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卷四十七 本紀第四十七 瀛國公 益王 衞王

Volume 47 Annals 47: Ying Guogong, Yiwang, Weiwang

Chapter 47 of 宋史 · History of Song
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Chapter 47
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1
The Duke of Ying
2
使 使 使 西
The Duke of Ying, whose personal name was Xian, was a son of Emperor Duzong. His mother was Empress Quan. On the jichou day of the ninth month in the seventh year of Xianchun, he was born in the imperial palace at Lin'an. In the eleventh month of the ninth year he was made General-in-Chief of the Left Guard and enfeoffed as Duke of Jia. On guiwei, the seventh month of the tenth year, Emperor Duzong died. In accordance with his final edict, the boy took the throne before the coffin at the age of four, while Empress Dowager Xie held court and spoke in his name. On jiashen, his elder brother Xian, already Military Commissioner of the Baokang Army and a Grand Preceptor with privileges equal to the Three Excellencies, was promoted to Prince of Ji and given an additional thousand households in his fief. His younger brother Bing, Military Commissioner of the Baoning Army and likewise a Grand Preceptor with privileges equal to the Three Excellencies, was promoted to Prince of Xin and given an additional thousand households in his fief. Grand Councillor Jia Sidao was ordered, following the precedent set by Wen Yanbo, to take his place alone in the audience formation. On bingxu, the court bestowed on the Grand Empress Dowager the elevated title Grand Empress Dowager Shouhe Shengfu, and on the empress the title Empress Dowager. An edict also declared his birthday the Tianrui Festival. On wuzi, Lin'an Prefecture was ordered to provide relief for the common people. On xinmao, Zhu Misun was made Commissioner for Pacification of the Capital Region, Huguang, and Sichuan, and concurrently prefect of Jiangling. On renyin, an edict was issued to comfort the troops on all three frontiers. The court ordered the prefectures and commanderies to recommend reclusive men of talent. Outstanding illicit-gains reward payments owed by the Zhexi Pacification Commission, the Liang-Zhe Transport Commission, and Lin'an Prefecture were remitted. An edict called for memorials offering counsel.
3
殿殿 使使
On jiachen in the eighth month, an edict asked the senior statesmen Jiang Wanli, Ye Mengding, Ma Tingluan, Liu Mengyan, Zhao Shunsun, and Wang Ye for their advice. Li Tingzhi built Qinghe Fortress and presented a map of the work to the throne. The court advanced him one rank, proclaimed rewards for his troops, and ordered that individual names be submitted for commendation. Li Leiying, prefect of Ezhou, was additionally made Director of the Directorate of Armaments; Meng Zhijin of Taiping Prefecture was appointed Vice Director of the Ministry of War; Qian Zhensun of Jiangzhou received direct appointment to the Baozhang Pavilion; and Hong Qiwei of the Zhenjiang Army received direct appointment to the Fuwen Pavilion. On guichou, heavy rains fell, Mount Tianmu collapsed, and floodwaters poured out. In Anji, Lin'an, and Yuhang, countless people drowned. On jiayin, because the Grand Empress Dowager was too old to hold court in the main hall, the Ciyuan Hall was temporarily designated the rear audience hall. On xinyou, work began on the temple of Emperor Duzong. On wuchen, Quan Qingfu was made Military Commissioner of the Zhaoxin Army, Xie Tang Acting Junior Guardian, and Xie Hou Military Commissioner of the Baokang Army. Ma Tingluan asked to retire to his home district, but an edict pressed him to return to office.
4
殿祿 西
On dingchou in the ninth month, Wang Ye, Academician of the Hall for Assisting Governance and Grandee of Splendid Happiness, asked to retire, but the court refused. On wuyin, grain was issued to relieve the flood victims of Yuhang and Lin'an. Because Yuhang had suffered especially heavily, another two thousand piculs of grain were allotted. On jimao, Jia Sidao asked to be excused from the acknowledgment bow in audience, and the request was granted. On xinsi, civil and military examination candidates underwent re-examination. On renwu, civil and military examination candidates were again re-examined. On guiwei, the Yuan armies gathered in force at Xiangyang. On bingxu, Chancellor Bayan led one army toward Yingzhou, Marshal Suodu another into the Huai region, and Recruitment Commissioner Zhai a third to overrun Jingnan. On dinghai, the Yuan army drew up before Yingzhou. On wuzi, this year's land tax was remitted for all flood-stricken prefectures and counties. On jiawu, the emperor's Classics Lecture was inaugurated. On dingyou, the Tianrui Festival, house rents in Lin'an were waived for ten days. Thirteen gold tally-plaques and one hundred silver tally-plaques were given to Xia Gui to reward extraordinary service. On jihai, the regular memorial-presented jinshi were examined, and Wang Longze and the others were granted official status in varying ranks. On renyin, a comet appeared in the west, winding across the sky like an earthworm. Zhai Guorong, vice commander of Fuzhou, met Yuan forces at Lanni Lake, fought, and was killed. Fujian was stricken by drought.
5
西 使
On bingwu in the tenth month of winter, Zhao Zhang, prefect of Dazhou, recovered Yangzhou and was promoted to Commandant of Cavalry of the Right. Yuan forces took Liyi Fortress in Qizhou, and Prefect Zhang Zi committed suicide. On dingwei, Dong Shengying, a commoner of Raozhou, presented his Compendium of Various Histories, Mirror of Warfare, and Mirror of Punishments. The court appointed him compiler and textual reviser at the Historiography Institute. On guichou, the posthumous title of Emperor Duzong was proclaimed. Xing Youlong, acting deliberator on the Guangxi Pacification Commission, attacked the rebels in Chaozhou and Zhangzhou and routed them. On yimao, the prefectures and counties were ordered to establish charitable fields and charitable corvée service. On dingsi, Youlong and the other commanders were each promoted in rank according to merit. Yuan forces attacked Yingzhou, but Commander-in-Chief Zhang Shijie fought them off. They then withdrew and entered the Han River through Teng Lake. On wuwu, Zhao Wenyi, vice commander-in-chief of Yingzhou, pursued the enemy to Quanzi Lake, was killed in battle, and his family received relief. On gengshen, Zhai Guorong was posthumously made Military Training Commissioner of Fuzhou, his two sons were given official posts, and a temple was erected in his honor at Fuzhou. On renxu, one million in cash was allotted to the garrison at Ying Prefecture. On jiazi, an edict proclaimed the coming year the first year of Deyou. On yichou, Zhang Jian was made Vice Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs with acting status as Vice Grand Councillor, and Chen Yizhong Secretary of the Bureau of Military Affairs with the same acting rank. Yuan forces overran Shayang Fortress, and the Huguang Pacification Commission sent Commander Wang Huchen to its relief. On bingyin the fortress fell, and both Wang Huchen and the pass officer Wang Dayong were taken prisoner. Mars encroached upon Saturn. Yuan forces reached Xincheng. On wuchen, Commander Huang Shun surrendered. On jisi, Vice Commander Ren Ning surrendered. Commander-in-Chief Bian Juyi fought to the end; when the city fell he threw himself into the flames and died. Zhai Gui, prefect of Fuzhou, surrendered the city. An earthquake struck Fujian.
