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職官六
Official Posts, Part Six
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○殿前司侍衛親軍環衛官皇城司三衛官客省引進四方館東西上閣門帶禦器械人內內侍省內侍省開封府臨安府河南應天府次府節度使承宣觀察防禦等使
○ Bureau of the Palace Command; Imperial Guard; Palace Guard ranks; Imperial City Bureau; Three Guards offices; Reception Bureau; Introduction Bureau; Four Directions Hostel; Eastern and Western Upper Gate offices; bearers of imperial arms; Inner Palace; Inner Palace Service; Kaifeng Prefecture; Lin'an Prefecture; Henan, Yingtian, and secondary prefectures; military commissioners; and commissioners of promotion, observation, defense, and the like.
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【殿前司】都指揮使、副都指揮使、都虞候各一人。 掌殿前諸班直及步騎諸指揮之名籍，凡統製、訓練、番衛、戍守、遷補、賞罰，皆總其政令。 而有都點檢、副都點檢之名，在都指揮之上，後不復置，入則侍衛殿陛，出則扈從乘輿，大禮則提點編排，整肅禁衛鹵簿儀仗，掌宿衛之事，都指揮使以節度使為之。 而副都指揮使、都虞候以刺史以上充。 資序淺則主管本司公事，馬步軍亦如之。 備則通治，闕則互攝。 凡軍事皆行以法，而治其獄訟。 若情不中法，則稟奏聽旨。
Bureau of the Palace Command: there was one commander-in-chief, one vice commander-in-chief, and one chief inspector. They kept the registers of all palace detachments and direct units and of all cavalry and infantry commands, and oversaw every matter of command, training, guard rotation, garrison duty, promotion and transfer, and rewards and punishments. There had also been the posts of chief inspector and vice chief inspector, ranking above the commander-in-chief, but these were later abolished. Within the palace they attended the throne hall; abroad they escorted the imperial carriage. On state ceremonies they supervised arrangements and kept the forbidden guard, insignia, and ceremonial regalia in order, and they managed palace night-watch duty. The commander-in-chief was normally a military commissioner. The vice commander-in-chief and chief inspector were drawn from officials of prefectural commissioner rank or higher. When seniority was relatively low, an officer would supervise the bureau's routine business; the cavalry and infantry commands followed the same practice. When all posts were filled they governed jointly; when one was vacant they covered for one another. All military affairs were handled according to law, and they also adjudicated lawsuits within the command. If the facts did not fit the statute, they reported upward and awaited the emperor's decision.
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騎軍有殿前指揮使、內殿直、散員、散指揮、散都頭、散祗候、金槍班、東西班、散直、鈞容直及捧日以下諸軍指揮，步軍有禦龍直、骨朵子直、弓箭直、弩直及天武以下諸軍指揮。 諸班有都都虞候指揮使、都軍使、都知、副都知、押班。 禦龍諸直，有四直都虞候，本直各有虞候、指揮使、副指揮使、都頭、副都頭、十將、將虞候。 騎軍、步軍，有捧日、天武左右四廂都指揮使，捧日、天武左右廂各有都指揮使。 每軍有都指揮使、都虞候，每指揮有指揮使、副指揮使，每都有軍使、副兵馬使、十將、將虞候、承局、押官，各以其職隸於殿前司。
Among the cavalry were the Palace Command detachment, Inner Hall Direct, scattered personnel, scattered commanders, scattered company heads, scattered attendants, the Golden Spear Company, the Eastern and Western Classes, scattered direct service, Tuned Containment Direct, and all commands from Sun-bearer downward; among the infantry were Imperial Dragon Direct, Mace Direct, Bow Direct, Crossbow Direct, and all commands from Heaven's Martial downward. Each detachment had its chief-of-chiefs inspector-commander, army commander, chief steward, vice chief steward, and escort shift leader. The Imperial Dragon direct units had a chief inspector over all four direct units; each direct unit in turn had its inspector, commander, vice commander, company head, vice company head, squad leader of ten, and officer-inspector. The cavalry and infantry each had commanders-in-chief over the left and right four wings of Sun-bearer and Heaven's Martial, and each wing of Sun-bearer and Heaven's Martial had its own commander-in-chief. Each army had a commander-in-chief and chief inspector; each command had a commander and vice commander; each company had an army officer, vice horse-and-arms officer, squad leader of ten, officer-inspector, clerk, and escort officer, all subordinate to the Bureau of the Palace Command according to their duties.
