1
天以陰陽五行化生萬物,盈天地之間,無非五行之妙用。 人得陰陽五行之氣以爲形,形生神知而五性動,五性動而萬事出,萬事出而休咎生。 和氣致祥,乖氣致異,莫不於五行見之。 《中庸》:「至誠之道,可以前知。 國家將興,必有禎祥; 國家將亡,必有妖孽。 見乎蓍龜,動乎四體。 禍福將至,善必先知之,不善必先知之。」 人之一身,動作威儀,猶見休咎,人君以天地萬物爲體,禎祥妖孽之致,豈無所本乎? 故由漢以來,作史者皆志五行,所以示人君之戒深矣。 自宋儒周惇頤《太極圖說》行世,儒者之言五行,原於理而究於誠。 其于《洪範》五行五事之學,雖非所取,然班固、范曄志五行已推本之,及歐陽修《唐志》,亦采其說,且於庶征惟述災眚,而休祥闕焉,亦豈無所見歟?
Heaven employs yin and yang and the five phases to generate and transform the myriad things; throughout the realm between heaven and earth, nothing escapes the subtle working of the five phases. Human beings take on physical form by receiving the qi of yin and yang and the five phases; form gives rise to spirit and awareness, the five natures are set in motion, the myriad affairs come forth, and with them fortune and calamity. Harmonious qi brings good omens, discordant qi brings anomalies, and all of this is manifest in the five phases. The Doctrine of the Mean says: "The way of utmost sincerity makes foreknowledge possible. When a state is about to flourish, auspicious signs will appear; when it is about to fall, evil portents will appear. They show themselves in divination by milfoil and tortoise shell, and stir in the movements of the four limbs. When fortune or disaster is on the way, one who is virtuous will know it in advance, and one who is not will know it in advance as well." Even in a single person's bearing and conduct, fortune and calamity may be discerned. If the ruler takes heaven, earth, and the myriad things as his own body, must not auspicious signs and evil portents likewise have their source? That is why historians since the Han have all included treatises on the five phases—to show how grave is the warning meant for rulers. After Zhou Dunyi's Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate gained currency among Song Confucians, their discussions of the five phases rooted themselves in principle and sought their fulfillment in sincerity. They did not embrace the Hongfan doctrine of the five phases and five affairs, yet Ban Gu and Fan Ye had already grounded their treatises on the five phases in it, and Ouyang Xiu's Tang Annals followed suit as well; he recorded only disasters among the various signs and left out auspicious omens—was that not a deliberate judgment of its own?
2
舊史自太祖而嘉禾、瑞麥、甘露、醴泉、芝草之屬,不絕於書,意者諸福畢至,在治世爲宜。 祥符、宣和之代,人君方務以符瑞文飾一時,而丁謂、蔡京之奸,相與傅會而爲欺,其應果安在哉? 高宗渡南,心知其非,故《宋史》自建炎而後,郡縣絕無以符瑞聞者,而水旱、劄瘥一切咎征,前史所罕見,皆屢書而無隱。 於是六主百五十年,兢兢自保,足以圖存。
In the earlier histories, from Emperor Taizu on, fine grain, auspicious wheat, sweet dew, sweet springs, spirit fungus, and the like fill the pages without end, as though every blessing had come at once—as might be expected in a well-governed age. In the Xiangfu and Xuanhe reigns, the court busied itself dressing the age in auspicious portents, while the villainy of Ding Wei and Cai Jing conspired in forced readings to deceive—what responses were there in truth? After Emperor Gaozong crossed the Yangtze, knowing such omens for what they were, the History of Song from the Jianyan era onward records no reports of auspicious portents from the counties, yet floods, droughts, pestilence, and every mark of calamity—seldom so fully set down in earlier histories—are entered again and again without concealment. In this way, through a century and a half under six rulers, the dynasty preserved itself by constant vigilance and was able to endure.
3
《易•震》之《彖》曰:「震來虩虩,恐致福也。」 人君致福之道,有大於恐懼修省者乎? 昔禹致群臣於會稽,黃龍負舟,而執玉帛者萬國。 孔甲好鬼神,二龍降自天,而諸侯相繼畔夏。 桑谷共生於朝,雉升鼎耳而雊,而大戊、武丁復修成湯之政。 穆王得白狼、白鹿,而文、武之業衰焉。 徐偃得朱弓矢,宋湣有雀生鸇,二國以霸,亦以之亡。 大概征之休咎,猶卦之吉凶,占者有德以勝之則凶可爲吉,無德以當之則吉乃爲凶。 故德足勝妖,則妖不足慮; 匪德致瑞,則物之反常者皆足爲妖。 妖不自作,人實興之哉! 今因先後史氏所紀休咎之征,匯而輯之,作《五行志》。
The Judgment on the Hexagram Zhen in the Book of Changes says: "Thunder comes with dread; through fear fortune is attained." Is there any surer path to fortune for a ruler than fear, reflection, and self-reform? In antiquity Yu gathered his ministers at Kuaiji; a yellow dragon bore his boat upon its back, and rulers from ten thousand states came bearing jade and silk. Kong Jia doted on spirits and omens; two dragons descended from heaven, yet the feudal lords one after another turned against Xia. Mulberry and grain sprang up together in the court, and a pheasant perched on the cauldron ears and crowed, yet Da Wu and Wu Ding restored the policies of Cheng Tang. King Mu received a white wolf and a white deer, yet the legacy of King Wen and King Wu fell into decline. Xu Yan received a vermilion bow and arrows; in Song a sparrow hatched a goshawk. Both states rose to dominance—and by those very signs were destroyed. Broadly speaking, auspicious and inauspicious signs resemble the fortune and misfortune of the hexagrams: where the ruler has virtue enough to master them, ill omens may turn to good; where he lacks the virtue to bear them, good omens become ill. When virtue is sufficient to overcome evil portents, those portents need not be feared; but when it is not virtue that brings auspicious signs, then every unnatural thing may count as an evil portent. Evil portents do not arise of themselves; it is human beings who bring them forth! Here I gather and arrange the signs of fortune and calamity recorded by historians past and present to compose the Treatise on the Five Phases.
4
潤下,水之性也。 水失其性,則爲災沴。 舊說以恒寒、鼓妖、魚孽、豕禍、雷電、霜雪、雨雹、黑眚、黑祥皆屬之水,今從之。 醴泉、河清雖爲瑞應,苟非其時,未必不爲異,故雜附於編。 他如甘露、嘉禾、芝草一切祥瑞之物,見於後者,因其事而考其時,則休咎自見,故亦各以類相從云。
To moisten and descend—that is the nature of water. When water loses its proper nature, disaster follows. Older accounts classified perpetual cold, drum omens, fish anomalies, swine calamities, thunder and lightning, frost and snow, rain and hail, black blights, and black portents under water; this treatise follows that scheme. Sweet springs and a clear Yellow River count as auspicious responses, yet if they come out of season they may prove ominous instead; they are therefore included here as well. Other auspicious things such as sweet dew, fine grain, and spirit fungus that appear later are likewise arranged by kind; when the event is weighed against its time, whether it bodes well or ill becomes clear of itself.
5
乾德二年四月,廣陵、揚子等縣潮水害民田。 七月,泰山水,壞民廬舍數百區,牛畜死者甚衆。 三年二月,全州大雨水。 七月,蘄州大雨水,壞民廬舍。 開封府河決,溢陽武。 河中府、孟州並河水漲,孟州壞中氵單軍營、民舍數百區。 河壞堤岸石,又溢於鄆州,壞民田。 泰州潮水損鹽城縣民田。 淄州、濟州並河溢,害鄒平、高苑縣民田。 四年,東阿縣河溢,損民田。 觀城縣河決,壞居民廬舍,注大名。 又靈河縣堤壞,水東注衛南縣境及南華縣城。 七月,滎澤縣河南北堤壞。 八月,宿州汴水溢,壞堤。 淄州清河水溢,壞高苑縣城,溺數百家及鄒平縣田舍。 泗州淮溢。 衡州大雨水月餘。 五年,衛州河溢,毀州城,沒溺者甚衆。
In the fourth month of the second year of Qiande (964), tidal floods damaged farmland in Guangling, Yangzi, and other counties. In the seventh month, flooding on Mount Tai destroyed several hundred dwellings, and a great many cattle and livestock perished. In the second month of the third year (965), Quanzhou suffered heavy rains and flooding. In the seventh month, heavy rains and flooding in Qizhou destroyed people's homes. The river in Kaifeng Prefecture broke its banks and flooded Yangwu. The Yellow River rose in both Hezhong Prefecture and Mengzhou; in Mengzhou several hundred sections of the Zhongtan military camp and civilian dwellings were destroyed. The river destroyed the stone revetments of the dikes and overflowed into Yanzhou, ruining farmland. Tidal floods in Taizhou damaged farmland in Yancheng County. Rivers overflowed in both Zizhou and Jizhou, damaging farmland in Zouping and Gaoyuan counties. In the fourth year (966), the river overflowed in Dong'e County and damaged farmland. The river broke its banks in Guancheng County, destroying homes and flooding into Daming. The dikes in Linghe County also failed; the waters flowed east into Weinan County and the city of Nanhua. In the seventh month, the dikes on both banks of the river in Xingze County were breached. In the eighth month, the Bian River overflowed in Suzhou and breached the dikes. The Qinghe River overflowed in Zizhou, destroying the city of Gaoyuan County and drowning several hundred households along with fields and homes in Zouping County. The Huai River overflowed in Sizhou. Hengzhou suffered heavy rains and flooding for more than a month. In the fifth year (967), the river overflowed in Weizhou, destroying the prefectural city; a great many people drowned.
6
開寶元年六月,州府二十三大雨水,江河泛溢,壞民田、廬舍。 七月,泰州潮水害稼。 八月,集州霖雨河漲,壞民廬舍及城壁、公署。 二年七月,下邑縣河決。 是歲,青、蔡、宿、淄、宋諸州水,真定、澶、滑、博、洺、齊、潁、蔡、陳、亳、宿、許州水,害秋苗。 三年,鄭、澶、鄆、淄、濟、虢、蔡、解、徐、岳州水災,害民田。 四年六月,汴水決宋州穀熟縣濟陽鎮。 又鄆州河及汶、清河皆溢,注東阿縣及陳空鎮,壞倉庫、民舍。 鄭州河決原武縣。 蔡州淮及白露、舒、汝、廬、潁五水並漲,壞廬舍、民田。 七月,青、齊州水傷田。 五年,河決澶州濮陽,絳、和、廬、壽諸州大水。 六月,河又決開封府陽武縣之小劉村。 宋州、鄭州並汴水決。 忠州江水漲二百尺。 六年,鄆州河決楊劉口。 懷州河決獲嘉縣。 潁州淮、渒水溢,渰民舍、田疇甚衆。 七月,曆亭縣御河決。 單州、濮州並大雨水,壞州廨、倉庫、軍營、民舍。 是秋,大名府、宋、亳、淄、青、汝、澶、滑諸州並水傷田。 七年四月,衛、亳州水。 泗州淮水暴漲入城,壞民舍五百家。 安陽縣河漲,壞居民廬舍百區。 八年五月,京師大雨水。 濮州河決郭龍村。 六月,澶州河決頓丘縣。 沂州大雨,入城,壞居舍、田苗。 九年三月,京師大雨水。 淄州水害田。
In the sixth month of the first year of Kaibao (968), twenty-three prefectures and districts suffered heavy rains and flooding; rivers overflowed and destroyed farmland and homes. In the seventh month, tidal floods in Taizhou damaged the crops. In the eighth month, prolonged rains in Jizhou raised the river and destroyed homes, city walls, and government offices. In the seventh month of the second year (969), the river broke its banks in Xiayi County. That year floods struck Qing, Cai, Su, Zi, and Song prefectures, and also Zhending, Chan, Hua, Bo, Ming, Qi, Ying, Cai, Chen, Bo, Su, and Xu, damaging the autumn grain. In the third year (970), floods in Zheng, Chan, Yan, Zi, Ji, Guo, Cai, Xie, Xu, and Yue prefectures damaged farmland. In the sixth month of the fourth year (971), the Bian River broke its banks at Jiyang town in Gushu County, Songzhou. The river in Yanzhou and the Wen and Qing rivers also overflowed, flooding Dong'e County and Chenkong town and destroying storehouses and homes. The river broke its banks in Yuanwu County, Zhengzhou. In Caizhou the Huai and the Bailu, Shu, Ru, Lu, and Ying rivers all rose together, destroying homes and farmland. In the seventh month, floods in Qing and Qi prefectures damaged the fields. In the fifth year (972), the river broke its banks at Puyang in Chanzhou; Jiang, He, Lu, and Shou prefectures suffered major floods. In the sixth month, the river broke its banks again at Xiaoliu village in Yangwu County, Kaifeng Prefecture. The Bian River broke its banks in both Songzhou and Zhengzhou. The Yangtze at Zhongzhou rose two hundred feet. In the sixth year (973), the river broke its banks at Yangliu mouth in Yanzhou. The river broke its banks in Huojia County, Huaizhou. In Yingzhou the Huai and the Bi River overflowed, inundating a great many homes and fields. In the seventh month, the Imperial Canal broke its banks in Liting County. Heavy rains and flooding in both Danzhou and Puzhou destroyed government offices, storehouses, military camps, and homes. That autumn, floods damaged the fields in Daming Prefecture and in Song, Bo, Zi, Qing, Ru, Chan, and Hua prefectures. In the fourth month of the seventh year (974), Wei and Bo prefectures suffered flooding. In Sizhou the Huai rose violently and flooded the city, destroying five hundred homes. The river rose in Anyang County and destroyed a hundred dwellings. In the fifth month of the eighth year (975), the capital suffered heavy rains and flooding. The river broke its banks at Guolong village in Puzhou. In the sixth month, the river broke its banks in Dunqiu County, Chanzhou. Heavy rains in Yizhou flooded the city and destroyed homes and crops. In the third month of the ninth year (976), the capital suffered heavy rains and flooding. Floods in Zizhou damaged the fields.
