1
宣和元年春正月戊申朔，日下有五色雲。 壬子，進建安郡王樞為肅王，文安郡王杞為景王，並為太保。 乙卯，詔：「佛改號大覺金仙，余為仙人、大士。 僧為德士，易服飾，稱姓氏。 寺為宮，院為觀。」 改女冠為女道，尼為女德。 丁巳，金人使李善慶來，遣趙有開報聘，至登州而還。 戊午，以余深為太宰兼門下侍郎，王黼為特進、少宰兼中書侍郎。 乙丑，改湟州為樂州。 癸酉，封子棟為溫國公，侄有恭為永甯郡王。 乙亥，躬耕籍田。 罷裕民局。
Xuanhe 1, spring, wushen new moon: five-colored clouds hung under the sun. On renzi, Princes Shu of Jian'an and Qi of Wen'an became Su and Jing, both Grand Guardian. On yimao, Huizong decreed: Buddha became Great Awakened Golden Immortal; lesser figures became immortals and great lords. Monks became Virtuous Gentlemen, shed robes, and took surnames. Temples became palaces; cloisters became vieweries. Female Daoists became wayfarers; nuns became female virtues. On dingsi, Jin envoy Li Shanqing arrived; Zhao Youkai answered the embassy but turned back at Deng. On wuwu, Yu Shen took the Grand Chancellery and Wang Fu the Junior Secretariat, both as vice directors. On yichou, Huang became Le prefecture. On guiyou, Dong became Duke of Wenguo and nephew Yougong Prince of Yongning. On yihai, Huizong plowed the sacrificial fields himself. The Bureau for Enriching the People was struck.
2
二月庚辰，改元。 易宣和殿為保和殿。 戊戌，以鄧洵武為少保。
Second month, gengchen: the reign title became Xuanhe. Xuanhe Hall became Baohe Hall. On wuxu, Deng Xunwu became Junior Guardian.
3
三月庚戌，蔡京等進安州所得商六鼎。 己未，以馮熙載為中書侍郎，范致虛為尚書左丞，翰林學士張邦昌為尚書右丞。 詔天下知宮觀道士與監司、郡縣官以客禮相見。 童貫遣知熙州劉法出師攻統安城，夏人伏兵擊之，法敗歿，震武軍受圍。 甲子，知登州宗澤坐建神霄宮不虔，除名編管。 辛未，賜上舍生五十四人及第。 甲戌，皇后親蠶。
Third month, gengxu: Cai Jing presented six Shang vessels from An prefecture. On jiwei, Feng Xizai took the Secretariat, Fan Zhixu the left State Affairs chair, and Zhang Bangchang the right. Huizong ordered abbots empire-wide to greet circuit and county officers as guests. Tong Guan sent Xi prefect Liu Fa against Tong'an; Xia ambushed him; Fa fell and Zhenwu was besieged. On jiazi, Deng prefect Zong Ze was struck from the rolls for irreverence at the Divine Empyrean Palace and exiled. On xinwei, fifty-four upper-academy men took jinshi. On jiaxu, the empress tended silkworms herself.
4
夏四月丙子朔，日有食之。 庚寅，童貫以鄜延、環慶兵大破夏人，平其三城。 己亥，曲赦陝西、河東路。 辛丑，進輔臣官一等。
Fourth month, bingzi new moon: the sun was eaten. On gengyin, Tong Guan smashed the Xia with Fengyan and Huanqing troops and razed three cities. On jihai, Shaanxi and Hedong won a partial pardon. On xinchou, every assistant minister rose one rank.
5
五月丙午朔，有物如龍形，見京師民家。 丁未，詔德士並許入道學，依道士法。 丙辰，敗夏人于震武。 壬申，班禦制《九星二十八宿朝元冠服圖》。 甲戌，慮囚。 是月，大水犯都城，西北有赤氣亙天。
Fifth month, bingwu new moon: a dragon-shaped thing appeared in a capital house. On dingwei, former monks could enter Daoist schools and live by Daoist law. On bingchen, the Xia were beaten at Zhenwu. On renshen, Huizong displayed his Nine Stars and Twenty-Eight Mansions court robes. On jiaxu, the court reviewed prisoners. That month floods struck the capital and red mist filled the northwest sky.
6
六月壬午，詔西邊武臣為經略使者改用文臣。 甲申，詔封莊周為微妙元通真君，列禦寇為致虛觀妙真君，仍行冊命，配享混元皇帝。 己亥，夏國遣使納款，詔六路罷兵。
Sixth month, renwu: western military commissioners were swapped for civil men. On jiashen, Zhuang Zhou and Lie Yukou were canonized true lords, invested, and enshrined with the Primordial Unity Emperor. On jihai, the Xia sued for peace and six frontier circuits stood down.
7
秋七月甲寅，以童貫為太傅。
Seventh month, jiayin: Tong Guan became Grand Tutor.
8
八月戊寅，詔諸路未方田處並令方量，均定租課。 丁酉，以神霄宮成，降德音於天下。 范致虛以母憂去位。
Eighth month, wuyin: every circuit still without equal-field survey was to be measured and taxed evenly. On dingyou, the finished Divine Empyrean Palace won a grace decree for the realm. Fan Zhixu left office to mourn his mother.
9
九月甲辰朔，燕蔡京於保和新殿。 辛酉，大饗明堂。 癸亥，幸道德院觀金芝，遂幸蔡京第。 丁卯，以淮康軍節度使蔡攸為開府儀同三司。
Ninth month, jiachen new moon: Huizong feasted Cai Jing at Baohe New Hall. On xinyou, the Bright Hall received the great offering. On guihai, Huizong saw golden fungus at the Moral Virtue Cloister, then called at Cai Jing's house. On dingmao, Huaikang commissioner Cai You took Kaifu with Three Excellencies ceremony.
10
冬十月甲戌朔，以《紹述熙豐政事書》佈告天下。
Tenth month, jiaxu new moon: Huizong posted the Book of Continuing Zhezong and Shenzong policy empire-wide.
