the southern border of Qi.
72
齊伐魯。 季氏用冉有有功，思孔子，孔子自衛歸魯。 齊田常弒其君簡公於俆州。 孔子請伐之，哀公不聽。
Qi attacked Lu. The Ji clan employed Ran You, who had merit, and thought of Confucius. Confucius returned to Lu from Wei. Qi's Tian Chang assassinated his ruler Duke Jian at Xuzhou. Confucius requested to attack them, but Duke Ai did not listen.
73
十五年，使子服景伯、子貢為介，適齊，齊歸我侵地。 田常初相，欲親諸侯。
In the fifteenth year, Duke Ai sent Zi Fu Jingbo, with Zi Gong as assistant envoy, to Qi, and Qi returned the lands it had seized from Lu. Tian Chang, initially as chancellor, wished to be close to the feudal lords.
74
十六年，孔子卒。
In the sixteenth year, Confucius died.
75
二十二年，越王句踐滅吳王夫差。
In the twenty-second year, King Goujian of Yue destroyed King Fuchai of Wu.
76
二十七年春，季康子卒。 夏，哀公患三桓，將欲因諸侯以劫之，三桓亦患公作難，故君臣多閒。 公游于陵阪，遇孟武伯於街，曰：「請問余及死乎？」 對曰：「不知也。」 公欲以越伐三桓。 八月，哀公如陘氏。 三桓攻公，公奔于衛，去如鄒，遂如越。 國人迎哀公復歸，卒于有山氏。 子寧立，是為悼公。
In the twenty-seventh year, in spring, Ji Kang Zi died. In summer, Duke Ai was troubled by the Three Huan and intended to use the feudal lords to coerce them. The Three Huan also feared the duke would cause trouble, so ruler and ministers had many estrangements. The duke was strolling at Lingban when he encountered Meng Wu Bo on the street and said: "May I ask if I will live to see death?" He replied: "I do not know." The duke wanted to use Yue against the Three Huan. In the eighth month, Duke Ai went to the Xing family. The Three Huan attacked the duke, who fled to Wei, then left for Zou, and finally went on to Yue. The people of the state welcomed Duke Ai back. He died at the Youshan clan. Zi Ning succeeded him. This was Duke Dao.
77
悼公之時，三桓勝，魯如小侯，卑於三桓之家。
In Duke Dao’s time, the Three Huan were dominant; Lu was like a minor marquisate, beneath the houses of the Three Huan.
78
十三年，三晉滅智伯，分其地有之。
In the thirteenth year, the Three Jin destroyed Zhi Bo and divided and possessed his territory.
79
三十七年，悼公卒，子嘉立，是為元公。 元公二十一年卒，子顯立，是為穆公。 穆公三十三年卒，子奮立，是為共公。 共公二十二年卒，子屯立，是為康公。 康公九年卒，子匽立，是為景公。 景公二十九年卒，子叔立，是為平公。 是時六國皆稱王。
In the thirty-seventh year, Duke Dao died. His son Jia succeeded him. This was Duke Yuan. Duke Yuan died in the twenty-first year of his reign. His son Xian succeeded him and became Duke Mu. Duke Mu died in the thirty-third year of his reign. His son Fen succeeded him and became Duke Gong. Duke Gong died in the twenty-second year of his reign. His son Tun succeeded him and became Duke Kang. Duke Kang died in his ninth year. His son Yi succeeded him. This was Duke Jing. Duke Jing died in the twenty-ninth year of his reign. His son Shu succeeded him and became Duke Ping. At this time, the six states all called themselves kings.
80
平公十二年，秦惠王卒。 二十（二）年，平公卒，子賈立，是為文公。 文公（七）［元］年，楚懷王死于秦。 二十三年，文公卒，子讎立，是為頃公。
In Duke Ping's twelfth year, King Hui of Qin died. In the twenty-second year, Duke Ping died. His son Jia succeeded him. This was Duke Wen. In Duke Wen's first year, King Huai of Chu died in the state of Qin. In the twenty-third year, Duke Wen died. His son Qiu succeeded him. This was Duke Qing.
81
頃公二年，秦拔楚之郢，楚頃王東徙于陳。 十九年，楚伐我，取徐州。 二十四年，楚考烈王伐滅魯。 頃公亡，遷於下邑，為家人，魯絕祀。 頃公卒于柯。
In Duke Qing's second year, the state of Qin captured Chu's Ying. King Qing of Chu moved east to Chen. In the nineteenth year, Chu attacked us and took Xuzhou. In the twenty-fourth year, King Kaolie of Chu attacked and destroyed Lu. Duke Qing fled, moved to Xiayi, and became a commoner. Lu's sacrifices ceased. Duke Qing died at Ke.
82
魯起周公至頃公，凡三十四世。
Lu, from the Duke of Zhou to Duke Qing, had altogether thirty-four generations.
83
太史公曰：余聞孔子稱曰「甚矣魯道之衰也！ 洙泗之閒龂龂如也」。 觀慶父及叔牙閔公之際，何其亂也？ 隱桓之事； 襄仲殺適立庶； 三家北面為臣，親攻昭公，昭公以奔。 至其揖讓之禮則從矣，而行事何其戾也？
The Grand Historian says: I have heard Confucius remark: "How extreme is the decline of the Lu way! Between the Zhu and Si rivers, it was flourishing indeed.” Observe Qing Fu and Shu Ya during the time of Duke Min—how chaotic it was! Consider the affairs of Dukes Yin and Huan. Xiang Zhong killed the legitimate heir and set up a son of a concubine; The three houses faced north as ministers, personally attacked Duke Zhao, and Duke Zhao fled as a result. As for the ritual of yielding and offering, they followed it, but their actions—how contrary they were!