1
禮二十二 〈（賓禮四）〉
Rites 22 (Guest Rites IV)
2
○錄周後錄先聖後群臣朝使宴餞朝臣時節饋廩外國君長來朝契丹夏國使副見辭儀高麗附金國使副見辭儀諸國朝貢
○ Records of the Zhou succession; records of the sage's line; rites for ministers at court and on mission; farewell banquets; seasonal provisions for officials; audiences with foreign rulers; Khitan and Xia envoy reception and farewell protocols; Goryeo and Jin-affiliated envoy protocols; tribute from the various states
3
昔周滅殷，封微子為殷後，俾修其禮物，作賓於王家，與國鹹休。 宋以柴周之後為二恪，又錄孔子之後，亦先王崇德象賢之意也，故皆為賓禮。 其餘則有朝使之宴餞、歲時之廩饋及外國之使聘、遠方之朝貢，著其迓餞宴賚之式，登降揖遜之儀，備一代之製焉。
When the Zhou overthrew the Yin, they enfeoffed Weizi as heir to the Yin line, charged him with preserving its ritual regalia, and received him at court as an honored guest so that he might share in the dynasty's prosperity. The Song honored the Chai line of the Later Zhou as one of the two Ke successors and likewise enrolled Confucius's descendants, in keeping with the ancient ideal of revering virtue and holding up worthy exemplars; all of these arrangements belong under guest rites. The chapter also covers farewell feasts for departing envoys, seasonal grain gifts to officials, foreign embassies, and distant tribute missions, codifying how guests were received, entertained, and sent off, together with the full etiquette of movement and obeisance, so that the guest rites of the dynasty might be complete.
4
仁宗天聖六年，錄故虢州防禦使柴貴子肅為三班奉職。 七年，錄故太子少傅柴守禮孫詠為三班奉職。 其後，又錄柴氏之後曰熙、曰愈、曰若拙、曰上善並為三班奉職，曰餘慶、曰織為州長史、助教，曰貽廓等十一人復其身，仍各賜錢一萬。 又錄世宗曾孫揆、柔及貴曾孫日宣、守禮曾孫若訥皆為三班奉職。
In 1028, Emperor Renzong enrolled Su, son of the late Defender of Guo Prefecture Chai Gui, as a Third Class Attendant. The following year, Yong, grandson of the late Junior Tutor to the Heir Apparent Chai Shouli, received the same appointment. Later, Xi, Yu, Ruozhuo, and Shangshan of the Chai line were enrolled as Third Class Attendants; Yuqing and Zhi were appointed prefectural senior recorder and assistant instructor; Yikuang and eleven others were restored to commoner standing, each receiving ten thousand cash besides. Shizong's great-grandsons Kui and Rou, Gui's great-grandson Rixuan, and Shouli's great-grandson Ruone were enrolled as Third Class Attendants as well.
5
嘉祐四年，著作郎何鬲言：“昔舜受堯、禹受舜之天下，而封丹朱、商均以為國賓。 周、漢以降，以及於唐，莫不崇奉先代，延及苗裔。 本朝受周天下，而近代之盛莫如唐，自梁以下，皆不足以崇襲。 臣願考求唐、周之裔，以備二王之後，授以爵命，封縣立廟，世世承襲，永為國賓。 ”事下太常議，曰：“古者立二王後，不惟繼絕，兼取其明德可法。 五代草創，載祀不永，文章制度，一無可考。 上取唐室，世數已遠，於經不合。 惟周則我受禪之所自，義不可廢。 宜訪求子孫，如孔子後衍聖公，授一京官，爵以公號，使專奉廟饗，歲時存問，賜之粟帛、牲器、祭服。 每遇時祀，並從官給，其廟宇亦加嚴飾。 如此，則上不失繼絕之義，度之於今，亦簡而易行。 ”從之。 四月，詔曰：“先王推紹天之序，尚尊賢之義，褒其後嗣，賓以殊禮，豈非聖人稽古報功之大典哉？ 國家受命之元，繼周而王，雖民靈欣戴，曆數允集，而虞賓將遜，德美丕顯。 頃者推命本始，褒及支庶，每遇南郊，許奏白身一名充班行，恩則厚矣，而義未稱。 將上采姚、姒之舊，略循周、漢之典，詳其世嫡，優以公爵，異其仕進之路，申以土田之錫，俾廟寢有奉，饗祀不輟，庶幾乎《春秋》通三統、厚先代之製矣。 宜令有司取柴氏譜係，於諸房中推最長一人，令歲時親奉周室祀事。 如白身，即與京主簿，如為班行者，即比類換文資，仍封崇義公，與河南府、鄭州合入差遣，給公田十頃，專管勾陵廟。 應緣祭饗禮料所須，皆從官給。 如至知州資序，即別與差遣，卻取以次近親，令襲爵授官，永為定式。 ”八月，太常禮院定到內殿崇班、相州兵馬都監柴詠於柴氏諸族最長，詔換殿中丞，封崇義公，簽書奉寧軍節度判官事，以奉周祀。 又以六廟在西京，而歲時祭饗無器服之數，令有司以三品服一、四品服二及所當用祭器給之。
In 1059, Composition Gentleman He Ge memorialized: "When Shun received the realm from Yao and Yu from Shun, they still enfeoffed Danzhu and Shangjun as honored guests of the state. From the Zhou and Han through the Tang, every dynasty honored its predecessors and extended that regard to their surviving lines. Our dynasty received the mandate from the Later Zhou, yet among recent dynasties none rivaled the Tang; from the Liang onward, none merits comparable honor. I propose that we search out the lines of Tang and Zhou, appoint successors to the two honored royal houses, grant titles and offices, assign counties and establish temples, and let the lines inherit in perpetuity as permanent guests of the state. " The memorial was referred to the Directorate of Ceremonies, which replied: "The ancient institution of the two royal successors served not only to continue a broken line but to hold up their bright virtue as a model. The Five Dynasties were ephemeral foundations whose rites scarcely endured and whose institutions offer nothing worth emulating. Elevating the Tang would place the succession too many generations removed and would not accord with classical precedent. Only the Zhou is the dynasty from which we received the abdicated throne; on principle its line cannot be set aside. We should seek out Zhou descendants and, following the precedent of the Duke Who Extends Sageliness in Confucius's line, appoint one to a capital office with a ducal title, charge him solely with maintaining the ancestral temple, send seasonal inquiries, and supply grain, silk, sacrificial animals, vessels, and vestments. At each seasonal sacrifice the state should furnish all requirements, and the temple buildings should receive dignified upkeep. Thus the court would not fail in the duty to continue a broken line, and measured against present circumstances the arrangement would be simple and practicable. " The court approved the proposal. In the fourth month an edict declared: "The former kings upheld Heaven's order, honored the worthy, rewarded their descendants, and received them with exceptional guest rites—is this not the great canon by which the sages looked to antiquity and repaid merit? When our dynasty first received the mandate, succeeding the Zhou as sovereign, the people rejoiced and the times aligned, yet the honored guest of Yu was yielding the throne, and his virtue shone all the more brightly. Recently, in tracing the mandate to its source, favor was extended to collateral lines of the Zhou house; at each Southern Suburban Sacrifice one commoner was permitted to enter court service—the kindness was generous, yet it did not fully meet the proper standard. We shall look to the ancient precedents of Yao and Si, follow in outline the Zhou and Han institutions, identify the direct heir, bestow a ducal title, set apart his path of advancement, grant lands and fields, ensure that the ancestral temple has support and sacrifices continue without interruption, and thereby approach the 《Spring and Autumn Annals》 ideal of linking the three successions and honoring former dynasties. Let the relevant offices obtain the Chai genealogy, select the eldest member among the branches, and charge him each year to perform the Zhou ancestral sacrifices in person. If he holds no office, appoint him Capital Registrar; if he already serves in the court ranks, convert his appointment to a civil post; enfeoff him as Duke of Chongyi; assign him jointly with Henan and Zheng prefectures; grant ten qing of ducal land; and charge him solely with overseeing the Zhou imperial tombs and temples. All materials required for sacrificial offerings shall be furnished by the state. When the incumbent reaches prefectural rank, assign him another post and have the next nearest collateral relative inherit the title and office, establishing this as the permanent rule. " In the eighth month the Directorate of Ceremonies identified Inner Hall Honored Companion and Xiang Prefecture Military Commissioner Chai Yong as the eldest of the Chai line; the court promoted him to Palace Vice Director, enfeoffed him as Duke of Chongyi, and assigned him to sign as military commissioner of Fengning Circuit to maintain the Zhou sacrifices. Because the six ancestral temples stood in the Western Capital and the seasonal sacrifices lacked prescribed vestments and vessels, the relevant offices were ordered to supply one third-rank robe, two fourth-rank robes, and the requisite sacrificial implements.
6
熙寧四年，西京留司御史台司馬光言：“崇義公柴詠祭祀不以儀式。 周本郭姓，世宗後侄，為郭氏後。 今存周後，則宜封郭氏子孫以奉周祀。 ”帝閱奏，問王安石，安石曰：“宋受天下於世宗，柴氏也。 ”帝曰：“為人後者為之子。 ”安石曰：“為人後於異姓，非禮也。 雖受天下於郭氏，豈可以天下之故而易其姓氏所出？ ”帝然之。 五年正月，柴詠致仕。 詠長子早亡，嫡孫夷簡當襲。 太常禮院言夷簡有過，合以次子西頭供奉官若訥承襲。 詔以若訥為衛尉寺丞，襲封崇義公，簽書河南府判官廳公事。
In 1071, Western Capital Remaining Office Censorate Commissioner Sima Guang memorialized: "Duke of Chongyi Chai Yong does not conduct the sacrifices according to proper ritual form. The Later Zhou were originally of the Guo surname; Shizong adopted a nephew as heir, making him successor to the Guo line. If we are to preserve the Zhou succession, we ought to enfeoff descendants of the Guo line to maintain the Zhou sacrifices. " The emperor read the memorial and consulted Wang Anshi, who replied: "The Song received the realm from Shizong of the Chai line. " The emperor said: "One who becomes another's heir is reckoned as that person's son. " Anshi replied: "Becoming heir to a different surname is not proper ritual. Even though the realm was received from the Guo line, can possession of the empire alter the surname from which one sprang? " The emperor accepted this view. In the first month of 1072, Chai Yong retired from office. Yong's eldest son had died young; his legitimate grandson Yijian was the proper heir. The Directorate of Ceremonies reported that Yijian had committed offenses and that the second son, Western Head Attendant Ruone, ought to inherit instead. An edict appointed Ruone Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Entertainments, enfeoffed him as Duke of Chongyi, and assigned him to sign as recorder of the Henan Prefecture judicial commissioner's office.
