Volume 123 Treatises 76: Rites 26

園陵濮安懿王園廟秀安僖王園廟莊文景獻二太子欑所上陵忌日

Imperial garden tombs; the garden temples of Princes Pu Anyi and Xiu Anxi; and tomb memorial days submitted in memorial by Crown Princes Zhuangwen and Jingxian.

皇后園陵。太祖建隆二年六月二日，皇太后杜氏崩於滋德殿。三日，百官入臨。明日大斂，欑于滋福宮，百官成服，中書、門下、文武百僚、諸軍副兵馬使以上並服布斜巾四腳、直領衤蘭衫，外命婦帕頭、帔、裙衫。九日，帝見百官於紫宸門。太常禮院言：「皇后、燕國長公主高氏、皇弟泰甯軍節度使光義、嘉州防禦使光美並服齊衰三年。准故事，合隨皇帝以日易月之制，二十五日釋服，二十七日禫除畢，服吉，心喪終制。」從之。

Empresses' imperial garden tombs. On the second day of the sixth month in the second year of Jianlong, Empress Dowager Du, mother of the dynasty, died at Zide Hall. On the third day, all officials came to pay their respects at the mourning hall. The next day came the great encoffinement, and she was laid in the coffin palace at Zifu Palace. Officials of every rank assumed full mourning dress: members of the Secretariat and Chancellery, civil and military officers, and military commissioners and above all wore four-cornered cloth mourning caps and straight-collared ramie mourning shirts; women of rank outside the palace wore kerchiefs, shawls, and skirt-robes. On the ninth day the Emperor received the officials at the Zichen Gate. The Directorate of Rites reported: "The Empress, Princess Chang of Yan the elder, Lady Gao, the Emperor's brother Guangyi, military commissioner of Taining, and Guangmei, defender of Jiazhou, should all observe three years of second-grade mourning. By precedent they were to follow the Emperor's rule of substituting days for months: on the twenty-fifth day they would lay aside mourning garments, on the twenty-seventh day complete the chan removal and wear auspicious dress, while inner mourning continued to the end of the full term." The court approved.

七月，太常禮院言：「准詔議定皇太后諡，按唐憲宗母王太后崩，有司集議，以諡狀讀於太廟，然後上之。周宣懿皇后諡，即有司撰定奏聞，未常集議，制下之日，亦不告郊廟，修諡冊畢始告廟，還，讀於靈坐前。」詔從周制。於是，太常少卿馮吉請上尊諡曰明憲皇太后。九月六日，群臣奉冊寶告於太廟，翌日上于滋福宮。十月十六日，葬安陵。十一月四日，神主祔太廟宣祖室。

In the seventh month the Directorate of Rites reported: "By edict we are to deliberate the Empress Dowager's posthumous title. When Wang, mother of Emperor Xianzong of Tang, died, the relevant offices met in council, read the posthumous title document in the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and only then presented it upward. When Empress Xuanyi of Zhou received her posthumous title, the relevant offices drafted it and reported upward without the usual council; on the day the order was issued they did not announce it at the suburban altars or the ancestral temple. Only after the posthumous book was finished did they announce it at the temple, and on returning read it before the spirit seat." An edict ordered that the Zhou precedent be followed. Thereupon Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices Feng Ji requested the elevated posthumous title Illustrious and Discerning Empress Dowager. On the sixth day of the ninth month the officials presented the book and seal and announced them at the Imperial Ancestral Temple; the next day they were presented at Zifu Palace. On the sixteenth day of the tenth month she was buried at An Mausoleum. On the fourth day of the eleventh month her spirit tablet was enshrined in the chamber of Imperial Ancestor Xuan in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.

乾德二年，改卜安陵于河南府鞏縣。三月二十五日，奉寶冊，改上尊諡曰昭憲皇太后，讀于陵次。二十六日，啟故安陵。二十七日，靈駕發引，命攝太尉、開封尹光義遣奠，讀哀冊。四月九日，掩皇堂。

In the second year of Qiande, An Mausoleum was relocated by divination to Gong County in Henan Prefecture. On the twenty-fifth day of the third month the precious book was presented and the elevated posthumous title was changed to Illustrious and Commiserating Empress Dowager, read at the mausoleum site. On the twenty-sixth day the former An Mausoleum was opened. On the twenty-seventh day the spirit procession set out. Guangyi, acting as Grandee of Ceremonies and prefect of Kaifeng, was ordered to conduct the farewell offering and read the lamentation book. On the ninth day of the fourth month the imperial crypt was sealed.

太祖孝明、孝惠二後。乾德元年十二月七日，皇后王氏崩。二十五日，命樞密承旨王仁贍為園陵使。時議改卜安陵于鞏，並以二後陪葬焉。皇堂之制，下深四十五尺，上高三十尺。陵台再成，四面各長七十五尺。神牆高七尺五寸，四面各長六十五步。南神門至乳台四十五步，高二丈三尺。吉仗用中宮鹵簿，凶仗名物悉如安陵而差減其數，孝惠又減孝明焉。

The two empresses Xiaoming and Xiaohui of Taizu. On the seventh day of the twelfth month in the first year of Qiande, Empress Wang died. On the twenty-fifth day Privy Council administrative aide Wang Renzan was appointed commissioner for the garden mausoleum. At the time the court debated relocating An Mausoleum by divination to Gong, with the two empresses to be buried there as companion tombs. The imperial crypt was to be forty-five chi deep below and thirty chi high above. The mausoleum platform was built in two tiers, each side seventy-five chi long. The spirit wall was seven chi and five cun high, each side sixty-five paces long. From the southern spirit gate to the nursing platform was forty-five paces; the platform stood two zhang and three chi high. Auspicious regalia followed the inner palace insignia; funeral regalia in name and kind all followed An Mausoleum but in reduced numbers, and Xiaohui's was further reduced below Xiaoming's.

二年三月二十七日，孝明皇后啟欑宮，群臣服初喪之服；明日，孝惠皇后自幄殿發引。皆設遣奠，讀哀冊。四月九日，葬孝惠于安陵之西北，孝明于安陵之北。二十六日，皆祔於別廟。其後，孝明升祔太祖室。

On the twenty-seventh day of the third month in the second year, Empress Xiaoming's coffin palace was opened and the officials wore initial mourning dress; the next day Empress Xiaohui's spirit procession set out from the curtained hall. For both, farewell offerings were set out and the lamentation book was read. On the ninth day of the fourth month Xiaohui was buried northwest of An Mausoleum and Xiaoming to its north. On the twenty-sixth day both were enshrined in the separate temple. Later Xiaoming was elevated to enshrinement in Taizu's chamber.

太宗賢妃李氏，真宗至道三年十二月追尊為皇太后，諡曰元德，祔葬永熙陵。大中祥符六年，升祔太宗室。

Consort Xian of Taizong, Lady Li—in the twelfth month of the third year of Zhidao, Zhenzong posthumously honored her as Empress Dowager with the title Primordial Virtue and buried her beside Yongxi Mausoleum. In the sixth year of Dazhong Xiangfu she was elevated to enshrinement in Taizong's chamber.

太宗明德皇后李氏，真宗景德元年三月十五日崩。十七日，群臣上表請聽政，凡五上始允。帝去杖、絰，服衰，即御坐，哀動左右。太常禮院言：「皇后宜准昭憲皇太后禮例，合隨皇帝以日易月之制。宗室雍王以下，禫除畢，吉服，心喪終制。」五月，詳定園陵，宜在元德皇太后陵西安葬。八月十二日，上諡。九月二十二日，遷坐于沙台欑宮。十月七日，祔神主太宗室。三年十月十五日，帝詣欑宮致奠。十六日，發引。二十九日，掩皇堂。

Empress Mingde of Taizong, Lady Li—died on the fifteenth day of the third month in the first year of Jingde. On the seventeenth day the officials submitted memorials asking him to resume government; only after five submissions did he consent. The Emperor laid aside staff and mourning headband, put on second-grade mourning dress, and took the throne at once; his grief moved all who stood beside him. The Directorate of Rites reported: "The Empress should follow the precedent set for Illustrious and Commiserating Empress Dowager and observe the Emperor's rule of substituting days for months. For imperial clansmen from Prince Yong downward, when the chan removal was complete they wore auspicious dress while inner mourning continued to the end of the full term." In the fifth month the garden mausoleum was fixed in detail: she was to be buried west of Primordial Virtue Empress Dowager's tomb. On the twelfth day of the eighth month her posthumous title was conferred. On the twenty-second day of the ninth month the spirit seat was moved to the coffin palace at Shatai. On the seventh day of the tenth month her spirit tablet was enshrined in Taizong's chamber. On the fifteenth day of the tenth month in the third year the Emperor went to the coffin palace to offer sacrifice. On the sixteenth day the spirit procession set out. On the twenty-ninth day the imperial crypt was sealed.

真宗章穆皇后郭氏，景德四年四月十五日崩。皇帝七日釋服，後改用十三日。群臣三日釋服。諸道、州、府官吏訃到日舉哀成服，三日而除。二十一日，司天監詳定園陵。帝令祔元德皇太后陵側，但可安厝，不必寬廣，其棺槨等事，無得鐫刻花樣，務令堅固。二十五日，殯于萬安宮之西階。詔兩制、三館、秘閣各撰挽詞。閏五月十三日，上諡曰莊穆。六月二十一日，葬永熙陵之西北。七月，有司奉神主謁太廟，祔享于昭憲皇后，享畢，祔別廟。大中祥符二年四月十五日，大祥。詔特廢朝，群臣奉慰。

Empress Zhangmu of Zhenzong, Lady Guo—died on the fifteenth day of the fourth month in the fourth year of Jingde. The Emperor laid aside mourning on the seventh day; later the period was changed to thirteen days. The officials laid aside mourning on the third day. Officials of every circuit, prefecture, and district, on the day the death notice arrived, raised lamentation and assumed mourning dress, laying it aside after three days. On the twenty-first day the Directorate of Astronomy fixed the garden mausoleum in detail. The Emperor ordered her buried beside Primordial Virtue Empress Dowager's tomb with only a modest resting place, not a spacious layout. Coffin and inner coffin were not to bear carved floral patterns but were to be made solid and strong. On the twenty-fifth day she was laid in state on the western steps of Wanan Palace. An edict ordered the Hanlin academicians, the Three Institutes, and the Secret Repository each to compose dirges. On the thirteenth day of the intercalary fifth month she received the posthumous title Dignified and Solemn. On the twenty-first day of the sixth month she was buried northwest of Yongxi Mausoleum. In the seventh month the relevant offices brought the spirit tablet to the Imperial Ancestral Temple, enshrined her for joint offering with Illustrious and Commiserating Empress, and after the rites enshrined her in the separate temple. On the fifteenth day of the fourth month in the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu came the great auspicious mourning rite. An edict specially suspended court, and the officials presented condolences.

真宗宸妃李氏，仁宗明道元年二月二十六日薨。初葬洪福禪院之西北，命晏殊撰墓銘。二年四月六日，追冊為莊懿皇太后。十月五日，改葬永定陵之西北隅。十七日，祔神主於奉慈廟。

Consort Chen of Zhenzong, Lady Li—died on the twenty-sixth day of the second month in the first year of Mingdao. She was first buried northwest of Hongfu Chan Monastery, and Yan Shu was ordered to compose the tomb inscription. On the sixth day of the fourth month in the second year she was posthumously enregistered as Dignified and Commiserating Empress Dowager. On the fifth day of the tenth month she was reburied in the northwest corner of Yongding Mausoleum. On the seventeenth day her spirit tablet was enshrined in Fengci Temple.

真宗章獻明肅皇后劉氏，明道二年三月二十七日崩於寶慈殿，遷坐於皇儀殿。三十日，宣遺誥，群臣哭臨，見帝於殿之東廂奉慰。宗室削杖不散發。中書、樞密、使相比宗室，去斜巾、垂帽、首絰及杖。翰林學士至龍圖閣直學士已上、並節度使、文武二品已上，又去中單及褲。兩省、御史台中丞文武百官以下，四腳幅巾、連裳、腰絰。館閣讀書、翰林待詔、伎術官並給孝服。宰相、百官朝晡臨三日，內外命婦朝臨三日。

Empress Zhangxian Mingsu of Zhenzong, Lady Liu—died on the twenty-seventh day of the third month in the second year of Mingdao at Baoci Hall, and her spirit seat was moved to Huangyi Hall. On the thirtieth day the testamentary edict was proclaimed. The officials wept in condolence and received the Emperor in the eastern wing of the hall to present condolences. Imperial clansmen shaved the mourning staff but did not loosen their hair. Compared with imperial clansmen, members of the Secretariat and Chancellery, the Privy Council, and commissioners removed slanting caps, hanging caps, headbands, and staffs. From Hanlin academicians through associate academicians of the Dragon Diagram Hall and above, together with military commissioners and civil and military officials of the second rank and above, also removed inner skirts and trousers. Officials of the two secretariats, censors-in-chief of the Censorate, and all civil and military officials below wore four-cornered kerchiefs, linked robes, and waist mourning bands. Readers in the institutes, Hanlin awaiting edicts, and technical officers were all issued mourning dress. Chancellors and all officials attended morning and evening condolence for three days; women of rank inside and outside the palace attended morning condolence for three days.

