1
御史臺秘書省殿中省太常寺宗正寺大宗正司附光祿寺衛尉寺太僕寺
The Censorate; the Secretariat; the Palace Domestic Service; the Court of Imperial Sacrifices; the Court of the Imperial Clan; the Office of the Great Clan Patriarch (attached); the Court of Imperial Entertainments; the Court of the Imperial Insignia; and the Court of the Imperial Stud.
2
御史臺掌
The Censorate was responsible for
3
糾察官邪，肅正綱紀。 大事則廷辨，小事則奏彈。 其屬有三院：一曰臺院，侍御史隸焉； 二曰殿院，殿中侍御史隸焉； 三曰察院，監察御史隸焉。 凡祭祀、朝會，則率其屬正百官之班序。 咸平四年，以御史二人充左右巡使； 分糾不如法者。 文官，右巡主之，武官，左巡主之； 分其職掌，糾其違失，常參班簿、祿料、假告皆主之。 祭祀則兼監祭使，掌受誓戒致齋，檢視糾劾。 又有廊下使，專掌入閤監食； 又有監香使，掌國忌行香，二使臨時充。 通稱曰五使。 元豐正官名，於是使名悉罷。
investigating official misconduct and upholding institutional discipline. Major cases were debated at court; lesser ones were reported and impeached by memorial. It had three bureaus: the Bureau of the Censorate, staffed by Attending Censors; second, the Palace Bureau, staffed by Palace Attending Censors; and third, the Investigation Bureau, staffed by Investigating Censors. At sacrifices and court assemblies, its officers led their staffs in arranging the order of ranks among all officials. In 1001, two censors were appointed Left and Right Touring Commissioners; each to investigate officials who failed to observe protocol. the Right Tour supervised civil officials and the Left Tour supervised military officials; they divided responsibilities, investigated breaches, and oversaw attendance rolls, salary allotments, and leave requests for officials in regular court attendance. at sacrifices they also served as Supervising Sacrifice Commissioners, taking oaths, observing fasting, and inspecting and impeaching infractions. there were also Corridor Commissioners, who supervised meals on entry to the Inner Hall; and Incense Supervising Commissioners, who oversaw state-mourning incense rites—these two posts were filled ad hoc. Together they were known as the Five Commissioners. When the Yuanfeng reforms established regular official titles, all these commissioner designations were abolished.
4
御史大夫
Censor-in-Chief
5
宋初不除正員，止為加官。 檢校官帶憲銜，有至檢校御史大夫者。 元豐官制行，亦并除去。
Early in the Song dynasty the regular post was not filled; the title was conferred only as an additional rank. Acting officials could bear censorate titles, in some cases as high as Acting Censor-in-Chief. When the Yuanfeng official system took effect, this title was abolished as well.
6
一人，為臺長，舊兼理檢使。 凡除中丞而官未至者，皆除右諫議大夫權。 熙寧五年，以知雜御史鄧綰為中丞，初除諫議大夫，王安石言礙近制，止以綰為龍圖閣待制權，御史中丞不遷諫議大夫自綰始。 九年，鄧潤甫自正言知制誥為中丞，以宰相屬官不可長憲府，於是復遷右諫議大夫權。 元豐五年，以承議郎徐禧為知制誥權中丞。 禧言：「中丞糾彈之任，赴舍人院行詞，疑若未安。」 會官制行，罷知制誥職，乃以本官試中丞。 南渡初除官最多，隆興後被擢浸少。 淳熙十年，始除黃洽，又三年再除蔣繼周。 臺諫例不兼講讀，神宗命呂正獻，亦止命時赴講筵。 中興兼者二人，万俟离、羅汝楫皆以秦檜意。 慶元後，司諫以上無不預經筵者矣。
One post, as head of the Censorate; formerly the incumbent also doubled as Investigating Commissioner. Anyone appointed Vice Censor-in-Chief who had not yet assumed the post was first named Acting Right Remonstrance Grandee. In 1072, Supervising Miscellaneous Affairs Censor Deng Wan was appointed Vice Censor-in-Chief. He was first named Remonstrance Grandee, but Wang Anshi objected that this violated recent practice, and Wan received only Acting Awaiting Compiler at the Dragon Diagram Hall. From Wan onward, the Vice Censor-in-Chief was no longer routed through the Remonstrance Grandee post. In 1076, Deng Runfu moved from Rectifier and Drafting Drafter to Vice Censor-in-Chief. Because a chancellor's subordinate could not long head the censorate, he was again made Acting Right Remonstrance Grandee. In 1082, Gentleman for Discussion of Governance Xu Xi was appointed Drafting Drafter and Acting Vice Censor-in-Chief. Xi said, "The vice censor's role is impeachment; having to draft edicts at the Academy of Scholars seems ill suited to that office." When the new official system took effect, the drafting post was abolished, and he served as Vice Censor-in-Chief on probation in his existing rank. After the court moved south, appointments were most frequent at first; after the Longxing era, promotions to the post grew steadily rarer. In 1183, Huang Qia received the first appointment in years; three years later Jiang Jizhou was appointed again. By precedent, censors and remonstrators did not also serve as lecture readers. Emperor Shenzong appointed Lü Gongzhu to read, but only required him to attend lectures occasionally. After the restoration, only two held concurrent lecture posts—Moqi Xie and Luo Ruji—both at Qin Hui's behest. After the Qingyuan era, every official from Supervising Censor upward took part in the classics lecture.
7
侍御史一人，掌貳臺政。
Attending Censor, one post, assisting in the administration of the censorate.
8
殿中侍御史二人，掌以儀法糾百官之失。 凡大朝會及朔望、六參，則東西對立，彈其失儀者。
Palace Attending Censors, two posts, responsible for investigating breaches of court ritual among all officials. At major assemblies and at the new- and full-moon audiences and the six regular sessions, they stood on east and west sides of the hall and impeached officials who breached protocol.
9
監察御史
Investigating Censor
10
六人，掌分察六曹及百司之事，糾其謬誤，大事則奏劾，小事則舉正。 迭監祠祭。 歲詣三省、樞密院以下輪治。 凡六察之事，稽其多寡當否，歲終條具殿最，以詔黜陟。 百官應赴臺參謝辭者，以拜跪、書札體驗其老疾。 凡事經郡縣、監司、省曹不能直者，直牒閤門，上殿論奏。 官卑而入殿中監察御史者，謂之「裡行」。 治平四年，中丞王陶言：「奉詔舉臺官，而才行可舉者多以資淺不應格。」 乃詔舉三任以上知縣為裡行。 熙寧二年詔：「御史闕，委中丞奏舉，毋拘官職高下兼權。」 三年，孫覺薦秀州軍事推官李定，對稱旨，為太子中允權監察御史裡行，由選人為御史自定始。 於是知制誥宋敏求、蘇頌、李大臨以定資淺，封還詞頭，不草制，相繼罷去。
Six posts, each supervising one of the Six Ministries and other agencies, investigating errors. Major cases were reported and impeached; minor ones were corrected on the spot. They took turns supervising state sacrifices. Each year they rotated through the Three Departments, the Bureau of Military Affairs, and subordinate offices. For the Six Investigations they audited whether workloads were appropriate, and at year's end submitted merit rankings to guide promotions and demotions. For officials required to attend the censorate for farewells or thanks, they assessed age and infirmity by observing bows and kneels and by the form of written submissions. Cases that prefectures, circuit supervisors, or ministry bureaus could not resolve were sent directly to the Gatekeepers' Office for audience and memorial at court. Lower-ranking appointees who served as investigating censors within the bureau were called "acting within" (lixing). In 1067, Vice Censor-in-Chief Wang Tao said, "By edict I am to recommend censorate officials, yet many qualified candidates are rejected for insufficient seniority." The court then ordered that magistrates who had served three or more terms could be recommended as acting within. In 1069 an edict said, "When censor posts are vacant, the vice censor shall recommend candidates without regard to rank or acting appointment." In 1070, Sun Jue recommended Li Ding, military push officer of Xiuzhou. Ding pleased the emperor in audience and was named Acting Investigating Censor within as Junior Mentor of the Heir Apparent—the first time an examination appointee became a censor. Drafting drafters Song Minqiu, Su Song, and Li Daling then sealed and returned the appointment draft, refusing to write it on grounds of Ding's low seniority, and were dismissed one after another.
11
靖康元年，監察御史胡舜陟言：「監察御史自唐至本朝，皆論政事、擊官邪，元豐、紹聖著於甲令，崇寧大臣欲其便己，遂更成憲。 乞令本臺增入監察御史言事之文。」 詔依祖宗法。 又詔宰執不得薦舉臺諫官。 舊臺令，御史上下半年分詣三省、樞密院點檢諸房文字，輪詣尚書六曹按察； 奉行稽違，付受差失，咸得彈糾。 渡江後，稍闊不舉。 紹興三年，始復其舊。 是年十一月，殿中侍御史常同言：「元豐始置六察，上自諸部、寺監，下至廩庫、場務，無不分隸，以詔廢置。 而乃有寅緣申請，乞不隸臺察者，恐非法意，宜遵舊制。」 從之。 乾道二年詔：「自今非曾經兩任縣令，不得除監察御史。」 慶元二年，侍御史黃黼言：「監察御史高宗時嘗置六員，孝宗時置三員，今分按之任止二人，乞增置一員。」 自後常置三員。
In 1126, Investigating Censor Hu Shunzhi said, "From Tang through our dynasty, investigating censors have debated policy and attacked corrupt officials—rules Yuanfeng and Shaosheng put in statute. Chongning ministers changed the rules to suit themselves. I ask that this bureau restore the investigating censors' authority to speak on affairs." The court ordered a return to ancestral practice. The court also forbade chief ministers to recommend censorate and remonstrance officials. Under former censorate rules, censors in each half of the year inspected documents at the Three Departments and Bureau of Military Affairs and rotated through the Six Ministries of the Department of State Affairs; delays in execution, transmission errors, and similar faults were all subject to impeachment. After the court crossed the Yangzi, these duties were gradually neglected. In 1133 the former practice was restored. That November, Palace Attending Censor Chang Tong said, "Yuanfeng created the Six Investigations so that every agency from ministries down to granaries and market offices fell under censorial oversight, with abolition and establishment subject to imperial edict. Yet some now petition by favor to escape censorial oversight—likely contrary to the law's intent. The old system should be followed." The court agreed. In 1166 an edict said, "Henceforth no one may be appointed investigating censor without having served two terms as county magistrate." In 1196, Attending Censor Huang Fu said, "Gaozong once appointed six investigating censors and Xiaozong three; today only two cover divided duties. I ask that one more post be added." Thereafter three posts were regularly maintained.
12
三京留司御史臺
Censorate of the Three Capitals on Detached Duty
13
管勾臺事各一人， 〈（舊曰判臺。）〉 以朝官以上充。 掌拜表行香，糾舉違失。 令史二人，知班、驅使倌、書吏各一人，中興以後不置。
Overseer of Bureau Affairs, one for each capital, (formerly called Director of the Bureau.) filled by court officials of fifth rank and above. They oversaw presenting memorials and incense offerings and investigated breaches of protocol. Two clerks, plus one Master of Order, one attendant, and one copyist each—these posts were not filled after the restoration.
14
秘書省監少監
Secretariat; Director; Vice Director
15
丞各一人，監掌古今經籍圖書、國史實錄、天文曆數之事，少監為之貳，而丞參領之。 其屬有五：著作郎一人，著作佐郎二人，掌修纂日曆； 秘書郎二人，掌集賢院、史館、昭文館、秘閣圖籍，以甲、乙、丙、丁為部，各分其類； 校書郎四人，正字二人，掌校讎典籍，判正訛謬，各以其職隸於長貳。 惟日曆非編修官不預。 歲於仲夏曝書，則給酒食費，尚書、學士、侍郎、待制、兩省諫官、御史並赴。 遇庚伏，則前期遣中使諭旨，聽以早歸。 大典禮，則長貳預集議。 所以待遇儒臣，非他司比。 宴設錫予，率循故事。
Assistant Directors, one each. The Director oversaw classics, books, maps, the national history, veritable records, astronomy, and calendrical matters; the Vice Director assisted, and the Assistant Directors shared administrative duties. It had five subordinate posts: one Compiler and two Assistant Compilers, who compiled the court calendar; two Secretariat Gentlemen, who managed collections at the Hall of Gathered Worthies, History Office, Hall of Broad Learning, and Secret Depository, divided into jia, yi, bing, and ding sections by category; four Collators and two Rectifiers, who collated texts and corrected errors, each reporting to the Director and Vice Director. Only compilation officials could work on the calendar. Each midsummer the library aired its books and provided food and wine; ministers, academicians, vice ministers, awaiting compilers, remonstrators, and censors all attended. During the dog-days of summer, an imperial envoy announced beforehand that attendees might leave early. For major state rituals, the Director and Vice Director joined deliberations. Such was the treatment accorded scholar-officials—unmatched by any other agency. Banquets, provisions, and imperial gifts followed long-established precedent.