7
政和八年，徽宗詔曰：“昔我藝祖受禪於周，嘉祐中擇柴氏旁支一名封崇義公。 議者謂不當封周。 然禪國者周，而三恪之封不及，禮蓋未盡。 除崇義公依舊外，擇柴氏最長見在者以其祖父為周恭帝後，以其孫世世為宣義郎，監周陵廟，與知縣請給，以示繼絕之仁，為國二恪，永為定製。”
In 1118, Emperor Huizong decreed: "Our dynastic founder received the abdication from the Later Zhou; during the Jiayou era a collateral branch of the Chai line was selected and enfeoffed as Duke of Chongyi. Critics argued that the Zhou line ought not to have been enfeoffed. Yet it was the Zhou who yielded the throne, and the honor of the three Ke did not extend to them—the rites were not yet complete. Apart from maintaining the Duke of Chongyi as before, select the eldest living Chai descendant whose grandfather was heir to Emperor Gong of Zhou, and let his descendants generation after generation serve as Gentleman of Propagating Righteousness, supervising the Zhou imperial tombs and temples with stipends equal to a prefect's—thus displaying the benevolence of continuing a broken line as one of the state's two Ke, permanently established.
8
紹興五年，詔周世宗玄孫柴叔夏為右承奉郎，襲封崇義公，奉周後。 二十六年，叔夏升知州資序，別與差遣。 以子國器襲封，令居衢州。 朝廷有大禮，則入侍祠如故事。 其柴大有、柴安宅亦各補官。
In 1135, an edict appointed Shizong's great-great-grandson Chai Shuxia Right Attendant for Presentation, enfeoffed him as Duke of Chongyi, and charged him with maintaining the Zhou succession. In 1156, Shuxia rose to prefectural rank and received a separate assignment. His son Guoqi inherited the title and was ordered to reside in Qu Prefecture. When the court held major ceremonies, he came to court to perform the sacrifices according to precedent. Chai Dayou and Chai Anzhai were also granted offices.
9
淳祐九年，又以世宗八世孫柴彥穎特補承務郎，襲封崇義公。
In 1249, Shizong's eighth-generation descendant Chai Yanying was specially appointed Attendant for Affairs and inherited the title of Duke of Chongyi.
10
時又求隋、唐及朱氏、李氏、石氏、劉氏、郭氏之後，及吳越、荊南、湖南、蜀漢諸國之子孫，皆命以官，使守其祀。 具見《本紀》、《世家》。
At that time the court also sought descendants of the Sui and Tang, and of the Zhu, Li, Shi, Liu, and Guo houses, together with descendants of Wuyue, Jingnan, Hunan, and Shuhan, appointing them to office to maintain their ancestral sacrifices. Full details appear in the 《Basic Annals》 and 《Hereditary Houses》.
11
錄先聖後，仁宗景祐二年，詔以孔子四十六世孫北海尉宗願為國子監主簿，襲封文宣公。 皇祐三年七月，詔曰：“國朝以來，世以孔氏子孫知仙源縣，使奉承廟祀。 近歲廢而不行，非所以尊先聖也。 宜以孔氏子孫知仙源縣事。”
Recording the sage's line: In 1035, Emperor Renzong appointed Confucius's forty-sixth-generation descendant Zongyuan, magistrate of Beihai, Registrar of the Directorate of Education and Duke of Literary Propagation. In the seventh month of 1051 an edict declared: "Since the founding of our dynasty, a Kong descendant has generation after generation governed Xianyuan County to maintain the temple sacrifices. In recent years this practice has lapsed, which is not the way to honor the sage. A Kong descendant should again govern Xianyuan County.
12
至和初，太常博士祖無擇言：“按前史，孔子後襲封者，在漢、魏曰褒成、褒尊、宗聖，在晉、宋曰奉聖，後魏曰崇聖，北齊曰恭聖，後周、隋並封鄒國，唐初曰褒聖，開元中，始追諡孔子為文宣王。 又以其後為文宣公，不可以祖諡而加後嗣。 ”遂詔有司定封宗願衍聖公，令世襲焉。
At the beginning of the Zhihe era, Erudite of the Directorate of Ceremonies Zu Wuzhe memorialized: "Earlier histories show that Confucius's heirs bore different enfeoffment titles in each age—Lord Who Extols Completion and Lord Who Extols Honor in Han and Wei, Lord Who Upholds Sageliness in Jin and Song, Lord Who Honors Sageliness in Later Wei, Lord Who Reveres Sageliness in Northern Qi; Later Zhou and Sui enfeoffed the state of Zou; early Tang used Lord Who Extols Sageliness; and in the Kaiyuan era Confucius was first posthumously titled King of Literary Propagation. His descendants were titled Duke of Literary Propagation, yet one cannot apply the ancestor's posthumous title to later heirs. " The court then ordered that Zongyuan be enfeoffed as Duke Who Extends Sageliness, the title to pass in perpetuity.
13
治平初，用京東提點王綱言，自今勿以孔氏子弟知仙源縣，其襲封人如無親屬在鄉里，令常任近便官，不得去家廟。 熙寧中，以四十八代孫若蒙為沂州新泰縣主簿，襲封。
At the beginning of the Zhiping era, adopting Eastern Capital Circuit Intendant Wang Gang's proposal, Kong descendants were no longer to govern Xianyuan County; if the title-holder had no relatives in the home district, he was to hold a nearby office permanently and might not leave the family temple. During the Xining era, the forty-eighth-generation descendant Ruomeng was appointed Registrar of Xintai County in Yi Prefecture and inherited the title.
14
元祐初，朝議大夫孔宗翰辭司農少卿，請依家世例知兗州以奉祀。 又言：“孔子後襲封疏爵，本為侍祠，今乃兼領他官，不在故郡。 請自今襲封者無兼他職，終身使在鄉里。 ”朝議依所請，命官以司其用度，立學以訓其子孫，襲封者專主祠事，增賜田百頃，供祭祀之餘許均贍族人。 其差墓戶並如舊法。 賜書，置教授一員，教諭其家子弟，鄉鄰或願學者聽。 改衍聖公為奉聖公，及刪定家祭冕服等制度頒賜之。 其後，通直郎孔宗壽等舉若蒙弟若虛襲封，仍請自今眾議擇承襲之人，不必子繼，庶幾留意祖廟，惇睦族人。
At the beginning of the Yuanyou era, Court Gentleman for Discussion Kong Zonghan resigned as Vice Minister of the Directorate of Agriculture and requested, following family precedent, to govern Yan Prefecture and maintain the sacrifices. He added: "Confucius's heirs inherit a minor noble title originally intended for maintaining the sacrifices, yet they now hold other offices and are absent from their home commandery. Henceforth let title-holders hold no other offices and remain in their home district for life. " The court approved his request, appointed officials to manage expenditures, established a school to instruct descendants, charged the title-holder solely with temple affairs, granted an additional hundred qing of land, and permitted any surplus after sacrifices to be shared among clan members. The assignment of tomb households followed the old regulations as well. Books were granted, an instructor was appointed to teach the family's young men, and neighbors who wished to study were also welcome. The title Duke Who Extends Sageliness was changed to Duke Who Upholds Sageliness, and revised regulations for family sacrifices, coronets, and robes were issued. Later, Gentlemen for Direct Remonstrance Kong Zongshou and others recommended Ruomeng's younger brother Ruoxu to inherit the title and asked that henceforth the successor be chosen by collective deliberation rather than strict father-to-son succession, so that attention might remain on the ancestral temple and clan solidarity be preserved.
15
宣和三年，詔宣議郎孔端友襲封衍聖公，為通直郎、直秘閣，仍許就任關升，以示崇獎。 端友言：詔敕文宣王後與親屬一人判司簿尉，今孔若采當承繼推恩。 詔補迪功郎。
In 1121, an edict had Gentleman of Propagating Righteousness Kong Duanyou inherit the title Duke Who Extends Sageliness, appointed him Gentlemen for Direct Remonstrance and Direct Attendant of the Secret Archive, and permitted advancement upon taking office as a mark of honor. Duanyou reported that edicts granted one relative of the King of Literary Propagation a post as recorder or assistant magistrate, and that Kong Ruocai was the proper heir to that favor. An edict appointed him Gentleman for Meritorious Achievement.
16
高宗紹興二年，以四十九代孫孔玠襲封衍聖公。 其後，以搢、以文遠、以萬春、以洙，終宋世，皆襲封主祀事。
In 1132, Emperor Gaozong had the forty-ninth-generation descendant Kong Jie inherit the title Duke Who Extends Sageliness. Thereafter Jin, Wenyuan, Wanchun, and Zhu inherited in succession; through the end of the Song dynasty, each inherited the title and presided over the sacrifices.
