1
管叔鮮、蔡叔度者，周文王子而武王弟也。 武王同母兄弟十人。 母曰太姒，文王正妃也。 其長子曰伯邑考，次曰武王發，次曰管叔鮮，次曰周公旦，次曰蔡叔度，次曰曹叔振鐸，次曰成叔武，次曰霍叔處，次曰康叔封，次曰冉季載。 冉季載最少。 同母昆弟十人，唯發、旦賢，左右輔文王，故文王舍伯邑考而以發為太子。 及文王崩而發立，是為武王。 伯邑考既已前卒矣。
Guan Shu Xian and Cai Shu Du were the sons of King Wen of Zhou and younger brothers of King Wu. King Wu had ten brothers from the same mother. Their mother was called Tai Si, King Wen's principal consort. Their eldest son was called Bo Yi Kao, next was King Wu Fa, next was Guan Shu Xian, next was the Duke of Zhou Dan, next was Cai Shu Du, next was Cao Shu Zhen Duo, next was Cheng Shu Wu, next was Huo Shu Chu, next was Kang Shu Feng, and next was Ran Ji Zai. Ran Ji Zai was the youngest. Of the ten brothers from the same mother, only Fa and Dan were worthy. They assisted King Wen on left and right, so King Wen passed over Bo Yi Kao and made Fa his crown prince. When King Wen passed away, Fa ascended the throne and became King Wu. Bo Yi Kao had already died previously.
2
武王已克殷紂，平天下，封功臣昆弟。 於是封叔鮮於管，封叔度於蔡：二人相紂子武庚祿父，治殷遺民。 封叔旦於魯而相周，為周公。 封叔振鐸於曹，封叔武於成，封叔處於霍。 康叔封、冉季載皆少，未得封。
King Wu had already conquered Yin Zhou and pacified the world, and he enfeoffed meritorious ministers and his brothers. Therefore he enfeoffed Shu Xian at Guan and Shu Du at Cai. These two men assisted Wu Geng Lu Fu, the son of King Zhou, in governing the remnant people of Yin. He enfeoffed Shu Dan at Lu, and Shu Dan assisted Zhou, becoming the Duke of Zhou. He enfeoffed Shu Zhen Duo at the state of Cao, Shu Wu at the state of Cheng, and Shu Chu at the state of Huo. Kang Shu Feng and Ran Ji Zai were both young and had not yet received enfeoffments.
3
武王既崩，成王少，周公旦專王室。 管叔、蔡叔疑周公之為不利於成王，乃挾武庚以作亂。 周公旦承成王命伐誅武庚，殺管叔，而放蔡叔，遷之，與車十乘，徒七十人從。 而分殷餘民為二：其一封微子啟於宋，以續殷祀； 其一封康叔為衛君，是為衛康叔。 封季載於冉。 冉季、康叔皆有馴行，於是周公舉康叔為周司寇，冉季為周司空，以佐成王治，皆有令名於天下。
King Wu had already passed away. King Cheng was young, and the Duke of Zhou Dan took control of the royal house. Guan Shu and Cai Shu suspected that the Duke of Zhou's actions were harmful to King Cheng, so they took Wu Geng and rebelled. The Duke of Zhou Dan received King Cheng's command to attack and execute Wu Geng, kill Guan Shu, and banish Cai Shu. He moved Cai Shu and gave him ten chariots with seventy followers. And he divided the remnant people of Yin into two groups: one he enfeoffed Wei Zi Qi at Song, to continue the sacrifices of Yin; The other he enfeoffed Kang Shu as lord of Wei, who became Wei Kang Shu. He enfeoffed Ji Zai at Ran. Ran Ji and Kang Shu both had gentle conduct. Therefore the Duke of Zhou raised Kang Shu to be Zhou's Minister of Crime, and Ran Ji to be Zhou's Minister of Works, to assist King Cheng in governing. They all had good reputations throughout the world.