7
太平興國二年六月,孟州河溢,壞溫縣堤七十余步,鄭州壞滎澤縣甯王村堤三十余步,又漲於澶州,壞英公村堤三十步。 開封府汴水溢,壞大寧堤,浸害民田。 忠州江漲二十五丈。 興州江漲,毀棧道四百餘間。 管城縣焦肇水暴漲,逾京水。 濮州大水,害民田凡五千七百四十三頃。 潁州潁水漲,壞城門、軍營、民舍。 七月,復州蜀、漢江漲,壞城及民田、廬舍。 集州江漲,泛嘉川縣。 三年五月,懷州河決獲嘉縣北注。 又汴水決宋州寧陵縣境。 六月,泗州淮漲入南城,汴水又漲一丈,塞州北門。 十月,滑州靈河已塞復決。 四年三月,河南府洛水漲七尺,壞民舍。 泰州雨水害稼。 宋州河決宋城縣。 衛州河決汲縣,壞新場堤。 八月,梓州江漲,壞閣道、營舍。 九月,澶州河漲。 鄆州清、汶二水漲,壞東阿縣民田。 復州沔陽縣湖皛漲,壞民舍、田稼。 五年五月,潁州潁水溢,壞堤及民舍。 徐州白溝河溢入州城。 七月,復州江水漲,毀民舍,堤塘皆壞。 六年,河中府河漲,陷連堤,溢入城,壞軍營七所、民舍百余區。 鄜、延、寧州並三河水漲,溢入州城:鄜州壞軍營,建武指揮使李海及老幼六十三人溺死; 延州壞倉庫、軍民廬舍千六百區; 寧州壞州城五百余步,諸軍營、軍民舍五百二十區。 七年三月,京兆府渭水漲,壞浮梁,溺死五十四人。 四月,耀、密、博、衛、常、潤諸州水害稼。 六月,均州溳水、均水、漢江並漲,壞民舍,人畜死者甚衆。 又河決臨邑縣,漢陽軍江水漲五丈。 七月,大名府御河漲,壞範濟口。 南劍州江水漲,壞居民舍一百四十余區。 京兆府咸陽渭水漲,壞浮梁,工人溺死五十四人。 九月,梧州江水漲三丈,入城,壞倉庫及民舍。 十月,河決懷州武陟縣,害民田。 八年五月,河大決滑州房村,徑澶、濮、曹、濟諸州,浸民田,壞居民廬舍,東南流入淮。 六月,陝州河漲,壞浮梁; 又永定澗水漲,壞民舍、軍營千余區。 河南府澍雨,洛水漲五丈餘,壞鞏縣官署、軍營、民舍殆盡。 谷、洛、伊、瀍四水暴漲,壞京城官署、軍營、寺觀、祠廟、民舍萬余區,溺死者以萬計。 又壞河清縣豐饒務倉庫、軍營、民舍百余區。 雄州易水漲,壞民廬舍。 鄜州河水漲,溢入城,壞官寺、民舍四百余區。 荊門軍長林縣山水暴漲,壞民舍五十一區,溺死五十六人。 八月,徐州清河漲丈七尺,溢出,塞州三面門以禦之。 九月,宿州睢水漲,泛民舍六十里。 是夏及秋。 開封、浚儀、酸棗、陽武、封丘、長垣、中牟、尉氏、襄邑、雍丘等縣河水害民田。 九年七月,嘉州江水暴漲,壞官署、民舍,溺者千餘人。 八月,延州南北兩河漲,溢入東西兩城,壞官寺、民舍。 淄州霖雨,孝婦河漲溢,壞官寺、民田。 孟州河漲,壞浮梁,損民田。 雅州江水漲九丈,壞民廬舍。 新州江漲,入南砦,壞軍營。
In the sixth month of the second year of Taiping Xingguo (977), the river overflowed in Mengzhou and breached more than seventy paces of the Wen County dike; in Zhengzhou more than thirty paces of the dike at Ningwang village in Xingze County were destroyed; it rose again in Chanzhou and breached thirty paces of the dike at Yinggong village. The Bian River overflowed in Kaifeng Prefecture, breaching the Daning dike and flooding farmland. The Yangtze at Zhongzhou rose twenty-five zhang. The river rose in Xingzhou and destroyed more than four hundred sections of plank road. In Guancheng County the Jiaozhao River rose violently and overflowed the Jing River. Major floods in Puzhou damaged a total of 5,743 qing of farmland. The Ying River rose in Yingzhou and destroyed the city gates, military camps, and homes. In the seventh month, the Shu and Han rivers rose in Fuzhou, destroying the city along with farmland and homes. The river rose in Jizhou and inundated Jiaochuan County. In the fifth month of the third year (978), the river broke its banks in Huojia County, Huaizhou, and flowed northward. The Bian River also broke its banks within Ningling County, Songzhou. In the sixth month, the Huai rose and flooded the south city of Sizhou; the Bian River rose another zhang and blocked the north gate of the prefecture. In the tenth month, the Ling River in Huazhou, though recently sealed, broke its banks again. In the third month of the fourth year (979), the Luo River in Henan Prefecture rose seven chi and destroyed homes. Rain and flooding in Taizhou damaged the crops. The river broke its banks in Songcheng County, Songzhou. The river broke its banks in Ji County, Weizhou, destroying the Xinchang dike. In the eighth month, the river rose in Zizhou and destroyed trestle roads and barracks. In the ninth month, the river rose in Chanzhou. The Qing and Wen rivers rose together in Yanzhou and damaged farmland in Dong'e County. In Fuzhou the Huxiao lake in Mianyang County rose and destroyed homes and crops. In the fifth month of the fifth year, the Ying River overflowed in Yingzhou and destroyed the dikes and homes. The Baigou River overflowed in Xuzhou and flooded the prefectural city. In the seventh month, the river rose in Fuzhou, destroying homes and breaching every dike and embankment. In the sixth year, the river rose in Hezhong Prefecture, collapsed the linked dikes, flooded the city, and destroyed seven military camps and more than a hundred dwellings. In Fu, Yan, and Ning prefectures the three rivers rose together and flooded the cities: in Fu Prefecture military camps were destroyed, and Jianwu Command commander Li Hai drowned along with the old and young—sixty-three people in all; in Yanzhou a thousand six hundred storehouses and military and civilian dwellings were destroyed; in Ningzhou more than five hundred paces of the city wall were destroyed, along with five hundred twenty military camps and military and civilian dwellings. In the third month of the seventh year, the Wei River rose in Jingzhao Prefecture and destroyed the pontoon bridge; fifty-four people drowned. In the fourth month, floods in Yao, Mi, Bo, Wei, Chang, and Run prefectures damaged the crops. In the sixth month, the Yu, Jun, and Han rivers all rose together in Junzhou, destroying homes; a great many people and livestock perished. The river also broke its banks in Linyi County, and the river at Hanyang Army rose five zhang. In the seventh month, the Imperial Canal rose in Daming Prefecture and destroyed Fanji mouth. The river rose in Nanjian Prefecture and destroyed more than a hundred forty homes. In Xianyang, Jingzhao Prefecture, the Wei River rose and destroyed the pontoon bridge; fifty-four workers drowned. In the ninth month, the river in Wuzhou rose three zhang, flooded the city, and destroyed storehouses and homes. In the tenth month, the river broke its banks in Wuzhi County, Huaizhou, and damaged farmland. In the fifth month of the eighth year, the river broke its banks on a great scale at Fang village in Huazhou, passed through Chan, Pu, Cao, and Ji prefectures, inundated farmland and destroyed homes, and flowed southeast into the Huai. In the sixth month, the river rose in Shanzhou and destroyed the pontoon bridge; the Yongding stream also rose and destroyed more than a thousand homes and military camps. Torrential rain fell in Henan Prefecture; the Luo River rose more than five zhang and destroyed nearly all the government offices, military camps, and homes in Gong County. The Gu, Luo, Yi, and Chan rivers rose violently together, destroying more than ten thousand government offices, military camps, temples, shrines, and homes in the capital; those drowned numbered in the tens of thousands. The storehouses, military camps, and homes of the Fengrao office in Heqing County—more than a hundred sections—were also destroyed. The Yi River rose in Xiongzhou and destroyed people's homes. The river in Fuzhou rose, flooded the city, and destroyed more than four hundred government temples and homes. Mountain floods rose violently in Changlin County, Jingmen Army, destroying fifty-one homes; fifty-six people drowned. In the eighth month, the Qing River in Xuzhou rose one zhang and seven chi and overflowed; the three gates on the sides of the prefecture were sealed to hold it back. In the ninth month, the Sui River rose in Suzhou and inundated homes for sixty li. That summer and autumn, floods in Kaifeng, Junyi, Suanzao, Yangwu, Fengqiu, Changyuan, Zhongmou, Weishi, Xiangyi, Yongqiu, and other counties damaged farmland. In the seventh month of the ninth year, the river in Jiazhou rose violently, destroying government offices and homes; more than a thousand people drowned. In the eighth month, the north and south rivers in Yanzhou rose and flooded the east and west cities, destroying government temples and homes. Prolonged rain in Zizhou raised the Xiaofu River, which overflowed and destroyed government temples and farmland. The river rose in Mengzhou, destroyed the pontoon bridge, and damaged farmland. The river in Yazhou rose nine zhang and destroyed people's homes. The river rose in Xinzhou, flooded the south stockade, and destroyed military camps.
8
雍熙二年七月,朗江溢,害稼。 八月,瀛、莫州大水,損民田。 三年六月,壽州大水。
In the seventh month of the second year of Yongxi, the Lang River overflowed and damaged the crops. In the eighth month, major floods in Ying and Mo prefectures damaged farmland. In the sixth month of the third year, Shouzhou suffered major flooding.
