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儀衛一○殿庭立仗
Ceremonial Guards, Part 1: Guard Formations in the Palace Courtyard
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綦天下之貴,一人而已。 是故環拱而居,備物而動,文謂之儀,武謂之衛。 一以明制度,示等威; 一以慎出入,遠危疑也。 《書》載弁戈、冕劉、虎賁、車輅。 《周官》旅賁,王出入,執盾以夾王車。 朝儀之製,固已粲然。 降及秦、漢,始有周廬、陛戟、鹵簿、金根、大駕、法駕千乘萬騎之盛。 曆代因之,雖或損益,然不過為尊大而已。 宋初,因唐、五代之舊,講究修葺,尤為詳備。 其殿庭之儀,則有黃麾大仗、黃麾半仗、黃麾角仗、黃麾細仗。 凡正旦、冬至及五月一日大朝會,大慶、冊、受賀、受朝,則設大仗; 月朔視朝,則設半仗; 外國使來,則設角仗; 發冊授寶,則設細仗。 其鹵簿之等有四:一曰大駕,郊祀大饗用之; 二曰法駕,方澤、明堂、宗廟、籍田用之; 三曰小駕,朝陵、封祀、奏謝用之; 四曰黃麾仗,親征、省方還京用之。 南渡之後,務為簡省。 此其大較也。 若夫臨時增損,用置不同,則有國史、會要、禮書具在。 今取所載。 撮其凡為《儀衛志》。
Of all honor under Heaven, there is only one person. Therefore he sits encompassed [by attendants] and moves forth with full accoutrements: the civil aspect is called ceremony (yi), the martial aspect is called guard (wei). In one respect to clarify institutions and display graded majesty; in another to be careful in going out and coming in and to keep danger and suspicion at a distance. The Book of Documents records cap and halberd, ceremonial cap and tassels, tiger guards, and the imperial carriage. In the Rites of Zhou, the host of tiger guards: when the king went out or in, they grasped shields to flank the royal chariot. The form of court ceremony was already fully elaborated. Down through the Qin and Han, there first appeared the grandeur of perimeter guards, hall halberds, imperial processional trains, gold-root chariots, grand carriage entourages, and law-carriage processions with thousands of chariots and myriads of horsemen. Successive dynasties followed this; though they sometimes reduced or augmented it, it amounted to nothing more than making it more imposing. At the beginning of the Song, following the precedents of Tang and the Five Dynasties, they studied and repaired the system, making it especially detailed and complete. For ceremony in the palace hall courtyard, there were the great yellow-banner guard formation, half yellow-banner formation, corner yellow-banner formation, and detailed yellow-banner formation. For New Year's Day, the winter solstice, and the grand court assembly on the first day of the fifth month, and for great celebrations, investiture book ceremonies, receipt of felicitations, and receipt of homage, the great formation was deployed; for the monthly new-moon audience, the half formation was deployed; when envoys from foreign states came, the corner formation was deployed; when issuing the investiture book and conferring the seal, the detailed formation was deployed. The grades of the imperial processional train were four: first, the grand carriage entourage, used for suburban sacrifice and great feasts; second, the law carriage, used for the square mound altar, Bright Hall, ancestral temple, and plowing ceremony; third, the small carriage entourage, used for attending the imperial tombs, sealing-off sacrifices, and presenting thanks; fourth, the yellow-banner guard train, used when the emperor personally campaigned or returned to the capital after touring the realm. After the move south across the Yangzi, the court strove for simplification and economy. This is the general outline. As for temporary additions and reductions, with differing deployment, the National History, Essential Documents, and ritual compilations record them fully. Here what is recorded is selected. Its outlines are gathered into this "Treatise on Ceremonial Guards."
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殿庭立仗,本充庭之製。 唐禮,殿庭、屯門,皆列諸衛黃麾大仗。 宋興,太祖增創錯繡諸旗並幡氅等,著於《通禮》,正、至、五月一日,禦正殿則陳之。 青龍、白虎旗各一,分左右; 五嶽旗五在左,五星旗五在右; 五方龍旗二十五在左,五方鳳旗二十五在右; 紅門神旗二十八,分左右; 朱雀、真武旗各一,分左右; 皂纛十二,分左右。 〈(以上金吾。)〉 天一、太一旗各一,分左右; 攝提旗二,分左右; 五辰旗五,北斗旗一,分左右; 〈(木、火、北斗在左,金、水、土在右。)〉 二十八宿各一, 〈(角宿至壁宿在左,奎宿至軫宿在右。)〉 風伯、雨師旗各一,分左右; 白澤、馴象、仙鹿、玉兔、馴犀、金鸚鵡、瑞麥、孔雀、野馬、犛牛旗各二,分左右; 日月合璧旗一,在左; 五星連珠旗一,在右; 雷公、電母旗各一,分左右; 軍公旗六,分左右; 黃鹿、飛麟、兕、騶牙、白狼、蒼烏、辟邪、網子、貔旗各二,分左右; 信幡二十二,分左右; 傳教、告止幡各十二,分左右; 黃麾二,分左右。 〈(以上兵部。)〉 日旗、月旗各一,分左右; 君王萬歲旗一在左; 天下太平旗一,在右; 獅子旗二,分左右; 金鸞、金鳳旗各一,分左右; 五方龍旗各一。 〈(青、赤在左,黃、白、黑在右。 以上龍墀。)〉 龍君、虎君旗各五,分左右; 赤豹、黃羆旗各五,分左右; 小黃龍旗一,在左; 天馬旗一,在右; 吏兵、力士旗各五,分左右; 天王旗四,分左右; 太歲旗十二,分左右; 天馬旗六,分左右; 排闌旗六十,分左右; 左右幡氅各五行,行七十五; 大黃龍旗二,分左右; 大神旗六,分左右。 〈(以上六軍。)〉
Court guard formations in the hall courtyard were originally the system for filling the courtyard. In Tang ritual, in the hall courtyard and at the gate where troops were stationed, each guard unit deployed the yellow-banner great formation. When the Song arose, Taizu newly added brocaded and embroidered banners together with pennants and streamers, recorded in the Comprehensive Rituals; on New Year's Day, the solstice, and the first of the fifth month, when he held court in the main hall, these were displayed. One Azure Dragon banner and one White Tiger banner each, positioned left and right; five Five Sacred Peaks banners on the left, five Five Stars banners on the right; twenty-five dragon banners of the five directions on the left, twenty-five phoenix banners of the five directions on the right; twenty-eight Red Gate spirit banners, divided left and right; one Vermilion Bird banner and one True Warrior banner each, positioned left and right; twelve black great banners, divided left and right. (The above: Jinwu Guard.) One Heaven One banner and one Grand One banner each, positioned left and right; two Sheti banners, divided left and right; five Five Chronograms banners and one Northern Dipper banner, divided left and right; (Wood, fire, and the Northern Dipper on the left; metal, water, and earth on the right.) one banner for each of the Twenty-eight Lodges, (From the Horn lodge to the Wall lodge on the left; from the Stride lodge to the Chariot lodge on the right.) one Wind Lord banner and one Rain Master banner each, positioned left and right; two each of the White Marsh, tame elephant, immortal deer, jade rabbit, tame rhinoceros, golden parrot, auspicious wheat, peacock, wild horse, and yak banners, divided left and right; one Sun-and-Moon Joined Disk banner, on the left; one Five Stars Linked as Pearls banner, on the right; one Thunder Duke banner and one Lightning Mother banner each, positioned left and right; six Military Duke banners, divided left and right; two each of the yellow deer, flying qilin, rhinoceros, zouya, white wolf, dark crow, ward-off-evil, net, and pi banners, divided left and right; twenty-two trust pennants, divided left and right; twelve transmit-teaching banners and twelve halt banners each, divided left and right; two yellow banners, divided left and right. (The above: Ministry of War.) one sun banner and one moon banner each, positioned left and right; one "My Lord, Ten Thousand Years" banner on the left; one "Great Peace Under Heaven" banner, on the right; two lion banners, divided left and right; one golden luan banner and one golden phoenix banner each, positioned left and right; one dragon banner for each of the five directions. (Azure and red on the left; yellow, white, and black on the right. The above: dragon terrace.) five dragon-lord banners and five tiger-lord banners each, positioned left and right; five red leopard banners and five yellow bear banners each, positioned left and right; one small yellow dragon banner, on the left; one heaven horse banner, on the right; five official-soldier banners and five strongman banners each, positioned left and right; four heaven king banners, divided left and right; twelve Grand Year banners, divided left and right; six heaven horse banners, divided left and right; sixty gate-clearing banners, divided left and right; five rows of pennants and streamers on the left and right, seventy-five per row; two great yellow dragon banners, divided left and right; six great spirit banners, divided left and right. (The above: Six Armies.)