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元祐七年，簽書樞密院王岩叟言：「祖宗以來，三帥不曾闕兩人，若殿帥闕，難於從下超補，姚麟係殿前都虞候，合升作步軍副都指揮使。」 紹聖三年，詔：「殿前指揮使金槍弩手班、龍旗直所減人額及排定班分，並依元豐詔旨。」 政和四年，詔：「殿前都指揮使在節度使之上，殿前副都指揮使在正任承宣使之上，殿前都虞候在正任防禦使之上。」
In 1092, Wang Yansou, signing secretary at the Bureau of Military Affairs, said: "Since the founding ancestors, the Three Commands have never been short two commanders at once. When the palace commander is vacant, it is difficult to promote someone from the lower ranks out of turn. Yao Lin is chief inspector of the Palace Command and should be promoted to vice commander-in-chief of the Infantry Command." In 1096, an edict ordered: "The reduced quotas and fixed shift assignments of the Palace Command detachment, Golden Spear crossbowmen company, and Dragon Banner Direct shall all follow the Yuanfeng edict." In 1114, an edict declared: "The palace commander-in-chief ranks above a military commissioner; the palace vice commander-in-chief ranks above a regular commissioner of promotion; and the palace chief inspector ranks above a regular commissioner of defense."
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渡江後，都指揮間虛不除，則以主管殿前司一員任其事。 其屬有幹辦公事、主管禁衛二員，淮備差遣、淮備差使、點檢醫藥飯食各一員，書寫機宜文字一員。 本司掌諸班直禁旅扈衛之事，捧日、天武四廂隸焉。 訓齊其眾，振飭其藝，通輪內宿，並宿衛親兵並聽節制。 其下有統製、統領、將佐等分任其事。 凡諸軍班直功賞、轉補，行門拍試、換官，閱實排連以詔於上； 諸殿侍差使年滿出職，祗應參班，核其名籍； 以時教閱，則謹鞍馬、軍器、衣甲之出入； 軍兵有獄訟，則以法鞫治。 初，渡江草創，三衙之制未備，稍稍招集，填置三帥。 資淺才，各有主管某司公事之稱。 又別置御營司，擢王淵為都統製。 其後外州駐紮，又有御前諸軍都統製之名。 又並入神武軍，以舊統製、統領改充殿前司統製、統領官。
After the court crossed the Yangzi, when the commander-in-chief was often left vacant, a single officer supervising the Bureau of the Palace Command was assigned to handle its affairs. Its staff included two handlers of routine business and two supervisors of the forbidden guard; one officer each for reserve dispatch, reserve assignment, and inspection of medicine and food; and one clerk for confidential documents. This bureau managed all detachments, direct units, forbidden troops, and escort duties, and the four wings of Sun-bearer and Heaven's Martial were subordinate to it. It trained and aligned the ranks, sharpened their skills, rotated inner-palace night duty, and all palace-guard direct troops were subject to its command. Below it were controllers, leaders, and adjutants who divided the work among themselves. For all army detachments and direct units, it handled merit rewards and transfers, gate-examination trials and rank changes, and verified roster arrangements, reporting these upward by edict; when palace service envoys completed their terms and left office, it received their attendance in formation and checked their registers; at scheduled drill and review it strictly controlled the issue and return of saddles, horses, weapons, and armor; and when soldiers were involved in lawsuits, it tried them according to law. At first, in the founding period after the court crossed the Yangzi, the system of the Three Commands was incomplete; troops were gradually recruited and the three commanders were filled in. Officers of shallow seniority each held the title of supervising routine business of a given bureau. An Imperial Camp Bureau was also established separately, and Wang Yuan was promoted to chief controller. Later, when troops were garrisoned in outer prefectures, there was also the title of chief controller of all imperial-front armies. They were also merged into the Divine Martial Army, and the former controllers and leaders were reassigned as controllers and leaders of the Bureau of the Palace Command.
