1
孔子曰「受業身通者七十有七人」，皆異能之士也。 德行：顏淵，閔子騫，冉伯牛，仲弓。 政事：冉有，季路。 言語：宰我，子貢。 文學：子游，子夏。 師也辟，參也魯，柴也愚，由也喭，回也屢空。 賜不受命而貨殖焉，億則屢中。
Confucius said: 'Those who received my teachings and became personally proficient numbered seventy-seven people,' all exceptional men. Virtue: Yanyuan, Min Ziqian, Ran Boniu, Zhonggong. Government: Ranyou, Jilu. Speech: Zaiwo, Zigong. Literature: Ziyou, Zixia. Shi was dissolute, Shen dull, Chai foolish, You crude, Hui often empty. Ci refused office to engage in trade, where his speculations often proved accurate.
2
孔子之所嚴事：於周則老子； 於衛，蘧伯玉； 於齊，晏平仲； 於楚，老萊子； 於鄭，子產； 於魯，孟公綽。 數稱臧文仲、柳下惠、銅鞮伯華、介山子然，孔子皆後之，不并世。
Those Confucius treated with respect: in Zhou, Lao Tzu; in Wey, Qu Boyu; in Ch'i, Yan Tzu; in Chu, Lao Laizi; in Zheng, Zichan; in Lu, Meng Gongchuo. He frequently praised Zang Wenzhong, Liu Xia Hui, Tong Di Bohua, Jie Shan Ziran. Confucius all came after them and was not their contemporary.
3
顏回者，魯人也，字子淵。 少孔子三十歲。
Yan Hui was a man from Lu, styled Ziyuan. He was thirty years younger than Confucius.
4
顏淵問仁，孔子曰：「克己復禮，天下歸仁焉。」
Yanyuan asked about benevolence. Confucius said: 'Conquer the self and return to ritual. Then all under Heaven will achieve benevolence.'
5
孔子曰：「賢哉回也！ 一簞食，一瓢飲，在陋巷，人不堪其憂，回也不改其樂。」 「回也如愚； 退而省其私，亦足以發，回也不愚。」 「用之則行，捨之則藏，唯我與爾有是夫！」
Confucius said: 'How worthy Hui is! A single basket of food, a single gourd of drink, dwelling in a humble lane—others cannot bear such hardship, yet Hui does not change his joy.'' 'Hui seems foolish on the surface, but when he withdraws to reflect on his inner thoughts, it is more than enough to inspire others. Hui is not foolish.'' 'When called upon, he acts; when set aside, he withdraws. Only I and you possess this quality!'
6
回年二十九，發盡白，蚤死。 孔子哭之慟，曰：「自吾有回，門人益親。」
Hui died at age twenty-nine, his hair completely white from overwork. Confucius wept for him with great sorrow, saying: 'Since I had Hui, my disciples have drawn closer to me.'
7
魯哀公問：「弟子孰為好學？」 孔子對曰：「有顏回者好學，不遷怒，不貳過。 不幸短命死矣，今也則亡。」
Duke Ai of Lu asked: 'Which of your disciples is the most diligent in learning?' Confucius replied: 'There is Yanyuan, who is diligent in learning. He does not transfer his anger to others, nor does he repeat his mistakes. Unfortunately he died young. Now there is no one like him.''
8
閔損字子騫。 少孔子十五歲。
Min Sun was styled Ziqian. He was fifteen years younger than Confucius.
9
孔子曰：「孝哉閔子騫！ 人不閒於其父母昆弟之言。」 不仕大夫，不食汙君之祿。 「如有復我者，必在汶上矣。」
Confucius said: 'How filial Min Ziqian is! People do not find fault with what his parents and siblings say.'' Did not serve grand masters, nor eat corrupt rulers' salary. 'If anyone calls me back, it will surely be from above the Wen River.''
10
冉耕字伯牛。 孔子以為有德行。
Ran Geng was styled Boniu. Confucius considered him to possess virtue.
11
伯牛有惡疾，孔子往問之，自牖執其手，曰：「命也夫！ 斯人也而有斯疾，命也夫！」
Boniu had a serious illness. Confucius went to visit him and grasped his hand through the window, saying: 'It is fate! Such a person to have such an illness—it is fate!''
12
冉雍字仲弓。
Ran Yong was styled Zhonggong.
13
仲弓問政，孔子曰：「出門如見大賓，使民如承大祭。 在邦無怨，在家無怨。」
Zhonggong asked about governance. Confucius said: 'When going abroad, treat it as meeting great guests. When employing the people, treat it as conducting a great sacrifice. No resentment in state, no resentment at home.''
14
孔子以仲弓為有德行，曰：「雍也可使南面。」
Confucius considered Zhonggong to possess virtue and said: 'Yong can be made to face south.'
15
仲弓父，賤人。 孔子曰：「犁牛之子騂且角，雖欲勿用，山川其舍諸？」
Zhonggong's father was of humble birth. Confucius said: 'The calf of a plow ox is reddish and has horns. Though one might wish not to use it, would the mountains and rivers reject it?'
16
冉求字子有，少孔子二十九歲。 為季氏宰。
Ran Qiu was styled Ziyou. He was twenty-nine years younger than Confucius. He served as steward for the Ji clan.
17
季康子問孔子曰：「冉求仁乎？」 曰：「千室之邑，百乘之家，求也可使治其賦。 仁則吾不知也。」 復問：「子路仁乎？」 孔子對曰：「如求。」
Ji Kangzi asked Confucius: 'Is Ran Qiu benevolent?' He said: 'For a town of a thousand households or a family with a hundred chariots, Qiu can be made to manage their revenues. As for benevolence, I do not know.'' He asked again: 'Is Zilu benevolent?' Confucius replied: 'Like Qiu.'
18
求問曰：「聞斯行諸？」 子曰：「行之。」 子路問：「聞斯行諸？」 子曰：「有父兄在，如之何其聞斯行之！」 子華怪之，「敢問問同而答異？」 孔子曰：「求也退，故進之。 由也兼人，故退之。」
Qiu asked: 'Having heard this, should one act on it?' The Master said: 'Act on it.' Zilu asked: 'Having heard this, should one act on it?' The Master said: 'If one's father and elder brothers are still alive, how can one act on something one has heard?' Zihua was puzzled and asked: 'May I ask why the questions were the same but the answers different?' Confucius said: 'Qiu is hesitant, so I encourage him forward. You is overbearing, so I hold him back.'
19
仲由字子路，卞人也。 少孔子九歲。
Zhong You, whose courtesy name was Zilu, was a man from Bian. He was nine years younger than Confucius.
20
子路性鄙，好勇力，志伉直，冠雄雞，佩豭豚，陵暴孔子。 孔子設禮稍誘子路，子路後儒服委質，因門人請為弟子。
Zilu had a coarse nature. He loved courage and physical strength. His ambitions were upright and unyielding. He wore a cap decorated with a fighting cock and carried a sword with a piglet hilt. He bullied Confucius. Confucius used ritual to gradually entice Zilu. Later, Zilu donned Confucian robes and presented the introductory gifts. Through his disciples, he requested to become a student.
21
子路問政，孔子曰：「先之，勞之。」 請益。 曰：「無倦。」
Zilu asked about governing. Confucius said: 'Lead them. Make them work.' He asked for more advice. He said: 'Do not grow weary.'