11
十一月癸丑，朝獻景靈宮。 甲寅，饗太廟。 乙卯，祀昊天上帝於圜丘，赦天下。 甲子，詔東南諸路水災，令監司、郡守悉心振救。 戊辰，以淮甸旱，饑民失業，遣監察御史察訪。 張邦昌為尚書左丞，翰林學士王安中為尚書右丞。 時朱勔以花石綱媚上，東南騷動，太學生鄧肅進詩諷諫，詔放歸田裏。 十二月甲戌，詔京東東路盜賊竊發，令東、西路提刑督捕之。 辛卯，大雨雹。 丙申，帝數微行，正字曹輔上書極論之，編管郴州。 是歲，京西饑，淮東大旱，遣官振濟。 嵐州黃河清。 升邢州為信德，陳州為淮寧，襄州為襄陽，慶州為慶陽，安州為德安，鄆州為東平，趙州為慶源府； 瀘州為瀘川，睦州為建德，岳州為岳陽，寧州為興寧，宜州為慶遠，光州為光山，均州為武當軍。
Eleventh month, guichou: Huizong offered at Jingling Palace. On jiayin, the Imperial Temple was feasted. On yimao, Huizong sacrificed to Heaven at the Round Mound and pardoned the realm. On jiazi, flooded southeast circuits were told to save lives with all care. On wuchen, drought on the Huai drove refugees from work; censors were sent to investigate. Zhang Bangchang took the left State Affairs chair and Wang Anzhong the right. Zhu Mian's Flower-and-Stone convoys pleased Huizong and roiled the southeast; student Deng Su's satirical poem sent him home. Twelfth month, jiaxu: eastern Jingdong bandits were to be hunted by both investigating commissioners. On xinmao, hail hammered the capital. On bingshen, Huizong slipped out in disguise again; Rectifier Cao Fu protested fiercely and was exiled to Chen. That year Jingxi starved, Huaidong withered, and relief officers went out. At Lan prefecture the Yellow River ran clear. Xing became Xinde, Chen Huaining, Xiang Xiangyang, Qing Qingyang, An De'an, Yun Dongping, and Zhao Qingyuan Superior Prefecture; Lu Luchuan, Mu Jiande, Yue Yueyang, Ning Xingning, Yi Qingyuan, Guang Guangshan, and Jun Wudang Army.
12
二年春正月癸亥，追封蔡確為汝南郡王。 甲子，罷道學。
Xuanhe 2, spring, guihai: Cai Que was made posthumous Prince of Runan. On jiazi, Daoist schools were struck.
13
二月乙亥，遣趙良嗣使金國。 唐恪罷。 庚辰，以甯遠軍節度使梁子美為開府儀同三司。 戊子，令所在贍給淮南流民，諭還之。 甲午，詔別修《哲宗史》。
Second month, yihai: Zhao Liangsi went to Jin. Tang Ke left office. On gengchen, Ningyuan commissioner Liang Zimei took Kaifu with Three Excellencies ceremony. On wuzi, Huainan refugees were to be fed wherever found and sent home. On jiawu, a separate History of Zhezong was ordered.
14
三月壬寅，賜上舍生二十一人及第。 乙卯，改熙河蘭湟路為熙河蘭廓路。
Third month, renyin: twenty-one upper-academy men took jinshi. On yimao, Xihe Lantun became Xihe Lanluo circuit.
15
夏四月丙子，詔江西、廣東兩界群盜嘯聚，添置武臣提刑，路分都監各一員。
Fourth month, bingzi: Jiangxi-Guangdong bandits won a military investigating commissioner and a route patrol commander apiece.
16
五月庚子朔，以淑妃劉氏為貴妃。 己酉，日中有黑子。 丁巳，祭地于方澤，降德音于諸路。 布衣朱夢說上書論宦寺權太重，編管池州。 戊辰，詔宗室有文行才術者，令大宗正司以聞。 六月癸酉，詔開封府振濟饑民。 丁丑，太白晝見。 戊寅，蔡京致仕，仍朝朔望。 辛巳，詔自今動改元豐法制，論以大不恭。 丙戌，詔三省、樞密院額外吏職，並從裁汰。 及有妄言惑眾、稽違詔令者，重論之。 詔諸司總轄、提點之類，非元豐法並罷。 丁亥，復寺院額。 甲午，罷禮制局並修書五十八所。
Fifth month, gengzi new moon: Pure Consort Liu became Noble Consort. On jiyou, a sunspot showed. On dingsi, Huizong sacrificed to Earth at the Square Mound and sent grace to every circuit. Commoner Zhu Mengshuo warned that eunuchs held too much power and was exiled to Chi. On wuchen, talented clansmen were to be reported to the Chief Imperial Clan Office. Sixth month, guiyou: Kaifeng was told to feed famine refugees. On dingchou, Venus shone by day. On wuyin, Cai Jing retired yet still came to court on the first and fifteenth. On xinsi, tampering with Yuanfeng law was branded great irreverence. On bingxu, extra clerks in the Three Departments and Military Affairs were cut at will. Wild talk that stirred the crowd or stalled edicts would be punished hard. Every general superintendent and intendant outside Yuanfeng law was abolished. On dinghai, monastery placards returned. On jiawu, the Ritual Regulation Bureau and fifty-eight book offices were struck.
17
秋七月壬子，罷文臣起復。 己未，罷醫、算學。 丙寅，封子楒為英國公。
Seventh month, renzi: civil hurry-back from mourning ended. On jiwei, medical and math schools closed. On bingyin, Si became Duke of Yingguo.
18
八月庚辰，詔減定醫官額。 乙未，詔監司所舉守令非其人，或廢法不舉，令廉訪使者劾之。
Eighth month, gengchen: medical officer quotas were cut and fixed. On yiwei, bad magistrate picks or neglected law by circuit men would draw impeachment by integrity visitors.
19
九月壬寅，金人遣勃堇等來。 乙巳，復德士為僧。 辛亥，大饗明堂。 丙辰，遣馬政使金國。 癸亥，余深加少傅。 宴童貫第。
Ninth month, renyin: Jin envoys led by Boqin arrived. On yisi, Virtuous Gentlemen became monks again. On xinhai, the Bright Hall received the great offering. On bingchen, Ma Zheng went to Jin. On guihai, Yu Shen became Junior Tutor. Huizong banqueted at Tong Guan's house.
20
冬十月戊辰朔，日有食之。 以河東節度使梁師成為太尉。 建德軍青溪妖賊方臘反，命譚稹討之。
Tenth month, wuchen new moon: the sun was eaten. Hedong commissioner Liang Shicheng became Grand Commandant. Fang La, the Qingxi demon of Jiande Army, rose; Tan Zhen was sent against him.