四月，遣使告哀遼、夏及賜遺留物。十日，司天監詳定山陵制度。皇堂深五十七尺。神牆高七尺五寸，四面各長六十五步。乳台高一丈九尺，至南神門四十五步。鵲台高二丈三尺，至乳台四十五步。詔下宮更不修蓋，餘依。二十七日，以宰臣張士遜為山園使。是日，翰林學士馮元請上尊諡；九月四日，讀於靈坐。十月五日，葬永定陵之西北隅。十七日，祔神主於奉慈廟。

In the fourth month envoys were sent to announce the mourning to Liao and Xia and to bestow bequest goods. On the tenth day the Directorate of Astronomy fixed the mountain mausoleum regulations in detail. The imperial crypt was fifty-seven chi deep. The spirit wall was seven chi and five cun high, each side sixty-five paces long. The nursing platform stood one zhang and nine chi high, forty-five paces from the southern spirit gate. The magpie platform stood two zhang and three chi high, forty-five paces from the nursing platform. An edict ordered that the lower palace not be rebuilt or roofed; the rest followed precedent. On the twenty-seventh day Chancellor Zhang Shixun was appointed commissioner for the mountain garden. That day Hanlin academician Feng Yuan requested the elevated posthumous title; on the fourth day of the ninth month it was read at the spirit seat. On the fifth day of the tenth month she was buried in the northwest corner of Yongding Mausoleum. On the seventeenth day her spirit tablet was enshrined in Fengci Temple.

真宗章惠皇后楊氏。景祐三年十一月五日，保慶皇太后崩。太常禮院言：「皇帝本服緦麻三月，皇帝、皇后服皆用細布，宗室皆素服、吉帶，大長公主以下亦素服，並常服入內，就次易服，三日而除。」詔以「保祐沖人，加服為小功，五日而除。」四年正月十六日，上諡。二月六日，葬永定陵之西北隅。十六日，升祔奉慈廟。

Empress Zhanghui of Zhenzong, Lady Yang. On the fifth day of the eleventh month in the third year of Jingyou, Baoqing Empress Dowager died. The Directorate of Rites reported: "In his own person the Emperor owes three months of fourth-grade mourning. The Emperor and Empress are both to wear fine cloth. Imperial clansmen are to wear plain dress with auspicious belts, and princesses of the great eldest rank and below likewise plain dress. All are to enter in ordinary dress and change at their stations, laying mourning aside after three days." An edict stated: "In protecting the young sovereign, mourning is increased to third grade and laid aside after five days." On the sixteenth day of the first month in the fourth year her posthumous title was conferred. On the sixth day of the second month she was buried in the northwest corner of Yongding Mausoleum. On the sixteenth day she was elevated to enshrinement in Fengci Temple.

仁宗慈聖光獻皇后曹氏。神宗元豐二年十月二十日，太皇太后崩于慶壽宮。是日，文武百官入宮，宰臣王珪升西階，宣遺誥已，內外舉哭，盡哀而出。二十六日大斂，命韓縝為山陵按行使。二十九日，皇帝成服。十一月，韓縝言：「永昭陵北稍西地二百十步內，取方六十五步，可為山陵。」上以迫隘，縝言：「若增十步，合征火相主及中五之數。」詔增十步。

Empress Cisheng Guangxian of Renzong, Lady Cao. On the twentieth day of the tenth month in the second year of Yuanfeng, the Grand Empress Dowager died at Qingshou Palace. That day civil and military officials entered the palace. Chancellor Wang Gui ascended the western steps, and when the testamentary edict had been proclaimed, those inside and outside raised lamentation, exhausted their grief, and departed. On the twenty-sixth day came the great encoffinement, and Han Zhen was appointed commissioner for inspection of the mountain mausoleum. On the twenty-ninth day the Emperor assumed full mourning dress. In the eleventh month Han Zhen reported: "Within two hundred ten paces slightly west of the north side of Yongzhao Mausoleum, a square plot of sixty-five paces on each side can serve as the mountain mausoleum." The Emperor said the site was too cramped. Han Zhen replied: "If we add ten paces, it will accord with the numbers governing the Fire phase and the central five." An edict ordered the plot increased by ten paces.

十二月，中書言：「先是，司天監選年月，遷祔濮安懿王三夫人。今大行太皇太后山陵，濮三夫人亦當舉葬。」於是詔宗室正任防禦使以上許從靈駕，已從濮安王夫人者，免從。

In the twelfth month the Secretariat reported: "Earlier the Directorate of Astronomy had selected the year and month for relocating and enshrining the three consorts of Prince Pu Anyi. Now that the late Grand Empress Dowager's mountain mausoleum is at hand, the three consorts of Pu must also be buried." Thereupon an edict allowed imperial clansmen holding regular posts of defender and above to follow the spirit procession, while those who had already followed Prince Pu Anyi's consorts were excused.

三年正月十四日，上諡。太常禮院言：「大行太皇太后雖已有諡，然山陵未畢，俟掩皇堂，去'大行'，稱慈聖光獻太皇太后；祔廟題神主，仍去二'太'字。」

On the fourteenth day of the first month in the third year her posthumous title was conferred. The Directorate of Rites reported: "Although the late Grand Empress Dowager already has a posthumous title, the mountain mausoleum is not yet finished. When the imperial crypt is sealed, remove 'late' and style her Grand Empress Dowager Cisheng Guangxian; when enshrining her in the temple, inscribe the spirit tablet but still omit the two characters 'Grand.'"

秘閣校理何洵直言：「按禮，既葬，日中還，虞於正寢。蓋古者之葬，近在國城之北，故可以平旦而往，至日中即虞於寢，所謂葬日虞，弗忍一日離也。後世之葬，其地既遠，則禮有不能盡如古者。今大行太皇太后葬日至第六虞，自當行之於外，如舊儀；其七虞及九虞、卒哭，謂宜行之于慶壽殿。又按《春秋公羊傳》曰：'虞主用桑。 '《士虞禮》曰：'桑主不文。 '伏請罷題虞主。」太常言：「洵直所引，乃士及諸侯之禮。況嘉祐、治平並虞于集英殿，宜如故事。又嘉祐、治平，虞主已不書諡，當依所請。」

Associate collator He Xunzhi of the Secret Repository submitted a frank memorial: "According to the rites, once burial is complete one returns at midday and performs the yu offering at the main chamber. In antiquity the dead were buried just north of the capital, so mourners could set out at dawn and by midday perform the yu at the main chamber—the 'yu on the burial day,' unwilling to be parted even for a single day. In later ages burial grounds lay far away, so the rites could no longer be observed exactly as in antiquity. For the late Grand Empress Dowager, from the burial day through the sixth yu, the rites should be performed outside the palace as in former custom; the seventh yu, the ninth yu, and the final wailing should, I submit, be performed at Qingshou Palace. The Gongyang Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals also says: 'Yu spirit tablets are made of mulberry.' The Rites of Yu for Officers says: 'Mulberry tablets are left unadorned.' I respectfully ask that the court discontinue inscribing posthumous titles on yu tablets." The Court of Imperial Sacrifices replied: "What Xunzhi cited applies to officers and feudal lords. Moreover, in the Jiayou and Zhiping reigns the yu rites were all performed at Jiying Hall, and precedent should be followed. In Jiayou and Zhiping as well, yu tablets did not bear posthumous titles; the request should be granted."

太常禮院又言：「慈聖光獻皇后祔廟，前三日，告天地、社稷、太廟、皇后廟如故事。至日，奉神主先詣僖祖室，次翼祖、宣祖、太祖、太祖後。太宗皇帝、懿德皇后、明德皇后同一祝，次饗元德皇后。慈聖光獻皇后，異饌、異祝，行祔廟之禮。次真宗、仁宗、英宗室。禮畢，奉神主歸仁宗室。如此，則古者祔謁之禮及近代遍饗故事，並行不廢。」從之。三月十日，葬永昭陵。二十二日，祔於太廟。

The Directorate of Rites also reported: "Three days before Empress Cisheng Guangxian is enshrined in the temple, announcements should be made to Heaven and Earth, the altars of soil and grain, the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and the Empresses' temple, following precedent. On the appointed day the spirit tablet should be presented first to Imperial Ancestor Xi's chamber, then to those of Yi, Xuan, Taizu, and Taizu's consorts. Emperor Taizong, Empress Yide, and Empress Mingde share one prayer text; next offer to Empress Yuande. For Empress Cisheng Guangxian, with separate offerings and a separate prayer, perform the enshrinement rite. Next visit the chambers of Zhenzong, Renzong, and Yingzong. When the rites were complete, the spirit tablet was returned to Renzong's chamber. In this way both the ancient rite of enshrinement visitation and the recent custom of offerings at every chamber would be preserved." The court approved. On the tenth day of the third month she was buried at Yongzhao Mausoleum. On the twenty-second day she was enshrined in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.

英宗宣仁聖烈皇后高氏，哲宗元祐八年九月三日崩于崇慶宮。遺誥：「皇帝成服，三日內聽政，群臣十三日，諸州長吏以下三日而除。釋服之後，勿禁作樂。園陵制度，務遵儉省。余並如章獻明肅皇太后故事。」十四日，詔園陵依慈聖光獻太皇太后之制。紹聖元年正月二十八日，禮部言：「將題神主，謹按章獻明肅皇后神主書姓劉氏。」詔依故事。四月一日，葬永厚陵。

Empress Xuanren Shengle of Yingzong, Lady Gao—died on the third day of the ninth month in the eighth year of Yuanyou at Chongqing Palace. Her testamentary edict read: "The Emperor is to assume full mourning and resume government within three days; officials for thirteen days; prefectural chief administrators and below for three days. After mourning dress is laid aside, music is not to be forbidden. Garden mausoleum arrangements are to be kept frugal. All else follows the precedent of Empress Dowager Zhangxian Mingsu." On the fourteenth day an edict ordered the garden mausoleum to follow the regulations established for Grand Empress Dowager Cisheng Guangxian. On the twenty-eighth day of the first month in the first year of Shaosheng the Ministry of Rites reported: "When the spirit tablet is inscribed, precedent shows that Empress Zhangxian Mingsu's tablet bore the surname Liu." An edict ordered that precedent be followed. On the first day of the fourth month she was buried at Yonghou Mausoleum.

神宗欽聖憲肅皇后向氏，建中靖國元年正月十三日崩。二月，太常寺言：「大行皇太后山陵一行法物，宜依元豐二年慈聖光獻皇后故事。皇堂之制，下深六十九尺，面方二丈五尺，石地穴深一丈，明高二丈一尺。鵲台二，各高四丈一尺。乳台二，各高二丈七尺。神牆高一丈三尺。」五月六日，葬永裕陵。二十六日，祔於神宗廟室。

Empress Qinsheng Xiansu of Shenzong, Lady Xiang—died on the thirteenth day of the first month in the first year of Jianzhong Jingguo. In the second month the Court of Imperial Sacrifices reported: "Ritual objects for the late Grand Empress Dowager's mountain mausoleum procession should follow the precedent set for Empress Cisheng Guangxian in the second year of Yuanfeng. The imperial crypt was to be sixty-nine chi deep below, with a face two zhang and five chi square, a stone ground pit one zhang deep, and two zhang and one chi high above. There were two magpie platforms, each four zhang and one chi high. There were two nursing platforms, each two zhang and seven chi high. The spirit wall was one zhang and three chi high." On the sixth day of the fifth month she was buried at Yongyu Mausoleum. On the twenty-sixth day she was enshrined in Shenzong's temple chamber.

哲宗皇后劉氏，政和三年二月九日崩。詔：「崇恩太后合行禮儀，可依欽成皇后及開寶皇后故事，參酌裁定。」閏四月，上諡曰昭懷皇后。五月，葬永泰陵，祔神主於哲宗廟室。

Empress of Zhezong, Lady Liu—died on the ninth day of the second month in the third year of Zhenghe. An edict stated: "The rites for Empress Dowager Chong'en may follow the precedents of Empress Qincheng and Empress Kaibao, to be deliberated and fixed." In the intercalary fourth month she received the posthumous title Illustrious and Commiserating Empress. In the fifth month she was buried at Yongtai Mausoleum and her spirit tablet enshrined in Zhezong's temple chamber.