22
子路問：「君子尚勇乎？」 孔子曰：「義之為上。 君子好勇而無義則亂，小人好勇而無義則盜。」
Zilu asked: 'Does the gentleman prize courage?' Confucius said: 'Righteousness is the highest virtue. If a gentleman loves courage but lacks righteousness, he will cause disorder. If a petty man loves courage but lacks righteousness, he will become a bandit.'
23
子路有聞，未之能行，唯恐有聞。
When Zilu heard something, he feared he would not be able to practice it. His only fear was not hearing it.
24
孔子曰：「片言可以折獄者，其由也與！」 「由也好勇過我，無所取材。」 「若由也，不得其死然。」 「衣敝縕袍，與衣狐貉者立，而不恥者，其由也與！」 「由也升堂矣，未入於室也。」
Confucius said: 'The one who can resolve legal disputes with just a single statement—that would be You!' 'You loves courage more than I do, but there's nothing to be gained from it.' 'As for You, he will not die a natural death.' 'The one who wears a tattered silk robe and stands among those dressed in fox and badger furs without feeling ashamed—that would be You!' 'You has entered the main hall but not yet reached the inner chambers.'
25
季康子問：「仲由仁乎？」 孔子曰：「千乘之國可使治其賦，不知其仁。」
Ji Kangzi asked: 'Is Zhong You benevolent?' Confucius said: 'For a state with a thousand chariots, he could be put in charge of tax collection. I do not know about his benevolence.'
26
子路喜從游，遇長沮、桀溺、荷蓧丈人。
Zilu loved accompanying Confucius on his travels. He encountered Chang Ju, Jie Ni, and the old man carrying a basket.
27
子路為季氏宰，季孫問曰：「子路可謂大臣與？」 孔子曰：「可謂具臣矣。」
Zilu served as steward for the Ji family. Jisun asked: 'Can Zilu be called a great minister?' Confucius said: 'He can be called a capable minister.'
28
子路為蒲大夫，辭孔子。 孔子曰：「蒲多壯士，又難治。 然吾語汝：恭以敬，可以執勇； 寬以正，可以比眾； 恭正以靜，可以報上。」
Zilu became magistrate of Pu and took his leave from Confucius. Confucius said: 'Pu has many strong men, and it is difficult to govern. But let me tell you: With courtesy and respect, you can harness courage. With generosity and righteousness, you can unite the people. With courtesy, righteousness, and composure, you can serve your superiors.'
29
初，衛靈公有寵姬曰南子。 靈公太子蕢聵得過南子，懼誅出奔。 及靈公卒而夫人欲立公子郢。 郢不肯，曰：「亡人太子之子輒在。」 於是衛立輒為君，是為出公。 出公立十二年，其父蕢聵居外，不得入。 子路為衛大夫孔悝之邑宰。 蕢聵乃與孔悝作亂，謀入孔悝家，遂與其徒襲攻出公。 出公奔魯，而蕢聵入立，是為莊公。 方孔悝作亂，子路在外，聞之而馳往。 遇子羔出衛城門，謂子路曰：「出公去矣，而門已閉，子可還矣，毋空受其禍。」 子路曰：「食其食者不避其難。」 子羔卒去。 有使者入城，城門開，子路隨而入。 造蕢聵，蕢聵與孔悝登臺。 子路曰：「君焉用孔悝？ 請得而殺之。」 蕢聵弗聽。 於是子路欲燔臺，蕢聵懼，乃下石乞、壺黶攻子路，擊斷子路之纓。 子路曰：「君子死而冠不免。」 遂結纓而死。
In the beginning, Duke Ling of Wei had a favored concubine named Nanzi. Duke Ling's crown prince Kuitun offended Nanzi, feared execution, and fled. When Duke Ling died, his consort wished to establish Prince Ying as ruler. Ying refused, saying: 'The son of the exiled crown prince, Zhe, is still here.' Therefore Wei established Zhe as ruler. He was known as Duke Chu. Duke Chu ruled for twelve years. His father Kuitun lived outside the state and could not enter. Zilu served as magistrate of the town belonging to Kong Kui, a Wei grandee. Kuitun then joined Kong Kui in rebellion. They planned to enter Kong Kui's house and then led their followers in a surprise attack on Duke Chu. Duke Chu fled to Lu, while Kuitun entered the capital and established himself as ruler. He was known as Duke Zhuang. When Kong Kui began his rebellion, Zilu was outside the city. He heard about it and galloped back. He met Zigao leaving the Wei city gate, who told Zilu: 'Duke Chu has fled, and the gates are already closed. You should turn back and not needlessly court disaster.' Zilu said: 'One who eats his master's food does not shirk his master's troubles.' Zigao finally left. An envoy arrived to enter the city. The city gate opened, and Zilu followed him in. He approached Kuitun, who had ascended a tower with Kong Kui. Zilu said: 'Why does the ruler need Kong Kui? Please let me get him and kill him.' Kuitun would not listen. Zilu then wanted to set fire to the tower. Kuitun became afraid and sent Shi Qi and Hu Xian to attack Zilu, striking and breaking Zilu's hat cord. Zilu said: 'A gentleman does not remove his cap even in death.' He then tied his hat cord and died.
30
孔子聞衛亂，曰：「嗟乎，由死矣！」 已而果死。 故孔子曰：「自吾得由，惡言不聞於耳。」 是時子貢為魯使於齊。
When Confucius heard of the chaos in Wei, he said: 'Alas, You has died!' And indeed he died. Therefore Confucius said: 'Ever since I obtained You, evil words have not reached my ears.' At this time, Zigong was serving as Lu's envoy to Qi.
31
宰予字子我。 利口辯辭。 既受業，問：「三年之喪不已久乎？ 君子三年不為禮，禮必壞； 三年不為樂，樂必崩。 舊穀既沒，新穀既升，鉆燧改火，期可已矣。」 子曰：「於汝安乎？」 曰：「安。」 「汝安則為之。 君子居喪，食旨不甘，聞樂不樂，故弗為也。」 宰我出，子曰：「予之不仁也！ 子生三年然後免於父母之懷。 夫三年之喪，天下之通義也。」
Zai Yu, whose courtesy name was Ziwo. He had a sharp tongue and eloquent speech. After receiving his teachings, he asked: 'Is the three-year mourning period not too long?' 'If a gentleman does not practice ritual for three years, ritual will surely decay;' 'if he does not practice music for three years, music will surely collapse.' 'The old grain is already exhausted, the new grain has already been harvested, and the flint fire has been changed. The period can come to an end.' The Master said: 'Are you at peace with this?' He said: 'I am at peace.' 'If you are at peace with it, then do it. When a gentleman is in mourning, delicious food does not taste sweet to him, and hearing music does not bring him joy. Therefore we do not practice it.' After Zaiwo left, the Master said: 'Yu is not benevolent!' 'A child is born and only after three years is free from his parents' embrace.' 'The three-year mourning period is the universal righteousness of the world.'
32
宰予晝寢。 子曰：「朽木不可雕也，糞土之墻不可圬也。」
Zaiwo slept during the day. The Master said: 'Rotten wood cannot be carved, and a wall of manure cannot be plastered.'
33
宰我問五帝之德，子曰：「予非其人也。」
Zaiwo asked about the virtue of the Five Emperors. The Master said: 'I am not that kind of person.'