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乾道中，臣僚言：「三衙軍製名稱不正，以舊制論之，軍職大者凡八等，除都指揮使或不常置外，曰殿前副都指揮使、馬軍副都指揮使、步軍副都指揮使。 次各有都虞候，次有捧日、天武四廂都指揮使。 龍、神衛四廂都指揮使。 秩秩有序，若登第然。 降此而下，則分營、分廂各置副都指揮使。 邊境有事，命將討捕，則旋立總管、鈐轄、都監之名，使各將其所部以出，事已復初。 今以宿衛虎士而與在外諸軍同其名，以統製、統領為之長，又使遙帶外路總管、鈐轄，皆非舊典。 所當法祖宗之舊，正三衙之名，改諸軍為諸廂，改統製以下為都虞候、指揮使，要使宿衛之職，預有差等，士卒之心，明有所係，異時拜將，必無一軍皆驚之舉。」 時不果行。 淳熙以後，四廂之職多虛，而殿司職、司有權管幹，有時暫照管之號，愈非乾道以前之比矣。
During the Qiandao era, officials said: "The titles of the Three Commands' military system are incorrect. Under the old system, the senior military posts numbered eight grades in all. Apart from the commander-in-chief, who was not always appointed, they were the palace vice commander-in-chief, the cavalry vice commander-in-chief, and the infantry vice commander-in-chief. Next came the chief inspectors, and next the commanders-in-chief of the four wings of Sun-bearer and Heaven's Martial. Then came the commanders-in-chief of the four wings of Dragon and Divine Guard. The ranks stood in clear order, like rungs on a ladder. Below these, each camp and each wing had its own vice commander-in-chief. When trouble arose on the frontier and generals were ordered to pursue and suppress it, titles of overall commander, supervisory commissioner, and chief overseer were temporarily created so that each led his own unit into the field; when the affair ended, the system returned to normal. Now palace-guard elite troops share titles with armies stationed outside, with controllers and leaders as their chiefs, and they are also made to hold from afar the titles of overall commander and supervisory commissioner on outer circuits—none of this follows the old statutes. We ought to follow the ancestors' old system, correct the names of the Three Commands, change 'armies' to 'wings,' and change controllers and below to chief inspectors and commanders, so that palace-guard duties have clear gradations in advance, soldiers know clearly to whom they belong, and when generals are appointed later there will not be a shock in which an entire army is startled at once." At the time this was not carried out. After Chunxi, posts in the four wings were often vacant, while the palace bureau had acting supervisors and temporary caretaker titles—ever less comparable to the period before Qiandao.
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【侍衛親軍馬軍】都指揮使、副都指揮使、都虞候各一人，掌馬軍諸指揮之名籍，凡統製、訓練、番衛、戌守、遷補、賞罰，皆總其政今； 侍衛扈從，及大禮宿衛，所掌如殿前司官。 所領馬軍，自龍衛而下有左右四廂都指揮使，龍衛左右廂各有都指揮使。 每軍有都指揮使、都虞候，每指揮有指揮使、副指揮使，每都有軍使、副兵馬使、十將、將虞候、承勾、押官，各以其職隸於馬軍司。 政和四年，詔以馬軍都指揮使、馬軍副都指揮使在正任觀察使之上，馬軍都虞候在正任防禦使之上。
Imperial Guard Cavalry: there was one commander-in-chief, one vice commander-in-chief, and one chief inspector. They kept the registers of all cavalry commands and oversaw every matter of command, training, guard rotation, garrison duty, promotion and transfer, and rewards and punishments; they attended and escorted on guard duty, and on state ceremonies managed night watch, with duties like those of the Bureau of the Palace Command. The cavalry under their command, from Dragon Guard downward, had commanders-in-chief over the left and right four wings, and each wing of Dragon Guard had its own commander-in-chief. Each army had a commander-in-chief and chief inspector; each command had a commander and vice commander; each company had an army officer, vice horse-and-arms officer, squad leader of ten, officer-inspector, clerk, and escort officer, all subordinate to the Cavalry Command according to their duties. In 1114, an edict placed the cavalry commander-in-chief and vice commander-in-chief above a regular commissioner of observation, and the cavalry chief inspector above a regular commissioner of defense.
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中興後。 置主管侍衛馬軍司一員。 其屬有幹辦公事、淮備差遣、點檢醫藥飯食各一員。 掌出戌建康，差主管機宜文字一員，掌馬軍之政令。 凡出入扈衛、守宿以奉上，開收閱習、轉補以勵下，如殿前司。 凡名籍核其在亡，過則以法繩之，有巡防敕應，則糾率差撥龍衛四廂隸焉。
After the restoration. One officer was appointed to supervise the Imperial Guard Cavalry Command. Its staff included one handler of routine business, one reserve dispatch officer, and one inspector of medicine and food. It managed deployment to garrison Jiankang and assigned one confidential-documents supervisor, and it governed the cavalry command's policies. For escort duty going out and in, night watch to serve the throne, and opening and closing drill, review, and transfers to encourage the ranks, its duties were like those of the Bureau of the Palace Command. It verified registers of who was present or absent, punished offenses according to law, and when patrol-defense edict responses were issued, it inspected and assigned detachments; the four wings of Dragon Guard were subordinate to it.
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【侍衛親軍步軍】都指揮使、副都指揮使、都虞候各一人。 掌步軍諸指揮之名籍，凡統製、訓練、番衛、戌守、遷補、賞罰，皆總其政令； 侍衛扈從，及大禮宿衛，如殿前司。 所領步軍、自神衛而下有左右四廂都指揮使，左右廂各有都指揮使。 每軍有都指揮使、都虞候，每指揮有指揮使、副指揮使、每都有都頭、副都頭、十將、將、虞候、承勾、押官，各以其職隸於步軍司。 政和四年，詔以步軍都指揮使、步軍副都指揮使在正任觀察使之上，都虞候在正任防禦使之上。
Imperial Guard Infantry: there was one commander-in-chief, one vice commander-in-chief, and one chief inspector. They kept the registers of all infantry commands and oversaw every matter of command, training, guard rotation, garrison duty, promotion and transfer, and rewards and punishments; they attended and escorted on guard duty, and on state ceremonies managed night watch, as in the Bureau of the Palace Command. The infantry under their command, from Divine Guard downward, had commanders-in-chief over the left and right four wings, and each wing had its own commander-in-chief. Each army had a commander-in-chief and chief inspector; each command had a commander and vice commander; each company had a company head, vice company head, squad leader of ten, officer, inspector, clerk, and escort officer, all subordinate to the Infantry Command according to their duties. In 1114, an edict placed the infantry commander-in-chief and vice commander-in-chief above a regular commissioner of observation, and the chief inspector above a regular commissioner of defense.
