1
儀衛二○宮中導從行幸儀衛太上皇儀衛後妃儀衛
Ceremonial Guards 2: Palace Escorts; Touring Escorts; Retired Emperor Escorts; Consort Escorts
2
宮中導從之製，唐已前無聞焉。 五代漢乾祐中，始置主輦十六人，捧足一人，掌扇四人，持踏床一人，並服文綾袍、銀葉弓腳襆頭。 尚宮一人，寶省一人，高鬢、紫衣。 書省二人，紫衣、弓腳襆頭。 新婦二人，高鬟、青袍。 大將二人，紫衣、弓腳襆頭。 童子執紅絲拂二人，高鬟髻、青衣。 執犀盤二人，帶鬅頭、黃衫。 執翟尾二人，帶鬅頭、黃衫。 雞冠二人，紫衣，分執金灌器、唾壺。 女冠二人，紫衣，執香爐、香盤。 分左右以次奉引。
Regulations governing palace escorts are not attested before the Tang dynasty. During the Qianyou reign of Later Han in the Five Dynasties, the court first appointed sixteen palanquin bearers, one foot attendant, four fan bearers, and one footrest bearer, all in patterned damask robes with silver-leaf bow-foot headwraps. One Director of the Palace and one from the Treasure Bureau, with high side-buns and purple robes. Two from the Writing Bureau in purple robes and bow-foot headwraps. Two bridal attendants with high topknots and green robes. Two generals in purple robes and bow-foot headwraps. Two youths bearing red-silk whisks, with high topknots and green garments. Two attendants carrying rhinoceros-horn trays, with topknot headwear and yellow shirts. Two attendants carrying pheasant-tail plumes, with topknot headwear and yellow shirts. Two Cock's-Comb attendants in purple, one with a gold pouring vessel and one with a spittoon. Two female Daoist attendants in purple, bearing an incense burner and an incense tray. They were arrayed left and right to lead the procession in order.
3
太宗太平興國初，增主輦二十四人，改服高腳襆頭； 輦頭一人，衣紫繡袍，持金塗銀仗以督領之。 奉珍珠、七寶、翠毛華樹二人，衣緋袍； 奉金寶山二人，衣綠繡袍； 奉龍腦合二人，衣緋銷金袍，並高腳襆頭。 執拂翟四人，鬅頭、衣黃繡袍。 舊衣綾袍、紫衣者，悉易以銷金及繡。 復增司薄一人，內省一人，司儀一人，司給一人，皆分左右前導，凡一十七行。 每正、至禦殿，祀郊廟，步輦出入至長春殿用之。 其乘輦，則屈右足、垂左足而憑幾，蓋唐製也。 真宗時，加四面內官周衛。 大中祥符三年，內出繪圖以示宰相。
Early in the Taiping Xingguo era under Emperor Taizong, twenty-four palanquin bearers were added and their headwear was changed to high-foot wraps; one palanquin director in a purple embroidered robe, bearing a gold-plated silver staff to command them. Two attendants carrying pearl, seven-treasure, and kingfisher-feather ornamental trees, in scarlet robes; two bearing gold treasure mountains, in green embroidered robes; two carrying camphor caskets, in scarlet gold-thread brocade robes, all wearing high-foot headwraps. Four attendants with pheasant-tail whisks, topknot headwear, and yellow embroidered robes. Former damask robes and purple garments were all replaced with gold-thread brocade and embroidery. The court also added one registrar, one inner secretariat officer, one master of ceremonies, and one supply officer, each posted left and right to lead ahead—a total of seventeen rows. This escort was used whenever the emperor attended court at the solstices, performed suburban and temple sacrifices, or the walking palanquin passed in and out as far as Ever-Spring Hall. When seated in the palanquin, the rider bent the right leg, let the left foot hang down, and rested on an armrest—a Tang custom. Under Emperor Zhenzong, inner palace officials were posted on all four sides as a surrounding guard. In the third year of Dazhong Xiangfu, the palace issued a painted diagram for the chief ministers to review.