徽宗皇后王氏，大觀二年九月二十六日崩。尚書省言：「章穆皇后故事，真宗服七日。」從之。十月，太史局言：「大行皇后園陵斬草用十月二十四日斥，土用十一月十三日，葬用十二月二十七日。諸宗室合祔葬者，並依大行皇后月日時刻。」十一月，宰臣蔡京等請上諡曰靖和皇后。十二月，奉安梓宮於永裕陵之下宮，神主祔別廟。四年十二月，改諡曰惠恭。其後，高宗復改曰顯恭。

Empress of Huizong, Lady Wang—died on the twenty-sixth day of the ninth month in the second year of Daguan. The Secretariat reported: "By the precedent of Empress Zhangmu, Zhenzong observed seven days of mourning." The court approved. In the tenth month the Astronomy Bureau reported: "For the late Empress's garden mausoleum, cutting the grass is set for the twenty-fourth day of the tenth month by divination, moving earth for the thirteenth day of the eleventh month, and burial for the twenty-seventh day of the twelfth month. Imperial clansmen to be buried as companion tombs should all follow the late Empress's year, month, day, and hour." In the eleventh month Chancellor Cai Jing and others requested the posthumous title Tranquil and Harmonious Empress. In the twelfth month the spirit coffin was installed at the lower palace of Yongyu Mausoleum and the spirit tablet enshrined in the separate temple. In the twelfth month of the fourth year her posthumous title was changed to Kind and Reverent. Later Gaozong changed it again to Illustrious and Reverent.

徽宗顯仁皇后韋氏，紹興二十九年崩，祔於永祐陵欑宮。

Empress Xianren of Huizong, Lady Wei—died in the twenty-ninth year of Shaoxing and was enshrined at the coffin palace of Yongyou Mausoleum.

高宗憲聖慈烈皇后吳氏，慶元三年崩。時光宗以太上皇承重，甯宗降服齊衰期。四年三月甲子，權欑於永思陵。

Empress Xiansheng Cilie of Gaozong, Lady Wu—died in the third year of Qingyuan. At the time Guangzong, as retired emperor, bore the chief mourning burden, while Ningzong wore reduced second-grade mourning for the full term. On the jiazi day of the third month in the fourth year she was provisionally laid in the coffin at Yongsai Mausoleum.

孝宗成肅皇后夏氏，開禧三年崩，殯於永阜陵正北。吏部尚書陸峻言：「伏睹列聖在禦，間有諸後上仙，緣無山陵可祔，是致別葬。若上仙在山陵已卜之後，無有不從葬者。其他諸後，葬在山陵之前，神靈既安，並不遷祔。惟元德、章懿二後，方其葬時，名位未正，續行追冊。其成穆皇后，孝宗登極即行追冊，改殯所為欑宮，典禮已備，與元德、章懿事體不同，所以更不遷祔。竊稽前件典禮，祇緣喪有前後，勢所當然，其於禮意，卻無隆殺。今來從葬阜陵，為合典故。」從之。

Empress Chengsu of Xiaozong, Lady Xia—died in the third year of Kaixi and was laid in state due north of Yongfu Mausoleum. Minister of Personnel Lu Jun memorialized: "I have observed that under successive sage emperors, some empresses passed away when no mountain mausoleum was yet available for companion burial, and so were buried separately. If an empress passed away after the mountain mausoleum had already been chosen by divination, none failed to be buried as a companion tomb. Other empresses buried before the mountain mausoleum was established, once their spirits were settled, were never moved for companion enshrinement. Only Empresses Yuande and Zhangyi, at the time of burial, had not yet received their proper titles and ranks; posthumous enregistration came later. Empress Chengmu, by contrast, received posthumous enregistration as soon as Xiaozong took the throne; her place of lying in state was changed to a coffin palace and the rites were complete. Her case differs from those of Yuande and Zhangyi, which is why she was not moved for companion enshrinement. I have examined these precedents: differences arise only from whether death came before or after the mausoleum was fixed, as circumstance required. In ritual meaning there is no difference of greater or lesser honor. Burial now as a companion at Fu Mausoleum accords with established precedent." The court approved.

甯宗恭聖仁烈皇后楊氏，紹定五年十二月崩，祔葬茂陵。

Empress Gongsheng Renlie of Ningzong, Lady Yang—died in the twelfth month of the fifth year of Shaoding and was buried as a companion at Mao Mausoleum.

濮安懿王園廟。治平三年，詔置園令一人，以大使臣為之。募兵二百人，以奉園為額。置柏子戶五十人。廟三間二廈，神門屋二所，及齋院、神廚、靈星門。其告祭濮安懿王及諸神祝文，並本宮教授撰。河南府給香幣、酒脯、禮物。太祝、奉禮則命永安縣尉、主簿攝，如闕官，以本府曹官。凡祭告及四仲饗，並依此制。奉安神主三獻，命西京差判官一員亞獻，朝臣一員終獻，攝。知園令出納神主。廟制用一品，夫人任氏墳域亦稱為園。

The garden temple of Prince Pu Anyi the Tranquil and Respectful. In the third year of Zhiping an edict established one garden commissioner, to be filled by a grand ambassador. Two hundred soldiers were recruited under the designation Serving the Garden. Fifty cypress-keeper households were established. The temple had three bays and two side halls, two spirit-gate buildings, and a fasting courtyard, spirit kitchen, and Spirit Star Gate. Prayer texts for announcing sacrifices to Prince Pu Anyi and the various spirits were all composed by the palace instructor. Henan Prefecture supplied incense, silks, wine, dried meat, and ritual gifts. The grand invoker and ritual attendant were assigned to the Yong'an county captain and registrar as acting officers; if posts were vacant, prefectural section officials filled them. All announcement sacrifices and the four seasonal offerings followed this regulation. For installing the spirit tablet with three offerings, one acting judge from the Western Capital was assigned as second offering and one court official as final offering, both in acting capacity. The garden commissioner received and issued the spirit tablet. The temple was regulated at first rank; the tomb domain of Lady Ren was also styled a garden.

元豐詔曰：「濮安懿王，先帝斟酌典禮，即園立廟，詔王子孫歲時奉祀，義協恩稱，後世無得議焉。今三夫人名位或未正，塋域或異處，有司置而不講，曷足以彰明先帝甚盛之德，仰承在天之志乎？三夫人可並稱曰'王夫人'，命主司擇歲月遷祔濮園，俾其子孫以時奉主與王合食，而致孝思焉。」禮官奏請，王夫人遷葬給鹵簿全仗，用鼓吹，至國門外減半。喪行與四時告享，並令嗣濮王主之。

An edict of Yuanfeng stated: "Prince Pu Anyi—the former emperor weighed the canonical rites, established a temple at his garden, and ordered the prince's descendants to offer seasonal sacrifice every year. The arrangement accords with title and favor, and posterity may not debate it. Now the three consorts' titles and ranks may remain unsettled and their tomb domains lie in different places, while the offices neglect the matter without deliberation. How can this manifest the former emperor's abundant virtue or carry out his will in Heaven? The three consorts may all be styled Consorts of the Prince. Let the responsible office choose the year and month to relocate and enshrine them at Pu Garden, so their descendants may in due season present the tablets and share offerings with the Prince, fulfilling filial devotion." Rites officials memorialized that the consorts' relocation burial be granted full insignia and a complete guard, with drums and pipes, halved outside the capital gate. The funeral procession and the four seasonal announcement offerings were all ordered to be presided over by the heir to Prince Pu.

南渡後，主奉祠事，以嗣濮王為之；園令一員，以宗室為之；祠堂主管兼園廟香火官一員，以武臣為之。紹興二年九月，詔每歲給降福建度牒一十道，充祠堂仲饗、忌祭。五年二月，嗣濮王仲湜言：「被旨迎奉濮安懿王神主至行在，今已至紹興府，欲權就本處奉安。」從之。先是，神主、神貌在廬州，嗣濮王士從乞奉遷於穩便州郡安奉故也。

After the southward crossing, presiding over sacrificial affairs was assigned to the heir to Prince Pu; one garden commissioner, drawn from the imperial clan; and one shrine superintendent also serving as garden-temple incense officer, drawn from military officials. In the ninth month of the second year of Shaoxing an edict granted ten Fujian ordination certificates each year for the shrine's mid-season and memorial-day offerings. In the second month of the fifth year the heir to Prince Pu, Zhongshi, reported: "By imperial order I have escorted Prince Pu Anyi's spirit tablet to the mobile court. It has now reached Shaoxing Prefecture, and I ask to install it provisionally at this location." The court approved. Earlier the spirit tablet and spirit likeness had been at Luzhou; the heir to Prince Pu, Shicong, had requested that they be escorted to a secure prefecture for installation.

十三年五月，知大宗正事、權主奉濮安懿王祠堂土夽言：「濮安懿王神貌、神主權於紹興府光孝寺，仲享薦祭，其獻官、牲牢、禮料並多簡略。乞令有司討論舊制。」行下禮部、太常寺令參酌，欲令土夽攝初獻，仍差士夽子或從子二人攝亞、終獻。其合用牲牢，羊、豕各一；籩、豆各十，設禮料。初獻合服八旒冕，亞獻、終獻合服四旒冕，奉禮郎、太祝、太官令服無旒冕，並以舊制從事。從之。二十六年二月，嗣濮王士俴言：「濮安懿王祠堂，外無門牖，內闕龕帳，別無供具，望下紹興府置造修奉。」淳熙五年四月詔：「濮安懿王祠堂園廟，自今實及三年，令本堂牒紹興府檢計修葺。」從嗣濮王士輵請也。

In the fifth month of the thirteenth year Tu Shen, Director of the Imperial Clan Bureau and acting presider over Prince Pu Anyi's shrine, reported: "Prince Pu Anyi's spirit likeness and spirit tablet are provisionally at Guangxiao Temple in Shaoxing Prefecture. For mid-season offerings, the offering officials, sacrificial animals, and ritual supplies are all greatly simplified. I ask that the relevant offices deliberate the former regulations." The order was sent down to the Ministry of Rites and the Court of Imperial Sacrifices for deliberation, with Tu Shen to serve as initial offering and two of his sons or grandsons assigned to act as second and final offerings. The appropriate sacrificial victims were one sheep and one pig; ten each of wooden and ceramic vessels, with ritual supplies provided. The initial offering officer was to wear the eight-tassel crown and the second and final offering officers the four-tassel crown; Masters of Ceremonies, Grand Invocators, and Grand Stewards were to wear crownless caps—all according to the former regulations. The court approved. In the second month of the twenty-sixth year Shiqiao, heir to Prince Pu, reported: "Prince Pu Anyi's ancestral hall has no doors or windows on the outside, lacks niches and curtains within, and has no offering equipment. I ask that Shaoxing Prefecture be ordered to commission and maintain it. In the fourth month of the fifth year of Chunxi an edict stated: "For Prince Pu Anyi's ancestral hall and garden temple, from now every third year the office shall notify Shaoxing Prefecture to inspect and repair the site. This followed a request from Shige, heir to Prince Pu.

秀安僖王園廟。紹熙元年三月，詔秀王襲封等典禮。禮部、太堂寺乞依濮安懿王典禮，避秀安僖王名一字。詔恭依，仍置園廟。四月，詔：「皇伯滎陽郡王伯圭除太保，依前安德軍節度使，充萬壽觀使，嗣秀王，以奉王祀。」

The garden temple of Prince Xiu Anxi the Secure and Deferential. In the third month of the first year of Shaoxi an edict established the rituals for Prince Xiu's succession and enfeoffment. The Ministry of Rites and the Court of Imperial Sacrifices asked to follow Prince Pu Anyi's rituals, tabooing one character of Prince Xiu Anxi's name. An edict approved the request respectfully and additionally ordered a garden temple established. In the fourth month an edict stated: "Imperial uncle Bogui, Prince of Fuyang Commandery, is appointed Grand Guardian, continues as military commissioner of Ande Army as before, serves as commissioner of Wanshou Palace, succeeds as Prince Xiu, and is charged with performing the prince's sacrifices."

六月，禮部、太常寺言：「濮安懿王園廟制度，廟堂、神門宜並用獸。所安木主石塪，於室中西壁三分之一近南去地四尺開坎室，以石為之，其中可容神主趺匱。今來秀安僖王及夫人神主，欲乞並依上件典禮。四仲饗廟，三獻官並奉禮郎等，系嗣秀王充初獻，本位侄男攝亞、終獻，其奉禮郎等，乞湖州差官充攝。行禮合用牲羊、豕，湖州排辦；祭器、祭服，工部下文思院製造。每遇仲饗，本府前期牒報湖州排辦。所有行禮儀注，乞從太堂寺參照濮安懿王儀注修定。」並從之。其園廟差禦帶霍漢臣同湖州通判一員相度聞奏。八月，霍漢臣暨通判湖州朱僎言奉詔相度園廟，以圖來上。十月，詔委通判一員，提督修造祠堂，如法修蓋。

In the sixth month the Ministry of Rites and the Court of Imperial Sacrifices reported: "Under Prince Pu Anyi's garden temple regulations, the temple hall and spirit gate should both employ beast-ridge ornamentation. For the wooden spirit tablet stone niche: in the chamber, on the west wall one-third from the south and four chi above the ground, a stone niche chamber is to be opened, large enough to hold the spirit tablet pedestal and case. For the spirit tablets of Prince Xiu Anxi and his consort, we ask that both follow the regulations above. For the four seasonal temple offerings, the three offering officers and Masters of Ceremonies: the successor Prince Xiu should serve as initial offering, sons and nephews of his rank should act as second and final offerings, and we ask that Huzhou dispatch officials to serve as acting Masters of Ceremonies. The sheep and pigs required for the ritual were to be arranged by Huzhou; Sacrificial vessels and robes were to be manufactured by the Wensi Institute on orders from the Ministry of Works. Whenever a seasonal offering occurred, this prefecture was to notify Huzhou in advance to make the arrangements. For all ritual protocols, we ask that the Court of Imperial Sacrifices consult Prince Pu Anyi's protocols and revise them accordingly. All was approved. For the garden temple, Imperial Guard-with-Belt Huo Hanchen was dispatched together with one vice-prefect of Huzhou to survey the site and report. In the eighth month Huo Hanchen and Zhu Suan, vice-prefect of Huzhou, reported that by edict they had surveyed the garden temple and submitted a plan. In the tenth month an edict assigned one vice-prefect to supervise repair and construction of the ancestral hall, with roofing and repairs to be carried out according to regulation.