34
宰我為臨菑大夫，與田常作亂，以夷其族，孔子恥之。
Zaiwo became grand master of Linzi and joined Tian Chang in rebellion, which led to the extermination of his clan. Confucius was ashamed of him.
35
端木賜，衛人，字子貢。 少孔子三十一歲。
Duanmu Ci was a man from Wei, whose courtesy name was Zigong. He was thirty-one years younger than Confucius.
36
子貢利口巧辭，孔子常黜其辯。 問曰：「汝與回也孰愈？」 對曰：「賜也何敢望回！ 回也聞一以知十，賜也聞一以知二。」
Zigong had a sharp tongue and clever speech. Confucius often suppressed his eloquence. He asked: 'Which of you and Hui is better?' He replied: 'How dare Ci hope to equal Hui!' 'Hui hears one thing and understands ten. Ci hears one thing and understands two.'
37
子貢既已受業，問曰：「賜何人也？」 孔子曰：「汝器也。」 曰：「何器也？」 曰：「瑚璉也。」
After Zigong had received his teachings, he asked: 'What kind of person is Ci?' Confucius said: 'You are a vessel.' He said: 'What kind of vessel?' He said: 'A sacrificial vessel.'
38
陳子禽問子貢曰：「仲尼焉學？」 子貢曰：「文武之道未墜於地，在人，賢者識其大者，不賢者識其小者，莫不有文武之道。 夫子焉不學，而亦何常師之有！」 又問曰：「孔子適是國必聞其政。 求之與？ 抑與之與？」 子貢曰：「夫子溫、良、恭、儉、讓以得之。 夫子之求之也，其諸異乎人之求之也。」
Chen Ziqin asked Zigong: 'Where did Zhongni study?' Zigong said: 'The Way of Wen and Wu has not fallen to the earth. It is among people. The worthy recognize the great parts, the unworthy recognize the small parts. No one lacks some part of the Way of Wen and Wu. The Master learns from everyone. What constant teacher does he have!' He asked again: 'Whenever Confucius goes to a state, he always hears about its governance. Does he seek it? Or is it given to him?' Zigong said: 'The Master obtains it through being warm, good, respectful, frugal, and yielding. The Master's way of seeking it is perhaps different from how ordinary people seek it.'
39
子貢問曰：「富而無驕，貧而無諂，何如？」 孔子曰：「可也； 不如貧而樂道，富而好禮。」
Zigong asked: 'What do you think of being rich without arrogance and poor without flattery?' Confucius said: 'That is acceptable; but it is not as good as being poor yet joyful in the Way, or rich yet fond of ritual.'
40
田常欲作亂於齊，憚高、國、鮑、晏，故移其兵欲以伐魯。 孔子聞之，謂門弟子曰：「夫魯，墳墓所處，父母之國，國危如此，二三子何為莫出？」 子路請出，孔子止之。 子張、子石請行，孔子弗許。 子貢請行，孔子許之。
Tian Chang wanted to make rebellion in Qi, but he feared the Gao, Guo, Bao, and Yan families. Therefore he moved his troops and planned to attack Lu. When Confucius heard this, he told his disciples: 'Lu is where our tombs are, our ancestral homeland. The country is in such danger—why do none of you go out?' Zilu requested to go out, but Confucius stopped him. Zizhang and Zishi requested to go, but Confucius did not permit them. Zigong requested to go, and Confucius permitted him.
41
遂行，至齊，說田常曰：「君之伐魯過矣。 夫魯，難伐之國，其城薄以卑，其地狹以泄，其君愚而不仁，大臣偽而無用，其士民又惡甲兵之事，此不可與戰。 君不如伐吳。 夫吳，城高以厚，地廣以深，甲堅以新，士選以飽，重器精兵盡在其中，又使明大夫守之，此易伐也。」 田常忿然作色曰：「子之所難，人之所易； 子之所易，人之所難：而以教常，何也？」 子貢曰：「臣聞之，憂在內者攻彊，憂在外者攻弱。 今君憂在內。 吾聞君三封而三不成者，大臣有不聽者也。 今君破魯以廣齊，戰勝以驕主，破國以尊臣，而君之功不與焉，則交日疏於主。 是君上驕主心，下恣群臣，求以成大事，難矣。 夫上驕則恣，臣驕則爭，是君上與主有卻，下與大臣交爭也。 如此，則君之立於齊危矣。 故曰不如伐吳。 伐吳不勝，民人外死，大臣內空，是君上無彊臣之敵，下無民人之過，孤主制齊者唯君也。」 田常曰：「善。 雖然，吾兵業已加魯矣，去而之吳，大臣疑我，柰何？」 子貢曰：「君按兵無伐，臣請往使吳王，令之救魯而伐齊，君因以兵迎之。」 田常許之，使子貢南見吳王。
He then went and arrived in Qi, where he advised Tian Chang: 'Your attack on Lu is a mistake. Lu is a difficult country to attack. Its walls are thin and low, its land narrow and poorly defended. Its ruler is foolish and unkind, its ministers hypocritical and useless. Its scholars and people hate military affairs. This is not a country one can fight.' You would do better to attack Wu. Wu has high and thick walls, broad and deep territory. Its armor is firm and new, its soldiers selected and well-fed. All its heavy equipment and elite troops are concentrated there, and it is guarded by a wise grand master. This would be easy to attack.' Tian Chang angrily changed color and said: 'What you find difficult, others find easy;' 'what you find easy, others find difficult. Why do you teach this to Chang?' Zigong said: 'I have heard that those whose worries are internal attack the strong, while those whose worries are external attack the weak. Now your worries are internal. I have heard that your three attempts at enfeoffment all failed because your ministers would not listen.' Now if you defeat Lu to enlarge Qi, victory in battle will make your ruler arrogant, destroying a state will honor your ministers, but you will share none of the merit. Your relations with your ruler will grow more distant each day.' 'This will make your ruler arrogant above and indulge your ministers below. Seeking to accomplish great matters will be difficult.' 'When superiors become arrogant they become indulgent, when ministers become arrogant they contend. This means you will retreat above from your ruler and contend below with your ministers.' 'In this way, your position in Qi will be in danger.' 'Therefore I say it is better to attack Wu.' 'If you attack Wu and are not victorious, your people will die abroad and your ministers will be emptied at home. This means above you will have no strong ministers as enemies, below you will have no fault from the people. The isolated ruler controlling Qi will be only you.' Tian Chang said: 'Good. Although, my troops have already been committed to Lu. If I withdraw and go to Wu, my ministers will suspect me. What should I do?' Zigong said: 'My lord should hold his troops and not attack. I will go and persuade the King of Wu to save Lu and attack Qi. My lord can then meet him with troops.' Tian Chang agreed and sent Zigong south to see the King of Wu.