4
行幸儀衛。 宋初，三駕皆以待禮事。 車駕近出，止用常從以行。 其舊儀，殿前司隨駕馬隊，凡諸班直內，殿前指揮使全班祗應：左班七十六人，二十四人在駕前左邊引駕，五十二人作兩隊隨駕； 右班七十七人，二十四人在駕前右邊引駕，五十三人在駕後作兩隊隨駕，二十七人第一隊，二十六人第二隊。 內殿直五十四人，散員六十四人，散指揮六十四人，散都頭五十四人，散祗候五十四人，金槍五十四人，茶酒班祗應殿侍百五十七人，東第二班長入祗候殿侍十八人，駕後動樂三十一人，馬隊弩手分東西八十五人，招箭班三十五人，散直百七人，鈞容直三百二十人，禦龍直百四十二人，禦龍骨朵子直二百二十人，並全班祗應。 禦龍弓箭直百三十三人，禦龍弩直百三十三人，寬衣天武指揮二百一十六人。 〈（各有都虞候、指揮使、員僚。）〉 若隨駕不使馬隊，即減內殿直、散員、散指揮、散都頭、散祗候、金槍等直，仍減東西班馬隊弩手八十五人，餘並同上。
Ceremonial Guards for Imperial Tours. Early in the Song, all three grades of imperial procession were reserved for ritual occasions. For nearby outings, the imperial carriage relied only on the regular escort. Under the old regulations, the Palatial Guard's escort cavalry: among all duty shifts, the commanders' full company attended—the left company numbered seventy-six, with twenty-four on the left before the carriage to lead it and fifty-two in two squads following; the right company numbered seventy-seven, with twenty-four on the right before the carriage to lead it and fifty-three behind in two squads—twenty-seven in the first and twenty-six in the second. Also attending in full companies were: Inner Hall Direct (54), scattered members (64), scattered commanders (64), scattered squad leaders (54), scattered attendants (54), golden spears (54), tea-and-wine shift palace attendants (157), eastern second company senior palace attendants (18), post-carriage ceremonial music (31), cavalry crossbowmen east and west (85), arrow-recruitment company (35), scattered direct (107), Imperial Music Direct (320), Imperial Dragon Direct (142), and Imperial Dragon mace Direct (220). Imperial Dragon bow Direct (133), Imperial Dragon crossbow Direct (133), and broad-garment Heavenly Martial command (216). (Each unit had a chief adjutant, commander, and staff officers.) When the escort did not use the cavalry squad, Inner Hall Direct and the scattered companies and golden spears were omitted, along with the eighty-five east-west cavalry crossbowmen; all else followed the same arrangement.
5
凡皇城司隨駕人數：崇政殿祗應親從四指揮共二百五十二人，執擎骨朵，充禁衛； 崇政殿門外快行、祗候、親從第四指揮五十四人； 車駕導從、兩壁隨行親從親事官共九十六人，並於駕前先行，行幸所到之處，充行宮司把門、灑掃祗應。 〈（各有正副都頭、節級、十將。）〉
The Imperial City Bureau's escort comprised four companies of Chongzheng Hall personal followers (252 men), bearing maces as the inner guard; outside Chongzheng Hall, fast runners, attendants, and the fourth personal-follower company (54 men); ninety-six carriage escorts and flank personal-follower attendants marched ahead of the carriage; at each stop they served as temporary gatekeepers and sweepers for the traveling palace. (Each unit had chief and deputy squad leaders, section chiefs, and decurions.)
6
尚書兵部供黃麾仗內法物：罕罼各一。 五色繡氅子並龍頭竿掛，第一，青繡孔雀氅； 第二，緋繡鳳氅； 第三，青繡孔雀氅； 第四，皂繡鵝氅； 第五，白繡鵝氅； 第六，黃繡雞氅。 又六軍儀仗司供儀仗法物，內獅子旗四口，充門旗二口，各一人執，分左右； 二口各十人執扯，分左右，扯人執弓箭。 又左金吾引駕仗供牙門旗十四口，十口開五門，每門二口，每口一人執二人夾，計三十人，並騎，夾人執弓箭。 監門校尉二十人，每門四人，並帶儀刀，騎。 二口係前步甲第七隊前，二口係前部黃麾第一隊前，二口係後部黃麾第一隊前，二口係後步甲第一隊前，二口係後步甲第七隊前。 四口開二門，每門二口，每口一人執二人夾，計十二人，並騎。 監門校尉六人，並帶儀刀，騎。 二口係兵部班劍儀刀隊後，二口係真武隊前。 又右金吾引駕仗供牙門旗十四口，製同左仗。
The Secretariat's Ministry of War furnished ritual objects for the yellow-banner guard: one canopy and one parasol apiece. Five-colored embroidered pennants on dragon-head poles: first, a green embroidered peacock pennant; second, a scarlet embroidered phoenix pennant; third, a green embroidered peacock pennant; fourth, a black embroidered goose pennant; fifth, a white embroidered goose pennant; sixth, a yellow embroidered rooster pennant. The Six Armies Ceremonial Guard Bureau also supplied ceremonial objects, including four lion flags—two as gate flags, each borne by one man, left and right; two flags each with ten men to trail them, left and right, the trail-bearers armed with bows and arrows. The Left Golden Crow escort guard furnished fourteen gate flags—ten forming five gates of two flags each, with one bearer and two flankers per flag (thirty mounted men in all), the flankers armed with bows and arrows. Twenty gate-wardens (four per gate), mounted and wearing ceremonial swords. Two flags stood before the front infantry seventh squad, two before the front yellow-banner first squad, two before the rear yellow-banner first squad, two before the rear infantry first squad, and two before the rear infantry seventh squad. Four flags formed two gates of two flags each, with one bearer and two flankers per flag—twelve mounted men in all. Six gate-wardens, mounted and wearing ceremonial swords. Two flags followed the Ministry of War sword-and-ceremonial-blade squad, and two preceded the True Martial squad. The Right Golden Crow escort guard also furnished fourteen gate flags, identical to those on the left.