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神宗元豐二年,詳定所言:“正旦禦殿,合用黃麾仗。 案唐《開元禮》,冬至朝會及皇太子受冊、加元服,冊命諸王大臣,朝宴外國,亦皆用之。 故事,皇帝受群臣上尊號,諸衛各率其屬,勒所部屯門、殿庭列仗衛。 今獨修正旦儀注,而餘皆未及。 欲乞冬會等儀,悉加詳定。 ”詔從之。 又言:“禦殿儀仗,有黃麾幡三而無黃麾。 請製大麾一,注旄於幹首,以取夏製; 黃色,以取漢製; 用十二幅,以取唐製; 用一旒,以取今龍墀旗之製。 建於當禦廂之前,以為表識。 其當禦廂之後,則建黃麾幡二。 ”上謂蔡確等曰:“黃麾制度,終有可疑。 今鑿而為植於大庭,夷夏共瞻,或致博聞多識者譏議,非善,宜姑闕之。 ”乃止。 三年,詳定所言:“昨定朝會圖,於大慶殿橫街北止陳大輦、逍遙、平輦,而輿未陳也。 當大輦之南,增腰輿一,小輿一。 古者扇翣,皆編次雉羽或尾為之,故於文從‘羽’。 唐《開元》改為孔雀,凡大朝會,陳一百五十有六,分居左右。 國朝復雉尾之名,而四面略為羽毛之形,中繡雙孔雀,又有雙盤龍扇,皆無所本。 ”遂改製偏扇、團方扇為三等,繡雉。 凡朝會,平輦、逍遙並陳於東西龍墀上。
In the second year of Yuanfeng under Emperor Shenzong, the office for detailed regulations stated: "For holding court on New Year's Day, the yellow-banner guard formation should be used. According to the Tang Kaiyuan Rituals, the winter solstice court assembly, the crown prince's receipt of the investiture book and capping, the appointment by book of kings and great ministers, court feasts for foreign states—all likewise used it. By precedent, when the emperor received from the hundred officials an upward honorific title, each guard unit led its subordinates and deployed its section at the garrison gate and in the hall courtyard as guard formations. At present only the New Year's Day ritual regulations were revised, while the rest had not yet been addressed. We ask that the winter assembly and other ceremonies likewise be fully detailed and fixed. "An edict approved this. They also stated: "For ritual accoutrements when holding court, there were three yellow-banner pennants but no yellow banner. We request that one great banner be made, with yak tail affixed to the pole head, following the Xia system; yellow in color, following the Han system; using twelve panels, following the Tang system; using one tassel, following the present system of dragon-terrace flags. It would be erected before the wing where the emperor faced court, as a marker. Behind the wing where the emperor faced court, two yellow-banner pennants would be erected. The emperor said to Cai Que and others: "The yellow-banner system still had doubtful points. To carve it out now and plant it in the great courtyard, for barbarians and Chinese alike to behold, might invite ridicule from the widely learned—this would not be good; it would be better to leave it out for the time being. "The plan was then dropped. In the third year, the office for detailed regulations stated: "When the court assembly diagram was fixed yesterday, north of the cross street at Great Celebration Hall only the great palanquin, leisure palanquin, and flat palanquin were displayed, but the sedans had not yet been shown. South of the great palanquin, one waist sedan and one small sedan should be added. In antiquity, fans and canopies were all woven in sequence from pheasant feathers or tails; hence in writing the character follows "feather." The Tang Kaiyuan Rituals changed these to peacock [feathers]; at every great court assembly, one hundred fifty-six were displayed, divided between left and right. Our dynasty restored the name "pheasant tail," yet on four sides it was slightly in the shape of feathers, with a pair of peacocks embroidered in the center; there were also paired coiled-dragon fans—all without clear precedent. "They therefore redesigned the partial fans and round square fans into three grades, embroidered with pheasants. At every court assembly, the flat palanquin and leisure palanquin were displayed together on the dragon terrace east and west.
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徽宗政和三年,議禮局上大慶殿大朝會儀衛:
In the third year of Zhenghe under Emperor Huizong, the Office for Discussing Rituals submitted the ceremonial guard for the great court assembly at Great Celebration Hall:
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黃麾大仗五千二十五人。 仗首左右廂各二部,絳引幡十。 〈(執各一人。)〉 第一部,左右領軍衛大將軍各一員,第二部,左右領軍衛折衝,掌鼓一人,帥兵官一十人。 次執儀刀部十二行,每行持各十人: 〈(後部並仗同。)〉 第一行,黃雞四角氅; 〈(凡氅,皆持以龍頭竿。)〉 第二,儀鍠五色幡; 第三,青孔雀五角氅; 第四,烏戟; 第五,緋鳳六角氅; 第六,細弓矢; 第七,白鵝四角氅; 第八,朱縢絡盾刀; 第九,皂鵝六角氅; 第十,細弓矢; 第十一,槊; 第十二,綠縢絡盾刀。 揭鼓二,掌鼓二人。 〈(後部同。)〉 以上排列左右廂。 第一部各於軍員之南,居次廂第一部稍前。 第二部於第一部之後,並相向。
The great yellow-banner guard formation: five thousand twenty-five persons. At the head of the guard formation, each left and right wing had two sections and ten crimson guide pennants. (Each [item] held by one person.) First section: one great general of the Left and Right Lead Army Guards each; second section: assault commanders of the Left and Right Lead Army Guards, one drum beater, and ten troop-leading officers. Next, twelve rows of the section bearing ritual blades, ten holders in each row: (The rear sections and guard formation were the same.) First row: four-corner streamers with yellow chickens; (All streamers were held on dragon-head poles.) Second: five-colored pennants with ritual gongs; Third: five-corner streamers with azure peacocks; Fourth: black halberds; Fifth: six-corner streamers with scarlet phoenixes; Sixth: fine bows and arrows; Seventh: four-corner streamers with white geese; Eighth: swords with vermilion-cord net shields; Ninth: six-corner streamers with black geese; Tenth: fine bows and arrows; Eleventh: spears; Twelfth: swords with green-cord net shields. Two reveal drums and two drum beaters. (Same in the rear section.) The above were arrayed in the left and right wings. Each first section stood south of its military officer, positioned slightly ahead of the first section of the next wing. Each second section stood behind its first section, facing one another.
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次廂左右各三部:第一,左右屯衛; 第二,左右武衛,並大將軍; 第三,左右衛將軍:各一員。 第一,果毅; 第二、第三,折衝:各一員。 於仗首左右廂第一部之南,相向。 持黃麾幡二人,在當禦廂前分立。 當禦廂左右各一部,左右衛果毅各一人,於玉輅之前分左右,並北向。
Each wing next had three sections on left and right: first, the Left and Right Garrison Guards; second, the Left and Right Martial Guards, each with a great general; third, generals of the Left and Right Guards: one officer each. First: stalwart officers; second and third: assault commanders, one officer each. They stood south of the first section of each wing at the head of the guard formation, facing one another. Two persons holding yellow-banner pennants stood separately before the wing where the emperor faced court. At each side of the facing hall wing, one section each: one stalwart officer of the Left and Right Guards apiece, divided left and right before the jade carriage, all facing north.
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次後廂左右各三部:第一,左右驍衛將軍; 第二,左右領軍衛折衝; 第三,左右領軍衛果毅:各一員。 第一部,分於當禦廂之左右差後; 第二部,左在金輅之後西偏,右在象輅之後東偏; 第三部,左在革輅之後西偏,右在木輅之後東偏,並北向。
Next, each rear wing had three sections on left and right: first, generals of the Left and Right Martial Guards; second, assault commanders of the Left and Right Lead Army Guards; third, stalwarts of the Left and Right Lead Army Guards: one officer each. The first section was divided slightly to the rear on the left and right of the facing hall wing; the second section stood west behind the gold carriage on the left and east behind the elephant carriage on the right; the third section stood west behind the leather carriage on the left and east behind the wood carriage on the right, all facing north.
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次左右廂各三部:第一,左右武衛將軍; 第二,左右屯衛將軍; 第三,左右領軍衛折衝:各一員。 各在網子、鶡雞、貔旗之前,東西相向。 左右廂各步甲十二隊:第一隊,左右衛果毅; 第二,左右衛,第四,左右驍衛,第六,左右武衛,第八,左右屯衛,第十、第十二,左右領軍衛,並折衝; 第三,左右驍衛,第五,左右武衛,第七,左右屯衛,第九、第十一,左右領軍衛,並果毅:各一員。 每隊旗一,貔、鶡雞、仙鹿、金鸚鵡、瑞麥、孔雀、野馬、犛牛、甘露、網子。 〈(內第十二隊旗同第一隊。)〉 刀盾、弓矢相間,分十二隊,每隊三十人,五重。 第一至第六隊,在仗首第二部北; 第七至第十二隊,在仗首第二部南,東西相向。
Next, each left and right wing had three sections: first, generals of the Left and Right Martial Guards; second, generals of the Left and Right Garrison Guards; third, assault commanders of the Left and Right Lead Army Guards: one officer each. Each stood before the net, hawk-chicken, and pi banners, facing east and west. Each wing had twelve teams of foot soldiers in armor: first team, stalwarts of the Left and Right Guards; second, the Left and Right Guards; fourth, the Left and Right Martial Guards; sixth, again the Left and Right Martial Guards; eighth, the Left and Right Garrison Guards; tenth and twelfth, the Left and Right Lead Army Guards—all with assault commanders; third, the Left and Right Martial Guards; fifth, again the Left and Right Martial Guards; seventh, the Left and Right Garrison Guards; ninth and eleventh, the Left and Right Lead Army Guards—all with stalwart officers, one each. Each team had one banner: pi, hawk-chicken, immortal deer, golden parrot, auspicious wheat, peacock, wild horse, yak, sweet dew, or net. (The banner of the twelfth team was the same as that of the first team.) Swords and shields alternated with bows and arrows in twelve teams of thirty persons each, in five ranks. The first through sixth teams stood north of the second section at the head of the guard formation; the seventh through twelfth stood south of that second section, facing east and west.