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中興後，置主管侍衛步軍司一員。 其屬有幹辦公事二員。 淮備差遣、點檢醫藥飯食各一員，掌步軍之政令。 凡出入扈衛、守宿以奉上，開收閱習、轉補以勵下，如殿前司。 凡名籍校其在亡，過則以法繩之，有巡防敕應，則糾率差撥神衛四廂隸焉。
After the restoration, one officer was appointed to supervise the Imperial Guard Infantry Command. Its staff included two handlers of routine business. There was one reserve dispatch officer and one inspector of medicine and food, and it governed the infantry command's policies. For escort duty going out and in, night watch to serve the throne, and opening and closing drill, review, and transfers to encourage the ranks, its duties were like those of the Bureau of the Palace Command. It checked registers of who was present or absent, punished offenses according to law, and when patrol-defense edict responses were issued, it inspected and assigned detachments; the four wings of Divine Guard were subordinate to it.
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【環衛官】左、右金吾衛上將軍大將軍將軍中郎將郎將左、右衛上將軍大將軍將軍中郎將郎將左、右驍衛上將軍大將軍將軍
Palace Guard ranks: for the Left and Right Golden Crow Guards, senior general, great general, general, middle commander, and gentleman-commander; for the Left and Right Guards, senior general, great general, general, middle commander, and gentleman-commander; for the Left and Right Valiant Guards, senior general, great general, and general.
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左、右武衛上將軍大將軍將軍左、右屯衛上將軍大將軍將軍左、右領軍衛上將軍大將軍將軍左、右監門衛上將軍大將軍將軍
For the Left and Right Martial Guards: senior general, great general, and general; for the Left and Right Garrison Guards: senior general, great general, and general; for the Left and Right Army-leader Guards: senior general, great general, and general; for the Left and Right Gate-watch Guards: senior general, great general, and general.
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左、右千牛衛上將軍大將軍將軍中郎將郎將
For the Left and Right Thousand-Ox Guards: senior general, great general, general, middle commander, and gentleman-commander.
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諸衛上將軍、大將軍、將軍，並為環衛官，無定員，皆命宗室為之，亦為武臣之贈典。 大將軍以下，又為武官責降散官。 政和中，改武臣官制，而環衛如故，蓋雖有四十八階，別無所領故也。 靖康元年，詔以武安軍節度使錢景臻等為左金吾衛上將軍，保信軍節度使劉敷等為右金吾衛上將軍，用御史中丞陳過庭言，遵藝祖開寶初罷王彥超、武行德等歸環衛故事也。 其禁兵分隸殿前及侍衛兩司，所稱十二衛將軍，皆空官無實，中興多不除授。 隆興中，始命學士洪遵等討論典故，復置十六衛，號環衛官。 其法：節度使則領左、右金吾衛上將軍，承宣使則領左、右衛上將軍，在內則兼帶，在外則不帶； 正任為上將軍，遙郡為大將軍，正親兄弟子孫試充。 又詔祖宗諸後自明肅至欽慈諸後及后妃嬪御之家，各具本宗堪充諸衛官以名銜聞。 又詔三衛郎為三衛侍郎。 又詔博士並差文臣。 崇寧四年二月置，五年正月罷。
The senior generals, great generals, and generals of all guards were Palace Guard ranks with no fixed quota. They were normally filled by members of the imperial clan and also served as honorary titles for military officials. Ranks from great general downward were also used as demoted honorary ranks for military officials. During the Zhenghe era the military-official rank system was changed, but the Palace Guard ranks remained as before, because although there were forty-eight grades, they had no actual command responsibilities. In 1126, an edict appointed Qian Jingzhen, military commissioner of Wu'an Army, and others as senior generals of the Left Golden Crow Guard, and Liu Fu, military commissioner of Baoxin Army, and others as senior generals of the Right Golden Crow Guard, following Vice Censor-in-Chief Chen Guoting's memorial and observing the precedent of the founding ancestor in early Kaibao, when Wang Yanchao, Wu Xingde, and others were removed and returned to Palace Guard ranks. The forbidden troops were divided between the Bureau of the Palace Command and the two Imperial Guard commands; the so-called generals of the twelve guards were empty titles without substance, and after the restoration they were mostly not appointed. During the Longxing era, Academician Hong Zun and others were first ordered to examine historical precedents and restore the sixteen guards under the title of Palace Guard ranks. The rule was that a military commissioner held the senior generalship of the Left and Right Golden Crow Guards, and a commissioner of promotion held the senior generalship of the Left and Right Guards; if he was in the capital he held the title concurrently, but if he was posted outside he did not. A regular appointment carried the title of senior general, a distant prefecture carried great general, and legitimate brothers' sons and grandsons were tried out in the posts. An edict also ordered the various imperial consorts from Mingsu through Qinci and the families of empresses, consorts, and palace women each to report by name and title those in their clans fit to fill guard posts. An edict also changed the title Three Guards gentleman to Three Guards vice director. An edict also ordered that all instructors be assigned from among civil officials. This was established in the second month of 1105 and abolished in the first month of 1106.