42
說曰：「臣聞之，王者不絕世，霸者無彊敵，千鈞之重加銖兩而移。 今以萬乘之齊而私千乘之魯，與吳爭彊，竊為王危之。 且夫救魯，顯名也； 伐齊，大利也。 以撫泗上諸侯，誅暴齊以服彊晉，利莫大焉。 名存亡魯，實困彊齊。 智者不疑也。」 吳王曰：「善。 雖然，吾嘗與越戰，棲之會稽。 越王苦身養士，有報我心。 子待我伐越而聽子。」 子貢曰：「越之勁不過魯，吳之彊不過齊，王置齊而伐越，則齊已平魯矣。 且王方以存亡繼絕為名，夫伐小越而畏彊齊，非勇也。 夫勇者不避難，仁者不窮約，智者不失時，王者不絕世，以立其義。 今存越示諸侯以仁，救魯伐齊，威加晉國，諸侯必相率而朝吳，霸業成矣。 且王必惡越，臣請東見越王，令出兵以從，此實空越，名從諸侯以伐也。」 吳王大說，乃使子貢之越。
He advised: 'I have heard that kings do not cut off lineages, hegemons have no strong enemies. A weight of a thousand jun will move when just a zhu liang is added. Now a Qi with ten thousand chariots is privately helping a Lu with a thousand chariots, contending with Wu for strength. I secretly consider this dangerous for your majesty.' 'Moreover, saving Lu will manifest your name;' 'attacking Qi will bring great profit.' 'With this you can pacify the feudal lords along the Si River, execute the violent Qi to submit the strong Jin. No profit could be greater.' 'In name you preserve the perishing Lu, in reality you exhaust the strong Qi.' 'The wise do not doubt this.' The King of Wu said: 'Good. Although, I once battled with Yue and made them dwell at Kuai Ji. The King of Yue toils and nourishes troops. He has the heart to avenge me.' You wait for me to attack Yue, then I will listen to you.' Zigong said: 'Yue's strength does not exceed Lu's, Wu's power does not exceed Qi's. If your majesty ignores Qi and attacks Yue, then Qi will have already pacified Lu. Moreover, your majesty has just taken preserving the perishing and continuing the cut off as your name. To attack small Yue but fear strong Qi is not brave.' 'The brave do not avoid difficulty, the benevolent are not constrained by poverty, the wise do not lose the moment, kings do not cut off lineages—to establish their righteousness.' 'Now preserve Yue to show benevolence to the feudal lords, save Lu and attack Qi, add awe to the state of Jin—the feudal lords will surely lead each other to court Wu, and the hegemon's achievement will be complete.' 'Moreover, your majesty must hate Yue. I will go east to see the King of Yue and make him send troops to follow. This will truly empty Yue, in name following the feudal lords to attack.' The King of Wu was greatly pleased and sent Zigong to Yue.
43
越王除道郊迎，身御至舍而問曰：「此蠻夷之國，大夫何以儼然辱而臨之？」 子貢曰：「今者吾說吳王以救魯伐齊，其志欲之而畏越，曰『待我伐越乃可』。 如此，破越必矣。 且夫無報人之志而令人疑之，拙也； 有報人之志，使人知之，殆也； 事未發而先聞，危也。 三者舉事之大患。」 句踐頓首再拜曰：「孤嘗不料力，乃與吳戰，困於會稽，痛入於骨髓，日夜焦脣乾舌，徒欲與吳王接踵而死，孤之願也。」 遂問子貢。 子貢曰：「吳王為人猛暴，群臣不堪； 國家敝以數戰，士卒弗忍； 百姓怨上，大臣內變； 子胥以諫死，太宰嚭用事，順君之過以安其私：是殘國之治也。 今王誠發士卒佐之徼其志，重寶以說其心，卑辭以尊其禮，其伐齊必也。 彼戰不勝，王之福矣。 戰勝，必以兵臨晉，臣請北見晉君，令共攻之，弱吳必矣。 其銳兵盡於齊，重甲困於晉，而王制其敝，此滅吳必矣。」 越王大說，許諾。 送子貢金百鎰，劍一，良矛二。 子貢不受，遂行。
The King of Yue cleared the road and welcomed him in the suburbs. He personally drove to the lodge and asked: 'This is a barbarian Yi country. Why does the grand master solemnly condescend to visit it?' Zigong said: 'Now I advised the King of Wu to save Lu and attack Qi. His will desires it but he fears Yue, saying "Wait for me to attack Yue, then it can be done."' In this way, defeating Yue is certain.' 'Moreover, to have no will to avenge people but make them suspect it is clumsy;' 'to have the will to avenge people but make them know it is dangerous;' 'for affairs not yet begun to be heard beforehand is perilous.' 'These three are the great calamities of managing affairs.' Gou Jian knocked his head on the ground and bowed twice, saying: 'I once did not measure my strength and battled with Wu. I was trapped at Kuai Ji. The pain entered my bone marrow. Day and night my lips were scorched and my tongue dry. I only wished to follow close on the heels of the King of Wu and die. That was my wish.' He then asked Zigong. Zigong said: 'The King of Wu is fierce and violent, his ministers cannot bear it;' 'the state is depleted from frequent battles, the soldiers cannot endure;' 'the people resent their superiors, the ministers are internally rebellious;' 'Zixu died from remonstrating, Grand Steward Pi governs, follows the ruler's excesses to secure his private interests: this is the governance of a remnant country.' 'Now if your majesty sincerely sends troops to assist him and realize his ambitions, heavy treasures to please his heart, humble words to honor his ritual, his attack on Qi will certainly succeed.' 'If they do not win the battle, it will be your majesty's blessing.' 'If they win, they will certainly approach Jin with troops. I will go north to see the Jin ruler and make him jointly attack Wu. Weakening Wu will be certain.' 'Its sharp troops will be exhausted at Qi, its heavy armor trapped at Jin, and your majesty will control their depleted state. This will certainly extinguish Wu.' The King of Yue was greatly pleased and agreed. He sent Zigong a hundred yi of gold, one sword, and two fine spears. Zigong did not accept them and departed.
44
報吳王曰：「臣敬以大王之言告越王，越王大恐，曰：『孤不幸，少失先人，內不自量，抵罪於吳，軍敗身辱，棲于會稽，國為虛莽，賴大王之賜，使得奉俎豆而修祭祀，死不敢忘，何謀之敢慮！』」 後五日，越使大夫種頓首言於吳王曰：「東海役臣孤句踐使者臣種，敢修下吏問於左右。 今竊聞大王將興大義，誅彊救弱，困暴齊而撫周室，請悉起境內士卒三千人，孤請自被堅執銳，以先受矢石。 因越賤臣種奉先人藏器，甲二十領，鈇屈盧之矛，步光之劍，以賀軍吏。」 吳王大說，以告子貢曰：「越王欲身從寡人伐齊，可乎？」 子貢曰：「不可。 夫空人之國，悉人之眾，又從其君，不義。 君受其幣，許其師，而辭其君。」 吳王許諾，乃謝越王。 於是吳王乃遂發九郡兵伐齊。
He reported to the King of Wu: 'I respectfully conveyed your majesty's words to the King of Yue. The King of Yue was greatly terrified and said: "I was unfortunate, losing my ancestors when young. Internally I did not measure myself and offended Wu. My army was defeated and my body humiliated. I dwelt at Kuai Ji. My country became an empty wilderness. Relying on your majesty's grant, I obtained the sacrificial vessels to maintain sacrifices. In death I dare not forget. What plotting would I dare consider!"' After five days, Yue sent Grand Master Zhong who knocked his head and spoke to the King of Wu: 'East Sea servant, the lonely Gou Jian's envoy, subject Zhong, dares as a petty official to inquire at your side.' 'Now I have secretly heard that your majesty will raise great righteousness, execute the strong and save the weak, exhaust the violent Qi and pacify the Zhou house. I request to raise all soldiers within my borders, three thousand men. I will personally don armor and grasp sharp weapons, to first receive the arrows and stones.' 'Because the petty minister of Yue, Zhong, presents his ancestors' hidden treasures: twenty suits of armor, Fu Qulu axes, Buguang swords, to congratulate the army officials.' The King of Wu was greatly pleased and told Zigong: 'The King of Yue wishes to personally follow me to attack Qi. Is this acceptable?' Zigong said: 'It cannot be done. To empty another's country and take all their multitude, and moreover follow their ruler, is not righteous.' My lord should accept their tribute, permit their troops, but decline their ruler.' The King of Wu agreed and then declined the King of Yue. Thereupon the King of Wu mobilized the troops of nine commanderies to attack Qi.