6
使 沿使 使殿 使使 使 沿 西 沿 使 使 使
On guiyou in the eleventh month, Zhu Misun was appointed Commissioner for Pacification of the Capital Region, Huguang, and Sichuan. On dingchou, Coastal Pacification Commissioner Zhao Yin was ordered to patrol the Yangzi and coordinate defenses, and one million in cash was granted to reward military merit. On wuyin, Ma Tingluan firmly declined the posts of Pacification Commissioner of Eastern Zhe and prefect of Shaoxing; the court restored him to his former rank as Academician of the Hall for Viewing Literature and supervisor of the Dongxiao Palace. Zhao Wenyi was posthumously made Military Commissioner of the Qingyuan Army. A joint temple was erected for him and his elder brother Wenliang, Military Commissioner of the Weiwu Army, at Yangzhou, and named Zhuanzhong, "Transmitting Loyalty." On gengchen, Lu Xiufu was made deliberator on the Huaidong Pacification and Defense Commission. On renwu, excess personnel in the palace duty shifts were dismissed. From guiwei through yiyou, specially memorial-presented candidates were re-examined. On bingxu, Wang Ye was made Left Chancellor and Zhang Jian Right Chancellor, each also serving as Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Jia Sidao had asked since the ninth month that Left and Right Chancellors be appointed; at last the court agreed. Zhang Yanran was made concurrent deliberator on the Capital Region, Huguang, and Sichuan Pacification Commission. From jichou through gengyin, specially memorial-presented candidates were again re-examined. From renchen through guisi, re-examination continued as before. On jiawu, lands held by mansions, imperial affines, and imperial temples were surveyed and ordered to pay rent. On dingyou, the king of Annam, Chen Rixuan, was advanced to Meritous Subject of Pacifying the Distant, and his son Weihuang to Meritous Subject of Upholding Rectitude. On the first day of the twelfth month, Jiankang, Taiping, and Chizhou were ordered to provide relief for refugees from the Huai region fleeing the war. Because of the bitter cold, the garrison troops along the Huguang front and the Yangzi line were comforted and rewarded. On jiaxu, an edict declared that because the four Western Huai prefectures had suffered flood and drought, garrison-field rents still unpaid from the previous year would not be collected. On dingwei, Lu Shiqiao, supervisor of the Xingguo Palace, asked permission to raise troops at Jiangzhou. The court ordered Prefect Qian Zhensun to recruit jointly with him, and the Department of State Affairs supplied funds and grain. On guichou, Yuan forces attacked Yangluo Fortress. Xia Gui held it with his army, but Wang Da, commander-in-chief of the Wuding Army, was killed in battle. On yimao, under cover of night and snow, a Yuan detachment crossed Qingshan Jetty. On bingchen, Commander Cheng Pengfei fought a fierce engagement, was gravely wounded, and withdrew to Ezhou. Commander Gao Bangxian, stationed at Majia Ford, abandoned his boats and fled, and was captured. Yuan forces again attacked Xia Gui at Yangluo Fortress, and Commander-in-Chief Liu Cheng was killed fighting with the Dinghai fleet. Gui was defeated, let his troops plunder freely along the river, and retreated to Luzhou. Zhu Misun marched to Ezhou with his troops, but on hearing of the defeat there he fled by night to Jiangling. On jiwei, Wang Yi, acting prefect of the Hanyang Army, surrendered the city. Lü Wenhuan attacked Ezhou with the northern army. On gengshen, Cheng Pengfei and Acting Defender Zhang Yanran surrendered the city. Staff officer Zhang Shanneng refused to submit. The generals wanted to kill him, but Chancellor Bayan said, "He is a man of honor. Release him." An edict granted silk, wine, and grain to residents of Qiantang and Renhe aged seventy and above. On guihai, an edict made Jia Sidao commander-in-chief of all armies. Infantry Commander Sun Huchen was placed in overall command, and all officials Sidao recruited were to be appointed first and reported afterward. An edict called on the realm to rally to the throne's defense. On jiazi, Li Fei was recalled as Judicial Commissioner of Hunan. On yichou, Gao Da was made Pacification Commissioner of Hubei, with concurrent duties as pacification commissioner and prefect of Jiangling. An edict declared: "Frontier costs are enormous and our people are sorely burdened. Nobles and clergy hold fields stretching lane upon lane, living at ease while others starve. Let the authorities verify their rents and taxes and collect them." Wang Da was posthumously made Commissioner-in-Chief of the Qingyuan Army. On gengwu, Emperor Duzong's coffin was escorted to the Zhe River to await the flood tide for the crossing, but the tide failed to come, and by late afternoon it had still not risen. Cheng Pengfei overran Huangzhou with the northern army, and Prefect Chen Yi sent envoys to offer surrender at Shouchang. Li Tingzhi marched his troops to the capital's defense. On xinwei, the prefectures and commanderies were ordered to regulate troops garrisoned along the imperial route.
7
調 使
On the first day of the first month of spring in the first year of Deyou, Yuan forces entered Huangzhou. On jiaxu, Chen Yi sent envoys down to Qizhou and summoned his son Yan at Andong Prefecture. On dingchou, Guan Jingmo, prefect of Qizhou, sent envoys to offer surrender at Huangzhou. On wuyin, an edict ordered the mansions of Eastern Zhe to release grain and sell it to the people at reduced prices. On renwu, Emperor Duzong was interred at Yongshao Mausoleum. Yuan forces entered Qizhou. On guiwei, Jia Sidao made Lü Shiqiao Acting Director of the Ministry of Justice and staff officer at the command headquarters, with authority to coordinate deployments along the mid-Yangzi. On yiyou, Chen Yizhong was made Vice Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs and Vice Grand Councillor. Lü Shiqiao and Qian Zhensun sent envoys to offer surrender at Qizhou. On bingxu, Yuan forces overran Jiangzhou. Chen Yan, prefect of Andong, fled under cover of night. Pizhou surrendered. Hu Menglin, prefect of the Shouchang Army, was administering from Jiangzhou; on dinghai he committed suicide. On wuzi, Ye Chang, prefect of the Nankang Army, sent envoys to offer surrender at Jiangzhou. Jia Sidao took command in the field. Lai Xingguo, prefect of De'an, surrendered the city. Zhang Qiyan, pacification commissioner of the Kuizhou circuit, and his general Yi De attacked Kaizhou and recovered it. On jichou, Fan Wenhu, prefect of Anqing, sent men with wine and provisions to Jiangzhou to welcome the Yuan army. On yiwei, Emperor Duzong's spirit tablet was installed in the new palace. Sun Huchen was made Military Commissioner of the Ningwu Army. On wuxu, crimes in the capital region were amnestied. Zhang Lin, commander of Chizhou, sent envoys to offer surrender at Jiangzhou. Yuan forces entered Anqing. Fan Wenhu surrendered, while Vice Prefect Xia Yi took poison and died. That month, Xian Ruzhong, prefect of Dazhou, surrendered the city.
8
使 西使使 使 使 沿使 西 西使 使使 使 西使使 使 西便 使使使
On guimao in the second month, Jia Sidao appointed Song Jing planning officer at the command headquarters and sent him to the Yuan camp. On jiachen, Huang Wanshi was made Pacification Commissioner of Jiangnan West Circuit, and Gao Da, Vice Pacification Commissioner of Hubei, was promoted to Acting Junior Guardian. On gengxu, Yuan forces entered Chizhou, and Acting Defender Zhao Maofa hanged himself. Song Jing went to the Yuan camp and asked that Song declare itself a vassal and pay annual tribute. The request was refused, and he returned. On xinhai, Liu Cheng was posthumously made Commissioner-in-Chief of the Qingyuan Army. On yimao, Lü Wenfu, pacification commissioner of five prefectures, sent his Huai troops to defend the capital, and an edict commended him. On bingchen, an edict praised Jia Sidao and ordered the command headquarters to recommend annual promotions following the precedent of Shi Songzhi. On jiwei, Zhang Qiyan was promoted to Regional Inspector of Fuzhou, and Yi De and his subordinates were each advanced five ranks. On gengshen, Sun Huchen fought the Yuan at Dingjia Sandbar, was routed, and fled to Lugang, while Xia Gui withdrew without engaging. Jia Sidao and Sun Huchen fled alone in a single boat to Yangzhou. The armies collapsed completely, and Weng Yinglong fled to Lin'an with the command headquarters seal. On renxu, Yuan forces overran Raozhou, and Prefect Tang Zhen was killed. Former Chancellor Jiang Wanli drowned himself, and Vice Prefect Wan Datong surrendered the city. Coastal Pacification Commissioner Zhao Yin, Hong Qiwei of Zhenjiang, Zhao Yuke of Ningguo, and Wu Yi of Longxing all abandoned their cities and fled. Wang Xi, prefect of Hezhou, surrendered the city. Weng Fu, commander of Jiankang, went out to welcome the Yuan army. On jiazi, Yuan forces reached the Linjiang Army. The populace fled, and Commander Bao Lian was killed. Jia Sidao memorialized the throne requesting that the capital be moved. On yichou, the court ordered open discussion among the ministers. Wang Ye said he could not take part in major policy and resigned. Zhang Shijie marched to defend Lin'an, retook Raozhou on the way, and lost his generals Xie Yuan, Wang Hai, Li Wang, Yuan En, and Lü Zaixing in battle. Wen Tianxiang, Judicial Commissioner of Jiangxi, raised an army to rally to the throne's defense. On bingyin, Wen Tianxiang was made Vice Pacification Commissioner of Jiangxi and prefect of Ganzhou, and ordered to hurry to the capital's defense. An edict ordered general recruitment of troops. Xie Tang was made Pacification Commissioner of the Two Zhes, Xie Zhi Military Commissioner of the Baoning Army, and Quan Yongjian and Xie Hou both Acting Junior Guardians. On wuchen, half the metropolitan garrison troops of the Two Zhes and Fujian were summoned to defend the capital. Li Fei, Judicial Commissioner of Hunan, marched his troops to the capital's defense. The prefect of the Jiangyin Army fled, abandoning his city; Liu Quan of the Wuwei Army and Meng Zhijin of Taiping both surrendered. On jisi, Yuan forces attacked Jiuding Mountain in Jiading, and Commander Hou Xing was killed. Chen Yizhong was made Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs and Vice Grand Councillor; Zeng Yuanzi Vice Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs and Grand Pacification Commissioner of the Two Zhes, concurrently prefect of Lin'an; Wen Jiweng Secretary of the Bureau of Military Affairs; and Ni Pu concurrent Secretary. Wang Ye was recalled as Grand Pacification and Recruitment Commissioner of Western Zhe and Eastern Jiang and ordered to remain in the capital for consultation. The Yuan credentialed envoy Hao Jing and his party were sent home. On gengwu, Xia Gui was promoted to Grand Preceptor with privileges equal to the Three Excellencies and ordered to bring his troops to defend the capital. Senior officials were ordered to supply money and grain to passing troops and civilians and to levy no taxes of any kind. All those under banishment or detention were released, except forgers of transit passes, armed robbers, and arsonists. Arrears on public fields in Western Zhe were remitted, demoted officials were restored and permitted to go freely, and they were allowed to attend court as private citizens. Zhang Jue was promoted to Military Commissioner of the Ningyuan Army, Zan Wanshou to Military Commissioner of the Baokang Army, and Zhang Shijie to Defender of Hezhou, each ordered to march to the capital's defense. Chen Yizhong asked that Jia Sidao be executed. Instead, an edict stripped him of his posts as Grand Councillor and commander-in-chief and gave him a sinecure. Zhao Yuke was struck from office, and Lin'an Prefecture was ordered to arrest him. The court called on Jia Sidao's routed troops to reassemble. On xinwei, Right Chancellor Zhang Jian fled.