7
仁宗康定元年，參知政事宋庠言：“車駕行幸，非郊廟大禮具陳鹵薄外，其常日導從，惟前有駕頭，後擁傘扇而已，殊無禮典所載公卿奉引之盛。 其侍從及百司官屬，下至廝役，皆雜行道中。 步輦之後，但以親事官百餘人執楇以殿，謂之禁衛。 諸班勁騎，頗與乘輿相遠； 士庶觀者，率隨扈從之人，夾道馳走，喧呼不禁。 所過旗亭市樓，垂簾外蔽，士民馮高下瞰，莫為嚴憚。 邏司街使，恬不嗬止。 威令弛闕，玩習為常。 非所謂旄頭先驅，清道後行之慎也。 且自黃帝以神功盛德，猶假師兵營衛，則防微禦變，古今一體。 案漢魏以降，有大駕、小駕之儀。 至唐又分殿中諸衛、黃麾等仗，名數次序，各有施設。 國朝承五姓荒殘之弊，事從簡略，每鳴鑾遊豫，盡去戈戟、旌旗之製，儀衛寡薄，頗同藩鎮。 此皆制度放失，憚於改作之咎。 宜委一二博學近臣，討繹前代儀注及鹵薄令，以乘輿常時出入之儀，比之三駕諸仗，酌取其中，稍增儀物，具嚴法禁，以示尊極，以防未然。 革去因循，其在今日。 ”詔太常禮院與兩製詳定，參以舊儀，別加新製。
In the first year of Kangding, Vice Grand Councilor Song Qi said: "On imperial tours, apart from suburban and temple rites when the full guard of honor is deployed, the everyday escort amounts to a carriage leader ahead and umbrellas and fans behind—nothing like the grand procession of dukes and ministers leading the way described in the ritual canon. Attendants and officials of every bureau, down to menials, all mingle in the roadway. Behind the walking palanquin, a mere hundred-odd personal attendants with clubs bring up the rear—this alone is called the inner guard. The elite cavalry of the various companies stand quite far from the imperial carriage; Spectators commonly chase alongside the escort, running down both sides of the road with unchecked shouting. At wine pavilions and market towers along the route, curtains hung outward; gentry and commoners peered down from every vantage without the least restraint. Patrol officers and street commissioners made no effort to stop them. Authority had grown slack, and disorder had become routine. This falls far short of the vigilance implied when the vanguard clears the road before the rear guard follows. Even the Yellow Emperor, for all his divine merit, still relied on troops for camp guards—guarding against small dangers is the same principle in every age. From Han and Wei onward, courts distinguished great and small imperial progresses. Under the Tang, palace guards, yellow-banner units, and the like were further subdivided, each with its own titles, numbers, order, and deployment. Our dynasty inherited the devastation of the Five Dynasties and kept affairs simple. On every imperial outing the court stripped away halberds, spears, and banners; the guard was meager, scarcely distinguishable from a regional commander's train. All of this reflected institutions left to lapse and a fear of being blamed for reform. The court should commission one or two learned officials nearby to review earlier dynasties' ritual codes and guard-of-honor statutes, compare the emperor's routine outings with the three grades of procession, adopt what fits, add ceremonial objects, enforce strict prohibitions, display imperial dignity, and forestall trouble before it arises. To break free of entrenched habit—there is no better time than now. " The emperor ordered the Court of Imperial Sacrifices' Directorate of Ritual and the Hanlin Academy to deliberate in detail, drawing on old regulations while adding new provisions.
8
兩製同禮官議，略準小駕制度，添清道馬、罕罼、旗氅等物。 別為常行禁衛儀，加清道馬百匹，並帶器械，分五行，行二十人。 〈（請下殿前司，於諸班內差。）〉 罕罼各一，分左右，並騎。 牙門旗前後各四，分左右，並騎。 緋繡鳳氅二十四，分左右，並騎。 〈（以上請下殿前司，於諸班內差充。）〉 雉扇十二，分左右。 〈（請於親從官內差充。）〉 以上新添百六十二人。 凡天武官舊二百一十六人，空行，今添執哥舒，為一重。 親從官舊百四十五人，今添百五十五人，通為三百人，為一重。 殿前指揮使舊四十八人，今添百五十二人，通為二百人，或於近上諸班相兼差充，並騎，為一重。 以上因舊人數添。 〈（舊四百九人，新添三百七人，共七百一十六人。）〉
The Hanlin Academy and ritual officials agreed to follow the small-progress model roughly, adding road-clearing horses, canopy and parasol, flags, pennants, and similar items. They established a separate ceremony for the routine inner guard, adding one hundred road-clearing horses armed with weapons, in five rows of twenty. (The Palatial Guard should detail men from the various companies.) One canopy and one parasol apiece, left and right, all mounted. Four gate flags before and four behind, left and right, all mounted. Twenty-four scarlet embroidered phoenix pennants, left and right, all mounted. (For all the above, the Palatial Guard should detail men from the various companies.) Twelve pheasant-tail fans, left and right. (Men should be detailed from the personal followers.) These additions came to one hundred sixty-two men. The Heavenly Martial guard formerly numbered two hundred sixteen and marched empty-handed; they were now to carry geku shields as one layer. Personal followers formerly numbered one hundred forty-five; with one hundred fifty-five added, they totaled three hundred as one layer. Palatial Guard commanders formerly numbered forty-eight; with one hundred fifty-two added they totaled two hundred, some concurrently drawn from senior companies, all mounted as one layer. The above augmented existing personnel. (Formerly 409 men; 307 added; 716 in all.)