17
群臣朝覲出使宴餞之儀。 太祖、太宗朝，藩鎮牧伯，沿五代舊制，入覲及被召、使回，客省齎簽賜酒食。 節度使十日，留後七日，觀察使五日。 代還，節度使五日，留後三日，觀察一日，防禦使、團練使、刺史並賜生料。 節度使以私故到闕下，及步軍都虞候以上出使回者，亦賜酒食、熟羊。 群臣出使回朝，見日，麵賜酒食，中書、樞密、宣徽使、使相並樞密使伴； 三司使、學士、東宮三師、仆射、御史大夫、節度使並宣徽使伴。 兩省五品以上、侍御史、中丞、三司副使、東宮三少、尚書丞郎、卿監、上將軍、留後、觀察防禦團練使、刺史、宣慶宣政昭宣使並客省使伴； 少卿監、大將軍、諸司使以下任發運轉運提點刑獄、知軍州、通判、都監、巡檢回者即賜，並通事舍人伴； 客省、引進、四方館、閣門使並本廳就食。 群臣賀，賜衣； 奉慰，並特賜茶酒，或賜食外任遣人進奉，亦賜酒食，或生料。 自十月一日後盡正月，每五日起居，百官皆賜茶酒，諸軍分校三日一賜。 冬至、二社、重陽、寒食，樞密近臣、禁軍大校或賜宴其第及府署中，率以為常。
Rites for court ministers at audience, on foreign mission, and at farewell banquets. Under Taizu and Taizong, military governors followed Five Dynasties precedent: on arriving for audience, being summoned to court, or returning from mission, the Guest Reception Office delivered signed orders granting wine and food. Military commissioners received provisions for ten days, acting commissioners for seven, and observation commissioners for five. On returning after replacement, military commissioners received five days' provisions, acting commissioners three, observation commissioners one; defenders, training commissioners, and prefects all received raw provisions. Military commissioners who came to the capital on private business, and officers from Chief Commandant of the Foot Army upward returning from mission, also received wine, food, and cooked mutton. When ministers returned from mission and had their audience day, they received wine and food in person; Grand Councilors, Privy Councilors, Palace Service Commissioners, commissioners with diplomatic status, and Privy Councilors served as companions; Directors of the Three Departments, academicians, the Heir Apparent's three preceptors, vice premiers, Censor-in-Chief, and military commissioners were accompanied by Palace Service Commissioners. Fifth rank and above in the two departments, Attending Censor, Vice Censor-in-Chief, Vice Directors of the Three Departments, the Heir Apparent's three junior preceptors, ministry directors and vice directors, directors and supervisors, senior generals, acting commissioners, observation/defense/training commissioners, prefects, and Xuanqing/Xuanzheng/Zhaoxuan Commissioners were accompanied by Guest Reception Commissioners; Junior directors and supervisors, major generals, and officials below various commissioners who served as transport, circuit intendant, criminal investigation, military prefect, judicial commissioner, garrison commander, or patrol inspector received gifts immediately upon return, accompanied by Protocol Officers; Guest Reception, Introduction, Four Directions Hall, and Gate Commissioners dined in their own offices. When ministers offered congratulations, robes were granted; when offering condolences, tea and wine were specially granted; officials in external posts who sent envoys with tribute also received wine and food or raw provisions. From the first day of the tenth month through the first month, at every fifth-day court session all officials received tea and wine; the various armies received grants every three days by branch. At Winter Solstice, the two communal sacrifices, Double Ninth, and Cold Food Festival, privy councilors and senior forbidden-army officers were often granted banquets at their residences and offices, which became customary.
18
大中祥符五年，詔自今兩省五品、尚書省四品、諸司三品以上官，同列出使，並許醵錢餞飲，仍休假一日。 餘官有親屬僚友出行，任以休務日餞送。 故事，樞密、節度使、使相還朝，鹹賜宴於外苑。 見辭日，長春殿賜酒五行，仍設食，當直翰林龍圖閣學士以上、皇親、觀察使預坐。 八年四月，侍衛步軍副都指揮使王能自鎮定來朝，宴於長春殿。 閣門言：“舊制，節度使掌兵，無此禮例。 既赴坐，則殿前馬軍都校當侍立，於品秩非便。 ”遂令皆預位。
In 1012, an edict declared that officials of fifth rank and above in the two departments, fourth rank and above in the Ministry of Personnel, and third rank and above in the various commissions who departed on mission from the same roster might pool money for a farewell feast and receive one day of leave. Other officials whose relatives or colleagues traveled were permitted to see them off on days free from official duties. By precedent, when Privy Councilors, military commissioners, and commissioners with diplomatic status returned to court, they were granted banquets in the outer park. On the day of farewell audience, five rounds of wine were served in the Hall of Everlasting Spring with a meal, and on-duty Hanlin and Dragon Diagram Pavilion academicians and above, imperial clansmen, and observation commissioners were invited to attend. In the fourth month of the eighth year, Vice Commander-in-Chief of the Palace Step Army Wang Neng came to court from Zhending and was banqueted in the Hall of Everlasting Spring. The Gate Office reported: "Under the former regulations, military commissioners held command of troops and had no such ritual precedent. Once they were seated, the commander of the Palace Cavalry had to stand in attendance, which was awkward given rank and precedence. " The court then ordered that all take seats in advance.
19
中興，仍舊制。 凡宰相、樞密、執政、使相、節度、外國使見辭及來朝，皆賜宴內殿或都亭驛，或賜茶酒，並如儀。
During the Restoration, the former regulations remained in force. Whenever prime ministers, privy councilors, chief administrators, commissioners with diplomatic status, military commissioners, or foreign envoys took farewell audiences or came to court, they received banquets in the inner hall or at the Duyeting Station, or tea and wine, all according to protocol.
20
時節饋廩。 大中祥符五年十一月，以宰相王旦生日，詔賜羊三十口、酒五十壺、米麵各二十斛，令諸司供帳，京府具衙前樂，許宴其親友。 旦遂會近列及丞郎、給諫、修史屬官。 俄又賜樞密使副、參知政事羊三十口，酒三十壺、米麵各三十斛。 其後，以廢務非便，奏罷會，而賜如故。 又製：仆射、御史大夫、中丞、節度、留後、觀察、內客省使、權知開封府，正、至、寒食，並客省齎簽賜羊、酒、米、麵； 立春賜春盤； 寒食神餤、餳粥； 端午粽子； 伏日蜜沙冰； 重陽糕，並有酒； 三伏日，又五日一賜冰。 四廂及廂都指揮使，中書舍人，統軍，防禦、團練使，刺史，客省使，樞密都承旨，知銀台司、審刑院，三司勾院，諸司使，禁軍校、忠佐，海外諸蕃進奉領刺史以上，至寒食，並賜節料； 立春，奉內朝者皆賜幡勝。
Seasonal grain gifts. In the eleventh month of 1012, on Prime Minister Wang Dan's birthday, an edict granted thirty sheep, fifty jars of wine, and twenty hu each of rice and flour; the various offices supplied furnishings, the capital prefecture furnished music before the yamen, and he was permitted to host kin and friends at a banquet. Wang Dan then assembled his close colleagues, directors, gentlemen of attendance and remonstrance, and historiography staff. Shortly afterward the Vice Commissioner of the Privy Council and the Participation Councilor also received thirty sheep, thirty jars of wine, and thirty hu each of rice and flour. Later, because the gatherings disrupted official business, they memorialized to end the banquets while keeping the gifts unchanged. Further regulations were issued: Grand Counselors, the Censor-in-Chief, the Vice Censor-in-Chief, military commissioners, acting commissioners, observation commissioners, Commissioners of the Inner Reception Bureau, and acting Administrators of Kaifeng received sheep, wine, rice, and flour at New Year's, Winter Solstice, and Cold Food, delivered on signed lists from the Guest Reception Bureau; at Start of Spring, spring plates; at Cold Food, spirit cakes and malt syrup porridge; at Double Fifth, rice dumplings; at the start of the dog days, honey-sand ice; at Double Ninth, cakes, each with wine; during the three dog-day phases, ice was also granted every five days. Commanders of the four wings and wing commanders-in-chief, Secretariat drafters, army supervisors, defense and training commissioners, prefects, Guest Reception commissioners, the Privy Council chief receiver, directors of the Silver Terrace and Review offices, three-department audit commissioners, various bureau commissioners, forbidden-army officers and loyal aides, and overseas tribute envoys of prefectural rank and above all received seasonal provisions at Cold Food; at Start of Spring, all who attended the inner court received banner streamers.
21
元祐二年十一月冬至，詔賜禦筵於呂公著私第，遣中使賜上尊酒、香藥、果實、縷金花等，以禦飲器勸酒，遣教坊樂工，給內帑錢賜之。 及暮賜燭，傳宣令繼燭，皆異恩也。
On Winter Solstice in the eleventh month of 1087, the court granted an imperial banquet at Lü Gongzhu's private residence, sending palace envoys with imperial wine, incense and medicines, fruit, gold-thread flowers, and the like; imperial drinking vessels urged the toasts; Music Bureau performers performed; and funds from the inner treasury were granted. At evening they received candles, and an imperial message ordered more candles supplied—each an extraordinary favor.
22
紹興十三年十二月二十三日，高宗賜宰臣秦檜詔曰：“省所奏辭免生日賜宴。 朕聞賢聖之興必五百歲，君臣之遇蓋亦千載。 夫以不世之英，值難逢之會，則其始生之日，可不為天下慶乎！ 式燕樂衎，所以示慶也。 非喬嶽之神無以生申、甫，非宣王之能任賢無以致中興。 今日之事，不亦臣主俱榮哉？ 宜服異恩，毋守衝節。 所請宜不允。”
On the twenty-third day of the twelfth month of 1143, Emperor Gaozong granted Prime Minister Qin Hui an edict: "The ministry reports your request to decline a birthday banquet. I have heard that the rise of the worthy and sage comes once in five hundred years, and a meeting of ruler and minister once in a millennium. When a hero of the age meets an occasion that may never come again, should not the day of his birth be celebrated throughout the realm! A feast with music and ease is how the court shows its celebration. Without the spirit of lofty mountains there is no birth of Shen and Fu; without King Xuan's ability to employ the worthy there is no restoration. Is not today's affair a glory shared alike by ruler and minister? Accept this extraordinary favor; do not cling to excessive modesty. Your request is not granted.
23
宋朝之製，凡外國使至，及其君長來朝，皆宴於內殿，近臣及刺史、正郎、都虞候以上皆預。
Under Song regulations, whenever foreign envoys arrived or their rulers came to court, banquets were held in the inner hall, with close ministers and officials of prefectural rank, Regular Gentleman, and Chief Commandant and above in attendance.