9
殿使 西西 使 使 使 使 使 使 西 西 使 西 使 使 使 使
On the first day of the third month, an edict restored the laws governing tea, salt, and maritime trade. Jia Sidao's policies that had oppressed the people were repealed one by one. Public fields were returned to tenant landlords, who were ordered to lead their tenant households as soldiers. Han Zhen, Commander of the Palace Front, urged moving the capital, and Chen Yizhong had him executed. Han Zhen's troops mutinied, attacked the Jiahui Gate, and fired rockets into the inner palace. Troops were sent to suppress them, and the mutineers scattered and fled. On guiyou, Commander Xu Wangrong welcomed Yuan troops into Jiankang, and Shi Zuzhong, controller of Zhenjiang, offered to surrender there. Liu Jing of the Western Zhe Judicial Commission was sent to garrison Wujiang; Luo Lin of the Liang-Zhe Transport Commission and Zhang Ru of the Western Zhe Pacification Commission to garrison Dusong Pass; Xu Gai of Shanyin and Yu Tianxing to garrison Si'an; and Zhao Huai was recalled as vice director of the Court of the Imperial Treasury to garrison the eastern dam at Yinshu. Wu Jiming, planning officer on the Hubei Pacification Commission, attacked Tongcheng County, recovered it, and brought the magistrate back as a prisoner. Envoys were sent to summon Zhang Jian back to court. On jiaxu, Jia Sidao was made Commissioner of the Liquan Abbey. Yuan forces reached Wuxi County. Magistrate Ruan Yingde went out to fight, his entire force was destroyed, and he drowned himself. An edict ordered troops sent to garrison Wujiang. On yihai, troops were sent to garrison Dusong Ridge and Tong Ridge. An edict instructed Lü Wenhuan, Chen Yi, and Fan Wenhu to open peace negotiations and halt the fighting. Wang Ye was made Left Chancellor and Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs. A major earthquake again struck Fujian. On bingzi, the court issued an edict of self-reproach. Chen Yizhong was made Special Advanced Grandee, Right Chancellor, and Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Zhang Jian was dismissed from office and given a sinecure. Attending Censor Chen Guo asked that Jia Sidao be banished and his associates Weng Yinglong and others punished, then left without waiting for a reply. Investigating Censors Pan Wenqing and Ji Ke supported Chen Guo's request, and the court ordered Weng Yinglong arrested and imprisoned in Lin'an. Liao Yingzhong, Wang Ting, Liu Lianggui, You Wen, Zhu Jun, Chen Boda, and Dong Pu were all dismissed from office. Hong Qiwei was ordered to redeem himself by defending Zhenjiang. On dingchou, Wang Yinglong, prefect of Chuzhou, surrendered the city. On jimao, Weng Yinglong was flogged, tattooed, and banished to the Jiyang Army. Wang Ye and Chen Yizhong were jointly ordered to command all armies. Lü Wenfu was promoted to Regional Inspector of Fuzhou. On gengshen, Tang Zhen was posthumously made Attendant Gentleman of the Huawen Pavilion. Wan Datong was stripped of three ranks and dismissed from office. On renwu, Wu Qian and Xiang Shibi were restored to office. Zhao Yujian, prefect of Changzhou, fled when he heard the army was coming, and the commoner Qian Yin surrendered the city. On jiashen, Yuan forces reached Xihai Prefecture, and Pacification Commissioner Ding Shun surrendered. On yiyou, Shi Juwen, prefect of Donghai, asked to surrender at Xihai. Qian Shuiyou, prefect of Pingjiang, and Vice Prefects Hu Yu and Lin Qiang all surrendered the city. Zhang Shijie was promoted to Commissioner-in-Chief of the Baokang Army and placed in overall command of all armies at the command headquarters. On bingxu, Linghu Gai, prefect of the Guangde Army, surrendered the city. The Western Zhe Judicial Intendant Commission was moved to Pingjiang. Zhang Shijie sent his generals Yan Shun and Li Cun against Guangde, Xie Hongyong against Pingjiang, and Li Shan against Changzhou. On dinghai, Zhang De and his subordinates were each promoted by varying degrees. Xie Yuan and others were posthumously granted ten ranks of office. Two stars grappled at mid-heaven; soon one fell. On jichou, the people of Chuzhou seized Wang Yinglong, brought him to Yangzhou, and killed him. Lü Wenfu was promoted to Vice Commissioner-in-Chief of the Baokang Army and ordered to hurry to the capital's defense. Wenfu reached Raozhou, killed the envoy, went into Jiangzhou, and surrendered to the Yuan. On gengyin, Left Remonstrator Pan Wenqing, Right Rectifier Li Ke, Vice Director Zeng Yuanzi, Liang-Zhe Transport Vice Commissioner Xu Zi, and Eastern Zhe Pacification Commissioner Wang Linlong fled one after another. Secretaries Wen Jiweng and Ni Pu of the Bureau of Military Affairs urged the censors to impeach them; before the memorial went up, they fled beyond the passes. Sun Siwu, prefect of Andong, surrendered the city. Dust fell like rain. On xinmao, all civil and military officials in the capital were promoted two ranks; deserters who had abandoned their posts were to be detected by the Censorate and reported. Yan Shun fought at Anji County and recovered Fengping. Zhang Ru's troops killed the Yuan envoy Yan Zhongfan at Dusong Pass, seized Lian Xixian, and brought him to Lin'an, where he died of his wounds. On renchen, Yuezhou Pacification Commissioner Gao Shijie was encamped on Lake Dongting; Yuan forces attacked, and he surrendered. On guisi, Yuezhou was attacked, and Commander Meng Zhishao surrendered the city. On jiawu, an edict commended Zhang Shijie and Yan Shun, and the various generals were each promoted by varying degrees. On yiwei, Anji County's summer field rent for this year was remitted, and the magistrate and vice magistrate were to provide for the families of those killed in battle. On bingshen, Gu Shun attacked the Guangde Army and recovered it. Chen Tong was appointed Secretary of the Bureau of Military Affairs. On dingyou, Bian Juyi was posthumously made Regional Inspector of Lizhou. On wuxu, surrendered frontier generals were pardoned; those who could break free and return would be recorded. Whoever recovered a prefecture would be made its prefect, whoever recovered a county its magistrate, and subordinates and local leaders who distinguished themselves would share the reward. Zhang Jian was stripped of his sinecure and grand councilor perquisites; Zeng Yuanzi was demoted two ranks and stripped of executive perquisites; Chen Guo, Chen Jian, and Xu Qingsun were each demoted two ranks and stripped of attendant perquisites. Zhao Yujian was posthumously demoted two ranks and dismissed; even under amnesty he would never be restored to office. Xu Zi and Wang Linlong were dismissed from office. The Huaidong Pacification Commission was ordered to issue tally warrants. On gengzi, the Huaidong General Supplies Office was moved to the Jiangyin Army. Wu Jiming was promoted to Gate Troop Commendation Gentleman.
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使 使 使 使使 簿簿 使
On the first day of the fourth month, Zhao Maofa was posthumously made Attendant Gentleman of the Huawen Pavilion. Chen Guo was demoted and sent to Pingjiang. Hong Fu, controller of the Xiongjian Army, led his troops to recover Zhenchao. On jiachen, Jiang Wanli was posthumously made Grand Preceptor with the posthumous title Wenzhong, and court audiences were suspended for two days. On yisi, Yuan forces entered Guangde County. Magistrate Wang Ruyi and resident official Zhao Shihui led militia to fight at Mount Dou. Route Commander Meng Tanglao and his two sons were all killed. Ruyi was captured and died at Jiankang. Wang Dayong was posthumously granted three ranks of office and Wang Huchen two; their two sons were given office. On bingwu, Yuan forces breached Shashi. Commander Meng Ji was killed, and Garrison Supervisor Sima Mengqiu hanged himself. On wushen, Jing-Hu Pacification Commissioner Zhu Yisun and Hubei Vice Commissioner Gao Da surrendered Jiangling, and Jing-Hu North Circuit fell in succession. Zhang Qiyan led troops to hold Feishan. On jiyou, Liu Shiyong was ordered to garrison Pingjiang. On xinhai, Gu Shun's generals were each promoted three ranks, and Meng Tanglao was posthumously granted three ranks of office. On renzi, Gao Side was appointed Secretary of the Bureau of Military Affairs with acting status as Vice Grand Councillor. Commander-in-Chief Zhang Min fought Yuan forces at Fengcheng and was killed. On guichou, he was posthumously granted five ranks of office, and one son was given office. Ruan Yingde was posthumously granted ten ranks of office. On yimao, Prince of Fu Zhao Yourui was made Military Commissioner of the Wukang and Ningjiang armies and Administrator of Shaoxing Prefecture. On bingchen, Wang Ye arrived and was granted the same courtesies as Wen Yanbo: aside from attendance at morning audience and the emperor's rising, he was excused from all bows. Vice Director Xia Gui was summoned to bring his troops to the capital's defense. On dingsi, Commander Huo Zusheng attacked Liyang County and recovered it. On wuwu, Zhang Zi was posthumously made Defender of Meizhou and Hou Xing Commandant of Fuzhou Regiment Training. On yiwei, Wen Jiweng and Ni Pu were each demoted one rank and stripped of executive perquisites; Qian Shuiyou was demoted three ranks and stripped of attendant perquisites. On gengshen, Linghu Gai was struck from the registers, banished to the Yulin prison fortress, and his property was confiscated. Li Chengda, magistrate of Jintan, led the Righteousness Bureau officials Hu Chuanxin, Pan Datong, Pan Dabo, Pan Wensun, and Pan Yingkui in an attack on Jintan County and took it. Zhenjiang Controller Hou Yan and County Vice Magistrate Zhao Sibin again aided Yuan forces in battle. Chengda's two sons and Datong and the others were all killed, and Chengda was captured. On renxu, Yuan forces attacked Zhenzhou. Prefect Miao Zaicheng and imperial clansman Zhao Mengjin led a great battle at Laoguanzui. On guihai, Tian Jinxian of Sizhou and Yang Bangxian of Bozhou were each promoted to Commandant of Fuzhou Regiment Training and ordered to hurry their troops to the capital's defense. A great star streamed from northeast of the Heart and vanished into the murk. On yichou, Mars trespassed against Tianjiang. Chang Mao, commissioner of the Taiping Xingguo Palace, memorialized asking that a Prince of Ji be installed. On dingmao, Li Tingzhi was promoted to Vice Grand Councillor. On wuchen, an edict exempted this year's field rent for the militia of Yixing and Liyang who had fought with merit. The people of Jiangyin had also suffered warfare, and their rents were not to be collected. On gengwu, Yuan forces reached Yangzi Bridge. Yangzhou Chief Dispatch Officer Lei Dazhen went out to fight and was killed. That month, Changde, Ding, and Li all surrendered.