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【皇城司】幹當官七人，以武功大夫以上及內侍都知、押班充。 掌宮城出入之禁令，凡周廬宿衛之事、宮門啟閉之節皆隸焉。 每門給銅符二、鐵牌一，左符留門，右符請鑰，鐵牌則請鑰者自隨，以時參驗而啟閉之。 總親從、親事官名籍，辨其宿衛之地，以均其番直。 人物偽冒不應法，則譏察以聞。 凡臣僚朝覲，上下馬有定所，自宰相、親王以下，所帶人從有定數，揭榜以止其喧哄。 元豐六年，詔幹當皇城司，除兩省都知、押班外，取年深者減罷。 止留十員。 元祐元年，詔幹當官閱三年無過者遷秩一等，再任滿者減磨勘二年。 元符元年，詔：「應宮城出入請納官物，呈稟公事，傳送文書，並禦廚、翰林、儀鸞司非次祗應，聽於便門出入，即不由所定門者，論如闌入律。 應差辦人物入內，及內諸司差人往他所應奉，並前一日具名數與經歷諸門報皇城司。」 二年，詔皇城司任滿酬獎依熙寧五年指揮，再任滿無遺闕，取旨。 政和五年，詔皇城司可創置親從弟五指揮，以七百人為額， 〈（親從官舊有四指揮，元額共二千二百七十人，）〉 仍以五尺九寸一分六厘使為將軍，副使為中郎將，使臣以下為左、右郎將，通以十員為額，宗室不在此例。 除管軍則解，或領閣門、皇城之類則仍帶，雖戚裏子弟，非戰功人不除，批書印紙屬殿前司。 是時，帝諭宰相，以為如文臣館閣儲才之地。 紹熙初，嘗欲留闕以儲將才，循初意也。 嘉泰中，復申明隆興之詔，屏除貪得妄進，以重環尹之官，嘉定二年，復因臣僚言，專以曾為兵將有功績及名將子孫之有才略者充。 通前後觀之，可以見環衛儲才之意。
Imperial City Bureau: there were seven acting officers, filled by officials of Grandee of Martial Achievement rank and above and by chief stewards and escort shift leaders of the Inner Service. They enforced prohibitions on entry and exit from the palace city, and all encircling-garrison night-watch duties and the rules for opening and closing palace gates were subordinate to them. Each gate was issued two bronze tallies and one iron plaque. The left tally remained at the gate, the right tally was presented to request the key, and the iron plaque was carried by whoever requested the key; at the proper time they were checked together before the gate was opened or closed. They maintained the registers of intimate attendants and personal-service officers, assigned their night-watch stations, and equalized their rotation shifts. If persons impersonated others or violated the regulations, they investigated and reported upward. For all officials attending court audience, mounting and dismounting had fixed places. From the chief minister and imperial princes downward, the number of attendants they brought had a fixed quota, and placards were posted to stop disorderly clamor. In 1083, an edict on acting officers of the Imperial City Bureau ordered that, apart from chief stewards and escort shift leaders of the two inner bureaus, those of long service be reduced and dismissed. Only ten posts were retained. In 1086, an edict said that acting officers who completed three years without fault were promoted one rank, and those who completed a second full term had two years deducted from their merit review. In 1098, an edict said: "For entry and exit from the palace city to deliver official goods, present routine business, transmit documents, and provide extraordinary service for the Imperial Kitchen, Hanlin Academy, and Ceremonial Insignia Bureau, passage through convenience gates is permitted; if one does not use the designated gate, the case is prosecuted under the statute on unlawful entry. Persons assigned to enter on errands, and inner bureaus assigning persons to other places on service, had to list names and numbers the day before and report to the Imperial City Bureau through the gates they passed." In the second year, an edict said that rewards on completing a term in the Imperial City Bureau followed the directive of 1072; if a second term was completed without omission, imperial instruction was to be sought. In 1115, an edict permitted the Imperial City Bureau to establish five companies of intimate-attendant younger brothers, with a quota of seven hundred men, (The intimate-attendant offices formerly had four companies, with an original quota of 2,270 men in all.) Envoys of five chi nine cun one fen six li were still made generals, vice-envoys middle commanders, and envoys and below Left and Right gentleman-commanders, with a total quota of ten posts; members of the imperial clan were excluded from this rule. If one took command of troops the title was removed; if one held Gate office, Imperial City office, or the like, it was still carried concurrently. Even sons of imperial affines were not appointed without military merit, and the endorsement documents belonged to the Bureau of the Palace Command. At that time the emperor told the chief ministers that it was like the civil officials' Hall and Pavilion as a place to cultivate talent. At the beginning of Shaoxi, he once wished to leave vacancies open to cultivate military talent, following the original intent. During the Jiatai era the Longxing edict was proclaimed again, greedy and reckless advancement was excluded, and the Palace Guard posts were given greater weight; in 1209, following officials' memorials, only those who had been military officers with merit and talented descendants of famous generals were appointed. Viewed from beginning to end, one can see the intent of using the Palace Guard ranks to cultivate talent.