4
蔡叔度既遷而死。 其子曰胡，胡乃改行，率德馴善。 周公聞之，而舉胡以為魯卿士，魯國治。 於是周公言於成王，復封胡於蔡，以奉蔡叔之祀，是為蔡仲。 餘五叔皆就國，無為天子吏者。
Cai Shu Du, having been moved, died. His son was called Hu. Hu then changed his conduct, following virtue and being gentle and good. The Duke of Zhou heard of it and raised Hu to be a minister in Lu. The state of Lu was well governed. Therefore the Duke of Zhou spoke to King Cheng, again enfeoffed Hu at Cai, to continue Cai Shu's sacrifices. This was Cai Zhong. The remaining five uncles all went to their states, and none became officials of the Son of Heaven.
5
蔡仲卒，子蔡伯荒立。 蔡伯荒卒，子宮侯立。 宮侯卒，子厲侯立。 厲侯卒，子武侯立。 武侯之時，周厲王失國，奔彘，共和行政，諸侯多叛周。
Cai Zhong died, and his son Cai Bo Huang succeeded him. Cai Bo Huang died, and his son Gong Hou succeeded him. Gong Hou died, and his son Duke Li succeeded him. Duke Li died, and his son Duke Wu succeeded him. In Duke Wu's time, King Li of Zhou lost his state and fled to Zhi. The Gong He administered the government, and many feudal lords rebelled against Zhou.
6
武侯卒，子夷侯立。 夷侯十一年，周宣王即位。 二十八年，夷侯卒，子釐侯所事立。
Duke Wu died, and his son Duke Yi succeeded him. In the eleventh year of Duke Yi's reign, King Xuan of Zhou ascended the throne. In the twenty-eighth year, Duke Yi died, and his son Duke Xi Suo Shi succeeded him.
7
釐侯三十九年，周幽王為犬戎所殺，周室卑而東徙。 秦始得列為諸侯。
In the thirty-ninth year of Duke Xi's reign, King You of Zhou was killed by the Quan Rong, and the Zhou house became weak and moved east. Qin first became ranked among the feudal lords.
8
四十八年，釐侯卒，子共侯興立。 共侯二年卒，子戴侯立。 戴侯十年卒，子宣侯措父立。
In the forty-eighth year, Duke Xi died, and his son Duke Gong Xing succeeded him. Duke Gong died in the second year of his reign, and his son Duke Dai succeeded him. Duke Dai died in the tenth year of his reign, and his son Duke Xuan Cuo Fu succeeded him.
9
宣侯二十八年，魯隱公初立。 三十五年，宣侯卒，子桓侯封人立。 桓侯三年，魯弒其君隱公。 二十年，桓侯卒，弟哀侯獻舞立。
In the twenty-eighth year of Duke Xuan's reign, Duke Yin of Lu first ascended the throne. In the thirty-fifth year, Duke Xuan died, and his son Duke Huan Feng Ren succeeded him. In the third year of Duke Huan's reign, Lu assassinated their lord Duke Yin. In the twentieth year, Duke Huan died, and his younger brother Duke Ai Xian Wu succeeded him.
10
哀侯十一年，初，哀侯娶陳，息侯亦娶陳。 息夫人將歸，過蔡，蔡侯不敬。 息侯怒，請楚文王：「來伐我，我求救於蔡，蔡必來，楚因擊之，可以有功。」 楚文王從之，虜蔡哀侯以歸。 哀侯留九歲，死於楚。 凡立二十年卒。 蔡人立其子肸，是為繆侯。
In the eleventh year of Duke Ai's reign, initially Duke Ai married a woman from Chen, and Duke Xi also married a woman from Chen. The Lady of Xi was about to return home and passed through Cai, but the Duke of Cai was not respectful. Duke Xi was angry and invited King Wen of Chu: 'Come attack me, I will seek help from Cai, Cai must come, and Chu can then strike them and achieve the merit.' King Wen of Chu followed this plan and captured Duke Ai of Cai, returning with him. Duke Ai stayed for nine years and died in Chu. He altogether reigned for twenty years and died. The Cai people established his son Xi, who became Duke Mu.