16
宋初，置三館長慶門北，謂之西館。 太平興國初，於昇龍門東北，創立三館書院。 三年，賜名崇文院，遷西館書貯焉。 東廊為集賢書庫，西廊分四部，為史館書庫。 大中祥符八年，創外院於右掖門外。 天禧初，令以三館為額，置檢討、校勘等員。 檢討以京朝官充，校勘自京朝、幕職至選人皆得備選。 以內侍二人為勾當官，通掌三館圖籍事，孔目官、表奏官、掌捨各一人。 又有監書庫內侍一人。 兼監秘閣圖籍孔目官一人。
Early in the Song, the Three Halls were established north of the Changqing Gate and called the Western Hall. At the start of the Taiping Xingguo era, the Three Halls Academy was founded northeast of the Ascending Dragon Gate. In 978 it was named the Hall of Esteeming Literature, and the Western Hall's collections were moved there. The east corridor housed the Hall of Gathered Worthies library; the west corridor, divided into four sections, housed the History Office library. In 1015 an outer compound was built outside the Right Flank Gate. At the start of the Tianxi era, the Three Halls were formally titled and Investigating and Collating posts were established. Investigators were drawn from capital court officials; collators could be court officials, staff appointees, or examination appointees. Two palace eunuchs served as supervisory officials over the Three Halls collections, with one clerk, one memorial presenter, and one quarters keeper each. One eunuch also supervised the book depository. One clerk also supervised the Secret Depository collections.
17
係端拱元年就崇文院中堂建閤，以三館書籍真本並內出古畫墨跡等藏之。 淳化元年，詔次三館置直閤、 〈（以朝官充。）〉 校理， 〈（以京朝官充。）〉 以諸司三品、兩省五品以上官一人判閤事。 直閤、校理通掌閤事，掌繕寫秘閣所藏。 供御人、裝裁匠十二人。 元豐五年，職事官貼職悉罷，以崇文院為秘書省官屬，始立為定員，分案四，置吏八。 〈（崇文院，太平興國三年置。 端拱元年，建秘閣於院中。 昭文館、史館、集賢院皆沿唐制立名，但有書庫寓於崇文院廡下。 三館、秘閣、崇文院各置貼職官。 又有集賢殿修撰、直龍圖閣、校勘，通謂之館職。 初，英宗謂輔臣曰：「館閣所以育雋材，比選數人出使，無可者，豈乏材耶？」 歐陽脩曰：「今取材路狹，館閣止用選人編校書籍，故進用稍遲。」 上曰：「卿等各舉數人，雖親戚世家勿避。」 於是宰相琦、公亮，參知政事修、概各薦五人，未及試，神宗登極，先召十人試以詩賦，而開封府界提點陳汝義別以奏封稱旨預試。 於是御史吳申言：「試館職者請策以經史及世務，毋用辭賦。」 遂詔：「自今試館職專用策論。」 熙寧二年，置崇文校書，始除河南府永安主簿邢恕。 乃詔自今應選舉可用人併除校書，候二年取旨除館職官。 五年，以隸秘書省。）〉
In 988 a pavilion was built in the central hall of the Hall of Esteeming Literature to store authentic Three Halls texts and imperial paintings and calligraphy. In 990 an edict ordered Attendants of the Pavilion established under the Three Halls, (filled by court officials.) Collators, (filled by capital court officials.) with one third-rank bureau official or fifth-rank official of the two departments to direct pavilion affairs. Attendants and Collators jointly managed the pavilion and copied works held in the Secret Depository. Twelve provisioners for the imperial household and book-binding craftsmen. In 1082 all supplemental posts for regular-duty officials were abolished, the Hall of Esteeming Literature was subordinated to the Secretariat, fixed quotas were established for the first time, with four sections and eight clerks. (The Hall of Esteeming Literature was established in 978. In 988 the Secret Depository was built within the hall. The Hall of Broad Learning, History Office, and Hall of Gathered Worthies kept their Tang-era titles, but their book depositories were housed in the side halls of the Hall of Esteeming Literature. The Three Halls, Secret Depository, and Hall of Esteeming Literature each had supplemental appointment officials. There were also Hall Compilers, Direct Attendants of the Dragon Diagram Hall, and Collators—collectively called hall appointments. Early on Emperor Yingzong told his chief ministers: "The halls and pavilion exist to nurture outstanding talent. Several men were recently chosen for foreign missions, yet none were fit—are we truly short of talent?" Ouyang Xiu replied: "The avenues for selecting talent have narrowed. The halls and pavilion use only examination appointees to edit and collate books, so promotion comes slowly." The emperor said: "Each of you recommend several men—do not shrink from relatives of eminent families." Thereupon Chief Councillors Qi and Gongliang and Associate Administrators Xiu and Gai each recommended five men. Before they could be examined, Shenzong took the throne and first summoned ten candidates to be tested in regulated verse and fu; separately, Chen Ruyi, supervisor of the Kaifeng metropolitan boundary, won advance inclusion in the examination with a memorial that pleased the throne. Investigating Censor Wu Shen then urged: "Candidates for hall appointments should be tested on the classics, histories, and current affairs by policy questions—not belles-lettres." An edict followed: "Henceforth hall appointment examinations shall use policy discourse only." In 1069 the post of Collator of the Hall of Esteeming Literature was established; the first appointee was Xing Shu, registrar of Yong'an in Henan prefecture. An edict then ordered that henceforth all examination candidates deemed fit should be appointed Collators concurrently; after two years they would receive hall appointment posts by imperial order. In 1082 it was subordinated to the Secretariat.)
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元祐初，復置直集賢院、校理。 自校理而上，職有六等，內外官並許帶，恩數仍舊。 又立試中人館職法，選人除正字，京官除校書郎。 〈（校書郎供職二年，除集賢校理。 秘書郎、著作佐郎比集賢校理。 著作郎比直集賢院、直秘閣。 丞及三年除秘閣校理。）〉 三年二月，詔御試唱名日，秘書丞至正字升殿侍立。 九月，覆試賢良於閤下。 五年，置集賢院學士并校對黃本書籍官員。 〈（紹聖初，罷校對，以編修日曆選本省，易集賢院學士為殿修撰，直院為直秘閣，集賢校理為秘書校理。）〉 十二月，詔禮部，本省長貳定校讎之課，月終具奏。 〈（入伏午時減半，過渡伏依舊，從蘇軾之請。）〉 又罷本省官任滿除館職法。 元符二年，詔職事官罷帶館職，悉復元豐官制。 崇寧五年，詔館閣併除進士出身人。 政和五年四月，詔秘書省殿以右文為名，改集賢殿修撰為右文殿修撰。 是月，駕詣景靈宮朝獻，還幸秘書省。 詔曰：「延見多士，歷覽藏書之府，祖宗遺文在焉，屋室淺狹，甚非稱太平右文之盛，宜重行修展。」 八月，詔秘書省移於新左藏庫，以其地為堂。 七年，詔類集所訪遺書，名曰秘書總目。 宣和二年，立定秘書省員額：監、少監、丞並依元豐舊制，著作郎以四員為額，校書郎二員，正字四員。
At the start of the Yuanyou era, Direct Attendants of the Hall of Gathered Worthies and Collators were reestablished. From Collator upward there were six ranks; both capital and local officials could hold them concurrently, with perquisites unchanged. Regulations were also set for examination entrants to hall appointments: examination appointees were made Rectifiers; capital officials were made Collators. (After two years as Collator, one was appointed Collator of the Hall of Gathered Worthies. Secretariat Gentlemen and Assistant Compilers ranked with Collators of the Hall of Gathered Worthies. Compilers ranked with Direct Attendants of the Hall of Gathered Worthies and the Secret Depository. After three years as Assistant Director, one was appointed Collator of the Secret Depository.) In the second month of the third year, an edict ordered that on palace examination day, Secretariat Assistant Directors through Rectifiers should ascend the hall and stand in attendance. In the ninth month worthy and able candidates were retested beneath the Retiring Hall. In the fifth year Academicians of the Hall of Gathered Worthies and officials to collate imperial yellow-skin editions were established. (At the start of Shaosheng, collators were abolished and calendar compilation was staffed from the Secretariat; Hall Academicians became Hall Compilers, Direct Attendants of the Hall became Direct Attendants of the Secret Depository, and Hall Collators became Secretariat Collators.) In the twelfth month the Ministry of Rites was instructed: the Secretariat Director and Vice Director were to set collation quotas and report monthly. (Work hours at noon were halved during dog-days; after the transitional dog-days the old schedule resumed, at Su Shi's request.) The rule granting hall appointments to Secretariat officials upon completing their terms was also abolished. In 1099 regular-duty officials were ordered to cease holding hall appointments concurrently, and the Yuanfeng official system was fully restored. In 1106 an edict ordered that hall and pavilion appointments be granted concurrently to jinshi degree holders. In the fourth month of 1115 an edict ordered Secretariat halls renamed for upholding letters; Hall Compilers of the Hall of Gathered Worthies became Right-Letters Hall Compilers. That month the emperor went to the Jingling Palace for the morning offering, then visited the Secretariat on his return. The edict said: "To receive many scholars and tour the book repository where our forefathers' writings are kept—the buildings are cramped and unworthy of an age that esteems letters; they should be rebuilt and enlarged." In the eighth month the Secretariat was ordered moved to the new Left Treasury; its former site became the main hall. In the seventh year an edict ordered a classified catalogue of books collected, entitled the General Catalogue of the Secretariat. In 1120 fixed Secretariat quotas were set: Director, Vice Director, and Assistant Director followed the Yuanfeng system; Compilers were fixed at four, Collators at two, and Rectifiers at four.
19
渡江後，製作未遑。 紹興元年，始詔置秘書省，權以秘監或少監一員，丞、著作郎佐各一員，校書、正字各二員為額。 續又參酌舊制，校書郎、正字召試學士院而後命之。 自是采求闕文，補綴漏逸，四庫書略備。 即秘書省復建史館，以修神宗、哲宗實錄，選本省官兼檢討、校勘，以侍從官充修撰。 五年，效唐人十八學士之制，監、少、丞外，置著作郎佐、秘書郎各二人，校書郎、正字通十二人。 又移史館於省之側，別為一所，以增重其事。 九年，詔著作局惟修日曆，遇修國史則開國史院，遇修實錄則開實錄院，以正名實。 十三年，詔復每歲曝書會。 是冬，新省成，少監遊操援政和故事，乞置提舉官，遂以授禮部侍郎秦熹，令掌求遺書，仍鑄印以賜。 置編定書籍官二人，以校書郎、正字充。
After the crossing of the Yangtze, institutions could not yet be fully restored. In 1131 the Secretariat was first ordered reestablished provisionally: one Director or Vice Director, one each of Assistant Director, Compiler, and Assistant Compiler, and two each of Collator and Rectifier. Thereafter, following precedent, Collators and Rectifiers were examined at the Hanlin Academy before appointment. From then on missing texts were sought and gaps filled; the four depositories were roughly restored. The Secretariat then rebuilt the History Office to compile the Veritable Records of Shenzong and Zhezong; its own officials served concurrently as investigators and collators, and palace attendees as compilers. In the fifth year, following the Tang model of the Eighteen Academicians, beyond Director, Vice Director, and Assistant Director there were two each of Compilers, Assistant Compilers, and Secretariat Gentlemen, and twelve Collators and Rectifiers in all. The History Office was also moved beside the Secretariat as a separate compound to lend the work greater weight. In the ninth year an edict ordered the Compilation Bureau to compile only the court calendar; when national history was compiled the National History Office opened, and when veritable records were compiled the Veritable Records Office opened—to align titles with duties. In the thirteenth year the annual book-airing assembly was restored. That winter, when the new compound was completed, Vice Director You Cao cited the Zhenghe precedent and requested a supervisory official; the post went to Vice Minister of Rites Qin Xi, charged to seek lost books, and a seal was cast and bestowed. Two book-compilation officials were established, filled by Collators and Rectifiers.