21
十一月己亥，余深罷，仍少傅，授鎮西軍節度使、知福州。 庚戌，以王黼為少保、太宰兼門下侍郎。 己未，兩浙都監蔡遵、顏坦擊方臘，死之。 十二月丁亥，改譚稹為兩浙制置使，以童貫為江、淮、荊、浙宣撫使，討方臘。 己丑，以少傅鄭居中權領樞密院。 庚寅，詔訪兩浙民疾苦。 是月，方臘陷建德，又陷歙州，東南將郭師中戰死。 陷杭州，知州趙霆遁，廉訪使者趙約詬賊死。 是歲，淮南旱。 夏國、真臘入貢。
Eleventh month, jihai: Yu Shen left the council but kept Junior Tutor and took Zhenxi and Fu. On gengxu, Wang Fu became Junior Guardian and Grand Chancellor of the Chancellery. On jiwei, Zhejiang commanders Cai Zun and Yan Tan struck Fang La and died. Twelfth month, dinghai: Tan Zhen became Zhejiang pacification commissioner and Tong Guan Jiang-Huai-Jing-Zhe pacifier to crush Fang La. On jichou, Junior Tutor Zheng Juzhong was appointed acting head of Military Affairs. On gengyin, an edict ordered inquiry into hardships in the two Zhe circuits. That month Fang La took Jiande and She prefecture; southeast general Guo Shizhong fell in battle. Hangzhou fell; prefect Zhao Ting fled; surveillance commissioner Zhao Yue cursed the rebels and was killed. That year Huainan suffered drought. Western Xia and Zhenla sent tribute.
22
三年春正月壬寅，鄧洵武卒。 戊午，以安康郡王栩為太保，進封濟王； 鎮國公模為開府儀同三司，進封樂安郡王。 己未，詔淮南、江東、福建各權添置武臣提刑一員。 辛酉，罷蘇、杭州造作局及御前綱運。 乙丑，罷西北兵更戌。 罷木石彩色等場務。 是月，方臘陷婺州，又陷衢州，守臣彭汝方死之。
Year 3, spring, renyin: Deng Xunwu died. On wuwu, Prince of Ankang Xu became grand guardian and Prince of Ji; State Duke Mo became Grandee of the Palace and Prince of Le’an commandery. On jiwei, Huainan, Jiangdong, and Fujian each gained a provisional military intendant. On xinyou, Suzhou and Hangzhou manufacture offices and imperial transport fleets were abolished. On yichou, northwest troop rotation tours were abolished. Timber, stone, and pigment field offices were abolished. That month Fang La took Wu and Qu prefectures; defender Peng Rufang was killed.
23
二月庚午，趙霆坐棄杭州，貶吉陽軍。 罷方田。 甲戌，降詔招撫方臘。 乙酉，罷天下三舍及宗學、辟雍、諸路提舉學事官。 癸巳，赦天下。 是月，方臘陷處州。 淮南盜宋江等犯淮陽軍，遣將討捕，又犯京東、河北，入楚、海州界，命知州張叔夜招降之。
Second month, gengwu: Zhao Ting was banished to Jiyang Army for abandoning Hangzhou. The square-field land survey was abolished. On jiaxu, an edict offered amnesty and pacification to Fang La. On yiyou, the three-college system, Directorate of Education, Imperial Academy, and circuit education posts were abolished. On guisi, the realm was pardoned. That month Fang La took Chu prefecture. Huainan bandits led by Song Jiang struck Huaiyang Army; pursuit failed as they raided Jingdong and Hebei and entered Chu and Haizhou; prefect Zhang Shuye was ordered to accept their surrender.
24
三月丁未，禦集英殿策進士。 庚申，賜禮部奏名進士及第、出身六百三十人。
Third month, dingwei: the palace examination was held at the Hall of Assembled Elegance. On gengshen, six hundred thirty named examinees received jinshi rank and origin.
25
五月戊戌，以鄭居中領樞密院。 己亥，詔杭、越、江寧守臣並帶安撫使。 甲辰，追冊貴妃劉氏為皇后，諡曰明節。 改睦州、建德軍為嚴州、遂安軍，歙州為徽州。 丙午，金人再遣曷魯等來。 戊申，以興甯軍節度使劉宗元為開府儀同三司。 癸亥，詔三省覺察台諫罔上背公者，取旨譴責。 陳過庭、張汝霖以乞罷御前使喚及歲進花果，為王黼所劾，並竄貶。
Fifth month, wuxu: Zheng Juzhong took Military Affairs. On jihai, Hang, Yue, and Jiangning prefects were also made pacification commissioners. On jiachen, Noble Consort Liu was posthumously made empress Mingjie. Mu became Yan prefecture, Jiande Sui’an Army, and She Hui prefecture. On bingwu, Jin envoys led by Helu came again. On wushen, Liu Zongyuan of Xingning Army became Grandee of the Palace. On guihai, the Three Departments were told to expose remonstrators who deceived the throne or betrayed the public and seek orders for censure. Chen Guoting and Zhang Rulin, for seeking an end to imperial summons and yearly fruit tribute, were impeached by Wang Fu and exiled.
26
閏月丙寅，減諸州曹掾官。 辛未，立醫官額。 甲戌，復應奉司，命王黼及內侍梁師成領之。 戊寅，慮囚。
Intercalary month, bingyin: prefectural administrative assistants were cut. On xinwei, medical officer quotas were set. On jiaxu, the Service-for-the-Throne Directorate was restored under Wang Fu and the eunuch Liang Shicheng. On wuyin, prisoners were reviewed.
27
六月，河決恩州清河埽。
Sixth month: the Yellow River broke the Qinghe embankment in En prefecture.
28
秋七月丁卯，振溫、處等八州。 丁亥，廢純、滋等十二州。 戊子，童貫等俘方臘以獻。 是月，洛陽、京畿訛言有黑眚如人，或如犬，夜出掠小兒食之，二歲乃息。
Seventh month, dingmao: Wen, Chu, and seven other prefectures were relieved. On dinghai, Chun, Zi, and eleven other prefectures were abolished. On wuzi, Tong Guan presented the captive Fang La. That month Luoyang and the capital rumored a black pestilence, human or canine, that snatched children by night; the panic lasted two years.
29
八月甲辰，曲赦兩浙、江東、福建、淮南路。 乙巳，以童貫為太師，譚稹加節度。 丁未，祔明節皇后神主于別廟。 丙辰，方臘伏誅。
Eighth month, jiachen: partial amnesty in Liang-Zhe, Jiangdong, Fujian, and Huai-South. On yisi, Tong Guan became grand preceptor and Tan Zhen gained a military commission. On dingwei, Empress Mingjie’s tablet entered a separate temple. On bingchen, Fang La was executed.