11
繆侯以其女弟為齊桓公夫人。 十八年，齊桓公與蔡女戲船中，夫人蕩舟，桓公止之，不止，公怒，歸蔡女而不絕也。 蔡侯怒，嫁其弟。 齊桓公怒，伐蔡； 蔡潰，遂虜繆侯，南至楚邵陵。 已而諸侯為蔡謝齊，齊侯歸蔡侯。 二十九年，繆侯卒，子莊侯甲午立。
Duke Mu made his younger sister the wife of Duke Huan of Qi. In the eighteenth year, Duke Huan of Qi was playing with the Cai woman in the boat. His wife rocked the boat. Duke Huan told her to stop, but she didn't. The duke was angered and returned the Cai woman but didn't divorce her. The Duke of Cai was angered and married off his younger sister. Duke Huan of Qi was angered and attacked Cai; Cai collapsed, and he captured Duke Mu, going south to Shao Ling in Chu. Then the feudal lords apologized to Qi on Cai's behalf, and the Duke of Qi returned the Duke of Cai. In the twenty-ninth year, Duke Mu died, and his son Duke Zhuang Jia Wu succeeded him.
12
莊侯三年，齊桓公卒。 十四年，晉文公敗楚於城濮。 二十年，楚太子商臣弒其父成王代立。 二十五年，秦穆公卒。 三十三年，楚莊王即位。 三十四年，莊侯卒，子文侯申立。
In the third year of Duke Zhuang's reign, Duke Huan of Qi died. In the fourteenth year, Duke Wen of Jin defeated Chu at Cheng Pu. In the twentieth year, Chu's Crown Prince Shang Chen assassinated his father King Cheng and replaced him. In the twenty-fifth year, Duke Mu of Qin died. In the thirty-third year, King Zhuang of Chu ascended the throne. In the thirty-fourth year, Duke Zhuang died, and his son Duke Wen Shen succeeded him.
13
文侯十四年，楚莊王伐陳，殺夏徵舒。 十五年，楚圍鄭，鄭降楚，楚復醳之。 二十年，文侯卒，子景侯固立。
In the fourteenth year of Duke Wen's reign, King Zhuang of Chu attacked Chen and killed Xia Zheng Shu. In the fifteenth year, Chu surrounded Zheng. Zheng surrendered to Chu, and Chu again freed them. In the twentieth year, Duke Wen died, and his son Duke Jing Gu succeeded him.
14
景侯元年，楚莊王卒。 四十九年，景侯為太子般娶婦於楚，而景侯通焉。 太子弒景侯而自立，是為靈侯。
In the first year of Duke Jing's reign, King Zhuang of Chu died. In the forty-ninth year, Duke Jing married a wife for Crown Prince Ban from Chu, but Duke Jing had relations with her. The crown prince assassinated Duke Jing and established himself, becoming Duke Ling.
15
靈侯二年，楚公子圍弒其王郟敖而自立，為靈王。 九年，陳司徒招弒其君哀公。 楚使公子棄疾滅陳而有之。 十二年，楚靈王以靈侯弒其父，誘蔡靈侯于申，伏甲飲之，醉而殺之，刑其士卒七十人。 令公子棄疾圍蔡。 十一月，滅蔡，使棄疾為蔡公。
In the second year of Duke Ling's reign, Chu's Prince Wei assassinated his king Jia Ao and established himself, becoming King Ling. In the ninth year, Chen's Minister of Works Zhao assassinated their lord Duke Ai. Chu sent Prince Qi Ji to destroy Chen and take possession of it. In the twelfth year, King Ling of Chu, because Duke Ling had assassinated his father, lured Duke Ling of Cai to Shen. He hid armored troops and drank with him, got him drunk and killed him, and executed seventy of his soldiers. He commanded Prince Qi Ji to surround Cai. In the eleventh month, he destroyed Cai and made Qi Ji the Duke of Cai.
16
楚滅蔡三歲，楚公子棄疾弒其君靈王代立，為平王。 平王乃求蔡景侯少子廬，立之，是為平侯。 是年，楚亦復立陳。 楚平王初立，欲親諸侯，故復立陳、蔡後。
Three years after Chu destroyed Cai, the Chu prince Qi Ji assassinated his lord King Ling and replaced him, becoming King Ping. King Ping then sought the youngest son Lu of Cai's Duke Jing and established him, who became Duke Ping. In this year, Chu also re-established Chen. King Ping of Chu had just ascended and desired to be close to the feudal lords, so he re-established the descendants of Chen and Cai.