9
端拱元年二月,博州水害民田。 五月,英州江水漲五丈,壞民田及廬舍數百區。 七月,磁州漳、滏二水漲。
In the second month of the first year of Duangong, floods in Bozhou damaged farmland. In the fifth month, the river in Yingzhou rose five zhang and destroyed several hundred sections of farmland and homes. In the seventh month, the Zhang and Fu rivers rose in Cizhou.
10
淳化元年六月,吉州大雨,江漲,漂壞民田、廬舍。 黃梅縣堀口湖水漲,壞民田、廬舍皆盡,江水漲二丈八尺。 洪州漲壞州城三十堵、民廬舍二千余區,漂二千餘戶。 孟州河漲。 二年四月,京兆府河漲,陝州河漲,壞大堤及五龍祠。 六月乙酉,汴水溢於浚儀縣,壞連堤,浸民田。 上親臨視,督衛士塞之。 辛卯,又決于宋城縣。 博州大霖雨,河漲,壞民廬舍八百七十區。 亳州河溢,東流泛民田、廬舍。 七月,齊州明水漲,壞黎濟砦城百餘堵。 許州沙河溢。 雄州塘水溢,害民田殆盡。 嘉州江漲,溢入州城,毀民舍。 復州蜀、漢二江水漲,壞民田、廬舍。 泗州招信縣大雨,山河漲,漂浸民田、廬舍,死者二十一人。 八月,藤州江水漲十餘丈,入州城,壞官署、民田。 九月,邛州蒲江等縣山水暴漲,壞民舍七十區,死者七十九人。 是秋,荊湖北路江水注溢,浸田畝甚衆。 三年七月,河南府洛水漲,壞七里、鎮國二橋; 又山水暴漲,壞豐饒務官舍、民廬,死者二百四十人。 十月,上津縣大雨,河水溢,壞民舍,溺者三十七人。 四年六月,隴城縣大雨,牛頭河漲二十丈,沒溺居人、廬舍。 九月,澶州河漲,沖陷北城,壞居人廬舍、官署、倉庫殆盡,民溺死者甚衆。 梓州玄武縣涪河漲二丈五尺,壅下流入州城,壞官私廬舍萬余區,溺死者甚衆。 十月。 澶州河決,水西北流入御河,浸大名府城,知府趙昌言壅城門禦之。
In the sixth month of the first year of Chunhua, heavy rains in Jizhou raised the river, which washed away farmland and homes. The lake at Jukou in Huangmei County rose and destroyed all farmland and homes; the river rose two zhang and eight chi. Floods in Hongzhou destroyed thirty sections of the city wall and more than two thousand homes, sweeping away more than two thousand households. The river rose in Mengzhou. In the fourth month of the second year, the river rose in Jingzhao Prefecture; the river rose in Shanzhou and destroyed the great dike and the Wulong shrine. On the day yiyou in the sixth month, the Bian River overflowed in Junyi County, breaching linked dikes and flooding farmland. The emperor went in person to inspect the breach and directed the guards to seal it. On the day xinmao it broke its banks again in Songcheng County. Prolonged heavy rains in Bozhou raised the river and destroyed eight hundred seventy homes. The river overflowed in Bozhou and flowed east, flooding farmland and homes. In the seventh month, the Mingshui River rose in Qizhou and destroyed more than a hundred sections of the wall of Liji stockade. The Sha River overflowed in Xuzhou. Pond water overflowed in Xiongzhou and destroyed nearly all the farmland. The river rose in Jiazhou, flooded the prefectural city, and destroyed homes. The Shu and Han rivers rose in Fuzhou and destroyed farmland and homes. Heavy rains in Zhaoxin County, Sizhou raised the mountain rivers, which washed away farmland and homes; twenty-one people died. In the eighth month, the river in Tengzhou rose more than ten zhang, flooded the prefectural city, and destroyed government offices and farmland. In the ninth month, mountain floods rose violently in Pujiang and other counties in Qiongzhou, destroying seventy homes; seventy-nine people died. That autumn, rivers in Jinghu North Circuit overflowed and inundated a great many fields. In the seventh month of the third year, the Luo River rose in Henan Prefecture and destroyed the Qili and Zhenguo bridges; mountain floods also rose violently, destroying the Fengrao office and homes; two hundred forty people died. In the tenth month, heavy rain in Shangjin County caused the river to overflow and destroy homes; thirty-seven people drowned. In the sixth month of the fourth year, heavy rain in Longcheng County caused the Niutou River to rise twenty zhang and drown residents and homes. In the ninth month, the river rose in Chanzhou and collapsed the north city; nearly all homes, government offices, and storehouses were destroyed, and a great many people drowned. The Fu River in Xuanwu County, Zizhou, rose two zhang and five chi, backed up, and flowed into the prefectural city, destroying more than ten thousand official and private homes; a great many people drowned. The tenth month, the river broke its banks in Chanzhou; the waters flowed northwest into the Imperial Canal and inundated Daming Prefecture; Prefect Zhao Changyan blocked the city gates to hold them back.
11
大中祥符元年六月,開封府尉氏縣惠民河決。 二年七月,徐、濟、青、淄大水。 八月,鳳州大水,漂溺民居。 十月,京畿惠民河決,壞民田。 三年六月,吉州、臨江軍並江水泛溢,害民田。 九月,河決河中府白浮梁村。 四年七月,洪、江、筠、袁州江漲,害民田,壞州城。 八月,河決通利軍,大名府御河溢,合流壞府城,害田,人多溺死。 九月,河溢于孟州溫縣。 蘇州吳江泛溢,壞廬舍。 十一月,楚、泰州潮水害田,人多溺者。 五年正月,河決棣州聶家口。 七月,慶州淮安鎮山水暴漲,漂溺居民。 六年六月,保安軍積雨河溢,浸城壘,壞廬舍,判官趙震溺死,又兵民溺死凡六百五十人。 七年六月,泗州水害民田。 河南府洛水漲。 秦州定西砦有溺死者。 八月,河決澶州。 十月,濱州河溢于安定鎮。 八年七月,坊州大雨河溢,民有溺死者。 九年六月,秦州獨孤谷水壞長道縣鹽官鎮城橋及官廨、民舍二百九十五區,溺死六十七人。 七月,延州洎定平、安遠、塞門、栲栳四砦山水泛溢,壞堤、城。 九月,雄、霸州界河泛溢。 利州水漂棧閣萬二千八百間。
In the sixth month of the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu, the Huimin River broke its banks in Weishi County, Kaifeng Prefecture. In the seventh month of the second year, Xu, Ji, Qing, and Zi prefectures suffered major floods. In the eighth month, major floods in Feng Prefecture washed away people's homes. In the tenth month, the Huimin River broke its banks in the capital region and damaged farmland. In the sixth month of the third year, rivers overflowed in both Jizhou and Linjiang Army and damaged farmland. In the ninth month, the river broke its banks at Baifu Liang village in Hezhong Prefecture. In the fourth month of the fourth year, rivers rose in Hong, Jiang, Jun, and Yuan prefectures, damaged farmland, and destroyed the prefectural cities. In the eighth month, the river broke its banks in Tongli Army; the Imperial Canal overflowed in Daming Prefecture; the combined waters destroyed the prefectural city, damaged the fields, and drowned a great many people. In the ninth month, the river overflowed in Wen County, Mengzhou. The Wu River in Suzhou overflowed and destroyed homes. In the eleventh month, tidal floods in Chu and Taizhou damaged the fields and drowned many people. In the first month of the fifth year, the river broke its banks at Niejiakou in Dizhou. In the seventh month, mountain floods rose violently at Huai'an town in Qingzhou and swept away residents. In the sixth month of the sixth year, accumulated rain in Bao'an Army caused the river to overflow, inundated the ramparts, and destroyed homes; Vice Magistrate Zhao Zhen drowned, and six hundred fifty soldiers and civilians drowned in all. In the sixth month of the seventh year, floods in Sizhou damaged farmland. The Luo River rose in Henan Prefecture. In Dingxi stockade, Qinzhou, people drowned. In the eighth month, the river broke its banks in Chanzhou. In the tenth month, the river overflowed at Anding town in Binzhou. In the seventh month of the eighth year, heavy rain in Fangzhou caused the river to overflow and people drowned. In the sixth month of the ninth year, water from Dugu Valley in Qinzhou destroyed the city bridge of Yanguan town in Changdao County and two hundred ninety-five government offices and homes; sixty-seven people drowned. In the seventh month, mountain floods overflowed at Dingping, Anyuan, Saimen, and Kaola stockades in Yanzhou and destroyed dikes and cities. In the ninth month, the border river between Xiong and Ba prefectures overflowed. Floods in Lizhou washed away twelve thousand eight hundred sections of plank roads.
12
天禧三年六月,河決滑州城西南,漂沒公私廬舍,死者甚衆,曆澶州、濮、鄆、濟、單至徐州,與清河合,浸城壁,不沒者四板。 明年既塞。 六月,復決於西北隅。
In the sixth month of the third year of Tianxi, the river broke its banks southwest of Huazhou city, sweeping away official and private dwellings; a great many died; it passed through Chanzhou, Pu, Yan, Ji, and Shan to Xuzhou, joined the Qing River, inundated the city walls, and where the water did not reach was four boards high. The following year it was sealed. In the sixth month, it broke its banks again at the northwest corner.
13
乾興元年正月,秀州水災,民多艱食。 十月己酉夜,滄州鹽山、無棣二縣海潮溢,壞公私廬舍,溺死者甚衆。 是歲,京東、淮南路水災。
In the first month of the first year of Qianxing, floods in Xiuzhou left the people struggling to obtain food. On the night of the day jiyou in the tenth month, tidal floods in Yanshan and Wudi counties, Cangzhou, overflowed and destroyed official and private dwellings; a great many people drowned. That year, the Jingdong and Huainan circuits suffered flood disasters.
14
天聖初,徐州仍歲水災。 三年十一月辛卯,襄州漢水壞民田。 四年六月丁亥,劍州、邵武軍大水,壞官私廬舍七千九百余區,溺死者百五十餘人。 是月,河南府、鄭州大水。 十月乙酉,京山縣山水暴漲,漂死者衆,縣令唐用之溺焉。 是歲,汴水溢,決陳留堤,又決京城西賈陂入護龍河,以殺其勢。 五年三月,襄、潁、許、汝等州水。 七月辛丑,泰州鹽官鎮大水,民多溺死。 六年七月壬子,江寧府、揚、真、潤三州江水溢,壞官私廬舍。 是月,雄、霸州大水。 八月甲戌,臨潼縣山水暴漲,民溺死者甚衆。 是月,河決楚王埽。 七年六月,河北大水,壞澶州浮梁。
Early in the Tiansheng era, Xuzhou suffered successive years of flooding. In the eleventh month of the third year, on xinmao, the Han River in Xiangzhou ruined the people's farmland. In the sixth month of the fourth year, on dinghai, severe floods in Jianzhou and Shaowu Circuit destroyed more than seventy-nine hundred official and private homes, and more than one hundred fifty people drowned. That month, Henan Prefecture and Zhengzhou were hit by severe floods. On yiyou in the tenth month, mountain floods surged in Jingshan County; many were swept away and drowned, including the county magistrate Tang Yongzhi. That year the Bian River overflowed, breaching the Chenliu dike; the Jia Po west of the capital was also cut open so the water could enter the Huglong River and thus reduce its force. In the third month of the fifth year, Xiang, Ying, Xu, Ru, and other prefectures suffered floods. In the seventh month, on xinchou, Yanguan town in Taizhou was inundated, and many people drowned. In the seventh month of the sixth year, on renzi, the Yangtze overflowed in Jiangning Prefecture and in Yang, Zhen, and Run prefectures, destroying official and private homes. That month, Xiong and Ba prefectures suffered severe flooding. On jiaxu in the eighth month, mountain floods surged in Lintong County, and a great many people drowned. That month the river broke through Wang Chu embankment. In the sixth month of the seventh year, severe floods in Hebei destroyed the floating bridge at Chanzou.