24
太祖建隆元年八月三日，宴近臣於廣政殿，江南、吳越朝貢使皆預。 乾德三年五月十六日，宴近臣及孟昶於大明殿。 開寶四年五月七日，宴近臣及劉鋹於崇德殿。 十一月五日，江南李煜、吳越錢俶各遣子弟來朝，宴於崇德殿。 八年三月晦，宴契丹使於長春殿。
On the third day of the eighth month of the first year of Jianlong, close ministers were banqueted in the Hall of Broad Governance, with tribute envoys from Jiangnan and Wuyue in attendance. On the sixteenth day of the fifth month of the third year of Qiande, close ministers and Meng Chang were banqueted in the Hall of Great Brightness. On the seventh day of the fifth month of the fourth year of Kaibao, close ministers and Liu Chang were banqueted in the Hall of Honoring Virtue. On the fifth day of the eleventh month, Li Yu of Jiangnan and Qian Chu of Wuyue each sent sons to court and were banqueted in the Hall of Honoring Virtue. On the last day of the third month of the eighth year, Khitan envoys were banqueted in the Hall of Everlasting Spring.
25
太平興國二年二月十一日，宴兩浙進奉使、契丹國信使及李煜、劉鋹、禁軍都指揮使以上於崇德殿，不舉樂，酒七行而罷。 契丹遣使賀登極也。 五月十一日，再宴契丹使於崇德殿，酒九行而罷，以其貢助山陵也。 三年正月十六日，宴劉鋹、李煜、契丹使、諸國蕃客於崇德殿，以契丹使來賀正故也。 三月二十五日，吳越錢俶來朝，宴於長春殿，親王、宰相、節度使、劉鋹、李煜皆預。 十月十六日，宴宰相、親王以下及契丹使、高麗使、諸州進奉使於崇德殿，以乾明節罷大宴故也。 是後，宴外國使為常。
On the eleventh day of the second month of 977, tribute envoys from the two Zhejiangs, credentialed Khitan envoys, Li Yu, Liu Chang, and forbidden-army commanders-in-chief and above were banqueted in the Hall of Honoring Virtue without music; the banquet ended after seven rounds of wine. The Khitan had sent envoys to congratulate the accession. On the eleventh day of the fifth month, Khitan envoys were again banqueted in the Hall of Honoring Virtue; the banquet ended after nine rounds of wine because their tribute assisted with the imperial tomb. On the sixteenth day of the first month of the third year, Liu Chang, Li Yu, Khitan envoys, and foreign guests from the various states were banqueted in the Hall of Honoring Virtue because Khitan envoys had come to congratulate the New Year. On the twenty-fifth day of the third month, Qian Chu of Wuyue came to court and was banqueted in the Hall of Everlasting Spring, with imperial princes, prime ministers, military commissioners, Liu Chang, and Li Yu in attendance. On the sixteenth day of the tenth month, prime ministers, imperial princes and below, Khitan envoys, Goryeo envoys, and prefectural tribute envoys were banqueted in the Hall of Honoring Virtue because the great banquet for the Qianming Festival had been canceled. Thereafter, banquets for foreign envoys became routine.
26
其君長來朝，先遣使迎勞於候館，使者朝服稱製曰“奉制勞某主”，國主迎於門外，與使者俱入升階，使者執束帛，稱有制，國主北面再拜稽首受幣，又再拜稽首，以土物儐，使者再拜受。 國主送使者出，鴻臚引詣朝堂，所司奏聞，通事舍人承敕宣勞，再拜就館。 翌日，遣使戒見日如儀。 又次日，奉見於乾元殿，設黃麾仗及宮縣大樂。 典儀設國主位於縣南道西北向，又設其國諸官之位於其後。 所司迎引，國主服其國服，至明德門外，通事舍人引就位。 侍中奏中嚴，皇帝服通天冠、絳紗袍，出自西房，即御位。 典儀讚拜，國主再拜稽首。 侍中承製降勞，皆再拜稽首，敕升坐，又再拜稽首，至坐，俯伏避席。 侍中承製曰“無下拜”，國主復位。 次引其國諸官以次入，就位，再拜並如上儀。 侍中又承製勞還館，通事舍人引國主降，復位，再拜稽首，出。 其國諸官皆再拜，以次出。 侍中奏禮畢，皇帝降坐。 其錫宴與受諸國使表及幣皆有儀，具載《開寶通禮》。
When a foreign ruler came to court, envoys were first sent to welcome him at the guest lodge; the envoy wore court dress and, citing the imperial command, said, "By imperial command, I comfort Lord So-and-so." The ruler welcomed him outside the gate, and both entered and ascended the steps; the envoy held a bundle of silk, declared an imperial command, and the ruler faced north, bowed twice, touched his forehead to the ground, and received the gifts; he bowed twice again, touched his forehead to the ground, presented local products in return, and the envoy bowed twice to receive them. The ruler escorted the envoy out; the Director of Banquets led him to the court hall, the relevant office reported it, and the Protocol Gentleman, receiving the edict, announced comfort; he bowed twice and returned to the lodge. The next day, envoys announced the audience day according to protocol. On the following day they were received in audience at the Hall of Qianyuan, with yellow imperial guards arrayed and full palace music. The Master of Ceremonies placed the ruler's seat south of the music stands, facing northwest, and set seats for his state's officials behind him. The relevant office escorted him in; the ruler wore his state's dress, reached the outside of the Gate of Illustrious Virtue, and the Protocol Gentleman led him to his place. The Palace Attendant reported the inner vigil; the emperor wore the Tongtian crown and crimson gauze robe, came from the west chamber, and took the throne. The Master of Ceremonies intoned the bow; the ruler bowed twice and touched his forehead to the ground. The Palace Attendant, receiving the command, descended to comfort him; all bowed twice and touched their foreheads to the ground; he was ordered to ascend and be seated; they bowed twice again and touched their foreheads to the ground; upon reaching the seat they bowed low and left the mat. The Palace Attendant, receiving the command, said, "Do not descend to bow"; the ruler returned to his place. Next his state's officials were led in one after another, took their places, and bowed twice according to the same protocol. The Palace Attendant again received the command to comfort him on returning to the lodge; the Protocol Gentleman led the ruler down; he returned to his place, bowed twice and touched his forehead to the ground, and withdrew. All officials of his state bowed twice and withdrew in turn. The Palace Attendant reported that the rites were complete, and the emperor left the throne. Banquets, reception of memorials and gifts from the various states, and all related protocols are fully recorded in the Comprehensive Rites of Kaibao.
27
契丹國使入聘見辭儀。 自景德澶淵會盟之後，始有契丹國信使副元正、聖節朝見。 大中祥符九年，有司遂定儀注。
Protocol for Khitan envoys on mission for audience and farewell. After the Chanyuan covenant of 1005, credentialed Khitan deputy envoys began to attend audiences on New Year's Day and the imperial birthday. In 1016, the relevant office fixed the ritual regulations.
28
前一日，習儀於驛。 見日，皇帝御崇德殿。 宰臣、樞密使以下大班起居訖，至員僚起居後，館伴使副一班入就位，東面立。 次接書匣閣門使升殿立。 次通事入，不通，喝拜，兩拜，奏聖躬萬福，又喝兩拜，隨呼萬歲，喝祗候，赴東西接引使副位。 舍人引契丹使副自外捧書匣入，當殿前立。 天武官抬禮物分東西向入，列於殿下，以東為上。 舍人喝天武官起居，兩拜，隨呼萬歲，奏聖躬萬福，喝各祗候。 閣門從東階降，至契丹使位北。 舍人揖使跪進書匣，閣門側身搢笏、跪接，舍人受之。 契丹使立，閣門執笏捧書匣升殿，當御前進呈訖，授內侍都知，都知拆書以授宰臣，宰臣、樞密進呈訖，遂抬禮物出。 舍人與館伴使副引契丹使副至東階下，閣門使下殿揖引同升，立御前。 至國信大使傳國主問聖體，通事傳譯，舍人當御前鞠躬傳奏訖，揖起北使。 皇帝宣閣門回問國主，北使跪奏，舍人當御前鞠躬奏訖，遂揖北使起，卻引降階至辭見位，麵西揖躬。 舍人當殿通北朝國信使某官某祗候見，應喏絕，引當殿，喝拜，大起居 〈（其拜舞並依本國禮）〉 ，出班謝麵天顏，歸位，喝拜舞蹈訖，又出班謝沿路驛館禦筵茶藥及傳宣撫問，復歸位，喝拜舞蹈訖，舍人宣有敕賜窄衣一對、金蹀躞子一、金塗銀冠一、靴一兩、衣著三百匹、銀二百兩、鞍轡馬一 〈（每句應喏）〉 ，跪受，起，拜舞蹈訖，喝祗候，應喏西出 〈（凡傳語並奏聖躬萬福、致辭，並通事傳譯，舍人當殿鞠躬奏聞，後同）〉。 次通北朝國信副使某官某祗候見，其拜舞、謝賜、致詞並如上儀，西出 〈（其敕賜衣一對，金腰帶一，襆頭、靴、笏、衣著二百匹，銀器一百兩，鞍轡馬一）〉。 次通事及舍人引舍利已下分班入，不通，便引合班，讚喝大起居，拜舞如儀。 舍人喝有敕賜衣服、束帶、衣著、銀器分物，應喏跪受，抬擔床絕，起，舞蹈拜訖，喝各祗候分班引出。 次引差來通事以下從人分班入，不通，便引合班，喝兩拜，奏聖躬萬福，又拜，隨呼萬歲，喝有敕各賜衣服、腰帶、衣著、銀器分物，應喏跪受，起，喝兩拜，隨拜萬歲，喝各祗候唱喏分班引出。 次行門、殿直入，起居訖，殿上侍立。 文明殿樞密直學士、三司使、內客省使下殿。 舍人合班奏報閣門無事，唱喏訖，卷班西出。 客省、閣門使以下東出，其排立，供奉官已下橫行合班。 宣徽使殿上喝供奉官已下各祗候分班出，並如常儀。 皇帝降坐還內。
On the day before, they rehearsed the protocol at the station. On the audience day, the emperor took the throne in the Hall of Honoring Virtue. After prime ministers, the Commissioner of the Privy Council, and those below finished the grand audience bow in the great formation, and after the staff formation finished its audience bow, the hosting deputy envoys entered in one formation and stood on the east. Next the Gate Commissioner who received the document casket ascended and stood. Next the interpreter entered without announcement, was commanded to bow, bowed twice, reported the Sage's Body in ten thousand blessings, was commanded to bow twice again, followed by shouts of ten thousand years, was told to attend, and went to the east and west receiving deputy envoys' places. The Protocol Gentleman led the Khitan deputy envoys in from outside bearing the document casket and had them stand before the hall. Heavenly Martial officers carried tribute gifts in, divided east and west, and arrayed them below the hall, with the east side superior. The Protocol Gentleman commanded the Heavenly Martial officers to perform the audience bow; they bowed twice, shouted ten thousand years, reported the Sage's Body in ten thousand blessings, and were told to attend. The Gate Office descended from the east steps to north of the Khitan envoys' place. The Protocol Gentleman motioned the envoys to kneel and present the document casket; the Gate Commissioner turned aside, inserted his tablet, knelt to receive it, and the Protocol Gentleman took it. The Khitan envoys stood; the Gate Commissioner, holding his tablet, bore the document casket up the hall, presented it before the throne, and handed it to the Chief Palace