20
孝宗即位，詔館職儲養人才，不可定員。 幹道九年，正字止六員； 淳熙二年，監、少並置，皆前所未有。 除少監、丞外，以七員為額，尋復詔不立額。 紹熙二年，館職闕人，上令召試二員，謹加審擇，取學問議論平正之人。 自是，監、少、丞外，多止除二員，是時，陳傅良上言：「請以右文、秘閣修撰并舊館閣校勘三等為史官。 自校勘供職，稍遷秘閣修撰，又遷右文。 在院三五年，如有勞績，就遷次對，庶幾有專官之效，無冷局之嫌。」 時論韙之，然不果行。 中興分案四：曰經籍，曰祝版，曰知雜，曰太史。 吏額：都、副孔目官二人，四庫書直官二人，表奏官、書庫官各一人，守當官二人，正名楷書五人，守闕一人，正貼司及守闕各六人，監門官一人以武臣充，專知官一人。
When Xiaozong took the throne, an edict declared that hall appointments existed to nurture talent and should not have fixed quotas. In 1173 Rectifiers were limited to six posts; in 1175 both Director and Vice Director were staffed for the first time. Apart from Vice Director and Assistant Director, a quota of seven was set, but soon an edict again abolished fixed quotas. In 1191, with hall posts vacant, the emperor ordered two candidates summoned for examination, to be chosen carefully—men of learning whose views were sound and balanced. Thereafter, apart from Director, Vice Director, and Assistant Director, usually only two appointments were made. At the time Chen Fuliang urged: "Let Right-Letters compilers, Secret Depository compilers, and the former three ranks of hall collators serve as history officials. They would begin as collators, advance to Secret Depository Compiler, then to Right-Letters Compiler. After three to five years in office, those with merit would advance in turn—thus dedicated posts would have effect, without the stigma of a neglected bureau." Contemporary opinion approved, but the proposal was not adopted. After the restoration four sections were established: Classics, Prayer Tablets, General Affairs, and Grand Astrologer. Clerk quotas: two chief and deputy clerks; two four-depository book attendants; one memorial submission clerk and one book depository clerk; two custodial clerks; five regular fair-copy clerks; one acting clerk; six regular petition clerks and six acting clerks each; one gate supervisory official, a military appointee; and one dedicated custodian.
21
日曆所
Calendar Office
22
隸秘書省，以著作郎、著作佐郎掌之。 以宰執時政記、左右史起居注所書會集修撰為一代之典。 舊於門下省置編修院，專掌國史、實錄，修纂日曆。 元豐元年詔：「宣徽院等供報修注事，自今更不供起居院，直供編修院日曆所。」 四年十一月，廢編修院歸史館。 官制行，屬秘書省國史案。 六年，詔秘書省長、貳毋得預著作修纂日曆事，進書即擊銜，以防漏洩，如舊編修院法焉。 八年，詔吏部郎中曾肇、禮部郎中林希兼著作。 職事官兼職自此始。
It was subordinate to the Secretariat and managed by the Compiler and Assistant Compilers. It compiled the standard record of a reign from the chief ministers' policy diaries and the diary notes kept by the Left and Right Historians. Formerly a Compilation Bureau in the Chancellery exclusively managed national history and veritable records and compiled the court calendar. In 1078 an edict ordered: "Reports for diary revision from the Palace Council and similar offices shall no longer go to the Diary Office but directly to the Compilation Bureau's Calendar Office." In the eleventh month of the fourth year the Compilation Bureau was abolished and merged back into the History Office. Under the reformed official system it belonged to the Secretariat's National History section. In the sixth year an edict barred the Secretariat Director and Vice Director from calendar compilation work; on submitting texts they were to stamp their seals to prevent leaks, as under the old Compilation Bureau rules. In the eighth year Zeng Zhao of the Ministry of Personnel and Lin Xi of the Ministry of Rites were ordered to serve concurrently as Compilers. Concurrent service by regular-duty officials began from this point.
23
元祐五年，移國史案置局，專掌國史、實錄，編修日曆，以國史院為名，隸門下省，更不隸秘書省。 紹聖二年，詔日曆還秘書省。 宣和二年，詔罷在京修書諸局，惟秘書省日曆所係元豐國史案，除著作郎官專管修纂日曆之事無定員外，其分案編修日曆書庫官吏，並依元豐法。 紹興元年，初修皇帝日曆，詔以修日曆所為名，本省長貳通行修纂。 三年，詔宰臣提舉，侍從官修撰，十一月，詔以修國史日曆所為名。 四年，詔以史館為名。 十年，詔依舊制並歸秘書省國史案，以著作郎、佐修纂，舊史館官罷歸元官。 尋復詔以國史日曆所為名，續併修神宗、哲宗寶訓。 隆興元年，詔編類聖政所併歸日曆所，依舊宰臣提領，仍令日曆所吏充行遣。
In 1090 the National History section was reorganized as a separate bureau—the National History Office—under the Chancellery, exclusively managing national history, veritable records, and the calendar, no longer under the Secretariat. In 1095 the calendar was returned to the Secretariat. In 1120 all capital book-compilation bureaus were abolished except the Secretariat's Calendar Office, which preserved the Yuanfeng National History arrangement; Compiler posts for calendar work had no fixed quota, but sectional clerks and book-depository staff followed Yuanfeng rules. In 1131 the emperor's calendar was first compiled; the office was named the Office for Compiling the Calendar, with the Secretariat Director and Vice Director jointly overseeing compilation. In the third year chief ministers were ordered to supervise and palace attendees to compile; in the eleventh month it was named the Office for Compiling National History and the Calendar. In the fourth year it was renamed the History Office. In the tenth year an edict restored the old arrangement: all work returned to the Secretariat's National History section, with Compilers and Assistant Compilers doing the compilation; former History Office staff returned to their original posts. Soon it was again named the Office of National History and the Calendar, which also compiled the Sacred Instructions of Shenzong and Zhezong. In 1163 the Bureau for Compiling the Sacred Governance was merged into the Calendar Office; chief ministers still headed it, and Calendar Office clerks handled its routine business.
24
會要所
Compendium Office
25
以省官通任其事。 紹興九年，詔秘書省官讎校國朝會要，逐官添給茶湯錢。 乾道四年，詔尚書右僕射陳俊卿兼提舉編修國朝會要，每遇提舉官開院過局，就本省道山堂聚呈文字，提舉諸司官、承受官、主管諸司官，並令國史日曆所官兼。 五年，令本省再加刪定，以續修國朝會要為名。 九年，秘書少監陳騤言：「編類建炎以後會要成書，以中興會要為名。」 並從之。 其後接續修纂，並隸秘書省。
Secretariat officials jointly undertook the work. In 1139 Secretariat officials were ordered to collate the Song dynastic compendium, with supplementary tea and soup allowances for each officer. In 1168 Right Vice Minister Chen Junqing was ordered to supervise compilation of the Song dynastic compendium; when the supervisor convened the bureau, documents were presented at the Secretariat's Daoshan Hall. Supervisory, receiving, and executive officials were all drawn concurrently from the National History and Calendar Office. In the fifth year the Secretariat was ordered to undertake further editing under the title Continued Compilation of the Song Dynastic Compendium. In the ninth year Vice Director Chen Kui reported: "The classified compendium from the Jianyan period onward is complete; let it be titled the Restoration Compendium." The proposal was approved. Subsequent compilations also remained under the Secretariat.
26
國史實錄院提舉國史監修國史提舉實錄院修國史同修國史史館修撰、同修撰實錄院修撰、同修撰直史館編修官檢討官校勘、檢閱、校正、編校官
National History and Veritable Records Office; Supervisor of National History; Overseer of National History; Supervisor of the Veritable Records Office; Compiler of National History; Associate Compiler of National History; History Office Compiler and Associate Compiler; Veritable Records Office Compiler and Associate Compiler; Direct Attendant of the History Office; Compilation Official; Investigating Official; Collator, Reviewer, Corrector, and Editorial Collator.
27
初，紹興三年，詔置國史院，重修神宗、哲宗實錄，以從官充修撰，續以左僕射呂頤浩提舉國史，右僕射朱勝非監修國史。 四年，置直史館及檢討、校勘各一員。 五年，置修撰官二員，校勘官無定員。 是時，國史、實錄皆寓史館，未有置此廢彼之分。 九年，修徽宗實錄，詔以實錄院為名，仍以宰臣提舉，以從官充修撰、同修撰，餘官充檢討，無定員。 明年，以未修正史，詔罷史館官吏併歸實錄院。 二十八年，實錄書成，詔修三朝正史，復置國史院，以宰臣監修，侍從官兼同修，餘官充編修。 明年，詔國史院以宰臣提舉置修國史、同修國史共二員。 編修官二員，又置都大提舉諸司官、承受官、諸司官各一員。 以內侍省官充。 隆興元年，以編類聖政所併歸國史院，命起居郎胡銓同修國史。 二年，參政錢端禮權監修國史； 乾道元年，參政虞允文權提舉國史：皆前所未有。 二年，詔置實錄院，修欽宗實錄，其修撰、檢討官以史院官兼領。 四年，實錄告成，詔修欽宗正史。 以右僕射蔣芾提舉四朝國史，詔增置編修官二員，續又增置三員。 淳熙三年，特命李燾以秘書監權同修國史、權實靈院同修撰。 四年，罷實錄院，專置史院。 十五年，四朝國史成書，詔罷史院，復開實錄院修高宗實錄。 慶元元年，開實錄院修纂孝宗實錄。 六年，詔實錄院同修撰以四員、檢討官以六員為額。 嘉泰元年，開實錄院修纂光宗實錄。 二年，復開國史院，自是國史與實錄院並置矣。 實錄院吏兼行國史院事，點檢文字一人，書庫官八人，楷書四人。
In 1133 the National History Office was established to recompile the Veritable Records of Shenzong and Zhezong, with palace attendees as compilers; Left Chief Councillor Lü Yihao was appointed Supervisor of National History and Right Chief Councillor Zhu Shengfei Overseer of National History. In the fourth year a Direct Attendant of the History Office and one each of Investigator and Collator were established. In the fifth year two compiler posts were established; collators had no fixed quota. At the time national history and veritable records both lodged in the History Office; there was not yet a separate establishment for each. In the ninth year, compiling Huizong's Veritable Records, an edict named the office the Veritable Records Office; chief ministers still supervised; palace attendees served as compilers and associate compilers; other officials served as investigators without fixed quota. The following year, because the standard history had not yet been revised, History Office staff were abolished and merged into the Veritable Records Office. In the twenty-eighth year, when the veritable records were complete, an edict ordered compilation of the standard histories of three reigns; the National History Office was reestablished, with chief ministers as overseers, palace attendees as associate compilers, and other officials as compilation officials. The following year the National History Office was placed under chief-minister supervision, with two posts established: Compiler of National History and Associate Compiler of National History. Two compilation officials were added, along with one post each for grand supervisor of various offices, reception officer, and various-offices officer. These posts were filled by Palace Domestic Service officials. In 1163 the Institute for Compiling Sagely Governance was merged into the National History Office, and Hu Quan, Attendant Gentleman for the Court Diary, was appointed associate compiler of national history. In the following year Vice Grand Councillor Qian Duanli served concurrently as overseer of national history; in 1165 Vice Grand Councillor Yu Yunwen served concurrently as supervisor of national history—arrangements without precedent in either case. In 1166 the Veritable Records Office was established to compile Qinzong's veritable records, with compilers and investigators drawn concurrently from the History Office staff. When the veritable records were finished in 1168, an edict ordered compilation of Qinzong's standard history. Right Chief Councillor Jiang Fu was appointed supervisor of the national history of four reigns; two compilation officials were added by edict, and three more followed. In 1176 Li Tao was specially appointed, while serving as superintendent of the Secretariat, as concurrent associate compiler of national history and concurrent associate compiler of the Veritable Records Office. In 1177 the Veritable Records Office was abolished and a dedicated History Office alone was retained. When the national history of four reigns was completed in 1188, the History Office was abolished and the Veritable Records Office reopened to compile Gaozong's veritable records. In 1195 the Veritable Records Office was opened to compile Xiaozong's veritable records. In 1200 the Veritable Records Office was capped at four associate compilers and six investigators. In 1201 the Veritable Records Office was opened to compile Guangzong's veritable records. In 1202 the National History Office was reopened, and thereafter national history and veritable records were maintained in separate offices. Veritable Records Office clerks also handled National History Office business, with one text inspector, eight archive clerks, and four copyists.