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左右廂後部各十二隊:第一、第二,左右衛; 第五至第七,左右武衛; 第十至第十二,左右領軍衛:並折衝。 第三、第四,左右驍衛; 第八、第九,左右屯衛:並果毅。 每隊旗二,角<角>、赤熊、兕、太平、馴犀、鵕鸃、騼騶、騶牙、蒼烏、白狼、龍馬、金牛。 次弩五人為一列,弓矢十人為二重,槊二十人為四重。 以上在大慶殿門外,第一至第四隊在前,第五至第八隊在後,第九至第十二隊又在後,東西相向。
Each rear section of the left and right wings had twelve teams: first and second, the Left and Right Guards; fifth through seventh, the Left and Right Martial Guards; tenth through twelfth, the Left and Right Lead Army Guards—all with assault commanders. Third and fourth: the Left and Right Martial Guards; eighth and ninth: the Left and Right Garrison Guards—all with stalwart officers. Each team had two banners: horn, horn variant, red bear, rhinoceros, Great Peace, tame rhinoceros, owl, zouya, dark crow, white wolf, dragon horse, and golden ox. Next, crossbows in columns of five; bows and arrows in two ranks of ten; spears in four ranks of twenty. The above stood outside the gate of Great Celebration Hall: the first through fourth teams in front, the fifth through eighth behind them, and the ninth through twelfth still farther back, facing east and west.
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真武隊:金吾折衝都尉一員,仙童、真武、螣蛇、神龜旗各一, 〈(執各一人。)〉 暴槊二人,弩五人為一列,弓矢二十人為四重,槊二十五人為五重。 以上在大慶門外中道,北向排列。
True Warrior team: one assault-commander captain of the Golden Guard, and one each of the immortal child, True Warrior, flying serpent, and divine turtle banners, (each held by one person.) two bearers of violent spears; crossbows in columns of five; bows and arrows in four ranks of twenty; spears in five ranks of twenty-five. The above were arrayed on the central path outside Great Celebration Gate, facing north.
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殿中省尚輦:陳孔雀扇四十於簾外。 〈(執各一人。)〉 陳輦輿於龍墀。 大輦在東部,押、執、擎人二百二十有二人; 腰輿在南,一十有七人; 小輿又在南,二十有五人,皆西向。 平輦在西,逍遙在南,共三十七人,皆東向。 設傘,扇於沙墀:方傘二,分左右; 〈(執傘將校四人。)〉 團龍扇四,分左右; 〈(執扇都將四人。)〉 方雉扇一百,分傘、扇之後,為五行。 〈(執扇長行一百人。)〉 押當職掌二人,各立團龍扇之北。 金吾引駕官二人,分立團扇之南。
The Imperial Sedan Office of the Palace Directorate displayed forty peacock fans outside the curtain. (Each held by one person.) Sedans and carriages were displayed on the dragon terrace. The great palanquin stood in the eastern section, with two hundred twenty-two escorts, bearers, and lifters; the waist sedan to the south, with seventeen persons; the small sedan still farther south, with twenty-five persons—all facing west. The flat palanquin stood on the west, the leisure palanquin to the south—thirty-seven persons in all, all facing east. Umbrellas and fans were deployed on the sand terrace: two square umbrellas, divided left and right; (Four commanders holding umbrellas.) four coiled-dragon fans, divided left and right; (Four chief generals holding fans.) One hundred square pheasant-tail fans, behind the umbrellas and fans, in five rows. (One hundred persons in the long formation holding fans.) Two attendants on escort duty each stood north of the coiled-dragon fans. Two Golden Guard officers leading the imperial carriage stood separately south of the round fans.
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文德殿入閤之製,唯殿中省細仗,與兩省供奉官班於庭。 太宗淳化三年,增黃麾仗二百五十人。 神宗熙寧三年,修閤門儀製宋敏求言:“本朝惟入閤乃禦文德殿視朝。 今既不用入閤儀,即文德殿遂闕視朝之禮。 乞下兩製及太常禮院,約唐禦宣政殿製裁定,以備朔望正衙視朝之禮。 ”詔學士院詳定。 學士韓維等上其儀:朔前一日,有司供張於文德殿庭。 東面,左金吾引駕官一人,四色官二人,各帶儀刀。 被金甲天武官一人,判殿中省一人,排列官一人。 扇二,方傘一。 金吾仗碧襴十二,各執儀刀。 兵部儀仗排列職掌一人,押隊員僚二人。 黃麾幡一,告止幡、傳教幡、信幡各八,龍頭竿、戟各五十。 西面,右金吾引駕官以下,皆如東面。 天武官東西總百人。 門外立仗:其東,青龍旗一,五嶽旗五,五龍旗十; 其西,白虎旗一,五星旗五,五鳳旗十。 禦馬,東西皆五匹,每匹人員二人,禦龍官四人。 設禦幄於殿後閤。 其日,左右金吾將軍常服押本衛仗,殿中省官押細仗,東西對列,俟皇帝受朝、降坐、放仗,乃退。
For the system of entering the privy chamber at Wende Hall, only the Palace Directorate's fine guard formation was used, with the ranked officials of the two provinces on tribute duty in the courtyard. In the third year of Chunhua under Emperor Taizong, the yellow-banner guard was increased by two hundred fifty persons. In the third year of Xining under Emperor Shenzong, when revising the ritual system of the Gate Office, Song Minqiu stated: "In our dynasty the emperor held court at Wende Hall only when entering the privy chamber. Now that the privy-chamber ritual is no longer used, Wende Hall accordingly lacks the rite of viewing court. We ask that the two drafting offices and the Grand Ritual Court be instructed, following the Tang system for holding court at Xuanzheng Hall, to fix and decide regulations so as to provide the rite of viewing court at the main hall on the new and full moon. "An edict ordered the Academy of Scholarly Worthies to detail and fix it. Academician Han Wei and others submitted its ritual: on the day before the new moon, the responsible officials would supply and display [the formation] in the courtyard of Wende Hall. On the east: one officer of the Left Golden Guard leading the imperial carriage, two four-color officers, each bearing a ritual blade. One Heaven Martial officer in gold armor, one judge of the Palace Directorate, and one array officer. Two fans and one square umbrella. Twelve azure-brocade [items] of the Golden Guard guard, each bearer holding a ritual blade. One duty attendant for arraying the Ministry of War ritual accoutrements and two member aides escorting the team. One yellow-banner pennant; eight each of halt, teaching, and trust pennants; fifty dragon-head poles and fifty halberds. On the west, the right Golden Guard lead-imperial-carriage officer and those below him were all as on the east. Heaven Martial officers totaled one hundred persons east and west. Standing guard outside the gate: on the east, one Azure Dragon banner, five Five Peaks banners, and ten five-dragon banners; on the west, one White Tiger banner, five Five Stars banners, and ten five-phoenix banners. Imperial horses: five on each side; two attendants per horse and four imperial-dragon officers. The imperial canopy was set up in the privy chamber behind the hall. That day the Left and Right Golden Guard generals in ordinary dress escorted their own guard formations; Palace Directorate officials escorted the fine guard; they stood facing each other east and west until the emperor had received court, left the seat, and the guard was dismissed—then they withdrew.
14
徽宗政和三年,議禮局上文德殿視朝之製:
In the third year of Zhenghe under Emperor Huizong, the Office for Discussing Rituals submitted the system for viewing court at Wende Hall:
15
黃麾半仗,共二千二百六十五人。 殿內仗首,左右廂各一部,每部一百二十四人,在金吾仗南,東西相向。 絳引幡十, 〈(執各一人。)〉 分部之南北,為五重。 當禦廂左右部同,左部在帥兵官東,右部在帥兵官西,各為十重。 左右領軍衛大將軍各一員,居部之中。 〈(次廂左右第一、第二、第三部同。)〉 掌鼓一人,次大將軍後。 〈(次廂左右第一部並當禦廂左右部,次果毅,次廂左右第二、第三部,次折衝,次後廂左右部,次將軍。)〉 帥兵官十人,分部之南北,為五重,北在絳引幡之南,南在絳引幡之北。 次廂左右第一、第二、第三部在部之南北,當禦廂、次後廂左部在黃氅東,右部在黃氅西。
Half yellow-banner guard formation: two thousand two hundred sixty-five persons in all. Within the hall, at the head of the guard: each wing had one section of one hundred twenty-four persons south of the Golden Guard formation, facing each other east and west. Ten crimson guide pennants, (Each held by one person.) divided north and south within the section into five ranks. The left and right sections at the facing hall wing were the same: the left section stood east of the lead-troop officer and the right section west of him, each in ten ranks. One great general each of the Left and Right Lead Army Guards stood in the middle of the section. (The next wing's first, second, and third sections on left and right were the same.) One drum beater stood behind the great general. (Next wing left right first section and facing-hall-wing left right sections: next stalwarts; next wing left right second and third sections: next assault commanders; next rear wing left right sections: next generals.) Ten lead-troop officers, divided north and south within the section into five ranks—north of the southern crimson guide pennants and south of the northern crimson guide pennants. The first, second, and third sections of the next wing stood north and south within the section; the left section of the facing hall wing and rear wing stood east of the yellow streamer and the right section west of it.
