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Volume 146 Treatises 99: Ceremonial Guards 4

Chapter 146 of 宋史 · History of Song
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Chapter 146
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1
簿
Ceremonial Guards 4 — the Zhenghe grand imperial escort, with Xuanhe-era additions and reductions for the minor escort appended.
2
簿 簿
The Zhenghe grand imperial escort. Six elephants, arrayed to the left and right. Next came the six leading contingents: the Prefect of Kaifeng, the Governor of Kaifeng, the Grand Director of Music, the Junior Mentor, the Censor-in-Chief, and the Minister of War. (Each contingent employed the escort appropriate to its rank.) Next came the Jinwu banners and spears. Six black banners to the left and six to the right, (one bearer and one supporter each, with four pole handlers.) four escort officers, (all mounted.) eight ceremonial spears, (one bearer each.) four Senior Generals and four Generals from the guard each, and two Grand Generals from the guard, (all mounted.) four ceremonial spears flanking the Grand Generals. (one bearer each, two flankers each, all mounted.) Under the statutory escort, there were two fewer ceremonial spears and two fewer Senior Generals and Generals from the guard each.
3
使使
Next came the Vermilion Bird banner company. (all mounted.) A Breaker of Ranks colonel of the Jinwu Guard led the company, with two ceremonial spears flanking him; (one flag bearer; two leaders and two flankers each. The numbers of leaders, flankers, and bearers within the honor guard all followed this standard.) four crossbows, sixteen bows with arrows, twenty spears, and two Fruitful and Resolute colonels of the Left and Right Jinwu Guards bringing up the rear. Under the statutory escort, there were two fewer crossbows, six fewer bows with arrows, and eight fewer spears. In the Xuanhe period, the company leader was changed to the Celestial Martial colonel-commander and the rear guard to the Celestial Martial commander.
4
竿
Next came the Dragon banner company. One Grand General served as inspector, mounted; twelve guidon bearers, (all mounted.) one banner each for the Wind Lord, Rain Master, Thunder Duke, and Lightning Mother; five Five-Star banners; two Left and Right Saddled Ladle banners; one Northern Dipper banner; twelve guard banners; and two secondary poles. (all bearers mounted.) Under the statutory escort, there were four fewer guidon bearers and four fewer guard banners each. In the Xuanhe period, the inspector was changed to Left and Right Guard Grand Generals, and the characters for "duke" and "mother" were removed from the Thunder Duke and Lightning Mother banners.
5
Next came one south-pointing chariot and one clepsydra drum chariot, each with four draft horses and thirty drivers; and one White Egret chariot, one Simurgh banner chariot, one Exalted Virtue chariot, and one leather-canopy chariot, each with eighteen drivers. Under the statutory escort, there were no White Egret or Exalted Virtue chariots. In the Xuanhe period, six chariots were added—the Azure Pennant, Azure Sparrow, Singing Kite, Flying Wild Goose, Tiger Skin, and Pixiu chariots—placed below the clepsydra drum chariot and before the Exalted Virtue chariot; three chariots were removed—the White Egret, Simurgh banner, and leather-canopy chariots—with the number of drivers unchanged.
6
使
Next came the Jinwu escort leading the procession, all mounted; two Fruitful and Resolute colonels from the guard, with two fewer ceremonial swords, crossbows, bows with arrows, and spears each. In the Xuanhe period, the colonels were changed to Divine Valor colonel-commanders.
7
使
Next came the front percussion ensemble of the Great Splendor Bureau. two Directors, four bureau clerks, one supervising colonel-commander, and twelve hand drums and twelve metal gongs each, (led by eight commanding officers.) one hundred and twenty great drums, (led by twenty commanding officers.) one hundred and twenty long trumpets, (led by six commanding officers.) twelve nao drums, (led by four commanding officers.) twenty-four singers, twenty-four Arched Canopy pipes, twenty-four vertical flutes, and twenty-four horns each; one hundred and twenty large horizontal pipes, (led by ten commanding officers.) two beat drums; twenty-four flutes, vertical flutes, bili pipes, horns, and peach-skin bili pipes each; twelve hand drums and twelve metal gongs each, (led by four commanding officers.) one hundred and twenty small drums and one hundred and twenty mid trumpets each, (led by eight commanding officers.) twelve feathered canopy drums, (led by four commanding officers.) twenty-four singers, twenty-four Arched Canopy pipes, twenty-four vertical flutes, and twenty-four horns each. Under the statutory escort, there were four fewer hand drums and metal gongs fore and aft; forty fewer great drums; forty fewer long trumpets; four fewer nao drums; eight fewer vertical flutes and horns after the Arched Canopy pipes; forty fewer large horizontal pipes; eight fewer flutes, vertical flutes, bili pipes, horns, and peach-skin bili pipes after the beat drums; forty fewer small drums and mid trumpets each; four fewer feathered canopy drums; eight fewer vertical flutes and horns at the end; and eighteen fewer commanding officers in all.