28
太史局
Imperial Astronomical Bureau
29
掌測驗天文，考定曆法。 凡日月、星辰、風雲、氣候、祥眚之事，日具所佔以聞。 歲頒曆於天下，則預造進呈。 祭祀、冠昏及大典禮，則選所用日。 其官有令，有正，有春官、夏官、中官、秋官、冬官正，有丞，有直長，有靈臺郎，有保章正。 其判局及同判，則選五官正以上業優考深者充。 保章正五年、直長至令十年一遷，惟靈臺郎試中乃遷，而挈壺正無遷法。 其別局有天文院、測驗渾儀刻漏所，掌渾儀臺晝夜測驗辰象。
It observed and measured celestial phenomena and fixed the calendar. For the sun, moon, stars, winds, clouds, weather, and omens of fortune or calamity, it recorded daily prognostications and reported them to court. When the annual calendar was issued empire-wide, it prepared the editions in advance and presented them for approval. For sacrifices, capping and marriage ceremonies, and major state rituals, it selected the auspicious days. Its posts comprised a director, a chief director, spring, summer, center, autumn, and winter chief directors, a vice director, section chiefs, observatory clerks, and keepers of auspicious portents. Its bureau chief and associate bureau chief were chosen from chief directors of the five offices and above who had distinguished records of service and examination. Keepers of auspicious portents advanced every five years and section chiefs through directors every ten; observatory clerks advanced only after passing examination, while the water-clock keeper had no regular promotion schedule. Separate bureaus included the Astronomical Observatory and the Bureau for Testing the Armillary Sphere and Clepsydra, which conducted round-the-clock observation of the heavens from the armillary-sphere terrace.
30
鐘鼓院，掌文德殿鐘鼓樓刻漏進牌之事。 印曆所，掌雕印曆書。 南渡後，並同隸秘書省，長、貳、丞、郎輪季點檢。
The Bell and Drum Court managed the clepsydra, time tablets, and bell-and-drum signals of the Wende Hall bell-and-drum tower. The Calendar Printing Office carved and printed the official calendars. After the court moved south, all were placed under the Secretariat, whose director, deputies, vice director, and section chiefs inspected them in seasonal rotation.
31
元豐七年，詔四選命官通算學者，許於吏部就試，其合格者，上等除博士，中、次為學諭。 元祐元年初，議者謂：「本監雖準朝旨造算學，元未興工，其試選學官亦未有應格。 竊慮徒有煩費，乞罷修建。」 崇寧三年，遂將元豐算學條制修成敕令。 五年，罷算學，令附於國子監。 十一月，從薛昂請，復置算學。 大觀三年，太常寺考究，以黃帝為先師，自常先、力牧至周王朴以上從祀，凡七十人。 四年，以算學生併入太史局。 宣和二年，詔並罷官吏。
In 1084 civil officials from the four selection tracks who were versed in mathematics were permitted to sit for examination at the Ministry of Personnel; top passes were appointed superintendents, middle and lower passes instructors. Early in 1086 memorializers argued: "Although this directorate was ordered to build a mathematical school, construction never began, and no candidate in the school-official examination has yet met the standard. We fear this would only waste resources and ask that construction be halted." In 1104 the Yuanfeng regulations for the mathematical school were revised into statutory commands. In 1106 the mathematical school was abolished and placed under the Directorate of Education. In the eleventh month, at Xue Ang's request, the mathematical school was reestablished. In 1109 the Court of Imperial Sacrifices investigated and made the Yellow Emperor chief master, with Chang Xian, Li Mu, and others through Wang Pu of Zhou enshrined as secondary associates—seventy men in all. In 1110 mathematical students were merged into the Imperial Astronomical Bureau. In 1120 an edict abolished all its officials and clerks.
32
殿中省監少監監、丞
Palace Domestic Service: superintendent, vice superintendent, superintendent, vice director
33
各一人，監掌供奉天子玉食、醫藥、服御、幄帟、輿輦、捨次之政令，少監為之貳，丞參領之。 凡總六局：曰尚食，掌膳羞之事； 曰尚藥，掌和劑診候之事； 曰尚醞，掌酒醴之事； 曰尚衣，掌衣服冠冕之事； 曰尚舍，掌次舍幄帟之事； 曰尚輦，掌輿輦之事。 〈（六尚各有典御二人，奉御六人或四人，監門二人或一人。 又尚食有膳工，尚藥有醫師，尚醞有酒工，尚衣有衣徒，尚舍有幕士，尚輦有正供等，皆分隸其局。）〉 又置提舉六尚局及管幹官一員。 舊殿中省判省事一人，以無職事朝官充。 雖有六尚局，名別而事存，凡官隨局而移，不領於本省。 所掌唯郊祀、元日、冬至天子御殿，及禘袷後廟、神主赴太高，供具繖扇； 而殿中監視秘書監，為寄祿官而已。 元豐中，神宗欲復建此官，而度禁中未有其地，但詔御輦院不隸省寺，令專達焉。 初，權太府卿林顏因按內藏庫，見乘輿服御雜貯百物中，乃乞復殿中省六尚，以嚴奉至尊。 於是徽宗乃出先朝所度殿中省圖，命三省行之，而其法皆左正言姚祐所裁定，是歲崇寧二年也。 三年，蔡京上修成殿中省六尚局供奉庫務敕令格式並看詳凡六十卷，仍冠以「崇寧」為名。 政和元年，殿中省高伸上編定六尚供奉式。 靖康元年，詔六尚局並依祖宗法。 又詔：「六尚局既罷。 格內歲貢品物萬數，尚為民害，非祖宗舊制，其併除之。」
one of each; the superintendent oversaw provisions of jade food, medicine, apparel, curtains, carriages, and lodging for the Son of Heaven; the vice superintendent was second in rank; the vice director assisted. In all it oversaw six bureaus: Imperial Food, which managed delicacies; Imperial Medicine, which managed compounding and diagnosis; Imperial Brew, which managed wines and fermentations; Imperial Wardrobe, which managed robes, caps, and crowns; Imperial Lodging, which managed lodging and curtains; and Imperial Carriages, which managed carriages. Each of the six bureaus had two chief stewards, four or six attendants-in-attendance, and one or two gate supervisors. Imperial Food also had food artisans, Imperial Medicine physicians, Imperial Brew brew workers, Imperial Wardrobe garment workers, Imperial Lodging curtain keepers, and Imperial Carriages principal supply and the like—all subordinate to their respective bureaus.) One commissioner over the six bureaus and one managing official were also established. Formerly one official handled Palace Domestic Service secretariat affairs, filled by court officials without substantive posts. Although the six bureaus existed in name, their functions remained separate; officials followed their bureau and were not directed by this directorate. Its duties were limited to suburban sacrifices, New Year's Day, the winter-solstice imperial audience, presentation of spirit tablets from rear temples at di and xia sacrifices to the Imperial Ancestral Temple, ritual supplies, and parasols and fans; while the superintendent of the Palace Domestic Service merely held the Secretariat post as a salary-conferring sinecure. During the Yuanfeng era Shenzong wished to restore the office, but finding no space for it within the inner palace, he ordered only that the Imperial Carriage Court not be subordinate to directorates and temples but report directly to court. At first Acting Superintendent of the Court of the Imperial Treasury Lin Yan, while inspecting the Inner Storehouse, found imperial carriages, apparel, and countless other goods jumbled together and petitioned to restore the six bureaus of the Palace Domestic Service so that service to the sovereign might be kept in proper order. Thereupon Huizong produced the plan for the Palace Domestic Service drawn up in earlier reigns and ordered the Three Departments to implement it; Yao You, Left Remonstrance Official, determined all its regulations—in 1103. In 1104 Cai Jing submitted the completed statutes, formats, and review summaries for the six bureaus of the Palace Domestic Service and their supply repositories—sixty juan in all—still bearing the Chongning prefix. In 1111 Gao Shen of the Palace Domestic Service submitted the compiled formulas for six-bureau supply. In 1126 an edict ordered the six bureaus to follow ancestral practice. Another edict read: "Now that the six bureaus have been abolished, the myriad annual tribute items still prescribed in the statutes continue to burden the people and are not the ancestral system—abolish them all together."
34
御藥院
Imperial Pharmacy
35
勾當官無常員，以入內內侍充。 掌按驗秘方、以時劑和藥品，以進御及供奉禁中之用。 〈（舊制，勾當御藥院遷官至遙領團練、防禦者，謂之暗轉，干冒恩澤，浸不可止。 嘉祐五年，詔御藥院內臣如當轉出而特留者，俟其出，計所留歲月優遷之，更不許累計所遷資序。 非勾當御藥院而留者，其出更不推恩。）〉 典八人，藥童十一人，匠七人。 〈（崇寧二年，併入殿中省。）〉
Managing officials had no fixed quota and were filled by inner-palace eunuchs of the Palace Domestic Service. It verified secret formulas, compounded medicines on schedule, and supplied drugs for the emperor and the inner palace. Under the old system, when managing officials of the Imperial Pharmacy were promoted to honorary regimental training or defense command ranks, it was called covert promotion; they usurped imperial favor until the abuse could not be checked. In 1060 an edict ruled that inner servants of the Imperial Pharmacy who ought to rotate out but were specially retained would, on departure, receive preferential promotion based on months retained, but cumulative counting of promotion seniority was forbidden. Those retained without serving as managing officials of the Imperial Pharmacy received no preferment on departure.) It had eight custodians, eleven pharmacy boys, and seven artisans. In 1103 it was merged into the Palace Domestic Service.)
36
尚衣庫使副使
Wardrobe Repository chief and deputy
37
舊曰內衣庫，大中祥符三年改。 監官二人，以內侍、三班充，掌駕頭服御繖扇之名物。 凡御殿、大禮前一日，請乘輿袞冕、鎮圭、袍服於禁中以待進御，事已，復還內庫。 典一人，匠四人，掌庫十人。
Formerly the Inner Garments Repository; renamed in 1010. Two supervising officials, drawn from eunuchs and third-rank officers, managed the imperial headgear, apparel, parasols, fans, and other listed regalia. On the day before imperial audiences and great ceremonies, they requisitioned from the inner palace the imperial carriage, robes and crown, jade tablet, and court robes to await presentation; when the ceremony ended, the items were returned to the inner repository. It had one custodian, four artisans, and ten repository keepers.
38
內衣物庫
Inner Garments Repository
39
〈（在文德殿後，太平興國二年，置受納匹段庫，受納綾、錦，西川鹿胎、綾、羅、絹、匹段。 大中祥符元年併入。）〉 監官二人，以京朝官并內侍充， 〈（舊三人，以諸司使、副及三班、內侍充。）〉 掌受納錦綺、綾羅、色帛、銀器、腰束帶料。 造年支，準備衣服，以待頒賜諸王、宗室、文武近臣禁軍將校時服，并給宰臣、親王、皇親、使相生日器幣，兩府臣僚、百官、皇親轉官中謝、朝辭特賜，及大遼諸外國人使辭見銀器、射弓、衣帶。 典八人，掌庫三十一人。
Behind Wende Hall; in 977 a repository for receiving bolts of cloth was established to receive damask, brocade, West Sichuan deerskin-nap, ling, luo, silk, and other bolts. It was merged in 1008.) Two supervising officials, drawn from capital officials and eunuchs, formerly three, filled by commissioners and deputies of various offices, third-rank officers, and eunuchs.) managed receipt of brocades, damasks, luo, colored silks, silver vessels, and waist-sash materials. prepared annual accounts and garments for distribution to princes, imperial clansmen, close civil and military ministers, and palace-guard officers and commanders for seasonal dress; supplied birthday regalia for chief councillors, imperial princes, imperial kin, and envoys of chief rank; granted special gifts at office transfers, thanksgiving audiences, and farewell audiences for both-department officials, all officials, and imperial kin; and furnished silver vessels, bows for archery display, and garments and belts for farewell audiences of envoys from Great Liao and other foreign states. It had eight custodians and thirty-one repository keepers.
40
新衣庫
New Garments Repository
41
〈（在太平坊。）〉 監官二人，以諸司使副、三班及內侍充。 掌受錦綺、雜帛、衣服之物，以備給賜及邦國儀注之用，並受納衣服以賜諸司丁匠、諸軍。 監門二人，以三班使臣充。 典十人，掌庫五十五人。
located in Taiping Ward.) Two supervising officials were drawn from deputy commissioners of various offices, third-rank officers, and eunuchs. received brocades, miscellaneous silks, and garments for bestowals and state ritual use, and also received garments to grant to artisan conscripts of various offices and to the armies. Two gate supervisors were filled by third-rank envoys. It had ten custodians and fifty-five repository keepers.