17
平侯九年卒，靈侯般之孫東國攻平侯子而自立，是為悼侯。 悼侯父曰隱太子友。 隱太子友者，靈侯之太子，平侯立而殺隱太子，故平侯卒而隱太子之子東國攻平侯子而代立，是為悼侯。 悼侯三年卒，弟昭侯申立。
In the ninth year of Duke Ping's reign, he died. Dong Guo, the grandson of Duke Ling Ban, attacked Duke Ping's son and established himself, becoming Duke Dao. Duke Dao's father was called the Hidden Crown Prince You. The Hidden Crown Prince You was Duke Ling's crown prince. When Duke Ping ascended, he killed the Hidden Crown Prince. Therefore, when Duke Ping died, the Hidden Crown Prince's son Dong Guo attacked Duke Ping's son and replaced him, becoming Duke Dao. Duke Dao died in the third year of his reign, and his younger brother Duke Zhao Shen succeeded him.
18
昭侯十年，朝楚昭王，持美裘二，獻其一於昭王而自衣其一。 楚相子常欲之，不與。 子常讒蔡侯，留之楚三年。 蔡侯知之，乃獻其裘於子常； 子常受之，乃言歸蔡侯。 蔡侯歸而之晉，請與晉伐楚。
In the tenth year of Duke Zhao's reign, he paid court to King Zhao of Chu, holding two beautiful fur coats. He offered one to King Zhao and wore one himself. Chu's prime minister Zi Chang desired it, but the duke wouldn't give it. Zi Chang slandered the Duke of Cai and detained him in Chu for three years. The Duke of Cai learned of it and then offered his fur coat to Zi Chang; Zi Chang accepted it and then spoke to have the Duke of Cai returned. The Duke of Cai returned and went to Jin, requesting to attack Chu together with Jin.
19
十三年春，與衛靈公會邵陵。 蔡侯私於周萇弘以求長於衛； 衛使史言康叔之功德，乃長衛。 夏，為晉滅沈，楚怒，攻蔡。 蔡昭侯使其子為質於吳，以共伐楚。 冬，與吳王闔閭遂破楚入郢。 蔡怨子常，子常恐，奔鄭。 十四年，吳去而楚昭王復國。 十六年，楚令尹為其民泣以謀蔡，蔡昭侯懼。 二十六年，孔子如蔡。 楚昭王伐蔡，蔡恐，告急於吳。 吳為蔡遠，約遷以自近，易以相救； 昭侯私許，不與大夫計。 吳人來救蔡，因遷蔡于州來。 二十八年，昭侯將朝于吳，大夫恐其復遷，乃令賊利殺昭侯； 已而誅賊利以解過，而立昭侯子朔，是為成侯。
In the spring of the thirteenth year, he met with Duke Ling of Wei at Shao Ling. The Duke of Cai privately consulted with Chang Hong of Zhou to seek precedence over Wei; Wei had a scribe speak of Kang Shu's merits and virtue, and then gave precedence to Wei. In summer, on behalf of Jin they destroyed Shen. Chu was angered and attacked Cai. Duke Zhao of Cai made his son a hostage in Wu, to attack Chu together. In winter, together with King Helu of Wu, they then broke Chu and entered Ying. Cai resented Zi Chang. Zi Chang feared and fled to Zheng. In the fourteenth year, Wu departed and King Zhao of Chu recovered his state. In the sixteenth year, Chu's prime minister wept for his people to scheme against Cai, and Duke Zhao of Cai feared. In the twenty-sixth year, Confucius went to Cai. King Zhao of Chu attacked Cai. Cai feared and reported urgently to Wu. The state of Wu considered Cai too far, so they agreed to move Cai closer to themselves, making it easier for them to rescue each other; Duke Zhao privately promised and did not consult with the grand officers. The Wu people came to save Cai and therefore moved Cai to Zhou Lai. In the twenty-eighth year, when Duke Zhao was about to pay court at Wu, the grand officers feared he would move again, so they commanded the assassin Li to kill Duke Zhao; Then they executed the assassin Li to dispel the blame, and established Duke Zhao's son Shuo, who became Duke Cheng.