十一月，禮工部、太常寺言：「濮安懿王園廟三間二廈、神門屋二坐、齋院、神廚、靈星門，欲令湖州照應建造。」從之。三年正月一收，嗣秀王伯圭奏：「建造秀安僖王園廟，近已畢工，所有修制神主儀式，令所司檢照典故修制，委官題寫。」詔差權禮部尚書李巘題寫。二月，伯圭又奏：「秀安僖王祠堂園廟，乞從濮安懿王例，每三年一次，從本所移牒所屬州府檢計修造。」從之。

In the eleventh month the Ministries of Rites and Works and the Court of Imperial Sacrifices reported: "Prince Pu Anyi's garden temple has three bays and two side halls, two spirit-gate buildings, a fasting courtyard, a spirit kitchen, and a Spirit Star Gate. We ask that Huzhou be ordered to build accordingly. The court approved. In the first month of the third year Bogui, heir Prince Xiu, memorialized: "Construction of Prince Xiu Anxi's garden temple has recently been completed. For the protocols for making the spirit tablets, let the relevant offices consult precedents, prepare them accordingly, and commission officials to inscribe them. An edict assigned Acting Minister of Rites Li Yan to inscribe them. In the second month Bogui again memorialized: "For Prince Xiu Anxi's ancestral hall and garden temple, I ask that following Prince Pu Anyi's precedent, every three years this office notify the responsible prefecture to inspect and repair the site. The court approved.

莊文太子喪禮。乾道三年七月九日，皇太子薨。設素幄於太子宮正廳之東。皇帝自內常服至幄，俟時至，易服皂襆頭、白羅衫、黑銀帶、絲鞋，就幄發哀。是日，皇后服素詣宮，隨時發哀，如宮中之禮。合赴陪位官並常服、吉帶入麗正門，詣宮幕次，俟時至，常服、黑帶立班。俟發哀畢，易吉服，退。

Mourning rites for Crown Prince Zhuang Wen. On the ninth day of the seventh month of the third year of Qiandao the Crown Prince died. A plain mourning canopy was set up east of the main hall of the Crown Prince's palace. The Emperor came from the inner palace in regular dress to the canopy; when the hour arrived he changed into a black cloth cap, white gauze robe, black silver belt, and silk shoes, and at the canopy began mourning lamentation. That day the Empress wore plain dress and proceeded to the palace; at the appointed time she began mourning lamentation according to palace rites. Officials due to attend in supporting ranks all entered Lizheng Gate in regular dress with auspicious belts, proceeded to the palace tent, and when the hour arrived stood in formation in regular dress with black belts. When mourning lamentation ended, they changed into auspicious dress and withdrew.

自發哀至釋服日，皇帝不視事，權禁行在音樂，仍命諸寺院聲鐘。其小斂、大斂合祭告，以本宮主管春坊官一員行禮；其餘祭告，以諸司官行禮。差護喪葬事一員，左藏庫出錢二萬貫、銀五千兩、絹五千匹。

From the mourning lamentation until the day of release from mourning, the Emperor did not attend to affairs; music at the capital was provisionally forbidden, and monasteries were ordered to sound bells. For the minor and major encoffining announcement sacrifices, one Spring Palace official in charge of the palace was to perform the rite; Other announcement sacrifices were performed by officials of the various offices. One official was assigned to oversee funeral matters; the Left Treasury provided twenty thousand strings of cash, five thousand taels of silver, and five thousand bolts of silk.

成服日，皇帝服期，次粗布襆頭、衤蘭衫、腰絰、絹襯衫、白羅鞋。六宮人不從服。皇太子妃及本宮人並斬衰三年。文武百官成服一日而除。其文武合赴官及御史台、閣門、太常寺引班祗應人並服布襆頭、衤蘭衫，腰系布帶。本宮官僚並服齊衰三日服，臨七日而除，釋衰服後藏其服，至葬日服，葬畢而除。

On the day of assuming mourning garments, the Emperor wore one-year mourning dress: a coarse cloth cap, hemp mourning shirt, waist mourning cord, silk under-robe, and white gauze shoes. Women of the Six Palaces did not wear mourning dress. The Crown Princess and palace personnel all wore the fullest three-year mourning. Civil and military officials assumed mourning for one day and then removed it. Civil and military officials due to attend, together with the Censorate, Gatekeepers, and Court of Imperial Sacrifices ushers and attendants, all wore cloth caps and hemp mourning shirts with cloth belts at the waist. Palace officials wore three-day grade mourning, kept vigil for seven days and then removed it; after laying aside mourning garments they stored them, wore them again on burial day, and removed them when burial was complete.

十二日，詔故皇太子欑所，就安穆皇后欑宮側近擇地。繼而都大主管所言：「太史局官等選到寶林院法堂堪充皇太子欑所。」從之。十三日，以皇太子薨告天地、宗廟、社稷、宮觀。十八日，賜諡莊文。閏七月一日，遣攝中書令、尚書右僕射魏杞奉諡冊、寶于皇太子靈柩前，百官常服入次，易黑帶，行禮畢，常服赴後殿門襪，進名奉慰。是夕，皇帝詣東宮行燒香之禮，如宮中之儀。

On the twelfth day an edict ordered that a site be chosen near Empress Anmu's temporary burial pavilion for the late Crown Prince's temporary burial pavilion. Subsequently the chief supervisor reported: "Officials of the Astronomical Bureau have selected the Dharma hall of Baolin Monastery as suitable for the Crown Prince's temporary burial pavilion. The court approved. On the thirteenth day the Crown Prince's death was announced to Heaven and Earth, the Imperial Ancestral Temple, the Altar of Soil and Grain, and palace temples. On the eighteenth day the posthumous title Zhuang Wen was bestowed. On the first day of intercalary seventh month Wei Qi, Acting Director of the Secretariat and Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, was dispatched to present the posthumous book and seal before the Crown Prince's coffin; officials entered in regular dress, changed to black belts, and after the rite, still in regular dress, proceeded to the rear palace gate wearing mourning footwrappings to submit their names in condolence. That evening the Emperor proceeded to the Eastern Palace to perform the incense-offering rite according to palace ritual.

二日，出葬，宰臣葉顒等詣靈柩前行燒香之禮。興靈訖，行事官陪位，親王、南班宗室、東宮官僚入班廳下，再拜，宰臣升詣香案前，上香、酹茶、奠酒訖，舉冊官舉哀冊，讀冊官跪讀，讀訖，宰臣再拜，各降階立。在位官皆再拜。靈柩進行，文武百僚奉辭於城外，親王、宗室並騎從至葬所。掩壙畢，辭訖，退。是日，百僚進名奉慰。

On the second day, at the burial procession, Chief Councillors Ye Yong and others performed the incense-offering rite before the coffin. When the coffin had been raised, officiating officials took supporting positions; imperial princes, southern-rank clansmen, and Eastern Palace officials entered formation below the hall and bowed twice. The chief councillors ascended to the incense table, offered incense, poured a tea libation, and presented wine. The book-bearer then raised the lamentation book and the reader knelt and read it. When the reading was finished, the chief councillors bowed twice and each descended the steps to stand. All officials in attendance bowed twice. The coffin proceeded; civil and military officials paid their farewell outside the city, and imperial princes and clansmen all rode in attendance to the burial site. When the grave had been covered and the farewell completed, they withdrew. That day the hundred officials submitted their names in condolence.

四年五月，禮部、太常寺言：「國朝典故，即無皇太子小祥典禮。今參酌討論，將來莊文太子小祥日，乞皇帝前後殿特不視事。其日，先命侍從官一員常服詣太子神坐前行奠酹禮，令本宮官僚常服陪位，奠酹畢，退。次慶王、恭王常服赴神坐前奠酹畢，退。次太子妃並榮國公以下行家人禮。至大祥日，太子妃、榮國公以下及本宮人行禮畢，焚燒神帛，衰服，間月，妃及榮國公行禫祭家人禮。」從之。明年七月九日大祥，是日，皇帝不視事，差簽書樞密院事梁克家詣太子宮行奠酹禮，如前儀。

In the fifth month of the fourth year the Ministry of Rites and the Court of Imperial Sacrifices reported: "Our dynasty's precedents contain no established rite for a crown prince's xiaoxiang observance. After deliberation, we propose that on Crown Prince Zhuang Wen's future xiaoxiang day the Emperor specially refrain from holding court in both the front and rear halls. On that day one attendant official in regular dress should first be dispatched to perform the offering and libation rite before the Crown Prince's spirit seat, with palace officials in regular dress attending in supporting ranks; when the offering and libation are finished, they withdraw. Next Princes Qing and Gong in regular dress proceed to the spirit seat to perform offering and libation, then withdraw. Next the Crown Princess and those below Prince of Rongguo perform family rites. On the daxiang day, after the Crown Princess, those below Prince of Rongguo, and palace personnel have finished the rites, the spirit silks are burned and mourning garments worn; after an intervening month the consort and Prince of Rongguo perform the chan sacrifice family rites. The court approved. The next year, on the ninth day of the seventh month, was the daxiang observance; that day the Emperor did not attend to affairs, and Liang Kejia, Deputy Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs, was dispatched to the Crown Prince's palace to perform the offering and libation rite according to the previous protocol.

景獻太子，嘉定十三年八月六日薨。其發哀制服，並如莊文太子之禮。九日，詔護喪視殯所于莊文太子欑宮之東，並依其制建造。九月十日，賜諡景獻，遣攝中書令、知樞密院事鄭昭先奉諡冊、寶于皇太子靈柩前，讀冊、讀寶如儀，訖，班退。至興靈日，宰臣詣皇太子柩前行禮畢，柩行。其宗室使相、南班官常服、黑帶，並赴陪位，騎從至葬所，俟掩欑畢，奉辭訖，退。其日，皇帝不視事，百司赴後殿門外立班，進名奉慰。十四年七月二日小祥，差知樞密院事鄭昭先充奠酹官。十五年八月六日大祥。九月十五日，詔景獻太子几筵已徹，高平郡夫人傅氏可特封信國夫人，仍令主奉祭祀。

Crown Prince Jing Xian died on the sixth day of the eighth month of the thirteenth year of Jiading. The mourning lamentation and garments all followed the rites for Crown Prince Zhuang Wen. On the ninth day an edict ordered the funeral oversight and viewing pavilion established east of Crown Prince Zhuang Wen's temporary burial pavilion, to be constructed according to that model. On the tenth day of the ninth month the posthumous title Jing Xian was bestowed; Zheng Zhaoxian, Acting Director of the Secretariat and Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs, was dispatched to present the posthumous book and seal before the Crown Prince's coffin; the reading of the book and seal followed ritual, and when finished the formation withdrew. On the day the coffin was raised, the chief councillors performed rites before the Crown Prince's coffin; when finished, the coffin proceeded. Imperial clansmen grand ambassadors and southern-rank officials in regular dress with black belts all attended in supporting ranks, riding in attendance to the burial site; when the temporary burial was covered and the farewell completed, they withdrew. That day the Emperor did not attend to affairs; the hundred offices stood in formation outside the rear palace gate and submitted their names in condolence. On the second day of the seventh month of the fourteenth year was the xiaoxiang observance; Zheng Zhaoxian, Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs, was assigned as offering and libation officer. On the sixth day of the eighth month of the fifteenth year was the daxiang observance. On the fifteenth day of the ninth month an edict stated: "Since Crown Prince Jing Xian's spirit seat has been removed, Lady Fu of Gaoping Commandery may be specially enfeoffed as Lady of Xinguo and ordered to preside over sacrifices."