42
朝服、法物庫
Court Dress and Ritual Objects Repository
43
〈（太平興國二年置，後分三庫：一在天安殿後，一在右掖門內北廊，一在正陽門外。）〉 監官二人，以諸司使、副及三班、內侍充，掌百官朝服、諸司儀仗之名物。 典三人，掌庫三十人。 已上崇寧二年併入殿中省。 〈（舊有裁造院、針線院、雜賣場，後省併之。）〉
Established in 977; later divided into three repositories—one behind Tian'an Hall, one in the north corridor inside the Right Flank Gate, and one outside the Main Yang Gate.) Two supervising officials, drawn from commissioners and deputies of various offices, third-rank officers, and eunuchs, managed court dress for the hundred officials and ritual paraphernalia for the various offices. It had three custodians and thirty repository keepers. All of the above were merged into the Palace Domestic Service in 1103. There had formerly been the Tailoring Court, the Needlework Court, and the Miscellaneous Mart; later they were consolidated.)
44
太常寺卿少卿丞各一人博士四人
The Court of Imperial Sacrifices had one minister, one vice minister, one vice director, and four masters of ceremony.
45
主簿、協律郎、奉禮郎、太祝各一人。 卿掌禮樂、郊廟、社稷、壇壝、陵寢之事，少卿為之貳，丞參領之。 禮之名有五：曰吉禮，曰賓禮，曰軍禮，曰嘉禮，曰凶禮。 皆掌其制度儀式。 祭祀有大祠，有小祠。 其犧牲、幣玉、酒醴、薦獻、器服各辨其等； 掌樂律、樂舞、樂章以定宮架、特架之制，祭祀享則分樂而序之。 凡親祠及四孟月朝獻景靈宮、郊祀告享太廟，掌贊相禮儀升降之節。 歲時朝拜陵寢，則視法式辨具以授祠官。 凡祠事，差官、卜日、齋戒皆檢舉以聞。 初獻用執政官，則卿為終獻，用卿，則少卿為亞獻； 博士為終獻； 闕則以次互攝。 郊祀已，頒御札則撰儀以進。 宮架、鼓吹、警場，率前期按閱即習。 餘祀及朝會、宴享、上壽、封冊之儀物亦如之。 若禮樂有所損益，及祀典、神祀、爵號與封襲、繼嗣之事當考定者，擬上於禮部。 凡太醫之政令，以時頒行。
It had one registrar, one harmonizing pitch officer, one ritual attendant, and one grand sacrificer. The minister oversaw rites and music, suburban and temple sacrifices, altars of soil and grain, ritual precincts, and imperial tombs; the vice minister was second in rank; the vice director assisted. Rites were classified in five kinds: auspicious, guest, military, felicitous, and inauspicious. It regulated the statutes and ceremonial forms for all of them. Sacrificial observances were divided into major and minor offerings. Victims, silk and jade, wines, presentation offerings, and ritual vessels and vestments were each assigned to its proper grade. It governed pitch standards, dance music, and hymn texts to establish the palace-frame and special-frame arrangements; at sacrificial presentations it allotted and sequenced the music. For imperial sacrifices in person, the four first-month offerings at Jingling Palace, and suburban sacrifices announcing offerings at the Imperial Ancestral Temple, it prompted the cadence of ritual ascent and descent. For seasonal visits to imperial tombs, it inspected the prescribed forms, distinguished and prepared what was required, and handed it to the sacrificial officers. For every sacrificial affair—assigning officers, divining the day, and fasting purification—it investigated and reported to court. If a chief councillor made the first offering, the minister made the final offering; if the minister made the first offering, the vice minister made the second offering; the master of ceremony made the final offering; if a post was vacant, officers of lower rank filled in by turns. After a suburban sacrifice, when an imperial directive was issued, it drafted the ritual protocol and submitted it. Palace-frame ensembles, wind-and-drum music, and guard formations were as a rule reviewed and rehearsed on schedule beforehand. Other sacrifices and the ritual objects for court assemblies, banquets, longevity celebrations, and investiture were handled in the same way. If rites and music were to be revised, or if the canon of sacrifice, cults of spirits, titles, enfeoffment, and succession required determination, it drafted proposals to the Ministry of Rites. All ordinances of the Imperial Physicians were promulgated on schedule.
46
宋初，舊置判寺無常員，以兩制以上充，丞一人，以禮官久次官高者充。 別置太常禮院，雖隸本寺，其實專達。 有判院、同知院四人，寺與禮院事不相兼。 康定元年，置判寺、同判寺，始並兼禮院事。 元豐正名，始專其職。 公案五，置吏十有一。 元祐三年，詔太常寺置長貳，他寺監則互置。 紹聖中，復舊制。 大觀元年，應太常寺所被旨及施行典禮事，季輪博士銓次成籍，以備討論。 政和四年令，祠事監察御史闕，則以六曹郎官及館職攝充。 宣和三年，令本寺因革禮五年一檢，舉接續編修。 建炎初，併省冗職，惟太常、大理不並。 詔太常少卿一員兼宗正少卿，罷丞、簿，惟置博士一員。 紹興三年，復置丞。 九年，臣僚言：「元豐正名，太常主議論者博士四人，乞參稽舊典，添置博士，以稱朝廷蒐補闕軼、緝熙彌文之意。」 詔添博士一員。 十年，置簿一員。 十五年，詔太常討論置籍田令，續置太社令。 隆興元年，併省博士一員，主簿一員，又以光祿寺並歸太常，罷丞。 明年，詔丞、簿並依舊制。
Early in the Song a court-assigned director was established without a fixed quota, filled by officials of the two academies and above; one vice director was filled by a senior ritual official of long service. A separate Ritual Academy of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices was also established; though nominally subordinate to the court, in practice it reported directly to the throne. It had four court-assigned directors and associate directors; the court and the academy did not combine their duties. In 1040 court-assigned director and associate director were established, and they first combined the academy's duties with those of the court. At the Yuanfeng rectification of titles in 1085, its officers were first assigned exclusive duties. It had five case desks and eleven clerks. In 1088 an edict required the Court of Imperial Sacrifices to have its own director and deputies, while other courts and directorates were to share theirs in rotation. During the Shaosheng era the former system was restored. In 1107, whenever the Court of Imperial Sacrifices received imperial directives and carried out canonical rites, the doctors each quarter compiled ordered registers for reference and discussion. A directive of 1114 provided that if the surveillance censor for sacrifices was vacant, section chiefs of the six departments and academy fellows would serve in his stead. In 1121 the court was ordered to review changes in ritual every five years and to compile successive revisions without interruption. Early in the Jianyan era redundant posts were cut; only the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and the Court of Justice were left unmerged. An edict directed one vice minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices to double as vice minister of the Court of the Imperial Clan; the vice director and registrar were abolished, and only one master of ceremony was retained. In 1133 the vice director was restored. In 1139 officials memorialized: "After the Yuanfeng rectification of titles the Court of Imperial Sacrifices had four doctors who led deliberation. We ask that the old statutes be consulted and additional doctors appointed, in keeping with the court's aim to gather what is missing, repair what is broken, and ever more brightly adorn the civil order." An edict added one master of ceremony. In 1140 one registrar was established. In 1145 an edict ordered the Court of Imperial Sacrifices to deliberate on establishing a registrar of the royal fields and then to establish a registrar of the Grand Altar of Soil. In 1163 one doctor and one registrar were cut; the Court of Imperial Entertainments was merged into the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, and the vice director was abolished. The following year an edict restored the vice director and registrar under the former system.
47
博士掌講定五禮儀式，有改革則據經審議。 凡於法應諡者，考其行狀，撰定諡文。 有祠事，則監視儀物，掌凡贊導之事。
The master of ceremony lectured on and fixed the ceremonial forms of the five rites; proposed reforms were debated with reference to the classics. For all who by law merited a posthumous title, he examined the conduct record and drafted the epithet. At sacrifices he oversaw ritual objects and directed all prompting and guidance in the rite.
48
主簿，掌稽考簿書。
The registrar audited ledgers and documents.
49
協律郎，掌律、呂以和陰陽之聲，正宮架、特架樂舞之位。 大祭祀享宴用樂，則執麾以詔作止之節，舉麾、鼓柷而樂作； 偃麾、戛敔而樂止。 凡樂，掌其序事。
The harmonizing pitch officer governed the pitch pipes to harmonize yin and yang in sound and fixed the positions of palace-frame and special-frame dance music. At great sacrifices, banquets, and presentations with music, he held the baton to signal when music should begin and cease; when he raised the baton and struck the sounding-block, the music began; when he lowered the baton and struck the clapper, the music ceased. For all musical performances he managed their order and arrangement.
50
奉禮郎，掌奉幣帛授初獻官，大禮則設親祠板位。 太祝，掌讀冊辭，授摶黍以嘏告，飲福則進爵，酌酒受其虛爵。 郊社令，掌巡視四郊及社稷。 壇壝，掌凡掃除之事，祭祀則省牲。 太廟令，掌宗廟薦新七祀及功臣從享之禮。 籍田令，掌帝籍耕耨出納之事，植五穀蔬果，藏冰以待用。 宮闈令，率其屬以汛灑廟庭，凡修治潔除之事。
The ritual attendant presented silk and handed it to the chief presenter; at great rites he set out the panels for sacrifices performed by the emperor in person. The grand sacrificer read the text on the tablets, presented kneaded millet for the blessing invocation; at the drinking of fortune he advanced the cup, poured the wine, and received back the emptied cup. The registrar of suburban and soil altars inspected the four suburbs and the altars of soil and grain. The altar-mound custodian managed sweeping and cleaning; at sacrifices he inspected the victims. The registrar of the Imperial Ancestral Temple managed seasonal offerings, the seven regular sacrifices, and the rites by which meritorious ministers shared in the temple cult. The registrar of the royal fields managed ploughing, cultivation, and receipts and disbursements on the emperor's ceremonial field; he planted the five grains, fruits, and vegetables and stored ice for later use. The registrar of the palace precinct led his staff in sprinkling the temple courts and oversaw all repair, cleansing, and purification.
51
提點管幹郊廟祭器所南郊太廟祭器庫提點朝服法物庫所朝服法物庫南郊什物庫太廟什物庫掌藏其器服，以待祭祀、朝會之用。 凡冠服，視其等而頒於執事之臣。
The intendant managing suburban and temple sacrificial vessels, the southern suburb and Imperial Ancestral Temple sacrificial vessel depots, the intendant of court robes and ritual objects, the court robes and ritual objects depot, the southern suburb sundries depot, and the Imperial Ancestral Temple sundries depot stored ritual vessels and vestments for sacrifices and court assemblies. Caps and robes were issued to officiating ministers according to their rank.
52
教坊及鈐轄教坊所掌宴樂閱習，以待宴享之用，考其藝而進退之。 諸陵祠墳所掌先世后妃之墳園而以時獻享。
The Music Office and the directorate overseeing it rehearsed banquet music for court feasts and assessed performers' skill to promote or dismiss them. The various imperial tomb shrine and grave offices cared for the grave parks of former emperors and consorts and presented offerings on schedule.
53
太醫局
Imperial Medical Bureau
54
有丞，有教授，有九科醫生額三百人。 歲終則會其全失而定其賞罰。 〈（太醫局，熙寧九年置，以知制誥熊本提舉，大理寺丞單驤管幹。 後詔勿隸太常寺，置提舉一、判局二，判局選知醫事者為之。 科置教授一，選翰林醫官以下與上等學生及在外良醫為之。 學生常以春試，取合格者三百人為額。 太學、律學、武學生、諸營將士疾病，輪往治之。 各給印紙，書其狀，歲終稽其功緒，為三等第補之：上等月給錢十五千，毋過二十人； 中等十千，毋過三十人； 下等五千，毋過五十人。 失多者罰黜之。 受兵校錢物者，論如監臨強乞取法。 三學生原預者聽受，而禁邀求者。 又官制行，隸太常禮部，自政和以後，隸醫學，詳見選舉志。）〉 孝宗隆興元年，省併醫官而罷局生。 續以虞允文請，依舊存留醫學科，逐舉附試省試別試所，更不置局，權令太常寺掌行。 紹熙二年，復置太醫局，局生以百員為額，餘並依未罷局前體例，仍隸太常寺。
It had a vice director and instructors, with a quota of three hundred medical students in nine specialties. At year's end it tallied cures and failures and fixed rewards and punishments. (The Imperial Medical Bureau was established in 1076, with Drafting Academician Xiong Ben as intendant and Court of Justice vice director Shan Qiang as managing officer. Later an edict removed it from the Court of Imperial Sacrifices; one intendant and two bureau chiefs were appointed, chosen from those skilled in medicine. One instructor was appointed for each specialty, chosen from Hanlin medical officers, advanced students, and able physicians outside the court. Students were examined each spring; three hundred passes formed the quota. Students of the Directorate of Education, the law school, and the military school, and officers and soldiers of the various camps who fell ill were treated in rotation. Each received stamped forms on which cases were recorded; at year's end merit was audited and stipends ranked in three grades: the top grade received fifteen thousand cash monthly, not more than twenty persons; the middle grade ten thousand, not more than thirty persons; the lower grade five thousand, not more than fifty persons. Those with many failures were punished and dismissed. Those who accepted money or goods from military officers were prosecuted under the law on supervisors who extort by force. Students of the three schools who had prepaid fees might accept payment, but solicitation was forbidden. When the new official system took effect it was placed under the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and the Ministry of Rites; from the Zhenghe era onward it came under the medical school—see the Treatise on Selection for details.) In 1163 under Emperor Xiaozong, medical officers were cut and bureau students were abolished. Later, at Yu Yunwen's request, the medical specialty was retained; each examination cycle it was attached to the separate hall of the metropolitan examinations; the bureau was not reestablished, and the Court of Imperial Sacrifices was temporarily charged with its administration. In 1191 the Imperial Medical Bureau was reestablished with a quota of one hundred bureau students; all else followed the regulations in force before its abolition, and it remained under the Court of Imperial Sacrifices.