8
輿 輿 輿 輿 輿 輿 輿 輿 輿 輿 輿 輿 輿使輿輿
Next came the Directorate of Astronomy wind-vane and traveling clepsydra carriages and the like. the Director of Astronomy and one clerk each, (all mounted.) one wind-vane bird carriage. (four carriage attendants.) one interlaced-dragon gong and one drum each, (six carriage attendants each.) one timekeeper and one master of ceremonies each, (all mounted.) four clepsydra students; one drum tower carriage, one bell tower carriage, and one traveling clepsydra carriage each, (one hundred carriage attendants each.) one Chief Astronomer, two path-clearers, and one Twelve Spirits carriage. (fourteen carriage attendants.) Under the statutory escort, there was one traveling clepsydra carriage, (with forty fewer carriage attendants.) one Spirits carriage, (with two more carriage attendants than in the grand escort.) In the Xuanhe period, the drum and bell towers were both changed to carriages; before the Chief Astronomer stood two vice commanders of the Sun-Upholders and ten Sun-Upholder rankers, and ten carriage attendants were added to the Spirits carriage.
9
使使
Next came the front company bearing ceremonial halberds. Two Fruitful and Resolute colonels of the Left and Right Martial Guards led the company, with two Captains of the Left and Right Martial Guards. one crimson guidon banner, (two pole handlers.) twelve golden regalia-staffs to the left and right, (all bearers mounted.) one rare-game banner and one net banner each; one Vermilion Bird pennant with forks and canopy guide; one Azure Dragon pennant and one White Tiger pennant; and three forks. (all bearers mounted.) one herald chief; two hundred eighty-eight ceremonial halberds; two Generals of the Left and Right Martial Guards serving as inspectors; and four Captains of the Left and Right Martial Guards bringing up the rear. Under the statutory escort, there were four fewer golden regalia-staffs and seventy-two fewer ceremonial halberds. In the Xuanhe period, the company leader was changed to the Valiant Cavalry colonel-commander, Martial Guard captains to Valiant Cavalry army commissioners, one fork added after the Vermilion Bird banner, three forks removed after the dragon and tiger banners, and inspectors changed to Left and Right Valiant Cavalry generals.
10
殿
Next came one yellow command-banner. (one bearer, mounted; two pole handlers.) Under the statutory escort, two Palace Attendant censors were placed before it. Next came the Six Armies honor guard. The Left and Right Divine Martial Army, Left and Right Forest of Feathers Army, and Left and Right Dragon Martial Army each had two commanders and two company chiefs (the Forest of Feathers Army also had two rankers.) to guard the procession, with one home-army banner each, twenty joint barrier banners each, five clerk-soldier and strongman banners each, and two trailing heavenly horse banners, (the Forest of Feathers Army had red leopard and yellow bear banners; the Dragon Martial Army had dragon lord and tiger lord banners, one each.) fifty white-shaft spears, ten Geshu clubs, and eight stirrup-arms. Under the statutory escort, the Divine Martial Army reduced barrier banners by ten, the Forest of Feathers and Dragon Martial armies each by four, and clerk-soldier and strongman banners each by one. In the Xuanhe period, commanders were changed to army commissioners, the Divine Martial banner to bear-tiger, barrier banners to level ranks, Geshu clubs to ge-halberds, stirrup-arms to spear-halberds, the Forest of Feathers company had no rankers, the yellow bear banner to yellow bear, and the Dragon Martial banner to bear-tiger.
11
Next came the procession-guiding banners. two Heavenly King banners, two Direct Honored Officials to guard the banners, and one banner each for the twelve Earthly Branches. Under the statutory escort, the arrangement was the same. Next came the dragon courtyard banners. one All Under Heaven at Peace banner, with two array marshals flanking it; one five-direction dragon banner each; one golden luan and one golden phoenix banner each; two lion banners; one Myriad Years to the Monarch banner; and one sun banner and one moon banner. Under the statutory escort, the luan, phoenix, and lion banners were removed. Next came twenty-four imperial horses. Two Celestial Martial men per controlled horse and two imperial horse attendants, arranged in twelve tiers. Under the statutory escort, eight were removed, leaving eight tiers. In the Xuanhe period, imperial horse attendants were renamed horse trainers. Next came the central avenue company. One Grand General served as inspector. Under the statutory escort, the arrangement was the same. In the Xuanhe period, the Grand General was changed to Left and Right Valiant Guard Grand Generals. Next came one Sun-Moon Combined Disc banner, two juren-script banners, one Five Stars in Chain banner, two auspicious cloud banners, and two longevity pennants. In the Xuanhe period, juren-script was changed to celebration cloud, and auspicious cloud to auspicious light.
