1
二年春正月甲子，制：上書邪等人並不除監司。
Zhenghe 2, spring, jiazi: Huizong barred heterodox memorial-writers from circuit office.
2
Second month, wuzi new moon: Cai Jing returned as Grand Preceptor in retirement and took a capital mansion. On gengzi, Graceful Beauty Cui became Worthy Consort.
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Third month, wuwu new moon: Gong, Duke of Dingguo, died. On jisi, Huizong examined jinshi at Jiaying Hall. On jimao, seven hundred thirteen Ministry of Rites graduates took rank.
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Fourth month, jichou: magistrates were to preach twelve farming duties, walk the furrows, and reckon who worked. On xinmao, equal-field law returned. A sunspot showed. On jiawu, Huizong feasted Cai Jing and the council at Taiqing Tower. On yisi, Dingguo commissioner Zhong Hu took Kaifu with Three Excellencies ceremony. On gengxu, He Zhizhong became Minister of Works. On renzi, Zhang Shangying was sent where he pleased.
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秋七月壬申，訪天下遺書。 丙子，置禮制局。
Seventh month, renshen: the court hunted lost books empire-wide. On bingzi, the Bureau of Rites Regulation opened.
8
九月壬午，改太尉以冠武階。 癸未，正三公、三孤官。 改侍中為左輔，中書令為右弼，左、右僕射為太宰、少宰，罷尚書令。
Ninth month, renwu: Grand Marshal was set above the military grades. On guiwei, Three Excellencies and Three Solitaries were reordered. Grand Counselor became Left Assistant, Grand Secretary Right Assistant, both Directors Grand and Junior Minister, and Minister-President was struck.
9
冬十月乙巳，得玉圭於民間。
Tenth month, yisi: a jade tablet surfaced from the people.
10
Eleventh month, jiwei: guest, introducing, Four Directions, and upper gate commissioners were named. On wuyin, at winter solstice Huizong received the primal tablet in Daqing Hall and pardoned the realm. On xinsi, Cai Jing became Duke of Lu. He Zhizhong took Junior Tutor, Grand Minister, and the Chancellery; every chief minister rose a step. Twelfth month, jiashen: the grant-land horse-pasture law took effect. On yiyou, Zheng Juzhong was made Special Advanced. On bingxu, Wuxin commissioner Tong Guan became Grand Marshal. On yisi, noble ladies' titles were set in nine ranks. On bingwu, Huizong banqueted the council at Yanfu Palace. On xinhai, Mo became Duke of Weiguo. That year fire took Chengdu and Suzhou. Three hundred eighty-three palace women were sent out. Goryeo brought tribute. Dong Shunzi and Dong Yanbo of Chengdu's Yi submitted; Qi and Heng prefectures were founded.
11
Zhenghe 3, spring, jiwei: Princes of Ding and Jia, Huan and Kai, both became Grand Guardian. On gengshen, Prince of Guangping Gou became acting Grand Guardian. On jiazi, Heaven's gift of the primal tablet was proclaimed at Yongyu and Yongtai tombs. On bingyin, Yu, Prince of Yan, became Grand Tutor. On guiyou, Wang Anshi was made posthumous Prince of Shu, Pang Earl of Linchuan, both enshrined with Confucius. On dingchou, Wu Juhou left office; Zheng Juzhong of Viewing Literature took Military Affairs. On jimao, Prince of Yue Wang Si became Grand Tutor and Jian Duke of Hanguo.
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Second month, jiashen: Virtuous Consort Wang became Gracious Consort. On gengyin, civil merit ranks ended. On xinmao, Empress Dowager Chong'en died without warning. On jiawu, with Liao and Jurchen at grips, Hebei was told to brace the frontier. On dingyou, temple-stipend officers were fixed to three-year terms. On yisi, the roster gained one hundred sixteen Six Dynasties merit ministers.
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Third month, renzi new moon: the sun was eaten. On wuchen, Shenzong's Pure Consort Song became Noble Consort. Yong'an county became Yong'an Army. On guiyou, nineteen upper-academy men took jinshi.
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Fourth month, wuzi: Baohe Hall rose. On gengyin, recovery of Zhen, Bo, and the rest won a grace decree in Zi-Kui. On guisi, Deng Xunren left office. On yisi, Jade Clarity and Harmony Yang Palace went up east of Funing Hall. On bingwu, Ding became Zhongshan Superior Prefecture. On jiyou, Xue Ang of Assisting Governance became Right Vice Director. On gengxu, the New Rites in Five Categories went out.