55
大晟府
Dasheng Prefecture
56
以大司樂為長，典樂為貳。 次曰大樂令，秩比丞。 次曰主簿、協律郎。 又有按協聲律、制撰文字、運譜等官，以京朝官、選人或白衣士人通樂律者為之。 又以武臣監府門及大樂法物庫，以侍從及內省近侍官提舉。 所典六案； 曰大樂，曰鼓吹，曰宴樂，曰法物，曰知雜，曰掌法。 國朝禮、樂掌於奉常。 崇寧初，置局議大樂； 樂成，置府建官以司之，禮、樂始分為二。 五年二月，因省冗員，併之禮官； 九月，復舊。 大觀四年，以官徒廩給繁厚，省樂令一員、監官二員，吏祿並視太常格。 宣和二年，詔以大晟府近歲添置冗濫徼幸，罷不復再置。
The grandee of music was chief; the director of music was second in rank. Next came the director of great music, with rank equal to a vice director. Below them were the registrar and harmonizing pitch officer. There were also officers who tested and harmonized pitch, drafted texts, and arranged scores, drawn from capital officials, examination candidates, or commoners skilled in musical theory. Military officers supervised the prefecture gate and the great-music ritual objects depot, while attendant officials and inner-palace close attendants served as intendants. It oversaw six case desks: Great Music, Wind and Drum, Banquet Music, Ritual Objects, General Affairs, and Statutory Custody. In our dynasty rites and music were managed by the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. Early in the Chongning era a bureau was established to deliberate on the new court music; when the music was completed, a prefecture was established with its own officers; rites and music were first separated. In the second month of the fifth year redundant posts were cut and it was merged into the ritual offices; in the ninth month the former arrangement was restored. In 1110, because stipends and grain allowances were heavy, one director of music and two supervising officers were cut; clerks' salaries followed the Court of Imperial Sacrifices standard. In 1120 an edict declared that Dasheng Prefecture had in recent years swollen with redundant posts through favor-seeking; it was abolished and never reestablished.
57
宗正寺卿少卿丞
Court of the Imperial Clan: minister, vice minister, vice director
58
主簿各一人。 卿掌敘宗派屬籍，以別昭穆而定其親疏，少卿為之貳，丞參領之。 凡修纂牒、譜、圖、籍，其別有五：曰玉牒，以編年之體敘帝系而記其歷數，凡政令賞罰、封域戶口、豐凶祥瑞之事載焉。 曰屬籍，序同姓之親而第其服紀之戚疏遠近。 曰宗藩慶系錄，辨譜系之所自出，序其子孫而列其名位品秩。 曰僊源積慶圖，考定世次枝分派別而系以本宗。 曰僊源類譜，序男女宗婦族姓婚姻及官爵遷敘而著其功罪、生死。 凡錄以一歲，圖以三歲、牒、譜、籍以十歲修纂以進。 宋初，舊置判寺事二人，以宗姓兩制以上充，闕則以宗姓朝官以上知丞事。 掌奉諸廟諸陵薦享之事，司皇族之籍。 主簿一員，以京官充。 〈（舊自丞、簿以上，皆宗姓為之，通署寺事。 初置卿、少，率命常參官判寺事。 大中祥符八年，以兵部侍郎趙安易兼卿，判寺趙世長改為知寺事。 九年，始定丞、郎以上兼卿，給、捨以下兼少卿，郎中以下兼丞，京官兼主簿。 其卿闕，則丞以下行寺事而無知、判之名。）〉 元豐官制行，詔宗正長貳不專用國姓，蓋自有大宗正司以統皇族也。 渡江後，卿不常置，少卿一人，以太常兼。 紹興三年，復置少卿一人。 五年，復置丞； 十年，置主簿； 隆興元年並省。 次年，詔丞、簿復舊制。 嘉定九年，詔以宗學改隸宗正寺，自此寺官又預校試之事。 分案二； 曰屬籍，曰知雜。 吏額，胥長一人，胥史一人，胥佐二人，楷書二人，貼書二人。
Each office had one registrar. The minister arranged clan branches and membership registers to distinguish senior and junior lines and fix degrees of kinship; the vice minister was second in rank; the vice director assisted. Registers, genealogies, charts, and records fell into five kinds: the Jade Genealogy, which narrated the imperial line in annalistic form and recorded reign lengths, entering edicts, rewards and punishments, territory, households, and reports of abundance, calamity, and auspicious signs. the Membership Register, which ordered kin of the same surname and ranked them by the closeness or distance of mourning obligations. the Record of Felicitous Lines of Enfeoffed Princes, which traced genealogical origins, ordered descendants, and listed names, offices, and ranks. the Chart of Accumulated Felicity from the Immortal Source, which verified generations, branches, and subdivisions and linked them to the main imperial line. the Genealogical Compendium of the Immortal Source, which ordered men and women, clan wives, surnames, and marriages, set forth the promotion and demotion of offices and ranks, and recorded merits and faults, life and death. As a rule, registers were revised every year, charts every three years, and tablets, genealogies, and membership records every ten years, then compiled and presented. In early Song two supervisors of court affairs had formerly been established, filled by members of the imperial clan at drafted-edict rank and above; when a post was vacant, a clan member at court-official rank and above managed vice-director duties. They oversaw offerings at all temples and tombs and maintained the registers of the imperial clan. There was one registrar, filled by a capital official. (Formerly from the vice director and registrar upward, all were of the imperial clan surname and jointly signed court business. When the minister and vice minister were first established, regularly attending court officials were generally ordered to supervise court affairs. In 1015 Vice Minister of War Zhao Anyi was made concurrent minister; Zhao Shichang, who had supervised the court, was redesignated manager of court affairs. In 1016 it was first fixed that vice directors and drafting officials and above would concurrently serve as minister, drafters and revisers and below as vice minister, department directors and below as vice director, and capital officials as registrar. When the minister was vacant, vice directors and below conducted court business without the titles of manager or supervisor.) When the Yuanfeng offices took effect, an edict directed that the chief and deputy ministers of the Court of the Imperial Clan need not be exclusively of the imperial surname, for the Office of the Great Clan Patriarch already governed the imperial clan. After the crossing south, the minister was not regularly appointed; one vice minister served concurrently from the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. In 1133 one vice minister was again established. In 1135 the vice director was restored; in 1140 the registrar was established; In 1163 all were merged and abolished. The following year an edict restored the vice director and registrar to the former system. In 1216 an edict placed the Clan School under the Court of the Imperial Clan; from then on its officials also took part in examination affairs. There were two sections; Membership Registers, and Miscellaneous Affairs. The staff quota was one senior clerk, one clerk, two clerk-assistants, two regular-script copyists, and two paste-up copyists.
59
大宗正司
Office of the Great Clan Patriarch
60
景祐三年始制司，以皇兄寧江軍節度使濮王知大宗正事，皇姪彰化軍節度觀察留後守節同知大宗正事，元豐正名，仍置知及同知官各一人，選宗室團練、觀察使以上有德望者充； 丞二人，以文臣京朝官以上充。 掌糾合族屬而訓之以德行、道藝，受其詞訟而糾正其愆違，有罪則先劾以聞； 法例不能決者，同上殿取裁。 若宮邸官因事出入，日書於籍，季終類奏。 歲錄存亡之數報宗正寺。 凡宗室服屬遠近之數及其賞罰規式，皆總之。
In 1036 the office was first established: the emperor's elder brother, Prince Pu, military commissioner of Ningjiang Circuit, was appointed to know patriarchal affairs of the great clan; his nephew Shoujie, military commissioner and observation commissioner of Zhanghua Circuit with retention, was appointed co-manager. At Yuanfeng the formal name was fixed, with one knowing director and one co-manager, chosen from deserving imperial clansmen at regimental commissioner and observation commissioner rank and above; two vice directors, filled by civil officials at metropolitan court-official rank and above. They rallied the kindred, instructed them in virtue, conduct, and the arts of the Way, received their lawsuits and corrected transgressions, and when there was guilt first impeached and reported; cases that statutes and precedents could not decide were taken up to the throne together for judgment. When palace-resident officials went out on business, it was entered daily in a register and submitted by category at quarter's end. Each year they recorded numbers of the living and dead and reported to the Court of the Imperial Clan. All degrees of imperial-clan kinship and the rules for rewards and punishments were under their general charge.
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官屬有記室一人，掌箋奏； 講書、教授十有二人，分位講授，兼領小學之事。 舊制，擇宗室賢者為知大宗正事，次一人為同知； 其後，位高屬尊者為判。 熙寧三年，始以異姓朝臣二員知丞事，置局為睦親、廣親宅。 是歲省管幹睦親、廣親宅及提舉郡、縣主等它官，以其事歸宗正。 〈（自熙寧中置丞，始以都官員外郎張稚圭為之。 神宗疑用異姓，王安石言：前代宗正固有用庶姓者，乃錄春秋時公侯大夫事。 神宗曰：「此雖無前代故事，行之何害？」 安石曰：「聖人創法，不必皆循前代所已行者。」 於是召稚圭對而命之。）〉 分案五，置吏十有一。 元豐五年，詔大宗正司不隸六曹，其丞屬中書省奏差。 元祐四年，詔宗室越本司訴事者罪之。 六年，詔宗正按熙寧敕諸院建小學，自八歲至十四歲，首檢舉入學。 紹聖元年，詔袒免外兩世孤遺貧乏者，驗實廩給之。 四年，詔宗室若婦女自外還京，並報宗正，崇寧三年，詔大宗正及外宗正司將條貫事跡關宗正寺，修纂圖牒。 政和三年，詔以知大宗正事仲忽提舉宗子學事。
Among the staff was one recorder, who managed memorials and submissions; twelve lecturers and instructors divided posts to lecture and also oversaw primary-school affairs. Under the old system, worthy imperial clansmen were chosen to know patriarchal affairs of the great clan, with one next in rank as co-manager; later, one of higher rank and senior kinship served as supervisor. In 1070 two court officials of other surnames were first appointed to manage vice-director duties, and bureaus were established as the Lodgings of Kinship and the Lodgings of Broad Kinship. That year the superintendents of the Lodgings of Kinship and Broad Kinship and other offices such as commissioners over commandery and county princesses were abolished, and their duties returned to the Court of the Imperial Clan. (From the Xining period, when vice directors were first established, Zhang Zhigui, vice director of the Office of Revenue, was appointed. Shenzong doubted employing men of other surnames; Wang Anshi said that in earlier ages the Court of the Imperial Clan had indeed sometimes used commoners, and recorded affairs of dukes, marquises, grandees, and grandees from the Spring and Autumn Annals. Shenzong said, "Although there is no precedent from earlier ages, what harm is there in carrying it out?" Wang Anshi said, "When sages create institutions, they need not all follow what earlier ages already did." Thereupon Zhigui was summoned for audience and appointed.) There were five sections and eleven clerks. In 1082 an edict directed that the Office of the Great Clan Patriarch not be subordinate to the Six Ministries; its vice directors were to be memorialized and appointed by the Secretariat-Chancellery. In 1089 an edict punished imperial clansmen who bypassed this office to bring suit. In 1091 an edict directed the Court of the Imperial Clan, following the Xining charter, to establish primary schools at each residence; children from eight to fourteen were first selected and enrolled. In 1094 an edict directed grain allowance, after verification, for the isolated poor bereft two generations beyond bareheaded mourning. In 1097 an edict required imperial clansmen and women returning to the capital from outside to report to the Court of the Imperial Clan. In 1104 an edict directed the Office of the Great Clan Patriarch and the outer patriarch offices to compile charts and registers of regulations and deeds relating to the Court of the Imperial Clan. In 1113 an edict directed Zhong Hu, who knew patriarchal affairs of the great clan, to superintend the school for imperial sons.