9
凡駕前殿前指揮使、親從官為二重，左右相對，各開二門，約二丈，每門並差人員二人押當。 第一門與通事舍人相對，第二門與閣門使相對。 每有臣僚迎駕起居，並令中道候起居畢，於左右門出。 其諸色人止令於牙門旗前道傍起居，不得便入禁衛中。 〈（每門外重，令殿前指揮使執旗二面以表門，用轉光錯彩旗，通上計五重，皆掩後團轉。）〉 凡百司祗應人於禁衛內無執掌者，及隨駕臣僚除合將入禁衛隨從人數外，餘並令於殿前指揮使行外左右前後行。 凡前牙門旗以後，後牙門旗以前，屬禁衛中，不得輒入。 凡中書、樞密院臣僚，並於從內第三重寬衣天武內行馬； 其餘隨駕文武臣僚，並在從內第四重殿前指揮使內，分左右依官位行馬。
Before the carriage, Palatial Guard commanders and personal followers formed two facing ranks, each opening two gates roughly two zhang apart, with two men posted at each gate. The first gate faced the Communications Attendants; the second faced the Gate Commissioners. When officials came to greet the carriage, they waited in the central roadway until obeisance was complete, then exited through the left or right gate. Persons of every rank were permitted obeisance only by the roadside before the gate flags and could not enter the inner guard. (Outside each gate, commanders bore two iridescent multicolored flags to mark it; five layers in all wheeled behind in a closed circle.) Attendants of every bureau without duties inside the inner guard, and accompanying officials beyond those permitted escorts, were to march outside the commanders' ranks on every side. The zone from the front gate flags to the rear gate flags was inner guard territory; no unauthorized entry was permitted. Secretariat and Bureau of Military Affairs officials rode within the escort's third inner layer, among the broad-garment Heavenly Martial guard. Other accompanying civil and military officials rode within the escort's fourth inner layer among the Palatial Guard commanders, arrayed left and right by rank.
10
凡車駕經曆去處，若有樓閣，並不得垂簾障蔽，及止絕士庶不許臨高瞰下，止於街兩傍立觀，即不得夾路喧呼馳走。 〈（前牙門以前，後牙門以後，不在此限。）〉 凡車駕未出皇城門，宣德、左右掖、東華、拱宸門及已至所幸處，即自有門禁，不用牙門旗約束。 凡車駕已在道，前牙門旗雖行，後牙門旗未行，除止絕閑雜行人外，其隨駕臣僚官司人等，並依常例，次第赴合隨從及行馬去處。 凡前牙門旗在清道馬後約十步已來，後牙門旗在駕後殿前指揮使之後。 凡街巷寬闊處，儀衛並依新圖排列。 如遇窄狹街巷，禁衛止用親從官二重，禦龍直二重，雉扇隨輦。 其殿前指揮使、天武官，並權分於駕前後隨行。 後至寬闊處，乘輿徐行，儀仗依舊排列。 或駕幸園苑、宮觀、寺院並臣僚宅，即清道馬、儀仗、殿前指揮使、天武官更不入，惟於外排立。 其隨駕臣僚及諸司人，自依常例隨從，候駕行，依次排列。 或臣僚宅在巷內，前去不通人行處，其儀仗、殿前指揮使等，各於巷口排立，止絕行人，餘並如故。 時詳定閱習既畢，或言新製嚴密，慮違犯者眾，因不果行。
Wherever the imperial procession passed, buildings could not hang curtains to block the view; commoners were forbidden to look down from heights and had to watch from the sides of the street only, without shouting or running along the road. (This restriction did not apply before the front gate flags or after the rear gate flags.) Before the imperial procession left the Imperial City, or once it reached its destination, existing gate controls at the Xuande, Left and Right Flanking, Donghua, and Gongchen gates applied; gate flags were not needed. When the procession was underway, even if the front gate flags had moved but the rear had not, accompanying officials and bureau personnel still followed routine and proceeded in order to their assigned escort positions—only casual pedestrians were barred. The front gate flags marched roughly ten paces behind the road-clearing horses; the rear gate flags followed behind the Palatial Guard commanders at the rear of the procession. On wide streets and lanes, ceremonial guards were arranged according to the new diagram. In narrow streets, the inner guard was reduced to two layers of personal followers and two layers of Imperial Dragon Direct, with pheasant-tail fans accompanying the palanquin. Palatial Guard commanders and Heavenly Martial officers were temporarily split to escort before and after the carriage. Once they reached open ground again, the palanquin slowed and the full ceremonial array was restored. When visiting gardens, palaces, temples, monasteries, or officials' residences, road-clearing horses, ceremonial regalia, Palatial Guard commanders, and Heavenly Martial officers did not enter but were posted outside only. Accompanying officials and bureau personnel followed routine, waiting for the carriage to move before falling into order. If an official's residence lay down an impassable alley, ceremonial guards and Palatial Guard commanders were posted at the alley mouth to bar pedestrians; everything else followed the usual practice. After the detailed review and rehearsal was completed, some argued the new regulations were too strict and would provoke widespread violations, so the plan was not adopted.