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五月乙酉，慮囚。 丙申，升蘇州為平江府。 庚子，大盈倉火。 壬寅，以築溱、播進執政官一等。 丙午，葬昭懷皇后于永泰陵。 丁未，詔尚書內省分六司，以掌外省六曹所上之事； 置內宰、副宰、內史、治中等官及都事以下吏員。 己酉，班新燕樂。
Fifth month, yiyou: the court reviewed prisoners. On bingshen, Suzhou became Pingjiang Superior Prefecture. On gengzi, the Great Surplus granary burned. On renyin, fortifying Qin and Bo raised every chief minister one rank. On bingwu, Empress Zhaohuai went to Yongtai tomb. On dingwei, the Inner Secretariat split into six bureaus for the outer six ministries' business; inner chief, deputy, secretary, directors, and clerks down to chief clerks were named. On jiyou, the new banquet music was issued.
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Seventh month, guiwei: Zhaocheng became Qingzuo Army. On jiashen, Wang Gui and Sun Gu regained posthumous titles; Han Zhongyan, Zeng Bu, An Tao, Li Qingchen, Huang Lü, and others regained office. On gengzi, Noble Consort Liu died. On renyin, Bo prefecture returned.
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Eighth month, jiaxu: finished banquet music raised the council one rank. On bingzi, He Zhizhong became Junior Preceptor. On dingchou, Run became Zhenjiang Superior Prefecture. On wuyin, the four circuit sacred peaks were titled kings.
20
Ninth month, gengyin: Justice and Kaifeng could no longer boast empty jails; the rewards for it ended. On wuxu, Noble Consort Liu was made empress posthumously as Mingda.
21
Tenth month, yichou: Huizong reviewed new instruments at Chongzheng and showed antiquities to the hundred officials. On wuchen, winter rites and Jingling audiences were to be led by a hundred Daoist masters bearing insignia. Eleventh month, xinsi: Huizong offered at Jingling Palace. On renwu, the Imperial Temple was feasted; Shenzong's posthumous name was lengthened and Zhezong's retitled. On guiwei, Huizong sacrificed to Heaven at the Round Mound and pardoned the realm. Duan became Xingqing Superior Prefecture. On yiyou, a spirit's descent was announced to the court and A Record of True Heaven's Manifestation was written. On yichou, Worthy Consort Cui became Virtuous Consort. On renchen, Xiang prefecture was walled. On jihai, officeholders were allowed to present men of the Eight Conducts.
22
十二月癸丑，詔天下訪求道教仙經。 乙卯，詔天下貢醫士。 辛酉，太白晝見。 是歲，江東旱，溫、封、滋三州火。 出宮女二百七十有九人。
Twelfth month, guichou: the empire was told to seek Daoist immortal scriptures. On yimao, physicians were summoned as tribute from every circuit. On xinyou, Venus shone by day. That year Jiangdong dried; Wen, Feng, and Zi burned. Two hundred and seventy-nine palace women were released.
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Second month, dingsi: seventeen Upper College students passed the examination. On guihai, Yujing Circuit became Changning Army. On guiyou, the eldest son Huan came of age.
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Third month, bingzi new moon: Gentle Consort Wang became Noble Consort.
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Fourth month, gengxu: at the Department of State Affairs he admonished Cai Jing and He Zhizhong by autograph, advanced their ranks, and gave clerks graded gifts of silk. On guichou, Grand Academy and Imperial Academy students performed court music for review. On jiazi, Rong prefecture became Xu prefecture.
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Fifth month, bingxu: earth rites at the Square Mound began, with Taizu as associate. A grace edict went out empire-wide. The son Ji died.
28
六月戊午，慮囚。 壬申，以廣西溪洞地置隆、兌二州。
Sixth month, wuwu: prisoners were reviewed. On renshen, Guangxi stream-cave lands became Long and Dui prefectures.
29
Seventh month, dingchou: Baoshou Cuihe Lodge opened for sick palace women. On wuyin, lethal poisons at the eastern park gate were burned and further tribute banned. On jiawu, Empress Mingda’s spirit tablet entered a separate temple.