15
明道元年四月壬子,大名府冠氏等八縣水浸民田。
In the fourth month of the first year of Mingdao, on renzi, floods inundated farmland in Guanshi and seven other counties in Daming Prefecture.
16
景祐元年閏六月甲子,泗州淮、汴溢。 七月,澶州河決橫隴埽。 八月庚午,洪州分寧縣山水暴發,漂溺居民二百余家,死者三百七十餘口。 三年六月,虔、吉諸州久雨,江溢,壞城廬,人多溺死。 四年六月乙亥,杭州大風雨,江潮溢岸,高六尺,壞堤千餘丈。 八月甲戌,越州大水,漂溺居民。
In the intercalary sixth month of the first year of Jingyou, on jiazi, the Huai and Bian rivers overflowed at Sizhou. In the seventh month the river broke Henglong embankment in Chanzou. On gengwu in the eighth month, mountain floods burst forth in Fenning County, Hongzhou, sweeping away more than two hundred households; the dead numbered more than three hundred seventy. In the sixth month of the third year, prolonged rains in Gan and Ji prefectures caused the rivers to overflow, destroying city walls and homes, and many people drowned. On yihai in the sixth month of the fourth year, Hangzhou was struck by violent wind and rain; the tidal bore overflowed the banks to a height of six chi and destroyed more than a thousand zhang of dikes. On jiaxu in the eighth month, severe floods in Yuezhou swept away and drowned residents.
17
寶元元年,建州自正月雨,至四月不止,溪水大漲,入州城,壞民廬舍,溺死者甚衆。
In the first year of Baoyuan, rain fell in Jianzhou from the first month through the fourth without stopping; brooks swelled, flooded the prefectural city, destroyed homes, and a great many people drowned.
18
康定元年九月甲寅,滑州大河泛溢,壞民廬舍。
In the ninth month of the first year of Kangding, on jiayin, the great river in Huazhou flooded widely and destroyed the people's homes.
19
皇祐元年二月甲戌,河北黃、禦二河決,並注于乾寧軍。 河朔頻年水災。 二年,鎮定復大水,並邊尤被其害。 三年七月辛酉,河決館陶縣郭固口。 八月,汴河絕流。 四年八月,鄜州大水,壞軍民廬舍。
In the second month of the first year of Huangyou, on jiaxu, the Yellow and Yu rivers in Hebei broke their banks and together poured into Qianning Army. The Hebei region suffered floods year after year. In the second year, Zhen and Ding were again inundated, and the border districts suffered especially badly. In the seventh month of the third year, on xinyou, the river broke through at Guogu Pass in Guantao County. In the eighth month the Bian Canal ran dry. In the eighth month of the fourth year, severe floods in Fuzhou destroyed military and civilian homes.
20
嘉祐二年六月,開封府界及京東西、河北水潦害民田。 自五月大雨不止,水冒安上門,門關折,壞官私廬舍數萬區,城中系栰渡人。 七月,京東西、荊湖北路水災。 淮水自夏秋暴漲,環浸泗州城。 是歲,諸路江河溢決,河北尤甚,民多流亡。 三年七月,京、索、廣濟河溢,浸民田。 五年七月,蘇、湖二州水災。 六年七月乙酉,泗州淮水溢。 七年六月,代州大雨,山水暴入城。 七月,竇州山水壞城。 河決北京第五埽。
In the sixth month of the second year of Jiayou, waterlogging in the metropolitan district and in Jingdong West and Hebei damaged farmland. From the fifth month onward rain did not let up; water rose over Anshang Gate and broke the gate barrier, destroying tens of thousands of official and private homes, and within the city people crossed by raft. In the seventh month, Jingdong West and Jinghu North circuits suffered flooding. From summer through autumn the Huai swelled violently and surrounded Sizhou. That year rivers throughout the circuits overflowed and broke their banks; Hebei was hit hardest, and many people fled. In the seventh month of the third year, the Jing, Suo, and Guangji rivers overflowed and inundated farmland. In the seventh month of the fifth year, Su and Hu prefectures suffered floods. In the seventh month of the sixth year, on yiyou, the Huai overflowed at Sizhou. In the sixth month of the seventh year, heavy rain in Daizhou sent mountain floods rushing into the city. In the seventh month, mountain floods destroyed the walls of Douzhou. The river broke through the Fifth embankment at Beijing.
21
熙甯元年秋,霸州山水漲溢,保定軍大水,害稼,壞官私廬舍、城壁,漂溺居民。 河決恩、冀州,漂溺居民。 二年八月,河決滄州饒安,漂溺居民,移縣治于張爲村。 泉州大風雨,水與潮相沖泛溢。 損田稼,漂官私廬舍。 四年八月,金州大水,毀城,壞官私廬舍。 七年六月,熙州大雨,洮河泛溢。 八年四月,潭、衡、邵、道諸州江水溢,壞官私廬舍。 九年七月,太原府汾河夏秋霖雨,水大漲。 十月,海陽、潮陽二縣海潮溢,壞廬舍,溺居民。 十年七月,河決曹村下埽,澶淵絕流,河南徙,又東匯于梁山、張澤濼,凡壞郡縣四十五,官亭、民舍數萬,田三十萬頃。 洺州漳河決,注城。 大雨水,二丈河、陽河水湍漲,壞南倉,溺居民。 滄、衛霖雨不止,河濼暴漲,敗廬舍,損田苗。
In the autumn of the first year of Xining, mountain floods surged in Bazhou; Baoding Army was inundated, crops were ruined, official and private homes and city walls were destroyed, and residents were swept away and drowned. The river broke its banks in En and Ji prefectures, sweeping away and drowning residents. In the eighth month of the second year, the river broke through at Rao'an in Cangzhou, drowning residents, and the county seat was relocated to Zhangwei village. Violent wind and rain struck Quanzhou as floodwaters and the tide surged together. Crops were ruined and official and private homes were swept away. In the eighth month of the fourth year, severe floods in Jinzhou destroyed the city walls and official and private homes. In the sixth month of the seventh year, heavy rain in Xizhou sent the Tao River flooding over its banks. In the fourth month of the eighth year, rivers overflowed in Tan, Heng, Shao, and Dao prefectures and destroyed official and private homes. In the seventh month of the ninth year, summer and autumn rains at Taiyuan Prefecture swelled the Fen River. In the tenth month, tidal floods in Haiyang and Chaoyang counties destroyed homes and drowned residents. In the seventh month of the tenth year, the river broke Lower Cao Village embankment; the Chanyuan channel ran dry, the Henan course shifted, and the waters again gathered eastward toward Liangshan and the Zhangze marshes, ruining forty-five prefectures and counties, tens of thousands of official halls and private dwellings, and three hundred thousand qing of farmland. The Zhang River broke its banks in Mingzhou and poured into the city. Heavy rains caused the Erzhang and Yang rivers to surge, destroying the south storehouse and drowning residents. Unceasing rains in Cang and Wei sent river marshes surging, destroying homes and damaging crops.
22
元豐元年,章丘河水溢,壞公私廬舍、城壁,漂溺民居。 舒州山水暴漲,浸官私廬舍,損田稼,溺居民。 四年四月,澶州臨河縣小吳河溢北流,漂溺居民。 五月,淮水泛漲。 五年秋。 陽武、原武二縣河決,壞田廬。 七年六月,青田縣大水,損田稼。 七月,河北東、西路水。 北京館陶水,河溢入府城,壞官私廬舍。 八月,趙、邢、洺、磁、相諸州河水泛溢,壞城郭、軍營。 是年,相州漳河決,溺臨漳縣居民。 懷州黃、沁河泛溢,大雨水,損稼,壞廬舍、城壁。 磁州諸縣鎮,夏秋漳、滏河水泛溢。 臨漳縣斛律口決,壞官私廬舍,傷田稼,損居民。
In the first year of Yuanfeng, the river in Zhangqiu overflowed, destroying public and private homes and city walls and sweeping away civilian dwellings. Mountain floods surged in Shuzhou, inundating official and private homes, ruining crops, and drowning residents. In the fourth month of the fourth year, the Xiao Wu River in Linhe County, Chanzou flooded northward, sweeping away and drowning residents. In the fifth month the Huai flooded widely. In the autumn of the fifth year, the river broke its banks in Yangwu and Yuanwu counties, destroying fields and homes. In the sixth month of the seventh year, floods in Qingtian County damaged crops. In the seventh month, Hebei East and West circuits were inundated. Flooding struck Beijing and Guantao; the river overflowed into the prefectural city and destroyed official and private homes. In the eighth month, rivers flooded widely in Zhao, Xing, Ming, Ci, and Xiang prefectures, destroying city defenses and military camps. That year the Zhang River broke its banks in Xiangzhou, drowning residents of Linzhang County. The Yellow and Qin rivers flooded widely in Huaizhou; heavy rains ruined crops and destroyed homes and city walls. Throughout the counties and towns of Cizhou, the Zhang and Fu rivers flooded in summer and autumn. Hulu Pass broke open in Linzhang County, destroying official and private homes, damaging crops, and harming residents.
23
元祐四年,夏秋霖雨,河流泛漲。 八年,自四月,雨至八月,晝夜不息,畿內、京東西、淮南、河北諸路大水。 詔開京師宮觀五日,所在州令長吏祈禱,宰臣呂大防等待罪。
In the fourth year of Yuanyou, seasonal rains persisted through summer and autumn and rivers flooded widely. In the eighth year, from the fourth month through the eighth month rain fell day and night without ceasing; the metropolitan region and the Jingdong West, Huainan, and Hebei circuits suffered severe flooding. An edict ordered palaces and temples in the capital opened for five days of prayer; local prefectural magistrates were to lead prayers throughout the empire, while Councillor Lü Dagui and others awaited punishment.
24
元符元年,河北、京東等路大水。 二年六月,久雨,陝西、京西、河北大水,河溢,漂人民,壞廬舍。 是歲,兩浙蘇、湖、秀等州尤罹水患。
In the first year of Yuanfu, Hebei, Jingdong, and other circuits suffered severe floods. In the sixth month of the second year, prolonged rains brought severe floods to Shaanxi, Jingxi, and Hebei; rivers overflowed, people were swept away, and homes were destroyed. That year Su, Hu, Xiu, and other prefectures in the Two Zhe region were especially afflicted by flooding.
25
大觀元年夏,京畿大水。 詔工部都水監疏導,至於八角鎮。 河北、京西河溢,漂溺民戶。 十月,蘇、湖水災。 二年秋,黃河決,陷沒邢州钜鹿縣。 三年七月,階州久雨,江溢。 四年夏,鄧州大水,漂沒順陽縣。
In the summer of the first year of Daguan, the metropolitan region suffered severe flooding. An edict ordered the Ministry of Works Directorate of Water Control to dredge and channel the waters as far as Bajiao town. Rivers in Hebei and Jingxi overflowed, sweeping away and drowning common households. In the tenth month, Su and Hu suffered floods. In the autumn of the second year, the Yellow River broke its banks and engulfed Julu County in Xingzhou. In the seventh month of the third year, prolonged rain in Jiezhou caused the river to overflow. In the summer of the fourth year, severe floods in Dengzhou swept away and submerged Shunyang County.
26
政和五年六月,江甯府、太平、宣州水災。 八月,蘇、湖、常、秀諸郡水災。 七年,瀛、滄州河決,滄州城不沒者三版,民死者百余萬。
In the sixth month of the fifth year of Zhenghe, Jiangning Prefecture, Taiping, and Xuanzhou suffered floods. In the eighth month, Su, Hu, Chang, and Xiu prefectures suffered floods. In the seventh year the river broke its banks in Ying and Cang prefectures; only three courses of Cangzhou's wall remained above water, and more than a million people died.