30
九月丙寅，以王黼為少傅，鄭居中為少師。 庚午，進執政官一等。 辛未，大饗明堂。
Ninth month, bingyin: Wang Fu became junior tutor and Zheng Juzhong junior guardian. On gengwu, chief councillors were advanced one grade. On xinwei, the grand Bright Hall sacrifice was held.
31
冬十月甲寅，詔自今贓吏獄具，論決勿貨。 童貫復領陝西、兩河宣撫。
Tenth month, jiayin: once corrupt officials’ cases were decided, redemption was forbidden. Tong Guan again took Shaanxi and the two He regions as pacification commissioner.
32
十一月丁丑，馮熙載罷。 以張邦昌為中書侍郎，王安中為尚書左丞，翰林學士承旨李邦彥為尚書右丞。 辛巳，封子桐為儀國公。 壬午，張商英卒。 十二月辛卯朔，日中有黑子。 壬子，進封廣平郡王構為康王，樂安郡王模為祁王，並為太保。 是歲，諸路蝗。
Eleventh month, dingchou: Feng Xizai was dismissed. Zhang Bangchang became secretariat vice director; Wang Anzhong left vice director; Li Bangyan right vice director. On xinsi, the son Tong was enfeoffed Duke of Yi. On renwu, Zhang Shangying died. Twelfth month, xinmao new moon: a black spot appeared on the sun. On renzi, Prince of Guangping Gou became Prince Kang and Prince of Le’an Mo Prince Qi; both became grand guardians. That year locusts struck the circuits.
33
四年春正月丁卯，以蔡攸為少保，梁師成為開府儀同三司。 癸酉，金人破遼中京，遼主北走。
Year 4, spring, dingmao: Cai You became junior guardian and Liang Shicheng Grandee of the Palace. On guiyou, Jin took Liao Central Capital and the Liao ruler fled north.
34
二月丙申，以旱禱于廣聖宮，即日雨。 癸卯，雨雹。 丙午，以吳國公植為開府儀同三司，進封信都郡王。
Second month, bingshen: drought prayers at Guangsheng Palace brought rain the same day. On guimao, hail fell. On bingwu, Duke of Wu Zhi became Grandee of the Palace and Prince of Xindu commandery.
35
三月辛酉，幸秘書省，遂幸太學，賜秘書少監翁彥深、王時雍、國子祭酒韋壽隆、司業權邦彥章服，館職、學官、諸生恩錫有差。 丙子，遼人立燕王淳為帝。 金人來約夾攻，命童貫為河北、河東路宣撫使，屯兵于邊以應之，且招諭幽、燕。
Third month, xinyou: after the Directorate of Education and Imperial Academy, Weng Yanshen, Wang Shiyong, Wei Shoulong, and Quan Bangyan received robes and academy staff and students graded gifts. On bingzi, the Liao enthroned Prince of Yan Chun. Jin proposed a joint attack; Tong Guan became Hebei and Hedong pacification commissioner, massed border troops, and was to win over You and Yan.
36
六月己丑，種師道退保雄州，遼人追擊至城下。 帝聞兵敗，懼甚，遂詔班師。 壬寅，以王黼為少師。 是月，遼燕王淳死，蕭幹等立其妻蕭氏。
Sixth month, jichou: Zhong Shidao fell back to Xiong prefecture as Liao pursuers reached the walls. Hearing of defeat, the emperor was terrified and ordered withdrawal. On renyin, Wang Fu became junior guardian. That month Liao’s Prince of Yan Chun died; Xiao Gan enthroned his wife Lady Xiao.
37
秋七月己未，廢貴妃崔氏為庶人。 壬午，王黼以耶律淳死，復命童貫、蔡攸治兵，以河陽三城節度使劉延慶為都統制。 甲申，種師道責授右衛將軍致仕，和詵散官安置。
Seventh month, jiwei: Noble Consort Cui was demoted to commoner. On renwu, after Yelü Chun’s death Wang Fu again ordered Tong Guan and Cai You to mobilize; Liu Yanqing of Heyang Three Cities became overall commander. On jiashen, Zhong Shidao retired as right guard general; He Shou received a sinecure placement.
38
冬十月庚寅，改燕京為燕山府，涿、易八州並賜名。 癸巳，劉延慶與郭藥師等統兵出雄州。 戊戌，曲赦所復州縣。 己亥，耶律淳妻蕭氏上表稱臣納款。 甲辰，師次涿州。 己酉，郭藥師與高世宣、楊可世等襲燕，蕭幹以兵入援，戰於城中，藥師等屢敗，皆棄馬縋城而出，死傷過半。 癸丑，以蔡攸為少傅、判燕山府。 甲寅，劉延慶自盧溝河燒營夜遁，眾軍遂潰，蕭幹追至涿水上乃還。
Tenth month, gengyin: Yan capital became Yanshan prefecture and Zhuo, Yi, and six others were renamed. On guisi, Liu Yanqing and Guo Yaoshi led troops out of Xiong prefecture. On wuxu, restored prefectures and counties received partial amnesty. On jihai, Yelü Chun’s wife Lady Xiao submitted surrender as a subject. On jiachen, the army reached Zhuo prefecture. On jiyou, Guo Yaoshi, Gao Shixuan, and Yang Keshi raided Yan; Xiao Gan relieved the city; after repeated defeats in street fighting they slid down ropes without their horses and lost more than half their men. On guichou, Cai You became junior tutor and acting prefect of Yanshan. On jiayin, Liu Yanqing burned camp and fled by night from the Lugou River; the main force collapsed and Xiao Gan pursued to the Zhuo River.