30
八月乙巳，改端明殿學士為延康殿學士，樞密直學士為述古殿直學士。 癸亥，定武臣橫班以五十員為額。
Eighth month, yisi: Duanming academicians became Yankang academicians and Military Affairs direct academicians Shugu direct academicians. On guihai, the lateral military roster was capped at fifty posts.
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冬十月乙巳，復置拱州。
Tenth month, yisi: Gong prefecture was restored.
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Eleventh month, dingchou: the son Chan was enfeoffed Duke of Xiang. Twelfth month, jiyou: completion of the Divine Defense Hall cut empire-wide sentences one degree. On guichou, Court Gentleman for Discussion and Direct Service were each capped at eighty posts. On jiwei, Guangnan’s maritime trade office was ordered to present pearls, rhinoceros horn, and ivory yearly. That year Xiang prefecture reported wild silkworms forming cocoons. Sixty-eight palace women were released.
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Second month, yisi: Huan, Prince of Ding, was made heir apparent. On jiayin, the heir apparent was invested and the realm pardoned. On gengwu, Tong Guan took the six-circuit frontier command. Third month, xinwei new moon: Venus appeared by day. On jimao, the palace examination was held at the Hall of Assembled Elegance. On jiashen, Zhihe and Jiayou succession merit was reviewed; Han Qi became Prince of Wei and Wen Yanbo was restored. On dinghai, establishing the heir restored fifteen hundred demoted civil and military officials. On renchen, Shu prefecture became Deqing Army. On guisi, six hundred and seventy Ministry of Rites examinees received jinshi origin.
36
夏四月甲辰，作葆真宮。 丁未，詣景靈宮，還，幸秘書省，進館職官一等。 庚戌，改集英殿為右文殿。 癸亥，置宣和殿學士。 詔東宮講讀官罷讀史。
Fourth month, jiachen: Baozhen Palace was built. On dingwei, after Jingling Palace he visited the Secretariat and raised academy posts one grade. On gengxu, the Hall of Assembled Elegance became the Hall of Right Culture. On guihai, Xuanhe Hall academicians were established. Lecture officials of the Eastern Palace were ordered to stop reading history.
37
五月壬辰，慮囚。
Fifth month, renchen: prisoners were reviewed.
38
六月癸丑，以修三山河橋，降德音于河北、京東、京西路。
Sixth month, guichou: bridge work on the Sanhe brought a grace edict in Hebei, Jingdong, and Jingxi.
39
Seventh month, wuchen new moon: the sun was eclipsed. On yihai, Ru prefecture became Luhai Army. On dingchou, the Bright Hall was ordered built south of the sleeping quarters. On jiashen, Cai Bian of Zhaoging Army became Grandee of the Palace. On dinghai, the son Yue was enfeoffed Duke of Ying.
40
Eighth month, jiyou: Secretariat land was set aside for the Bright Hall. On xinhai, Tongli Army became Jun prefecture and Pingchuan Army command. Zhongzeng, Heir of the Prince of Pu, died.
41
Ninth month, jimao: Zhongyu became Heir of the Prince of Pu. On bingxu, the son Ying was enfeoffed Duke of Hui. Tenth month, guimao: Wang Zaixi of Songshan became Recluse of Hidden Transcendence. On wuwu, Western Xia brought tribute.
42
Eleventh month, guiyou: descendants of Empress Zhaoxian Du were registered. On gengyin, Koryo sent sons to study at the academy. Twelfth month, jihai: Sui prefecture became Suining prefecture. On gengshen, pacifying the Yanzhou Yi brought a partial amnesty in Sichuan. On guihai, a frontier pacification office was established at Luzhou. That year Pingjiang and Chang, Hu, and Xiu prefectures flooded. Fifty palace women were released.
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閏月壬寅，升潁州為順昌府。 丁未，置道學。
Intercalary month, renyin: Ying prefecture became Shunchang prefecture. On dingwei, Dao learning was established.
45
二月丁亥，詔增廣天下學舍。 庚寅，詔廣京城。
Second month, dinghai: school buildings were ordered expanded empire-wide. On gengyin, the capital expansion was ordered.
46
三月癸丑，賜上舍生十一人及第。
Third month, guichou: eleven Upper College students passed the examination.