上陵之禮。古者無墓祭，秦、漢以降，始有其儀。至唐，復有清明設祭，朔望、時節之祀，進食、薦衣之式。五代，諸陵遠者，令本州長吏朝拜，近者遣太常、宗正卿，或因行過親謁。宋初，春秋命宗正卿朝拜安陵，乙太牢奉祠。乾德三年，始令宮人詣陵上冬服，歲以為常。開寶九年，太祖幸西京，過鞏縣，謁安陵奠獻。

Rites of visiting imperial tombs. In antiquity there were no tomb sacrifices; from Qin and Han onward the rites began to appear. By the Tang there were again Qingming offerings, new- and full-moon and seasonal sacrifices, and the forms of presenting food and offering garments. In the Five Dynasties, for distant mausoleums the local prefect was ordered to pay court; for nearby ones the Court of Imperial Sacrifices or the Director of the Imperial Clan was dispatched, or the emperor paid a personal visit while passing by. In early Song, in spring and autumn the Director of the Imperial Clan was ordered to pay court at Anling with grand sacrificial victims for the offering. In the third year of Qiande palace women were first ordered to proceed to the tombs to present winter garments, and this became annual custom. In the ninth year of Kaibao Taizu visited the Western Capital, passed through Gong County, and paid respects at Anling with offerings.

雍熙二年，宗正少卿趙安易言：「昨朝拜安陵、永昌陵，有司止設酒、脯、香，以未明行事，不設燭燎。又先赴永昌陵，後赴安陵，及帝后二位不遍拜，頗愆於禮。」事下有司，議曰：「按《開元禮》，春秋二仲月，司徒、司空巡陵，不設牲牢之祀。今請如宗廟薦享，少加裁減，除不設登鉶、牙盤食及太常登歌外，餘悉如大祠。朝拜日，有司豫于陵南百步道東設次，具翦除器以備酒掃。設宗正卿位於兆外之左，西向；陵官位於卿之東南，執事官又于其南，俱西向北上。設祭器、禮料、酒饌於兆門內。宗正卿以下各就位，再拜，盥手，奠酒，讀祝冊，再拜。先赴安陵，次永昌陵，次孝明、孝惠、懿德、淑德皇后陵。」從之。

In the second year of Yongxi Zhao Anyi, Vice Director of the Imperial Clan, reported: "Yesterday in paying court at Anling and Yongchang Mausoleum, the relevant offices only set out wine, dried meat, and incense; the rite was performed before dawn without lamps. Moreover they first went to Yongchang Mausoleum and afterward to Anling, and did not pay full respects to both the emperor and empress, which greatly deviates from ritual. The matter was transmitted to the relevant offices, which deliberated: "According to the Kaiyuan Rites, in the two mid-months of spring and autumn the Minister of Education and Minister of Works inspect the tombs without setting out sacrificial victims. We now ask that it follow the ancestral temple seasonal offering with slight reduction: except for omitting the deng and zhu vessels, tooth-tray foods, and Court of Imperial Sacrifices ascending song, all else should follow the great sacrifice. On the day of paying court the relevant offices should beforehand set up a tent one hundred paces south of the tomb on the east side of the path, with trimming implements prepared for wine and sweeping. The Director of the Imperial Clan's position was to be set outside the tomb precinct to the left, facing west; the tomb official's position southeast of the director, and officiating officials again south of that—all facing west with north to the right. Sacrificial vessels, ritual supplies, and wine and food were to be set inside the tomb gate. The Director of the Imperial Clan and those below each took position, bowed twice, washed their hands, presented wine, read the invocation book, and bowed twice. They were to proceed first to Anling, next to Yongchang Mausoleum, and next to the mausoleums of Empresses Xiaoming, Xiaohui, Yide, and Shude. The court approved.

景德三年，真宗將朝諸陵，以宰臣王旦為朝拜諸陵大禮使。太常禮院言：「朝陵故事，合排小駕鹵簿。唐太宗朝獻陵，宿設黃麾仗，周衛陵寢。今請周設黃麾仗。又唐制：前一日，陵令以玉冊進禦親書，近臣奉出，陵令受之。今請造竹冊四副，祝畢焚之。其百官位舊設陵所，從祝官及皇親、客使分於神道左右，貞觀中並陪列司馬門內。今望准舊儀施行。又舊儀，詣寢宮至大次之時，設百官位，奏請行禮。望令先入赴寢殿立班。貞觀中，皇帝至小次，素服乘馬。檢會今年正月，車駕朝拜明德欑宮，止服素白衣。當時皇帝在大祥之內，今既服除，望止服淡黃袍。又按貞觀、永徽故事，朝陵皆先親後尊，拜辭訖，出還大次，便進發，今望先朝永熙陵；行事及辭，皇帝皆兩次再拜，陪位官每陵亦各兩次再拜，今請皇帝詣安陵參辭，四度再拜，永昌、永熙陵各兩度設拜。舊儀，逐寢殿上食，備太牢之饌，珍羞庶品。近以羊豕代太牢。今請備少牢之祭，設奠、讀冊畢，復詣寢宮上珍羞庶品，別行致奠之禮。又舊儀，前發二日，太尉告太廟。今請依禮遍告六室。」詔特服素白衣，行事次序如告太廟，餘依所請。

In the third year of Jingde Zhenzong was about to pay court at the various mausoleums; Chief Councillor Wang Dan was appointed Grand Ritual Commissioner for paying court at the various mausoleums. The Court of Imperial Sacrifices Directorate of Rites reported: "By precedent for paying court at the tombs, the small imperial escort guard of honor should be arranged. When Emperor Taizong of Tang paid court at Xian Mausoleum, the yellow banner guard was stationed overnight to encircle and guard the tomb precinct. We now request that the yellow banner guard be posted overnight to encircle and guard the mausoleum precinct. Under Tang regulations as well, on the day before the rite the tomb director would present the jade book inscribed in the Emperor's own hand; a close minister would carry it out, and the tomb director would receive it. We now request that four sets of bamboo invocation books be prepared and burned after the invocation is read. The positions for the hundred officials were traditionally established at the mausoleum site; invocation attendants, imperial kinsmen, and foreign envoys were placed to left and right along the spirit path—in the Zhenguan era they all stood in attendance inside the Sima Gate as well. We ask that the old rites be approved and put into practice. By the old rite as well, when proceeding to the chamber hall and on arrival at the grand temporary pavilion, the positions of the hundred officials were set and formal request was made to perform the rites. We ask that they be ordered to enter first and form ranks at the chamber hall. During the Zhenguan era the Emperor, upon reaching the minor temporary pavilion, wore plain mourning dress and rode on horseback. Reviewing the precedent of this year's first month, when the imperial procession paid court at Empress Mingde's temporary burial pavilion, the Emperor wore only plain white robes. At that time the Emperor was still within the period of extended mourning; now that mourning has ended, we ask that he wear only a pale yellow robe. Checking Zhenguan and Yonghui precedents as well, tomb visits always placed the close relative before the more honored one; after bowing and taking leave one withdrew to the grand temporary pavilion and then set out—we now ask to visit Yongxi Mausoleum first; For the rites themselves and for leave-taking, the Emperor performed two rounds of double bows, and attending officials at each mausoleum did likewise; we now request that at Anling the Emperor pay respects and take leave with four double bows, and at Yongchang and Yongxi Mausoleums two sets of bows each. The old rite called for food offerings at each chamber hall with a full grand sacrificial feast and delicacies of every kind. Recently sheep and pigs had been substituted for the full grand sacrifice. We now request the lesser sacrificial set; once the initial offering is set and the invocation read, the Emperor should again proceed to the chamber hall to present rare delicacies, in a separate rite of offering. The old rite also required that two days before departure the Grand Commander announce the visit at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. We now ask that announcement be made at all six chambers in accordance with ritual. An edict ordered that plain white garments be worn especially for the occasion, that the order of proceedings follow that for announcement at the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and that the remainder of the requests be granted.

四年正月，車駕次鞏縣，罷鳴鞭及太常奏嚴、金吾傳呼。既至，齋于永安鎮行宮，太官進蔬膳。是夜，漏未盡三鼓，帝乘馬，卻輿輦傘扇，至安陵，素服步入司馬門行奠獻禮，諸陵亦然。又詣下宮。凡上宮用牲牢、祝冊，有司奉事；下宮備膳羞，內臣執事，百官陪位，又詣元德太后陵奠獻，別於陵西南設幄殿，祭如下宮。禮畢，遍詣孝明、孝章、懿德、淑德、明德、莊懷七後陵，遂單騎從內臣巡視陵闕，而親奠夔、魏、岐、鄆、安、週六王及恭孝太子諸墳。其三陵陪葬皇子、皇孫、公主之未出閣者，及諸王夫人之蚤亡者，各設位次諸陵下宮之東序。安陵百二十一墳，量設三十位，男子、女子共祝版二；昌陵十五墳，量設十位，熙陵八墳，量設五位，並祝版一以致祭焉。辰後，暫詣幄次更衣，復詣諸陵奉辭。有司以朝拜無辭禮，帝不忍，故復往。仍遣官祭一品皇親諸親墓。

In the first month of the fourth year, when the imperial procession halted at Gong County, whip-cracking and the Court of Imperial Sacrifices guard formation and Golden Guard relayed proclamation were all suspended. On arrival the Emperor fasted at the traveling palace at Yong'an Town, and the Directorate of Palace Receptions provided vegetarian meals. That night, before the third watch had ended, the Emperor mounted a horse and set aside his carriage, palanquin, umbrellas, and fan bearers; at Anling he wore plain mourning dress and on foot entered the Sima Gate to perform the offering rites—the same at every mausoleum. He also visited the lower shrine. At the upper shrine in general, sacrificial livestock and invocation books were used and the relevant offices conducted the rites; At the lower shrine offerings were prepared, inner-palace attendants performed the duties, and the hundred officials stood in attendance; he also proceeded to Empress Dowager Yuande's mausoleum to offer sacrifice, and a tent hall was separately erected southwest of the tomb, with rites like those at the lower shrine. When the rites were complete he visited in turn the mausoleums of the seven late empresses Xiaoming, Xiaozhang, Yide, Shude, Mingde, and Zhuanghuai; then, riding alone with inner attendants, he inspected the mausoleum gates and personally made offerings at the tombs of Princes Kui, Wei, Qi, Yun, An, and Zhou, Crown Prince Gongxiao, and others. At the three mausoleums, for accompanying buried princes, imperial grandsons, and princesses who had not yet come of age, and for early-deceased wives of princes, separate positions were set east of each mausoleum's lower shrine. Anling had 121 attendant tombs, for which thirty positions were allotted, with two invocation boards shared between men and women; Yongchang Mausoleum had fifteen tombs with ten positions allotted; Yongxi Mausoleum had eight tombs with five positions allotted—each group using a single invocation board for the offerings. After the chen watch he briefly withdrew to the tent pavilion to change clothes, then returned to each mausoleum to take leave. The relevant offices held that tomb visits had no formal leave-taking rite, but the Emperor could not bear to omit it and returned again. He also dispatched officials to offer sacrifice at the tombs of first-rank imperial kinsmen and other imperial relatives.

大中祥符四年正月，祀汾陰，經鞏縣，有司請于訾村王台設幄殿，置三陵神坐，皇帝靴袍就幄，設香酒、時果、牙盤食奠獻，而命大臣以香幣、酒脯詣諸陵致告。駕還，復行親謁之禮，帝素服乘馬至永安縣，齋於行宮，夜漏未盡二鼓，詣三陵及元德太后、明德皇后陵奠獻，哀慟。未明，禮畢，復詣四陵奉辭，省視几筵，奠獻如初禮。又遍詣諸後陵、諸王墳致奠。命中使遍祭皇親諸親墳及汝州秦王墳。

In the first month of the fourth year of Dazhong Xiangfu, on the Fenyin sacrifice and passing through Gong County, the relevant offices asked that a tent hall be erected at Zicun Wang Terrace with spirit seats for the three mausoleums; the Emperor, in formal boots and robe, approached the tent with incense, wine, seasonal fruit, and tray foods for offering, while great ministers were dispatched with incense, silks, wine, and dried meat to announce the visit at each mausoleum. On the return journey the personal visit rite was performed again; the Emperor wore plain dress and rode to Yong'an County, fasting at the traveling palace; before the second watch ended he proceeded to the three mausoleums and to Empress Dowager Yuande's and Empress Mingde's mausoleums to offer sacrifice, overcome with grief. Before dawn the rites were complete; he again visited four mausoleums to take leave, inspected the spirit tables, and presented offerings as in the initial rite. He also visited in turn the mausoleums of the various late empresses and princes' tombs to present offerings. He ordered palace emissaries to sacrifice in turn at the tombs of imperial kinsmen and other relatives, and at the Prince of Qin's tomb in Ruzhou.

是歲，命禮官定春秋二仲遣官朝陵儀注，以祭服行事，專差宗正卿一員朝拜三陵，別遣官二員分拜諸陵。又制長竿簷床二副，置陵表祝版，遣寬衣軍士三十二人輿送陵下。其後添差陵廟行禮官四員，選朝官、京官宗姓者充。

That year ritual officials were ordered to establish the protocol for dispatching officials to pay court at the tombs at the spring and autumn equinoxes; they were to wear sacrificial dress, with one Director of the Imperial Clan assigned to the three mausoleums and two other officials dispatched to the remaining mausoleums. Two sets of long-pole canopied litters were also made to carry the tomb-table invocation boards, and thirty-two soldiers in everyday dress were sent to convey them to the mausoleums. Thereafter four additional officials to perform rites at the mausoleum temples were added, chosen from court and capital officials of imperial clansmen.

