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卷二十三 本紀第二十三 欽宗

Volume 23 Annals 23: Qinzong

Chapter 23 of 宋史 · History of Song
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Chapter 23
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1
殿 殿 簿
Qinzong, the Respectful, Cultured, Shun, Virtuous, Benevolent, and Filial Emperor—taboo name Huan—was Huizong’s eldest son; his mother was Empress Gongxian Wang. Yuanfu 3, fourth month, yiyou: he was born in the Hall of Earthly Tranquility. First named Dan, he became Duke of Han, then in the sixth month of the next year Prince of Jingzhao. Chongning 1, second month, jiawu: he was renamed Xuan; eleventh month, dinghai: renamed again to Huan. Daguan 2, first month: he became Prince of Ding. Zhenghe 1, third month: he lectured at the Hall of Cultivating Goodness. In the third year, first month: he took Junior Grand Guardian. In the fourth year, second month, guiyou: he was capped in the Hall of Civil Virtue. In the fifth year, second month, yisi: he became crown prince and the realm was pardoned. On dingsi, he visited the Imperial Ancestral Temple. He was offered the golden chariot and full guard of Zhidao and Tianxi days, with palace staff to call him “minister”—he refused all. In the sixth year, sixth month, guiwei: he wed Lady Zhu.
2
殿 使 西
Xuanhe 7, twelfth month, wuwu: he became Kaifeng metropolitan governor. On gengshen, Huizong abdicated in favor of the crown prince, styled himself Lord Emperor of the Dao, and had the heir brought in and dressed in imperial robes. He wept, refused again, and fell ill. He refused once more; they would not hear it. On xinyou, he ascended and received the court at the Hall of Hanging Bow. That day a five-colored halo ringed the sun, red-yellow ears dangling; a second sun swayed against it long minutes. Huizong was moved to the Palace of Dragon Virtue; the empress to the Garden of Gathering Splendor. Li Bangyan oversaw Dragon Virtue Palace; Cai You and Wu Min served as deputies. By then Jin columns were already crossing the borders. On renxu, crimes short of treason were pardoned, ranks lifted, troops paid, Lady Zhu crowned, and Geng Nanzhong made signatory of Military Affairs. On guihai, the Princes of Yan and Yue were excused from hurrying to court and from having their names called in obeisance. Only orders from the Three Departments and Military Affairs Bureau were to run the ministries. On jiazi, Wanyan Zonghan took Xinde; Nianhan besieged Taiyuan. Jingdong, Huai west, and Zhe were ordered to raise troops for the capital. Students led by Chen Dong denounced the Six Bandits—Cai Jing, Tong Guan, Wang Fu, Liang Shicheng, Li Yan, and Zhu Mian—and demanded their heads. On bingyin, Huizong became Sagely Lord, Emperor Emeritus of the Dao; the empress, Daoist Empress Emeritus. The reign title was changed.
3
退 使使退 使 使 使 使 使使 使 使使 退 使 使 退殿 使 使 西 使 使使使 使使
Jingkang 1, spring, dingmao new moon: after court congratulations he went to Dragon Virtue Palace to greet Huizong. The throne called for sealed memorials on what was right and wrong in government. Jin took Xiang prefecture. On wuchen, Jin took Jun prefecture. Liang Fangping’s Weiwu army broke; He Guan, Hebei-Hedong vice commissioner, fell back on Hua. On jisi, He Guan ran; Jin crossed the Yellow River; Qinzong was told to take the field himself. Huizong went east; Cai You ran his traveling palace with Yuwen Cuizhong as deputy. Appointments, dismissals, and favors were to follow ancestral precedent hereafter. One hundred five offices were struck; only the rear park was kept for Dragon Virtue Palace. Wu Min directed Military Affairs; Li Zhi served as associate. Wang Fu, retired grand preceptor, was demoted to Chongxin vice commissioner and sent to Yong. Li Yan of the Guard was executed and his property seized. Zhu Mian of Ningyuan was sent home to his village. Qinzong meant to take the field; Li Gang was left to hold the capital with Li Zhi as deputy. Wang Yu talked him out of going in person. On gengwu, Huizong reached Bozhou while officials slipped away by night. The council wanted the court at Xiang and Deng; Li Gang blocked it. Li Gang became right secretariat vice director. On xinwei, Li Gang headed the Personal Campaign Headquarters with Cao Meng of the Horse Guard as deputy. Bai Shizhong left the grand chancellery. Li Bangyan took the grand chancellery; Zhang Bangchang the junior secretariat; Zhao Ye the chancellery; Wang Xiaodi the secretariat; Cai Mao the left vice director. On renshen, Jin crossed the river; envoys raced to summon relief from every circuit. On guiyou, the Two Departments and Military Affairs were ordered back to Yuanfeng forms. As Jin closed on the capital, Zheng Wangzhi and Gao Shize were sent to the Jin camp. Attendants were told to name civil and military men bold enough to lead. That night Jin hit the Xuande Gate; Li Gang held, killed or captured a hundred, and drove them off at dawn. On jiaxu, Wu Xiaomin came to parley; Li Zhi went to the Jin camp. Jin also sent Xiao Sanbaonu, Yelü Zhong, and Zhang Yugong. Tang Que became associate director of Military Affairs. On yihai, Jin stormed Tongjin and Jingyang