Attendant, who opened the letter and gave it to the prime minister; after the prime minister and Privy Council presented it, the tribute gifts were carried out. The Protocol Gentleman and hosting deputy envoys led the Khitan deputy envoys to below the east steps; the Gate Commissioner descended, motioned, and led them up together to stand before the throne. When the credentialed chief envoy conveyed the Khitan ruler's inquiry after the Sage's person, the interpreter translated; the Protocol Gentleman bowed at the waist before the throne, reported, finished, and motioned the northern envoy to rise. The emperor ordered the Gate Office to inquire after the Khitan ruler in return; the northern envoy knelt and reported; the Protocol Gentleman bowed at the waist before the throne, reported, finished, and motioned the northern envoy to rise, led him down the steps to the farewell audience place, and bowed at the waist facing west. The Protocol Gentleman announced before the hall the credentialed envoy of the Northern Court, Officer So-and-so, attending for audience; at each command he responded; he was led before the hall, commanded to bow, and performed the grand audience bow (their bows and dances all followed their state's rites) , stepped forward from the formation to thank him for viewing the heavenly countenance, returned to place, was commanded to bow and dance and finished, stepped forward again to thank him for imperial banquets of tea and medicines at relay stations along the route and for comforting messages transmitted, returned to place, was commanded to bow and dance and finished; the Protocol Gentleman announced an edict granting one pair of narrow robes, one set of golden diexiezi, one gold-plated silver crown, one pair of boots, three hundred bolts of clothing, two hundred taels of silver, and one saddle, bridle, and horse (at each phrase he responded to the command) , knelt to receive, rose, bowed and danced and finished, was told to attend, responded to the command, and exited to the west (whenever words were transmitted, and whenever the Sage's Body in ten thousand blessings and formal addresses were reported, the interpreter always translated; the Protocol Gentleman bowed at the waist before the hall, reported, and heard—the same hereafter) Next the credentialed deputy envoy of the Northern Court, Officer So-and-so, was announced attending for audience; his bows and dances, thanks for gifts, and formal addresses all followed the protocol above, and he exited to the west (the edict granted one pair of robes, one golden belt, one turban, boots, tablet, two hundred bolts of clothing, one hundred taels of silverware, and one saddle, bridle, and horse) Next the interpreter and Protocol Gentleman led Shili and those below in divided formations; without announcement they were led into a combined formation; the intoner commanded the grand audience bow, and they bowed and danced according to protocol. The Protocol Gentleman announced an edict granting robes, belts, clothing, and divided silverware; they responded to the command, knelt to receive, the carrying couch was withdrawn, they rose, bowed and danced and finished, were told to attend, and were led out in divided formations. Next envoys sent on assignment and attendants below them were led in in divided formations; without announcement they were led into a combined formation, commanded to bow twice, reported the Sage's Body in ten thousand blessings, bowed again, and shouted ten thousand years; an edict granted each robes, belt, clothing, and divided silverware; they responded to the command, knelt to receive, rose, were commanded to bow twice, bowed ten thousand years, were told to attend and respond to the command, and were led out in divided formations. Next the gate guards and palace attendants entered, performed the audience bow, and stood attending in the hall. Academicians Ex Officio of the Hall of Civil Splendor, commissioners of the three departments, and Commissioners of the Inner Reception Bureau left the hall. The Protocol Gentleman combined formations and reported to the Gate Office that there was no further business; after responding to the command they rolled formation and exited to the west. Guest Reception and Gate Commissioners and those below exited to the east; they lined up, and supply officers and below formed a transverse combined formation. The Commissioner of the Palace Secretariat shouted from the hall for supply officers and below each to attend and be led out in divided formations—all according to ordinary protocol. The emperor left the throne and returned within.
29
宴日，契丹使副以下服所賜，承受引赴長春殿門外，並侍宴臣僚宰執、親王、樞密使以下祗候。 俟長春殿諸司排當有備，閣門使附入內都知奏班齊，皇帝坐，鳴鞭，宰臣、親王以下並宰執分班，舍人引入。 其契丹使副綴親王班入。 舍人通某甲以下，唱喏，班首奏聖躬萬福，喝各就坐、兩拜，隨呼萬歲，喝就坐，分班引上殿。 或皇帝撫問契丹使副，舍人便引下殿，喝兩拜，隨拜萬歲，喝各就坐。 次舍人、通事分引舍利以下東西分班，喝兩拜，喝就坐，分引赴兩廊下。 次舍人引差來通事、從人東西分班入，合班，喝兩拜，隨拜萬歲，喝就坐，分引赴兩廊。 次喝教坊已下兩拜，班首奏聖躬萬福，又喝拜，兩拜，隨拜萬歲，喝各祗候。 次引看盞二人稍近前，喝拜，兩拜，隨拜萬歲，喝上殿祗候，分東西上殿立。 有司進茶床，內侍酹酒，訖，閣門使殿上御前鞠躬奏某甲已下進酒，餘如常儀。 宴起，宰臣已下降階，舍人喝兩拜，搢笏，舞蹈，喝各祗候，分班出。 次舍利合班，喝兩拜，舞蹈，三拜，拜謝訖，喝各祗候分引出。 次通事、從人合班，喝兩拜，隨拜萬歲，喝各祗候，分班引出。 次喝教坊使已下兩拜，隨拜萬歲，喝各祗候。 如傳宣賜茶酒，又喝謝茶酒拜，兩拜，隨拜萬歲，喝各祗候，出。 閣門使殿上近前側奏無事，皇帝降坐，鳴鞭還內。
On the banquet day, Khitan deputy envoys and those below wore what had been granted; receiving officers led them outside the Gate of the Hall of Everlasting Spring, while prime ministers, imperial princes, the Commissioner of the Privy Council, and other attending officials stood ready. When the various offices had finished arranging the Hall of Everlasting Spring and all was ready, the Gate Commissioner reported through the Chief Palace Attendant that the formations were complete; the emperor took his seat, the whip sounded, and prime ministers, imperial princes, chief administrators, and those below entered in divided formations as the Protocol Gentleman led them in. The Khitan deputy envoys entered in formation with the imperial princes. The Protocol Gentleman announced So-and-so and those below; they responded to the command; the formation chief reported the Sage's Body in ten thousand blessings; they were commanded to take their seats and bow twice, then shouted "Ten thousand years!"; commanded to be seated, they were led up to the hall in divided formations. If the emperor addressed the Khitan deputy envoys, the Protocol Gentleman at once led them down from the hall, commanded two bows, they bowed ten thousand years, and were commanded to take their seats again. Next the Protocol Gentleman and interpreter separately led Shili and those below in east and west formations, commanded two bows and to be seated, then led them to the two side corridors. Next the Protocol Gentleman led assigned envoys and attendants in east and west formations; they combined, were commanded to bow twice and shout ten thousand years, were seated, and were led to the two corridors. Next the Music Bureau and those below were commanded to bow twice; the formation chief reported the Sage's Body in ten thousand blessings; they bowed again twice, shouted ten thousand years, and were told to attend. Next the two cup-watchers were led slightly forward, commanded to bow twice and shout ten thousand years, told to attend in the hall, and took their stations on the east and west sides. The relevant offices advanced the tea couch; palace attendants poured the libation; when finished, the Gate Commissioner bowed before the emperor in the hall and reported that So-and-so and those below presented wine—the rest according to ordinary protocol. When the banquet ended and prime ministers had left the steps, the Protocol Gentleman commanded two bows; they inserted their tablets, performed the dance, were told to attend, and exited in divided formations. Next Shili combined formation, were commanded to bow twice, dance, and bow three times; when their thanks were finished, they were told to attend and were led out in divided formations. Next interpreters and attendants combined formation, bowed twice, shouted ten thousand years, were told to attend, and were led out in divided formations. Next the Director of the Music Bureau and those below were commanded to bow twice, shout ten thousand years, and attend. If an edict granted tea and wine, they were again commanded in the thanks-for-tea-and-wine bow, bowed twice, shouted ten thousand years, were told to attend, and exited. The Gate Commissioner advanced to the side of the hall and reported that there was no further business; the emperor left the throne, the whip sounded, and he returned within.