17
【三衛官】三衛郎一員，秩比太中大夫。 中郎為之貳，文武各一員，秩比朝議大夫。 博士二員，主簿一員。 親衛府郎十員，中郎十員； 勳衛府郎十員，中郎十員； 翊衛府郎二十員，中郎二十員； 文武各四十員。 三衛郎治其府之事。 率其屬日直於殿陛，長在左，立起居郎之前； 貳分左右，文東武西，立都承旨之後，仗退，治事於府。 博士掌孝道，校試三衛所習文武之藝。 親衛立於殿上兩旁，勳衛立於朵殿，翊衛立於兩階衛士之前。 三衛郎依給、舍，中郎依少卿，餘依寺丞。 親衛官以后妃嬪御之家有服親，及翰林學士並管軍正任觀察使以上子孫； 勳衛官以勳臣之世、賢德之後有服親，太中大夫以上及正任團練使、遙郡觀察使以上； 翊衛官以卿監、正任刺史、遙郡團練使以上，並以為等。 其將校、十將、節級等應合行事件，比第四指揮及見行條貫。 六年三月，應臣僚輒帶售雇人入宮門，罪賞並依宗室法，將帶過數止坐本官，若兼領外局，所定人從非隨本官輒入者，依闌入法。 十一月，詔嘉王楷差提舉皇城司整肅隨駕禁衛所。 靖康元年，詔應入皇城門，依法服本色，輒衣便服及不裹頭帽入出者並科罪。 所隸官屬一：冰井務，掌藏冰以薦獻宗廟、供奉禁庭及邦國之用。 若賜予臣下，則以法式頒之。
Three Guards offices: one Three Guards gentleman, with rank comparable to Grandee of Splendid Happiness. Middle commanders served as his deputies, one civil and one military, with rank comparable to Grandee of Court Discussion. There were two instructors and one registrar. Intimate Guard Bureau: ten gentlemen and ten middle commanders; Merit Guard Bureau: ten gentlemen and ten middle commanders; Assistant Guard Bureau: twenty gentlemen and twenty middle commanders; forty civil and forty military posts in all. The Three Guards gentleman managed the affairs of the bureau. He led his subordinates on daily duty at the throne hall; the chief stood on the left, before the attendance recorder; the deputies stood left and right, civil on the east and military on the west, behind the chief usher; when the guard formation withdrew, they handled business at the bureau. The instructors managed filial conduct and examined the civil and military arts studied by the Three Guards. Intimate Guards stood on both sides of the upper hall, Merit Guards stood in the side hall, and Assistant Guards stood before the guards on the two stairways. The Three Guards gentleman followed the model of aides and attendants, middle commanders followed vice directors, and the rest followed bureau assistants. Intimate Guard posts were for those with mourning kinship in the families of empresses, consorts, and palace women, and for descendants of Hanlin academicians and of regular military commissioners of observation rank and above who commanded troops; Merit Guard posts were for those with mourning kinship in lines of merit officials and virtuous descendants, for Grandees of Splendid Happiness and above, and for regular commissioners of regimentation and distant-prefecture commissioners of observation and above; Assistant Guard posts were for director-level officials, regular prefectural commissioners, and distant-prefecture commissioners of regimentation and above; these were taken as the qualifying grades. For their officers, squad leaders of ten, rank markers, and other applicable matters, they followed the fourth command and current regulations. In the third month of the sixth year, officials who casually brought hired servants into palace gates were rewarded or punished according to the law for the imperial clan; if the number brought exceeded the limit, only the official's own post was penalized; if one concurrently held an outer bureau and fixed attendants not attached to the official's own post entered casually, the case was prosecuted under the statute on unlawful entry. In the eleventh month, an edict assigned Prince Jia Kai to supervise the Imperial City Bureau in rectifying the forbidden-guard posts accompanying the imperial progress. In 1126, an edict required those entering the imperial city gate to wear regulated service colors; those who wore casual dress or entered and exited without wrapped headgear were all punished. Subordinate office 1: the Ice Well Office, which stored ice for offerings to the ancestral temples, service to the forbidden court, and state use. If bestowed on officials below, it was distributed according to statutory formulas.