12
使
Next came the Jinwu fine guard. one Azure Dragon banner and one White Tiger banner; five each of Five Mountains spirit banners, five-direction spirit banners, five-direction dragon banners, and five-direction phoenix banners. (for the above, one bearer each and three pole handlers each.) Under the statutory escort, the five-direction dragon and phoenix banners were each reduced by two. In the Xuanhe period, captains were changed to envoy-officials, and the character for "spirit" was removed from the Five Mountains spirit banner.
13
輿 輿
Next came the Eight Treasures. On the left stood the Nation-Securing Sacred Treasure, the Emperor's Treasure, the Emperor's Travel Treasure, and the Emperor's Trust Treasure; on the right stood the Mandate Treasure, the Son of Heaven's Treasure, the Son of Heaven's Travel Treasure, and the Son of Heaven's Trust Treasure — four tiers in all. eight incense tables, each arranged in two columns before the treasure carriages. twenty-four azure damask attendants, with Seal-Treasure clerks walking among them. Under the statutory escort, there were eight fewer azure damask attendants. In the Xuanhe period, two treasure-leading stewards, six incense-table stewards, and one hundred close attendants for escort outcry were added. For each treasure there were twenty-eight treasure-carriage officials: one ranker, twelve treasure bearers, four each to carry incense tables, walking horses, and candle lanterns, three to hold mats and oil-cloaks, nine incense tables and treasure carriages each, thirty-six candle lanterns, and the number of azure damask attendants as before.
14
Next came two square umbrellas with four large pheasant-tail fans flanking them. (one bearer each for umbrella and fan; below, this standard applies.) Under the statutory escort, the arrangement was the same. Next came six Jinwu four-color officers and two procession guards. Under the statutory escort, the procession guards were removed. Next came two golden armor bearers. In the Xuanhe period, they were changed to bronze armor. Next came four horse-presenting officials from the Court of the Imperial Stud. (all mounted.) Next came one Senior General of the Thousand-Ox Guard to lead the procession, eight thousand-ox men, and two gentlemen-of-the-middle, (all riding ornamented horses.) two thousand-ox men. (all mounted.) In the Xuanhe period, the procession leader was changed to the Thousand-Ox Guard Grand General, and the gentlemen-of-the-middle to Sun-Upholder chief adjutants. Next came two chief stewards. (all mounted.) In the Xuanhe period, there were none.
15
使 輿 輿 輿 輿 輿 輿 輿 輿
Next came four Jinwu procession-leading officers. (all mounted.) Next came the procession-guiding officials. (for councilors and above, six followers each; for attendant draftsmen, remonstrators, and defense commissioners and above, five each; for investigating censors, prefects, and guard generals and above, four each.) Next came umbrellas, fans, and palanquins. two great umbrellas, four medium pheasant-tail fans flanking, one waist palanquin, four small pheasant-tail fans flanking, one attendant commissioner, two generals, captains, adjutants, and rankers, and sixteen long runners. two arranging officials, twelve medium pheasant-tail fans, and two flowered canopies, (two bearers each.) one incense lantern. (eight bearers to lift and hold.) one small palanquin, (attendant commissioner; personnel of the Free Roaming and Level Palanquin carriages; twenty-four long runners.) one Free Roaming palanquin, (attendant commissioner; nine generals, captains, adjutants, and rankers in all; twenty-six long runners.) one Level Palanquin. (seven attendant commissioners; the rest as above.) Under the statutory escort, there were four fewer medium pheasant-tail fans after the arranging officials. In the Xuanhe period, four small pheasant-tail fans and one waist palanquin were removed, (with two supervising commissioners added, four chief generals, and two arranging officials jointly supervising the small palanquin.) one small palanquin, (twenty-four palanquin bearers and nine chief generals.) the Free Roaming palanquin was changed to the Free Roaming carriage, (sixteen carriage bearers.) one Level Palanquin, (carriage bearers as above; behind them were two mounted Imperial Palanquin Attendants.) before the small palanquin there was also one great chariot. (six draft horses; the Court of the Imperial Stud director drove; one hundred twenty drivers.)