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執儀刀部十行,行十人,每色兩行,為五重。 〈(次廂左右第一、第二、第三部同。 當禦廂、次後廂左右部,每色一行,為十重。 左部以東為首,右部以西為首,並次帥兵官。)〉 第一行,龍頭竿黃雞四角氅; 〈(凡氅皆持以龍頭竿。)〉 第二,儀鍠五色幡; 第三,青孔雀五角氅; 第四,烏戟; 第五,緋鳳六角氅; 第六,細弓矢; 第七,白鵝四角氅; 第八,朱縢絡盾刀; 第九,皂鵝六角氅; 第十,槊。 揭鼓二,掌揭鼓二人。 〈(分立緋氅、烏戟後當中,次廂左右第一、第二、第三部同,當禦廂、次後廂並一在儀鍠、青氅間,一在弓矢、白氅間,與後行齊。)〉 次廂左右各三部,每部一百一十五人,次左右廂仗首之南,東西相向。 第一部,左右屯衛大將軍及果毅各一員。 第二部,左右武衛大將軍,第三部,左右衛將軍各一員,折衝各一員。 黃麾幡二,分立當禦左右廂前中間,北向。 當禦廂左右各一部,每部一百二十四人,在殿門內中道,分東西,並北向。 〈(次後廂左右部同。 大慶殿列於樂架之南。)〉 左右衛果毅各一員。 〈(左在部西,右在部東。 次後左右廂將軍準此。)〉 次後廂左右各一部,每部一百一十四人,次當禦廂南,左右驍衛將軍各一員。 左右廂各步軍六隊, 〈(第一隊,每隊三十三人,第二至第六隊,每隊各二十七人。)〉 分東西,在仗隊後。 第一,左右衛; 第三,左右武衛; 第五,左右領軍衛:並果毅,各一員。 第二,左右驍衛; 第四,左右屯衛; 第六,左右領軍衛:並折衝,各一員。 每隊旗二,貔、金鸚鵡、瑞麥、犛牛、甘露、鶡雞。 〈(執各一人。)〉 刀盾、弓矢相間,人數行列同前。 左右廂步軍,殿門外左右廂後部各六隊,每隊三十八人,在部下親從後,東西相向。 第一隊,左右衛; 第三,左右武衛; 第五,左右領軍衛:並折衝,各一員,第二,左右驍衛; 第四、第六,左右屯衛:並果毅,各一員。 角<角>、太平、馴犀、騶牙、白狼、蒼烏等旗各二,弩五人,為一列,弓矢十人,為二重,槊二十人,為四重。
Ten rows in the section bearing ritual blades, ten persons per row, two rows per color, forming five ranks. (The next wing's first, second, and third sections on left and right were the same. At the facing hall wing and rear wing left and right sections, one row per color, forming ten ranks. The left section took the east as its head and the right section the west as its head, all next to the lead-troop officer.) First row: four-corner streamers with yellow chickens on dragon-head poles; (All streamers were held on dragon-head poles.) Second: five-colored pennants with ritual gongs; Third: five-corner streamers with azure peacocks; Fourth: black halberds; Fifth: six-corner streamers with scarlet phoenixes; Sixth: fine bows and arrows; Seventh: four-corner streamers with white geese; Eighth: swords with vermilion-cord net shields; Ninth: six-corner streamers with black geese; Tenth: spears. Two reveal drums and two persons to beat them. (Standing separately behind the middle of the scarlet streamer and black halberd rows; same for the next wing's first, second, and third sections; at the facing hall wing and rear wing, one [drum] between the ritual gong and azure streamer and one between the bows and white streamer, aligned with the rear row.) Each next wing had three sections of one hundred fifteen persons each, south of the head sections of the left and right wings, facing each other. First section: one great general and one stalwart each of the Left and Right Garrison Guards. Second section: great generals of the Left and Right Martial Guards; third section: one general each of the Left and Right Guards and one assault commander each. Two yellow-banner pennants stood separately in the middle before the left and right wings where the emperor faced court, facing north. At the facing hall wing, one section on each side of one hundred twenty-four persons each stood within the hall gate on the central path, divided east and west, all facing north. (The next rear wing's left and right sections were the same. At Great Celebration Hall they were arrayed south of the music stands.) One stalwart each of the Left and Right Guards. (The left stood west of the section and the right east of it. Generals of the next rear left and right wings followed this rule.) Each rear wing had one section of one hundred fourteen persons south of the facing hall wing, with one general each of the Left and Right Martial Guards. Each wing had six teams of foot soldiers, (the first team thirty-three persons each; the second through sixth teams twenty-seven persons each.) divided east and west behind the guard teams. First: the Left and Right Guards; third: the Left and Right Martial Guards; fifth: the Left and Right Lead Army Guards—all with stalwart officers, one each. second: the Left and Right Martial Guards; fourth: the Left and Right Garrison Guards; sixth: the Left and Right Lead Army Guards—all with assault commanders, one each. Each team had two banners: pi, golden parrot, auspicious wheat, yak, sweet dew, and hawk-chicken. (Each held by one person.) Swords and shields alternated with bows and arrows; numbers and ranks were as before. Foot soldiers of the left and right wings: outside the hall gate, each rear section of each wing had six teams of thirty-eight persons behind the personal followers below the section, facing each other. First team: the Left and Right Guards; third: the Left and Right Martial Guards; fifth: the Left and Right Lead Army Guards—with assault commanders, one each; second: the Left and Right Martial Guards; fourth and sixth: the Left and Right Garrison Guards—all with stalwart officers, one each. Two each of the horn, horn variant, Great Peace, tame rhinoceros, zouya, white wolf, dark crow, and similar banners; crossbows in columns of five; bows and arrows in two ranks of ten; spears in four ranks of twenty.
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真武隊五十七人,在端禮門內中道,北向。 〈(大慶殿於殿門外。)〉 前有金吾折衝都尉一員,仙童、真武、螣蛇、神龜等旗各一,暴槊二人,弩五人為一列,弓矢二十人為四重,槊二十五人為五重。 排列仗隊職掌六人,分立仗隊之間,殿內四人,殿外二人。
True Warrior team: fifty-seven persons on the central path inside Duanli Gate, facing north. (At Great Celebration Hall, outside the hall gate.) In front were one assault-commander captain of the Golden Guard; one each of the immortal child, True Warrior, flying serpent, and divine turtle banners; two bearers of violent spears; crossbows in columns of five; bows and arrows in four ranks of twenty; spears in five ranks of twenty-five. Six duty attendants for arraying the guard teams stood among the teams—four within the hall and two outside.
18
殿中省尚輦陳扇二十於簾外,執扇殿侍二十人。 陳腰輿、小輿於東、西朵殿,腰輿在東,小輿在西,人員、都將各一人,輦官共四十人。 陳傘、扇於殿下,方傘二,團龍扇四,並分左右夾傘。 〈(執扇各一人,將校或節級。)〉 方雉扇六十,作三重,在傘、扇之後。 輦官長行各一人,金吾左右將軍各一員,在傘、扇之南,稍前。 四色官四人,二人立於將軍之南,與傘、扇一列。 宣敕放仗二人,在引駕官南。 執儀刀引駕官二人,在親從官後。 長行二十四人,在四色官之南。 排列官二人,在長行之南。 次金甲天武官二人,在長行南。 以上並分東西相向立。 設旗於殿門之外,青龍旗一在左,五嶽神旗各一次之,五方色龍旗各一次之,五方色龍旗各一又次之。 白虎旗一在右,五星神旗各一次之,五方色鳳旗各一次之,五方色鳳旗各一又次之。
The Imperial Sedan Office of the Palace Directorate displayed twenty fans outside the curtain, with twenty hall attendants holding fans. Waist and small sedans were displayed in the eastern and western side halls—the waist sedan on the east and the small sedan on the west—with one chief general each for personnel and forty sedan officers in all. Umbrellas and fans were displayed below the hall: two square umbrellas and four coiled-dragon fans, flanking the umbrellas left and right. (Each fan held by one person—a commander or section chief.) Sixty square pheasant-tail fans in three ranks behind the umbrellas and fans. One person in the long formation for sedan officers; one general each of the Left and Right Golden Guards—slightly forward, south of the umbrellas and fans. Four four-color officers; two stood south of the generals in one row with the umbrellas and fans. Two officers to announce the edict and release the guard stood south of the lead-imperial-carriage officers. Two lead-imperial-carriage officers bearing ritual blades stood behind the personal-follower officers. Twenty-four persons in the long formation stood south of the four-color officers. Two array officers stood south of the long formation. Next, two Heaven Martial officers in gold armor stood south of the long formation. All the above stood facing each other, divided east and west. Flags were deployed outside the hall gate: one Azure Dragon banner on the left; one each of the Five Peaks spirit banners next; then one each of the five-direction colored dragon banners, and again one each of the five-direction colored dragon banners. One White Tiger banner on the right; one each of the Five Stars spirit banners next; then one each of the five-direction colored phoenix banners, and again one each of the five-direction colored phoenix banners.
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詔頒行之。 〈(大慶殿冊命諸王、大臣,黃麾仗準文德殿視朝。)〉
An edict ordered that it be promulgated and put into practice. (For investiture by book of kings and great ministers at Great Celebration Hall, the yellow-banner guard followed the Wende Hall court-audience standard.)