gates; Li Gang fought from dawn to dusk, took thousands of heads; He Guan fell. Li Zhi returned with Xiao Sanbaonu, Yelü Zhong, and Wang Yu demanding millions in gold and silk, the three prefectures of Taiyuan, Zhongshan, and Hejian, and a chief minister and prince as hostages before they would leave; on bingzi Qinzong left the main hall and cut his table. Gold and silver were scraped up; actors’ homes were inventoried for seizure. On gengchen, Zhang Bangchang went with Prince Kang Gou to Jin; edicts called the Jin state “Great.” On xinsi, Huizong reached Zhenjiang. Lu Yundi became signatory of Military Affairs. Jin took Yangwu; magistrate Jiang Xingzu died defending it. On renwu, a gale hurled stones until evening. The son Chen was made Prince of Daning. On jiashen, circuit investigators were cut, money surcharges ended, and school lands went back to the Ever-Normal Granary. Ma Zhong’s Jingxi levies arrived and beat Jin outside the Gate of Compliance with Heaven. On yiyou, Lu Yundi went to Nianhan in Hedong. Liu Sichu of Pingyang turned the city over to Jin. On dinghai, Zhong Shidao marched Jingyuan and Qinfeng men to the rescue, became associate director of Military Affairs, and commanded all relief forces for the capital, Hebei, and Hedong. On gengyin, Wang Fu was killed by bandits at Yongqiu. On guisi, fog walled the city. On yiwei, Liang Shicheng was demoted to Zhanghua vice commissioner and granted death at Bajiao post.
4
使 殿使 退 殿 使 使 使 殿 使 退 使 使殿 使 使 宿 使 使使使使使使殿使使 殿 西
Second month, dingyou new moon: Yao Pingzhong’s night raid on the Jin camp failed and he fled. On wuxu, Li Gang was removed to please Jin; the Personal Campaign Headquarters was struck. Jin returned to talk peace. On gengzi, Cao Cheng went to the Jin camp. On xinchou, Yuwen Xuzhong and Wang Qiu followed; the three prefectures were promised. Chen Dong and tens of thousands knelt at the gate demanding Li Gang and Zhong Shidao back, accusing Li Bangyan of hating Gang—dismissing him was Jin’s plan. When Bangyan entered court, the crowd shouted his crimes at him. Wu Min read the edict; the crowd would not budge, beat the petition drum, and roared till the ground shook. Fearing riot, Guard commander Wang Zongfu urged the throne to yield. Geng Nanzhong cried out: “Gang is already restored by edict.” Eunuch Zhu Gongzhi announced too late; the mob tore him apart and killed dozens of eunuchs. Li Gang returned as right vice director and capital defender. On renyin, Fan Zhongyan was made Duke of Wei posthumously, Sima Guang Grand Preceptor, Zhang Shangying Junior Grand Guardian, and Yuanyou faction bans were lifted. Leaders among those who killed eunuchs were to die; gate petitions were banned; parks and halls usable by the people were turned over. Jin sent Wang Yu. On guimao, Prince Su went to the Jin camp. Xu Churen became secretariat vice director; Yuwen Xuzhong signatory of Military Affairs. Cai Mao left office. On yisi, Yuwen Xuzhong and Wang Qiu went again to Jin. Prince Kang came back from Jin. Jin sent Han Guangyi to say farewell, pulled back, and the capital stood down. On bingwu, Prince Kang Gou became Grand Preceptor and Jingjiang Fengning commissioner. Bright Hall monthly audiences and policy posts were cut. On dingwei, two solar “ears” appeared. On wushen, the realm was pardoned. The throne told the people: hereafter follow ancestral ways; every state-rotting, people-harming practice was dead. On jiyou, councilors’ concurrent Daoist palace posts and seal keepers were struck. By ancestral rule, soldiers’ favorites would run Military Affairs; famed border generals would head the Three Guards. With Jin asking peace, those who had once served Jin and returned to Song were sent home to their districts. On gengxu, Li Bangyan fell; Zhang Bangchang took the grand chancellery; Wu Min the junior secretariat; Li Gang Military Affairs; Geng Nanzhong left vice director; Li Zhi right. On xinhai, censors were told to speak as under the ancestors. Yuwen Cuizhong left court for Jiangning. On guichou, Zhong Shidao became commissioner of the Central Grand Unity Palace. Chen Guan was posthumously made right remonstrator. On jiayin, Cai Jing became palace librarian at Nanjing; Tong Guan left guard senior general; Cai You grandee at Bozhou Mingdao Palace. Earlier Nianhan’s envoys had asked for bribes; ministers, seeing relief armies gather, held the envoys and courted Yelü Dashi. Now Nianhan raged; failing at Taiyuan he split toward the capital, passed the passes, and Li Zhi of Weisheng surrendered. On yimao, Longde fell; Zhang Que, Zhao Bozhen, and Zhang Yanyuan died. On bingchen, two meteors—one from Zhang into the Turbid, one from the North River into the Chariot. On jiwei, meritorious honorary commissioners were to become regular prefects. On xinyou, Liang Fangping was beheaded for abandoning the ford. Wang Xiaodi left office. Wang Yun and Cao Meng went to Jin; Zhong Shidao became Hebei-Hedong commissioner; Yao Gu his deputy. On yichou, Qinzong ate again in the main hall. On bingyin, a grief edict went to Shaanxi and Hedong. That month Jin hit Gaoping in Ze; Gao Shiyou went out with gifts and they withdrew.