翰林學士錢惟演言：「春秋朝陵，載於舊式，公卿親往，蓋表至恭。唐顯慶中，始詔三公行事，天寶以後，亦遣公卿巡謁，蓋取朝廷大臣，不必須同國姓。後參用太常、宗正卿。晉開運中，亦命吏部侍郎。近年以來，止遣宗正寺官，人輕位卑，實虧舊制，望自今于丞、郎、諸司三品內遣官，闕則差兩省諫、舍以上。所冀仰副追孝之心，以成稽古之美。」景祐初，滄州觀察使守節言：「寒食節例遣宗室拜陵，而十月令內司賓往，非所以致恭。」乃詔宗室正刺史以上一員朝拜。四年，減柏子戶，安陵、永昌、永熙各留四十戶，永定五十戶，會聖宮十戶。慶曆二年寒食、十月朔，宗室刺史以上，聽更往朝陵。

Hanlin Academician Qian Weiyan said: "Spring and autumn tomb visits are recorded in the old regulations, and dukes and ministers went in person—that was the utmost reverence. In Tang's Xianqing era an edict first ordered the Three Excellencies to perform the rites; after Tianbao as well, dukes and ministers were dispatched on inspection visits—the idea was to send senior court ministers regardless of imperial surname. Later the Court of Imperial Sacrifices Director and Director of the Imperial Clan were used together. In Jin's Kaiyun era a Vice Minister of Personnel was also appointed. In recent years only officials of the Directorate of the Imperial Clan have been sent—men of little weight in positions too low, falling short of the old system. We ask that from now on officials be chosen from vice directors, court gentlemen, and third-rank bureau officials, or if none are available from remonstrance and drafting officials of the two secretariats and above. This would satisfy the spirit of filial remembrance and fulfill the ideal of honoring ancient precedent." At the beginning of Jingyou, Cangzhou Observation Commissioner Shoujie said: "Cold Food Festival custom sends imperial clansmen to pay court at the tombs, but in the tenth month the Inner Palace Protocol Officer is sent—that does not show proper reverence. An edict was then issued ordering one imperial clansman of regular prefect rank or above to perform the tomb visit. In the fourth year the cypress-guard households were reduced: Anling, Yongchang, and Yongxi each retained forty households, Yongding fifty, and Huisheng Palace ten. In Qingli 2, on Cold Food Festival and the first day of the tenth month, imperial clansmen of prefect rank or above were permitted to visit the tombs again in rotation.

皇祐三年，太常博士李壽朋奏：「帝后諸陵，薦饗皆有時，獨昭憲皇后以合葬安陵，不及時祭。」禮院言：「朝拜儀注，牲牢並如太廟常饗例，諸陵止奠一爵，而安陵奠兩爵，兩贊再拜，惟祭饌不兼設，蓋有司相承失之。」於是詔安陵昭憲皇后祝版、牲幣、禦封香依太廟同室禮。更造諸陵祭器貯別庫。三陵皆置卒五百人，唯定陵以章獻太后故，別置一指揮。昭陵使甘昭吉引定陵例，請置守陵奉先兩指揮，京西轉運司請減定陵卒半以奉昭陵，詔選募一指揮，額五百人。

In Huangyou 3, Court of Imperial Sacrifices Libationer Li Shoupeng memorialized: "Offerings at the tombs of emperors and empresses are all on fixed schedules, but Empress Zhaoxian, buried jointly at Anling, has no timely sacrifice." The Ritual Academy replied: "In the tomb-visit protocol, sacrificial livestock should follow the Imperial Ancestral Temple's regular offering, and other mausoleums present only one libation cup whereas Anling presents two, with two acclamations and double bows—but sacrificial foods are not set jointly, an error perpetuated by the relevant offices. An edict then ordered that at Anling the invocation board, sacrificial silks, and imperial sealed incense for Empress Zhaoxian follow the shared-chamber rite of the Imperial Ancestral Temple. New sacrificial vessels for the various mausoleums were made and stored in a separate depot. Five hundred soldiers were posted at each of the three mausoleums; at Dingling alone, because of Empress Dowager Zhangxian, an additional separate command was posted. Zhaoling Commissioner Gan Zhaoji, citing the Dingling precedent, asked that two commands be established for tomb-guard and ancestral veneration; the Western Capital Transport Commission proposed halving Dingling's garrison to supply Zhaoling; an edict ordered recruiting one command with a quota of five hundred men.

初，永安縣官月朔朝定陵，望朝三陵。韓琦言：「昭陵未有朝日。」乃令縣官朔望分朝諸陵。熙甯中，詔文臣大兩省、武臣閣門使以上，經過陵下，並許朝拜。又詔：「自今臣僚朝拜諸陵，除見任、嘗任執政官許進湯，餘止奠獻、薦新，不特拜。」

Initially Yong'an County officials paid court at Dingling on the first of the month and at the three mausoleums on the fifteenth. Han Qi said: "Zhaoling has no fixed day for monthly worship. County officials were then ordered to divide first- and fifteenth-day visits among the various mausoleums. During the Xining era an edict permitted civil officials of the two great secretariats and military officials of Palace Gate commissioner or above to pay court when passing any mausoleum. Another edict stated: "From now when officials visit the mausoleums, only incumbent and former chief councillors may be served tea; all others shall present offerings and seasonal offerings only, without special bows."

初，故事，車駕詣陵，謂之親謁。南渡之後，此禮不舉，故上陵或曰省視，或曰保護，或曰薦獻，或曰祭告，或曰致祭，或曰望祭，或曰修奉，悉遣官，不專於行禮也。建炎元年五月一日詔：「應永安軍祖宗陵寢，可差西京留守及台臣一員躬親省視，如有合修奉去處，措置奏聞。」仍詔鄜延路副總管劉光世充省視陵寢使。又詔河南府鎮撫使翟興團結本處義兵，保護祖宗陵寢。四年六月，詔令禮部給降度牒一百道充祭告諸陵禮料，仍令翟興所差來人賚祭告表以行。

By old precedent, an imperial visit to the tombs was called a personal audience. After the court moved south this rite was no longer performed, so tomb visits might be styled inspection, protection, offering, announcement, sacrifice, distant offering, or maintenance—all carried out by dispatched officials rather than as dedicated ritual visits. On the first day of the fifth month of Jianyan 1 an edict ordered: "At the ancestral tombs in Yong'an Prefecture, the Western Capital Military Governor and one censorial official should inspect in person and report on any repairs needed. Liu Guangshi, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Zhenyan Circuit, was also appointed Commissioner for Inspecting the Imperial Tombs. Zhai Xing, Henan Prefecture Pacification Commissioner, was also ordered to organize local militia to protect the ancestral tombs. In the sixth month of the fourth year the Ministry of Rites was ordered to issue one hundred ordination certificates as ritual supplies for tomb announcements and sacrifices, and men dispatched by Zhai Xing were to carry the announcement and sacrifice memorials.

九年正月，上謂輔臣曰：「祖宗陵寢，久淪異域，今金國既割還故地，便當遣宗室使相與臣僚前去修奉灑掃。」尋命同判大宗正事士亻褭、兵部侍郎張燾前雲河南府祗謁修奉。六月，太常丞梁仲敏等言：「春秋二仲，遣宗室遙郡防禦使薦獻諸陵，太常少卿薦獻永祐陵，權宜於行在設位行禮。今道路既通，望依舊遣官前詣。」詔令西京留守司候仲秋就便選官前詣諸陵薦獻。士亻褭、張燾回，言：「諸陵下石澗水，自兵興以來，涸竭幾十五年。二使到日，水即大至，父老驚歎，以為中興之祥。」

In the first month of the ninth year the Emperor told his chief ministers: "Our ancestral tombs have long lain in enemy territory; now that the Jin have restored the old lands, we should send imperial clansmen of ministerial rank and officials to restore and sweep them. Shìniǎn, Vice Director of the Imperial Clan, and Zhang Tao, Vice Minister of War, were soon ordered to Henan Prefecture to pay reverent court and restore the tombs. In the sixth month Liang Zhongmin, Libationer of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, and others reported: "At the spring and autumn equinoxes, remote prefecture defenders from the imperial clan offer at the various tombs, and the Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices at Yongyou Mausoleum—a temporary arrangement using positions set up at the mobile court. Now that the roads are open we ask that officials again be sent there as before. An edict ordered the Western Capital Military Governor to select officials at mid-autumn when convenient and send them to the various tombs to offer. When Shìniǎn and Zhang Tao returned they reported: "The stone-brook water below the various tombs had been dry for nearly fifteen years since the wars began. On the day the two envoys arrived the water surged; local elders were astonished, taking it as a sign of the dynasty's restoration."

十年三月，禮部言：「池州銅陵縣丞呂和問進宮陵儀制，望付太常寺以備檢照。永安軍等處今已收復，遂委知軍詣諸陵逐位檢視，除永定、永昭、永厚、永裕、永泰陵園廟並無損動，內永安、永昌、永熙陵神台璺裂，未敢一面擅行補飾。太常寺看詳若行補修，合就差所委修飾官奏告行禮。」詔令河南府委官，如法補飾，不得滅裂。其後兵部侍郎兼史館修撰張燾言：「伏見宣諭官方庭實有請，乞將來先帝山陵，一依永安陵等制度。臣區區愚忠，願明詔有司，異時永固陵凡金玉珍寶盡斥不用，播告天下，咸使聞知。如是，自然可保無虞。」上嘉納之。三十二年六月，詔祖宗陵寢，令本處招討使同本處官吏躬親朝謁，如法修奉，務在嚴潔，以稱孝思之意。

In the tenth year, third month, the Ministry of Rites reported: "Lü Hewen, assistant magistrate of Tongling County in Chizhou, submitted protocols for imperial tomb rites; we ask that they be forwarded to the Court of Imperial Sacrifices for reference. Yong'an Prefecture and other sites having been recovered, the military prefect was ordered to inspect each mausoleum in turn; the garden temples and precincts of Yongding, Yongzhao, Yonghou, Yongyu, and Yongtai were undamaged, but the spirit platforms at Yong'an, Yongchang, and Yongxi mausoleums were cracked—they did not dare undertake repairs unilaterally. If the Court of Imperial Sacrifices upon review approves repair, the officials assigned to restoration should report and perform the rites. An edict ordered Henan Prefecture to assign officials to repair in accordance with regulations, without negligent workmanship. Later Zhang Tao, Vice Minister of War and Historiographic Compiler, said: "In the imperial pronouncement I saw Fang Tingjie's request that future imperial tombs follow the Yong'an system. In my humble loyalty I ask that the throne issue a clear edict to the relevant offices: when the Ever-Firm Mausoleum is built, all gold, jade, and treasure shall be entirely forsworn, proclaimed throughout the realm so that all may know. Thus the tombs would naturally remain secure. The Emperor praised and accepted this. In the thirty-second year, sixth month, an edict ordered that at the ancestral mausoleums the local Pacification Commissioner and local officials pay court and maintain them in person according to regulation, with scrupulous cleanliness, in keeping with filial remembrance.

乾道六年八月，詔承信郎劉湛特轉兩官，右迪功郎劉師顏特與右承務郎升擢差遣，秦世輔特轉一官，升充正將，以湛等歸正結義保護陵寢故也。

In Qiandao 6, eighth month, Assurance Gentleman Liu Zhan was specially promoted two ranks; Aspirant Gentleman Liu Shiyan was specially granted Right Assurance Gentleman with promotion and assignment; Qin Shifu was specially promoted one rank to Senior Commander—for they had reaffirmed allegiance and sworn fellowship to protect the imperial tombs.

端平元年正月，京西湖北安撫制置使史嵩之露布以滅金聞。二月，御筆：「國家南渡以後，八陵迥隔，常切痛心。今京湖帥臣以圖來上，恭覽再三，悲喜交集，凡在臣子，諒同此情。可令卿、監、郎官以上，詣尚書省恭眡集議。」遂遣太常寺主簿朱揚祖、閣門祗候林拓朝謁八陵。

In the first month of Duanping 1, Shi Songzhi, Pacification Commissioner and Military Affairs Set-up Commissioner of Jingxi and Hubei, announced by sealed dispatch that the Jin had been destroyed. In the second month the Emperor wrote in his own hand: "Since the court moved south, the eight tombs have lain far away—a constant wound to the heart. Now the commander of Jing and Hu has submitted a map; reading it again and again, joy and grief mingled—every subject surely shares this feeling. Let court gentlemen, supervisors, and officials of third rank and above proceed to the Ministry of Personnel to view the map and convene for deliberation. The Court of Imperial Sacrifices Registrar Zhu Yangzu and Palace Gate Attendant Lin Tuo were then dispatched to pay court at the eight tombs.