45
子貢因去之晉，謂晉君曰：「臣聞之，慮不先定不可以應卒，兵不先辨不可以勝敵。 今夫齊與吳將戰，彼戰而不勝，越亂之必矣； 與齊戰而勝，必以其兵臨晉。」 晉君大恐，曰：「為之柰何？」 子貢曰：「修兵休卒以待之。」 晉君許諾。
Zigong then went to Jin and told the Jin ruler: 'I have heard that plans not decided beforehand cannot respond to emergencies, troops not prepared beforehand cannot defeat enemies. Now Qi and Wu will battle. If they battle and Wu is not victorious, Yue will certainly disrupt them;' 'if Wu battles with Qi and wins, they will certainly approach Jin with troops.' The Jin ruler was greatly terrified and said: 'What should be done?' Zigong said: 'Repair your troops and rest your soldiers to await them.' The Jin ruler agreed.
46
子貢去而之魯。 吳王果與齊人戰於艾陵，大破齊師，獲七將軍之兵而不歸，果以兵臨晉，與晉人相遇黃池之上。 吳晉爭彊。 晉人擊之，大敗吳師。 越王聞之，涉江襲吳，去城七里而軍。 吳王聞之，去晉而歸，與越戰於五湖。 三戰不勝，城門不守，越遂圍王宮，殺夫差而戮其相。 破吳三年，東向而霸。
Zigong departed and went to Lu. Indeed the King of Wu battled with the Qi people at Ailing, greatly defeated the Qi troops, obtained the troops of seven generals but did not return, indeed approached Jin with troops, and met the Jin people above Huangchi. Wu and Jin contended for strength. The Jin people attacked them and greatly defeated the Wu troops. The King of Yue heard this and crossed the Jiang to attack Wu, camping seven li from the city. The King of Wu heard this, left Jin and returned, battling with Yue at the Five Lakes. After three battles without victory and the city gates undefended, Yue surrounded the royal palace, killed Fuchai, and executed his minister. Three years after breaking Wu, facing east he became hegemon.
47
故子貢一出，存魯，亂齊，破吳，彊晉而霸越。 子貢一使，使勢相破，十年之中，五國各有變。
Therefore with Zigong's one departure, he preserved Lu, disordered Qi, broke Wu, strengthened Jin, and made Yue hegemon. With Zigong's one mission, he made the powers break each other. Within ten years, the five states each underwent change.
48
子貢好廢舉，與時轉貨貲。 喜揚人之美，不能匿人之過。 常相魯衛，家累千金，卒終于齊。
Zigong liked dismissing and promoting officials, and circulated wealth according to the times. He delighted in extolling people's virtues and could not conceal their faults. He often assisted Lu and Wei. His family accumulated a thousand jin. He finally died in Qi.
49
言偃，吳人，字子游。 少孔子四十五歲。
Yan Yan was a man from Wu, whose courtesy name was Ziyou. He was forty-five years younger than Confucius.
50
子游既已受業，為武城宰。 孔子過，聞弦歌之聲。 孔子莞爾而笑曰：「割雞焉用牛刀？」 子游曰：「昔者偃聞諸夫子曰，君子學道則愛人，小人學道則易使。」 孔子曰：「二三子，偃之言是也。 前言戲之耳。」 孔子以為子游習於文學。
After Ziyou had received his teachings, he became magistrate of Wucheng. Confucius passed by and heard the sounds of string and song. Confucius smiled and said: 'Why use an ox-cleaver to cut a chicken?' Ziyou said: 'Formerly Yan heard from the Master: When a gentleman learns the Way, he loves people; when a petty man learns the Way, he becomes easy to employ.' Confucius said: 'You disciples, Yan's words are correct. My previous words were just in jest.' Confucius considered Ziyou practiced in literature.
51
卜商字子夏。 少孔子四十四歲。
Bu Shang, whose courtesy name was Zixia. He was forty-four years younger than Confucius.
52
子夏問：「『巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮，素以為絢兮』，何謂也？」 子曰：「繪事後素。」 曰：「禮後乎？」 孔子曰：「商始可與言詩已矣。」
Zixia asked: 'What does "Graceful smiles dimpling, beautiful eyes gazing, plain silk as ornament" mean?' The Master said: 'Painting follows the plain base.' He said: 'Does ritual come after?' Confucius said: 'Shang can now discuss poetry.'
53
子貢問：「師與商孰賢？」 子曰：「師也過，商也不及。」 「然則師愈與？」 曰：「過猶不及。」
Zigong asked: 'Which is more worthy, Shi or Shang?' The Master said: 'Shi exceeds, Shang does not reach.' 'Then is Shi better?' He said: 'Exceeding is the same as not reaching.'
54
子謂子夏曰：「汝為君子儒，無為小人儒。」
The Master told Zixia: 'Be a gentleman ru, do not be a petty man ru.'
55
孔子既沒，子夏居西河教授，為魏文侯師。 其子死，哭之失明。
After Confucius passed away, Zixia dwelt by the Xi River and taught, becoming the teacher of Duke Wen of Wei. His son died, and he cried until he lost his sight.
56
顓孫師，陳人，字子張。 少孔子四十八歲。
Zhuansun Shi was a man from Chen, whose courtesy name was Zizhang. He was forty-eight years younger than Confucius.
57
子張問干祿，孔子曰：「多聞闕疑，慎言其餘，則寡尤； 多見闕殆，慎行其餘，則寡悔。 言寡尤，行寡悔，祿在其中矣。」
Zizhang asked about seeking office. Confucius said: 'Hear much and leave doubts, speak carefully about the rest, then you will have few faults;' 'see much and leave perils, act carefully about the rest, then you will have few regrets.' 'Speak with few faults, act with few regrets, and office will be in your midst.'
58
他日從在陳蔡閒，困，問行。 孔子曰：「言忠信，行篤敬，雖蠻貊之國行也； 言不忠信，行不篤敬，雖州裏行乎哉！ 立則見其參於前也，在輿則見其倚於衡，夫然後行。」 子張書諸紳。
Another day while following between Chen and Cai, distressed, he asked about conduct. Confucius said: 'Speak with loyalty and faithfulness, act with solid respectfulness, and you can go even to barbarian Man and Mo countries;' 'speak without loyalty and faithfulness, act without solid respectfulness, and though it be your own state and neighborhood, can you go?' 'When standing, see it standing before you; when in a carriage, see it leaning on the yoke. Only then may you go.' Zizhang wrote it on his sash.