39
十一月丙辰朔，行新璽。 戊辰，朝獻景靈宮。 己巳，饗太廟。 庚午，祀昊天上帝於園丘，赦天下。 東南官吏昨緣寇盜貶責者，並次第移放，上書邪上等人特與磨勘。 戊寅，金人遣李靖等來許山前六州。 以彰德軍節度使鄭詳為太尉。 十二月丁亥，郭藥師敗蕭幹於永清縣。 戊子，遣趙良嗣報聘于金國。 庚寅，以郭藥師為武泰軍節度使。 辛卯，金人入燕，蕭氏出奔。 壬辰，使來獻捷。 乙未，詔監司未經陛對，毋得之任。 丙申，貶劉延慶為率府率、安置筠州。 壬寅，進封植為莘王。
Eleventh month, bingchen new moon: the new seal was inaugurated. On wuchen, offerings were presented at Jingling Palace. On jisi, the ancestral temple was feasted. On gengwu, the Lord on High was sacrificed at the Round Mound and the realm pardoned. Southeastern officials demoted for the banditry were gradually restored; those who had filed malicious memorials received special merit review. On wuyin, Jin envoys led by Li Jing promised the six prefectures south of the mountains. Zheng Xiang of Zhangde Army became grand commandant. Twelfth month, dinghai: Guo Yaoshi defeated Xiao Gan at Yongqing county. On wuzi, Zhao Liangsi was sent on a return mission to Jin. On gengyin, Guo Yaoshi became military commissioner of Wutai Army. On xinmao, Jin entered Yan and Lady Xiao fled. On renchen, envoys came with a victory report. On yiwei, circuit supervisors who had not yet had a throne audience could not take office. On bingshen, Liu Yanqing was demoted to heir-apparent guard commander and placed at Jun prefecture. On renyin, Zhi was advanced to Prince of Xin.
40
五年春正月戊午，金人遣李靖來議所許六州代租錢。 己未，遣趙良嗣報聘，求西京等州。 辛酉，以王安中為慶遠軍節度使、河北河東燕山府路宣撫使、知燕山府。 甲申，錄富弼後。
Year 5, spring, wuwu: Li Jing of Jin came to negotiate substitute rent for the six promised prefectures. On jiwei, Zhao Liangsi was sent back to Jin seeking Western Capital and other prefectures. On xinyou, Wang Anzhong became Qingyuan military commissioner, Hebei-Hedong-Yanshan pacification commissioner, and Yanshan prefect. On jiashen, descendants of Fu Bi were registered for favor.
41
二月乙酉朔，以李邦彥為尚書左丞，翰林學士趙野為尚書右丞。 丙戌，金人以議未合，斷橋樑，焚次舍。 丁酉，進封雍國公朴為華原郡王，徐國公棣為高平郡王，並為開府儀同三司。 三月乙卯，金人再遣寧術割等來。 己未，遣盧益報聘，皆如其約。
Second month, yiyou new moon: Li Bangyan became left vice director and Zhao Ye right vice director. On bingxu, talks unresolved, Jin troops cut bridges and burned lodging sheds. On dingyou, Pu of Yong State became Prince of Huayuan and Di of Xu State Prince of Gaoping; both received opening-establishment rank equal to the Three Excellencies. Third month, yimao: the Jin again sent Ning Shuge and others. On jiwei, Lu Yi was sent on a return embassy, and all terms were kept.
42
夏四月癸巳，金人遣楊璞以誓書及燕京、涿、易、檀、順、景、薊州來歸。 庚子，童貫、蔡攸入燕，時燕之職官、富民、金帛、子女先為金人盡掠而去。 乙巳，童貫表奏撫定燕城。 庚戌，曲赦河北、河東、燕雲路。 是日班師。
Fourth month, guisi: Jin sent Yang Pu with the oath and the return of Yanjing and Zhuo, Yi, Tan, Shun, Jing, and Ji. On gengzi, Tong Guan and Cai You entered Yan, but officials, the rich, gold, silk, and women had already been stripped by the Jin. On yisi, Tong Guan reported Yan city pacified. On gengxu, Hebei, Hedong, and Yan-Yun received a partial amnesty. That day the army withdrew.
43
五月己未，以收復燕、雲，賜王黼玉帶。 庚申，以王黼為太傅，鄭居中為太保，進宰執官二等。 辛酉，王黼總治三省事。 癸亥，童貫落節鉞，進封徐、豫國公。 蔡攸為少師。 乙丑，詔正位三公立本班，帶節鉞若領他職者仍舊班，著為令。 癸酉，祭地于方澤。 是月，金人許朔、武、蔚三州。 金主阿骨打殂，弟吳乞買立。
Fifth month, jiwei: recovering Yan and Yun brought Wang Fu a jade belt. On gengshen, Wang Fu became Grand Preceptor and Zheng Juzhong Grand Guardian; chief ministers rose two grades. On xinyou, Wang Fu took overall charge of the Three Departments. On guihai, Tong Guan lost his command seals and was advanced to Duke of Xu and Yu. Cai You became Junior Preceptor. On chou, the three chief ministers were fixed in the main court rank; those with command seals in other posts kept their old rank, as a standing rule. On you, the earth was sacrificed to at the Square Mound. That month the Jin granted Shuo, Wu, and Yu. Jin ruler Aguda died; his younger brother Wuqimai succeeded.
44
秋七月戊午，以梁師成為少保。 己未，童貫致仕。 起復譚稹為河北、河東、燕山府路宣撫使。 庚午，太傅、楚國公王黼等上尊號曰繼天興道敷文成武睿明皇帝，不允。 禁元祐學術。
Seventh month, wuwu: Liang Shicheng became Junior Guardian. On jiwei, Tong Guan retired. Tan Zan was recalled from mourning as pacification commissioner of Hebei, Hedong, and the Yan Mountains circuit. On gengwu, Grand Preceptor Wang Fu of Chu and others offered the honorific Continuing Heaven, Raising the Way, Spreading Culture, Martial Sagacity, and Illuminated Emperor; it was refused. Yuanyou learning was forbidden.
45
八月辛巳朔，日當食不見。 辛丑，命王安中作《復燕雲碑》。 壬寅，太白晝見。 是月，蕭幹破景州、薊州，寇掠燕山，郭藥師敗之。 幹尋為其下所殺，傳首京師。
Eighth month, xinsi new moon: an eclipse was due but did not show. On xinchou, Wang Anzhong was ordered to compose the Stele on Recovering Yan and Yun. On renyin, Venus showed by day. That month Xiao Gan took Jing and Ji and raided the Yan Mountains; Guo Yaoshi defeated him. Soon Gan was killed by his men; his head was sent to the capital.
46
九月辛酉，大饗明堂。
Ninth month, xinyou: the Bright Hall saw a grand sacrifice.
47
冬十月乙酉，雨木冰。 壬寅，罷諸路提舉常平之不職者。
Tenth month, yiyou: trees bore ice rain. On renyin, derelict Ever-Normal Granary superintendents were dismissed.
48
六年春正月乙卯，為金主輟朝。 戊午，置書藝所。 癸亥，藏蕭幹首於太社。 戊寅，遣連南夫弔祭金國。
Year 6, spring, yimao: court was suspended for the Jin ruler. On wuwu, a Calligraphy Institute was established. On guihai, Xiao Gan’s head was stored at the Grand Altar of Earth. On wuyin, Lian Nanfu was sent to mourn at the Jin court.