5
使 使 使 使 使 西 使 使 殿 殿殿 使西使 使
Third month, dingmao new moon: Song Huan carried a memorial to Huizong’s traveling palace. Attendants were told to speak freely. Ministries were not to obey orders unless the Three Departments and Military Affairs sent them. The yearly Sichuan envoy was cut. Laborers buried the dead; envoys sacrificed at the four suburbs. On wuchen, Li Zhi became commissioner of the Palace of Grand Felicity. On jisi, Zhang Bangchang became commissioner of the Central Grand Unity Palace. Xu Churen took the grand chancellery; Tang Que the secretariat; He Li right vice director; Xu Han associate at Military Affairs. On gengwu, Yuwen Xuzhong went to Qing prefecture. On guiyou, he gave thanks at the Eastern Shrine of the Brilliant Spirit. Zhao Ye was sent to welcome Huizong’s traveling palace. On jiaxu, thanksgiving at the Western Brilliant Spirit and Founding Felicity shrines. On yihai, he visited Yang Virtue, Condensed Auspice, Central Grand Unity, Assisting Spirit, and Xiangguo Monastery. On bingzi, the Garden of Gathering Splendor became the Palace of Tranquil Virtue. Sima Guang’s line was entered in the registers. On jimao, Princes You of Yan and Sui of Yue became Grand Preceptor. On renwu, with Jin deep in breach, peace-maker Li Bangyan and cession-envoys Li Zhi, Li Ye, and Zheng Wangzhi were all cashiered. Zhong Shidao, Yao Gu, and Zhong Shizhong were sent to save the three prefectures and the tomb districts, with orders to hold. On guiwei, Li Gang went to Nanjing to welcome Huizong; Xu Churen handled ritual. Li Zhuo and Li Hui left office. On yiyou, Huizong was welcomed at Yichun Garden; the empress dowager entered Tranquil Virtue Palace. On bingxu, Zhan Du, Zhang Xiaochun, and Chen Sui were advanced for holding Zhongshan, Taiyuan, and Hejian; Gao Shiyou of Ze took Dragon Diagram for his defense. On dinghai, he attended at Tranquil Virtue; traveling-palace staff were promised reward on return—except the guilty already banished, censors were not to dig up old cases. On gengyin, Prince Su became Grand Preceptor. Yao Gu retook Longde. On xinmao, Weisheng army was retaken. On renchen, Princes Qi of Jing and Xu of Ji became Grand Preceptor. A meteor left the Purple Forbidden enclosure. On jiawu, Prince Kang Gou took Jiqing and Jianxiong; Qian Gai became Shaanxi commissioner. Chen Dong was offered initial rank and jinshi by grace; he refused. Zhu Mian’s property was seized. On yiwei, those who had gone over to Jin but not yet been expelled were halted. On bingshen, Cai Jing was demoted to Chongxin vice commissioner. That spring the Western Xia took Tiande, Yunnei, Wu, and eight Hedong lodges.