27
重和元年夏,江、淮、荊、浙諸路大水,民流移、溺者衆,分遣使者振濟。 發運使任諒坐不奏泗州壞官私廬舍等勒停。
In the summer of the first year of Chonghe, severe floods struck the Jiang, Huai, Jing, and Zhe circuits; many people fled or drowned, and emissaries were dispatched to provide relief. Transport Commissioner Ren Liang was removed from office for failing to report the destruction of official and private dwellings at Sizhou and related matters.
28
宣和元年五月,大雨,水驟高十餘丈,犯都城,自西北牟駝岡連萬勝門外馬監,居民盡沒。 前數日,城中井皆渾,宣和殿后井水溢,蓋水信也。 至是,詔都水使者決西城索河堤殺其勢,城南居民塚墓俱被浸,遂壞藉田親耕之稼。 水至溢猛,直冒安上、南薰門,城守凡半月。 已而入汴,汴渠將溢,於是募人決下流,由城北入五丈河,下通梁山濼,乃平。 十一月,東南州縣水災。 四年十二月戊戌,詔:「訪聞德州有京東、西來流民不少,本州振濟有方,令保奏推恩。 余路遇有流移,不即存恤,按劾以聞。」 六年秋,京畿恒雨。 河北、京東、兩浙水災,民多流移。
In the fifth month of the first year of Xuanhe, torrential rain raised the waters more than ten zhang overnight, flooding the capital from Motuo Hill in the northwest through the horse stud outside Wansheng Gate and drowning residents throughout. Several days earlier every well in the city had turned muddy, and the well behind Xuanhe Hall overflowed—a sure omen of flood. Then an edict ordered the Director of Water Control to cut the Suo River dike west of the city to slow the flood; tombs of residents south of the city were inundated, and the crops in the sacred ploughing field where the emperor had personally tilled were destroyed. The flood surged violently, rising straight over Anshang and Nanxun gates, and the capital was defended for half a month. The waters then entered the Bian Canal, which was close to overflowing; laborers were hired to cut the lower channel so the flood could enter the Wuzhang River north of the city and drain down to Liangshan marsh, and the waters subsided. In the eleventh month, southeastern prefectures and counties suffered floods. On wuxu in the twelfth month of the fourth year, an edict stated: "Inquiry shows that quite a few refugees from Jingdong West have reached Dezhou; that prefecture has handled relief well. Let this be reported and recommended for imperial reward. On other routes, wherever displaced persons are found, those who fail to provide immediate relief are to be investigated and reported to the throne. In the autumn of the sixth year the metropolitan region saw unceasing rain. Floods struck Hebei, Jingdong, and the Two Zhe regions, and many people fled.
29
建炎二年春,東南郡國水。
In the spring of the second year of Jianyan, the southeastern provinces suffered flooding.
30
紹興二年閏月,徽、嚴州水,害稼。 三年七月丙子,泉州水三日,壞城郭、廬舍。 五年秋,西川郡國水。 六年冬,饒州雨水壞城四百餘丈。 十四年五月丙寅,婺州水。 乙丑,蘭溪縣水侵縣市,丙寅中夜,水暴至,死者萬余人。 十六年,潼川府東、南江溢,水入城,浸民廬。 十八年八月,紹興府、明、婺州水。 二十二年,淮甸水。 二十三年,金堂縣大水。 潼川府江溢,浸城內外民廬。 宣州大水,其流泛溢至太平州。 七月,光澤縣大雨,溪流暴湧,平地高十餘丈,人避不及者皆溺,半時即平。 二十七年,鎮江、建康、紹興府、真、太平、池、江、洪、鄂州、漢陽軍大水。 二十八年六月丙申,興、利二州及大安軍大雨水,流民廬,壞橋棧,死者甚衆。 九月,江東、淮南數郡水。 浙東、西沿江海郡縣大風、水,平江、紹興府、湖、常、秀、潤爲甚。 二十九年七月戊戌,福州水入城,閩、候官、懷安三縣壞田廬,官吏不以聞,憲臣樊光遠坐黜。 三十年五月辛卯夜,於潛、臨安、安吉三縣山水暴出,壞民廬、田桑,溺死者甚衆。 三十一年八月,建始縣大水,流民廬,死者甚衆。 三十二年四月,淮溢數百里,漂民田廬,死者尤衆。 六月,浙西郡縣山湧暴水,漂民舍,壞田覆舟。
In the intercalary month of the second year of Shaoxing, floods in Hui and Yan prefectures damaged crops. In the seventh month of the third year, on bingzi, three days of flooding in Quanzhou destroyed city walls and homes. In the autumn of the fifth year, the provinces of western Sichuan suffered flooding. In the winter of the sixth year, rains in Raozhou destroyed more than four hundred zhang of the city wall. In the fourteenth year, in the fifth month, on bingyin, Wuzhou was flooded. On yichou, floodwaters in Lanxi County inundated the county seat and market; at midnight on bingyin the waters rose without warning, and more than ten thousand people perished. In the sixteenth year, the eastern and southern rivers of Tongchuan Prefecture burst their banks, the waters entered the city, and civilian homes were inundated. In the eighth month of the eighteenth year, floods struck Shaoxing Prefecture, Mingzhou, and Wuzhou. In the twenty-second year, the Huai region suffered flooding. In the twenty-third year, Jintang County was hit by severe floods. The Tongchuan river overflowed, inundating civilian dwellings within and beyond the city walls. A major flood at Xuanzhou sent its waters spreading as far as Taiping Prefecture. In the seventh month, torrential rains struck Guangze County; streams rose violently until level ground stood more than ten zhang under water. Those who could not escape drowned; within half an hour the waters fell again. In the twenty-seventh year, severe floods struck Zhenjiang, Jiankang, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhenzhou, Taiping, Chizhou, Jiangzhou, Hongzhou, Ezhou, and Hanyang Circuit. In the sixth month of the twenty-eighth year, on bingshen, heavy rains and floods in Xing and Li prefectures and Da'an Circuit swept away homes, destroyed bridges and trestle roads, and killed a great many people. In the ninth month, several prefectures east of the Yangtze and in Huainan suffered floods. Eastern and western Zhe along the coast saw violent winds and floods; Pingjiang, Shaoxing Prefecture, Huzhou, Changzhou, Xiuzhou, and Runzhou were hardest hit. In the seventh month of the twenty-ninth year, on wuxu, floodwaters entered Fuzhou; fields and homes in Min, Houguan, and Huai'an counties were ruined. Because officials failed to report the disaster, Investigating Censor Fan Guangyuan was removed from office. On the night of xinmao in the fifth month of the thirtieth year, mountain torrents burst out in Yuqian, Lin'an, and Anji counties, destroying homes and mulberry fields; a great many people drowned. In the eighth month of the thirty-first year, severe flooding in Jianshi County swept away homes and killed a great many people. In the fourth month of the thirty-second year, the Huai overflowed for hundreds of li, sweeping away farms and homes; casualties were especially heavy. In the sixth month, flash floods from the mountains struck western Zhe, sweeping away houses, destroying crops, and capsizing boats.
31
隆興元年八月,浙東、西州縣大風、水,紹興、平江府、湖州及崇德縣爲甚。 二年七月,平江、鎮江、建康、甯國府、湖、常、秀、池、太平、廬和光州、江陰、廣德、壽春、無爲軍、淮東郡皆大水,浸城郭,壞廬舍、圩田、軍壘。 操舟行市者累日,人溺死甚衆。 越月,積陰苦雨,水患益甚,淮東有流民。
In the eighth month of the first year of Longxing, eastern and western Zhe were struck by violent winds and floods; Shaoxing, Pingjiang Prefecture, Huzhou, and Chongde County suffered worst. In the seventh month of the second year, severe floods inundated Pingjiang, Zhenjiang, Jiankang, Ningguo Prefecture, Huzhou, Changzhou, Xiuzhou, Chizhou, Taiping, Luzhou, Guangzhou, Jiangyin, Guangde, Shouchun, Wuwei Circuit, and the Huaidong prefectures, soaking city walls and destroying homes, polder fields, and military encampments. Boats navigated the markets for days on end, and a great many people drowned. A month later, unending overcast skies and relentless rain worsened the floods, and displaced people appeared in Huaidong.
32
乾道元年六月,常、湖州水壞圩田。 二年八月丁亥,溫州大風,海溢,漂民廬、鹽場、龍朔寺,覆舟,溺死二萬余人,江濱胔骼尚七千餘。 三年六月,廬、舒、蘄州水,壞苗稼,漂人畜。 七月己酉,臨安府天目山湧暴水,決臨安縣五鄉民廬二百八十餘家,人多溺死。 八月,湖、秀州、上虞縣水,壞民田廬。 時積潦至於九月,禾稼皆腐。 江東山水溢,江西諸郡水,隆興府四縣爲甚。 四年七月壬戌,衢州大水,敗城三百餘丈,漂民廬,孳牧,壞禾稼。 諸既縣大水害稼。 江甯、建康府水。 是歲,饒、信亦水。 五年七月丁巳,建甯府瑞應場大漈、山棗等山暴水湧出,漂民廬,溺死甚衆。 是歲夏秋,溫、台州凡三大風,水漂民廬,壞田稼,入畜溺死者甚衆,黃岩縣爲甚,郡守王之望、陳岩肖不以聞,皆黜削。 六年五月,平江、建康、甯國府、溫、湖、秀、太平州、廣德軍及江西郡大水,江東城市有深丈餘者,漂民廬,湮田稼,潰圩堤,人多流徙。 八年五月,贛州、南安軍山水暴出,及隆興府、吉、筠州、臨江軍皆大雨水,漂民廬,壞城郭,潰田害稼。 六月壬寅,四川郡縣大雨水,嘉、眉、邛、蜀州、永康軍及金堂縣尤甚,漂民廬,決田畝。 九年五月戊午,建康、隆興府、嚴、吉、饒、信、池、太平州、廣德軍水,漂民居,壞圩湮田,分水縣沙塞四百餘畝,採石流民多渡江。 六月,湖北郡縣水。
In the sixth month of the first year of Qiandao, floods in Changzhou and Huzhou destroyed polder fields. On dinghai in the eighth month of the second year of Qiandao, a great gale struck Wenzhou and the sea surged inland, sweeping away homes, salt pans, and Longshuo Temple. Boats capsized and more than twenty thousand people drowned; along the riverbank more than seven thousand corpses still lay unburied. In the sixth month of the third year, floods in Luzhou, Shuzhou, and Qizhou destroyed the crops and swept away people and livestock. On jiyou in the seventh month, a torrent burst from Tianmu Mountain in Lin'an Prefecture and destroyed more than two hundred eighty households across five townships of Lin'an County; many drowned. In the eighth month, floods in Huzhou, Xiuzhou, and Shangyu County destroyed fields and homes. Standing floodwaters persisted until the ninth month, and the grain crops rotted away. Mountain floods overflowed in Jiangdong; Jiangxi prefectures flooded; four counties of Longxing Prefecture were hardest hit. On renxu in the seventh month of the fourth year of Qiandao, severe floods at Quzhou collapsed more than three hundred zhang of city wall, swept away homes and livestock, and ruined the crops. Severe flooding in Zhuji County damaged the harvest. Jiangning and Jiankang prefectures suffered flooding. That year floods also struck Rao and Xin prefectures. On dingsi in the seventh month of the fifth year, mountain torrents at Ruiying Field, Daji, and Shanzao in Jianning Prefecture swept away homes and drowned a great many people. That summer and autumn, Wenzhou and Taizhou suffered three great storms in all; floods swept away homes and ruined crops, drowning a great many people and livestock. Huangyan County was worst hit. Prefects Wang Zhiwang and Chen Yanxiao failed to report the disasters and were dismissed and demoted. In the fifth month of the sixth year, severe floods struck Pingjiang, Jiankang, Ningguo Prefecture, Wenzhou, Huzhou, Xiuzhou, Taiping, Guangde Circuit, and Jiangxi. In Jiangdong cities the water stood more than one zhang deep in places; homes were swept away, fields submerged, polder dikes breached, and many fled. In the fifth month of the eighth year, mountain torrents burst out in Ganzhou and Nan'an Circuit; Longxing Prefecture, Ji, Jun, and Linjiang Circuit were deluged; homes were swept away, walls ruined, and fields breached. On renyin in the sixth month, Sichuan prefectures and counties were deluged; Jia, Mei, Qiong, Shu, Yongkang Circuit, and Jintang County were hardest hit, with homes swept away and fields cut through. On wuwu in the fifth month of the ninth year, floods struck Jiankang, Longxing Prefecture, Yan, Ji, Rao, Xin, Chi, Taiping, and Guangde Circuit, sweeping away homes and submerging polder fields. Sand blocked more than four hundred mu at Fenshui County, and many refugees at Caishi crossed the Yangtze. In the sixth month, Hubei prefectures and counties suffered flooding.