59
子張問：「士何如斯可謂之達矣？」 孔子曰：「何哉，爾所謂達者？」 子張對曰：「在國必聞，在家必聞。」 孔子曰：「是聞也，非達也。 夫達者，質直而好義，察言而觀色，慮以下人，在國及家必達。 夫聞也者，色取仁而行違，居之不疑，在國及家必聞。」
Zizhang asked: 'What must a scholar be like to be called attained?' Confucius said: 'What do you mean by attained?' Zizhang replied: 'In the state he must be famous, in the home he must be famous.' Confucius said: 'This is fame, not attainment. The attained are straightforward in substance and love righteousness. They examine words and observe expressions. They consider yielding to others. In state and home they must be attained.' The famous take benevolence in appearance but violate it in conduct. They dwell in it without doubt. In state and home they must be famous.'
60
曾參，南武城人，字子輿。 少孔子四十六歲。
Zeng Shen was a man from Nan Wucheng, whose courtesy name was Ziyu. He was forty-six years younger than Confucius.
61
孔子以為能通孝道，故授之業。 作《孝經》。 死於魯。
Confucius considered him able to penetrate the way of filial piety, therefore he taught him his teachings. He composed the Classic of Filial Piety. He died in Lu.
62
澹臺滅明，武城人，字子羽。 少孔子三十九歲。
Dantai Mieming was a man from Wucheng, whose courtesy name was Ziyou. He was thirty-nine years younger than Confucius.
63
狀貌甚惡。 欲事孔子，孔子以為材薄。 既已受業，退而修行，行不由徑，非公事不見卿大夫。
His appearance was very ugly. He wished to serve Confucius, but Confucius considered his talent thin. Having received his teachings, he withdrew and practiced conduct. His conduct did not take shortcuts. He did not see grand masters except for public affairs.
64
南游至江，從弟子三百人，設取予去就，名施乎諸侯。 孔子聞之，曰：「吾以言取人，失之宰予； 以貌取人，失之子羽。」
He toured south to the Jiang with three hundred followers. He established principles of taking and giving, departing and remaining. His name extended to the feudal lords. Confucius heard this and said: 'I take people by their words and lost Zai Yu;' 'I take people by their appearance and lost Ziyou.'
65
宓不齊字子賤。 少孔子三十歲。
Mi Buqi, whose courtesy name was Zijian. He was thirty years younger than Confucius.
66
孔子謂子賤，「君子哉！ 魯無君子，斯焉取斯？」
Confucius said to Zijian, 'What a gentleman! If there were no gentlemen in Lu, where did this one come from?'
67
子賤為單父宰，反命於孔子，曰：「此國有賢不齊者五人，教不齊所以治者。」 孔子曰：「惜哉不齊所治者小，所治者大則庶幾矣。」
Zijian became magistrate of Shanfu and reported back to Confucius: 'This state has five people whose talents are unmatched. I teach them to govern by not being overly controlling.' Confucius said: 'What a pity! Buqi governs only a small area. If he governed a large one, he would nearly achieve perfection.'
68
原憲字子思。
Yuan Xian, whose courtesy name was Zisi.
69
子思問恥。 孔子曰：「國有道，穀。 國無道，穀，恥也。」
Zisi asked about shame. Confucius said: 'When the state follows the Way, then salary when the state does not follow the Way, then salary is shameful.'
70
子思曰：「克、伐、怨、欲不行焉，可以為仁乎？」 孔子曰：「可以為難矣，仁則吾弗知也。」
Zisi said: 'If one does not practice conquest, boasting, resentment, or desire, can this be called benevolence?' Confucius said: 'That can be called difficult. But as for benevolence, I do not know.'
71
孔子卒，原憲遂亡在草澤中。 子貢相衛，而結駟連騎，排藜藿入窮閻，過謝原憲。 憲攝敝衣冠見子貢。 子貢恥之，曰：「夫子豈病乎？」 原憲曰：「吾聞之，無財者謂之貧，學道而不能行者謂之病。 若憲，貧也，非病也。」 子貢慚，不懌而去，終身恥其言之過也。
After Confucius died, Yuanxian went into hiding among the reeds and marshes. Zigong served as prime minister of Wei, riding in a carriage drawn by four horses followed by outriders. He pushed aside the thorn gate and entered the poor alley to visit and thank Yuanxian. Xian adjusted his tattered clothes and cap before seeing Zigong. Zigong felt ashamed and said: 'Master, are you perhaps ill?' Yuanxian said: 'I have heard that one without wealth is called poor, but one who learns the Way yet cannot practice it is called ill. As for me, Xian, I am poor, but not ill.' Zigong felt ashamed, left displeased, and was ashamed of his excessive words for the rest of his life.
72
公冶長，齊人，字子長。
Gongye Chang was a man from Qi, whose courtesy name was Zichang.
73
孔子曰：「長可妻也，雖在累紲之中，非其罪也。」 以其子妻之。
Confucius said: 'Chang can be married off. Though he is in fetters, it is not his crime.' He gave his daughter in marriage to him.
74
南宮括字子容。
Nangong Kuo, whose courtesy name was Zirong.
75
問孔子曰：「羿善射，奡盪舟，俱不得其死然； 禹稷躬稼而有天下？」 孔子弗答。 容出，孔子曰：「君子哉若人！ 上德哉若人！」 「國有道，不廢； 國無道，免於刑戮。」 三復「白珪之玷」，以其兄之子妻之。
He asked Confucius: 'Yi was skilled at archery, Ao capsized the boat - both met untimely deaths; Yu and Ji personally farmed and obtained the world?' Confucius did not answer. After Rong left, Confucius said: 'What a gentleman that person is! What superior virtue that person has!' 'When the state follows the Way, he is not discarded; when the state does not follow the Way, he avoids punishment and execution.' He recited the 'White Jade Flaw' three times and gave his brother's daughter in marriage to him.
76
公皙哀字季次。
Gongxi Ai, whose courtesy name was Jici.
77
孔子曰：「天下無行，多為家臣，仕於都； 唯季次未嘗仕。」
Confucius said: 'The world lacks proper conduct. Many become retainers in noble houses and serve in the capitals; only Jici has never held office.'
78
曾蒧字皙。 侍孔子，孔子曰：「言爾志。」 蒧曰：「春服既成，冠者五六人，童子六七人，浴乎沂，風乎舞雩，詠而歸。」 孔子喟爾嘆曰：「吾與蒧也！」
Zeng Dian, whose courtesy name was Xi. He attended Confucius. Confucius said: 'Speak of your ambitions.' Dian said: 'When spring clothes are finished, with five or six youths and six or seven boys, we bathe in the Yi River, enjoy the breeze at the Rain Dance Altar, and return singing.' Confucius sighed deeply and said: 'I am with Dian!'
79
顏無繇字路。 路者，顏回父，父子嘗各異時事孔子。
Yan Wuyou, whose courtesy name was Lu. Lu was Yan Hui's father. Father and son each served Confucius at different times.
80
顏回死，顏路貧，請孔子車以葬。 孔子曰：「材不材，亦各言其子也。 鯉也死，有棺而無槨，吾不徒行以為之槨，以吾從大夫之後，不可以徒行。」
When Yan Hui died, Yan Lu was poor and requested Confucius's carriage for the burial. Confucius said: 'Whether able or not able, each person speaks of their own son. When Li died, he had a coffin but no outer coffin. I would not walk on foot to provide an outer coffin, because I follow after grand masters and cannot walk on foot.'