16
殿 殿 殿 殿 殿殿殿
Next came the fifth eastern company before the imperial carriage. one path-opening banner and twelve black banners. sixty-two procession leaders and three hundred Honored Reception musicians. (the procession leaders performed music together.) five-colored dragon banners, forty gate banners, and sixty Imperial Dragon Direct guards on foot bearing gate banners. twelve men below the Celestial Martial carriage head, eleven attendants of the Tea and Wine Company bearing follow-items, six Imperial Dragon Direct sword guards, and eight Celestial Martial gate keepers. one elk banner, ten Hall Attendants beating whips, eight dragon banners clustering around the carriage, four sun, moon, unicorn, and phoenix banners, and one azure, white, crimson, and black dragon banner each. forty Imperial Dragon Direct guards, two path-treading horses, two Grand Generals flanking the chariot, two chariot-advance stewards, two company supervisors, and two horse-training officers. Under the statutory escort, the arrangement was the same. In the Xuanhe period, there were no Honored Reception musicians; within the path-opening banner company one supervising squad leader and two hall attendants were added. twelve black banners, (borne by twelve hall attendants.) two procession-leading commissioners and sixty long runners. five-colored auspicious-character banners, three hall attendants, and ten supervisors. gate banners: two hall attendants, forty supervisors, eight forks, sixty gate banners, twelve Imperial Dragon Direct guards, twelve mace Direct guards, eighteen Imperial Dragon bow Direct guards and eighteen crossbow Direct guards each, six Imperial Dragon Direct sword guards, two hall attendants bearing the elk banner, two dragon-banner commissioners, one chief steward and one vice chief steward each, sixteen hall attendants bearing maces, and the Inner Grand General was changed to the Thousand-Ox Guard Grand General, (walking in court dress behind the procession.) two generals, (riding in court dress as companions.) four palanquin stewards.
17
The emperor rode the jade chariot, drawn by six blue horses, with one hundred twenty-eight drivers, eight carriage supporters, one hundred thirty-four mace Direct guards, thirty-five gate guards divided to left and right, and two companion generals. Under the statutory escort, the arrangement was the same. In the Xuanhe period, the drivers were increased to two hundred thirty-four.
18
Next came the Inner Quarters company. Imperial Dragon Direct guards, left-wing mace Direct guards and right-wing bow Direct guards, crossbow Direct guards, and the four Imperial Dragon Direct companies were all arranged in five tiers according to the numbers under each rotating company. three hundred ten Celestial Martial mace and great-sword men. Next came the fifth eastern company behind the carriage. one great yellow dragon banner and thirty-one Honored Reception musicians. twenty Celestial Martial men below the fan canopy, thirty-one Tea and Wine Company attendants clustering around the carriage, and thirty-three Arrow-Summoning Company men. Under the statutory escort, the arrangement was the same. In the Xuanhe period, only the yellow dragon banner was used; the rest were all removed.
19
殿
Next came one secondary jade chariot, drawn by six blue horses with forty drivers. Under the statutory escort, there was none. In the Xuanhe period, there were one hundred drivers, including two commissioners within. Next came one great palanquin with four palanquin stewards, twelve attendant commissioners, ten generals, captains, adjutants, and rankers in all, and three hundred fifty-five long runners. two Imperial Palanquin Attendants of the Palace Provision Office, two Palace Attendant vice directors and tribute officials, four clerks, and four document clerks. Under the statutory escort, the arrangement was the same. In the Xuanhe period, palanquin bearers were increased to ninety. Next came twenty-four imperial horses from the Court of the Imperial Stud, arranged in twelve tiers. Under the statutory escort, eight were removed, leaving eight tiers. In the Xuanhe period, there was no Court of the Imperial Stud.
20
使 使
Next came the rear company bearing ceremonial halberds. two Brigade Commanders of the Left and Right Martial Guards. Under the statutory escort, the arrangement was the same. In the Xuanhe period, they were changed to Divine Valor colonel-commanders. Next came two heavy wheel banners, two great umbrellas, four large pheasant-tail fans, twelve small pheasant-tail fans and twelve vermilion round fans each, two flowered canopies, two forks, twelve battlements, six imperial swords, one True Martial pennant, two crimson command pennants, one fork, and twelve fine spears. Under the statutory escort, the small pheasant-tail fans, vermilion round fans, battlements, and spears were each reduced by four, with one fewer flowered canopy and two fewer imperial swords. In the Xuanhe period, the True Martial pennant was changed to Dark Martial. Next came two Fruitful and Resolute colonels of the Left and Right Jinwu Guard, (all mounted.) commanding one hundred twenty great horns in all. Under the statutory escort, forty were removed. In the Xuanhe period, the colonels were changed to Valiant Cavalry colonel-commanders.
21
使
Next came the rear percussion ensemble of the Great Splendor Bureau. two vice directors, four clerks of ceremonies, one supervising colonel-commander, and twelve feathered canopy drums, (led by four commanding officers.) twenty-four singers, twenty-four Arched Canopy pipes, twenty-four vertical flutes, and twenty-four horns each, (led by two commanding officers.) twelve nao drums, (led by four commanding officers.) twenty-four singers, twenty-four vertical flutes, and twenty-four horns each; one hundred twenty small horizontal pipes, (led by eight commanding officers.) twenty-four flutes, vertical flutes, bili pipes, horns, and peach-skin bili pipes each. Under the statutory escort, there were four fewer feathered canopy drums, eight fewer vertical flutes, horns, flutes, bili pipes, and peach-skin bili pipes each, four fewer nao drums, and forty fewer small horizontal pipes. (commanding officers were also reduced by two.) In the Xuanhe period, commanding officers were changed to the four company chiefs of Celestial Martial, Divine Valor, Martial Display, and Tiger Wing.