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政和中,大祀饗立仗:大黃龍負圖旗一,執糸斥二百人,陳於闕庭赤龍旗南少西大黃龍旗之北。 宣和冬祀,陳於大內前。 大黃龍旗一,執糸斥六十人,陳於逐頓宮門外宣德門,次大黃龍負圖旗之南。 宣和,此旗下又有日、月、五星連珠、北斗、招搖、蒼龍、白虎、朱雀、玄武、君王萬歲、獅子、金鸞、金鳳、五方龍、天下太平等旗,凡二十一。 正、至受朝同。 龍墀旗陳於殿庭; 太廟,在西欞星門外路南,次赤龍旗少北; 青城,在泰禋門外,夏祭大禮在明禋門外。 赤龍旗之南。 〈(宗祀祫饗大禮,不設大黃龍負圖旗、大黃龍旗。)〉 大神旗六,執糸斥各九十人,宣德門、泰禋門並陳於大黃龍旗之南,東西相望; 大廟陳於西欞星門外,大黃龍旗之西少南,視赤龍旗為列,南北相望。 龍墀旗執糸斥各十二人,左右有日、月旗各一。 次君王萬歲旗一,宣德門、泰禋門,在路東; 太廟,在門外路南。 次獅子旗二,左右有金鸞、金鳳旗各一。 次五方龍旗各一:青、黃、赤龍旗,宣德、泰禋門在東,太廟在南; 黑、白龍旗,宣德、泰禋門在西,太廟在北。 次天下太平旗一,宣德、泰禋門,在路西; 太廟,在路北。 以上旗皆在車駕前發仗內。 執糸斥人並錦帽、五色絁繡寶相花衫、鐵臂鞲、革帶。
During the Zhenghe era, standing guard at the great sacrificial feast: one great yellow dragon bearing-diagram banner, two hundred bearers, displayed in the gate courtyard slightly west of the red dragon banner and north of the great yellow dragon banner. At the winter sacrifice in the Xuanhe era, they were displayed before the inner palace. One great yellow dragon banner with sixty bearers, displayed outside Xuande Gate at each palace halt, south of the great yellow dragon bearing-diagram banner. In the Xuanhe era, below this banner there were also twenty-one banners in all: sun, moon, Five Stars Linked as Pearls, Northern Dipper, Twinkling, azure dragon, white tiger, vermilion bird, black warrior, My Lord Ten Thousand Years, lion, golden luan, golden phoenix, five-direction dragons, Great Peace Under Heaven, and others. The same arrangement applied for receiving court on New Year's Day and the winter solstice. Dragon-terrace banners were displayed in the hall courtyard; at the Grand Ancestral Temple, south of the road outside the west Lattice Star Gate, slightly north of the red dragon banner; at the Green City, outside the Great Submission Gate, and for the summer great rite outside the Bright Submission Gate. south of the red dragon banner. (For the great rite of ancestral sacrifice and joint feast, the great yellow dragon bearing-diagram banner and great yellow dragon banner were not deployed.) Six great spirit banners, ninety bearers each, displayed south of the great yellow dragon banner at Xuande Gate and Great Submission Gate, facing each other east and west; at the Grand Temple, outside the west Lattice Star Gate, slightly southwest of the great yellow dragon banner, in rows measured against the red dragon banner, facing each other north and south. Dragon-terrace banners: twelve bearers each; to left and right, one sun banner and one moon banner each. Next, one My Lord Ten Thousand Years banner—east of the road at Xuande Gate and Great Submission Gate; at the Grand Temple, south of the road outside the gate. Next, two lion banners; to left and right, one golden luan banner and one golden phoenix banner each. Next, one dragon banner for each of the five directions: azure, yellow, and vermilion dragon banners east at Xuande and Great Submission Gates and south at the Grand Temple; black and white dragon banners west at Xuande and Great Submission Gates and north at the Grand Temple. Next, one Great Peace Under Heaven banner—west of the road at Xuande and Great Submission Gates; at the Grand Temple, north of the road. All the above banners were within the guard formation deployed before the imperial carriage. Bearers all wore brocade caps, five-colored gauze shirts embroidered with treasure flowers, iron arm guards, and leather belts.
21
政和中,遼使朝紫宸殿,用黃麾角仗,共一千五十六人。 殿內黃麾幡二,次四色官之南,分左右。 仗首左右廂各一部,每部一百四十人,在朵殿下稍南。 絳引幡十,分部之南北,各為五重。 左右領軍衛大將軍各一員,在部中稍南。 〈(次廂左右第一、第二部同。)〉 掌鼓一人,次大將軍後。 〈(次廂左右第一部次果毅,第二部次折衝。)〉 帥兵官十人,分部之南北, 〈(北在絳引幡之南,南在絳引幡之北。 次廂左右第一、第二部在部之南北。)〉 各為五重。 執儀刀部九行,每行持各十人。 第一,龍頭竿黃雞四角氅; 〈(皆持以龍頭竿。)〉 第二,儀鍠五色幡; 第三,青孔雀五角氅; 第四,烏戟; 第五,緋鳳六角氅; 第六,細弓矢; 第七,白鵝四角氅; 第八,槊; 第九,阜鵝六角氅。 掌揭鼓一人,在緋氅、烏戟之後。 〈(次廂左右第一、第二部同。)〉 次廂左右各二部,每部一百五人,次左右廂仗首之南。 第一部,左右屯衛大將軍、果毅各一員; 第二,左右武衛大將軍、折衝各一員。 掌鼓以下至掌揭鼓人數,並同仗首。 殿外左右廂各步甲三隊,每隊三十三人。 第一,左右衛,第三,左右武衛,並果毅; 第二,左右驍衛、折衝:並各一員。 貔、金鸚鵡、瑞麥旗各二,以次分在三隊。 刀盾三十人,為五重。 〈(內第二隊弓矢。)〉 左右廂後部各三隊, 〈(第一隊每隊三十八人,第二隊每隊三十三人。)〉 第一,左右衛,第三,左右武衛,並折衝; 第二,左右驍衛、果毅。 角<角>、太平、馴犀旗各二,以次分在三隊。 弩五人,為一列,弓矢十人,為二重, 〈(第二、第三隊為一列。)〉 槊二十人,為四重。 排列仗隊職掌二人,次廂第二部之南,分左右。 以上殿內外仗隊,東西相向排列。
During Zhenghe, when Liao envoys attended court at Purple Hall Hall, the yellow-banner corner guard was used—one thousand fifty-six persons in all. Within the hall, two yellow-banner pennants stood south of the four-color officers, divided left and right. At the head of the guard, each wing had one section of one hundred forty persons, slightly south of the side halls. Ten crimson guide pennants, divided north and south within the section, each into five ranks. One great general each of the Left and Right Lead Army Guards stood slightly south of the center of the section. (The next wing's first and second sections on left and right were the same.) One drum beater stood behind the great general. (Next wing left right first section: next stalwarts; second section: next assault commanders.) Ten lead-troop officers, divided north and south within the section, (North of the southern crimson guide pennants and south of the northern crimson guide pennants. The next wing's first and second sections stood north and south within the section.) each into five ranks. Nine rows in the section bearing ritual blades, ten holders in each row. First: four-corner streamers with yellow chickens on dragon-head poles; (All held on dragon-head poles.) Second: five-colored pennants with ritual gongs; Third: five-corner streamers with azure peacocks; Fourth: black halberds; Fifth: six-corner streamers with scarlet phoenixes; Sixth: fine bows and arrows; Seventh: four-corner streamers with white geese; Eighth: spears; Ninth: six-corner streamers with mound geese. One person to beat the reveal drum stood behind the scarlet streamer and black halberd rows. (The next wing's first and second sections on left and right were the same.) Each next wing had two sections of one hundred five persons each, south of the head sections of the left and right wings. First section: one great general and one stalwart each of the Left and Right Garrison Guards; second: one great general and one assault commander each of the Left and Right Martial Guards. From the drum beater down to the reveal-drum personnel, the numbers were the same as at the head of the guard. Outside the hall, each wing had three teams of armored foot soldiers, thirty-three persons per team. First: the Left and Right Guards; third: the Left and Right Martial Guards—all with stalwart officers; second: the Left and Right Martial Guards with assault commanders—one each. Two each of the pi, golden parrot, and auspicious wheat banners, distributed in order among the three teams. Thirty with swords and shields, in five ranks. (Within the second team: bows and arrows.) Each rear section of the left and right wings had three teams, (the first team thirty-eight persons each; the second team thirty-three persons each.) First: the Left and Right Guards; third: the Left and Right Martial Guards—all with assault commanders; second: the Left and Right Martial Guards with stalwart officers. Two each of the horn, horn variant, Great Peace, and tame rhinoceros banners, distributed in order among the three teams. Crossbows in columns of five; bows and arrows in two ranks of ten; (the second and third teams in one column.) spears in four ranks of twenty. Two duty attendants for arraying the guard teams stood south of the second section of the next wing, divided left and right. All guard teams inside and outside the hall were arrayed facing each other east and west.
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殿中省尚輦陳輿、輦於東西朵殿,平輦在東,西向; 逍遙輦在西,東向。 設傘、扇於殿下,方傘二,分左右; 團龍扇四,分左右,夾方傘。 方雉扇二十四,分左右,各二重,在傘、扇之後。 金吾四色官一人。
The Imperial Sedan Office displayed carriages and sedans in the eastern and western side halls—the flat palanquin on the east, facing west; the leisure palanquin on the west, facing east. Umbrellas and fans were deployed below the hall: two square umbrellas, divided left and right; four coiled-dragon fans, divided left and right, flanking the square umbrellas. Twenty-four square pheasant-tail fans, divided left and right in two ranks each, behind the umbrellas and fans. One four-color officer of the Golden Guard.