紹興元年六月，太常寺言：「昭慈獻烈皇太后欑宮在越州會稽縣，合依四孟朝獻禮例，差宰執一員，前一日赴欑宮泰寧寺宿齋，至日，行朝拜之禮。」詔同知樞密院事李回行禮。二年三月，知紹興府張守言：「昭慈獻烈皇后欑宮近在府界，望許臣以時朝謁。」從之。自是守臣皆許朝謁。

In Shaoxing 1, sixth month, the Court of Imperial Sacrifices reported: "Empress Dowager Zhaoci Xianlie's temporary burial pavilion is in Kuaiji County, Yuezhou; following the four seasonal first-month offering precedent, one chief councillor should fast at Taining Temple by the pavilion the day before and perform the court visit on the day. Li Hui, Vice Director of the Privy Council, was ordered to perform the rites. In the second year, third month, Zhang Shou, Prefect of Shaoxing, said: "Empress Zhaoci Xianlie's temporary burial pavilion lies within the prefecture; I ask permission to pay court at the proper times. The request was approved. Thereafter all prefects were permitted to pay court.

十七年十一月，殿中侍御史余堯弼言：「望舉行舊制，于春秋二仲遣官詣永祐陵欑宮薦獻。」臣僚又言：「陵廟之祭，月有薦新，著在令典。方今宗廟久已遵奉，惟是永祐陵闕而未講，望令有司討論，舉而行之。」太常寺討論：「欲依《政和五禮》依典故，令兩欑宮遵依每月檢舉，差官行禮，其新物令逐宮預行關報紹興府排辦。」從之。

In the seventeenth year, eleventh month, Palace Censor Yu Yaobi said: "We ask that the old system be restored, dispatching officials at the spring and autumn equinoxes to Yongyou Mausoleum's temporary burial pavilion to offer. Officials also said: "Mausoleum sacrifice includes monthly seasonal offerings recorded in the ordinances. The Imperial Ancestral Temple has long been duly served, but Yongyou Mausoleum alone has not; we ask the relevant offices to study and implement this. The Court of Imperial Sacrifices deliberated: "We propose following the Zhenghe Five Rites and precedent: the two temporary burial pavilions should inspect monthly, dispatch officials to perform rites, and have each pavilion notify Shaoxing Prefecture in advance to arrange seasonal offerings. The proposal was approved.

二十七年六月，詔：「永祐陵及昭慈聖獻皇后欑宮檢察承受，以檢察宮陵所為名。」

In the twenty-seventh year, sixth month, an edict established inspection and reception for Yongyou Mausoleum and Empress Zhaoci Shengxian's temporary burial pavilion under the name Office for Supervising Imperial Tombs and Shrines.

三十年九月，吏部言：「紹興府會稽知縣依仿陵台令典故，於階銜內帶兼主管欑宮事務，量加優異。」

In the thirtieth year, ninth month, the Ministry of Personnel reported: "Shaoxing Prefecture's Kuaiji county magistrate, following the Mausoleum Platform Director precedent, should in his title concurrently supervise the temporary burial pavilions, with appropriate additional preferment."

淳熙元年正月，禮部、太常寺言：「春秋二仲，差太常少卿薦獻永祐陵欑宮，並周視陵域。如遇少卿有缺，乞從本寺前期取指揮。差本寺以次官充攝。所有今年仲春薦獻，即日見闕少卿。」詔差太常丞錢良臣。自後春秋遇少卿闕，率以為例。

In the first year of Chunxi, first month, the Ministry of Rites and Court of Imperial Sacrifices reported: "In the two mid-seasons of spring and autumn, a Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices should be dispatched to offer seasonal sacrifices at Yongyou Mausoleum's temporary burial pavilion and to inspect the entire mausoleum precinct. If the vice directorship is vacant, we ask that orders be obtained from the Court in advance. An official next in rank within the Court should serve as acting substitute. This year's mid-spring offering currently lacks a vice director. The court appointed Assistant Director Qian Liangchen of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. Thereafter, whenever a spring or autumn offering found the vice directorship vacant, this became the established precedent.

慶元元年六月，詔：「永阜陵孝宗皇帝欑宮，每歲秋季一就，令所差監察御史恭詣朝拜檢察。」從御史台申請。諸陵亦如之。

In Qingyuan 1, sixth month, an edict ordered: "At Emperor Xiaozong's temporary burial pavilion at Yongfu Mausoleum, the assigned investigating censor should once each autumn respectfully pay court, worship, and inspect. This followed a petition from the Censorate. The same arrangement applied to all other imperial mausoleums.

忌日，唐初始著罷樂、廢務及行香、修齋之文。基後，又朔望停朝，令天下上州皆准式行香。天祐初，始令百官詣閣奉慰。宋循其制，惟宣祖、昭憲皇后為大忌。前一日不坐，群臣詣西上閣門奉慰，移班奉慰皇太后，退，赴佛寺行香。凡大忌，中書悉集；小忌，差官一員赴寺。如車駕巡幸道遇忌日，皆不進名奉慰。留守自於寺院行香，仍不得在拜表之所。天下州府軍監亦如之。

Regulations for memorial days first appeared under Tang, prescribing cessation of music, suspension of official business, incense offerings, and vegetarian observances. After these initial provisions, court sessions were also suspended on the first and fifteenth of each month, and all superior prefectures empire-wide were required to offer incense according to established procedure. At the start of the Tianyou era, officials were first ordered to proceed to the pavilion to offer condolences. Song followed this system, but only the Xuan Ancestor and Empress Zhaoxian were observed as major memorial days. On the eve, the emperor did not hold court. Officials proceeded to the West Upper Gate Pavilion to offer condolences, then shifted formation to condole the Empress Dowager, withdrew, and went to Buddhist temples to offer incense. On major memorial days, the entire Secretariat assembled; For minor memorial days, a single official was dispatched to the monastery. When the imperial procession was on tour and a memorial day occurred, no condolence submissions by name were made. The capital regent himself offered incense at a monastery and was not permitted to do so at the memorial-submission site. The same rules applied to prefectures, circuits, garrisons, and superintendentancies throughout the empire.

建隆二年，宣祖忌日，時明憲太后在殯，群臣止詣閣奉慰而罷行香。乾德二年，禘於太廟，其日，惠明皇后忌，有司言：「唐開成四年正月二十二日祀先農，與穆宗忌同日；太和七年十二月八日蠟百神，與敬宗忌同日。詔以近廟忌辰，作樂非便，宜令縣而不作。竊以農、蠟之祭，猶避廟忌而不作樂，況僖祖同廟連室而在諱辰，詎可輒陳金石之奏？伏望依禮縣而不作。」其後，宣祖、昭憲忌日，詔准太祖、太宗奉翼祖禮，前一日更不廢務。

In Jianlong 2, on the Xuan Ancestor's memorial day, while Empress Dowager Mingxian remained in encoffinement, officials only offered condolences at the pavilion and incense offerings were suspended. In Qiande 2, during the di rite at the Imperial Ancestral Temple, the day coincided with Empress Huiming's memorial. The responsible offices noted: "In Tang Kaicheng 4, the First Farmer sacrifice on the twenty-second of the first month fell on the same day as Emperor Muzong's memorial; In Taihe 7, the eighth of the twelfth month, the wax offering to the Hundred Spirits likewise coincided with Emperor Jingzong's memorial. An edict ruled that because these were recent ancestral temple memorial anniversaries, music was inappropriate and the suspended musical sets should remain hung up unplayed. If even the agricultural and wax sacrifices avoided music on temple memorial days, how much more so on a tabooed day when the Xian Ancestor's spirit seat shares the temple in adjoining chambers—how could metal and stone music be performed? I respectfully request that, in accordance with ritual, the musical sets remain suspended unplayed. Thereafter, for the Xuan Ancestor's and Empress Zhaoxian's memorial days, an edict adopted the precedent of Taizu and Taizong honoring the Yi Ancestor, and the eve no longer required suspension of official business.

咸平中，有司將設春宴，金明池習水戲，開瓊林苑，縱都人遊賞。帝以是月太宗忌月，命詳定故事以聞。史館檢討杜鎬等言：「按晉穆帝納後月，是康帝忌月，禮官荀訥議：'有忌日，無忌月；若有忌月，即有忌時、忌歲，益無所據。 '當時從訥所議。唐武后神功元年，建安王攸宜破契丹，詣闕獻捷，軍人入城，例有軍樂，內史王及善以國家忌月，請備而不奏。鳳閣侍郎王方慶奏：'按《禮經》，有忌日而無忌月。 '遂舉樂。憲宗時，太常博士韋公肅言：「《禮》無忌月禁樂，今太常教坊以正月為忌月，停郊廟饗宴之禮，中外士庶咸罷宴樂，竊恐乖宜。 '時依公肅所奏。伏以忌日不樂，嘗載《禮經》；忌月徹縣，實無典故。況前代鴻儒，議論足據。其春宴及池苑，併合舉樂。」

During the Xianping era, officials planned a spring banquet, water games at Jinming Pool, opening Qionglin Garden, and allowing capital residents free recreation. Because that month was Taizong's taboo month, the emperor ordered a detailed review of precedents and a report. Du Hao, Collator of the Historiography Institute, and others reported: "When Emperor Mudi of Jin took a consort, the month coincided with Emperor Kangdi's taboo month. Ritual Officer Xun Ne argued: 'There are taboo days but no taboo months; if taboo months existed, there would also be taboo hours and taboo years, for which there is even less justification. At the time, Ne's argument was adopted. In Tang Shengong 1, Prince of Jian'an Youyi defeated the Khitan and came to court to report victory. When the troops entered the city, military music was customary, but Grand Secretary Wang Jishan, citing the state's taboo month, requested that it be prepared but not played. Vice Director Wang Fangqing of the Phoenix Pavilion memorialized: 'According to the Classic of Rites, there are taboo days but no taboo months. Music was then performed. Under Emperor Xianzong, Wei Gongsu, Erudite of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, said: "The Rites contain no prohibition of music in taboo months; yet the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and Music Office now treat the first month as a taboo month, suspend suburban and temple feasts, and ban banquets and music throughout court and society—I fear this is inappropriate. At the time, Gongsu's memorial was adopted. I respectfully note that abstaining from music on taboo days is recorded in the Classic of Rites; suspending musical sets in taboo months has no genuine historical precedent. Moreover, eminent scholars of earlier ages provide ample precedent. The spring banquet and the pool and garden festivities should all proceed with music."

景德元年，北征凱旋京師，是日，以懿德皇后忌，詔徹鹵簿、鼓吹。禮官議曰：「班師振旅，國之大事，後之忌日，家之私事。今大賀凱旋，軍容宜肅。昔武王伐紂在諒沍中，猶前歌後舞。夫諒沍是重，遠忌是輕，以此而論，舉樂無爽。況《春秋》之義，不以家事辭王事，其還京日，法駕、鼓吹、音樂，並請振作。」

In Jingde 1, upon returning in triumph to the capital from the northern campaign, the day coincided with Empress Yide's memorial, and an edict ordered the honor guard and martial music withdrawn. Ritual officers argued: "Returning the army in triumph is a great affair of state; an empress's memorial day is a private family matter. Now, in grand celebration of victory, the military procession should be solemn. Formerly, King Wu's campaign against Zhou took place during the mourning period, yet there was singing in front and dancing behind. Mourning is weighty and a distant memorial is comparatively light; on this basis, performing music would be without impropriety. Moreover, the Spring and Autumn Annals teach that royal affairs should not be set aside for family matters; on the day of return to the capital, the imperial carriage, martial music, and ceremonial music should all be restored."

尋詔：「自今宗廟忌日，西京及諸節鎮給錢十千，防禦、團練州七千，軍事州五千，以備齋設。」元德皇后忌日，舊制，樞密使依內諸司例，惟進名，不赴行香，知樞密院王欽若以為言。自是，三司使副、翰林樞密龍圖直學士並赴焉。真宗崩，元德、明德皇后忌日在禫制內，乃停進名行香。凡奉慰，宰相、樞密使各帥百官、內職共進名，節度使、留後、觀察使各進名。

Shortly thereafter an edict ordered: "Henceforth on ancestral temple memorial days, the Western Capital and all military commissions shall receive ten thousand cash, defense and training prefectures seven thousand, and military prefectures five thousand, to fund vegetarian offerings. On Empress Yuande's memorial day, by old regulation the Commissioner of Military Affairs, following inner bureau precedent, only submitted a name and did not attend incense offerings; Wang Qinruo, Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs, raised objections. Thereafter, deputy commissioners of the Three Departments, Hanlin, Military Affairs, and Longtu Academicians all attended. When Emperor Zhenzong died, the memorial days of Empresses Yuande and Mingde fell within the chan mourning period, and name submissions and incense offerings were suspended. For all condolence offerings, chief councillors and military commissioners each led officials and inner service personnel in joint name submissions; military commissioners, acting commissioners, and observation commissioners each submitted names separately.