18
客省、引進使客省使、副使各二人。 掌國信使見辭宴賜及四方進奉、四夷朝覲貢獻之儀，受其幣而賓禮之，掌其饔餼欽食，還則頒詔書，授以賜予。 宰臣以下節物，則視其品秩以為等。 若文臣中散大夫、武臣橫行刺史以上還闕朝覲，掌賜酒饌。 使闕，則引進、四方館、閤門使副互權。 大觀元年，詔客省、四方館不隸台察。 政和二年，改定武選新階，乃詔客省、四方館、引進司、東、西上閤門所掌職務格法。 並令尚書省具上。 又詔高麗已稱國信，改隸客省。 靖康元年，詔客省、引進司、四方館、西上閤門為殿庭應奉，與東上閤門一同隸中書省，不隸台察。
Reception Bureau and Introduction Bureau: the Reception Bureau had two commissioners and two vice commissioners. They managed audiences, farewells, banquets, and gifts for state envoys, and the ceremonies for tribute from the four directions and audiences and offerings from foreign peoples; they received their gifts and treated them as guests, managed their feasts and provisions, and on their return issued edicts and conferred grants. For seasonal gifts to the chief minister and below, they determined grades according to rank. When civil officials of Palace Attendant rank and military officials of transverse prefectural commissioner rank and above returned to court for audience, they managed the bestowal of wine and food. If a commissioner was vacant, the Introduction Bureau, Four Directions Hostel, and Gate vice commissioners acted for one another by turns. In 1107, an edict placed the Reception Bureau and Four Directions Hostel outside censorial oversight. In 1112, when the new grades for military selection were fixed, an edict ordered the statutory formats for duties managed by the Reception Bureau, Four Directions Hostel, Introduction Bureau, and Eastern and Western Upper Gate offices. All were to be submitted in full by the Ministry of Personnel. An edict also said that since Goryeo was already styled a state envoy, it was reassigned to the Reception Bureau. In 1126, an edict placed the Reception Bureau, Introduction Bureau, Four Directions Hostel, and Western Upper Gate as hall service for the throne hall; together with the Eastern Upper Gate they were subordinated to the Secretariat and placed outside censorial oversight.
19
引進司使、副各二人。 掌臣僚、蕃國進奉禮物之事，班四方館上。 使闕，則客省、四方館互兼。
Introduction Bureau: two commissioners and two vice commissioners. They managed gifts presented by officials and foreign states, ranking above the Four Directions Hostel. If a commissioner was vacant, the Reception Bureau and Four Directions Hostel covered for each other.
20
【四方館使】二人。 掌進章表，凡文武官朝見辭謝、國忌賜香，及諸道元日、冬至、朔旦慶賀起居章表，皆受而進之。 郊祀大朝會，則定外國使命及致仕、未升朝官父老陪位之版，進士、道釋亦如之。 掌凡護葬、賻贈、朝拜之事。 客省、四方館，建炎初並歸東上閤門，皆知閤總之。
Four Directions Hostel: two commissioners. They managed submission of memorials and reports; for all civil and military officials' audiences, farewells, national-mourning incense grants, and New Year's Day, winter solstice, and first-of-month congratulatory attendance reports from all circuits, they received and forwarded them. At suburban sacrifice and great court assemblies, they fixed the rosters of foreign missions and of retired officials, fathers and elders of officials not yet attending court, and presented graduates, Daoists, and Buddhists likewise. They managed all matters of escorting funerals, condolence gifts, and court audiences. The Reception Bureau and Four Directions Hostel, at the beginning of Jianyan, were both returned to the Eastern Upper Gate, all overseen by the Gate director.