22
殿
Next came one yellow command pennant, (the numbers of bearers and pole handlers were the same as in the front section, and likewise for the statutory escort; two Palace Attendant censors were placed before the yellow command pennant.) one Fragrant Pavilion palanquin, (sixty palanquin bearers.) one Phoenix palanquin, (fifty palanquin bearers.) Under the statutory escort, the Phoenix palanquin was removed. In the Xuanhe period, the Fragrant Pavilion had sixty-two palanquin bearers.
23
殿
Next came the gold, elephant, leather, and wood chariots, each with a secondary chariot. For the gold chariot, two crimson path-treading horses; the primary and secondary chariots were each drawn by six crimson horses with sixty drivers. For the remaining chariots, primary and secondary had the same number of horses but different colors: the elephant chariot used reddish white, the leather chariot bay, the wood chariot black, with forty drivers each. Under the statutory escort, there were no secondary chariots. In the Xuanhe period, the horse colors also differed: gold used bay, elephant crimson, leather reddish white, and wood crow-black; there were five hundred fifty drivers, one hundred secondary drivers, and two supervising commissioners each. one Plough-Root chariot, drawn by six blue horses with forty drivers. Under the statutory escort, the arrangement was the same. In the Xuanhe period, there was none. one Advance-the-Worthy chariot with twenty-four drivers; one Bright-Distance chariot with forty drivers. Under the statutory escort, there were none. In the Xuanhe period, four draft horses were added to each. Next came twelve follow-chariots, each drawn by three oxen with ten drivers. Under the statutory escort, four chariots were removed. In the Xuanhe period, two yamen officers and one supervising ranker were added. Next came two officials each from the bureaus of the Gate, Secretariat, Palace Secretariat, and Palace Service. Under the statutory escort, the arrangement was the same. Next came one yellow battle-axe chariot and one leopard-tail chariot, each drawn by two crimson horses with fifteen drivers. Under the statutory escort, the arrangement was the same except for the Advance-the-Worthy and Bright-Distance chariots. In the Xuanhe period, there was one Celestial Martial vice company chief for the yellow battle-axe and one Divine Valor vice company chief.
24
使 使
Next came the rear-covering company. Two Breaker of Ranks colonels of the Left and Right Martial Display Guard led the company, with fifty great halberds, sword-shields, bows with arrows, and spears each. Under the statutory escort, there were sixteen fewer of each. In the Xuanhe period, the rear guard was changed to two Martial Display colonel-commanders. Next came the True Martial company. One Breaker of Ranks colonel of the Jinwu Guard, two ceremonial spears, one Immortal Boy banner, one True Martial banner, one Soaring Serpent banner and one Divine Tortoise banner, twenty-five spears, twenty bows with arrows, and five crossbows. Under the statutory escort, there were six fewer spears, five fewer bows with arrows, and one fewer crossbow. In the Xuanhe period, it was changed to the Dark Martial company. True Martial was changed to Dark Martial, with Sacred Immortal Boy, tortoise, and serpent banners added, and the colonel changed to the Tiger Wing colonel-commander.
25
使
Outer guard of the Zhenghe grand imperial escort. Clear Procession company. Next came the outer guard of the sixth leading contingent: two White Ze banners, two Breaker of Ranks colonels of the Left and Right Jinwu Guard, eight crossbows, thirty-two bows with arrows, and forty spears. Under the statutory escort, at the outer guard of the third leading contingent, there were two fewer crossbows, eight fewer bows with arrows, and ten fewer spears. In the Xuanhe period, the colonels were changed to Sun-Upholder colonel-commanders. Sixteen horsemen each from the Left and Right Jinwu Guard, two commanding officers, eight crossbows, and twelve bows with arrows and twelve spears each. Under the statutory escort, the Jinwu horsemen and bows with arrows and spears were each reduced by four. In the Xuanhe period, the Jinwu Guard was changed to Celestial Martial company chiefs.
26
使使
Next came the Feiyi company. Two Fruitful and Resolute colonels of the Left and Right Jinwu Guard divided command, (all mounted.) forty-eight adjutant Feiyi, (all mounted.) twenty-four iron-armored Feiyi. (all armored cavalry.) Under the statutory escort, there were eighteen fewer in front and eight fewer behind. In the Xuanhe period, the Jinwu Guard was changed to the Arch-Sacred colonel-commander, and the colonels to colonel-commanders.