33
淳熙元年七月壬寅、癸卯,錢塘大風濤,決臨安府江堤一千六百六十餘丈,漂居民六百三十余家,仁和縣瀕江二鄉壞田圃。 三年八月辛巳,台州大風雨,至於壬午,海濤、溪流合激爲大水,決江岸,壞民廬,溺死者甚衆。 癸未,行都大雨水,壞德勝、江漲、北新三橋及錢塘、余杭、仁和縣田,流入湖、秀州,害稼。 浙東西、江東郡縣多水,婺州、會稽嵊、廣德軍建平三縣尤甚。 四年五月庚子,建寧府、福、南劍州大雨水,至於壬寅,漂民廬數千家。 己亥夜,錢塘江濤大溢,敗臨安府堤八十餘丈; 庚子,又敗堤百餘丈。 明州瀕海大風,海濤敗定海縣堤二千五百餘丈、鄞縣堤五千一百餘丈,漂沒民田。 九月丁酉、戊戌,大風雨駕海濤,敗錢塘縣堤三百餘丈; 余姚縣溺死四十餘人,敗堤二千五百六十餘丈; 敗上虞縣堤及梁湖堰及運河岸; 定海縣敗堤二千五百餘丈; 鄞縣敗堤五千一百餘丈。 五年六月戊辰,古田縣大水,漂民廬,圮縣治市橋。 閏月己亥,階州水,壞城郭。 乙巳,興化軍及福清縣及海口鎮大水,漂民廬、官舍、倉庫,溺死者甚衆。 六年夏,衢州水。 秋,甯國府、溫、台、湖、秀、太平州水,壞圩田,樂清縣溺死者百餘人。 七年五月戊戌,分宜縣大水,決田害稼。 八年五月壬辰,嚴州大水,漂浸民居萬九千五百四十餘家、壘舍六百八十余區。 紹興府大水,五縣漂浸民居八萬三千余家,田稼盡腐; 漁浦敗堤五百餘丈,新林敗堤通運河。 是歲,徽、江二州亦水。 十年五月辛巳,信州大水入城,沈廬舍、市井。 襄陽府大水,漂民廬,蓋藏爲空。 江東、浙東數郡亦水。 八月辛酉,雷州大風激海濤,沒瀕海民舍,死者甚衆。 九月乙丑,福、漳州大風雨,水暴至,長溪、寧德縣瀕海聚落、廬舍、人舟皆漂入海,漳城半沒,浸八百九十餘家。 丁卯,吉州龍泉縣大水,漂民廬,壞田畝,溺死者衆。 十一年四月,和州水,湮民廬,壞圩田。 五月丙申,階州白江水溢,決堤圮城,浸民廬、壘舍、祠廟、寺觀甚多。 建康府、太平州水。 六月甲申,處州龍泉縣大雨,水浸民舍,壞杠梁,匯田害稼。 七月壬辰,明州大風雨,山水暴出,浸民市,圮民廬,覆舟殺人。 十二年六月,婺州及富陽縣皆水,浸民廬,害田稼。 八月戊寅,安吉縣暴水發棗園村,漂廬舍、寺觀,壞田稼殆盡,溺死千餘人,郡守劉藻不以聞,坐黜。 是歲,鄂州自夏徂冬,水浸民廬。 九月,台州水。 十四年三月辛未,汀州水,漂百餘家、軍壘六十余區。 十五年五月,淮甸大雨水,淮水溢,廬、濠、楚州、無爲、安豐、高郵、盱眙軍皆漂廬舍、田稼,廬州城圮。 荊江溢,鄂州大水,漂軍民壘舍三千餘。 江陵、常德、德安府、復、嶽、澧州、漢陽軍水。 戊午,祁門縣群山暴匯爲大水,漂田禾、廬舍、塚墓、桑麻、人畜什六七,浮胔甚衆,及害及浮梁縣。 六月,建寧、隆興府、袁、撫州、臨江軍水圮民廬。 七月,黃岩縣水敗田瀦。 番昜湖溢番昜縣,漂民舍、田稼,有流徙者。 十六年四月甲戌,紹興府新昌縣山水暴作,害稼湮田,漂民廬。 五月丙辰,沅、靖州山水暴溢至辰州,常德府城沒一丈五尺,漂民廬舍。 汀州大水,浸民廬千五百餘家,溺死三千人。 分宜縣水。 丁巳,階州白江水溢,浸城市民廬。 六月庚寅,鎮江府大雨水五日,浸軍民壘舍三千餘。 辛卯,潼川府東南二江溢,決堤,毀橋,浸民廬,涪城、中江、射洪、通泉、郪縣沒田廬。
On renyin and guimao in the seventh month of the first year of Chunxi, great winds and waves at Qiantang breached more than one thousand six hundred sixty zhang of Lin'an Prefecture's river dikes, swept away more than six hundred thirty households, and ruined fields and gardens in two riverside townships of Renhe County. On xinsi in the eighth month of the third year of Chunxi, Taizhou was battered by wind and rain through renwu; sea surge and river torrents combined into a great flood that breached the banks, destroyed homes, and drowned a great many. On guimao the capital was deluged; the Desheng, Jiangzhang, and Beixin bridges were ruined, along with fields in Qiantang, Yuhang, and Renhe counties. Floodwaters poured into Huzhou and Xiuzhou and damaged the harvest. Floods struck many prefectures in eastern and western Zhe and Jiangdong; Wuzhou, Sheng of Kuaiji, and the three counties of Guangde Circuit and Jianping were worst affected. On gengzi in the fifth month of the fourth year, heavy rains flooded Jianning Prefecture, Fu, and Nanjian prefecture; by renyin several thousand homes had been swept away. On the night of jihai the Qiantang bore surged and breached more than eighty zhang of Lin'an Prefecture's dikes; On gengzi another hundred-plus zhang of dikes gave way. A coastal gale at Mingzhou sent sea surge against the dikes, breaching more than two thousand five hundred zhang at Dinghai County and more than five thousand one hundred zhang at Yin County, and submerging farmland. On dingyou and wuxu in the ninth month, wind and rain drove sea surge that breached more than three hundred zhang of Qiantang County's dikes; More than forty people drowned in Yuyao County, and more than two thousand five hundred sixty zhang of dikes collapsed; dikes at Shangyu County, the Lianghu weir, and the Grand Canal embankment failed; at Dinghai County more than two thousand five hundred zhang of dikes gave way; and at Yin County more than five thousand one hundred zhang of dikes collapsed. On wuchen in the sixth month of the fifth year of Chunxi, severe flooding in Gutian County swept away homes and collapsed the county seat, market, and bridge. On jihai in the intercalary month, floods at Jiezhou destroyed the city walls. On yisi, great floods struck Xinghua Circuit, Fuqing County, and Haikou town, sweeping away homes, government buildings, and storehouses; a great many drowned. In the summer of the sixth year, Quzhou suffered flooding. That autumn, floods in Ningguo Prefecture, Wenzhou, Taizhou, Huzhou, Xiuzhou, and Taiping destroyed polder fields; more than one hundred drowned in Yueqing County. On wuxu in the fifth month of the seventh year, severe flooding at Fenyi County breached fields and ruined the harvest. On renchen in the fifth month of the eighth year, Yanzhou was inundated; floods swept or soaked more than nineteen thousand five hundred forty households and more than six hundred eighty military compounds. Severe floods at Shaoxing Prefecture inundated more than eighty-three thousand households across five counties and ruined the entire harvest; at Yubu more than five hundred zhang of dikes failed, and at Xinlin dikes collapsed into the Grand Canal. That year floods also struck Hui and Jiang prefectures. On xinsi in the fifth month of the tenth year, floodwaters entered Xinzhou; homes and market streets were submerged. Severe floods at Xiangyang Prefecture swept away homes and emptied storehouses. Several prefectures in Jiangdong and eastern Zhe also flooded. On xinyou in the eighth month, a great gale at Leizhou drove sea surge inland and submerged coastal homes; casualties were heavy. On yichou in the ninth month, wind and rain lashed Fu and Zhang prefectures and waters rose without warning. Coastal settlements, homes, and boats in Changxi and Ningde counties were swept into the sea; half of Zhang city was submerged, inundating more than eight hundred ninety households. On dingmao, severe flooding in Longquan County, Jizhou, swept away homes, ruined fields, and drowned many. In the fourth month of the eleventh year, floods at Hezhou submerged homes and destroyed polder fields. On bingshen in the fifth month, the Bai River at Jiezhou overflowed, breaching dikes and collapsing the wall; homes, barracks, shrines, temples, and monasteries were widely inundated. Jiankang Prefecture and Taiping Prefecture suffered flooding. On jiashen in the sixth month, heavy rains at Longquan County in Chuzhou inundated homes, destroyed bridges and beams, and turned fields into torrents that ruined the crops. On renchen in the seventh month, wind and rain at Mingzhou sent mountain torrents through the markets, collapsing homes and capsizing boats with loss of life. In the sixth month of the twelfth year, floods at Wuzhou and Fuyang County inundated homes and damaged crops. On wuyin in the eighth month, a flash flood from Zaoyuan village in Anji County swept away homes, temples, and monasteries, nearly ruining the entire harvest, and drowned more than one thousand people. Prefect Liu Zao failed to report it and was removed from office. That year Ezhou remained inundated from summer through winter. In the ninth month, Taizhou suffered flooding. On xinwei in the third month of the fourteenth year, floods at Tingzhou swept away more than one hundred households and more than sixty military compounds. In the fifth month of the fifteenth year, torrential rains flooded the Huai region; the river overflowed; Lu, Hao, Chu, Wuwei, Anfeng, Gaoyou, and Xuyi Circuit saw homes and crops swept away, and Luzhou's wall collapsed. The Jing overflowed; severe floods at Ezhou swept away more than three thousand military and civilian compounds. Floods struck Jiangling, Changde, De'an Prefecture, Fu, Yue, Li, and Hanyang Circuit. On wuwu, mountain torrents around Qimen County converged into a catastrophic flood, sweeping away six or seven tenths of crops, homes, tombs, mulberry, hemp, people, and livestock. Corpses floated in great numbers, and Fuliang County was also harmed. In the sixth month, floods collapsed homes in Jianning, Longxing Prefecture, Yuan, Fu, and Linjiang Circuit. In the seventh month, floods at Huangyan County ruined inundated fields. Poyang Lake overflowed into Poyang County, sweeping away homes and crops; some fled. On jiaxu in the fourth month of the sixteenth year, flash floods in Xinchang County, Shaoxing Prefecture, ruined crops, submerged fields, and swept away homes. On bingchen in the fifth month, mountain torrents in Yuan and Jing prefectures surged as far as Chenzhou; Changde's city stood one zhang five chi under water and homes were swept away. Severe floods at Tingzhou inundated more than one thousand five hundred homes and drowned three thousand people. Fenyi County suffered flooding. On dingsi the Bai River at Jiezhou overflowed and inundated the city's homes. On gengyin in the sixth month, five days of torrential rain flooded Zhenjiang Prefecture, inundating more than three thousand military and civilian compounds. On xinmao the southeastern rivers of Tongchuan Prefecture overflowed, breaching dikes, destroying bridges, and inundating homes; Fucheng, Zhongjiang, Shehong, Tongquan, and Qi counties saw fields and dwellings submerged.