6
殿 使 使 西殿 使 使 使
Fourth month, wuxu: Western Xia took Zhenwei; acting prefect Zhu Zhao died. On jihai, the Emperor Emeritus entered the capital gate. On renyin, he attended at Dragon Virtue Palace. On guimao, the son Chen became crown prince. Geng Nanzhong became chancellery vice director. On yisi, a Spring and Autumn doctorate was set up. On wushen, a Detailed Deliberation Office in the Ministry of Revenue was to recover ancestral law. On jiyou, Qianlong day, the court wished him long life at Purple Brightness Hall. On gengxu, Zhao Ye left office. On renzi, Jin sent Jia Ting and Ran Qigong. On guichou, Grand Preceptor Zheng Shen of Yi became Prince of Leping. Tong Guan was demoted to Zhaohua vice commissioner and sent to Chen. Councilors’ pay was cut a third; stipends halved. The classics lecture was opened. Personnel was told to scour every officer raised by Yang Jian’s and Li Yan’s fields, Wang Fu’s and Zhu Mian’s tribute, Tong Guan’s northwest wars, Meng Changling’s rivers, Kuizhou and Hunan expansion, Guan-Shaan and Hedong coinage, court favorites, praise offerings, and special palace exams—and strip rank from all. On jiayin, Zhong Shidao became Grand Marshal, associate at Military Affairs, and Hebei-Hedong commissioner. On yimao, special holiday audiences would not excuse offices from duty. Fan Ne of Pingliang became senior general of the Right Golden Crow Guard. On bingchen, informers who exposed false alarms of a second Jin descent would be paid. On wuwu, Prince Shi of Nankang became Prince of He; Prince Zhen of Pingyang, Prince of Xin. On jiwei, examinations returned to poetry and rhapsody; Zhuangzi, Laozi, and Wang Anshi’s character book were banned. On renxu, Qinzong would pick censors himself—councilors could not nominate—and the rule was fixed. Zhenghe-era Daoist, recluse, and “master” honors and backdoor appointments were revoked. On jiazi, capital censors, circuit supervisors, prefects, and route commanders were each to name two border veterans or brave men fit to lead in battle. Captain Zhan Kang of the eastern army fought Jin at Jiao county and fell. On yichou, the Three Guards and every circuit commissioner were each to name five border-wise, brave, or crowd-backed men fit for command. Cai You was demoted to vice commissioner; Zhu Mian was sent to Xun.
7
西殿 使使 使使使使使使 使 使使
Fifth month, bingyin new moon: court at Dragon Virtue; commissioners daily reported Huizong’s health. On dingmao, those who could feed the armies with grain or cash were to be named for reward. Yu Shen of Zhenxi became Special Advanced and palace academician. On wuchen, Wang Anshi was removed from Confucius’s temple. On gengwu, Qian Jingzhen of Anwu and Liu Zongyuan of Zhen’an became left Golden Crow senior generals. Liu Fu, Liu Min, Zhang Mao, Wang Shunchen, Zhu Xiaosun, and Qian Chen became right Golden Crow senior generals. That day was bitter cold. On xinwei, the copper ban was proclaimed. Awaiting-edict officers without examination pedigree, thirty years old with ten years’ real service, might confer rank on sons. Yu Yingqiu was cashiered for flattering the council and sent to Wei prefecture. On jiaxu, Hebei received a partial pardon. On yihai, the gold ban was proclaimed. On dingchou, sixteen austerity orders went to circuit supervisors and prefects: cut waste, purge greed, spare the people. Yao Gu reached Weisheng; at word Nianhan was near the army broke; Hedong shook. Zhong Shizhong fought Jin at Yuci and fell. On jimao, salary fields of officials outside the capital were borrowed for a year. Gao Qiu died. On xinsi, the Imperial Kitchen’s daily table was cut. Gao Qiu’s offices were posthumously stripped. On jiawu, the Detailed Deliberation Office was abolished. On jichou, Hedong pacification commissioner Zhang Xiaochun became acting Junior Guardian and Wudang military commissioner. On renchen, the realm was called to present those skilled in arms and military texts. On yiwei, Yao Gu was ordered to relieve Taiyuan.
8
殿 使 殿使西使 使西使使 使 使
Sixth month, bingchen new moon: with the Retired Emperor back at court, he held audience at the Purple Forbidden Hall and received the ministers. Remonstrance officials were ordered to speak exhaustively on shortcomings. On wuxu, court and outer offices were ordered to recommend civil and military men fit for command. Taiyuan was tightly besieged; ministers wished to cede the three circuits, but Li Gang blocked it, and Li Gang replaced Zhong Shidao as pacification commissioner to relieve Taiyuan. On xinchou, Liu Ge became deputy pacification commissioner and Jie Qian deputy commissioner-general. Venus crossed Jupiter. On renyin, Duke of Yan Bian became Prince of Ankang and Duke of Han Jian Prince of Guangping; both received opening-establishment rank equal to the Three Excellencies. An edict: “Today’s orders shall only follow the Retired Emperor’s edicts and restore ancestral institutions. Ministers and scholars should expound Confucius and Mencius, discern Wang Anshi’s errors, and support Our restoration.” On guimao, Wang Bing became Jianwu military commissioner, recording his stout defense of Taiyuan. On jiachen, Lu Yundi was dismissed as superintendent of Liquan Abbey. On yisi, Chen Gongfu was punished with supervision of Hezhou wine tax for memorializing on affairs. On renzi, a celestial dog fell to earth. The sound was like thunder. On guichou, prisoners were reviewed. On bingchen, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn all met in Zhang. On xinyou, the Waterways and Palace Construction directorates were forbidden eunuch receivers. Hexi commissioner-general Jiao Anjie broke the law; Li Gang executed him. On renxu, Yao Gu was demoted to military vice commissioner and placed at Guangzhou for holding troops and dawdling. A comet appeared in the Purple Forbidden Enclosure.