忌日前後，各禁刑三日如天慶節，釋杖以下情輕者，復斷屠宰，不視事前後各三日，禁樂各五日。其後，以歲月漸遠，禁刑、不視事各二日，禁樂各三日。章憲明肅太后忌辰，禮官請依章懿太后禮例，前後各二日不視事，一日禁屠宰，各三日禁樂。詔：應大忌日，行香，臣僚並素食。復立孝惠、孝章、淑德、章懷、章惠、溫成諸後為小忌，未幾，罷。神宗即位，太常禮院言：「僖祖及文懿皇后神主既祧，准禮不諱，忌日亦請依唐睿宗祧遷故事廢之。」

Before and after memorial days, punishments were forbidden for three days as on the Tianqing Festival; lighter cases below release from the cudgel were exempted; slaughter was again prohibited; official business was suspended for three days before and after; and music was forbidden for five days. Thereafter, as time passed, prohibition of punishments and suspension of official business were each reduced to two days, and prohibition of music to three days. On Empress Dowager Zhangxian Mingsu's memorial anniversary, ritual officers requested following Empress Dowager Zhangyi's precedent: two days before and after without attending to affairs, one day prohibiting slaughter, and three days prohibiting music. An edict ordered: On all major memorial days when incense was offered, officials and staff were to eat vegetarian food. Empresses Xiaohui, Xiaozhang, Shude, Zhanghuai, Zhanghui, and Wencheng were again designated minor memorial days; before long, the practice was abolished. When Emperor Shenzong acceded, the Court of Imperial Sacrifices Ritual Institute reported: "Since the spirit tablets of the Xian Ancestor and Empress Wanyi have been removed to distant storage, taboo no longer applies; we request that their memorial days be abolished following the Tang precedent of Emperor Ruizong's removal."

初，神禦殿酌獻，設皇帝位於庭下，而忌日兩府列於殿上；寺院行香，左右巡使、兩赤縣令于中門相向分立，俟宰臣至，立位前，直省官贊通揖，於禮無據。乃命行香群臣班殿下，宰相一員升殿跪爐，而罷通揖。又詔：大忌日不為假，執政官蚤出。禮部言：「順祖及惠明皇后既葬遷主，罷行香。忌日，請於永昌院佛殿之東張幄齋薦。」乃詔：「僖祖、翼祖並後六位忌日鹹如之。」先是，翼祖、簡穆皇后神主奉藏夾室，依禮不忌。後復詔還本室，而忌日亦如舊焉。

Initially, at libation offerings in the Hall of Imperial Spirits, the emperor's seat was placed in the courtyard below, while on memorial days the two departments lined up on the hall above; at monasteries for incense offerings, left and right patrol commissioners and the magistrates of the two red counties stood facing each other at the middle gate, waited for chief councillors to arrive, stood before their positions, and direct-service officials announced mutual bows—all without ritual basis. Thereupon officials offering incense were ordered to form ranks below the hall, one chief councillor to ascend and kneel at the censer, and mutual bows were abolished. Another edict ordered: On major memorial days no leave was granted; executive officials departed early. The Ministry of Rites reported: "Since the Shun Ancestor and Empress Huiming have been buried and their spirit tablets moved, incense offerings are abolished. On memorial days, we request erecting a canopy east of the Buddha hall at Yongchang Cloister for vegetarian offerings. An edict then ordered: "The Xian Ancestor, Yi Ancestor, and the six empresses' memorial days shall all follow the same arrangement. Previously, the spirit tablets of the Yi Ancestor and Empress Jianmu had been stored in the side chamber, and according to rites no taboo applied. Later an edict ordered them returned to the original chamber, and memorial days likewise reverted to the former practice.

《政和新儀》：群臣進名奉慰，其日質明，文武朝參官入詣朝堂就次。御史台先引殿中侍御史一員入就位，次西上閣門、御史台分引朝參官及諸軍將校，次禮直官引三公以下在西上閣門南階下，每等重行異位，並北向東上。知西上閣門官于班前西向立，搢笏，執名紙，躬。三公以下文武百僚俱再拜，俊閣門官執笏、置名紙笏上、入西上閣門訖，退。群臣奉慰詣景靈宮，每等重行異位，並北向東上。禮直官揖班首以下再拜訖，引班首自東階升殿，舍人接引同升，詣香案前，搢笏，上香，跪奠茶訖，執笏興，降階復位，又再拜；次引班首以下分左右搢笏，行香，宰相、執政官分左右行香訖，執笏俱復位；次引班首升殿，詣香案前俯伏，跪，搢笏，執爐，俟讀疏畢，執笏俯伏，興，降階復位，又再拜，退。

New Rites of the Zhenghe Era: For officials' condolence submissions by name, at dawn that day civil and military court-attending officials entered the court hall and took their places. The Censorate first led one palace attendant censor to take position; then the West Upper Gate Pavilion and Censorate separately led court-attending officials and military officers; then ritual attendants led the Three Excellencies and below to the south steps of the West Upper Gate Pavilion, each rank in double rows at separate positions, all facing north and ascending eastward. The official in charge of the West Upper Gate Pavilion stood facing west before the ranks, inserted his tablet, held the name paper, and bowed. The Three Excellencies and below, all civil and military officials, bowed twice together; then the pavilion official held his tablet, placed the name paper upon it, entered the West Upper Gate Pavilion, and withdrew. Officials offering condolences proceeded to Jingling Palace, each rank in double rows at separate positions, all facing north and ascending eastward. Ritual attendants bowed to the rank leader and below until all had bowed twice; led the rank leader up the east steps, ushers guided them together to the incense table, where they inserted tablets, offered incense, knelt and presented tea, then rose, descended, returned to position, and bowed twice again; next led the rank leader and below to left and right to insert tablets and offer incense; chief councillors and executive officials offered incense on left and right, then all returned to position; next led the rank leader up the hall to prostrate before the incense table, kneel, insert his tablet, hold the censer, wait until the memorial text was read, rise, descend, return to position, bow twice again, and withdraw.

中興之制：忌日，百僚行香，在外州軍亦詣寺院行香，如在以日易月服制之內，並依禮例權停。大祥後次年，於曆日內箋注立忌辰，禁音樂一日。紹興元年二月，太常少卿蘇遲等以徽宗、欽宗留北，有朔望遙拜之禮，乃言：「凡遇祖宗帝后忌，前一日並忌日，皇帝自內先服紅袍遙拜訖，易服行禮。」從之。二年八月，詔：「應諸路州、軍見屯軍馬統兵官，每遇國忌，免行香。」

Regulations of the Restoration: On memorial days, officials offered incense; officials in outer prefectures and garrisons also proceeded to monasteries; if within the mourning system of substituting days for months, all were provisionally suspended according to ritual precedent. In the year after the great auspicious rite, a memorial anniversary was noted on the calendar, and music was forbidden for one day. In Shaoxing 1, second month, Vice Director Su Chi and others, noting that Emperors Huizong and Qinzong remained in the north and that distant bowing on new and full moons was observed, reported: "Whenever ancestral emperors' and empresses' memorials occur, on the eve and on the memorial day itself, the emperor should first wear a red robe in the inner palace and complete distant bowing, then change dress to perform the rites. The request was approved. In the second year, eighth month, an edict ordered: "All commanding officers of stationed troops in prefectures and garrisons on the various circuits shall be exempt from incense offerings on state memorial days."

十三年正月，御史台言：「正月十三日，欽聖憲肅皇后忌，其日立春。准令，諸臣僚及將校立春日賜幡勝，遇稱賀等拜表、忌辰奉慰退即戴。欲乞候十三日忌辰行香退，即行戴插。」從之。三十一年六月，禮部侍郎金安節等言：「六月二十八日，欽慈皇后忌辰，系在淵聖皇帝以日易月釋服之外，百官行香，宜如常制。」詔依。三十二年正月，禮部、太常寺言：「已降旨：欽宗祔廟，翼祖當遷。於正月九日告遷翼祖皇帝、簡穆皇后神主奉藏於夾室，所有以後翼祖皇帝忌及諱、簡穆皇后忌，欲乞依禮不諱、不忌。」詔恭依。

In the thirteenth year, first month, the Censorate reported: "The thirteenth of the first month is Empress Qinsheng Xiansu's memorial, and that day is also the Beginning of Spring. According to regulations, officials and military officers receive streamers and victory pennants on the Beginning of Spring and don them immediately after congratulatory memorials or after submitting memorials and offering condolences on memorial anniversaries. We request that pennants be donned only after incense offerings on the thirteenth, the memorial anniversary, have concluded. The request was approved. In the thirty-first year, sixth month, Vice Minister Jin Anjie of the Ministry of Rites and others reported: "The twenty-eighth of the sixth month is Empress Qinci's memorial anniversary, which falls outside Emperor Yuansheng's release from the substituting-days-for-months mourning; officials' incense offerings should follow regular procedure. The court approved. In the thirty-second year, first month, the Ministry of Rites and Court of Imperial Sacrifices reported: "An order has already been issued: with Emperor Qinzong's enshrinement in the temple, the Yi Ancestor must be moved. On the ninth of the first month, announce the move of the Yi Ancestor's and Empress Jianmu's spirit tablets to the side chamber; for all future tabooed names and memorial days of the Yi Ancestor and memorial days of Empress Jianmu, we request that taboo and memorial observance no longer apply, in accordance with rites. The court respectfully approved.

淳熙元年十一月詔：「文武百僚詣景靈宮國忌立班行香，自今如遇宰執俱致齋不及趁赴，于東班從上引官一員升殿跪爐行香，以次官一員詣西班行香。」先是，閣門得旨：國忌行香，宰執致齋不赴，其西壁武臣闕官押班，已降指揮，差使相或太尉、節度使等押班，可令文武班內班上一員東壁押班，止令西壁散香，今後准此。至是，禮部、太常寺重別指定來上，故有是命。

In Chunxi 1, eleventh month, an edict ordered: "When civil and military officials proceed to Jingling Palace to form ranks and offer incense on state memorial days, if chief councillors and executive officials are all observing fasts and cannot attend, one usher from the top of the east ranks shall ascend and kneel at the censer, and one official next in rank shall offer incense on the west side. Previously, the Pavilion Gate received orders that when chief councillors observing fasts did not attend state memorial incense offerings and the west side lacked a military official to lead ranks, envoy-ministers, grand marshals, or military commissioners were dispatched; one inner-rank official from the civil and military formations could lead the east side, with incense scattered only on the west—this became the standard. At this point, the Ministry of Rites and Court of Imperial Sacrifices resubmitted revised specifications, hence this order.

四年十月，太常少卿齊慶胄言：「每遇國忌，文臣班列莫敢不肅，唯是武臣一班員數絕少，或以疾病在告，多不趁赴。」詔閣門、御史台申嚴行下，如有違戾，彈劾聞奏。九年十月，侍御史張大經奏：「比來國忌行香日分，合赴官類多托疾在告，以免夙興拜跪之勞。乞自今如遇行香日，有稱疾托故不赴者，從本台彈奏，乞置典憲。」從之。

In the fourth year, tenth month, Vice Director Qi Qingzhou reported: "On state memorial days, civil officials' ranks are invariably solemn; only the military rank has very few members, and many fail to attend, citing illness and leave. An edict ordered the Pavilion Gate and Censorate to enforce this strictly; violators were to be impeached and reported. In the ninth year, tenth month, Attending Censor Zhang Dajing memorialized: "Recently on state memorial incense days, officials due to attend mostly claim illness and leave to avoid rising early to bow and kneel. We request that henceforth, whenever officials claim illness or invent excuses to avoid incense days, this Censorate shall impeach them, and statutory penalties be established. The request was approved.

群臣私忌。開寶敕文：「應常參官及內殿起居職官等，自今刺史、郎中、將軍以下遇私忌，請准式假一日。忌前之夕，聽還私第。」其後有司言：「臣僚忌日恩賜，其間甚有無名者：如劉繼元、李煜、劉鋹之類，皆身為降俘，亡沒已久，而尚沾恩賜；及周朝忌日，尚有追薦；本朝亦有追尊皇后生日道場，並諸神祠亦有為生日者。請付禮官詳議，不經之物，一切省去。」詔周朝忌日仍舊，餘罷之。

Officials' private memorial days. Kaibao edict: "All regular-attendance officials and inner-hall audience officials—from prefects, bureau directors, and generals downward—shall receive one day's leave according to formula on private memorial days. On the eve before the memorial, they were permitted to return to their private residences. Thereafter the responsible offices reported: "Among memorial-day favors granted to officials, many are unwarranted: Liu Jiyuan, Li Yu, Liu Chang, and the like were all surrendered captives long dead, yet still receive favored grants; and on Zhou dynasty memorial days supplemental offerings are still made; our dynasty also holds repentance altars for the birthdays of posthumously honored empresses, and various spirit shrines likewise observe birthdays. We ask that rites officials deliberate in detail and eliminate every uncanonical practice. An edict ordered that Zhou dynasty memorial days remain unchanged; all the rest were abolished.

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