27
Next came the front ji-weapon company. Two Generals of the Left and Right Army Auspices Guard served as inspectors, (all mounted.) four ceremonial spears. The ji-forks were divided into five companies: the first had one hundred sixty men; the second had eighty men; the third had one hundred men; the fourth and fifth had eighty men each. Each company had four commanding officers from the Left and Right Army Auspices, Martial Display, Martial, Valiant Cavalry, and Guard. Under the statutory escort, the first ji-fork company was reduced by sixty, the second and third each by thirty, and the fourth and fifth each by twenty. In the Xuanhe period, inspectors were changed to Left and Right Guard generals, Army Auspices to Celestial Martial company chiefs, Martial Display to Divine Valor company chiefs, Martial to Martial Display company chiefs, and Valiant Cavalry to Tiger Wing company chiefs; the first ji-fork company was reduced by sixty, and the second through fifth companies were increased to one hundred each.
28
簿
Next came the rear ji-weapon company. The ji-forks were divided into five companies: the first and second had eighty men each; the third had one hundred men; the fourth had eighty men; the fifth had one hundred sixty men. The commanding officers were from the Left and Right Guard, Valiant Cavalry, Martial, Martial Display, and Army Auspices. In all, the front and rear ji-weapon companies connected in front to the Northern Dipper banner of the central avenue and ended at the rear of the imperial escort. Under the statutory escort, the first and second ji-fork companies were each reduced by twenty-four, the third and fourth each by thirty, and the fifth by sixty. In the Xuanhe period, each ji-fork company had one hundred men, with company chiefs of Celestial Martial, Divine Valor, Martial Display, Tiger Wing, and Broad Valor.
29
宿 宿 宿宿 宿宿 宿宿宿 宿宿宿 宿 使使
Next came the front horse companies. There were twelve in all, each led by two colonels. The first, led by the front Left and Right Jinwu Breaker of Ranks colonels, had four lodge banners for Horn, Neck, Dipper, and Ox, ten crossbows, twenty bows with arrows, and forty spears. The second had four lodge banners for Base, Chamber, Woman, and Void; the third had two lodge banners each for Heart and Rooftop; the fourth had two each for Tail and Encampment. The three companies above were each led by Fruitful and Resolute colonels of the Left and Right Army Auspices. The fifth had lodge banners for Winnowing Basket and Wall; the sixth had two each for Stride and Well; each was led by Breaker of Ranks colonels of the Left and Right Martial Display. The seventh had lodge banners for Bond and Ghost; the eighth had banners for Stomach and Willow; the ninth had two each for Hairy Head and Star; each was led by Fruitful and Resolute colonels of the Left and Right Martial. The tenth had lodge banners for Net and Extended Net; the eleventh had banners for Beak and Wings; the twelfth had two each for Three Stars and Chariot Axle; each was led by Breaker of Ranks colonels of the Left and Right Valiant Cavalry. The numbers of crossbows, bows with arrows, and spears were the same as in the first company. Under the statutory escort, the twenty-eight lodge banners were divided into ten companies; each company had four fewer crossbows, six fewer bows with arrows, and twenty fewer spears. In the Xuanhe period, the five colonel-commanders of Sun-Upholder, Arch-Sacred, Divine Valor, Valiant Guard, and Martial Display divided command of the upper ten companies, while the colonel-commanders of Tiger Wing and Broad Valor divided command of the lower two companies.
30
鹿 使
Next came the front foot-armor companies. There were twelve in all; two Generals of the Left and Right Army Auspices served as inspectors, all mounted. four ceremonial spears; each company had two colonels dividing command. The first and third were led by Breaker of Ranks colonels of the Left and Right Army Auspices, the fifth by the Left and Right Martial Display, the seventh by the Left and Right Martial, the ninth by the Left and Right Valiant Cavalry, and the eleventh by the Left and Right Guard; the second and fourth by Fruitful and Resolute colonels of the Left and Right Army Auspices, the sixth by the Left and Right Martial Display, the eighth by the Left and Right Martial, the tenth by the Left and Right Valiant Cavalry, and the twelfth by the Left and Right Guard. Within were two banners each for the osprey, pixiu, jade horse, triangular beast, yellow deer, flying unicorn, swift camel, luan, qilin, trained elephant, jade rabbit, and ward-off-evil, arranged in sequence behind the colonels. Each company had bows with arrows and sword-shields alternating, sixty men each, placed behind the banners. Under the statutory escort, there were only ten companies, and each company had twenty fewer bows with arrows. In the Xuanhe period, inspectors were changed to Left and Right Guard generals, the white halberds were removed, and division of command was changed to colonel-commanders: the first and second to Sun-Upholder, third and fourth to Celestial Martial, fifth and sixth to Arch-Sacred, seventh and eighth to Divine Valor, ninth to Valiant Cavalry, tenth to Martial Display, eleventh to Tiger Wing, and twelfth to Broad Valor.