11
使 使 使 使 西 使
On the first day of the fifth month, the grand councilors were ordered to attend court daily in the Hall of Governance. For meritorious defense of Jingde, its people were exempted from this year's field rent. On guiyou, Yuan forces reached Ningguo County. Magistrate Zhao Yurui went out to fight and was killed. On jiaxu, Huai'an Commander Li Zongrong and Qingyuan Prefect Qiu Zizhen marched their troops to the capital's defense. On yihai, Miao Zaicheng was promoted to Commandant of Haozhou Regiment Training, and Zhao Mengjin was made planning officer on the Yangzhou Grand Command staff. Hong Fu was appointed prefect of the Zhenchao Army. On dingchou, an edict ordered Zhao Jin to assemble military and civilian vessels and encamp at Jiangyin. Liu Shiyong attacked Changzhou and recovered it, seizing Pacification Commissioner Dai Zhitan. Registrar Zhao Biyi and Superintendent Lu Chun were killed in battle. On wuyin, Huaidong Military Credential Commissioner Ruan Keji marched to the capital's defense and was promoted to Left Valiant Cavalry Cadet-General. On jimao, the Wuzhou recluse He Ji was given the posthumous title Wendi, and Wang Bai was made Court Gentleman for Attendance. Zhang Jue was promoted to Acting Junior Mentor, Sichuan Pacification Vice Commissioner, and concurrent prefect of Chongqing. On gengchen, Lei Dazhen was posthumously made Military Commissioner of the Baokang Army. On xinsi, Liu Shiyong was promoted to Commandant of Haozhou Regiment Training, and his generals Liu Gui and others were each promoted by varying degrees. On wuzi, Pan Datong and others were posthumously granted office, and the remaining meritorious persons were each promoted two ranks. On xinmao, Qian Shuiyou was demoted to Nan'an and Wu Yi to Tingzhou, and both their properties were confiscated. Li Jue was dismissed and sent to Wuzhou. The properties of Lü Wenhan, Meng Zhijin, Chen Yi, and Fan Wenhu were confiscated. On jiawu, Raozhou and Xinzhou suffered famine, and the people were permitted to buy office with grain. The Maritime Trade Subcommission was abolished, and vice prefects were put in charge of shipping affairs. Huaidong and Huaidong-West official militia were each promoted one rank. On bingshen, an edict ordered Zhang Shijie, Zhang Yan, Ruan Keji, and Qiu Zizhen to march in four directions, and envoys were sent to announce the campaign to Heaven, the ancestral temples, the altars of soil and grain, the imperial tombs, and the palace abbeys. On jihai, the troops were rewarded. Wu Jiming recovered Puchi, Tongcheng, and Chongyang and was promoted to Acting Bearer of the Imperial Armory with Traveling Insignia and Acting Prefect of Ezhou, with orders to choose a defensible place as his temporary seat. Bao Lian was posthumously made Direct Attendant of the Huawen Pavilion, and one son was given office; Zhao Yurui was made Direct Attendant of the Huawen Pavilion.
12
使 使
On the first day of the sixth month there was a total eclipse of the sun, and day turned dark as night. Zan Wanshou surrendered Jiading along with the cities of San'gui, Jiuding, and Ziyun. Li Yan, prefect of Xuzhou, led troops to relieve Jiading, then withdrew after the siege lifted. He fought at the Yangya River, was defeated, and captured. On xinchou, the Grand Empress Dowager issued an edict removing the honorific "Shengfu" from her title in response to Heaven's warning. Wei Keyu was restored to office, and Imperial University students Xiao Gui and Tang Di were both made Trustworthy Gentlemen. Yu Anyu, prefect of Jiaxing, resigned on hearing that troops were coming and sent the court a letter with improper language. He was demoted one rank and sent to Huizhou. Xu Qingsun was demoted one rank and sent to Jizhou. Attendant ministers and above were each ordered to recommend five persons capable in civil and military affairs, and the remaining courtiers three each; even those on the demotion register might be nominated. On bingwu, Wang Yinglin said, "The disaster of Kaixi began with Ding Daquan. I ask that none of Daquan's party on the demotion register be pardoned. The court assented. On jiyou, this year's field rent for the Guangde Army and unpaid tribute deliveries from the various prefectures and counties were remitted. Wang Yinglin returned Zhang Jian's and Zeng Yuanzi's recorded memorials, saying that Han Zhen had been a traitor and the two men had in fact sheltered him; Moreover, Yuanzi had sheltered Weng Yinglong, which led to a lighter penalty; Weng Yinglong had also once stolen gold from the prefectural treasury and fled. On gengxu, Zhang Jian was demoted one rank and sent home; Zeng Yuanzi was demoted one further rank and exiled to Jizhou; Weng Yinglong was executed and his property confiscated. On xinhai, the selection examination was held. On jiayin, Liu Mengyan came to court. Wang Huo asked that Mengyan be made chief minister and serve at the classical lectures as a consultant; Chen Yizhong also asked that Mengyan be made chief minister, but sought a temple appointment for himself. An edict forbade the two chief ministers from using these requests to seek leisure posts. Wang Huo was appointed Coordinator of State and Military Affairs, to attend the classical lectures twice a month and hold court audience every five days; Chen Yizhong was left chief minister and concurrent Bureau Director, with overall command of troops in all circuits; Liu Mengyan was right chief minister and concurrent Bureau Director, with overall command of troops in all circuits. On yimao, the court issued an edict soliciting advice. Guo Hanjie, the prefect of Xuzhou, surrendered the city to the enemy. On bingchen, capital prisoners were reviewed and sentenced. Presentations at court were waived. On wuwu, Mei Yingchun, prefect of Luzhou, handed the city over. On jiwei, Li Tingzhi was appointed Bureau Director and Vice Councilor. On gengshen, Wang Zongyi, intendant of Fushun, surrendered his post and the city. Wang Yinglin again returned Zeng Yuanzi's recorded memorial on his demotion to Jizhou; on guihai Yuanzi was demoted to Shaozhou. On bingyin, Wu Jiming and his generals were each promoted by varying degrees. On dingmao, Zhu Tisun was struck from the registers and his property confiscated.
13
西 調 使 西 使 使 使 使 沿使 使
On the first day of the seventh month of autumn, Jiangxi Commissioner Huang Wanshi moved his headquarters to Fuzhou; the court ordered him to return to Longxing prefecture. On xinwei, Zhang Shijie's forces fought below Jiaoshan and were defeated. On jiaxu, Jia Sidao was exiled to Wuzhou; Liao Yingzhong was struck from the registers and sent to Shaozhou; Wang Ting was struck from the registers and sent to Meizhou; Zeng Yuanzi was exiled to Leizhou. Yang Yizhong, a Ningguo clerk, led local militia into battle and was killed; on yihai he was posthumously made Grandee of Martial Achievements. On dingchou, Jia Sidao was exiled to Jianning prefecture. Venus entered the Eastern Well. On gengshen, Chu Yizheng of Gaoyou Army was promoted to Palace Gate Proclamation Cadet; Jin Caizhi of Huaiyuan Army was given Imperial Armory credentials; Gao Fu of Anhuai Army was made Palace Gate Attendant; Tan Yu of Sizhou was made Palace Gate Proclamation Cadet; and Sun Li of Haozhou was made Right Guards Major General, in reward for defending the frontier. On renwu, Venus was visible in daylight. An edict ordered this year's field rent remitted for Raozhou, which had suffered from the fighting. Route Commander Liu Yong moved troops into Jingzhou, but Prefect Kang Yu seized them; Vice Prefect Zhang Qiyan entered, killed Yu, and recovered Jingzhou. On guiwei, funds from the inner bureau were seized to pay the troops. On bingxu, the court ordered compulsory purchase of this year's public-field rents, paying ten strings of cash per picul to tenant lords and ten to seed households; Zhenjiang, Changzhou, and Jiangyin, which had suffered from fighting, were exempted. On gengyin, Jia Sidao was demoted to deputy military training commissioner of Gaozhou, exiled to Xunzhou, and his property confiscated. The court compulsorily purchased one-tenth of the grain from manor and temple lands in western Zhejiang. The court posthumously restored Pi Longrong to office. Supervisors and prefects who evaded their duties and failed to take office promptly were to be investigated by the Censorate and reported to the throne. On xinmao, Wang Huo's son incited Capital University students led by Liu Jiugao to kneel at the palace gate and submit a memorial accusing Chen Yizhong of monopolizing power, allying with Jia Sidao, sheltering Zhao Wen and Qian Shuoyou, and letting clients and relatives trade favors at checkpoints — saying his harm to the state would exceed Sidao's. Chen Yizhong left office; four envoys were sent to summon him back, but he did not come. Xie Tang asked to abolish the Two-Zhe Pacification Commission, but the court refused. Zhang Shijie requested reinforcements, but received no answer. On renchen, Liu Jiugao and the others were thrown into Lin'an prison, and Wang Huo was dismissed as superintendent of Liquan Abbey. On guisi, Xia Gui was appointed commander of Yangzhou and Zhu Huan commander of Luzhou. On jiawu, an envoy was sent to summon Chen Yizhong back to court. On yiwei, Chen Wenlong was appointed concurrent deputy bureau director and acting vice councilor. Zhang Zhensun, vice prefect of Wuzhou, fled when he heard that troops were coming, and was dismissed from office. Hu Yu was sent to Lianzhou and Lin Cong to Shaozhou, and both were struck from the registers. Wang Lixin, riverine pacification commissioner, died. On bingshen, Li Jue was demoted two ranks and exiled to Chaozhou. Because of the military disaster at Kaixi, Shi Songzhi was posthumously condemned and his posthumous epithet revoked. On wuxu, an envoy was again sent to summon Chen Yizhong back to court.