11
嘉祐六年，先是，幸睦親宅，抱駕頭內臣墜馬，壞駕頭。 太常禮院、閣門及整肅禁衛所請自今車駕出，以閣門祗候並內臣各二員，分駕頭左右扇筤後編攔，仍以皇城司親從官二十人隨之。
In Jiayou 6, during an earlier visit to the Residence of Amicable Kinship, an inner attendant supporting the carriage head fell from his horse and broke it. The Court of Imperial Sacrifices, the Gate, and the Office for Regulating the Inner Guard requested that henceforth when the imperial carriage departed, two Gate Attendants and two inner attendants be posted behind the left and right fan racks of the carriage head to flank and block, accompanied by twenty Imperial City personal followers.
12
哲宗紹聖二年，詔：車駕行幸儀衛，駕後東西班殿侍馬兩隊，撥充駕前編攔，分兩壁行於前引行門之前，隨身器械，各別給銀骨朵一。 駕後馬隊、殿前指揮使馬，以百人分四隊。 不足，據人數均差，仍別差人員六人。 內殿直、散員、散指揮、散都頭、散祗候，並增作一百四人，分四隊，內人員各四人。 金槍班添一隊，作七十八人，內人員三人。 弩手班添兩隊，充填撥過東西班殿侍馬兩隊。 禁衛禦龍直、弓箭直、弩直、長行，仍各添給銀骨朵。 禁衛外，添差編攔天武人員、長行共二百人，揀選有行止舊人充，出入止於宣德門外，至行在所，即止於行宮門外。
In Shaosheng 2 under Emperor Zhezong, an edict ordered that the two rear escort companies of east and west Palace Attendants be reassigned as front blocking escorts, marching in two flanks before the forward gate guides, each man issued a silver geku. The rear horse escort and Palatial Guard cavalry—one hundred men divided into four companies. If numbers fell short, men were assigned evenly; six officers were additionally detailed. Inner Palace Direct, scattered members, scattered commanders, scattered company heads, and scattered attendants were increased to 104 men in four companies, four officers each. The golden spear company gained one additional squad—78 men with three officers. Two crossbowmen squads were added to fill the gap left by the reassigned east and west Palace Attendant companies. Within the inner guard, Imperial Dragon Direct, bow Direct, crossbow Direct, and rank-and-file each received silver geku as well. Beyond the inner guard, 200 blocking Heavenly Martial officers and rank-and-file were assigned from experienced men of good conduct; they operated from outside the Xuande Gate to the traveling palace gate.
13
南渡後，乘輿出入，初未有儀。 高宗將迎韋太后於郊，因製常行儀仗，用黃麾仗二千二百六十五人。 孝宗朝德壽宮，減一千人，用殿前司六百二十九人，皇城在內巡檢司三百九十一人，崇政殿四百四十九人，凡一千四百六十九人。 四孟詣景靈宮，用殿前司八百七十五人，皇城在內巡檢司五百二十八人，崇政殿五百二十一人，凡一千九百二十四人。 九年正月，詔：駕出禦後殿坐，宰執、百官、儀衛等赴後殿，起居殿上； 登輦，出後殿門，駕回，入祥曦殿門。
After the southward crossing, the imperial palanquin initially had no fixed ceremonial protocol. When Emperor Gaozong prepared to welcome Empress Dowager Wei at the suburbs, he established routine traveling ceremonial regalia using 2,265 men of the yellow-command guard. At Deshou Palace under Emperor Xiaozong, the escort was reduced by 1,000: 629 from the Palatial Guard, 391 from the Imperial City Inner Inspection Command, and 449 from Chongzheng Hall—1,469 in all. For the four seasonal visits to Jingling Palace, the escort numbered 1,924: 875 from the Palatial Guard, 528 from the Imperial City Inner Inspection Command, and 521 from Chongzheng Hall. In the first month of year 9, an edict ordered: when the emperor departed, he first took his seat in the Rear Hall; chief counselors, officials, and ceremonial guards went to the Rear Hall and performed obeisance in the upper hall; The emperor mounted the palanquin and left through the Rear Hall gate; on return, the procession entered through the Xiangxi Hall gate.