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政和中,文德殿發冊,用黃麾細仗,共一千四百二人。 設日旗、君王萬歲旗、獅子旗、金鸞旗、青龍旗、赤龍旗各一,在殿東階之東,以西為上; 月旗、天下太平旗、獅子旗、金鳳旗、白龍旗、黑龍旗各一,在殿西階之西,以東為上; 〈(每旗執扯四人。)〉 俱北向立。 押當職掌二人,分左右立於日、月旗南。 次方傘二,團龍扇四,夾方傘。 次金吾上將軍二人,將軍四人,引駕官四人。 次金甲二人。 次四色官六人,內二人執笏,餘執金銅儀刀。 次碧襴二十四人,內執金銅儀刀左右各六人,在北。 次都押衙二人,立於碧襴之南,少退。 次皂纛旗一十二, 〈(每旗執扯五人。)〉 左右金吾仗司員僚各一人押纛,立於旗南。 次青龍旗一在東,白虎旗一在西, 〈(每旗執扯六人。)〉 員僚二人押旗,在旗之北。 以上並分左右,東西向。 次五方龍旗在東,五方鳳旗在西,各二十五。 每五旗相間,各依方色排列。 次五嶽神旗五在東,五星神旗五在西,各依方位排列。 〈(每旗執扯三人。)〉 次朱雀旗一在東,真武旗一在西。 〈(每旗執扯六人。)〉 以上並北向。 員僚二人押旗,在旗之南,分左右。 次紅門旗二十八,分左右。 〈(每旗執扯二人。)〉 次寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未旗六,在東; 申、酉、戌、亥、子、醜旗六,在西。 天王旗四,分左右,夾辰旗。 次龍君、赤豹、吏兵旗各五,每旗各為一列在東,每列掩尾天馬旗一,以次在東。 次虎君、黃熊、力士旗各五,每旗各為一列在西,每列掩尾天馬旗一,以次在西。 〈(每旗執扯三人。)〉 員僚六人押仗,各分立旗前。 次員僚四人押旗,分左右,東西為一列。 〈(每列一員。)〉 左廂第一隊,鶡雞、白澤、玉馬、貔旗、四瀆旗各一,為一列; 〈(下至第九隊旗行列準此。)〉 第二隊,角、亢、氐、房、心宿旗各一; 第三隊,虛、危、室、壁、奎宿旗各一; 第四隊,參、井、鬼、柳宿、駃騠旗各一; 第五隊,三角獸、黃鹿、苣文、馴象、飛麟旗各一; 第六隊,辟邪、玉兔、吉利、仙鹿、祥雲旗各一; 第七隊,花鳳、飛黃、野馬、金鸚鵡、瑞麥旗各一; 第八隊,孔雀、兕、甘露、網子、角<角>旗各一,並各為一列; 第九隊,犛牛旗一,設於孔雀旗後。 右廂第一隊,同左廂第一; 第二隊,尾、箕、鬥、牛、女宿旗各一; 第三隊,婁、胃、昴、畢、觜宿旗各一; 第四隊,星、張、翼、軫、駃騠旗各一; 第五至第八隊,並同左廂第五至第八; 第九隊,騶牙旗、蒼烏旗各二,相間為一列。 〈(每旗執扯三人。)〉 俱北向。 員僚二人,押黃麾立於龍鳳旗之北。 左右廂五色龍鳳旗之東西,各設黃麾幡二。 次告止幡、傳教幡、信幡各五,次絳麾幡二,次絳引幡五。 員僚五人,押黃麾立於龍鳳旗北少東。 排闌旗三十,自黃麾幡東西排列,以次於南, 〈(每旗執扯三人。)〉 俱北向。 鐙杖、哥舒各三十,於殿東西兩廂排列。 鐙杖起北,哥舒間之,俱東西相向。 左右廂執白柯槍各七十五人,東西相向。 又於騶牙旗南設大黃龍旗一,在殿門裏少西,執扯二十人。 小黃龍旗一,在大黃龍旗後少西,執扯三人。 次大神旗六,分左右。 衛尉寺押當儀仗職掌四人,排仗通直官二人,大將二人,節級二人,檢察六人,左右金吾仗司押當職掌、排列官各一人。 職掌、大將、檢察。 凡大朝會儀衛,有司皆依令式陳設。
During Zhenghe, when issuing the investiture book at Wende Hall, the fine yellow-banner guard was used—one thousand four hundred two persons in all. One each of the sun, My Lord Ten Thousand Years, lion, golden luan, azure dragon, and vermilion dragon banners were deployed east of the eastern steps of the hall, taking west as the place of honor; one each of the moon, Great Peace Under Heaven, lion, golden phoenix, white dragon, and black dragon banners west of the western steps, taking east as the place of honor; (Four persons to hold and guide each banner.) All stood facing north. Two attendants on escort duty stood left and right south of the sun and moon banners. Next, two square umbrellas and four coiled-dragon fans flanking the square umbrellas. Next, two upper generals of the Golden Guard, four generals, and four lead-imperial-carriage officers. Next, two persons in gold armor. Next, six four-color officers—two holding court tablets, the rest holding gold and copper ritual blades. Next, twenty-four in azure brocade, including six on each side bearing gold and copper ritual blades, at the north. Next, two chief escort officers stood south of the azure brocade, slightly to the rear. Next, twelve black great banners, (Five persons to hold and guide each banner.) One member aide each from the Left and Right Golden Guard guard offices escorted the banners, standing south of the flags. Next, one Azure Dragon banner on the east and one White Tiger banner on the west, (Six persons to hold and guide each banner.) Two member aides escorted the flags, standing north of them. All the above were divided left and right, facing east and west. Next, twenty-five dragon banners of the five directions on the east and twenty-five phoenix banners of the five directions on the west. Every five banners alternated, each arrayed according to its directional color. Next, five Five Peaks spirit banners on the east and five Five Stars spirit banners on the west, each arrayed according to directional position. (Three persons to hold and guide each banner.) Next, one Vermilion Bird banner on the east and one True Warrior banner on the west. (Six persons to hold and guide each banner.) All the above faced north. Two member aides escorted the flags, standing south of them, divided left and right. Next, twenty-eight Red Gate banners, divided left and right. (Two persons to hold and guide each banner.) Next, six banners for Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, and Wei, on the east; six banners for Shen, You, Xu, Hai, Zi, and Chou, on the west. Four Heaven King banners, divided left and right, flanking the Chen banner. Next, five each of the dragon lord, red leopard, and official-soldier banners—each banner in its own column on the east, each column with one heaven horse banner at its tail, arrayed in order on the east. Next, five each of the tiger lord, yellow bear, and strongman banners—each in its own column on the west, each with one heaven horse banner at its tail, arrayed in order on the west. (Three persons to hold and guide each banner.) Six member aides escorted the guard, each standing separately before a flag. Next, four member aides escorted the flags, divided left and right in one column east and west. (One officer per column.) Left wing, first team: one column of one each of the hawk-chicken, white marsh, jade horse, pi, and Four Streams banners; (The flag rows and columns of the teams below the ninth followed this pattern.) Second team: one each of the Horn, Succeeding, Base, Room, and Heart lodge banners; Third team: one each of the Emptiness, Rooftop, House, Wall, and Stride lodge banners; Fourth team: one each of the Three, Well, Ghost, and Willow lodge banners and the swift colt banner; Fifth team: one each of the triangle beast, yellow deer, juwen, tame elephant, and flying qilin banners; Sixth team: one each of the ward-off-evil, jade rabbit, auspicious profit, immortal deer, and auspicious cloud banners; Seventh team: one each of the flower phoenix, flying yellow, wild horse, golden parrot, and auspicious wheat banners; Eighth team: one each of the peacock, rhinoceros, sweet dew, net, and horn banners, each in its own column; Ninth team: one yak banner, deployed behind the peacock banner. Right wing, first team: the same as the left wing's first team; second team: one each of the Tail, Winnow, Dipper, Ox, and Woman lodge banners; third team: one each of the Bond, Stomach, Hairy, Net, and Beak lodge banners; fourth team: one each of the Star, Extended, Wing, and Chariot lodge banners and the swift colt banner; fifth through eighth teams: the same as the left wing's fifth through eighth; ninth team: two each of the zouya and dark crow banners, alternating in one column. (Three persons to hold and guide each banner.) All faced north. Two member aides escorted the yellow banner, standing north of the dragon and phoenix banners. East and west of the five-colored dragon and phoenix banners of each wing, two yellow-banner pennants were deployed. Next, five each of halt, teaching, and trust pennants; next, two crimson-banner pennants; next, five crimson guide pennants. Five member aides escorted the yellow banner, standing slightly east of north of the dragon and phoenix banners. Thirty gate-clearing banners, arrayed east and west from the yellow-banner pennants, in order toward the south, (Three persons to hold and guide each banner.) All faced north. Thirty stirrup staffs and thirty Geshu [poles] each, arrayed in the two wings east and west of the hall. Stirrup staffs began from the north with Geshu between them, all facing each other east and west. Seventy-five bearers of white ke spears on each wing, facing each other east and west. Again south of the zouya banner one great yellow dragon banner was deployed slightly west inside the hall gate, with twenty bearers. One small yellow dragon banner slightly west behind the great yellow dragon banner, with three bearers. Next, six great spirit banners, divided left and right. Four duty attendants of the Court of Imperial Insignia for on-duty ritual accoutrements; two direct officers for deploying the guard; two great generals; two section chiefs; six inspectors; and one each of the on-duty attendants and array officers of the Left and Right Golden Guard guard offices. Duty attendants, great generals, and inspectors. For all great court assembly ceremonial guards, the responsible offices displayed them according to the prescribed decree forms.
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初,宋製,有黃麾大仗、半仗、角仗、細仗。 南渡後,儀仗尤簡,惟造黃麾半仗、角仗、細仗,而大仗不設。 中興大朝會,四朝惟一講,紹興十五年正月朔旦是也。 然止以大仗三分減一,用三千三百五十人。 自是正旦、冬至俱免大朝賀,以為定例焉。
Initially under the Song system there were the great, half, corner, and fine yellow-banner guard formations. After the move south, ceremonial guards were especially simplified: only the half, corner, and fine yellow-banner formations were made, and the great formation was no longer deployed. For great court assemblies after the Restoration, of four court occasions only one full ceremony was held—that of the new-year dawn on the first day of the first month in the fifteenth year of Shaoxing. Yet even this used only two-thirds of the great guard—three thousand three hundred fifty persons. From this, great court felicitations on New Year's Day and the winter solstice were both waived, becoming fixed precedent.