30
辭日，皇帝坐，內殿起居班欲絕，諸司排當有備，催合侍宴臣僚東西相向，班立崇德殿庭。 俟奏班齊，舍人喝拜，東西班殿侍兩拜，奏聖躬萬福，喝各祗候。 次舍人通館伴使副某甲以下常起居，次通契丹使某甲常起居，次通副使某甲常起居，俱引赴西面立。 次通宰臣以下橫行，通某甲以下，應喏，奏聖躬萬福，喝各就坐，應喏，兩拜呼萬歲，分升殿東西向立。 次通事、舍人引契丹舍利以下，次差來通事、從人俱分班入，當殿兩拜，奏聖躬萬福，喝各就坐，兩拜，呼萬歲，分引赴兩廊立。 次通教坊使、看盞。 及進茶床、酹酒並閣門奏進酒，並如長春宴日之儀。 酒五巡，起。 宰臣以下降階班立，兩拜、搢笏、舞蹈，三拜，喝各祗候。 宰臣以下並三司使、文明殿學士、樞密直學士升殿侍立，其餘臣僚並契丹使並出。 次引舍利及差來從人，俱兩拜萬歲訖，分班引出。 如傳宣賜茶酒，更喝謝拜如前儀。 已上班絕，舍人再引契丹使入，西面揖躬。 舍人當殿通北朝國信使某祗候辭，通訖，引當殿兩拜，出班致辭，歸位，又兩拜訖，宣有敕賜，跪受拜舞訖，喝好去，遂引出。 次引副使致詞、受賜、拜舞如前儀，亦出。 次引舍利已下，次引差來通事、從人，俱分班入，舍人喝有敕賜衣服、衣著、銀器分物，各應喏跪受，候抬擔床絕，就拜，起，又兩拜萬歲，喝好去，分班引出。 其使副各服所賜，再引入，當殿兩拜萬歲訖，喝祗候，引升殿，當御前立。 皇帝宣閣門使授旨傳語國主，舍人揖國信使跪，閣門使傳旨通譯訖，揖國信使起立，閣門使御前搢笏，於內侍都知處奉授書匣，舍人揖國信使跪，閣門使跪分付訖，揖起下殿，西出。
On the farewell day the emperor took his seat; the inner-hall audience formation was nearly complete; the various offices had finished their arrangements; attending banquet officials were summoned to stand facing one another east and west in the courtyard of the Hall of Chongde. When it was reported that the formations were complete, the Protocol Gentleman commanded a bow; east and west formation palace attendants bowed twice, reported the Sage's Body in ten thousand blessings, and were told to attend. Next the Protocol Gentleman announced the host envoys So-and-so and those below for the regular audience bow; then the Khitan envoy So-and-so; then the deputy envoy So-and-so; all were led to stand on the west side. Next prime ministers and those below were announced in transverse passage; So-and-so and those below responded to the command, reported the Sage's Body in ten thousand blessings, were commanded to be seated, bowed twice and shouted ten thousand years, and separately ascended the hall to stand east and west. Next the interpreter and Protocol Gentleman led Khitan Shili and those below, then assigned envoys and attendants; all entered in divided formations, bowed twice before the hall, reported the Sage's Body in ten thousand blessings, were seated, bowed twice and shouted ten thousand years, and were led to stand in the two corridors. Next the Director of the Music Bureau and the cup-watchers were announced. The advancing of the tea couch, the libation, and the Gate Office report of wine presentation all followed the Everlasting Spring banquet protocol. After five rounds of wine the banquet rose. Prime ministers and those below left the steps and stood in formation, bowed twice, inserted their tablets, danced, bowed three times, and were told to attend. Prime ministers, commissioners of the three departments, Academicians of the Hall of Civil Splendor, and Academicians Ex Officio of the Privy Council ascended to attend in the hall; all other officials and the Khitan envoys exited. Next Shili, assigned envoys, and attendants were led out; all bowed twice and shouted ten thousand years, then exited in divided formations. If tea and wine were granted by edict, the thanks bow was again commanded as before. When the hall formations were complete, the Protocol Gentleman again led the Khitan envoy in to bow with joined hands toward the west. Before the hall the Protocol Gentleman announced the Northern Court credentialed envoy So-and-so attending to take leave; when announced, he was led to bow twice before the hall, stepped forward to deliver his farewell, returned, bowed twice again; an edict grant was proclaimed; he knelt, received, bowed and danced; was told "Fare well," and was led out. Next the deputy envoy delivered his address, received the grant, and bowed and danced as before; he too exited. Next Shili and those below, then assigned envoys and attendants, all entered in divided formations; the Protocol Gentleman announced an edict granting robes, clothing, and divided silverware; each responded, knelt to receive; when the carrying couch was withdrawn they bowed, rose, bowed twice and shouted ten thousand years, were told "Fare well," and exited in divided formations. Each deputy envoy wore what had been granted, was led in again, bowed twice before the hall and shouted ten thousand years, was told to attend, was led up the hall, and stood before the emperor. The emperor ordered the Gate Commissioner to convey the edict to the Khitan ruler; the Protocol Gentleman signaled the credentialed envoy to kneel; the Gate Commissioner conveyed the edict through the interpreter; the envoy rose; the Gate Commissioner inserted his tablet before the emperor, received the document casket from the Chief Palace Attendant, the envoy knelt again, the Gate Commissioner knelt and handed it over, signaled him to rise, left the hall, and exited west.
31
政和詳定五禮，有《紫宸殿大遼使朝見儀》、《紫宸殿正旦宴大遼使儀》、《紫宸殿大遼使朝辭儀》、《崇政殿假日大遼使朝見儀》、《崇政殿假日大遼使朝辭儀》。 其紫宸殿赴宴，遼使副位御坐西，諸衛上將軍之南。 夏使副在東朵殿，並西向北上。 高麗、交阯使副在西朵殿，並東向北上，遼使舍利、從人各在其南。 夏使從人在東廊舍利之南，諸蕃使副首領、高麗交阯從人、溪峒衙內指揮使在西廊舍利之南。 又至各就位，有分引兩廊班首詣御坐進酒，樂作，讚各賜酒，群官俱再拜就坐。 酒五行，皆作樂賜華，皇帝再坐，赴宴官行謝華之禮。
Under the Zhenghe revision of the Five Rites there were separate protocols for Liao audiences and farewells at the Hall of Purple Brightness, for the New Year's banquet with Liao envoys there, and for Liao audiences and farewells on holidays at the Hall of Chongzheng. At Purple Brightness banquets the Liao deputy envoys sat west of the throne, south of the senior generals of the guard. Western Xia deputy envoys were placed in the eastern side hall, facing west and ranked from the north. Goryeo and Jiaozhi deputy envoys were in the western side hall, facing east and ranked from the north; Liao Shili and attendants were south of each group respectively. Xia attendants stood south of Shili in the east corridor; chiefs of other foreign missions, Goryeo and Jiaozhi attendants, and Xi-Dong inner-office commanders stood south of Shili in the west corridor. When all were in place, corridor formation chiefs were led forward to present wine before the throne; music played; the intoner announced each grant of wine; all officials bowed again and were seated. For each of five rounds of wine, music played and flowers were granted; the emperor resumed his seat; attending officials performed the thanks-for-flowers rite.
32
夏國進奉使見辭儀。 夏國歲以正旦、聖節入貢。 元豐八年，使來。 詔夏國見辭儀製依嘉祐八年，見於皇儀殿門外，朝辭詣垂拱殿。
Protocols for Western Xia tribute envoys at audience and farewell. The Western Xia sent tribute annually on New Year's Day and the imperial birthday. In 1085 envoys arrived. An edict fixed Xia audience and farewell protocols on the Jiayou (1063) precedent: audience outside the Hall of Imperial Rites, farewell at the Hall of Chui Gong.
33
政和新儀：夏使見日，俟見班絕、謝班前，使奉奉表，引入殿庭，副使隨入，西向立，舍人揖躬。 舍人當殿躬奏夏國進奉使姓名以下祗候見，引當殿前跪進表函，舍人受之，副入內侍省官進呈。 使者起，歸位，四拜起居。 舍人宣有敕賜某物，兼賜酒饌。 跪受，箱過，俯伏興，再拜。 舍人曰各祗候，揖西出。 次從人入，不奏，即引當殿四拜起居。 舍人宣賜分物，兼賜酒食。 跪受，箱過，俯伏興，再拜。 舍人曰各祗候，揖西出。 辭日，引使副入殿庭，西向立，舍人揖躬。 舍人當殿躬奏夏國進奉使姓名以下祗候辭，引當殿四拜。 宣賜某物酒饌，再拜如見儀。 凡蕃使見辭，同日者，先夏國，次高麗，次交阯，次海外蕃客，次諸蠻。
Under the Zhenghe rites, on the Xia reception day, after the audience formation ended and before the thanks formation, the envoy bore the memorial and entered the courtyard with his deputy; they stood facing west while the Protocol Gentleman bowed. The Protocol Gentleman reported before the hall that the Xia tribute envoy So-and-so and those below attended for audience, led him to kneel and present the memorial; received the casket; a deputy Inner Palace Service official carried it in for presentation. The envoy rose, returned to his place, and performed the four-bow audience. The Protocol Gentleman proclaimed an edict granting certain objects together with wine and provisions. He knelt to receive; when the gift box had passed he prostrated himself, rose, and bowed again. The Protocol Gentleman told them to attend; they bowed and exited west. Next the attendants entered; without announcement they were led before the hall for the four-bow audience. The Protocol Gentleman proclaimed grants of divided gifts together with wine and food. They knelt to receive; when the boxes had passed they prostrated themselves, rose, and bowed again. The Protocol Gentleman told them to attend; they bowed and exited west. On the farewell day the envoy and deputy entered the courtyard, stood facing west, and the Protocol Gentleman bowed. The Protocol Gentleman reported that the Xia tribute envoy So-and-so and those below attended to take leave and led him before the hall for four bows. An edict granted objects, wine, and provisions; he bowed again as at the audience. When foreign envoys shared the same audience and farewell day, precedence ran: Western Xia, then Goryeo, then Jiaozhi, then overseas guests, then the various southern peoples.
34
高麗進奉使見辭儀。 見日，使捧表函，引入殿庭，副使隨入，西向立，舍人鞠躬，當殿前通高麗國進奉使姓名以下祗候見，引當殿，使稍前跪進表函，俯伏興訖，歸位大起居。 班首出班躬謝起居，歸位，再拜，又出班謝麵天顏、沿路館券、都城門外茶酒，歸位，再拜，搢笏，舞蹈，俯伏興，再拜。 舍人宣有敕賜某物兼賜酒食，搢笏，跪受，箱過，俯伏興，再拜。 舍人曰各祗候，揖西出。 次押物以下入，不通，即引當殿四拜起居。 宣有敕賜某物兼賜酒食，跪受，箱過，俯伏興，再拜起居。 舍人曰各祗候，揖西出。
Protocols for Goryeo tribute envoys at audience and farewell. On the audience day the envoy bore the memorial and entered the courtyard with his deputy; standing west, the Protocol Gentleman bowed and announced the Goryeo tribute envoy So-and-so for audience; the envoy advanced, knelt, presented the casket, rose from prostration, and returned for the grand audience bow. The formation chief stepped forward to thank him for the audience, returned and bowed again, stepped forward to thank him for viewing the heavenly countenance, for relay provisions and capital gate tea and wine, returned, bowed again, inserted his tablet, danced, prostrated himself, rose, and bowed again. The Protocol Gentleman proclaimed an edict granting certain objects and wine and food; he inserted his tablet, knelt to receive, prostrated himself when the box had passed, rose, and bowed again. The Protocol Gentleman told them to attend; they bowed and exited west. Next tribute officers and those below entered; without announcement they performed the four-bow audience before the hall. An edict granted certain objects and wine and food; he knelt to receive, prostrated himself when the box had passed, rose, and bowed again. The Protocol Gentleman told them to attend; they bowed and exited west.