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Fourth month, yichou: Daoists assembled at the Upper Pure Talisman Treasure Palace. On xinwei, He Zhizhong was made Grand Tutor and retired, attending court on the new and full moons. On dingchou, Tianning festivals and renxu days allowed redemption below the rod. On bingxu, presents from circuit supervisors and prefects were refused. On gengyin, Cai Jing was told to attend every three days, restored as chief minister, and to run all Three Departments.
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Fifth month, dingyou: tin coin was abolished. On gengzi, Zheng Juzhong became Junior Guardian, Grand Chancellor, and Vice Director of the Chancellery; Liu Zhengfu became Special Advanced, Junior Chancellor, and Vice Director of the Secretariat. On renyin, Deng Xunwu of Baoda Army became director of Military Affairs.
49
Sixth month, bingyin: Secretariat office regulations were promulgated. Sixth month, gengwu: prisoners were reviewed. On jiaxu, Chancellery clerks were capped at Court Gentleman for Direct Service. On guiwei, the heir apparent married Lady Zhu.
50
Seventh month, renchen new moon: Zhenwu city became Zhenwu Army. On jiawu, Virtuous Consort Cui became Noble Consort. On xinhai, Wang Jian of Heyang Three Cities became Grandee of the Palace. The various bandits included Bolou of Yanzhou. (One character missing in the source.) Huang Anjun of Yuanzhou and Li Ao of Dingbian Army were executed; an edict ordered their heads boxed in the armory. On renzi, Hubei received a partial amnesty. On jiwei, red salt formed at the Jiechi salt works. On xinyou, traveling horse commissioners became Investigation Commissioners.
51
Eighth month, renxu new moon: northern commanders were warned against provocation. On renwu, every supervisor and prefect was told to name recluses, however eccentric or hidden. On dinghai, the emperor visited Cai Jing’s residence. On jichou, Jin became Pingyang, Shou became Shouchun, and Qi became Jinan prefecture.
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Ninth month, xinmao new moon: at Jade Pure Harmony and Yang Palace he presented the Jade Emperor’s honorific register and seals. On bingshen, the empire was amnestied. Grotto-heavens and blessed lands were ordered to build temples and cast sacred images. Completion of the Western Inner Palace brought a partial amnesty in the western capital region. On jiwei, Tong Guan became Grandee of the Palace.
53
冬十月乙丑，太白晝見。
Tenth month, yichou: Venus showed by day.
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Eleventh month, dingyou: Huizong offered at Jingling Palace. On wuxu, the Imperial Temple was feasted. On jihai, Huizong sacrificed to Heaven at the Round Mound and pardoned the realm. On gengzi, Minister of Rites Bai Shizhong became Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs. On xinchou, Duke of Wei Cai died. On wushen, Hou Meng became Secretariat vice director and Xue Ang became Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs. On jiwei, Duke of Weiguo Mo was transferred to Duke of Yunguo. The lateral roster was raised to thirteen grades. Twelfth month, jisi: Graceful Lady Liu became Worthy Consort. On wuyin, one chief minister was advanced one rank for the success of the Xinghe advance fortification. On yiyou, the nine tripods were installed at the Pavilion of Circular Images and Fine Tuning. Liu Zhengfu retired as Grandee of the Palace. On wuzi, Zongcui became Grandee of the Palace. That year the Yellow River ran clear at Sanshan in Jizhou. Six hundred palace women were sent out. Goryeo, Champa, Dashi, Zhenla, Dali, and Western Xia brought tribute; Zhi Yongshou of Maozhou's Yi submitted.
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Second month, guihai: Duan Heyu of Dali became Yunnan commissioner and King of Dali. On jiazi, over two thousand Daoists met at Shangqing Baolu Palace and Lin Lingsu was told to explain the Sovereign Lord’s descent. On dingmao, Goryeo jinshi were examined at the Hall of Assembled Elegance. On xinwei, Tianning Wanshou Abbey became Shenxiao Yuqing Wanshou Palace. On yihai, at Shangqing Baolu Palace Lin Lingsu was ordered to expound the Daoist canon.
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Fourth month, gengshen: the Daoist Registry was prompted to style him Teaching Sovereign Lord Emperor, only in teaching documents. On xinyou, Wen prefecture became Yingdao Army.