20
成侯四年，宋滅曹。 十年，齊田常弒其君簡公。 十三年，楚滅陳。 十九年，成侯卒，子聲侯產立。 聲侯十五年卒，子元侯立。 元侯六年卒，子侯齊立。
In the fourth year of Duke Cheng's reign, Song destroyed Cao. In the tenth year, Tian Chang of Qi assassinated their lord Duke Jian. In the thirteenth year, Chu destroyed Chen. In the nineteenth year, Duke Cheng died, and his son Duke Sheng Chan succeeded him. Duke Sheng died in the fifteenth year of his reign, and his son Duke Yuan succeeded him. Duke Yuan died in the sixth year of his reign, and his son Duke Qi succeeded him.
21
侯齊四年，楚惠王滅蔡，蔡侯齊亡，蔡遂絕祀。 後陳滅三十三年。
In the fourth year of Duke Qi's reign, King Hui of Chu destroyed Cai. Duke Qi of Cai fled, and Cai's sacrifices then ended. This was thirty-three years after Chen was destroyed.
22
伯邑考，其後不知所封。 武王發，其後為周，有本紀言。 管叔鮮作亂誅死，無後。 周公旦，其後為魯，有世家言。 蔡叔度，其後為蔡，有世家言。 曹叔振鐸，有後為曹，有世家言。 成叔武，其後世無所見。 霍叔處，其後晉獻公時滅霍。 康叔封，其後為衛，有世家言。 冉季載，其後世無所見。
Bo Yi Kao—it is not known where his descendants were enfeoffed. King Wu Fa—his descendants became Zhou, and there are basic annals that speak of this. Guan Shu Xian made rebellion and was executed. He had no descendants. The Duke of Zhou Dan—his descendants became Lu, and there are hereditary houses that speak of this. Cai Shu Du—his descendants became Cai, and there are hereditary houses that speak of this. Cao Shu Zhen Duo had descendants who became Cao, and there are hereditary houses that speak of this. Cheng Shu Wu—his later generations are nowhere to be seen. Huo Shu Chu—his descendants were destroyed at Huo during the time of Duke Xian of Jin. Kang Shu Feng—his descendants became Wei, and there are hereditary houses that speak of this. Ran Ji Zai—his later generations are nowhere to be seen.
23
太史公曰：管蔡作亂，無足載者。 然周武王崩，成王少，天下既疑，賴同母之弟成叔、冉季之屬十人為輔拂，是以諸侯卒宗周，故附之世家言。
The Grand Historian says: Guan and Cai made rebellion, nothing worth recording. However, when King Wu of Zhou died, King Cheng was young, and the world was already suspicious. They relied on the same mother's younger brothers Cheng Shu, Ran Ji and their group of ten to assist and protect, thus the feudal lords ultimately honored Zhou. Therefore it is attached to the hereditary houses account.
24
曹叔振鐸者，周武王弟也。 武王已克殷紂，封叔振鐸於曹。
Cao Shu Zhen Duo was the younger brother of King Wu of Zhou. King Wu had already defeated Yin Zhou and enfeoffed Shu Zhen Duo at Cao.
25
叔振鐸卒，子太伯脾立。 太伯卒，子仲君平立。 仲君平卒，子宮伯侯立。 宮伯侯卒，子孝伯云立。 孝伯云卒，子夷伯喜立。
Shu Zhen Duo died, and his son Tai Bo Pi succeeded him. Tai Bo died, and his son Zhong Jun Ping succeeded him. Zhong Jun Ping died, and his son Gong Bo Hou succeeded him. Gong Bo Hou died, and his son Xiao Bo Yun succeeded him. Xiao Bo Yun died, and his son Yi Bo Xi succeeded him.
26
夷伯二十三年，周厲王奔于彘。
In the twenty-third year of Yi Bo Xi's reign, King Li of Zhou fled to Zhi.
27
三十年卒，弟幽伯彊立。 幽伯九年，弟蘇殺幽伯代立，是為戴伯。 戴伯元年，周宣王已立三歲。 三十年，戴伯卒，子惠伯兕立。
He died in the thirtieth year of his reign, and his younger brother You Bo Qiang succeeded him. In the ninth year of You Bo Qiang's reign, his younger brother Su killed You Bo and replaced him, becoming Dai Bo. In the first year of Dai Bo's reign, King Xuan of Zhou had already been on the throne for three years. In the thirtieth year, Dai Bo died, and his son Hui Bo Si succeeded him.