35
辭日，引使副入殿庭，西向立，舍人揖躬。 舍人當殿躬通高麗進奉使姓名以下祗候辭，引當殿四拜起居。 班首出、班致詞，歸位，再拜。 舍人宣有敕賜某物兼賜酒食，搢笏，跪受，箱過，俯伏興，再拜。 舍人曰好去，揖西出。 次從人入辭，如見。
On the farewell day the envoy and deputy entered the courtyard, stood west, and the Protocol Gentleman bowed. The Protocol Gentleman announced the Goryeo tribute envoy So-and-so for farewell and led him before the hall for the four-bow audience. The formation chief stepped forward to deliver the farewell address, returned, and bowed again. The Protocol Gentleman proclaimed an edict granting objects and wine and food; he inserted his tablet, knelt, prostrated himself when the box had passed, rose, and bowed again. The Protocol Gentleman said "Fare well"; they bowed and exited west. Next the attendants entered to take leave, following the audience protocol.
36
政和元年，詔高麗在西北二國之間，自今可依熙寧十年指揮隸樞密院。 明年入貢，詔復用熙寧例，以文臣充接伴使副，仍往還許上殿。 七年，賜以籩豆各十二，簠簋各四，登一，鉶二，鼎二，罍洗一，尊二。 銘曰：“惟爾令德孝恭，世稱東蕃，有來顯相，予一人嘉之。 用錫爾寶尊，以寧爾祖考。 子子孫孫，其永保之！ ”紹興二年，高麗遣使副來貢，並賜酒食於同文館。
In 1111 an edict noted that Goryeo lay between the Khitan and Xia domains and ordered that, henceforth, it follow the 1077 directive and be administered through the Privy Council. The following year, when tribute arrived, the court restored the Xining practice of civil host envoys, who might still ascend the hall on their journeys to and from court. In 1117 the court granted twelve platters and twelve stands, four grain vessels and four tureens, one pedestal vessel, two offering stands, two tripods, one wash set, and two wine vessels. The inscription read: "For your virtuous and filial conduct, renowned throughout the world as the eastern tributary, you have come to serve at court as our eminent minister, and I commend you alone. I bestow upon you these ritual vessels that your ancestors may rest in peace. May sons and grandsons preserve them forever!" In 1132 Goryeo sent deputy envoys with tribute, and wine and food were granted at the Lodge of Shared Texts.
37
金國聘使見辭儀。 宣和元年，金使李善慶等來，遣直秘閣趙有開偕善慶等報聘。 已而金使復至，用新羅使人禮，引見宣政殿，徽宗臨軒受使者書。 自後屢遣使來，帝待之甚厚，時引上殿奏事，賜予不貲，禮遇並用契丹故事。
Protocols for Jin envoys at audience and farewell. In 1119 Jin envoys led by Li Shanching arrived; Zhao Youkai, Direct Gentleman of the Secretariat, was sent with them on the return embassy. Soon Jin envoys came again; Silla envoy protocol was applied; they were received at the Hall of Xuanzheng, where Emperor Huizong accepted their letter from the throne. Thereafter Jin envoys came repeatedly; the emperor treated them with exceptional generosity, often summoning them to the hall to report, with lavish grants and courtesies modeled on Khitan precedent.
38
紹興三年十二月，宰臣進呈金使李永壽等正旦入見。 故事，百官俱入。 上曰：“全盛之時，神京會同，朝廷之尊，百官之富，所以誇示。 今暫駐於此。 事從簡便。 舊日禮數，豈可盡行？ 無庸俱入。 ”使人見辭，並賜食於殿門外。 八年，金國遣使副來，就驛議和。 詔王倫就驛賜宴。 十一年十一月，金國遣審議使來。 入見，時殿陛之儀議猶未決。 議者謂“兵衛單弱，則非所以隆國體； 欲設仗衛，恐駭虜情。 ”乃設黃麾仗千五百人於殿廊，蔽以帟幕，班定徹帷。 十二年，扈從徽宗梓宮、皇太後使副來。 十三年十一月，有司言：“賀正旦使初至，於盱眙軍賜宴。 未審回程合與不合筵待？ ”詔內侍省差使臣二員沿路賜禦筵，一員於平江府，一員於鎮江府，一員於盱眙軍。 尋詔：金國賀正旦人使到闕赴宴等坐次，令與宰臣相對稍南。 使副上下馬於執政官上下馬處。 三節人從並於宮門外上下馬。 立班則於西班，與宰臣相對立。 仍權移西班使相在東壁宰臣之東。 十四年正月一日，宴金國人使於紫宸殿。 文臣權侍郎已上、武臣刺史已上赴坐。 自後正旦賜宴仿此。 五月，金國始遣賀天申節使來。 有司言合照舊例：北使賀生辰聖節使副隨宰臣紫宸殿上壽，進壽酒畢，皇帝、宰臣以下同使副酒三行，教坊作樂，三節人從不赴。 既而三節人從有請，乞隨班上壽，詔許之，仍賜酒食。 遇賀正，人使朝辭在上辛祠官致齋之內，仍用樂。 二十九年，以皇太后崩，其賀正使副止就驛賜宴。 見辭日，賜茶酒，並不舉樂。
In December 1133 the chief ministers presented Jin envoys led by Li Yongshou for the New Year audience. By precedent all officials entered together. The emperor said: "In our days of full prosperity the divine capital gathered all under heaven, and the court's majesty and the wealth of its officials were displayed to impress. Now we are lodged here only for a time. Affairs should be kept simple. How can every detail of the old ceremonial be observed? There is no need for everyone to enter. The envoys were granted food outside the hall gate at both audience and farewell. In 1138 Jin deputy envoys came to negotiate peace at the embassy station. An edict ordered Wang Lun to host a banquet for them at the station. In November 1141 Jin envoys on a review mission arrived. At their audience, debate over protocol at the hall steps was still unresolved. Some argued that "if the guard were too thin, the state's dignity would not be elevated; yet if full armed escort were deployed, the envoys might be alarmed." They therefore stationed fifteen hundred yellow-banner guards in the hall corridors behind curtains; when formations were complete the curtains were withdrawn. In 1142 envoys escorting Emperor Huizong's coffin and the empress dowager arrived. In November 1143 the relevant offices reported: "When New Year congratulatory envoys first arrive, a banquet is granted at Xuyi. It is unclear whether a banquet should again be granted on the return journey." An edict ordered the Inner Service Bureau to dispatch two envoys to grant imperial banquets along the route—one at Pingjiang, one at Zhenjiang, and one at Xuyi— An edict soon followed: when Jin New Year congratulatory envoys reached the capital for banquets and similar occasions, their seats were to face the chief ministers opposite, slightly to the south— The chief envoy and his deputy mounted and dismounted where executive officials did— Personnel of all three ranks likewise mounted and dismounted outside the palace gate— When standing in formation they took the western line, facing the chief ministers opposite— The western-line commissioners were also provisionally moved to stand east of the chief ministers on the east wall— On the first day of the first month in 1144 the court banqueted Jin envoys in the Hall of Purple Felicity— Civil officials from acting vice-minister upward and military officials from prefect upward attended— Thereafter New Year banquets followed this precedent— In May the Jin for the first time sent envoys to congratulate the Heavenly Succession Festival— The relevant offices cited old precedent: when northern envoys came for the imperial birthday, the chief envoy and deputy followed the chief ministers to offer longevity rites in the Hall of Purple Felicity; after the longevity wine was presented, the emperor and officials below shared three rounds with them while the Music Bureau performed, but personnel of the three ranks did not attend— The three ranks' personnel then petitioned to join the formation for the longevity rite; the court permitted this and granted them wine and food— For New Year envoys, at the farewell audience, if it fell within the upper-ren offering officer's fasting period, music was still performed— In 1159, because the empress dowager had died, New Year envoys were banqueted only at the embassy station— On audience and farewell days they received tea and wine, but no music was performed—
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大率北使至闕，先遣伴使賜禦筵於班荊館 〈（在赤岸，去府五十里）〉 ，酒七行。 翌日登舟，至北郭稅亭，茶酒畢，上馬入餘杭門，至都亭驛，賜褥被、钅沙鑼等。 明日，臨安府書送酒食，閣門官入位，具朝見儀，投朝見榜子。 又明日，入見。 伴使至南宮門外下馬，北使至隔門內下馬。 皇帝御紫宸殿，六參官起居。 北使見畢，退赴客省茶酒，遂宴垂拱殿，酒五行，惟從官已上預坐。 是日，賜茶器名果。 又明日，賜生餼。 見之二日，與伴使偕往天竺燒香，上賜沉香、乳糖、齋筵、酒果。 次至冷泉亭、呼猿洞而歸。 翌日，賜內中酒果、風藥、花餳，赴守歲夜筵，酒五行，用傀儡。 正月朔旦，朝賀禮畢，上遣大臣就驛賜禦筵。 中使傳旨宣勸，酒九行。 三日，客省簽賜酒食，內中賜酒果。 遂赴浙江亭觀潮，酒七行。 四日，赴玉津園燕射，命諸校善射者假管軍觀察使伴之，上賜弓矢。 酒行樂作，伴射官與大使並射弓，館伴、副使並射弩。 酒九行，退。 五日，大宴集英殿，尚書郎、監察御史已上皆預，學士撰致語。 六日，朝辭退，賜襲衣、金帶、大銀器。 臨安府書送贐儀。 復遣執政官就驛賜宴。 晚赴解換夜筵，伴使與北使皆親勸酬，且以衣物為侑。 次日，加賜龍鳳茶、金鍍合。 乘馬出北闕門登舟，宿赤岸。 又次日，復遣近臣押賜禦筵。