81
商瞿，魯人，字子木。 少孔子二十九歲。
Shang Qu was a man from Lu, whose courtesy name was Zimu. He was twenty-nine years younger than Confucius.
82
孔子傳易於瞿，瞿傳楚人馯臂子弘，弘傳江東人矯子庸疵，疵傳燕人周子家豎，豎傳淳于人光子乘羽，羽傳齊人田子莊何，何傳東武人王子中同，同傳菑川人楊何。 何元朔中以治易為漢中大夫。
Confucius transmitted the Changes to Qu, Qu transmitted it to the Chu man Chanbi Zihong, Hong transmitted it to the Jiangdong man Jiao Ziyongci, Ci transmitted it to the Yan man Zhou Zijia Shu, Shu transmitted it to the Chunyu man Guang Zi Chengyu, Yu transmitted it to the Qi man Tian Zizhuang He, He transmitted it to the Dongwu man Wang Zizhong Tong, Tong transmitted it to the Zichuan man Yang He. In the middle of the Yuanshuo era, He became the Zhongdafu of Han for his mastery of the Changes.
83
高柴字子羔。 少孔子三十歲。
Gao Chai, whose courtesy name was Zigao. He was thirty years younger than Confucius.
84
子羔長不盈五尺，受業孔子，孔子以為愚。
Zigao was not even five chi tall. He studied under Confucius, who considered him foolish.
85
子路使子羔為費郈宰，孔子曰：「賊夫人之子！」 子路曰：「有民人焉，有社稷焉，何必讀書然後為學！」 孔子曰：「是故惡夫佞者。」
Zilu appointed Zigao as magistrate of Feihou. Confucius said: 'This will harm such a person's son!' Zilu said: 'There are people and there are altars of soil and grain. Why must one read books before one can be considered learned?' Confucius said: 'This is why I hate glib speakers.'
86
漆雕開字子開。
Qi Diao Kai, whose courtesy name was Zikai.
87
孔子使開仕，對曰：「吾斯之未能信。」 孔子說。
Confucius urged Kai to take office. He replied: 'I am not yet confident in this.' Confucius was pleased.
88
公伯繚字子周。
Gong Bo Liao, whose courtesy name was Zizhou.
89
周訴子路於季孫，子服景伯以告孔子，曰：「夫子固有惑志，繚也，吾力猶能肆諸市朝。」 孔子曰：「道之將行，命也； 道之將廢，命也。 公伯繚其如命何！」
Zhou slandered Zilu to Jisun. Zifu Jingbo informed Confucius, saying: 'Master indeed has confused intentions. As for Liao, my strength can still expose him in the marketplace and court.' Confucius said: 'Whether the Way will advance or not is fate; whether the Way will decline or not is fate. What can Gong Bo Liao do against fate!'
90
司馬耕字子牛。
Sima Geng, whose courtesy name was Ziniu.
91
牛多言而躁。 問仁於孔子，孔子曰：「仁者其言也讱。」 曰：「其言也讱，斯可謂之仁乎？」 子曰：「為之難，言之得無讱乎！」
Niu talked a lot and was hasty. He asked Confucius about benevolence. Confucius said: 'The benevolent person is sparing with his words.' He said: 'If his words are sparing, can this be called benevolence?' The Master said: 'To do it is difficult. How could speaking not be sparing!'
92
問君子，子曰：「君子不憂不懼。」 曰：「不憂不懼，斯可謂之君子乎？」 子曰：「內省不疚，夫何憂何懼！」
He asked about the gentleman. The Master said: 'The gentleman does not worry or fear.' He said: 'If one does not worry or fear, can this be called a gentleman?' The Master said: 'If upon internal examination one finds no guilt, what is there to worry about or fear!'
93
樊須字子遲。 少孔子三十六歲。
Fan Xu, whose courtesy name was Zichi. He was thirty-six years younger than Confucius.
94
樊遲請學稼，孔子曰：「吾不如老農。」 請學圃，曰：「吾不如老圃。」 樊遲出，孔子曰：「小人哉樊須也！ 上好禮，則民莫敢不敬； 上好義，則民莫敢不服； 上好信，則民莫敢不用情。 夫如是，則四方之民襁負其子而至矣，焉用稼！」
Fanchi requested to learn farming. Confucius said: 'I am not as good as an old farmer.' He requested to learn gardening. Confucius said: 'I am not as good as an old gardener.' When Fanchi left, Confucius said: 'What a petty man Fanxu is! If the superior values ritual, then the people will dare not fail to respect; if the superior values righteousness, then the people will dare not fail to submit; if the superior values faithfulness, then the people will dare not fail to use sincerity. If it is like this, then people from the four directions will carry their children on their backs and come. What use is farming!'
95
樊遲問仁，子曰：「愛人。」 問智，曰：「知人。」
Fanchi asked about benevolence. The Master said: 'Love people.' He asked about wisdom. Confucius said: 'Know people.'
96
有若少孔子四十三歲。 有若曰：「禮之用，和為貴，先王之道斯為美。 小大由之，有所不行； 知和而和，不以禮節之，亦不可行也。」 「信近於義，言可復也； 恭近於禮，遠恥辱也； 因不失其親，亦可宗也。」
Youruo was forty-three years younger than Confucius. Youruo said: 'In the application of ritual, harmony is precious. The way of the former kings was beautiful in this.' Small and great follow it, but there are things that cannot be practiced; to know harmony and achieve harmony, but not to moderate it with ritual, cannot be practiced either.' 'Faithfulness approaches righteousness, and words can be repeated; respect approaches ritual, and stays far from shame and humiliation; because of this, one does not lose one's relatives, and can also be ancestral.'
97
孔子既沒，弟子思慕，有若狀似孔子，弟子相與共立為師，師之如夫子時也。 他日，弟子進問曰：「昔夫子當行，使弟子持雨具，已而果雨。 弟子問曰：『夫子何以知之？』 夫子曰：『《詩》不云乎？ 「月離于畢，俾滂沱矣。」 昨暮月不宿畢乎？』 他日，月宿畢，竟不雨。 商瞿年長無子，其母為取室。 孔子使之齊，瞿母請之。 孔子曰：『無憂，瞿年四十後當有五丈夫子。』 已而果然。 問夫子何以知此？」 有若默然無以應。 弟子起曰：「有子避之，此非子之座也！」
After Confucius died, the disciples thought of him longingly. Youruo resembled Confucius in appearance, so the disciples together established him as teacher and treated him as they had the Master. Another day, the disciples came forward and asked: 'Formerly when the Master was about to travel, he had disciples carry rain gear, and afterward it indeed rained. The disciples asked: 'How did the Master know this?' The Master said: 'Does the Poetry not say?' 'When the moon leaves Bi, it brings pouring rain.' Did the moon not lodge in Bi last evening?' Another day, when the moon lodged in Bi, in the end it did not rain. Shang Qu was old and had no son, so his mother took a wife for him. Confucius sent him to Qi. Qu's mother requested him to stay. Confucius said: 'Do not worry. After Qu reaches forty, he should have five sons.' And indeed it happened. They asked: 'How did the Master know this?' Youruo was silent and had no response. The disciples rose and said: 'Master You, avoid this. This is not your seat!'