28
惠伯二十五年，周幽王為犬戎所殺，因東徙，益卑，諸侯畔之。 秦始列為諸侯。
In the twenty-fifth year of Hui Bo's reign, King You of Zhou was killed by the Quan Rong. Because of moving east, the Zhou house became increasingly weak, and the feudal lords rebelled against it. Qin first became ranked among the feudal lords.
29
三十六，惠伯卒，子石甫立，其弟武殺之代立，是為繆公。 繆公三年卒，子桓公終生立。
In the thirty-sixth year, Hui Bo died. His son Shi Fu succeeded, but his younger brother Wu killed him and replaced him, becoming Duke Mu. Duke Mu died in the third year of his reign, and his son Duke Huan Zhong Sheng succeeded him.
30
桓公三十五年，魯隱公立。 四十五年，魯弒其君隱公。 四十六年，宋華父督弒其君殤公，及孔父。 五十五年，桓公卒，子莊公夕姑立。
In the thirty-fifth year of Duke Huan's reign, Duke Yin of Lu succeeded. In the forty-fifth year, Lu assassinated their lord Duke Yin. In the forty-sixth year, Song's Hua Fu Du assassinated their lord Duke Shang and Kong Fu. In the fifty-fifth year, Duke Huan died, and his son Duke Zhuang Xi Gu succeeded him.
31
莊公二十三年，齊桓公始霸。
In the twenty-third year of Duke Zhuang's reign, Duke Huan of Qi first became hegemon.
32
三十一年，莊公卒，子釐公夷立。 釐公九年卒，子昭公班立。 昭公六年，齊桓公敗蔡，遂至楚召陵。 九年，昭公卒，子共公襄立。
In the thirty-first year, Duke Zhuang died, and his son Duke Xi Yi succeeded him. Duke Xi died in the ninth year of his reign, and his son Duke Zhao Ban succeeded him. In the sixth year of Duke Zhao's reign, Duke Huan of Qi defeated Cai, then reached Zhao Ling in Chu. In the ninth year, Duke Zhao died, and his son Duke Gong Xiang succeeded him.
33
共公十六年，初，晉公子重耳其亡過曹，曹君無禮，欲觀其駢脅。 釐負羈諫，不聽，私善於重耳。 二十一年，晉文公重耳伐曹，虜共公以歸，令軍毋入釐負羈之宗族閭。 或說晉文公曰：「昔齊桓公會諸侯，復異姓； 今君囚曹君，滅同姓，何以令於諸侯？」 晉乃復歸共公。
In the sixteenth year of Duke Gong's reign, initially, Jin's Prince Chong Er, while in exile, passed through Cao. The lord of Cao was discourteous and wished to see his fused ribs. Xi Fu Ji remonstrated, but the lord did not listen. Xi Fu Ji privately befriended Chong Er. In the twenty-first year, Duke Wen of Jin, Chong Er, attacked Cao, captured Duke Gong and returned with him, and commanded the army not to enter Xi Fu Ji's clan alley. Someone persuaded Duke Wen of Jin, saying: 'Formerly Duke Huan of Qi assembled the feudal lords and restored those of different surnames; Now you imprison the lord of Cao and destroy those of the same surname. How can you command the feudal lords?' Jin then returned Duke Gong.
34
二十五年，晉文公卒。 三十五年，共公卒，子文公壽立。 文公二十三年卒，子宣公彊立。 宣公十七年卒，弟成公負芻立。
In the twenty-fifth year, Duke Wen of Jin died. In the thirty-fifth year, Duke Gong died, and his son Duke Wen Shou succeeded him. Duke Wen died in the twenty-third year of his reign, and his son Duke Xuan Qiang succeeded him. Duke Xuan died in the seventeenth year of his reign, and his younger brother Duke Cheng Fu Chu succeeded him.