9
西 西使
Seventh month, yichou new moon: the ban on Yuanfu heterodox memorialists was lifted. In Zhenghe, Song Zhao had memorialized against attacking Liao and was demoted to Lianzhou; On gengwu, he was summoned to the chief ministers’ hall. On yihai, Cai Jing was placed at Danzhou, Cai You at Leizhou, and Tong Guan at Jiyang Army. On jimao, official-field loans in Hebei, Hedong, and Shaanxi were remitted. On yiyou: Cai Jing’s twenty-three sons and grandsons, already scattered afar, were not to be moved nearer on amnesty. That day Cai Jing died at Tanzhou. On dinghai, attendant officials were ordered jointly to revise the slanderous history of Empress Xuanren. On renchen, Zhang Cheng was sent to execute Tong Guan and Li Shengzhi Zhao Liangsi; their descendants were banished to Hainan. On guichen, Li Guang was demoted to grain supervision for memorializing. That month Jie Qian fought the Jin at Nanguan and was defeated. Liu Ge led troops from Liaozhou against the Jin and was defeated.
10
使 殿 使 使使 使
Eighth month, jiawu new moon: Chen Guan’s descendants were ennobled. On bingchen, Zhong Shidao was again made pacification commissioner to tour the borders; Li Gang was recalled. On gengzi, because of the comet the emperor left the hall and reduced meals and ordered ministers to report the people’s hardships. Hedong investigating commissioner Zhang Hao fought the Jin at Wenshui and was defeated. On xinchou, seventeen categories of popular hardship were sought and abolished. On dingwei, Wolibu again attacked Guangxin and Baozhou without success, then invaded Zhending. On wushen, Zhang Sizheng by night raided the Jin at Wenshui and defeated them. On jiyou they fought again; the army collapsed and tens of thousands died; Sizheng fled to Fenzhou. Commissioner-general Zhe Keqiu’s army collapsed at Zixia Mountain. People of Weisheng, Longde, Fen, Jin, Ze, and Jiang all fled south across the Yellow River; prefectures and counties stood empty. The Jin pressed the victory and attacked Taiyuan. Zhang Tingjian’s descendants were ennobled. On yimao, Wang Yun and Ma Shiyuan were sent to the Jin; Liu Cen and Li Ruoshui were sent separately to their armies to discuss peace. On wuwu, Xu Han was dismissed as Bozhou prefect. On jiwei, Grand Preceptor Xu Churen was dismissed as Dongping prefect and Junior Preceptor Wu Min as Yangzhou prefect. Tang Que became Junior Preceptor and Secretariat vice director; He Xu Secretariat vice director; Chen Guoting right vice director; Nie Chang associate military affairs director; Li Hui signing military affairs secretary. On gengshen, Wang Yun was sent to the Jin army, with the three circuits’ tax levies permitted. That month the Fuzhou army mutinied and killed acting prefect Liu Tingjun.
11
使 使 西 使 西
Ninth month, bingyin: the Jin took Taiyuan and seized Zhang Xiaochun; Wang Bing, Fang Ji, and others all died. On xinwei, Wu Min was demoted to Chongxin military vice commissioner and placed at Fuzhou. Cai You was moved to Wan’an Army; soon he, his brother Xiu, and Zhu Mian were all granted death. On yihai: Cai Jing’s pre-Jingkang imperial-brush edicts were ordered collected, compared with ancestral law and current practice, and revised into a book. On dingchou, Minister of Rites Wang Yu became left vice director. On wuyin, red vapor followed the rising sun. Li Gang was dismissed as Yangzhou prefect. On renwu, Tong Guan’s head was displayed in the capital market. On guiwei, commoner Yin Xu was granted Hermit of Hejing. On jiashen, the sun had two ear-rings and back-glow. On bingxu, the three capitals and Dengzhou were made grand marshal prefectures, each commanding one circuit’s troops. On gengyin, Zhao Ye became north-circuit grand marshal, Wang Xiang west, Zhang Shuye south, and Hu Zhiru east. Li Gang was again dismissed as superintendent of the Grotto of Heaven. On xinmao, Huang E was sent by sea to the Jin to discuss peace. That month the Xia took Xi’an prefecture.