14
太上皇儀衛。 隆興元年，孝宗嗣位，詔有司討論德壽宮輿輦儀衛。 先是，紹興三十二年六月，詔：“上皇日常朝殿，差禦龍直四十三人，執仗排立，並設傘扇，鳴鞭。 宰執退朝，仍赴德壽宮起居。 如遇行幸，令禁衛所隨以祗應。 ”兩奉上皇旨，卻而不受，故復有是詔。 尋有司上言：“漢之未央，唐之興慶，其車輦儀衛不載。 今父堯子舜，事親典禮，凡往古來今所未備者，當以義起，極其尊崇，為萬世法。 ”遂定宰執、百官詣德壽宮起居，則禁衛所依後殿坐儀排列，禁衛二百九十七人祗應。 行幸，則禁衛所差行門、禁衛諸班直、天武親從官及傘扇、鳴鞭、燭罩等合五百人，隨行扈從。 前引七十人：內行宮殿前崇政殿親從一十人，都下親從二十人，快行親從二十人，殿前指揮使二十人。 中道六十人：編排禁衛行子一十人，執從物禦龍直三十人，執傘扇天武一十人，崇政殿親從攔前一十人。 禁衛圍子四重四百人：第一，崇政殿親從一百人； 第二，禦龍直、骨朵直、弓箭直三十人，東西班七十人； 第三，執燭罩都下親從一百人； 第四，內殿直一十人，散員、散指揮、散都頭、散祗候、金鎗、銀鎗班各一十人，後從殿前指揮使二十人。
Ceremonial Guards for the Retired Emperor. In Longxing 1, when Emperor Xiaozong ascended the throne, the relevant offices were ordered to draft ceremonial protocols for the retired emperor's palanquin at Deshou Palace. Earlier, in the sixth month of Shaoxing 32, an edict stated: "For the Retired Emperor's daily audience, detail forty-three Imperial Dragon Direct to stand in ranks bearing weapons, with parasols and fans deployed and the ceremonial whip sounded. After leaving court, chief counselors still went to Deshou Palace to pay their respects. On imperial tours, the Inner Guard Office was to provide appropriate escort. The Retired Emperor declined twice, which led to this renewed edict. Soon officials memorialized: "Neither Han's Weiyang Palace nor Tang's Xingqing Palace recorded protocols for carriage and palanquin ceremonial guards. With a filial son like Shun honoring a sage father like Yao, rites not provided for in past or present should be established on principle, carried to the highest honor, and made a model for all time. It was decided that when chief counselors and officials paid respects at Deshou Palace, the Inner Guard Office would array them according to the Rear Hall seating protocol, with 297 inner guards in attendance. On imperial tours, the Inner Guard Office detailed 500 men—gate guides, various guard duty shifts, Heavenly Martial personal followers, plus parasols, fans, ceremonial whip, and candle shades—to escort the retired emperor. The forward escort numbered 70: ten Chongzheng Hall personal followers at the traveling palace forecourt, twenty capital personal followers, twenty fast-march personal followers, and twenty Palatial Guard commanders. The central route numbered 60: ten inner-guard route marshals, thirty Imperial Dragon Direct bearing attendant objects, ten Heavenly Martial with parasols and fans, and ten Chongzheng Hall personal followers posted in front. The inner-guard escort ring had four layers totaling 400: first, 100 Chongzheng Hall personal followers; Second, 30 Imperial Dragon Direct, geku Direct, and bow Direct, plus 70 east and west companies; Third, 100 capital personal followers bearing candle shades; Fourth, ten Inner Palace Direct; ten each from scattered members, commanders, company heads, attendants, golden spear, and silver spear companies; and twenty Palatial Guard commanders at the rear.
15
皇太后儀衛。 自乾興元年仁宗即位，章獻太后預政，侍衛始盛。 用禮儀院奏，製皇太后所乘輿，名之曰“大安輦”。 天聖元年，有司言：“皇太后車駕出，合設護衛：禦龍直都虞候一人，都頭二人，副都頭一人，十將、長行五十人十將已下； 骨朵子直都虞候一人，都頭二人，副都頭二人，十將、長行八十人； 弓箭直指揮使一人，都頭二人，副都頭二人，十將、長行五十人； 弩直指揮使一人，都頭二人，副都頭二人，十將、長行五十人。 殿前指揮使兩班：左班都虞候一人，都知一人，行門三人，長行二十人，帶器械； 右班指揮使一人，都知一人，行門三人，長行二十人，帶器械。 皇城司禁衛二百人，寬衣天武二百人，供禦輦官六十二人，寬衣天武百人。 餘諸司祗應、鳴鞭、侍衛，如乘輿之儀。 ”詔依。
Ceremonial Guards for the Empress Dowager. From Qianxing 1, when Emperor Renzong ascended the throne and Empress Dowager Zhangxian shared in governance, empress dowager escorts first reached full scale. On the Ceremonial Institute's recommendation, the empress dowager's palanquin was created and named the Grand Peace Palanquin. In Tiansheng 1, officials reported: "When the empress dowager's carriage departed, the following escort should be provided: one Imperial Dragon Direct chief commander, two company heads, one deputy company head, and fifty men including squad leaders and rank-and-file; one geku Direct chief commander, two company heads, two deputy company heads, and eighty squad leaders and rank-and-file; one bow Direct commander, two company heads, two deputy company heads, and fifty squad leaders and rank-and-file; and one crossbow Direct commander, two company heads, two deputy company heads, and fifty squad leaders and rank-and-file. Two Palatial Guard companies: the left company—one chief commander, one chief steward, three gate guides, twenty rank-and-file, all armed; the right company—one commander, one chief steward, three gate guides, twenty rank-and-file, all armed. 200 Imperial City inner guards, 200 broad-garment Heavenly Martial, 62 attendants for the imperial palanquin, and 100 broad-garment Heavenly Martial. Other bureau attendants, ceremonial whip, and escort guards followed the same protocol as for the imperial palanquin. The edict approved the proposal.