14
使使使 使 使 使 西使 使
On the first day of the eighth month, Overall Commander Mao Xianzhong led Quzhou troops to the capital's defense. On xinchou, prisoners in Lin'an prefecture were reviewed and sentenced. On renyin, Right Remonstrator Xu Zhifang absconded. Xia Gui was promoted to deputy bureau director and Two Huai pacification commissioner; Li Fu was made Hunan pacification commissioner. Overall Commander Dai Hu took Great South Fort and was promoted three ranks. Zhang Qiyan was promoted to assistant director of the Palace Storehouse and made prefect of Jingzhou; Liu Yong and other men who had distinguished themselves were each promoted by varying degrees. Yuan forces encamped at Huangsha in Baling County. On yisi, Wu Jiming retook Pingjiang County. On wushen, upper dormitory students of the Imperial University were examined. On jiyou, temple lands held by Consort Yan at Jiqing Temple and by Consort Jia at Yanfu Temple were seized and returned to the Border Pacification Office. On gengxu, Liu Shiyong attacked Lücheng and took it. On guichou, the court restored the Kaixi Seven-Year Laws. On dingsi, an envoy was again sent to summon Chen Yizhong back to court. Zhang Shijie was promoted to commander-in-chief of the four corps of the Dragon Spirit Guard, with overall command of troops at the commissioner headquarters. On wuwu, Liu Shiyong was promoted to defender of Hezhou. Mars infringed on the Southern Dipper. Zhao Qi was appointed assistant minister of justice, but Wang Yinglin returned the recorded memorial, saying that court and provinces had once presented treasures to Jia Sidao and that the Qi brothers had been especially eager to do so; on jiwei Zhao Qi was dismissed. On jiazi, Wen Tianxiang was appointed commissioner for western Zhejiang and the eastern Yangtze, with concurrent duties as prefect of Pingjiang. On yichou, civil and military officials in Yangzhou were each promoted two ranks. Wu Jiming was made Hubei pacification commissioner, and Zhu Wang and other generals were each promoted three ranks.
15
殿使 宿 使使
In the ninth month, on jisi, Chen Yizhong was granted the title of palace academician, made superintendent of Liquan Abbey, and appointed concurrent lecture attendant. Left Secretariat Remonstrator Chen Jingxing asked that lecturers be seated to lecture and share night duty at court; the request was granted. On xinwei, Tian Jinxian was promoted to observation commissioner of Fuzhou and Yang Bangxian to observation commissioner of Lizhou, and both were urged to come defend the capital. On jimao, Chen Yizhong asked to take charge of coastal defense, but the court refused. On xinsi, the court performed the suburban rite at the Bright Hall and proclaimed an amnesty. Li Chengda was captured, refused to yield, and was killed; on renwu he was posthumously granted five ranks of office. On bingxu, Wen Tianxiang was appointed staff advisor to the commissioner headquarters, with overall command of troops on three circuits. Zheng Humen, sheriff of Kuaiji county, escorted Jia Sidao to his place of exile and killed him at Zhangzhou. Yuan forces reached Taizhou, and Prefect Sun Huchen committed suicide; on gengyin he was posthumously made grand mentor. Jingzhou was exempted from this year's field rent. On xinmao, Li Jue was banished to Wuzhou. On yiwei, Liu Lianggui was demoted two more ranks and exiled to Xinzhou. Zhang Yan fought the main Yuan army, was defeated and captured, and surrendered his city.
16
沿使使 殿 使 沿使西使 使
In the tenth month of winter, on jihai, Zhang Shijie was made riverine pacification commissioner, Liu Shiyong observation commissioner of Fuzhou, and overall commander of troops deployed on campaign. On renyin, Chen Yizhong arrived. On guimao, the Imperial Genealogy Hall caught fire. On dingwei, Liu Mengyan was made left chief minister and Chen Yizhong right chief minister, each also serving as bureau director and commander-in-chief. The defenses of Lin'an were strengthened. On xinhai, Zhang Shijie was appointed deputy riverine commissioner, commander of Jiangyin, and response commissioner for western Zhejiang. On dingsi, Venus conjoined with Saturn. On wuwu, Revenue Director Chang Mao and Secretariat Drafter Wang Yinglin asked that an heir be established for Prince Ji. Xia Yi was posthumously made a direct secretariat scholar. Lu Yingyue, a recluse of Shaoxing, was summoned to serve as collator at the History Institute. On renxu, Yuan forces marched from Jiankang. Deputy Councilor Arughan and Commander Aoluchi of the forty-thousand-household command led the right wing from Si'an toward Dusong Pass; Deputy Councilor Dong Wenbing and Fan Wengu led the left wing from the river into Jiangyin; and Chancellor Bayan led the center wing into Changzhou. Mars infringed on the Encampment Wall asterism. On guihai, Zhang Quan, Yin Yu, and Ma Shilong went to relieve Changzhou; Ma Shilong was killed fighting at Yu Bridge, and Zhang Quan fled to Wumu. Zhu Huan reached Luzhou, but Xia Gui would not let him enter. Huan returned and was again appointed deputy commissioner for eastern Huai. Chen He was punished for concealing Liao Yingzhong's household assets and stripped of his chief minister perquisites. On jiazi, Yin Yu fought at Wumu and was killed, while Zhang Quan fled without engaging. On bingyin, Zhao Wen, Zhao Yu Ke, and Zheng Suo were ordered to hurry their recruitment of troops. An edict ordered officials throughout the realm who knew military strategy to submit written proposals. That month, Li Shixiu handed Jiangyin over to the Yuan.
17
使退 調 西使 使
On the first day of the eleventh month, dingmao, Tongguan generals Bei Bao and Hu Yanqi attacked Lishui and were killed; Bao was posthumously made a Martial Wing Gentleman and Yanqi a Court Gentleman. On gengwu, Chen Wenlong was appointed associate bureau director with acting vice councilor, and Huang Yong associate signing bureau director. Each regional commissioner was ordered to recommend ten men fit for command, whether officers, soldiers, or civilians not in the army, who might submit self-recommendations in the suggestion box. On xinwei, attendance drafter Zeng Wei sought to resign; the court refused and he left anyway. On guiyou, Yin Yu was posthumously made training commissioner of Huainan and Ma Shilong prefect of Gaozhou; Zhang Quan and Zhu Hua were pardoned for retreating before the enemy. On dingchou, an edict promised that captured officers and soldiers who led troops back to the Song would be promoted according to their numbers, and those who achieved merit would receive command seals; and officials below the commissioners would be rewarded according to how many men they recruited. On wuyin, Yuan forces captured Guangde Commandery. On jimao, they captured Si'an town; company commander Hu Ming and others were killed. Wen Tianxiang was summoned to the capital for its defense. On xinsi, Zeng Wei was demoted one rank and dismissed. Venus infringed on the House asterism. On renwu, Yuan forces reached Longxing Prefecture; Huang Wanshi abandoned Fuzhou and fled, and transport vice commissioner Liu Pan surrendered Longxing. On guiwei, Yuan forces captured Xinghua County; magistrate Hu Gongchen committed suicide. On jiashen, secretariat drafter Wang Yinglin resigned his concurrent post as drafting receiver; the court refused. Yuan forces reached Changzhou; when the city refused to surrender, they attacked for two days, captured it, and slaughtered the population. Prefect Yao Yi, vice prefect Chen Zhao, and commander Wang Anjie were all killed; Liu Shiyong broke out of the encirclement and fled to Pingjiang. On yiyou, Yixing County was elevated to Nanxing Commandery. Rites vice minister Chen Jingxing sought to resign; the court refused and he left anyway. On bingxu, Prince Ji was posthumously made grand preceptor and director of the secretariat, advanced to Prince Zhen with the posthumous title Zhaosu; Prince Fu's son Zhao Yourui was ordered to choose an heir to maintain the sacrifices, and ten thousand mu of land were granted. On dinghai, Dusong Pass reported an emergency; Wen Tianxiang was urgently summoned to defend the capital. On wuzi, militia were mobilized to defend Yuhang and Qiantang. On jichou, Dusong Pass fell; Feng Ji was killed and Zhang Ru fled; neighboring counties fled at the mere rumor of the enemy. Pingjiang vice prefect Zheng Chou fled; on gengyin, vice prefect Wang Juzhi and commander Wang Bangjie sent men to welcome the Yuan at Changzhou. On xinmao, Yuan forces pressed Fuzhou; commander Mi You fought them at Bixie, was defeated, and was killed. On guisi, Zhang Shijie was appointed deputy commissioner for western Zhejiang and prefect of Pingjiang. On jiawu, acting rites minister Wang Yinglin fled, and Huang Wanshi led troops away to Jianchang Commandery. On yiwei, left chief minister Liu Mengyan fled. On bingshen, envoys were sent to summon Liu Mengyan back to court. Money was granted to the people of Yuhang, Wukang, and Changxing, and this year's land tax was remitted. Zheng Chou was demoted one rank and dismissed as vice prefect. Shi Zhidao of Fuzhou surrendered the city.