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五月戊子朔，升慶州為慶陽軍、渭州為平涼軍。 己丑，如玉清和陽宮，上承天效法厚德光大後土皇地祇徽號寶冊。 辛卯，命蔡攸提舉秘書省並左右街道籙院。 乙未，詔權罷宮室修造。 辛丑，祭地于方澤，降德音于諸路。 以監司州縣共為奸贓，令廉訪使者察奏，仍許民徑赴尚書省陳訴。 癸卯，改玉清和陽宮為玉清神霄宮。
Fifth month, wuzi new moon: Qing became Qingyang Army and Wei became Pingliang Army. On jichou, at Jade Pure Harmony and Yang Palace he presented the Imperial Earth Sovereign’s honorific register and seals. On xinmao, Cai You took the Secretariat and both street Daoist registries. On yiwei, palace construction was temporarily halted. On xinchou, earth was sacrificed at the Square Mound and gracious edicts went to every circuit. Joint corruption by supervisors and local officials brought Investigation Commissioners and the right of direct appeal to the Department of State Affairs. On guimao, Jade Pure Harmony and Yang Palace became Jade Pure Shenxiao Palace.
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Sixth month, wuwu new moon: with the Bright Hall complete, Cai Jing was advanced to Duke of Chen and Lu. On wuchen, Kai, Prince of Jia, became Grand Tutor. Military-commissioner and observation-commissioner retainers were renamed commissioners for proclaiming orders. On jisi, Cai Jing declined both duchies; an edict granted office to two relatives. On renwu, shamans were banned by edict. On bingxu, Noble Consort Song died.
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秋七月壬辰，熙河、環慶、涇原地震。 庚子，詔八寶增定命寶。
Seventh month, renchen: Xihe, Huanqing, and Jingyuan were shaken by earthquake. On gengzi, the eight treasures gained a Destiny Treasure.
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Eighth month, guihai: the Bright Hall was to sacrifice jointly to the Five Emperors. Zheng Juzhong left office to mourn his mother.
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Ninth month, wuzi: with Hubei still strained, advance work on the Huer West route might stop. On xinmao, the Bright Hall saw a grand sacrifice and the empire was amnestied. On yiwei, Liu Zhengfu died. On dingyou, Tibetan prince Yimadangzheng surrendered and was received at Zichen Hall. On renyin, chief ministers gained one grade. On jiachen, Xue Ang became extraordinary advance. On guichou, Noble Consort Wang died.
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Eleventh month, gengyin: Cai Jing was to attend the chief council every five days. On xinmao, Zheng Juzhong returned from mourning. Yu Shen became extraordinary advance and junior chief minister with Secretariat vice directorship; Bai Shizhong became Secretariat vice director. On renchen, Li prefecture was restored. On bingshen, He Zhizhong died. Shiquan county became an army. Twelfth month, wushen new moon: a star showed as large as the moon. On dingsi, Xue Ang became vice director of the Chancellery. On wuchen, a celestial descent at Kunning Palace was recorded in stone. On gengwu, Tong Guan headed Military Affairs. Vice minister of households Meng Kui was ordered to build Mount Wansui. That year the Three Mountains rivers ran clear. Sixty-eight palace women were released.
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Chonghe 1, spring, jiashen new moon: the Destiny Treasure was received at Daqing Hall. On wuzi, grandson Chen was enfeoffed Duke of Chong. On jichou, the empire was amnestied. Yuanfu-end heterodox memorialists were treated like the blameless. On yisi, nephew Youyi became Prince of Heyi commandery. On gengxu, Hanlin chief Wang Fu became left vice director of state affairs.
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Second month, wuchen: wine prices rose in every circuit. On gengwu, Ma Zheng, Grandee for Martial Righteousness, was sent by sea as envoy to the Jurchens to arrange a joint attack on Liao. On jiaxu, Lu’an county became Lu’an Army. Supervisors who spent forbidden funds on bribery gifts faced charges of great irreverence.
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Third month, bingxu: supervisors and prefects now needed three full years before relief, without stacking terms. On guisi, Prince of Jia Kai was ordered to the palace examination. On bingshen, pacifying Maozhou tribes brought a partial amnesty in Sichuan. On dingyou, Chen Bing of Jianchang and others were punished for irreverent Shenxiao work and beating Daoists; Bing was suspended. On wuxu, jinshi were examined at the Hall of Assembled Elegance. On wushen, seven hundred eighty-three Ministry of Rites graduates took rank. Officials ranked Kai first, but the emperor would not let him lead all scholars, so Wang Ang became top graduate.