16
治平元年，詔皇太后出入唯不鳴鞭，他儀衛如章獻明肅故事。 四年，神宗嗣位，詔太皇太后儀範已定，皇太后合設儀衛：禦龍直、骨朵子直差都虞候、都頭、副都頭各一人，十將、長行各共三十人； 弓箭直、弩直差指揮使、都頭、副都頭各一人，十將、長行各共二十人。 皇城司親從官一百人，執骨朵寬衣天武官百五十人，充圍子行宮司人員共一百人，入內院子五十人，充圍子皇城司親事官八十人。 打燈籠、短鐙馬、攏馬親從官，金銅車、棕車隨車子祗應人，擎擔子供禦輦官，執擎從物等供禦、次供禦並下都輦直等，人數不定。 都知一員，禦藥院使臣二員，內東門司使臣二員，內酒坊、禦廚、法酒庫、儀鸞司、乳酪院、翰林司、翰林院、車子院、禦膳素廚、化成殿果子庫，並從。 遇出新城門，添差帶器械內臣。
In Zhiping 1, an edict held that the empress dowager's processions omitted only the ceremonial whip; all other guards followed Empress Dowager Zhangxian Mingsu's precedents. In year 4, when Emperor Shenzong succeeded, an edict noted that the grand empress dowager's protocol was already fixed and ordered ceremonial guards for the empress dowager: Imperial Dragon Direct and geku Direct each with one chief commander, one company head, one deputy company head, and 30 squad leaders and rank-and-file; bow Direct and crossbow Direct each with one commander, one company head, one deputy company head, and 20 squad leaders and rank-and-file. 100 Imperial City personal followers, 150 broad-garment Heavenly Martial officers with geku, 100 Traveling Palace Command officers in the escort ring, 50 Inner Palace Courtyard personnel, and 80 Imperial City attendants in the escort ring. Lantern bearers, short-stirrup horses, horse-gathering personal followers, attendants for golden-bronze and palm-fiber carts, pole-bearing palanquin attendants, attendants for attendant objects including primary and secondary attendants and Capital Palanquin Direct—the numbers were unfixed. One chief steward, two Imperial Pharmacy envoys, two Inner East Gate envoys, and the Inner Wine Workshop, Imperial Kitchen, Legal Wine Storehouse, Ceremonial Parasol Office, Dairy Office, Hanlin Secretariat, Hanlin Academy, Cart Office, Imperial Vegetarian Kitchen, and Huacheng Hall Fruit Storehouse—all accompanied the procession. When leaving through the New City Gate, armed inner attendants were additionally assigned.
17
仁、英、哲之世，太后臨朝垂簾，儀從亦不崇侈，止曰儀衛，無鹵薄名也。 南渡後尤簡，其車以輿不以輦，餘惟傘、扇而已。 紹興奉迎太母，極意備禮，然猶曰太后天性樸素，不敢過飾儀從。 器物惟塗金，輿前用黃羅傘扇二，緋黃繡雉扇六，紅黃緋金拂扇二，黃羅暖扇二。 朝謁景靈宮、太廟，則用禁衛諸班直、天武親從五百人。 其前引、中道、圍子，同上皇儀衛而差省焉。
Under Emperors Ren, Ying, and Zhe, when empress dowagers presided from behind the curtain, their escorts were kept modest—called ceremonial guards only, never granted the title of full imperial procession regalia. After the southward crossing, escorts were simplified further: empress dowagers rode in palanquin carriages rather than imperial palanquins, with nothing beyond parasols and fans. During Shaoxing's welcome of the Grand Empress Dowager, every effort was made to observe full protocol, yet officials noted her plain nature and dared not over-adorn her escort. Regalia was gold-plated only; before the palanquin were two yellow-silk parasol-fans, six scarlet-yellow embroidered pheasant-tail fans, two red-yellow scarlet gold whisk fans, and two yellow-silk warming fans. For audiences at Jingling Palace and the Imperial Ancestral Temple, 500 men from various inner-guard duty shifts and Heavenly Martial personal followers were deployed. The forward escort, central route, and escort ring followed the retired emperor's protocol but in reduced numbers.