18
便 殿 使 使 使 使 使
On the first day of the twelfth month, dingyou, an edict permitted Jia Sidao's burial and returned his ancestral fields and lodges. On wuxu, Zhao Yu Ke was restored as staff officer of the commander-in-chief's office, and Li Jue was released to his own discretion. On jihai, Wang Ruyi was posthumously made a court gentleman. On gengzi, Wu Jian was made signing bureau director and Huang Yong acting vice councilor. Liu Yue was sent with a letter to the Yuan army, claiming that bandits had killed Vice Minister Lian and begging them to withdraw and restore good relations. On guimao, Chen Wenlong was made vice councilor with acting bureau director; Xie Tang was granted jinshi status and made associate bureau director. On jiachen, Yao Yi was posthumously made an attendant at the Dragon Diagram Hall; his father Xide grand preceptor; Chen Zhao direct treasure pavilion scholar; Feng Ji imperial academy compiler. Jiaxing Prefecture reported an emergency; sealed reserve treasury funds were issued for military preparations. Zhao Yulin was ordered to garrison Jinyun County. Ji Ke's office was restored and he was ordered to recruit troops at Longquan County. On yisi, Chen Jingxing was made deputy pacification commissioner for eastern Zhejiang and garrisoned Chuzhou. Fang Fengchen was recalled to garrison Chun'an County. On bingwu, Lü Wende was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of Heyi. On dingwei, frontier reserve treasury gold was issued to the prefectures of eastern Zhejiang for military preparations. Yuan forces entered Pingjiang Prefecture. Wu Junzhuo was recalled as vice director of the palace treasury to oversee Lin'an civilian militia. Envoys were sent to summon Liu Mengyan and Wang Yinglin; neither came. On wushen, Zhang Shijie came to defend the capital, was promoted acting junior guardian, and received an edict of praise. Wang Huo died; court audiences were suspended for two days. On yiyou, horses throughout Lin'an prefecture and its counties were requisitioned. On gengxu, Liu Yue returned. On guichou, imperial clan vice director Lu Xiufu, minister of punishments Xia Shilin, and vice minister of war Lü Shimeng were sent to the Yuan camp. An edict ordered Lü Wen Huan and Zhao Menggui to negotiate peace. On jiwei, the armies of Fang Xing, Ding Guang, and Zhao Wenli were all defeated and retreated. On gengshen, Liu Yue was made vice minister of works and Hong Leizhen right remonstrator and sent to Yan to plead. Yuan forces captured Great Hong Mountain; Suizhou prefect Zhu Duanlu surrendered. Acting personnel minister Ding Yingkui and left vice minister Xu Zongren fled. On guihai, envoys were sent to summon Liu Mengyan; he did not come.
19
使使 使 殿 使 使 西使 西 使 使
On the first day of the first month of spring in the second year of Deyou, dingmao: Yuan forces had besieged Tanzhou since the tenth month of the previous year. Hunan pacification commissioner and prefect Li Fei held out for three months through dozens of battles; when strength was exhausted and the city was about to fall, Fei died with his whole household. Yin Gu of Hengzhou also burned himself with his family. Staff officer Yang Ting and staff members Chen Yisun, Yan Yingyan, and others all died with Fei. Garrison commanders Wu Jiming and Liu Xiaozhong surrendered the city. Baoxing surrendered; vice prefect Zeng Ruqi was killed. Lu Xiufu and the others reached the Yuan camp and asked to address the emperor as nephew and offer tribute; this was refused; they asked to address him as grandnephew; this too was refused. On wuchen, they returned. The grand empress dowager ordered that ministerial rites be used. On jisi, Jiaxing defender Liu Hanjie surrendered the city. On gengwu, associate signing bureau director Huang Yong and vice councilor Chen Wenlong fled. Xie Tang was made grand pacification commissioner for the two Zhes; Wen Tianxiang prefect of Lin'an; and Quan Yongjian pacification commissioner for eastern Zhejiang. On xinwei, Wu Jian was made left chief minister and bureau director, and Chang Mao vice councilor. At noon, edicts were proclaimed at Ciyuan Hall; only six men stood in the civil ranks. Troops at all passes were utterly routed. Supervising censor Liu Jie was sent with a submission declaring vassalage, addressing the Yuan emperor as Benevolent, Illumined, Divine, and Martial, offering twenty-five thousand taels of silver and silk yearly, and begging to preserve the realm to maintain the ancestral sacrifices. On guiyou, left remonstrator Chen Menghu and supervising censor Kong Yingde fled. Mars infringed on Jupiter. On jiaxu, Yuan forces reached Ruizhou; prefect Yao Yan abandoned the city and fled. On yihai, Jia Yuqing was made prefect of Lin'an. On bingzi, Princes Ji Zhao and Xin Zhao were ordered to take up territorial commands. On dingchou, Xia Shilin was made signing bureau director. On jimao, Quan Yongjian was promoted grand marshal. Vice councilor Chang Mao fled. Students of the Three Colleges swore not to leave and were specially granted release from student status and entry into office. Yang Liangjie was made observation commissioner of Fuzhou and overseer of Prince Ji's household affairs; and Yu Rugui imperial guard officer and overseer of Prince Xin's household affairs. Yuan forces entered Anji Prefecture; prefect Zhao Liangchun hanged himself. A halo appeared around the moon at the Eastern Well asterism. On gengchen, signing bureau director Xia Shilin fled. On xinsi, sacrifices were offered at the Grand Unity Palace. On guiwei, Prince Ji Zhao was advanced to Prince Yi and made prefect of Fuzhou and grand pacification commissioner of Fujian; Prince Xin Zhao was made Prince Guang, prefect of Quanzhou, and concurrent director of the southern outer imperial clan. Liu Mengyan was made grand pacification commissioner for the Jiangs and Hunan. On jiashen, Yuan forces reached Gaoting Mountain; supervising censor Yang Yingkui was sent with the dynastic seal to surrender. The memorial read: "The Song ruler and subject Zhao Xian humbly bows a hundred times and presents this memorial, saying: I am utterly young and in my minority, and my house has met many hardships; the powerful traitor Jia Sidao broke the alliance and ruined the state, until Your Majesty raised troops to question our crimes. It is not that I could not move aside to seek mere survival, but now Heaven's mandate has a new home—whither should I go? Respectfully following the grand empress dowager's order, I remove the imperial title and offer all surviving prefectures of the two Zhes, Fujian, the Jiangs, Hunan, the two Guangs, the two Huais, and Sichuan to the holy dynasty, praying for mercy on behalf of the altars and the people. I hope Your sagely compassion will consider and not let the Zhao clan's more than three hundred years of altars suddenly perish; if you graciously grant preservation, then the Zhao descendants will rely on you generation after generation and dare not forget." That night, chief minister Chen Yizhong fled; Zhang Shijie, Su Liuyi, and Liu Shiyong each led their troops away. On yiyou, Wen Tianxiang was made right chief minister, bureau director, and commander-in-chief. On bingxu, Tianxiang was ordered to go with Wu Jian to the Yuan camp. Jia Xuanweng was granted jinshi status and made signing bureau director; Jia Yuqing associate signing bureau director and prefect of Lin'an. On wuzi, Jiande commander Fang Hui, Wuzhou prefect Liu Yi, Chuzhou prefect Liang Yi, and Taizhou prefect Yang Bidu all surrendered. That month, Linjiang commander Teng Yanzhan fled.
20
殿使 使 使
On the first day of the second month, dingyou, a black spot oscillated within the sun like a goose egg. On xinchou, the hundred officials led a submission at Xiangxi Hall, and an edict instructed prefectures and counties to surrender. Yuan envoys entered Lin'an Prefecture, sealed the treasuries, collected books from the History Institute and Rites Office and all ministry seals, patents, and commissions, and abolished government offices and the guard army. On renyin, Jia Yuqing, Wu Jian, Xie Tang, Liu Jie, and Jia Xuanweng were still sent as pleading envoys. That day, Yuan troops camped on the Qiantang River sands; the tide did not come for three days.
21
In the third month, on dingchou, the emperor entered court.
22
In the fifth month, on bingshen, he had audience at Shangdu. He was demoted and enfeoffed as Duke of Ying with the ceremony of opening office and equal thirds. That month, Chen Yizhong and others established Zhao Zhao in Fuzhou; two years and four months later he died at Yaozhou; Lu Xiufu and others then established Prince Wei Zhao Bing; three years later the remnant was finally pacified.