34
紹熙二年三月,甯化縣連水漂廬舍、田畝,溺死二十餘人。 五月戊申,建甯州水。 己酉,福州水,浸附郭民廬,懷安、候官縣漂千三百餘家,古田、閩清縣亦壞田廬。 庚午,利州東江溢。 壞堤、田、廬舍。 辛未,潼川府東、南江溢; 六月戊寅,又溢,再壞堤橋,水入城,沒廬舍七百四十餘家,郪、涪、射洪、通泉縣匯田爲江者千餘畝。 七月癸亥,嘉陵江暴溢,興州圮城門、郡獄、官舍凡十七所,漂民居三千四百九十餘,潼川崇慶府、綿、果、合、金、龍、漢州、懷安、石泉、大安軍魚關皆水。 時上流西蕃界古松州江水暴溢,龍州敗橋閣五百余區,江油縣溺死者衆。 三年五月壬辰,常德府大雨水,浸民田廬。 乙未,潼川府東、南江溢,後六日又溢,浸城外民廬,人徙於山。 己亥,池州大雨水連夕,青陽縣山水暴湧,漂田廬殺人,蓋藏無遺; 貴池縣亦水。 庚子,涇縣大雨水,敗堤,圮縣治、廬舍。 六月辛丑,建平縣水,敗堤入城,漂浸民廬。 甲戌,祁門縣水。 七月壬申,天臺、仙居縣大水連夕,漂浸民居五百六十余,壞田傷稼。 襄陽、江陵府大雨水,漢江溢,敗堤防,圮民廬、沒田稼者逾旬,復州、荊門軍水亦如之。 鎮江府三縣水,損下地之稼。 四年四月,上高縣水,浸二百餘家。 五月壬申、癸酉,奉新縣大雷雨、水,漂浸八百二十餘家。 五月辛未、丙子,鎮江府大雨水,浸營壘六千余區。 戊寅,安豐軍大水,平地三丈余,漂田廬,絲麥皆空。 是月,諸暨、蕭山、宣城、甯國縣大水,壞田稼。 廣德軍屬縣水害稼。 筠州水浸民廬。 戊寅,進賢縣水,圮百二十餘家。 六月丙申,興國軍水,池口鎮及大冶縣漂民廬,有溺死者。 戊戌,靖安縣水,漂三百二十餘家。 是夏,江、贛州、江陵府亦水。 七月乙酉,豐城縣水,壬午,臨江軍水,皆圮民廬。 丁亥,新淦縣漂浸二千三百餘家。 八月辛丑,隆興府水,圮千二百七十餘家。 吉州水,漂浸民廬及泰和縣官舍。 自夏及秋,江西九州三十七縣皆水。 是歲,興化軍大風激海濤,漂沒田廬尤多。 五年五月辛未,石埭、貴池、涇縣皆水,圮民廬,溺死者衆。 是月,泰州大水。 七月壬申,慈溪縣水,漂民廬,決田害稼,人多溺死。 乙亥,會稽、山陰、蕭山、余姚、上虞縣大風駕海濤,壞堤,傷田稼。 八月辛丑,錢塘、臨安、新城、富陽、於潛縣大雨水,余杭縣尤甚,漂沒田廬,死者無算。 安吉縣水,平地丈餘。 平江、鎮江、甯國府、明、台、溫、嚴、常州、江陰軍皆水。 是秋。 武陵縣江溢,圮田廬甚衆。
In the third month of the second year of Shaoxi, repeated floods in Ninghua County swept away homes and fields and drowned more than twenty people. On wushen in the fifth month, Jianning prefecture flooded. On jiyou, floods at Fuzhou inundated suburban homes; more than one thousand three hundred households were swept away in Huai'an and Houguan counties, and Gutian and Minqing counties also lost fields and homes. On gengwu the eastern river of Lizhou overflowed. Dikes, fields, and dwellings were ruined. On xinwei the eastern and southern rivers of Tongchuan Prefecture overflowed; On wuyin in the sixth month the rivers overflowed again, destroying dikes and bridges once more; waters entered the city and submerged more than seven hundred forty homes; in Qi, Fu, Shehong, and Tongquan counties more than one thousand mu of farmland became river. On guihai in the seventh month the Jialing River burst its banks. At Xingzhou seventeen sites—the city gates, prefectural prison, and government buildings—collapsed, and more than three thousand four hundred ninety homes were swept away. Floods also struck Tongchuan, Chongqing Prefecture, Mian, Guo, He, Jin, Long, and Han prefectures, Huai'an, Shiquan, and Yuguan in Da'an Circuit. Meanwhile upstream on the western Tibetan border the Gusong prefecture river surged without warning. Longzhou lost more than five hundred bridges and trestleworks, and drowning casualties were heavy in Jiangyou County. On renchen in the fifth month of the third year, torrential rains flooded Changde Prefecture, inundating farms and homes. On yiwei the eastern and southern rivers of Tongchuan Prefecture overflowed. Six days later they rose again, flooding homes beyond the walls, and people fled to the hills. On jihai, Chizhou was lashed by rain through the night. Mountain torrents burst upon Qingyang County, sweeping away fields and homes, killing people, and leaving storehouses utterly bare; Guichi County flooded as well. On gengzi, heavy rains at Jing County breached the dikes and collapsed the county seat and private homes. On xinchou in the sixth month, floods at Jianping County broke the dikes, poured into the town, and swept or soaked countless homes. On jiaxu, Qimen County suffered flooding. On renshen in the seventh month, Tiantai and Xianju counties were inundated night after night; more than five hundred sixty homes were swept away or submerged, and fields and crops were ruined. Torrential rains struck Xiangyang and Jiangling prefectures as the Han overflowed, breaching dikes and collapsing homes; submerged crops lasted more than ten days. Fuzhou and Jingmen Circuit suffered likewise. Floods in three counties of Zhenjiang Prefecture ruined the harvest on low ground. In the fourth month of the fourth year, flooding at Shanggao County inundated more than two hundred households. On renshen and guiyou in the fifth month, thunderstorms and floods struck Fengxin County, sweeping or soaking more than eight hundred twenty households. On xinwei and bingzi in the fifth month, torrential rain flooded Zhenjiang Prefecture, inundating more than six thousand military compounds. On wuyin, Anfeng Circuit was deluged to more than three zhang on flat ground. Fields and homes were swept away, and the silk and wheat crops were wiped out. That month severe floods in Zhuji, Xiaoshan, Xuancheng, and Ningguo counties ruined the harvest. Floods in the counties under Guangde Circuit damaged the crops. Floods at Yunzhou inundated people's homes. On wuyin, flooding at Jinxian County collapsed more than one hundred twenty households. On bingshen in the sixth month, floods struck Xingguo Circuit, sweeping away homes at Chikou town and in Daye County; some drowned. On wuxu, flooding at Jing'an County swept away more than three hundred twenty households. That summer Jiang, Gan, and Jiangling prefectures flooded as well. On yiyou in the seventh month Fengcheng County flooded; on renwu Linjiang Circuit did likewise—civilian homes collapsed in both places. On dinghai, floods at Xingan County swept or soaked more than two thousand three hundred households. On xinchou in the eighth month, flooding at Longxing Prefecture collapsed more than one thousand two hundred seventy households. Floods at Jizhou swept or soaked homes and the government buildings of Taihe County. From summer through autumn, floods covered all nine prefectures and thirty-seven counties of Jiangxi. That year a great gale at Xinghua Circuit drove the sea inland, sweeping away an especially large number of fields and homes. On xinwei in the fifth month of the fifth year, Shidi, Guichi, and Jing counties flooded, homes collapsed, and drowning casualties were heavy. That month Taizhou was severely flooded. On renshen in the seventh month, floods at Cixi County swept away homes, breached fields, ruined the crops, and drowned many. On yihai, a gale drove sea surge through Kuaiji, Shanyin, Xiaoshan, Yuyao, and Shangyu counties, destroying dikes and damaging the harvest. On xinchou in the eighth month, torrential rains struck Qiantang, Lin'an, Xincheng, Fuyang, and Yuqian counties, worst of all at Yuhang, sweeping away fields and homes with casualties beyond count. Anji County flooded to more than one zhang on flat ground. Floods struck Pingjiang, Zhenjiang, Ningguo Prefecture, Mingzhou, Taizhou, Wenzhou, Yanzhou, Changzhou, and Jiangyin Circuit. That autumn, the river overflowed at Wuling County, collapsing a great many fields and homes.
35
慶元元年六月壬申,台州及屬縣大風雨,山洪、海濤並作,漂沒田廬無算,死者蔽川,漂沉旬日。 至於七月甲寅,黃岩縣水尤甚。 常平使者莫漳以緩於振恤,坐免。 七月,臨安府水。 二年秋,浙東郡國大水。 三年九月,紹興府屬縣二婺州屬縣二,水害稼,五年秋,台、溫衢、婺水,漂民廬,人多溺死,衢守張經以匿災吝振坐黜。 六年五月,建甯府、嚴、衢、婺、饒、信、徽、南劍州及江西郡縣皆大水,自庚午至於甲戌,漂民廬,害稼。
On renshen in the sixth month of the first year of Qingyuan, wind and rain lashed Taizhou and its counties as mountain torrents and sea surge struck together. Countless fields and homes were swept away; corpses choked the streams, drifting and sinking for ten days. By jiayin in the seventh month flooding at Huangyan County was especially severe. Ever-Normal Granary commissioner Mo Zhang was dismissed for delaying disaster relief. In the seventh month Lin'an Prefecture flooded. That autumn of the second year, eastern Zhe was widely inundated. In the ninth month of the third year floods harmed crops in two Shaoxing counties and two Wuzhou counties. In the autumn of the fifth year Taizhou, Wenzhou, Quzhou, and Wuzhou flooded, sweeping away homes and drowning many. Quzhou prefect Zhang Jing was dismissed for concealing the disaster and withholding relief. In the fifth month of the sixth year great floods struck Jianning Prefecture, Yan, Qu, Wu, Rao, Xin, Hui, Nanjian, and Jiangxi generally. From gengwu to jiaxu homes were swept away and crops ruined.
36
嘉泰二年七月丙午,上杭縣水,圮田廬,壞稼,民多溺死。 建安縣漂軍民廬舍百二十餘,山摧,覆民廬七十七家,溺壓死者六十余。 丁未,長溪縣漂民廬二百八十餘家。 古田縣漂官舍、民廬甚衆,溺死者二百七十。 劍浦縣圮二百五十余家,死者亦衆。 三年四月,江南郡邑水害稼。
On bingwu in the seventh month of the second year of Jiatai, floods at Shanghang County collapsed fields and homes, ruined the harvest, and drowned many. At Jian'an County floods swept away more than one hundred twenty military and civilian buildings. Landslides buried seventy-seven homes, and more than sixty perished by drowning or crushing. On dingwei, floods at Changxi County swept away more than two hundred eighty households. Gutian County lost a great many government buildings and homes to the flood; two hundred seventy drowned. More than two hundred fifty households collapsed at Jianpu County, and casualties were likewise heavy. In the fourth month of the third year, floods in Jiangnan towns and prefectures damaged the crops.