12
殿 使 使 便 使使 使 使 使
Tenth month, guisi new moon: the emperor resumed meals in the hall. Li Gang was demoted to Baojing military vice commissioner and placed at Jianchang Army. On dingyou, the Jin took Zhending; commander Liu Chong died. A cup-sized meteor appeared. On wuxu, Jin envoys Yang Tiangi and Wang Rui came. On gengzi, the sun showed green, red, and yellow favor-glow. The Jin took Fenzhou; Zhang Kezhan and Jia Dan died. They again attacked Pingding Army. On xinchou, a grief-stricken edict ordered Hebei and Hedong commanders to circulate proclamations and act as circumstances required. On renyin, on the Heavenly Tranquility festival the emperor led ministers to Longde Palace for birthday felicitations. On jiachen, men recommended by Cai Jing, Wang Fu, and Tong Guan were ordered employed. On bingwu, attendant officials assembled at the Department of State Affairs to discuss ceding the three circuits. Zhong Shidao was recalled. On dingwei, Minister of Rites Feng Xu became director of military affairs. On jiyou, the Flying Mountain catapult camp was reviewed. On gengxu, Fan Na became Ningwu military commissioner and Hebei-Hedong pacification commissioner. Former Liao general Xiao Erlü took Lin’s Jianning stockade; Yang Zhen died. On renzi, ritual officials were ordered to deliberate the Jin ruler’s honorific title. Wang Yu was ordered to assist Prince Kang to Wolibu’s army; Yu declined. On yimao, trees bore ice rain. On bingchen, the Jin took Pingyang and again took Weisheng, Longde, and Ze. On dingsi, Goryeo presented tribute; Mingzhou relayed the memorial and sent the envoys back. On wuwu, Wang Yu was demoted to Shanzhou training vice commissioner; Feng Xu went in his place. On gengshen, the sun had two ear-rings and back-glow. Attendant censor Hu Shunzhi requested relief for Zhongshan; it was not heeded. On xinyou, Zhong Shidao died.
13
使 西 使 殿使 使 使 使使 使西使 殿
Eleventh month, bingyin: the Xia took Huaide Army; Liu Quan and Du Yishi died. Tan Ji’s household goods were registered. On wuchen, Prince Kang had not reached the Jin army when he returned. Feng Xu was dismissed. On jisi, all officials assembled to deliberate abandoning the three circuits. On gengwu, Hebei, Hedong, and the capital region were ordered cleared; refugees might occupy official lodges and temples. On xinwei, a cup-sized meteor appeared. On renshen, the capital’s people were forbidden to stir one another with loose talk. On guiyou, Fan Zongyin was dismissed for first proposing to abandon territory. The Jin reached beyond the Yellow River; Zhe Yanzi led one hundred twenty thousand troops to resist. On jiaxu, the army collapsed. The Jin crossed the river; Yan Ying and Wang Xiang abandoned their cities and fled. On yihai, Wang Yun was ordered to assist Prince Kang to Wolibu’s army. The three circuits might be ceded, with dragon robes and chariots presented, their ruler honored as imperial uncle, and an honorific offered. On bingzi, the Jin crossed the river; Zhe Yanzi’s troops wholly collapsed and Xu Gao’s at Luokou. The Jin came saying they wished to take all Hebei. The capital was placed under martial law. Feng Xu and Li Ruoshui were sent as envoys to Nianhan’s army. On dingchou, He Xu was dismissed. Chen Guoting became Secretariat vice director; Sun Fu became right vice director. Loyal Merit Gentleman Guo Jing was ordered to lead the selected Six Jia regular troops. Li Hui, with ten thousand horsemen to defend the river, had the host collapse and return. That day the capital’s gates were blocked. On wuyin, Consort Wei was advanced to Worthy Consort; Prince Kang Gou became An’guo and Anwu military commissioner. The order to clear the countryside was revoked. On xinsi, Huo Anguo became Palace Attendant and Lin Yuan direct Palace Attendant, rewarding defensive merit. On renwu, Wolibu sent Yang Tiangi, Wang Rui, and Bojin Salimai. Geng Nanzhong was sent to Wolibu’s army and Nie Chang to Nianhan’s, with the Yellow River as boundary permitted. Prince Kang reached Cizhou; the people killed Wang Yun and stopped him from going; the prince returned to Xiangzhou. On jiashen, Sun Fu became associate military affairs director and Cao Fu signing secretary. Fan Zhixu became Shaanxi five-circuit pacification commissioner, ordered to urge loyalist armies to aid. On yiyou, Wolibu’s army reached below the walls. Wax-sealed letters went out by secret routes to summon troops; Prince Kang and Hebei commanders were also to aid. Many were captured by border troops. On dinghai, great wind tore off roofs and broke trees. Li Hui was dismissed. On wuzi, the Jin attacked Tongjin Gate; Fan Qiong led troops out and burned their stockade. On jichou, Zhang Shuye led loyalist troops to Yujin Garden and was made Academician of the Hall for Assisting Governance. Wolibu sent Liu Yan. On gengyin, the emperor went to the eastern wall to encourage the army. The Three Departments’ chief titles were ordered to follow the Yuanfeng old system. He Xu, holding Kaifeng, became Chancellery vice director.