23
Appraisal: Sima Qian discussed how the Qin and Zhao lineages both descended from Bo Yi. The descendants of Hou Ji, Qi, and Bo Yi all possessed the realm; whether fortune was short or long also depended on the thickness of their merit. Although Zhao Song rose through martial force, after success was achieved and order settled they passed the realm down through benevolence; compared with Qin there should have been a difference. Yet the defect of benevolence lies in weakness, just as the defect of culture lies in pedantry. In the middle period some wished to strengthen themselves to reform these defects, but used methods contrary to the proper direction and gradually brought on disorder. After the Jianyan era the realm was divided, yet they could still have six rulers for a hundred and fifty years before perishing—is it not that ritual and righteousness were enough to sustain the will of gentlemen, and favor and kindness enough to bind the hearts of the common people? The Duke of Ying took the throne at four; when he was six the heavenly troops crossed the Yangtze, and at six the hundred officials presented him entering court. Han Liu Xiang said: "When Confucius discussed the Odes and reached 'The Yin warriors were sensitive and refined, naked they will go to the capital, he sighed and said: How great is Heaven's mandate! Goodness must be transmitted to later generations; thus wealth and honor are not constant.' How penetrating the words! When our great Yuan pacified Song, the people of Wu and Yue found the markets unchanged. Emperor Shizu ordered the commanders of the southern campaign always to be instructed with Song Taizu's admonition to Cao Bin not to kill. The Documents says: "How great are the king's words, how unified the king's heart." The foundation of our Yuan's possession of all under Heaven lies herein.
24
The Two Princes, appendix.
25
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The two princes were sons by a concubine of Duzong. The elder was Prince of Jianguo Zhao; his mother was Consort Yang; the younger was Prince of Yongguo Zhao; his mother was Lady Xiurong Yu. When Duzong died, Empress Dowager Xie summoned Jia Sidao and others into the palace to discuss whom to establish; the multitude thought Zhao was eldest and should be established; Sidao advocated establishing the legitimate heir, so Xian was established while Zhao was enfeoffed Prince Ji and Bing Prince Xin. In the second year of Deyou, in the first month, Wen Tianxiang, then governor of Lin'an, asked that the two princes be stationed in Min and Guang. The request was refused, and only then were the two princes ordered out of the palace apartments. When Yuan forces pressed Lin'an, the imperial clan again petitioned; then Zhao was moved to Prince Yi, prefect of Fuzhou and grand pacification commissioner of Fujian, and Bing to Prince Guang, prefect of Quanzhou with concurrent southern outer imperial clan director; the imperial son-in-law Yang Zhen and Yang Liangjie and Yu Rugui were made overseers. When Yuan forces reached Gaoting Mountain, Zhen and others escorted the prince away to Wuzhou. Chancellor Bayan entered Lin'an and sent Fan Wengu with troops toward Wu, summoning Zhen to return with the prince; Zhen received the report and left, saying: "I shall go die there to slow the pursuing troops." Liangjie and others then carried the prince on foot and hid in the mountains seven days; their general Zhang Quan with several dozen soldiers first caught up; they then fled together to Wenzhou; Lu Xiufu and Su Liuyi caught up on the road. Men were sent to summon Chen Yizhong at Qing'ao; Yizhong came to pay respects; Zhang Shijie was again summoned at Dinghai; Shijie also came with his troops to Jiangxin Temple at Wenzhou. When Gaozong fled south he had once come here; there was an imperial seat in the temple; all together wept below the seat and acclaimed Zhao as commander-in-chief of all troops under Heaven, with Bing as deputy. They then raised troops and appointed officials; Prince Xiu Zhao Yourui was made Fujian investigation commissioner with pacification and western outer imperial clan director; Zhao Jifu southern outer imperial clan director with concurrent Fujian joint punishments commissioner; they entered Min first to pacify officials and people and instruct those of the same surname. The grand empress dowager soon sent two eunuchs with eight soldiers to summon the prince at Wenzhou; Yizhong and others sank the soldiers in the river and then entered Min. At that time Ting, Jian, and other prefectures were about to follow Huang Wanshi in surrender; hearing Zhao was coming, they immediately closed the cities and rejected envoys; Wanshi's generals Liu Jun, Song Zhang, Zhou Wenying, and others also mostly came over.
26
使 使使使
On the first day of the fifth month, yiwei, Yizhong and others established Zhao at Fuzhou as Song ruler, changed the era to Jingyan, and enfeoffed Consort Yang as empress dowager with joint governance. Prince Xin Zhao Bing was enfeoffed Prince Wei. Yizhong was left chief minister and commander-in-chief; Li Tingzhi right chief minister; Chen Wenlong and Liu Fu vice councilors; Zhang Shijie deputy bureau director; Lu Xiufu signing bureau director. Wu Jun, Zhao Wen, Fu Zhuo, Li Jue, Zhai Guoxiu, and others were ordered to lead troops on separate routes. Fuzhou was changed to Fu'an Prefecture; Wenzhou to Li'an Prefecture. Amnesty was proclaimed at the suburban sacrifice. That day at dawn a great sound came from within the palace; all were startled and fell prostrate. Wen Tianxiang returned from escape at Zhenjiang; on gengchen he was made right chief minister and acting bureau director. He sent his general Lü Wu into Jiang and Huai to recruit heroes; Du Hu went to Wenzhou to recruit troops. Guangdong pacification commissioner Xu Zhiliang sent Liang Xiongfei to request surrender at the Longxing commandery; the court then made Xiongfei acting pacification commissioner and sent him to subdue Guangzhou. Soon after Zhiliang heard Zhao was established and ordered acting vice prefect Li Xingdao and vanguard general Huang Jun and others to resist Xiongfei at Shimen; Xingdao would not fight; Jun was defeated and fled to Guangzhou; Zhiliang abandoned the city and fled.
27
On bingzi of the sixth month, Xiongfei entered Guangzhou; all surrendering generals were given office; only Jun would not accept and was killed by the crowd. Wu Jun gathered troops at Guangchang and took Nanfeng, Yihuang, and Ningdu counties. Zhai Guoxiu took Xiushan; Fu Zhuo reached Qu and Xin counties; many people responded. Wen Tianxiang was ordered co-commander-in-chief.
28
西 西 退
On dingyou of the seventh month, they advanced to Nanjian Prefecture intending to take Jiangxi. That month, Wu Jun's army was defeated at Nanfeng; Guoxiu heard troops had come and withdrew. Fu Zhuo's army was defeated; he went to the Jiangxi Yuan commandery and surrendered. Council director Ali Haiya broke Yan Pass; Ma Ji retreated to defend Jingjiang Prefecture.
29
使 使 使
In the eighth month, Zhangzhou rebelled; Chen Wenlong was made Min-Guang pacification commissioner to suppress it. On jiaxu, Prince Xiu Yourui besieged Wuzhou. On bingzi, hearing great troops had come, they broke off the siege and returned. Wang Jinong was made Fujian punishments commissioner, pacification and recruitment commissioner, and Nanjian prefect to defend the upper three prefectures; Huang Quan joint punishments and pacification commissioner and Zhangzhou prefect to defend the lower three prefectures. Zhang Shijie sent troops to help Wu Jun fight Marshal Li Heng at Douling; defeated, they fled to Ningdu. Xinghua stone-hand troops rebelled.
30
In the ninth month, Chen Wenlong was again made commander of Xinghua. Dongguan man Xiong Fei held Chao and Hui for Huang Shijie; hearing Zhao Wen had come, he led troops to join him and attacked Xiongfei at Guangzhou. On renyin, Xiongfei fled; Xiong Fei then recovered Shaozhou. Xinhui magistrate Zeng Fenglong also led troops to Guangzhou; Li Xingdao came out to welcome and pay respects; Fei and Fenglong seized and killed him. Quzhou defender Wei Fuxing fought at Fuxing Bridge and was killed. On renzi, Zhao Wen entered Guangzhou. That month, pacification commissioner Yede Shijie joined eastern province troops at Fuzhou. Marshals Lü Shiqian and Zhang Rongshi led troops into Meiling.
31
On the first day of the tenth month, renxu, Wen Tianxiang entered Tingzhou. Zhao Wen sent Zeng Fenglong with Xiong Fei to resist the great army at Nanxiong; Fenglong died in battle; Xiong Fei fled to Shaozhou. The great army besieged Shaozhou; defender Liu Zili surrendered the city; Fei led troops in street fighting, was defeated, and drowned himself.
32
使 𤩲使
In the eleventh month, deputy councilor Arughan and Dong Wenbing led troops to Chuzhou; Li Jue surrendered the city. On jiachen, Prince Xiu Yourui fought at Li'an; observation commissioner Li Shida was killed. Yourui and his brother Yulü, son Mengbei, overseer Zhao Youqi, and investigation commissioner Lin Wen were captured and all were killed. Arughan's troops reached Jianning Prefecture; defender Zhao Chongjiao was captured; Shaowu commander Zhao Shishang and Nanjian prefect Wang Jinong all abandoned their cities. On yisi, Zhao went to sea. On guichou, the great army reached Fu'an Prefecture; prefect Wang Gangzhong surrendered the city. Zhao wished to enter Quanzhou; pacitation commissioner Pu Shougeng had other intentions. Initially Shougeng had been maritime trade commissioner at Quanzhou and monopolized foreign-ship profits for thirty years. When Zhao's boat reached Quanzhou, Shougeng came to pay respects and asked him to halt; Zhang Shijie would not permit it. Some urged Shijie to detain Shougeng so that all sea vessels would not follow on their own; Shijie did not follow and let him return. Later when boats were insufficient, they seized his boats and also confiscated his goods; Shougeng then angrily killed all imperial clansmen, gentry, and Huai troops in Quanzhou. Zhao moved to Chaozhou. That month, Fu'an and Xinghua both surrendered. Yingde defenders Ling Mijian, Xu Mengde, and others also surrendered.