49
二月丁亥，以冀國公㮙為開府儀同三司，進封河間郡王； 韶州防禦使令蕩為婺州觀察使，封安定郡王。 己亥，躬耕藉田。 丙午，詔自今非曆台閣、寺監、監司、郡守、開封府曹官者，不得為郎官、卿、監，著為令。 李邦彥以父憂去位。
Second month, dinghai: Duke of Ji Kai received opening-establishment rank equal to the Three Excellencies and became Prince of Hejian; Shaozhou defense commissioner Lingdang became Wuzhou observation commissioner and Prince of Anding. On jihai, the emperor plowed the sacred field. On bingwu, only those who had served in the Astronomical Bureau, directorates, supervisorates, circuits, prefectures, counties, or Kaifeng sub-offices might become court gentlemen or directorate officials—a standing rule. Li Bangyan left office to mourn his father.
50
三月己酉朔，以錢景臻為少師。 金人來匄糧，不與。
Third month, jiyou new moon: Qian Jingzhen became Junior Preceptor. The Jin begged grain; none was given.
51
閏月辛巳，皇后親蠶。 庚子，禦集英殿策進士。
Intercalary month, xinsi: the empress raised silkworms. On gengzi, jinshi were examined at the Hall of Assembled Elegance.
52
夏四月癸丑，賜禮部奏名進士及第、出身八百五人。 丁巳，李邦彥起復。
Fourth month, guichou: eight hundred five Ministry of Rites graduates received rank. On dingsi, Li Bangyan was recalled from mourning.
53
五月壬寅，慮囚。 癸卯，金人遣使來告嗣位。
Fifth month, renyin: prisoners were reviewed. On guimao, Jin envoys announced the new succession.
54
六月壬子，詔以收復燕、雲以來，京東、兩河之民困于調度，令京西、淮、浙、江、湖、四川、閩、廣並納免夫錢，期以兩月納足，違者從軍法。
Sixth month, renzi: since Yan and Yun were recovered, Jingdong and the two He circuits had been crushed by levies; Jingxi, Huai, Zhe, Jiang, Hu, Sichuan, Min, and Guang were ordered to pay corvée-exemption money within two months or face military law.
55
秋七月戊子，遣許亢宗賀金國嗣位。 丁酉，詔：應系御筆斷罪，不許詣尚書省陳訴改正。 壬寅，詔宗室、後妃戚裏、宰執之家概敷免夫錢。 甲辰，置璣衡所。
Seventh month, wuzi: Xu Kangzong was sent to congratulate the Jin succession. On dingyou, cases judged by imperial brush could not be appealed for revision at the Ministry of Justice. On renyin, imperial clansmen, consorts, affinal kin, and chief ministers’ households were all ordered to pay corvée-exemption money without exception. On jiachen, an Armillary Sphere Office was established.
56
八月乙卯，譚稹落太尉、罷宣撫使，童貫落致仕，領樞密院代之。 丁巳，以溢機堡為安羌城。 壬戌，以復燕、雲，赦天下。
Eighth month, yimao: Tan Zan lost Grand Marshal and his pacification post; Tong Guan left retirement to head Military Affairs in his place. On dingsi, Yiji Fort was renamed Anqiang City. On renxu, recovering Yan and Yun brought an empire-wide amnesty.
57
九月乙亥，以白時中為特進、太宰兼門下侍郎，李邦彥為少宰兼中書侍郎。 蔡攸落節鉞。 辛巳，大饗明堂。 丁亥，以趙野為尚書左丞，翰林學士承旨宇文粹中為尚書右丞，開封尹蔡懋同知樞密院。 庚寅，以金芝產于艮岳萬壽峰，改名壽嶽。 庚子，金人遣富謨弼等以遺留物來獻。
Ninth month, yihai: Bai Shizhong became extraordinary advance, Grand Preceptor, and Chancellery vice director; Li Bangyan became Junior Preceptor and Secretariat vice director. Cai You was stripped of command seals. On xinsi, the Bright Hall saw a grand sacrifice. On dinghai, Zhao Ye became left state-affairs vice director; Yuwen Cuizhong became right vice director; Cai Mao became associate director of Military Affairs. On gengyin, golden fungus on Genyue’s Wanshou Peak led to renaming it Mount Longevity. On gengzi, Jin sent Fu Mobi and others with leftover goods as tribute.
58
冬十月庚午，詔有收藏慣用蘇、黃之文者，並令焚毀，犯者以大不恭論。 癸酉，詔內外官並以三年為任，治績著聞者再任，永為式。
Tenth month, gengwu: habitual keepers of Su and Huang’s writings were ordered to burn them; offenders faced a charge of great irreverence. On guiyou, inner and outer officials were given three-year terms; the outstanding might serve again—a permanent rule.
59
十一月丙子，王黼致仕。 太白晝見。 乙酉，罷應奉司。 丙戌，令尚書省置講議局。 壬辰，詔監司擇縣令有治績者保奏，召赴都堂審察錄用，毋過三人。 十二月甲辰朔，蔡京領講議司。 詔百官遵行元豐法制。 丁未，詔內外侍從以上各舉所知二人。 癸亥，蔡京落致仕，領三省事。 是歲，河北、山東盜起，命內侍梁方平討之。 京師、河東、陝西地大震，兩河、京東西、浙西水，環慶、邠甯、涇原流徙，令所在振恤。 夏國、高麗、于闐、羅殿入貢。
Eleventh month, bingzi: Wang Fu retired. Venus showed by day. On yiyou, the Service-to-the-Throne Office was abolished. On bingxu, the Ministry of Justice was ordered to establish a Deliberation Bureau. On renchen, circuit supervisors were to recommend able magistrates, summon no more than three to the chief council for review, and appoint them. Twelfth month, jiachen new moon: Cai Jing headed the Deliberation Office. The hundred officials were ordered to follow Yuanfeng statutes. On dingwei, inner and outer attendants of fifth rank and above were each to recommend two men they knew. On guihai, Cai Jing left retirement and took the Three Departments. That year bandits rose in Hebei and Shandong; inner attendant Liang Fangping was sent against them. The capital, Hedong, and Shaanxi were shaken by great earthquakes; the two He, western Jingdong, and western Zhe flooded; Huanqing, Binning, and Jingyuan saw displacement—and localities were ordered to relieve the people. Western Xia, Goryeo, Khotan, and Luodian presented tribute.