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使 使 西西 殿 殿 殿使 殿 使 殿 使 使 使
Intercalary month, renchen new moon: the Jin attacked Shanli Gate; Yao Zhongyou defended it. Strange troops mutinied and killed envoys; Wang Zongyin executed several tens before order was restored. Tang Que left the capital; the people wished to strike him, so he begged to go and was dismissed as Central Grand Unity superintendent. He Xu became right vice director and concurrently Secretariat vice director. Liu Ge was demoted five grades and given a sinecure for abandoning the army. On guisi, the capital was bitterly cold; following day-officials’ advice, an earth ox was borrowed to welcome spring. Zhu Boyou was demoted three grades and dismissed for abandoning Zhengzhou. West-circuit grand marshal Wang Xiang abandoned the Western Capital and left. Ze prefect Gao Shiyou surrendered the city to the Jin. Yan Ying wished to abandon Heyang but was killed by mutinous troops. Hedong’s prefectures and commanderies were nearly all surrendered or taken. The capital’s people killed eastern-wall controller Xin Kangzong. The people were dismissed from the walls; security groups replaced them. Nianhan’s army reached below the walls. On jiawu, as snow and rain fell, the emperor donned armor, ascended the wall, bestowed imperial meals, and served hot rice; all wept in gratitude. The Jin attacked Tongjin Gate; several hundred men were lowered by rope to defend; five catapults and two goose carts were burned. Li Gang was urgently made Grand Academician and given Kaifeng prefecture. The Jin took Huai; Huo Anguo, Lin Yuan, Zhang Pengnian, Zhao Shizhuo, and Zhang Chen all died. On yiwei, the Jin entered the Greenwall suburb and attacked Chaoyang Gate. Feng Xu came with the Jin men Xiao Qing and Yang Zhengao. On bingshen, the emperor went to Xu Gate, riding through the mire with mud-guards; the people wept. Zhang Shuye fought several times with merit; the emperor summoned him at An Gate and made him Academician of the Hall for Assisting Governance. The Jin seized Hu Zhiru and again took Gong prefecture. On dingyou, red vapor stretched across heaven. Feng Xu was made left vice director. On wuxu, Wang Zongyin fought the Jin below the wall; Gao Shidan died. On gengzi, Zhang Shuye was made signing military affairs secretary. The Jin attacked Xu Gate; Yao Zhongyou defended it. On xinchou, the Jin attacked the southern wall; casualties were about equal. On renyin, Hebei garrison officials were ordered to raise all troops and enter aid by forced marches. On guimao, the Jin attacked the southern wall; Zhang Shuye and Fan Qiong raided but fled at sight of Jin troops, trampling one another; thousands drowned in the moat. On jiachen, great rain and snow fell. The Jin took Bozhou. Secret envoys were sent to summon loyalist armies from every circuit. On yisi, bitter cold left soldiers shivering and unable to grasp weapons; some stiffened and fell. The emperor went barefoot in the inner palace to pray for clear weather. Loyalist armies had not arrived; only thirty thousand guardsmen were usable, and even of these five or six in ten were lost. The Jin pressed the assault on the city. On bingwu, trees bore ice rain. On dingwei, the emperor at last left the main hall. On jiyou, Feng Xu, Cao Fu, and clansmen Zhongwen and Shishen were sent to the Jin army to beg peace. Prince Kang was made Grand Marshal of All Forces Under Heaven, urgently ordered to lead troops to guard the throne. On xinhai, the Jin came to discuss peace, demanding a prince go out to covenant. On renzi, the Jin attacked Tongjin and Xu gates; Fan Qiong led a thousand out; crossing the river the ice broke and more than five hundred drowned; morale broke further. On jiayin, great wind rose from the north; soon rain and snow fell day and night without cease. On yimao, the Jin again sent Liu Yan, urging a prince and chief minister to covenant. On bingchen, charlatan Guo Jing used the Six Jia method, ordered defenders off the wall, opened Xu Gate wide to sally, and was greatly defeated. Jing pretended to descend the wall to perform the rite and led the remaining troops in flight. Jin soldiers ascended the wall; the host all collapsed. The Jin burned the southern Xun and other gates. Yao Zhongyou died among mutinous troops; Huang Jingguo burned himself; He Qingyan, Chen Keli, and Gao Zhen fought stoutly and, with their families, were all killed. Qin Yuan led security groups to cut the passes and flee; the capital fell. Guardsmen entered the Capital Pavilion, seized Liu Yan, and killed him. On dingsi, the Retired Emperor and Ningde Empress moved to Yanfu Palace. He Xu and Prince Ji Xu were ordered as envoys to the Jin army. On wuwu, He Xu reported that the Jin invited the Retired Emperor to the suburbs. The emperor said: “The Retired Emperor is alarmed and ill; if he must go out, I shall go in person.” From yimao snow had not ceased; that day it cleared. By night white vapor issued from Supreme Subtlety; a comet appeared. On gengshen, the sun was red as fire and without light. On xinyou, the emperor went to the Greenwall suburb.