35
成公三年，晉厲公伐曹，虜成公以歸，已復釋之。 五年，晉欒書、中行偃使程滑弒其君厲公。 二十三年，成公卒，子武公勝立。 武公二十六年，楚公子棄疾弒其君靈王代立。 二十七年，武公卒，子平公（頃）［須］立。 平公四年卒，子悼公午立。 是歲，宋、衛、陳、鄭皆火。
In the third year of Duke Cheng's reign, Duke Li of Jin attacked Cao, captured Duke Cheng and returned with him, then released him again. In the fifth year, Luan Shu and Zhong Xing Yan of Jin sent Cheng Hua to assassinate their lord Duke Li. In the twenty-third year, Duke Cheng died, and his son Duke Wu Sheng succeeded him. In the twenty-sixth year of Duke Wu's reign, Chu's Prince Qi Ji assassinated his lord King Ling and replaced him. In the twenty-seventh year, Duke Wu died, and his son Duke Ping Xu succeeded him. Duke Ping died in the fourth year of his reign, and his son Duke Dao Wu succeeded him. In this year, Song, Wei, Chen, and Zheng all had fires.
36
悼公八年，宋景公立。 九年，悼公朝于宋，宋囚之； 曹立其弟野，是為聲公。 悼公死於宋，歸葬。
In the eighth year of Duke Dao's reign, Duke Jing of Song ascended the throne. In the ninth year, Duke Dao paid court to Song, and Song imprisoned him; Cao established his younger brother Ye, who became Duke Sheng. Duke Dao died in Song and was returned for burial.
37
聲公五年，平公弟通弒聲公代立，是為隱公。 隱公四年，聲公弟露弒隱公代立，是為靖公。 靖公四年卒，子伯陽立。
In the fifth year of Duke Sheng's reign, Duke Ping's younger brother Tong assassinated Duke Sheng and replaced him, becoming Duke Yin. In the fourth year of Duke Yin's reign, Duke Sheng's younger brother Lu assassinated Duke Yin and replaced him, becoming Duke Jing. Duke Jing died in the fourth year of his reign, and his son Bo Yang succeeded him.
38
伯陽三年，國人有夢眾君子立于社宮，謀欲亡曹； 曹叔振鐸止之，請待公孫彊，許之。 旦，求之曹，無此人。 夢者戒其子曰：「我亡，爾聞公孫彊為政，必去曹，無離曹禍。」 及伯陽即位，好田弋之事。 六年，曹野人公孫彊亦好田弋，獲白鴈而獻之，且言田弋之說，因訪政事。 伯陽大說之，有寵，使為司城以聽政。 夢者之子乃亡去。
In the third year of Bo Yang's reign, a person of the state dreamed that many noblemen stood at the She palace, plotting to destroy Cao; Cao Shu Zhen Duo stopped them and requested to wait for Gong Sun Qiang, and the request was permitted. In the morning, they sought him in Cao, but there was no such person. The dreamer warned his son, saying: 'When I die, if you hear that Gong Sun Qiang administers the government, you must leave Cao to avoid the calamity of Cao.' When Bo Yang ascended the throne, he liked matters of hunting and shooting. In the sixth year, Cao's rustic Gong Sun Qiang also liked hunting and shooting. He obtained a white goose and offered it, moreover spoke about hunting and shooting theories, and took advantage to discuss government affairs. Bo Yang was greatly pleased with him and favored him, making him the Minister of Works to handle government affairs. The dreamer's son then fled away.
39
公孫彊言霸說於曹伯。 十四年，曹伯從之，乃背晉干宋。 宋景公伐之，晉人不救。 十五年，宋滅曹，執曹伯陽及公孫彊以歸而殺之。 曹遂絕其祀。
Gong Sun Qiang spoke theories of hegemony to the lord of Cao. In the fourteenth year, the lord of Cao followed this and then turned against Jin to offend Song. Duke Jing of Song attacked them, but the Jin people did not save them. In the fifteenth year, Song destroyed Cao, seized Cao Bo Yang and Gong Sun Qiang, returned with them, and killed them. Cao then ended its sacrifices.
40
太史公曰：余尋曹共公之不用僖負羈，乃乘軒者三百人，知唯德之不建。 及振鐸之夢，豈不欲引曹之祀者哉？ 如公孫彊不修厥政，叔鐸之祀忽諸。
The Grand Historian says: I investigated how Duke Gong of Cao did not use Xi Fu Ji, yet had three hundred chariot riders, and I knew that only virtue was not established. And as for Zhen Duo's dream, how could it not have desired to extend the sacrifices of Cao! If Gong Sun Qiang had not repaired the government, Shu Duo's sacrifices would have been neglected.