25
黃麾半仗者,大慶殿正旦受朝、兩宮上冊寶之所設也,用二千四百一十五人。 其內儀仗官兵等一千八百三人,兵部職掌五人,統製官二人,皆襆頭、公裳、腰帶、靴、笏。 金吾司碧襴三十二人,襆頭、碧襴衫、銅革帶,執儀刀。 將官二人,襆頭、緋抹額、紫繡羅袍、背螣蛇、銅革帶,執儀刀。 旁頭一十人,素帽、紫衫、纈衫、黃勒帛,執銅仗子。 金銅甲二人,兜鍪、甲衫、錦臂衣,執金銅鉞斧。 絳引幡十,告止幡、傳教幡、信幡各二,執幡人皆武弁、緋寶相花衫、勒帛。 黃麾幡二,執幡人武弁、黃寶相花衫、銅革帶。 小行旗三百人,素帽、五色抹額、緋寶相花衫、勒帛。 五色小氅三百人,儀鍠四十人,皆纈帽,五色寶相花衫、勒帛。 金節一十二人,武弁、青寶相花衫、銅革帶。 殳叉三十人,素帽、五色寶相花衫、勒帛。 綠槊二百一十人,素帽、緋寶相花衫、勒帛。 烏戟二百一十人,纈帽、緋寶相花衫、勒帛。 白柯槍六十人,素帽子、銀褐寶相花衫、勒帛。 儀弓二百七十人,纈帽、青寶相花衫、勒帛。 儀弩六十人,平巾幘、緋寶相花衫、勒帛。 銅仗子二十人,素帽、紫衫、黃勒帛。 儀刀百八十四人,平巾幘、緋寶相花衫。 內大旗下六百一十二人,大旗三十四,龍旗一十,鳳旗一十,五星旗、五嶽旗各五,青龍旗、白虎旗、朱雀旗、玄武旗各一,每旗扶拽一十七人,搭材一名,武弁、五色寶相花衫、勒帛。 其外殿中輿輦、傘扇百三十三人,逍遙、平輦各一,每輦人員八人,帽子、宜男纈羅單衫、塗金銀柘枝腰帶。 輦官二十七人,襆頭、白獅子纈羅單衫、塗金銀海捷腰帶、紫羅裏夾三襜。 中道傘扇六十六,輦官七十人,素方傘四十四人,弓腳襆頭、碧襴衫、塗金銅革帶、烏皮履。 繡紫方傘六、花團扇十二、十八人,雉扇二十二人,準備四人,皆武弁、緋寶相花袍、銅革帶。 鳳扇二十二人,黃抹額、黃寶相花袍、黃勒帛。 編排儀仗職掌五人,立殿下傘扇後,烏皮介幘、緋羅寬衫、白羅大帶。
The half yellow-banner guard, deployed when receiving court on New Year's Day at Great Celebration Hall and when the two palaces presented investiture seals, used two thousand four hundred fifteen persons. Within it were one thousand eight hundred three ritual-accoutrement military officials; five Ministry of War duty attendants; and two overall command officers—all in futou, official robes, waist belts, boots, and court tablets. Thirty-two persons of the Golden Guard office in azure brocade, with futou, azure-brocade shirts, and leather belts, bearing ritual blades. Two general officers in futou, scarlet forehead bands, purple embroidered silk robes with flying serpent on the back, and copper leather belts, bearing ritual blades. Ten side attendants in plain caps, purple gauze shirts, patterned shirts, and yellow waist sashes, bearing copper staffs. Two in gold and copper armor, with helmets, armored shirts, and brocade arm wraps, bearing gold and copper battle-axes. Ten crimson guide pennants; two each of halt, teaching, and trust pennants—all pennant bearers in martial caps, scarlet treasure-flower shirts, and waist sashes. Two yellow-banner pennants—bearers in martial caps, yellow treasure-flower shirts, and copper leather belts. Three hundred small marching flags: plain caps, five-colored forehead bands, scarlet treasure-flower shirts, and waist sashes. Three hundred small streamers of five colors; forty ritual gongs—all in patterned caps, five-colored treasure-flower shirts, and waist sashes. Twelve with gold nodes: martial caps, azure treasure-flower shirts, and copper leather belts. Thirty with shu forks: plain caps, five-colored treasure-flower shirts, and waist sashes. Two hundred ten with green spears: plain caps, scarlet treasure-flower shirts, and waist sashes. Two hundred ten with black halberds: patterned caps, scarlet treasure-flower shirts, and waist sashes. Sixty with white ke spears: plain caps, silver-brown treasure-flower shirts, and waist sashes. Two hundred seventy with ritual bows: patterned caps, azure treasure-flower shirts, and waist sashes. Sixty with ritual crossbows: flat kerchief caps, scarlet treasure-flower shirts, and waist sashes. Twenty with copper staffs: plain caps, purple gauze shirts, and yellow waist sashes. One hundred eighty-four with ritual blades: flat kerchief caps and scarlet treasure-flower shirts. Within the great banners were six hundred twelve persons: thirty-four great banners; ten dragon and ten phoenix banners; five each of Five Stars and Five Peaks banners; one each of Azure Dragon, White Tiger, Vermilion Bird, and Black Warrior banners—seventeen support-and-guide persons per banner and one frame-material worker—all in martial caps, five-colored treasure-flower shirts, and waist sashes. Outside this were one hundred thirty-three persons for sedans, carriages, umbrellas, and fans of the Palace Directorate—one leisure and one flat palanquin, eight personnel each, in caps, suitable-male patterned silk single shirts, and gilded-silver branch waist belts. Twenty-seven sedan officers in futou, white-lion patterned silk single shirts, gilded-silver sea-victory waist belts, and purple silk three-flap linings. Sixty-six umbrellas and fans on the central path; seventy sedan officers; forty-four with plain square umbrellas—all in bow-leg futou, azure-brocade shirts, gilded copper leather belts, and black leather shoes. Six embroidered purple square umbrellas; twelve flower round fans with eighteen persons; twenty-two pheasant-tail fans; four reserves—all in martial caps, scarlet treasure-flower robes, and copper leather belts. Twenty-two with phoenix fans: yellow forehead bands, yellow treasure-flower robes, and yellow waist sashes. Five duty attendants for arranging the ritual accoutrements stood behind the umbrellas and fans below the hall, in black leather caps with black borders, scarlet silk wide shirts, and white silk great belts.
26
其黃麾小半仗者,大慶殿冊皇太子及穆清殿皇后受冊之所設也,用一千四百九十九人。 其內儀仗官兵等八百八十七人,兵部職掌十二人,金吾司碧襴三十人,絳引幡二、告止幡一、傳教幡一、信幡一、用十五人,黃麾幡一、三人。 小行旗百八十人,五色小氅子百八十人,金節十二人,儀鍠、斧二十三人,綠槊七十五人,烏戟七十五人,白柯槍八十一人,儀弓六十三人,儀弩四十五人,銅仗子一十人,儀刀六十七人。 統製官、將官、牽頭、金銅甲,皆與前半仗同。 內大旗下六百一十二人,殿中輿輦、傘扇百三十二人,皆同前半仗。
Its small half yellow-banner guard, deployed when investing the crown prince by book at Great Celebration Hall and when the empress received the book at Muqing Hall, used one thousand four hundred ninety-nine persons. Within it were eight hundred eighty-seven ritual-accoutrement military officials; twelve Ministry of War duty attendants; thirty of the Golden Guard office in azure brocade; two crimson guide pennants and one each of halt, teaching, and trust pennants using fifteen persons; and one yellow-banner pennant with three persons. One hundred eighty small marching flags; one hundred eighty five-colored small streamers; twelve gold nodes; twenty-three ritual gongs and axes; seventy-five green spears; seventy-five black halberds; eighty-one white ke spears; sixty-three ritual bows; forty-five ritual crossbows; ten copper staffs; and sixty-seven ritual blades. Overall command officers, general officers, lead attendants, and gold-copper armor were all as in the front half guard. Six hundred twelve persons within the great banners and one hundred thirty-two for sedans, carriages, umbrellas, and fans of the Palace Directorate were all as in the front half guard.
27
其黃麾角仗者,大慶殿冬至受朝、紫宸殿即位、兩宮賀節慶壽、紫宸殿受金使朝之所設也,用一千五十六人。 內金吾司放仗官二人,統製官一人,攝大將軍六人,旁頭五人,黃麾幡一,三人,絳引幡八,二十四人,金節十二人,儀弓七十人,儀弩五十人,儀刀七十人,儀鍠、斧一十三人,白柯槍三十人,綠槊七十人,烏戟七十人,小行旗三百人,五色小氅三百人,銅仗子三十人。
Its yellow-banner corner guard, deployed for receiving court at the winter solstice at Great Celebration Hall, enthronement at Purple Hall Hall, felicitations for festivals and longevity at the two palaces, and reception of Jin envoys at Purple Hall Hall, used one thousand fifty-six persons. Within it: two Golden Guard officers to release the guard; one overall command officer; six acting great generals; five side attendants; one yellow-banner pennant with three persons; eight crimson guide pennants with twenty-four persons; twelve gold nodes; seventy ritual bows; fifty ritual crossbows; seventy ritual blades; thirteen ritual gongs and axes; thirty white ke spears; seventy green spears; seventy black halberds; three hundred small marching flags; three hundred five-colored small streamers; and thirty copper staffs.