60
七年春正月癸酉朔，詔赦兩河、京西流民為盜者，仍給復一年。 癸巳，詔罷諸路提舉常平官屬，有罪當黜者以名聞，仍令三省修已廢之法。
Year 7, spring, guiyou new moon: displaced bandits of the two He and Jingxi were amnestied and given one year’s tax relief. On guisi, circuit Ever-Normal Granary staffs were abolished; dismissals were to be reported by name, and the Three Departments were to restore abolished laws.
61
二月甲辰，復置鑄錢監。 詔御史察贓吏。 己酉，雨木冰。 庚戌，詔京師運米五十萬斛至燕山，令工部侍郎孟揆親往措置。 己巳，進封廣國公栻為南康郡王、福國公榛為平陽郡王，並開府儀同三司。 壬申，京東轉運副使李孝昌言招安群盜張萬仙等五萬餘人，詔補官犒賜有差。
Second month, jiachen: coin-casting directorates were restored. Censors were ordered to investigate corrupt officials. On jiyou, trees bore ice rain. On gengxu, five hundred thousand hu of grain were ordered from the capital to the Yan Mountains; Works Vice Minister Meng Kui went in person to arrange it. On jisi, Shi of Guang State became Prince of Nankang and Zhen of Fu State Prince of Pingyang; both received opening-establishment rank equal to the Three Excellencies. On renshen, Jingdong deputy Li Xiaochang reported pacifying Zhang Wanxian and more than fifty thousand bandits; graded offices and rewards were granted.
62
三月癸酉朔，雨雹。 甲申，知海州錢伯言奏招降山東寇賈進等十萬人，詔補官有差。 丙戌，以惠國公楧為開府儀同三司，進封建安郡王。
Third month, guiyou new moon: hail fell. On jiashen, Haizhou prefect Qian Boyan reported pacifying Shandong raider Jia Jin and one hundred thousand men; graded offices were granted. On bingxu, Yuan of Hui State received opening-establishment rank equal to the Three Excellencies and became Prince of Jian’an.
63
夏四月丙辰，降德音於京東、河北路。 庚申，蔡京復致仕。 復州縣免行錢。 戊辰，詔行元豐官制。 復尚書令之名，虛而勿授； 三公但為階官，毋領三省事。
Fourth month, bingchen: Jingdong and Hebei received a gracious pronouncement. On gengshen, Cai Jing retired again. Prefectures and counties were restored to exemption from transit fees. On wuchen, Yuanfeng office regulations took effect. The title Director of the Masters of Writing was restored but left vacant and unbestowed; the Three Dukes were rank posts only and no longer headed the Three Departments.
64
五月壬午，封子樅為潤國公。 丁亥，詔諸路帥臣舉將校有才略者、監司舉守令有政績者歲各三人。
Fifth month, renwu: the son Cong was enfeoffed Duke of Run. On dinghai, circuit commanders were to recommend three able officers yearly and circuit supervisors three magistrates with achievement.
65
六月辛丑朔，詔宗室復著姓。 丙午，封童貫為廣陽郡王。 戊申，詔臣僚輒與內侍來往者論罪。 辛亥，慮囚。 己未，以蔡攸為太保。 癸亥，詔吏職雜流出身人，毋得陳請改換。 乙丑，罷減六尚歲貢物。
Sixth month, xinchou new moon: the imperial clan surname was restored. On bingwu, Tong Guan was enfeoffed Prince of Guangyang. On wushen, officials who dealt with inner attendants were to be punished. On xinhai, prisoners were reviewed. On jiwei, Cai You became Grand Guardian. On guihai, men of clerical and miscellaneous origins could not petition to change status. On chou, the six inner treasuries’ annual tribute was reduced.
66
秋七月庚午朔，詔士庶毋以「天」、「王」、「君」、「聖」為名字，及以壬戌日輔臣焚香。 甲戌，以河間郡王㮙為太保，進封沂王。 是月，河東義勝軍叛。 熙河、河東路地震。
Seventh month, gengwu new moon: commoners were forbidden personal names using Heaven, King, Lord, or Sage; on renxu days chief ministers burned incense. On jiaxu, Prince of Hejian Kai became Grand Guardian and Prince of Yi. That month the Yisheng Army of Hedong rebelled. Xihe and Hedong were shaken by earthquake.
67
九月辛巳，大饗明堂。 壬辰，金人以擒遼主，遣李孝和等來告慶。 是月，河東言粘罕至雲中，詔童貫復宣撫。 有狐升禦榻而坐。
Ninth month, xinsi: the Bright Hall saw a grand sacrifice. On renchen, having captured the Liao ruler, Jin sent Li Xiaohe and others to announce victory. That month Hedong reported Nianhan at Yunzhong; Tong Guan was restored as pacification commissioner. A fox climbed onto the imperial couch and sat.
68
冬十月辛亥，賜曾布諡曰文肅。 戊午，罷京畿和糴。
Tenth month, xinhai: Zeng Bu received the posthumous title Cultured and Stern. On wuwu, capital-region grain purchase was abolished.