37
嘉定二年五月己亥,連州大水,敗城郭百餘丈,沒官舍、郡庠、民廬,壞田畝聚落甚多。 六月辛酉,西和州水,沒長道縣治、倉庫。 丙子,昭化縣水,沒縣治,漂民廬。 成州水,入城,圮壘舍。 同谷縣及遂寧府、閬州皆水。 七月壬辰,台州大風雨激海濤,漂圮二千二百八十餘家,溺死尤衆。 三年四月甲子,新城縣大水。 五月,嚴、衢、婺徽州、富陽、余杭、鹽官、新城、諸暨、淳安大雨水,溺死者衆,圮田廬、市郭,首種皆腐。 行都大水,浸廬舍五千三百,禁旅壘舍之在城外者半沒,西湖溢。 四年七月辛酉,慈溪縣大水,圮田廬,人多溺者。 八月,山陰縣海敗堤,漂民田數十里,斥地十萬畝。 五年五月庚戌,嚴州水。 六月丁丑,台州及建德、諸暨、會稽縣水,壞田廬。 六年六月丁丑,淳安縣山湧暴水,陷清泉寺,漂五鄉田廬百八十里,溺死者無算,巨木皆拔。 丁亥,于潛縣大水。 戊子,諸暨縣風雷大雨,山湧暴作,漂十鄉田廬,溺死者尤多。 錢塘縣、臨安、余杭、于潛、安吉縣皆水。 九年五月,行都及紹興府、嚴、衢、婺、台、處、信、饒、福、漳、泉州、興化軍大水,漂田廬,害稼。 十年冬,浙江濤溢,圮廬舍,覆舟,溺死甚衆。 蜀、漢二州江沒城郭。 十一年六月戊申,武康、吉安縣大水,漂官舍、民廬,壞田稼,人畜死者甚衆。 十二年,鹽官縣海失故道,潮汐沖平野三十餘里,至是侵縣治,廬州港瀆及上下管、黃灣岡等場皆圮。 蜀山淪入海中,聚落、田疇失其半,壞四郡田。 後六年始平。 十四年,建康府大水。 十五年七月,蕭山縣大水。 時久雨,衢、婺、徽、嚴暴流與江濤合,圮田廬,害稼。 十六年五月,江、浙、淮、荊、蜀郡縣水,平江府、湖、常、秀、池、鄂、楚、太平州、廣德軍爲甚,漂民廬,害稼,圮城郭、堤防,溺死者衆。 鄂州江湖合漲,城市沉沒,累月不泄。 是秋,江溢,圮民廬。 余杭、錢塘、仁和縣大水。 福、漳、泉州、興化軍水壞稼十五六。 十七年五月,福建大水,漂水口鎮民廬皆盡,候官縣甘蔗砦漂數百家,人多溺死; 建甯府沒平政橋,入城; 南劍州圮郡治、城樓、郡獄、官舍,城壞,民避水樓上者皆死。 乙卯,建昌軍大水,城不沒者三板,漂民廬,圮官舍、城郭、橋樑,害稼。
On jihai in the fifth month of the second year of Jiading, Lianzhou was deluged, breaching more than one hundred zhang of wall, submerging government buildings, the prefectural school, and homes, and ruining vast tracts of farmland and settlements. On xinyou in the sixth month, floods at Xihe prefecture submerged the Changdao county seat and its storehouses. On bingzi, flooding at Zhaohua County submerged the county seat and swept away homes. Floods at Chengzhou poured into the city and collapsed the barracks. Tonggu County, Suining Prefecture, and Langzhou all flooded. On renchen in the seventh month, wind and rain at Taizhou drove the sea inland, destroying more than two thousand two hundred eighty households; drowning casualties were especially heavy. On jiazi in the fourth month of the third year, Xincheng County was severely flooded. In the fifth month torrential rains struck Yan, Qu, Wu, Huizhou, Fuyang, Yuhang, Yanguan, Xincheng, Zhuji, and Chun'an. Many drowned, fields, homes, and market towns collapsed, and the first planting rotted entirely. The mobile capital was inundated, flooding five thousand three hundred dwellings, submerging half the imperial guard compounds outside the walls, and causing West Lake to overflow. On xinyou in the seventh month of the fourth year, severe flooding at Cixi County collapsed fields and homes and drowned many. In the eighth month the sea broke Shanyin County's dikes, sweeping away farmland for miles and salinizing one hundred thousand mu. On gengxu in the fifth month of the fifth year, Yanzhou flooded. On dingchou in the sixth month, floods at Taizhou and in Jiande, Zhuji, and Kuaiji counties ruined fields and homes. On dingchou in the sixth month of the sixth year, a mountain torrent burst upon Chun'an County, swallowing Qingquan Temple and sweeping away fields and homes across five townships for one hundred eighty li. Casualties were beyond count and great trees were uprooted. On dinghai, Yuqian County was severely flooded. On wuzi, wind, thunder, and torrential rain struck Zhuji County as mountain floods burst out, sweeping away ten townships' fields and homes; drowning casualties were especially heavy. Qiantang County, Lin'an, Yuhang, Yuqian, and Anji counties all flooded. In the fifth month of the ninth year the mobile capital, Shaoxing Prefecture, Yan, Qu, Wu, Tai, Chu, Xin, Rao, Fu, Zhang, and Quan prefectures, and Xinghua Circuit were inundated, sweeping away fields and homes and ruining the crops. That winter the Qiantang bore overflowed, collapsing homes, capsizing boats, and drowning many. Rivers at Shu and Han prefectures submerged the cities. On wushen in the sixth month of the eleventh year, severe floods at Wukang and Ji'an counties swept away government buildings and homes, ruined the crops, and killed many people and livestock. In the twelfth year the sea at Yanguan County abandoned its old channel; tides scoured more than thirty li of farmland and now reached the county seat. Harbors and canals at Luzhou and salt stations such as Shangxia guan and Huangwan gang all collapsed. Shushan was swallowed by the sea, settlements and farmland lost half their extent, and crops across four prefectures were ruined. Six years passed before the waters subsided. In the fourteenth year Jiankang Prefecture was severely flooded. In the seventh month of the fifteenth year Xiaoshan County was deluged. Prolonged rains sent flash floods from Qu, Wu, Hui, and Yan to meet the Yangtze surge, collapsing fields and homes and ruining the harvest. In the fifth month of the sixteenth year floods struck Jiang, Zhe, Huai, Jing, and Shu, worst at Pingjiang Prefecture, Huzhou, Changzhou, Xiuzhou, Chizhou, Ezhou, Chuzhou, Taiping, and Guangde Circuit. Homes were swept away, crops ruined, walls and dikes collapsed, and drowning casualties were heavy. At Ezhou rivers and lakes rose together, submerging the city, which did not drain for months. That autumn the river overflowed and homes collapsed. Yuhang, Qiantang, and Renhe counties were severely flooded. Floods at Fu, Zhang, and Quan prefectures and Xinghua Circuit ruined fifteen or sixteen tenths of the harvest. In the fifth month of the seventeenth year severe floods struck Fujian, wiping out Shuikou town and sweeping away several hundred households at Ganzhe stockade in Houguan County; many drowned; waters submerged Pingzheng Bridge and poured into Jianning city; At Nanjian the prefectural seat, gate tower, prison, and government buildings collapsed and the city was ruined; everyone who fled upstairs to escape the flood perished. On yimao, Jianchang Circuit was inundated until only three plank courses of the wall stood above water. Homes were swept away, government buildings, walls, and bridges collapsed, and crops were ruined.
38
紹定二年,天臺、仙居縣大水。 四年,沿江水災。
In the second year of Shaoding, Tiantai and Xianju counties were severely flooded. In the fourth year floods struck along the Yangtze.
39
端平三年三月辛酉,蘄州大雨水,漂民居。 是年,英德府、昭州及襄、漢江皆大水。
On xinyou in the third month of the third year of Duanping, torrential rains at Qizhou swept away homes. That year Yingde Prefecture, Shaozhou, and the Xiang and Han rivers were all severely flooded.
40
嘉熙元年,饒、信州水。 二年,浙江溢。
In the first year of Jiaxi, Rao and Xin prefectures flooded. In the second year the Qiantang bore overflowed.
41
淳祐二年,紹興府、處、婺州水。 七年,福建水。 十年,嚴州水。 十一年八月甲辰,汀州山水暴至,漂人民。 九月,江陵水。 是年,江、浙多水,饒州亦水。 十二年六月,建甯府、嚴、衢、婺、信、台、處、南劍州、邵武軍大水,冒城郭,漂室廬,死者以萬數。
In the second year of Chunyou, Shaoxing Prefecture, Chuzhou, and Wuzhou flooded. In the seventh year Fujian flooded. In the tenth year Yanzhou flooded. On jiachen in the eighth month of the eleventh year, a mountain torrent burst upon Tingzhou and swept people away. In the ninth month Jiangling flooded. That year floods were widespread in Jiang and Zhe; Raozhou flooded as well. In the sixth month of the twelfth year great floods struck Jianning Prefecture, Yan, Qu, Wu, Xin, Tai, Chu, Nanjian, and Shaowu Circuit, overtopping walls, sweeping away homes, and killing tens of thousands.
42
寶祐元年七月,溫、台、處、信、饒州大水。
In the seventh month of the first year of Baoyou (1253), Wen, Tai, Chu, Xin, and Rao prefectures suffered major floods.
43
開慶元年五月己未,婺州水,漂民廬。 是歲,滁、嚴州水。
On the day jiwei in the fifth month of the first year of Kaiqing (1259), floods in Wuzhou swept away people's homes. That year, Chu and Yan prefectures suffered flooding.
44
景定二年,浙東水。
In the second year of Jingding (1261), eastern Zhejiang suffered flooding.
45
鹹淳六年五月,大雨水。 七年五月甲申,諸暨縣大水,漂廬舍。 是月,重慶府江水泛溢者三,漂城壁,壞樓櫓。 十年三月,廬州水。 四月,紹興府大雨水。 八月,臨安府水,安吉、武康縣水。
In the fifth month of the sixth year of Xianchun (1270), heavy rains and flooding struck. On the day jiashen in the fifth month of the seventh year (1271), major floods in Zhuji County swept away homes. That month, the river in Chongqing Prefecture overflowed three times, sweeping away city walls and destroying watchtowers. In the third month of the tenth year (1274), Luzhou suffered flooding. In the fourth month, Shaoxing Prefecture suffered heavy rains and flooding. In the eighth month, Lin'an Prefecture flooded, as did Anji and Wukang counties.
46
太平興國四年八月,滑州黎陽縣河清。
In the eighth month of the fourth year of Taiping Xingguo (979), the river in Liyang County, Huazhou, ran clear.
47
端拱元年二月,澶、濮二州河清二百餘里。
In the second month of the first year of Duangong (988), the rivers in Chan and Pu prefectures ran clear for more than two hundred li.
48
大中祥符三年十一月丁酉,陝西河清。 十二月乙巳,河再清,當汾水合流處清如汾水。
On the day dingyou in the eleventh month of the third year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1010), the river in Shaanxi ran clear. On the day yisi in the twelfth month, the river ran clear again; where it meets the Fen River it was as clear as the Fen itself.
49
元豐四年十月,環州河水變甘。
In the tenth month of the fourth year of Yuanfeng (1081), the river water in Huanzhou turned sweet.
50
大觀元年八月,乾寧軍河清。 二年十二月,陝州河清,同州韓城縣、郃陽縣至清及百里,涉春不變。 自是迄政和、宣和,諸路數奏河清,輒遣郎官致祭,宰臣等率百官拜表賀,歲以爲常。
In the eighth month of the first year of Daguan (1107), the river in Qianning Army ran clear. In the twelfth month of the second year (1108), the river in Shanzhou ran clear; in Hancheng and Heyang counties in Tongzhou the clear stretch extended a hundred li and persisted unchanged through spring. From then until the Zhenghe and Xuanhe reigns, circuits repeatedly reported a clear river; each time a court gentleman was dispatched to offer sacrifice, and the chief ministers led the officials in congratulatory memorials—until it became an annual routine.
51
熙寧元年五月,京師開化坊醴泉出。
In the fifth month of the first year of Xining (1068), a sweet spring appeared in Kaihua ward in the capital.
52
政和五年正月,河陽臺觀醴泉出。
In the first month of the fifth year of Zhenghe (1115), a sweet spring appeared at the terrace-shrine in Heyang.