28
其黃麾細仗者,大慶殿、文德殿發冊及進國史之所設也。 東都用一千四百二人,中興後或用百人至五百人,隨事增損。 而其執仗有四,小行旗、五色小氅、儀刀、銅仗子; 其服色有四,纈帽子、素帽子、平巾幘、武弁冠,五色寶相花衫、勒帛。
Its fine yellow-banner guard was deployed when issuing the investiture book and presenting the national history at Great Celebration Hall and Wende Hall. At the Eastern Capital it used one thousand four hundred two persons; after the Restoration sometimes one hundred to five hundred persons, increased or decreased according to the occasion. Those bearing the guard included four types: small marching flags, five-colored small streamers, ritual blades, and copper staffs; and four types of dress: patterned caps, plain caps, flat kerchief caps, and martial caps, with five-colored treasure-flower shirts and waist sashes.
29
大朝會之外,有日參、四參、六參、朔參、望參。 朔參,用厘務、不厘務通直郎已上。 望參,用厘務通直郎已上。 宣製、非時慶賀以望參官,餘以朔參官。 四參官,謂宰執,侍從,武臣正任,文臣卿監、員郎、監察御史已上。 四參遇雨則改日參。 在京宮觀奉朝請者赴六參。 高宗移蹕臨安,殿無南廊,遇雨雪,則日參官於南閤內起居。 宰執、使相立簷下; 侍從、兩省、台諫官以下立南閤內; 卿監、郎官、武功大夫以下立東西廊。 紹興十二年十月,有司請行正、至朝賀禮,及講求祖宗故實常朝、視朝、正衙、便殿之儀。 乃討論朔日文德殿視朝,紫宸殿日參、望參,垂拱殿日參、四參,假日崇政殿坐,聖節垂拱、紫宸殿上壽之製。 請先禦正殿視朝。 十一月,禮部侍郎王賞言:“正、至及大慶賀受朝,係禦大慶殿,與文德、紫宸、垂拱殿禮製不同。 月朔視朝,則禦文德殿,謂之前殿正衙,設黃麾半仗。 其餘紫宸、垂拱皆係別殿,不設儀仗。 今大慶殿朝會,禮文繁多,欲先舉行文德殿視朝之製。 ”時行宮止一殿,乃更作崇政、垂拱二殿。 御史台請以射殿為崇政殿,朔望權置帳門以為紫宸殿,宣赦書、德音、麻製以為文德殿,群臣拜表、聽禦劄批答權作文殿德東上閤門。 其垂拱殿四參,於殿門外設位版。 十三年,始視朝於文德殿,設黃麾半仗二千四百十五人。 六月,紫宸殿望參,設黃麾角仗一千五十六人。 自是,後殿坐及射殿引呈公事,以日景已高,依舊制設衛士、青涼傘十。 淳熙十四年,詔引呈射殿公事,殿門外排立禦馬,如後殿之儀。
Outside great court assemblies there were daily attendance, fourfold attendance, sixfold attendance, new-moon attendance, and full-moon attendance. New-moon attendance used unblemished gentlemen and above, whether on or off case duties. Full-moon attendance used unblemished gentlemen and above on case duties. Proclaiming decrees and impromptu felicitations used full-moon attendance officers; the rest used new-moon attendance officers. Fourfold attendance officers comprised chief ministers, attendants, martial officials in regular appointments, and civil officials from ministers and supervisors through unblemished gentlemen and supervisory censors and above. When rain fell on fourfold attendance, it was changed to daily attendance. Those at capital palace abbeys on court invitation attended sixfold attendance. When Gaozong moved the court to Lin'an, the hall had no south corridor; in rain or snow, daily attendance officers paid their respects inside the south privy chamber. Chief ministers and envoy-chancellors stood beneath the eaves; attendants and censor-remonstrance officers of the two provinces and below stood inside the south privy chamber; ministers, supervisors, unblemished gentlemen, and martial grandees and below stood in the east and west corridors. In the tenth month of the twelfth year of Shaoxing, the responsible offices requested that the New Year and winter solstice court felicitation rites be performed and that the rituals of regular court, viewing court, main hall, and side hall under the ancestors be investigated. They then discussed viewing court at Wende Hall on the new moon; daily and full-moon attendance at Purple Hall Hall; daily and fourfold attendance at Chui Gong Hall; sitting at Chongzheng Hall on holidays; and the system for offering longevity at Chui Gong and Purple Hall Halls on the emperor's birthday. They asked to hold viewing court at the main hall first. In the eleventh month, Vice Minister of Rites Wang Shang stated: Receiving court with felicitations on New Year's Day, the winter solstice, and at Great Celebration involved holding court at Great Celebration Hall, which differed from the ritual systems of Wende, Purple Hall, and Chui Gong Halls. Viewing court on the monthly new moon was held at Wende Hall—the so-called front hall and main hall—with the half yellow-banner guard deployed. The rest—Purple Hall and Chui Gong—were separate halls where no ritual guard was deployed. Now the court assembly at Great Celebration Hall involved numerous ritual texts; we wish first to put into practice the system of viewing court at Wende Hall. At that time the traveling palace had only one hall, so Chongzheng and Chui Gong Halls were additionally built. The Censorate asked that the archery hall serve as Chongzheng Hall; that a tent gate be set up provisionally on new and full moons as Purple Hall Hall; that amnesty books, virtuous proclamations, and hemp edicts be proclaimed as at Wende Hall; and that officials bowing memorials and receiving imperial-note replies be handled provisionally at the east upper gate office of Wen Hall virtue. For fourfold attendance at Chui Gong Hall, position boards were deployed outside the hall gate. In the thirteenth year, viewing court began at Wende Hall, with the half yellow-banner guard of two thousand four hundred fifteen persons. In the sixth month, full-moon attendance at Purple Hall Hall deployed the yellow-banner corner guard of one thousand fifty-six persons. From this, when sitting in the rear hall or presenting official business in the archery hall, because the sun was already high, ten guard blue cool umbrellas were deployed following the old system. In the fourteenth year of Chunxi, an edict ordered that when presenting official business in the archery hall, imperial horses be arrayed outside the hall gate as in the rear-hall ritual.
30
大朝會儀,舊制,垂拱殿設簾,殿上駐輦,候起居稱賀班絕,乘輦,樞密、知閤門官、樞密都副承旨、諸房副都承旨前導,管軍引駕至大慶殿後幄降輦,入次更衣。 紹興十五年正月朔旦,以二殿經途與東都異,乃以常禦殿為垂拱殿,免駐輦,設簾帷,設椅子,稱賀畢,過大慶殿後幄。 前期,儀鸞司設禦榻於大慶殿中,南向,設東西房於禦榻左右稍北,設東西閤於殿後左右,殿上前楹施簾,設香案於殿下。 太常展宮架樂於殿庭橫街之南。 其日,禦輦院陳輿輦、傘扇於殿下,東西相向。 兵部陳五輅於皇城南門外,俱北向。 騏驥院列禦馬於殿門外,東西相向。 兵部帥屬設黃麾仗三千三百五十人於殿門內外。 以殿狹,輦出房,不鳴鞭。
Great court assembly ritual under the old system: a curtain was deployed at Chui Gong Hall and the palanquin halted above the hall; after the felicitation bowing ended, the emperor rode the palanquin, guided by Privy Council and gate-office officers and deputy chief attendants, with the commanding army leading the imperial carriage to the rear canopy of Great Celebration Hall to descend and change clothes. On the new-year dawn of the first month of the fifteenth year of Shaoxing, because the route between the two halls differed from the Eastern Capital, the hall where the emperor regularly held court served as Chui Gong Hall without halting the palanquin; curtains and a chair were deployed, and after felicitations the emperor passed to the rear canopy of Great Celebration Hall. Beforehand, the Ceremonial Guard Office placed the imperial couch in the center of Great Celebration Hall facing south; eastern and western rooms slightly north of the couch; eastern and western privy chambers behind the hall; a curtain on the front eaves; and an incense table below the hall. The Grand Ritual Office spread palace-frame music south of the cross street in the hall courtyard. That day the Imperial Palanquin Office displayed sedans, carriages, umbrellas, and fans below the hall, facing each other east and west. The Ministry of War displayed the five carriages outside the south gate of the imperial city, all facing north. The Fine Steed Office arrayed imperial horses outside the hall gate, facing each other east and west. The Ministry of War led its subordinates in deploying three thousand three hundred fifty persons of the yellow-banner guard inside and outside the hall gate. Because the hall was narrow, the palanquin exited through a side room without sounding the whip.
31
淳熙十六年正旦,行稱賀禮,比政和五禮月朔視朝儀。 皇帝御大慶殿,服靴袍,即御坐,皇太子、文武百僚常服稱賀,而設黃麾半仗二千四百十五人。 及冬至朝賀,設黃麾角仗一千五十六人。 著為令。 而大朝會儀。 自紹興十五年以後不設。
On New Year's Day in the sixteenth year of Chunxi, the felicitation ritual was performed, comparable to the new-moon viewing-court ritual of the Five Rites of Zhenghe. The emperor presided at Great Celebration Hall in boots and robe, took the imperial seat, and received felicitations from the crown prince and the hundred civil and martial officials in ordinary dress, with the half yellow-banner guard of two thousand four hundred fifteen persons deployed. For the winter solstice court felicitation, the yellow-banner corner guard of one thousand fifty-six persons was deployed. This was recorded as a statute. As for the great court assembly ritual, it was no longer deployed after the fifteenth year of Shaoxing.