62
崇寧三年，置南外宗正司於南京，西外宗正司於西京，各置敦宗院，初，講議司言：「宗室疏屬原居兩京輔郡者，各置敦宗院，其兩京各置外宗正司。」 從之。 仍詔各擇宗室之賢者一人為知宗，掌外居宗室，詔復定宗學博士、正錄員數。 大觀四年罷，政和二年復舊。 又詔敦宗院宗子有文藝、行實眾所共知者，許外宗正官考察以聞。
In 1104 the Southern Outer Office of the Great Clan Patriarch was established at Nanjing and the Western Outer at Xijing, each with a Cherishing Clan Hall. Initially the Deliberation Office said, "Distant imperial clansmen who originally dwelt in the two capitals and auxiliary commanderies should each have a Cherishing Clan Hall, and each capital should have an outer Office of the Great Clan Patriarch." The proposal was adopted. An edict also directed that in each place one worthy imperial clansman be chosen as director of the clan to govern clansmen residing outside the capital, and the numbers of academy doctors and chief registrars of the clan school were re-fixed. In 1110 it was abolished; in 1112 the old system was restored. Another edict allowed outer patriarch officials to examine and report sons of the clan in the Cherishing Clan Hall whose literary skill and conduct were known to all.
63
中興後，以位高屬尊者為判大宗正事，其知及同知如舊制。 又置知大宗正丞一員，以文臣充，掌糾合宗室而檢防訓飭之。 凡南班宗室磨勘、遷轉、襲封、請給，覈其當否； 嫁娶房奩、分析財產，酌厚薄多寡而訂其議。 凡宗室除合該賜名外，皆大宗正定名而後報宗正寺。 其餘遷授官資、支給錢米，考覈以詔予奪。 其不率教者以法拘之，歲久知悔，則除其過名。 復直南外宗正司、西外宗正司，以處宗室之在外者。 各仍舊制設敦宗院，皆設知宗，所在通判職官兼丞、簿，其糾合、檢防、訓飭如大宗正司。 西、南外兩司闕知宗，間令大宗正司選擇保明而後授之。 又各置教授以課其行藝。 南渡初，先徙宗室於江、淮，於是大宗正司移江寧，南外移鎮江，西外移揚州。 其後屢徙，後西外止於福州，南外止於泉州； 又置紹興府宗正司，蓋初隨其所寓而分管轄之。 乾道七年，嘗欲移紹興府宗司於蜀，不果，後並歸行在。 嘉定間，用臣僚言，乞凡除授知宗，須擇老成更練之人。 詔知宗正丞照百司例每日入局所，以示增重宗盟之意。
After the restoration, one of higher rank and senior kinship served as supervisor of patriarchal affairs of the great clan; the knowing director and co-manager followed the old system. One vice director knowing patriarchal affairs of the great clan was also established, filled by a civil official, to rally the imperial clan and inspect, guard, and admonish them. For all southern-bureau imperial-clan merit reviews, transfers, succession to enfeoffment, and requests for grants, they verified whether the matter was appropriate; for marriage trousseaux and division of property, they weighed more or less and settled the dispute. Except where imperial clansmen should by rule receive granted names, all names were fixed by the Office of the Great Clan Patriarch and then reported to the Court of the Imperial Clan. Other promotions, salary grades, and disbursements of cash and grain were examined, then granted or withheld by edict. Those who did not follow instruction were restrained by law; when after many years they showed repentance, the record of offense was removed. The Southern and Western outer Offices of the Great Clan Patriarch were restored to house imperial clansmen outside the capital. Each still set up Cherishing Clan Halls as in the old system, all with directors of the clan; local general controllers concurrently served as vice directors and registrars, with rallying, inspection, and admonishment as in the Office of the Great Clan Patriarch. When the western and southern outer offices lacked a director of the clan, the Office of the Great Clan Patriarch was sometimes ordered to choose, vouch, and then appoint. Instructors were also established in each place to examine their conduct and arts. At the start of the southern crossing, imperial clansmen were first moved to the Yangtze and Huai regions; then the Office of the Great Clan Patriarch moved to Jiangning, the southern outer to Zhenjiang, and the western outer to Yangzhou. They were moved repeatedly thereafter; later the western outer settled at Fuzhou and the southern outer at Quanzhou; an Office of the Imperial Clan at Shaoxing Prefecture was also established, at first to govern according to where clansmen resided. In 1171 they once wished to move the Shaoxing prefectural clan office to Shu; the plan failed, and later all were merged back to the traveling palace. During the Jiading period, following officials' memorial, it was requested that all appointments as director of the clan select persons experienced and seasoned in years. An edict directed the vice director knowing patriarchal affairs of the great clan to enter the office daily like the hundred bureaus, to show increased weight to the imperial kindred.
64
玉牒所
Jade Genealogy Office
65
淳化六年，始設局置官，詔以皇宋玉牒為名，建玉牒殿。 咸平初，命趙安易、梁周翰編屬籍，始創規制。 大中祥符六年，以知制誥劉筠、夏竦為修玉牒官，自後置一員或二員。 元豐官制行，分隸宗正寺官。 寺丞王鞏奏：「玉牒十年一進，並以學士典領。 自熙寧中范鎮進書之後，神宗玉牒至今未修。 僊源類譜自慶曆中張方平修進之後，僅五十年，並無成書。 乞別立法，其修玉牒及類譜官，每二年一具草繳進。」 從之。 紹聖三年，應宗室賜名，三祖下各隨祖宗之支子而下，雖兄弟數多，並為一字相連。 南渡後，紹興十二年，始建玉牒所。 提舉一人或二人，以宰相執政為之，以侍從官一人兼修，宗正卿、少而下同修纂。 先是，宗正寺丞邵大受奏：「講求宗正寺舊掌之書，曰皇帝玉牒，曰仙源積慶圖，曰宗藩慶系錄，曰宗支屬籍。 南渡四書散失，今重加修纂仙源慶系屬籍總要，合圖、錄、屬籍三者而一之，既無愧於昔矣； 獨玉牒一書未修，宜搜訪討論，以正九族，以壯本支。」 於是始置官如舊制，分案五，置吏十。 乾道八年，詔玉牒殿主管香火，差內侍三員、武臣一員充，並改作幹辦玉牒所殿。
In 995 the bureau was first established with officials; an edict took Imperial Song Jade Genealogy as the name and built the Jade Genealogy Hall. At the start of the Xianping period, Zhao Anyi and Liang Zhouhan were ordered to compile the membership register, first creating regulations. In 1013 drafting-on-call Liu Yun and Xia Song were made jade genealogy compilers; thereafter one or two posts were kept. When the Yuanfeng offices took effect, they were placed under officials of the Court of the Imperial Clan. Court vice director Wang Gong memorialized, "The jade genealogy is submitted every ten years, always overseen by academicians. Since Fan Zhen presented his book in the Xining period, Shenzong's jade genealogy has to this day not been revised. The Genealogical Compendium of the Immortal Source, since Zhang Fangping revised and presented it in the Qingli period, had for nearly fifty years produced no completed book. I request separate legislation: compilers of the jade genealogy and classified genealogy should every two years submit a draft." The request was adopted. In 1096, responding to imperial-clan name grants, under each of the three founding ancestors sons descended by branch; though brothers were many, all names were linked by one character. After the southern crossing, in 1142 the Jade Genealogy Office was first established. One or two superintendents were held by chancellors in government; one attendant-in-waiting concurrently revised; from the minister of the Court of the Imperial Clan downward all jointly compiled. Earlier, Court of the Imperial Clan vice director Shao Dashou memorialized, "Examining books formerly held by the Court of the Imperial Clan: the Emperor's Jade Genealogy, the Chart of Accumulated Felicity from the Immortal Source, the Record of Felicitous Lines of Enfeoffed Princes, and the Membership Register of Clan Branches. The four books were scattered and lost in the southern crossing; now the Essential Summary of Immortal Source Felicitous Lines and Membership is newly compiled, combining chart, record, and register in one—without shame to the past; only the jade genealogy remains unrevised; it is fitting to search and discuss it, to rectify the nine kindreds and strengthen the root branch." Thereupon officials were established as in the old system, with five sections and ten clerks. In 1172 an edict directed the Jade Genealogy Hall to manage incense offerings, with three inner attendants and one military official appointed, and the name changed to Office of the Jade Genealogy Hall.
66
光祿寺卿少卿丞
Court of Imperial Entertainments: minister, vice minister, vice director
67
主簿各一人。 卿掌祭祀、朝會、宴鄉酒醴膳羞之事，修其儲備而謹其出納之政，少卿為之貳，丞參領之。 凡祭祀，共五齊、三酒、牲牢、鬱鬯及尊彝、籩豆、簠簋、鼎俎、鉶登之實，前期飭有司辦具牲鑊，視滌濯，奉牲則告充告各，共其明水火焉。 禮畢，進胙於天子而頒於百執事之人。 分案五，置吏十。 元祐三年，詔長貳互置。 政和六年二月，監察御史王桓奏：「祭祀牢醴之具掌於光祿，而寺官未嘗臨視，請大祠以長貳、朔祭及中祠以丞簿監視宰割，禮畢頒胙，有故及小祠，聽以其屬攝。」 從之。 舊置判寺事一人，以朝官以上充。 光祿卿、少，皆為寄祿。 元豐制行，始歸本寺。 中興後，廢併入禮部。
Each office had one registrar. The minister managed sacrifices, court assemblies, banquets, village libations, food, drink, and delicacies, maintaining stores and carefully governing disbursement and receipt; the vice minister was second in rank; the vice director assisted. For all sacrifices they jointly supplied the five graded preparations, three wines, sacrificial victims, aromatic wine, and the filling of ritual vessels—zun and yi, baskets and stands, grain vessels, tripods and trays, and meat stands; beforehand they ordered the relevant offices to prepare cauldrons and victims, inspected washing, and when presenting victims reported fullness to each, jointly supplying clear water and fire. When the rite was complete, sacrificial meat was presented to the Son of Heaven and distributed to the hundred officers. There were five sections and ten clerks. In 1088 an edict directed the chief and deputy ministers to serve alternately. In the second month of 1116 investigating censor Wang Huan memorialized, "Sacrificial victims and libations are in the charge of the Court of Imperial Entertainments, yet court officials have never personally inspected them. For great sacrifices let the chief and deputy ministers, for new-moon and medium sacrifices let the vice director and registrar supervise slaughter; when the rite is complete distribute sacrificial meat; in cases of urgency and for small sacrifices, subordinates may act in proxy." The memorial was adopted. Formerly one supervisor of court affairs was established, filled by court officials and above. The minister and vice minister of the Court of Imperial Entertainments were all salary-conferring sinecures. When the Yuanfeng reforms took effect, full jurisdiction returned to the Court of Imperial Entertainments. After the restoration it was abolished and merged into the Ministry of Rites.
68
太官令
Director of the Grand Provisioner
69
掌膳羞割烹之事。 凡供進膳羞，則辨其名物，而視食之宜，謹其水火之齊。 祭祀共明水、明火，割牲取毛血牲體，以為鼎俎之實。 朝會宴享，則供其酒膳。 凡給賜，視其品秩而為之等。 元祐初，罷太官令。 二年復置。 〈（崇寧三年，置尚食局，太官令惟掌祠事。）〉
He oversaw delicacies, cutting, and cooking. For all food presented at court, he identified each item by name, judged what was suitable to eat, and carefully regulated cooking times and heat. At sacrifices he jointly supplied clear water and sacred fire, cut the victims, took hair, blood, and flesh, and prepared the fillings for tripods and trays. At court assemblies and banquets he supplied wine and meals. For all grants and gifts, he set grades according to official rank. In 1086 the post of Director of the Grand Provisioner was abolished. It was restored in 1087. (In 1104 the Bureau of Imperial Food was established; the Director of the Grand Provisioner managed only sacrificial affairs.)