31
殿 竿 竿
Next came the front yellow command guard. twenty crimson guidon banners, divided below into six sections: the first section, Left and Right Martial Display; the second section, Left and Right Army Auspices; the third section, Left and Right Martial Display; the fourth section, Left and Right Martial; the fifth section, Left and Right Valiant Cavalry; the sixth section, Left and Right Guard. Each section had two Palace Attendant censors, two Grand Generals of the home guard serving as inspectors, and two Breaker of Ranks colonels of the home guard dividing command. Each section also had twenty commanding officers. six tiers of dragon-head poles, twenty in each tier; three tiers of raised drums, two in each tier; one tier each of five-colored ceremonial bells, small halberds, and spears, twenty in each tier; two tiers of bows with arrows, twenty in each tier; two tiers of vermilion and green cord-wrapped shields with swords, twenty in each tier. Under the statutory escort, there were only five sections; crimson guidon banners, commanding officers, dragon-head poles, banners, halberds, bows with arrows, shields and swords, and spears were each reduced by six. In the Xuanhe period, there were six sections: Valiant Cavalry, Martial, Garrison, Army Auspices, Gate Watch, and Thousand-Ox — all with Left and Right Senior Generals; Celestial Martial, Divine Valor, Martial Display, Tiger Wing, and Broad Valor — all with colonel-commanders and company chiefs; each section had one Senior General or company chief.
32
使
Next came one Azure Dragon banner and one White Tiger banner, two Fruitful and Resolute colonels of the Left and Right Guard to guard the banners and lead seventy horsemen behind, eight crossbows, twenty-two bows with arrows, and forty spears. Under the statutory escort, there were thirty fewer rear horsemen, two fewer crossbows, eight fewer bows with arrows, and twenty fewer spears. In the Xuanhe period, the colonels were changed to Tiger Wing colonel-commanders.
33
使
Next came the court-sword and ceremonial-sword company. all mounted. Two Generals of the Left and Right Guard divided command, with twenty-four Gentlemen, four each from the Left and Right Close Guard and Meritorious Guard, and two hundred twenty court swords per guard; six Assist Guards of the Left and Right Guard leading four hundred eight ceremonial swords; two from the Left and Right Valiant Cavalry leading one hundred thirty-six ceremonial swords. Two each from the Left and Right Martial, Martial Display, Army Auspices, and Jinwu Guard. Under the statutory escort, Close and Meritorious Guard court swords were reduced by eighty-four, Assist Guard ceremonial swords by one hundred thirty-two, four were added from the Left and Right Valiant Cavalry, and there were ninety-two court swords and ceremonial swords. In the Xuanhe period, division of command was changed to Left and Right Martial generals and four commanders of Sun-Upholder and Celestial Martial, six of Arch-Sacred, and two colonel-commanders each of Divine Valor, Valiant Cavalry, Valiant Victory, Martial Display, and Tiger Wing.
34
Next came the Close-Meritorious, Free-Hand, and Valiant Cavalry Assist Guard companies. (all mounted.) Four Palace Attendant Gentlemen of the Left and Right Guard divided command of forty-eight Close-Meritorious Assist Guards; two Gentlemen of the Left and Right Guard divided command of sixty Free-Hand Assist Guards; two Gentlemen of the Left and Right Valiant Cavalry divided command of fifty-six Valiant Cavalry Assist Guards. Under the statutory escort, there were sixteen fewer Close-Meritorious guards and twenty fewer each for Free-Hand and Valiant Cavalry. In the Xuanhe period, they were changed to Central Guard, Assist Guard, and Close Guard companies; four Central Guard Gentlemen divided command of forty-eight guards; two Assist Guard Gentlemen divided command of sixty guards; two Close Guard Gentlemen divided command of fifty-six guards.
35
使
Next came the three Left and Right Valiant Cavalry Assist Guard companies. (all mounted.) each had two men dividing command: the first by the home guard Grand General, the second by the home guard General, the third by the home guard Gentleman; two banners each for Flowery Phoenix, Flying Yellow, and Auspicious Profit, divided into three companies; each company had ten crossbows, twenty bows with arrows, and forty spears. Under the statutory escort, there were four fewer crossbows, and bows with arrows and spears were each reduced by half. In the Xuanhe period, the first and second companies were led by Left and Right Valiant Cavalry Grand Generals and Generals; the third by the Broad Valor colonel-commander. The Flowery Phoenix banner was changed to the Twin Lotus banner.
36
使
Next came the Coming Hub company. There were six in all; each company had two colonels as inspectors: the first and fourth by Breaker of Ranks colonels of the Left and Right Guard, and the second, third, fifth, and sixth by Fruitful and Resolute colonels of the Left and Right Guard. Each company had sixty sword-shields; within the first and fourth were two Treasure Talisman banners. Under the statutory escort, there were twenty fewer sword-shields each. In the Xuanhe period, inspectors were changed to Sun-Upholder, Celestial Martial, and Arch-Sacred colonel-commanders.