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使 使
Twelfth month, renxu new moon: the emperor was at the Greenwall suburb. Xiao Qing took up residence in the Department of State Affairs. That day Kang Wang opened the Great Marshal’s Headquarters at Xiangzhou. On guihai, the emperor returned from Qingcheng. On jiazi, gold and silk were seized throughout the city. On bingyin, Chen Guoting and Liu Lin were sent to cede the Two He circuits. On xinwei, capital grain prices were fixed and government grain was sold cheap to aid the people. On guiyou, gate-guard commanders Jiang Xuan and Li Fu were beheaded. On yihai, Kang Wang went to Beijing. On bingzi, the Department of State Affairs burned. On gengchen, hail fell. On guiwei, heavy snow fell in bitter cold. Commoners were allowed to cut Purple Bamboo Pavilion trees for fuel. On gengyin, Kang Wang went to Dongping.
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使 西 西
Jingkang 2, spring, xinmao new moon: Princes Xu of Ji and Qi of Jing were sent to congratulate the Jin army, which also sent envoys to congratulate in turn. On renchen, Jin urgently recalled Kang Wang. Nie Chang, Geng Nanzhong, and Chen Guoting went to cede the Two He circuits, but the people refused the edict; after months they secured only Shizhou. On wuwu, an edict ordered the Two He circuits to open their gates and submit. On weijing, a great star rose at Jianxing and swept southwest into Zhuomo. On dingyou, freezing rain glazed the trees. On jihai, the sky hung dark and dim. That night firelike light shone in the northwestern clouds. On gengzi, Jin urgently demanded gold and silver. He Li and Li Ruoshui urged Qinzong to go to the Jin camp in person; he agreed, leaving the crown prince as regent. On yisi, Liang Shicheng’s property was seized. On bingwu, Liu Lin hanged himself in the Jin camp. Imperial University student Xu Kui memorialized, begging to guard the gate and plead for the emperor’s return to the palace. Jin seized him to their camp; Kui remonstrated boldly and was killed. That night Jin raided the Divine Guard camp. On dingwei, heavy fog closed in on every side. Jin poured through Hanhui Gate to loot and burned the Five Sacred Peaks Abbey.
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殿
Second month, xinmao new moon: at Qingcheng the emperor returned from the Jin camp himself, and the capital crowd came out to welcome him. On bingyin, Jin dug trenches across Nanxun Gate road, and terror seized the city. Soon Jin demanded a non-Zhao ruler; Sun Fu wailed and begged for a Zhao emperor, but they refused. On dingmao, Jin required Huizong to go to Qingcheng. From palace attendant Deng Shu’s roll of imperial grandsons, every name was taken into the Jin camp. On xinwei, Jin forced Huizong to summon the empress and crown prince to Qingcheng. On gengchen, Kang Wang went to Jizhou. On guiwei, Tang Que, scholar of the Hall of Assembled Literature, took poison and died. On yiyou, with the gold levy still short, Mei Zhili, Chen Zhizhi, Cheng Zhen, and An Fu were executed.
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Third month, xinmao new moon: the emperor remained at Qingcheng. On dingyou, Jin set up Zhang Bangchang as Emperor of Chu. On gengzi, Jin came for the imperial clan; Kaifeng magistrate Xu Bingzhe ordered neighborhood groups and forbade hiding anyone. On dingsi, Jin drove Huizong north.
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簿簿
Summer, fourth month, gengshen new moon: a gale hurled stones and snapped trees. Jin marched the emperor, empress, and crown prince north. Imperial carriages and guards of honor, the queen’s train, robes and ritual gear, court music and Bureau instruments, sacrificial vessels, the Eight Treasures and Nine Tripods, jades, the armillary sphere, bronze man, and clepsydra, antiquities, Jingling offerings, Taiping Tower and Three Institutes books, empire-wide maps, officials, palace women, eunuchs, artisans, craftsmen, courtesans, and treasury hoards—all were stripped away. On xinyou, a fierce north wind brought bitter cold.
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Fifth month, gengyin new moon: Kang Wang ascended at the Southern Capital and offered Qinzong the remote title Filial, Benevolent, Profound, and Sagely Emperor. Shaoxing 31, fifth month, xinmao: word of the emperor’s death reached the court. Seventh month, jichou: he received the posthumous title Respectful, Cultured, Shun, Virtuous, Benevolent, and Filial Emperor and temple name Qinzong. Year 32, intercalary second month, wuyin: he was enshrined in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
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Appraisal: As crown prince he showed no moral failing. On the throne he cared nothing for sound, skill, or music. Early in Jingkang he punished Wang Pu and Zhu Mian and drove them into exile or death, so Jin, hearing of the abdication, meant to pack up and march north. Yet chaos was already beyond remedy; ruler and ministers could only stare at one another, unable to join in one plan, and in dread had time for nothing but peace talks. At last father and son were both lost and the altars lay in weeds. Was the emperor by then simply timid and unrighteous? He reigned briefly yet suffered deeply; trace the cause and it is truly lamentable! Truly lamentable!
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