70
法酒庫內酒坊
Standard Wine Storehouse; Inner Wine Brewery
71
掌以式法授酒材，視其厚薄之齊，而謹其出納之政。 若造酒以待供進及祭祀，給賜，則法酒庫掌之； 凡祭祀，供五齊三酒，以實尊罍。 內酒坊惟造酒，以待餘用。
They dispensed brewing materials by statutory formula, regulated thickness and strength, and carefully governed disbursement and receipt. Wine brewed for court presentation, sacrifices, and grants was managed by the Standard Wine Storehouse; For all sacrifices they supplied the five graded preparations and three wines to fill the ritual zun and lei vessels. The Inner Wine Brewery brewed only for other uses.
72
太官物料庫掌預備膳食薦羞之物，以供太官之用，辨其名數而會其出入。
The Grand Provisioner Materials Storehouse prepared meals and delicacies for the Grand Provisioner's use, identified each item by kind and number, and tallied disbursements and receipts.
73
翰林司掌供果實及茶茗湯藥。
The Hanlin Provisioners Office supplied fruits, tea, broths, and medicines.
74
牛羊司、牛羊供應所掌供大中小祀之牲牷及太官宴享膳羞之用。
The Cattle and Sheep Office and the Cattle and Sheep Supply Depot supplied sacrificial oxen for great, medium, and small sacrifices and delicacies for the Grand Provisioner's banquets.
75
乳酪院掌供造酥酪。
The Dairy Court supplied butter and cheese.
76
油醋庫掌供油及鹽胾。
The Oil and Vinegar Storehouse supplied oil and pickled meats.
77
外物料庫掌收儲米、鹽、雜物以待膳食之須。 凡百司頒給者取具焉。
The External Materials Storehouse stored rice, salt, and miscellaneous goods against the needs of the kitchen. All agencies drawing allotments obtained their supplies there.
78
衛尉寺卿少卿丞
Court of the Imperial Insignia: minister, vice minister, vice director
79
主簿各一人。 卿掌儀衛兵械、甲胃之政令，少卿為之貳，丞參領之。 凡內外作坊輸納兵器，則辨其名數、驗其良窳以歸於武庫，不如式者罰之。 時其曝涼而封籍其數，若進御及頒給，則按籍而出之。 每季委官檢視，歲終上計帳於兵部。 掌凡幄帟之事，大禮設帷宮，張大次、小次，陳鹵簿儀仗。 長貳晝夜巡徼，察其不如儀者，押仗官則前期稟差。 凡仗衛，供羽儀、節鉞、金鼓、棨戟，朝宴亦如之。 宴享賓客，供幕帟、茵席，視其敝者移少府、軍器監修焉。 舊制，判寺事一人，以郎官以上充。 凡武庫、武器歸內庫，守宮歸儀鸞司，本寺無所掌。 元豐官制行，始歸本寺。 分案四，置吏十。 元祐三年、詔長貳互置。 所隸官司十有三：內弓箭庫、南外庫、軍器弓槍庫、軍器弩劍箭庫，掌藏兵杖、器械、甲胃，以備軍國之用。 儀鸞司，掌供幕帟供帳之事。 軍器什物庫、宣德樓什物庫，掌收貯什物，給用則按籍而頒之。 左右金吾街司、左右金吾仗司、六軍儀仗司，掌清道、徼巡、排列，奉引儀仗以肅禁衛。 凡儀物以時修飭，選募人兵而校其遷補之事。
Each office had one registrar. The minister managed regulations for ceremonial guard weapons and armor; the vice minister was second in rank; the vice director assisted. When inner and outer workshops delivered weapons, officials identified each item, inspected quality before entry into the armory, and penalized goods that failed to meet specifications. They scheduled airing and drying, sealed registers of quantities, and for imperial use and grants issued items strictly according to the register. Each quarter they delegated officials to inspect stores; at year's end they submitted accounts to the Ministry of War. They managed all awnings and curtains; for great rites they erected the palatial tent, raised the great and small canopies, and arrayed the insignia guard and ceremonial arms. The chief and deputy ministers patrolled day and night and observed breaches of protocol; escort officers reported their assignments in advance. For the guard of honor they supplied regalia, batons of authority, gongs and drums, and halberds; court banquets were supplied likewise. For banquets entertaining guests they supplied curtains and mats; worn items were sent to the Directorate of the Palace Stores and the Directorate of Armaments for repair. Under the old system one supervisor of court affairs was appointed, filled by a bureau director or higher. The armory and weapons belonged to the inner storehouse, palace guard to the Ceremonial Parasols Office, and this court had no jurisdiction. When the Yuanfeng official system took effect, full jurisdiction returned to the Court of the Imperial Insignia. There were four sections and ten clerks. In 1088 an edict directed the chief and deputy ministers to serve alternately. It had thirteen subordinate offices: the Inner Bow Storehouse, South Outer Storehouse, Armaments Bow and Spear Storehouse, and Armaments Crossbow, Sword, and Arrow Storehouse, which stored weapons, implements, and armor for state and army use. The Ceremonial Parasols Office supplied curtains and camp furnishings. The Armaments Sundries Storehouse and the Xuande Tower Sundries Storehouse stored sundries and issued them according to the register when needed. The Left and Right Golden Guard Street Offices, Left and Right Golden Guard Escort Offices, and Six Armies Ceremonial Guard Office cleared the roads, patrolled, arrayed ranks, and led the ceremonial guard to maintain palace security. They maintained regalia on schedule, recruited guardsmen, and regulated their promotion and replacement.
80
中興後，衛尉寺廢，併入工部。
After the restoration the Court of the Imperial Insignia was abolished and merged into the Ministry of Works.
81
太僕寺卿少卿丞
Court of the Imperial Stud: minister, vice minister, vice director
82
主簿各一人。 卿掌車輅、廄牧之令，少卿為之貳，丞參領之。 國有大禮，供其輦輅、屬車，前期戒有司教閱象馬。 凡儀仗既陳，則巡視其行列。 后妃、親王、公主、執政官應給車乘者，視品秩而頒之。 總國之馬政，籍京都坊監、畿甸牧地畜馬之數，謹其飼養，察其治療，考蕃息損耗之實，而定其賞罰焉，死則斂其騣尾、筋革入於官府。 凡閱馬，差次其高下，應給賜則如格。 歲終鉤覆帳籍，以上駕部。 若有事於南北郊，侍中請降輿升輅，則卿授綏。 舊置判寺事一人。 以朝官以上充。 凡邦國廄牧、車輿之政令，分隸群牧司、騏驥院諸坊監，本寺但掌天子五輅、屬車，后妃、王公車輅，給大中小祀羊。 元豐官制行，始歸本寺。 分案五，置吏十有八，總局十有二。 元祐二年，詔外監事，令本寺依群牧司舊法施行； 應內外馬事專隸太僕，直達樞密院，更不經尚書省及駕部。 三年，詔省主簿一員。 崇寧二年，詔太僕寺依舊制不治外事，歸尚書駕部； 應馬事，上樞密院所隸官司。
Each office had one registrar. The minister managed regulations for chariots and stud pastures; the vice minister was second in rank; the vice director assisted. When the state held a great rite, they supplied imperial chariots and attendant vehicles; beforehand they ordered the relevant offices to drill elephants and horses. Once the ceremonial guard was arrayed, they inspected its ranks. For empresses, imperial princes, princesses, and chief ministers entitled to carriages, allotments were made according to rank. They oversaw national horse policy, registered horses kept at capital studs and pastures in the capital region, supervised feeding and treatment, assessed breeding gains and losses, and fixed rewards and punishments; when horses died they collected mane, tail, sinew, and hide for the government. At horse inspections they graded quality; grants followed the regulations. At year's end they audited the registers and submitted them to the Carriage Office. When rites were held at the southern and northern suburban altars and the attendant-in-chief asked to descend the carriage and mount the chariot, the minister presented the handhold. Formerly one supervisor of court affairs was appointed. The post was filled by a court official or higher. National stud and chariot regulations were divided among the Herd Office and the Fine Steeds courtyards and various studs; this court managed only the Son of Heaven's five chariots and attendant vehicles, chariots for consorts and princes, and sheep for great, medium, and small sacrifices. When the Yuanfeng official system took effect, full jurisdiction returned to the Court of the Imperial Stud. There were five sections, eighteen clerks, and twelve supervising offices. In 1087 an edict on external stud affairs directed this court to implement them according to the Herd Office's former methods; All horse affairs, inner and outer, were placed solely under the Court of the Imperial Stud, reporting directly to the Bureau of Military Affairs and no longer passing through the Secretariat or the Carriage Office. In 1088 an edict cut one registrar post. In 1103 an edict directed the Court of the Imperial Stud, per the old system, not to manage external affairs and to return them to the Secretariat's Carriage Office; Horse affairs were referred to the offices subordinate to the Bureau of Military Affairs.
83
車輅院掌乘輿、法物，凡大駕、法駕、小駕供輦輅及奉引屬車，辨其名數與陳列先後之序。
The Chariot Courtyard managed imperial carriages and regalia; for the great, legal, and small escorts it supplied chariots and attendant vehicles and set their names, numbers, and order of array.
84
左、右騏驥院左、右天駟監掌國馬，別其駑良，以待軍國之用。
The Left and Right Fine Steeds courtyards and the Left and Right Heavenly Horse studs managed national horses, separating draft from fine stock for state and army use.
85
鞍轡庫應奉御馬鞍勒，及以韉轡給賜臣下。
The Saddlery Storehouse supplied imperial horse saddles and bridles and granted tack to officials.
86
養象所掌調御馴象。
The Elephant Training Office trained and tamed elephants.
87
駝坊車營致遠務掌分養雜畜，以供負載般運。
The Camel Yard and the Transport Service Yard separately raised pack animals for carrying loads and transport.
88
牧養上下監
Upper and Lower Pasturage studs
89
掌治療病馬及申駒數，有耗失則送皮剝所。 元豐末，廢畿內牧馬監。 元祐初，置左、右天廄坊，聽民間承佃牧地。 紹聖元年，依元豐法置孳生監。
They treated sick horses and reported foal counts; losses were sent to the hide-processing office. Late in the Yuanfeng era, horse studs within the capital region were abolished. In 1086 the Left and Right Heavenly Stud courtyards were established, allowing civilians to lease pasture land. In 1094 breeding studs were established according to Yuanfeng law.
90
中興後，廢太僕寺，併入兵部。
After the restoration the Court of the Imperial Stud was abolished and merged into the Ministry of War.
91
群牧司
Herd Office
92
制置使一人，景德四年置，以樞密使、副為之。 至道三年，罷而復置。 使一人，咸平三年置，以兩省以上官充； 副便一人，以閤門以上及內侍都知充。 都監二人，以諸司使以上充。 判官二人，以京朝官充。 掌內外廄牧之事，周知國馬之政，而察其登耗焉。 凡受宣詔、文牒，則以時下於院、監。 大事則制置使同簽署，小事則專遣其副使，都監多不備置，判官、都監每歲更出諸州巡坊監，點印國馬之蕃息者。 又有左、右廂提點，隸本司。 都勾押官一人，勾押官一人，押司官一人。
One commissioner-in-chief was established in 1007, filled by the censor-in-chief and vice censor-in-chief. In 997 it was abolished and then restored. One director was established in 1000, filled by an official of the two departments or higher; One deputy commissioner was filled from the Gate office and above and from directors of the inner service. Two chief inspectors were filled by commissioners of the various offices and above. Two reviewing officers were filled by capital officials. They managed inner and outer stud affairs, were thoroughly informed of national horse policy, and observed gains and losses. Whenever they received imperial edicts and documents, they transmitted them in timely fashion to the courtyards and studs. Great affairs were co-signed by the commissioner-in-chief; small affairs were handled by the deputy alone; chief inspectors were often not fully staffed; each year reviewing officers and chief inspectors rotated through the provinces inspecting studs and checking seals on national horse breeding. There were also left and right wing intendant-supervisors subordinate to this office. There was one chief clerk, one clerk, and one document clerk.
93
鞍轡庫使副使
Saddlery Storehouse: commissioner, deputy commissioner
94
監官二人，以諸司副使及三班使臣、內侍充。 掌御馬金玉鞍勒，及給賜王公、群臣、外國使并國信韉轡之名物。 勾管一人，典五人，掌庫十四人。
Two superintendents were filled by deputy commissioners, third-rank envoys, and inner attendants. They managed gold and jade saddles and bridles for imperial horses and granted tack to princes, ministers, foreign envoys, and state-credentialed missions. There was one overseer, five clerks, and fourteen storehouse keepers.
95
元豐併入太僕寺。
Under the Yuanfeng reforms it was merged into the Court of the Imperial Stud.