33
退
On the first day of the twelfth month, xinyou, Zhao Wen abandoned Guangzhou and fled. On yichou, commissioner Fang Xing also fled; Wu Jun retreated into Ruijin. On wuchen, Pu Shougeng and Quanzhou prefect Tian Zhenzi surrendered the city. Xinghua commander Chen Wenlong held the city and would not surrender; on yiyou, vice prefect Cao Chengsun surrendered the city; Wenlong was captured and died unyielding. Zhao stopped at Jiazi Gate.
34
In the first month of the fourteenth year of Zhiyuan, the great army broke Ting Pass. On guisi, Xunzhou prefect Liu Xing surrendered. On renyin, Wu Jun abandoned Ruijin and fled; pacification commissioner Kong Zun entered Ruijin; Wen Tianxiang fled to Zhangzhou; Jun soon returned to Tingzhou and surrendered. On wushen, Chaozhou prefect Ma Fa and his vice prefect Qi Jizu surrendered; on guichou, they came back again. On dingsi, acting Meizhou prefect Qian Rongzhi surrendered the city.
35
In the second month, the great army reached Guangzhou; county man Zhao Ruogang surrendered the city. All Guangdong prefectures surrendered.
36
In the third month, Wen Tianxiang took Meizhou; Chen Wenlong's nephew Zan raised troops, killed defender Lin Hua, and held Xinghua Commandery.
37
使
In the fourth month, Wen Tianxiang took Xingguo County; Guangdong commissioner Zhang Zhensun attacked and took Guangzhou; Liang Xiongfei and others abandoned the city and fled to Shaozhou.
38
西
In the fifth month, Zhang Shijie led troops to take Chaozhou; Wen Tianxiang led troops from Meizhou into Jiangxi and entered Huichang County; Huai civilian Zhang Dexing also raised troops, killed Taihu county aide Wang Deyan, held Sikong Mountain, and captured Huangzhou and Shouchang Commandery. On dingsi, he met pacification commissioner Zheng Ding; they fought at Fan Pass; Ding fell into the water and drowned.
39
On xinyou of the sixth month, Wen Tianxiang took Yudu. On jimao, he entered Xingguo County.
40
西
In the seventh month, troops were sent to take Ji and Gan counties and besiege Ganzhou. Zhao Fan of Hengshan and He Shi of Fuzhou both raised troops in response. On yisi, Zhang Shijie besieged Quanzhou and sent general Gao Rixin to recover Shaowu. Huai troops at Fuzhou wished to kill Wang Jinong to join Shijie; all were killed by Jinong. Jiangxi pacification commissioner Li Heng sent troops to relieve Ganzhou and himself led troops into Xingguo.
41
In the eighth month, all of Wen Tianxiang's generals' armies were defeated; he then led troops to join Zou Mian at Yongfeng; Mian's army also routed. On jisi, Mars covered the moon; the sky turned red. On renshen, Wen Tianxiang's army was defeated at Xingguo. On jimao, the great army broke Sikong Mountain; Zhang Dexing was defeated and fled. On jiashen, Tianxiang reached Kongkeng; the army utterly routed; he then went alone to Xunzhou; all generals were captured.
42
In the ninth month, Marshal Suodu relieved Quanzhou. On wushen, Zhang Shijie returned to Qian Bay. Left chancellor Tachu led troops into Dayu Ridge; deputy councilor Yede Shijie led troops to recover Shaowu and enter Fuzhou.
43
On jiachen of the tenth month, Suodu broke Xinghua Commandery; Chen Zan was killed. Advancing to attack Chaozhou, Ma Fa resisted; he then left to attack Huizhou.
44
In the eleventh month, Tachu besieged Guangzhou. On gengyin, Zhang Zhensun surrendered the city. Marshal Liu Shen with a fleet attacked Zhao at Qian Bay; Zhao fled to Xiushan. Chen Yizhong entered Champa and did not return.
45
On bingzi of the twelfth month, Zhao reached Jing'ao; a typhoon wrecked the boats and he nearly drowned; he then fell ill. After more than ten days the soldiers gradually gathered again; fourteen had died. On dingchou, Liu Shen pursued Zhao to Qizhou Ocean and captured Yu Rugui on his return.
46
In the first month of the fifteenth year, the great army razed Guangzhou city. Zhang Shijie sent troops to attack Leizhou but could not take it. On ji, the great army captured Fuzhou; defender Wang Ming was captured.
47
In the second month, the great army broke Chaozhou; Ma Fa was killed.
48
西使
In the third month, Wen Tianxiang took Huizhou; Guangzhou commander Ling Zhen and transport vice commissioner Wang Daofu took Guangzhou. Zhao wished to go live in Champa but could not; he then halted at Yaozhou and sent troops to take Leizhou. Zeng Yuanzi came from Leizhou and was made vice councilor and Guangxi pacification commissioner.
49
On wuchen of the fourth month, Zhao died at Yaozhou; his ministers gave him the temple title Duanzong. On gengwu, the multitude again established Prince Wei Zhao Bing as ruler; Lu Xiufu was made left chief minister. That month, a yellow dragon was seen in the sea.
50
On the first day of the fifth month, guiwei, the era was changed to Xiangxing. On yiyou, Yaozhou was elevated to Xianglong County. Zhang Yingke and Wang Yong were sent to take Leizhou; Yingke fought three times without success; Yong then surrendered.
51
On dingsi of the sixth month, Yingke fought again at Leizhou and was killed. Gaozhou prefect Li Xiangzu surrendered. On jiwei, Zhao moved to dwell at Yashan; Guangzhou was elevated to Xianglong Prefecture. On jisi, a great star flowed southeast and fell into the sea; more than a thousand small stars followed; the sound was like thunder and lasted several quarters before stopping. On jimao, commander-in-chief Zhang Hongfan and Li Heng campaigned against Yashan.
52
In the tenth month, Zhao Yuluo and Xie Ming and Xie Fu defended Qiongzhou; Ali Haiya sent Ma Chengwang to summon them; Yuluo led troops to resist at Baisha Mouth.
53
On guisi of the eleventh month, prefectural people seized Yuluo and surrendered.
54
On gengxu of the intercalary month, Wang Daofu abandoned Guangzhou and fled. On renxu, Ling Zhen fled. On guihai, the great army entered Guangzhou. On renwu of the twelfth month, Wang Daofu attacked Guangzhou; the army was defeated and he was captured. Ling Zhen's troops came next and were also defeated. Wen Tianxiang fled to Haifeng; on renyin, he was captured at Wupo Ridge. Zhen's army was again defeated at Jitang. The great army broke Nan'an County; defender Li Zifa was killed.
55
On renxu of the first month of the sixteenth year, Zhang Hongfan's troops reached Yashan. On gengwu, Li Heng's troops also came to join. Shijie anchored the fleet in the sea; more than a thousand great ships were linked, inner tower and outer oar, pierced with great ropes; walls like ramparts were raised on all sides; Zhao dwelt in the center. The great army attacked; the ships were firm and did not move. They also loaded boats with straw, soaked with grease, and rode the wind to set fire and burn them. The ships were all coated with mud and bound with long timbers to repel fire boats; fire could not burn them.
56
西 退 使
On the first day of the second month, wuyin, Shijie's subordinate Chen Bao surrendered. On jimao, commander Zhang Da made a night attack on the great army camp; losses were very heavy. On guiwei, black vapor came out west of the mountains. Li Heng took advantage of the early ebb to attack the north; Shijie with Huai troops fought to the death. By noon the tide rose; Zhang Hongfan attacked the south; attacked from north and south, the soldiers were all weary and could not fight. Soon one boat's mast and pennant fell; then all the boats' masts and pennants fell. Shijie knew matters were lost and then drew elite troops into the center fleet. The armies routed; Zhai Guoxiu and training commissioner Liu Jun and others doffed armor and surrendered. The great army reached the center fleet; it was dusk, and wind and rain came; mist filled all sides so that a foot apart could not be distinguished. Shijie then with Su Liuyi cut the ropes; with more than ten boats seized a harbor and left; Lu Xiufu went to Prince Wei's boat; the prince's boat was large and all boats were linked in a ring; estimating they could not break out, he then carried Zhao on his back and cast him into the sea; the harem and many ministers followed in death; seven days later more than a hundred thousand corpses floated out of the sea. Empress Dowager Yang heard Zhao had died and beat her breast in great grief, saying: "I endured death and hardship to hold on until now only for this one piece of Zhao flesh—now there is no hope!" She then went into the sea and died; Shijie buried her on the seashore; soon after Shijie also drowned himself. Song then perished.
57
Appraisal: The signs of Song's perishing were not for a single day. When the sequence had a destination and the true lord ruled the age, yet Song's remnant ministers, in their narrowness, upheld the two princes for schemes on the sea—one may say they did not know Heaven's mandate. Yet that as subjects they were loyal to what they served and came to this—how lamentable indeed!
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