69
十一月庚午，詔：無出身待制以上、年及三十通歷任滿十歲，乃許任子。 乙亥，遣使回慶金國。 甲申，朝獻景靈宮。 乙酉，饗太廟。 丙戌，祀昊天上帝於圜丘，赦天下。 庚寅，以保靜軍節度使種師道為河東、河北路制置使。 十二月乙巳，童貫自太原遁歸京師。 己酉，中山奏金人斡離不、粘罕分兩道入攻。 郭藥師以燕山叛，北邊諸郡皆陷。 又陷忻、代等州，圍太原府。 太常少卿傅察奉使不屈，死之。 丙辰，罷浙江諸路花石綱、延福宮、西城租課及內外製造局。 金兵犯中山府，詹度禦之。 戊午，皇太子桓為開封牧。 罷修蕃衍北宅，令諸皇子分居十位。 己未，下詔罪己。 令中外直言極諫，郡邑率師勤王，募草澤異才有能出奇計及使疆外者。 罷道官，罷大晟府、行幸局。 西城及諸局所管緡錢，盡付有司。 以保和殿大學士宇文虛中為河北、河東路宣諭使。 庚申，詔內禪，皇太子即皇帝位。 尊帝為教主道君太上皇帝，居於龍德宮。 尊皇后為太上皇后。
Eleventh month, gengwu: only men without examination origin who had reached vice drafter, were thirty or older, and had served ten full years might confer office on sons. On yihai, envoys were sent to return congratulations to the Jin. On jiashen, the Jingling Palace was presented in court audience. On yiyou, the Ancestral Temple was feasted. On bingxu, Heaven was sacrificed to at the Round Mound and the realm amnestied. On gengyin, Baojing commissioner Zhong Shidao became commissioner-general of Hebei and Hedong. Twelfth month, yisi: Tong Guan fled from Taiyuan to the capital. On jiyou, Zhongshan reported Jin commanders Wolibu and Nianhan advancing in two columns. Guo Yaoshi rebelled with the Yan Mountains and northern border prefectures fell. Xin and Dai also fell and Taiyuan was besieged. Court of Imperial Sacrifices vice minister Fu Cha went on embassy, would not yield, and died. On bingchen, Zhejiang Flower-and-Stone convoys, Yanfu Palace, Xicheng rents, and inner and outer manufacture offices were abolished. Jin troops attacked Zhongshan; Zhan Du defended it. On wuwu, heir apparent Huan became Kaifeng intendant. Fanxing North Residence construction was halted and the princes were ordered to live separately in ten residences. On jiwei, a self-reproach edict was issued. Court and provinces were told to remonstrate bluntly; prefectures were to lead troops to aid the throne; and men of talent who could offer stratagems or serve beyond the borders were to be recruited. Daoist offices, the Great Splendor Bureau, and the Imperial Progress Office were abolished. Xicheng and the various offices’ string-cash were handed to the regular authorities. Baohé Hall scholar Yuwen Xuzhong became pacification commissioner of Hebei and Hedong. On gengshen, inner abdication was ordered and the heir apparent took the throne. The emperor was honored Retired Emperor, Patriarch and Sovereign of the Way, and dwelt at Longde Palace. The empress was honored Retired Empress.
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靖康元年正月己巳，詣亳州太清宮，行恭謝禮，遂幸鎮江府。 四月己亥，還京師。 明年二月丁卯，金人脅帝北行。 紹興五年四月甲子，崩于五國城，年五十有四。 七年九月甲子，凶問至江南，遙上尊諡曰聖文仁德顯孝皇帝，廟號徽宗。 十二年八月乙酉，梓宮還臨安。 十月丙寅，權欑於永祐陵。 十二月丁卯，祔太廟第十一室。 十三年正月己亥，加上尊諡曰體神合道駿烈遜功聖文仁德憲慈顯孝皇帝。
Jingkang 1, jisi: he went to Bozhou’s Grand Pure Palace for thanksgiving, then proceeded to Zhenjiang. Fourth month, jihai: he returned to the capital. The next year, second month, dingmao: the Jin forced the emperor north. Shaoxing 5, fourth month, jiazi: he died at Wuguo City, aged fifty-four. In the seventh year, ninth month, jiazi: word of his death reached the south; from afar he received the honorific Sagely Culture, Humaneness, Virtue, and Manifest Filiality Emperor and temple name Huizong. In the twelfth year, eighth month, yiyou: the coffin returned to Lin’an. Tenth month, bingyin: it was temporarily enshrined at Yongyou Mausoleum. Twelfth month, dingmao: he entered the Ancestral Temple’s eleventh shrine. Year 13, jihai: his honorific was lengthened with Embodying the Spirit, Harmonizing the Way, Majestic Ardor, Yielding Merit, Constitution, and Manifest Filiality.
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贊曰：宋中葉之禍，章、蔡首惡，趙良嗣厲階。 然哲宗之崩，徽宗未立，惇謂其輕佻不可以君於下。 遼天祚之亡，張覺舉平州來歸，良嗣以為納之失信于金，必啟外侮。 使二人之計行，宋不立徽宗，不納張覺，金雖強，何釁以伐宋哉？ 以是知事變之來，雖小人亦能知之，而君子有所不能制也。 跡徽宗失國之由，非若晉惠之愚、孫皓之暴，亦非有曹、馬之篡奪，特恃其私智小慧，用心一偏，疏斥正士，狎近奸諛。 於是蔡京以獧薄巧佞之資，濟其驕奢淫佚之志。 溺信虛無，崇飾遊觀，困竭民力。 君臣逸豫，相為誕謾，怠棄國政，日行無稽。 及童貫用事，又佳兵勤遠，稔禍速亂。 他日國破身辱，遂與石晉重貴同科，豈得諉諸數哉？ 昔西周新造之邦，召公猶告武王以不作無益害有益，不貴異物賤用物，況宣、政之為宋，承熙、豐、紹聖椓喪之餘，而徽宗又躬蹈二事之弊乎？ 自古人君玩物而喪志，縱欲而敗度，鮮不亡者，徽宗甚焉，故特著以為戒。
Appraisal: Mid-Song’s calamity—Zhang Dun and Cai Jing were chief villains; Zhao Liangsi opened the stairway to ruin. Yet when Zhezong died and Huizong was not yet enthroned, Dun said he was too frivolous to rule the realm. When Liao’s Tianzuo fell, Zhang Jue offered Ping in surrender; Liangsi warned that taking him would break faith with Jin and invite attack. Had those two plans been followed—no Huizong, no Zhang Jue—how would strong Jin have found a pretext to attack Song? Thus when disaster comes, petty men may foresee it while gentlemen cannot always restrain it. Tracing Huizong’s loss of the state: unlike Jin Hui’s stupidity or Sun Hao’s cruelty, unlike Cao or Sima usurpation—he relied on petty cleverness, a one-sided mind, driving off upright men and drawing near flatterers. Then Cai Jing, shallow, crafty, and fawning, fed Huizong’s proud, extravagant, dissolute desires. He drowned in emptiness, glorified tours and spectacles, and exhausted the people’s strength. Ruler and ministers lived at ease, feeding one another’s boasts, neglecting government and daily doing what had no standard. When Tong Guan held power he prized arms and distant campaigns, heaping disaster and hastening chaos. When the state was broken and his person disgraced, he shared Later Jin’s Chonggui’s verdict—how could he blame fate? Of old, in newly founded Western Zhou, the Duke of Shao yet told King Wu not to do what harmed the beneficial or prize strange things over useful ones—how much more Song under Xuanhe and Zhenghe, inheriting Xining, Yuanfeng, and Shaosheng’s ruin, while Huizong trod both abuses again? Since antiquity rulers who toyed with things and lost purpose, who indulged desire and ruined measure, have rarely escaped ruin—Huizong did so to the extreme; therefore it is set forth as a warning.