In general when northern envoys reached the capital, escort envoys were first sent to host an imperial banquet at the Lodge of Parting from the Thorn (at Chian, fifty li from the prefectural seat) , with seven rounds of wine— The next day they boarded and reached the North Suburb Tax Pavilion; after tea and wine they mounted and entered through Yuhang Gate to the Capital Pavilion station, where they received mattresses, quilts, cymbals, and the like— The following day Lin'an Prefecture delivered wine and food in writing; Gate officials took their places, prepared the audience ceremony, and submitted the audience placard— The day after, they had audience— Escorts dismounted outside the Southern Palace Gate; northern envoys dismounted inside the inner dividing gate— The emperor held court in the Hall of Purple Felicity as officials of the six audiences made their greetings— After audience the northern envoys withdrew for tea and wine at the Guest Bureau, then were banqueted in the Hall of Sagely Accord with five rounds of wine; only attendant officials of rank and above were seated— That day they received fine tea vessels and fruits— The next day they received fresh provisions— Two days after audience they went with their escorts to burn incense at Tianzhu; the emperor granted agarwood, milk sugar, a vegetarian banquet, and wine and fruit— They next visited Cold Spring Pavilion and Calling-Apes Cave before returning— The next day they received palace wine and fruit, medicinal aromatics, and flower candy, then attended the New Year's Eve banquet with five rounds of wine and puppet performances— On New Year's morning, after the congratulatory rites, the emperor sent a senior minister to grant an imperial banquet at the station— Palace envoys conveyed the imperial message and urged the toasts; nine rounds of wine were served— On the third day the Guest Bureau granted wine and food by countersign, and the inner palace sent wine and fruit— They then went to Zhejiang Pavilion to watch the tide, with seven rounds of wine— On the fourth day they went to Jade Ford Garden for archery; skilled marksmen were appointed provisional army observers to accompany them, and the emperor granted bows and arrows— As wine was served and music played, the accompanying archer and chief envoy shot with bows while the hostel escort and deputy shot with crossbows— After nine rounds they withdrew— On the fifth day a grand banquet was held in the Hall of Assembled Eminence; Gentlemen of the Secretariat, investigating censors, and officials of that rank and above all attended, with academicians composing the congratulatory address— On the sixth day after their farewell audience they withdrew, granted robes, gold belts, and large silver vessels— Lin'an Prefecture delivered parting gifts in writing— An executive official was again sent to the station to host a banquet— That evening they attended the exchange banquet; escorts and northern envoys personally urged each other's cups and also offered garments as secondary gifts— The next day they received additional dragon-phoenix tea and gold-plated cases— They rode out through the North Watchtower Gate, boarded boats, and lodged at Chian— The following day a close minister was again sent to oversee an imperial banquet—
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自到闕朝見、燕射、朝辭，共賜大使金千四百兩，副使金八百八十兩，衣各三襲，金帶各三條。 都管上節各賜銀四十兩，中下節各三十兩，衣一襲、塗金帶一條。 使人到闕筵宴，凡用樂人三百人，百戲軍七十人，築球軍三十二人，起立球門行人三十二人，旗鼓四十人，並下臨安府差； 相撲一十五人，於御前等子內差，並前期教習之。
From arrival through audience, archery banquet, and farewell, the chief envoy received fourteen hundred taels of gold, the deputy eight hundred eighty, each three sets of robes and three gold belts— Supervisors of the upper rank in each section received forty taels of silver each; middle and lower ranks thirty taels each, plus one set of robes and one gilded belt— For envoys' banquets at court, three hundred musicians, seventy variety-troop performers, thirty-two cuju players, thirty-two ball-goal attendants, and forty banner-drummers were all dispatched by Lin'an Prefecture; Fifteen sumo wrestlers were selected from the imperial front roster and drilled in advance—
41
諸國朝貢，其交州、宜州、黎州諸國見辭，並如上儀。 惟迓勞宴賚之數，則有殺焉。 其授書皆令有司付之。 又有西蕃唃氏、西南諸蕃占城、回鶻、大食、於闐、三佛齊、邛部川蠻及溪峒之屬，或比間數歲入貢。 層檀、日本、大理、注輦、蒲甘、龜茲、佛泥、拂菻、真臘、羅殿、渤泥、邈黎、闍婆、甘眉流諸國入貢，或一再，或三四，不常至。 注輦、三佛齊使者至，以真珠、龍腦、金蓮花等登陛跪散之，謂之“撒殿”。
For tribute from various states, audiences and farewells from Jiaozhi, Yizhou, Lizhou, and the like all followed the ceremony above— Only the scale of welcoming, entertainment, banquet, and gifts was reduced— Credential presentation was entrusted to the relevant offices— There were also the Western Tibetan Gu clan, southwestern peoples including Champa, Uyghurs, Arabs, Khotan, Srivijaya, the Qiongbu River tribes, and creek-gorge peoples, some of whom presented tribute every few years— States including Zantan, Japan, Dali, Chola, Pagan, Kucha, Funan, Farang, Chenla, Luodian, Brunei, Moli, Java, and Gan Meiliu sent tribute once or twice, or three or four times, but not on a fixed schedule— When envoys from Chola and Srivijaya arrived, they ascended the steps kneeling and scattered pearls, camphor, golden lotuses, and the like in what was called "scattering the hall"—
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元祐二年，知潁昌府韓縝言：“交阯小國，其使人將及境，臣嚐近弼，難以抗禮。 按元豐中迓以兵官，餞以通判，使副詣府，其犒設令兵官主之。 請如故事。 ”仍詔所過郡，凡前宰相、執政官知判者亦如之。 又詔立回賜於闐國信分物法。 歲遣貢使雖多，止一加賜。 又命於闐國使以表章至，則間歲聽一入貢，餘令於熙、秦州貿易。
In 1087 Han Zong, prefect of Yingchang, stated: "Jiaozhi is a small state; when its envoys approach the border, I who once served among the chief ministers find it difficult to stand on equal ceremonial footing. Under Yuanfeng practice military officials welcomed them and deputy prefects hosted parting feasts; the envoy and deputy came to the prefecture, and entertainment was overseen by military officials— I ask that precedent be followed— An edict also ordered that in every commandery they passed, wherever a former chief minister or executive served as prefect, the same rule applied— An edict also established regulations for return gifts and distribution of articles to Khotan missions— Though Khotan sent tribute envoys many times a year, additional grants were made only once— Khotan envoys arriving with memorials were permitted to present tribute once every other year; others were to trade at Xi and Qin—
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禮部言：“元豐著令，西南五姓蕃，每五年許一貢。 今西南蕃泰平軍入貢，期限未及。 ”詔特許之。 學士院言：“諸蕃初入貢者，請令安撫、鈐轄、轉運等司體問其國所在遠近大小，與見今入貢何國為比，保明聞奏，庶待遇之禮不致失當。 ”宣和詔蕃國入貢，令本路驗實保明。 如涉詐偽，以上書詐不實論。
The Ministry of Rites stated: "Under Yuanfeng regulations the five southwestern surname tribes were permitted tribute once every five years. Now a southwestern tribe of Taiping Army is presenting tribute before the term has arrived— An edict specially permitted it— The Hanlin Academy stated: "For tribes first presenting tribute, pacification, military control, transport, and other offices should inquire into the state's location, distance, and size, identify which current tributary state it resembles, certify and report, so reception rites may be appropriate. In Xuanhe an edict ordered that tributary states' missions be verified and certified by the route in question— Fraud was prosecuted under the statute on false memorials—
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建炎三年，占城國王遣使進貢，適遇大禮，遂加恩，特授檢校少傅，加食邑。 自後明堂郊祀，並仿此。 紹興二年，占城國王遣使貢沉香、犀、象、玳瑁等，答以綾錦銀絹。
In 1129 the king of Champa sent tribute envoys; the mission coincided with a major ceremony, so he was specially appointed Acting Junior Mentor with added fief income— Thereafter Bright Hall suburban sacrifices followed this precedent— In 1132 the king of Champa sent agarwood, rhinoceros horn, ivory, tortoise shell, and the like; the court responded with damask, brocade, silver, and silk—
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建炎四年，南平王薨，差廣南西路轉運副使尹東句充吊祭使，賜絹布各五百匹，羊、酒、寓錢、寓彩、寓金銀等，就欽州授其國迎接人，製贈侍中，進封南越王。 封其子為交阯郡王，遇大禮，並加恩如占城國王。 淳熙元年，賜“安南國王”印，銅鑄，塗以金。
In 1130 the Prince of Nanping died; Yin Dongju, vice transport commissioner of Guangnan West Circuit, was appointed condolence envoy with five hundred bolts each of silk and cloth, goats, wine, substitute money, goods, and gold and silver; at Qinzhou these were handed to his state's reception party; he was posthumously made Palace Attendant and advanced to King of Southern Yue— His son was enfeoffed Prince of Jiaozhi; at major ceremonies he received the same favors as the king of Champa— In 1174 the court granted a seal reading "King of Annan," cast in copper and gilded—
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紹興七年，三佛齊國乞進章奏赴闕朝見，詔許之。 令廣東經略司斟量，隻許四十人到闕，進貢南珠、象齒、龍涎、珊瑚、琉璃、香藥。 詔補保順慕化大將軍、三佛齊國王，給賜鞍馬、衣帶、銀器。 賜使人宴於懷遠驛。 淳熙五年，再入貢。 計其直二萬五千緡，回賜綾錦羅絹等物、銀二千五百兩。
In 1137 Srivijaya requested leave to present a memorial and come to court; the court permitted it— The Guangdong frontier commissioner was to deliberate; only forty persons might reach the capital, presenting southern pearls, ivory, ambergris, coral, glass, and aromatic medicines— He was appointed General Who Cherishes Transformation and King of Srivijaya, and granted saddle horses, robes, belts, and silver vessels— The envoys were banqueted at the Cherish-the-Distant station— In 1178 they presented tribute again— Their tribute was valued at twenty-five thousand strings of cash; return gifts were damask, brocade, gauze, silk, and two thousand five hundred taels of silver—