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Fourth month, guichou new moon: Jingxia Fort and Zhira Fort were built. Descendants of Lü Yuqing were registered. On guihai, flogging punishments were eased. On jimao, late-autumn personal Bright Hall sacrifice was ordered, matching the early-month morning rite. The Great Supreme Mixed-Origin Upper Virtue Emperor’s second-month fifteenth birthday became Zhenyuan Festival.
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Fifth month, renwu new moon: the sun was eclipsed. On yiyou, each circuit was to assign one transport commissioner to its Shenxiao palaces. On dinghai, Lin Lingsu became Master of Penetrating Truth, Reaching Spirit, and Mysterious Wonder; Zhang Xubai became Master of Penetrating Origin and Pristine Wonder. On renchen, the imperial Classic of Sacred Aid was issued. The Blue Flower Sovereign Lord’s eighth-month ninth birthday became Yuancheng Festival. On gengxu, a personal edict ordered the Liangzhe Fiscal Transport Office to send all temporary wine surcharges to fund works before the imperial presence.
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Sixth month, yimao: Worthy Consort Liu became Graceful Consort. On jisi, pacifying Huai-west bandits brought a partial amnesty. On gengzi, prisoners were reviewed. On jiaxu, western victory brought a partial amnesty in Shaanxi and Hedong.
72
Seventh month, renwu: western merit brought Cai Jing grace and office for one son. Zheng Juzhong became junior tutor, Yu Shen junior guardian, Deng Xunwu extraordinary advance, and councillors gained one grade. On jiyou, six Investigation Commissioners went to relieve southeast floods.
73
Eighth month, jiayin: Tong Guan became grand guardian. On xinyou, the imperial Dao De Jing commentary was issued. On renshen, councillors could not stay alone to memorialize except for thanks or leave requests. On guiyou, the son Yi was enfeoffed Duke of Jia. On yihai, Yan prefecture became Xiqing prefecture.
74
Ninth month, xinsi: the Bright Hall saw a grand sacrifice. On renwu, vacant-land seizure, monopoly bans, square-field hikes, wine surcharges, vinegar profits, Hebei loss rice, and forced flood purchase were abolished. On bingxu, the National University and Imperial Academy were each ordered to appoint two Erudites for the Inner Canon, the Dao De Jing, the Zhuangzi, and the Liezi. On jichou, the xu year and ren month were styled primal destiny and gracious edicts went empire-wide. On gengyin, Xue Ang was dismissed. Bai Shizhong became Chancellery vice director, Wang Fu Secretariat vice director, Feng Xizai left state-affairs vice director, and Fan Zhixu right vice director. On renchen, prefectural grain hoarding and killing surrenderers for merit were forbidden. On guisi, official factions were banned. On dingyou, at Cai Jing’s urging, Daoist records ancient and modern were compiled as the History of the Way. On xinchou, Zheng Juzhong was dismissed and allowed to finish mourning. Magistrates’ conduct was to be examined and reform-minded supervisors ranked against one another. Lin Lingsu and Zhang Xubai received true posts at their nominal attendant ranks.
75
Intercalary month, gengshen: six southeast circuits were to return and gather the displaced. On dingmao, Kai was advanced to Prince of Yun. The Chai heir already held Chongyi; a descendant of Emperor Gong was again established as Xuanyi lang to tend the Zhou tombs, with perpetual three courtesies.
76
Tenth month, jimao new moon: Venus showed by day. On jihai, Xingqing Army became Zhaoqing prefecture. On jiachen, twenty-six Daoist office grades and eight rank grades were set. Eleventh month, jiyou new moon: the era name changed and the empire was amnestied. On xinhai, a sunspot showed. On bingchen, Graceful Lady Wang became Worthy Consort. On xinyou, the memorialist An Yaochen received office. On jisi, Zi prefecture became Tongchuan prefecture.
77
Twelfth month, wuyin new moon: western capital coin offices were restored. On jichou, the Bureau for Enriching the People was established. That year Jiang, Huai, Jing, Zhe, and Zi circuits flooded. One hundred seventy-eight palace women were released. At Huangyan a commoner’s wife bore four sons at once. Khotan and Goryeo brought tribute.