18
二年，臣僚又言：“元符皇后，元符末嚐預定策之勳，以承神宗、哲宗之誌。 ”禮部太常寺奏：“典禮，準聖瑞皇太妃例，侍從官入內內侍省都知或押班一員，皇城、禦藥、內東門司官各一員，禦輦院輪官隨從，諸司禦燎子、茶床、帶禦器械內侍十人，引喝內侍一人。 輿用龍鳳，傘紅黃兼用。 出入由宣德東門，今欲出入由宣德正門。 龍鳳扇二十柄，今添作三十柄。 輦官供禦六十二人，次供禦四十九人，都下五十八人。 禦龍直三十三人，今添作四十五人。 禦龍骨朵子直三十三人，今添作五十人。 禦龍弓箭直三十三人，今添作四十五人。 禦龍弩直二十三人，今添作四十五人。 殿前指揮三十二人，今添作四十五人。 內臣二人。 皇城司一百人禁衛，今添作一百二十人。 天武官一百五十四人，行宮司一百人，入內院子五十人。 快行親從官四人，今添作八人。 執燭、皇城司親從官、金銅車並棕車，逐時內中批出合要數供須。 行幸藥架一坐，勾當官一員，吏人二員，封題一員，藥童三人，抬檠藥架輦官十一人，秤、庫子親事官，量差人數祗應。 ”從之。
In year 2, officials again memorialized: "Empress Yuanfu, at the end of the Yuanfu era, had shared in settling the succession and carried forward the intentions of Emperors Shenzong and Zhezong. The Ministry of Rites and Court of Imperial Sacrifices replied: "Following the precedent of Sacred Auspice Imperial Consort, escort officials should include one chief steward or ushership leader of the Inner Service, one official each from the Imperial City, Imperial Pharmacy, and Inner East Gate Commands, a rotating official from the Imperial Palanquin Office, ten inner attendants with imperial braziers, tea tables, and weapons, and one herald. The palanquin bore dragon-and-phoenix decoration; parasols were red and yellow. Entry and exit had been through the Xuande East Gate; now the request was to use the Xuande main gate. Dragon-and-phoenix fans were increased from twenty to thirty. Palanquin attendants: 62 primary attendants, 49 secondary attendants, and 58 capital attendants. Imperial Dragon Direct was increased from 33 to 45. Imperial Dragon geku Direct was increased from 33 to 50. Imperial Dragon bow Direct was increased from 33 to 45. Imperial Dragon crossbow Direct was increased from 23 to 45. Palatial Guard command was increased from 32 to 45. Two inner attendants were assigned. Imperial City inner guards were increased from 100 to 120. 154 Heavenly Martial officers, 100 Traveling Palace Command personnel, and 50 Inner Palace Courtyard personnel. Fast-march personal followers were increased from 4 to 8. Candle bearers, Imperial City personal followers, and golden-bronze and palm-fiber carts were supplied in whatever numbers the palace approved at the time. One traveling medicine stand with one supervising official, two clerks, one seal-and-label official, three medicine boys, eleven palanquin attendants to carry the stand, plus scale and storehouse attendants in numbers as needed. The proposal was approved.
19
皇后儀衛，惟東都《政和禮》有鹵簿，他無鹵簿之名，惟曰儀衛而已。 中興後，皇太后既尚簡素，後尤簡焉。 出入朝謁宮廟，用應奉禦輦官一員，人吏三人。 供應六十三人：內人員十五人，頭帽、紫羅四衤癸單衫、金塗銀柘枝腰帶； 肩擎輦官四十八人，襆頭、緋羅單衫、金塗海捷腰帶、紫羅表夾三襜、緋羅看帶。 次供應十四人：內人員一人，服同上，惟海捷帶； 輦官一十三人，服同肩擎官，惟行獅帶。 都下五十四人：內人員一人，帽服同前； 輦官五十三人，服同上，輦宮惟云鶴帶。
For the empress, only the Eastern Capital's 《Ceremonial Standards of the Zhenghe Era》 recorded full imperial procession regalia; elsewhere the title was never used—only ceremonial guards. After the Restoration, with the empress dowager already favoring simplicity, the empress's escort was simplified still further. For audiences at palaces and temples, one Palace Service imperial palanquin attendant and three clerks sufficed. Primary attendants numbered 63: 15 officers wearing head caps, purple silk cross-collared tunics, and gold-plated silver branch belts; 48 shoulder-bearing palanquin attendants in black caps, scarlet silk tunics, gold-plated sea-quick belts, purple silk outer lined triple-apron coats, and scarlet viewing sashes. Secondary attendants numbered 14: one officer in the same dress as above but with a sea-quick belt; 13 palanquin attendants in the same dress as shoulder-bearers but with lion-pattern belts. Capital attendants numbered 54: one officer in the same cap and dress as above; 53 palanquin attendants in the same dress, with cloud-crane belts only.