98
公西赤字子華。 少孔子四十二歲。
Gong Xi Chi, whose courtesy name was Zihua. He was forty-two years younger than Confucius.
99
子華使於齊，冉有為其母請粟。 孔子曰：「與之釜。」 請益，曰：「與之庾。」 冉子與之粟五秉。 孔子曰：「赤之適齊也，乘肥馬，衣輕裘。 吾聞君子周急不繼富。」
Zihua was sent as envoy to Qi. Ran You requested grain for his mother. Confucius said: 'Give him a fu.' He requested more. Confucius said: 'Give him a yu.' Ran Zi gave him five bing of grain. Confucius said: 'When Chi went to Qi, he rode fat horses and wore light furs. I have heard that gentlemen help the urgent but do not continue the rich.'
100
巫馬施字子旗。 少孔子三十歲。
Wu Ma Shi, whose courtesy name was Ziqi. He was thirty years younger than Confucius.
101
陳司敗問孔子曰：「魯昭公知禮乎？」 孔子曰：「知禮。」 退而揖巫馬旗曰：「吾聞君子不黨，君子亦黨乎？ 魯君娶吳女為夫人，命之為孟子。 孟子姓姬，諱稱同姓，故謂之孟子。 魯君而知禮，孰不知禮！」 施以告孔子，孔子曰：「丘也幸，茍有過，人必知之。 臣不可言君親之惡，為諱者，禮也。」
Chen Sibai asked Confucius: 'Does Duke Zhao of Lu know ritual?' Confucius said: 'He knows ritual.' He retreated and bowed to Wu Ma Qi, saying: 'I have heard that gentlemen are not partisan. Are gentlemen also partisan? The Lord of Lu took a woman from Wu as his consort and named her Mengzi. Mengzi had the surname Ji. Because of the taboo against speaking of the same surname, she was therefore called Mengzi. If the Lord of Lu knows ritual, who does not know ritual!' Shi told Confucius this. Confucius said: 'Qiu is fortunate. If he has errors, people will certainly know them.' A minister cannot speak of the lord's or relatives' evils. Such taboos are ritual.'
102
梁鱣字叔魚。 少孔子二十九歲。
Liang Lian, whose courtesy name was Shuyu. He was twenty-nine years younger than Confucius.
103
顏幸字子柳。 少孔子四十六歲。
Yan Xing, whose courtesy name was Ziliu. He was forty-six years younger than Confucius.
104
冉孺字子魯，少孔子五十歲。
Ran Ru, whose courtesy name was Zilu, was fifty years younger than Confucius.
105
曹卹字子循。 少孔子五十歲。
Cao Xu, whose courtesy name was Zixun. He was fifty years younger than Confucius.
106
伯虔字子析，少孔子五十歲。
Bo Qian, whose courtesy name was Zixi, was fifty years younger than Confucius.
107
公孫龍字子石。 少孔子五十三歲。
Gong Sun Long, whose courtesy name was Zishi. He was fifty-three years younger than Confucius.
108
自子石已右三十五人，顯有年名及受業見于書傳。 其四十有二人，無年及不見書傳者紀于左：
From Zishi and the thirty-five above him, their manifest years, names, and studies under Confucius are seen in the book transmissions. There are forty-two others whose years are not known and who are not seen in the book transmissions. They are recorded below:
109
冉季字子產。
Ran Ji, whose courtesy name was Zichan.
110
公祖句茲字子之。
Gong Zu Gou Ci, whose courtesy name was Zi Zhi.
111
秦祖字子南。
Qin Zu, whose courtesy name was Zinang.
112
漆雕哆字子斂。
Qi Diao Duo, whose courtesy name was Zilian.
113
顏高字子驕。
Yan Gao, whose courtesy name was Zijiao.
114
漆雕徒父。
Qi Diao Tufu.
115
壤駟赤字子徒。
Rang Si Chi, whose courtesy name was Zitu.
116
商澤。
Shang Ze.
117
石作蜀字子明。
Shi Zuo Shu, whose courtesy name was Ziming.
118
任不齊字選。
Ren Buqi, whose courtesy name was Xuan.
119
公良孺字子正。
Gong Liang Ru, whose courtesy name was Zizheng.
120
后處字子裏。
Hou Chu, whose courtesy name was Zili.
121
秦冉字開。
Qin Ran, whose courtesy name was Kai.
122
公夏首字乘。
Gong Xia Shou, whose courtesy name was Cheng.
123
奚容箴字子皙。
Xi Rong Zhen, whose courtesy name was Zixi.
124
公肩定字子中。
Gong Jian Ding, whose courtesy name was Zizhong.
125
顏祖字襄。
Yan Zu, whose courtesy name was Xiang.
126
鄡單字子家。
Meng Shan, whose courtesy name was Zijia.
127
句井疆。
Gou Jing Jiang.
128
罕父黑字子索。
Han Fu Hei, whose courtesy name was Zisuo.
129
秦商字子丕。
Qin Shang, whose courtesy name was Zipi.
130
申黨字周。
Shen Dang, whose courtesy name was Zhou.
131
顏之仆字叔。
Yan Zhi Pu, whose courtesy name was Shu.
132
榮旂字子祈。
Rong Qi, whose courtesy name was Ziqi.
133
縣成字子祺。
Xuan Cheng, whose courtesy name was Ziqi.
134
左人郢字行。
Zuo Ren Ying, whose courtesy name was Xing.
135
燕伋字思。
Yan Ji, whose courtesy name was Si.
136
鄭國字子徒。
Zheng Guo, whose courtesy name was Zitu.
137
秦非字子之。
Qin Fei, whose courtesy name was Zizhi.
138
施之常字子恒。
Shi Zhi Chang, whose courtesy name was Ziheng.
139
顏噲字子聲。
Yan Kuai, whose courtesy name was Zisheng.
140
步叔乘字子車。
Bu Shu Cheng, whose courtesy name was Ziche.
141
原亢籍。
Yuan Kang Ji.
142
樂欬字子聲。
Yue Kai, whose courtesy name was Zisheng.
143
廉絜字庸。
Lian Jie, whose courtesy name was Yong.
144
叔仲會字子期。
Shu Zhong Hui, whose courtesy name was Ziqi.
145
顏何字冉。
Yan He, whose courtesy name was Ran.
146
狄黑字皙。
Di Hei, whose courtesy name was Xi.
147
邦巽字子斂。
Bang Xun, whose courtesy name was Zilian.
148
孔忠。
Kong Zhong.
149
公西輿如字子上。
Gong Xi Yu Ru, whose courtesy name was Zishang.
150
公西葴字子上。
Gong Xi Xin, whose courtesy name was Zishang.
151
太史公曰：學者多稱七十子之徒，譽者或過其實，毀者或損其真，鈞之未睹厥容貌，則論言弟子籍，出孔氏古文近是。 余以弟子名姓文字悉取論語弟子問并次為篇，疑者闕焉。
The Grand Historian says: Scholars frequently praise the followers of the seventy disciples. Those who praise sometimes exceed reality, those who criticize sometimes diminish the truth. Since I have not seen their appearance in a balanced way, I discuss the disciples' register, and taking it from the Kong clan's ancient texts is nearly correct. I have taken all the disciples' names, surnames, and characters from the Analects' disciples' questions and sequenced them as this chapter. Where there is doubt, I have left it blank.