37
殿
Next came the Sun-Upholder company. Each company had one leader, two rear guards, twenty-eight long-running hall attendants, three banner heads, five spearmen, twenty archers, and one hundred fifty-five Celestial Martial interceptors in each wing. Under the statutory escort, the arrangement was the same.
38
殿竿
Next came the rear yellow command guard. It was divided into six sections: Left and Right Guard, Valiant Cavalry, Martial, Martial Display, Army Auspices, and Martial. Within each section, Palace Attendant censors, Grand Generals, colonels, commanding officers, crimson guidon banners, dragon-head poles, and the like were all the same as in the front section. Under the statutory escort, the sixth section was removed and six crimson guidon banners were removed. In the Xuanhe period, there were six sections: the first was changed to Left and Right Valiant Cavalry Grand Generals, and from the second to the sixth to the five commands of Celestial Martial, Divine Valor, Martial Display, Tiger Wing, and Broad Valor.
39
鹿 使
Next came the rear foot-armor companies. There were twelve in all, each with two colonels dividing command. The first was led by the Left and Right Guard, the third by the Left and Right Valiant Cavalry, the fifth by the Left and Right Martial, the seventh by the Left and Right Martial Display, and the ninth and eleventh each by the Left and Right Army Auspices — all Fruitful and Resolute; the second by the Left and Right Guard, the fourth by the Left and Right Valiant Cavalry, the sixth by the Left and Right Martial, the eighth by the Left and Right Martial Display, and the tenth and twelfth each by the Left and Right Army Auspices — all Breaker of Ranks. Within were two banners each for pixiu, osprey-chicken, immortal deer, golden parrot, auspicious wheat, peacock, wild horse, yak, sweet dew, net, auspicious light, and soaring crane, arranged in sequence behind the colonels. Each company had bows with arrows and sword-shields alternating, sixty men each, placed behind the banners. Under the statutory escort, there were only ten companies. In the Xuanhe period, from the seventh company onward, division of command was changed to colonel-commanders: the seventh and eighth to Divine Valor, the ninth to Valiant Cavalry, the tenth to Martial Display, the eleventh to Tiger Wing, and the twelfth to Broad Valor. Half the banners were also changed: the seventh to Correct Heaven and Yao's Blessing, the eighth to Sun Bearing the Burden, the tenth to Soaring Crane, the eleventh to Red Light, and the twelfth to Patterned Stone.
40
<> 使
Next came the rear horse companies. There were twelve in all, each led by two colonels. The first and second were each led by the Left and Right Guard, the fifth, sixth, and seventh by the Left and Right Martial, and the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth by the Left and Right Army Auspices — all Breaker of Ranks; the third and fourth were each led by the Left and Right Valiant Cavalry, and the eighth and ninth by the Left and Right Martial Display — all Fruitful and Resolute. Within were two banners each for horned tip, red bear, rhinoceros, All Under Heaven at Peace, trained rhinoceros, shrike, lizard, zouyu, dark crow, white wolf, dragon, tiger, and golden ox, arranged in sequence behind the colonels. Each company had ten crossbows, twenty bows with arrows, and forty spears. Under the statutory escort, there were only ten companies. there were four fewer crossbows, six fewer bows with arrows, and twelve fewer spears. In the Xuanhe period, colonels were changed to colonel-commanders: the first and second to Sun-Upholder, third and fourth to Celestial Martial, fifth and sixth to Arch-Sacred, seventh and eighth to Divine Valor, ninth to Valiant Cavalry, tenth to Martial Display, eleventh to Tiger Wing, and twelfth to Broad Valor. Within, the sixth company had the Twin Grain in Splendor banner and the seventh had the Ten-Thousand-Year Interlocked Wood banner.
41
簿 使
For the imperial escort described above, there were six gates in all and two gates on the central avenue: the first gate was placed after the Sun-Moon Combined Disc banners and the like, or for the statutory escort after the dragon courtyard banners; the second gate was placed after the rear-covering company, and for the statutory escort the arrangement was the same. Each had four Jinwu yamen gate banners and six Gate Watch captains. Four gates on the left and right avenues: the first after the sixth company of the front foot-armor companies; the second after the twelfth company; the third after the chariot-flanking company; the fourth after the sixth company of the rear foot-armor companies. Under the statutory escort, the arrangement was the same. Each had four Gate Watch captains. In the Xuanhe period, captains were changed to envoy-officials.
42
輿
The Zhenghe minor escort omitted the grand escort's six leading contingents and the elephant, wood, and leather chariots, five secondary chariots, the small palanquin and small carriage, and eleven further items including the south-pointing chariot, clepsydra drum chariot, White Egret, Simurgh banner, Exalted Virtue, leather-canopy, Plough-Root, Advance-the-Worthy, Bright-Distance, yellow battle-axe, leopard-tail, and follow-chariots; everything else was reduced by half from the grand escort.
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