21
東、西上閤門東上閤門、西上閤門使各三人，副使各二人，宣讚舍人十人，舊名通事閤人，政和中改。 祗候十有二人。 掌朝會宴幸、供奉讚相禮儀之事，使、副承旨稟命，舍人傳宣讚謁，祗候分佐舍人。 凡文武官自宰臣、宗室自親王、外國自契丹使以下朝見謝辭皆掌之，視其品秩以為引班、敘班之次，讚其拜舞之節而糾其違失。 若慶禮奉表，則東上閤門掌之； 慰禮進名，則西上閤門掌之。 月進班簿，歲終一易，分東西班揭貼以進。 自客省而下，因事建官，皆有定員。 遂立積考序遷之法，聽其領職居外，增置看班祗候六人，由看班遷至使皆五年，使以上七年，遇闕乃遷，無闕則加遙郡。
Eastern and Western Upper Gates: three commissioners and two vice commissioners each; ten proclamation aides, formerly called gate liaison attendants, renamed during Zhenghe. There were twelve attendants. They managed court assemblies, banquets, imperial visits, and service in proclaiming and assisting ceremonial rites; commissioners and vice commissioners received orders and reported upward, aides transmitted proclamations and announced audiences, and attendants assisted the aides in divisions. They managed audiences and farewells for all civil and military officials from the chief minister downward, imperial clansmen from imperial princes downward, and foreigners from Khitan envoys downward; they set the order of leading and arranging formations according to rank, proclaimed the rhythms of bowing and dancing, and corrected violations. For congratulatory rites presenting memorials, the Eastern Upper Gate managed them; for condolence rites presenting names, the Western Upper Gate managed them. Monthly they submitted formation registers, replaced once a year at year's end, divided into eastern and western classes and posted for submission. From the Reception Bureau downward, offices were created as tasks required, all with fixed quotas. They then established a law of accumulated review and ordered advancement, permitting them to hold office while residing outside; six formation-viewing attendants were added; from formation-viewing attendant to commissioner took five years, from commissioner upward seven years; advancement came only when there was a vacancy, and if none, a distant prefecture was added.
22
元豐七年，詔客省、四方館使、副領本職外，官最高者一員兼領合門事。 元祐元年，詔客省、四方館、閤門並以橫行通領職事。 紹聖三年，詔看班祗候有闕，令吏部選定，尚書省呈人材，中書省取旨差。 崇寧四年，詔閤門依元豐法隸門下省。 大觀元年，詔閤門依殿中省例，不隸台察。 政和六年，詔宣讚播告，直誦其辭。 靖康元年，詔閤門並立員額。 監察御史胡舜陟奏：「閤門之職，祖宗所重：宣讚不過三五人，熙寧間，通事舍人十三員。 祗候六人，當時議者猶以為多。 今舍人一百八員，祗候七十六員，看班四員，內免職者二百三員，由宦侍恩幸以求財，朱勔父子賣尤多，富商豪子往往得之。 真宗時，諸王夫人因聖節乞補閤門，帝曰：『此職非可以恩澤授。』 不許。 神宗即位之初，用宮邸直省官郭昭選為閤門祗候，司馬光言：『此祖宗以蓄養賢才，在文臣為館職。』 其重如此，今豈可賣以求財，乞賜裁省。」 故有是詔。
In 1084, an edict said that apart from leading their own posts, the highest-ranking commissioner or vice commissioner of the Reception Bureau and Four Directions Hostel should concurrently manage Gate affairs. In 1086, an edict said that the Reception Bureau, Four Directions Hostel, and Gate were all to be led in common by transverse ranks. In 1096, an edict said that when formation-viewing attendants were vacant, the Ministry of Personnel should select candidates and present their qualifications, and the Secretariat should appoint by imperial instruction. In 1105, an edict placed the Gate under the Chancellery according to the Yuanfeng law. In 1107, an edict placed the Gate under the precedent of the Palace Secretariat, outside censorial oversight. In 1116, an edict said that proclamation aides broadcasting announcements should recite the text directly. In 1126, an edict established fixed quotas for the Gate. Investigating censor Hu Shunzhi memorialized: "The Gate office was valued by the founding ancestors: proclamation aides were no more than three to five; in the Xining era, liaison attendants were thirteen. Attendants numbered six, and commentators at the time still thought that many. Now there are 108 aides, 76 attendants, and 4 formation-viewers, and among them 203 are excused from duty; through eunuch favor they seek wealth, Zhu Mian and his son sold the most posts, and rich merchants and powerful sons often obtained them. In Emperor Zhenzong's time, imperial princes' consorts asked on a sacred festival to fill Gate posts; the emperor said: "This office cannot be granted by favor." He did not permit it. At the beginning of Emperor Shenzong's accession, palace-residence direct-provincial official Guo Zhaoxuan was appointed Gate attendant; Sima Guang said: "The ancestors used this to cultivate talent; for civil officials it is a Hall post." It was valued thus; how can it now be sold for wealth? I beg that it be cut back." Therefore there was this edict.
23
乾道六年，上欲清閤門之選，除宣讚舍人、閤門祗候仍舊通掌讚引之職外，置閤門舍人十員，以待武舉之入官者。 掌諸殿覺察失儀兼侍立，駕出行幸亦如之。 六參、常朝，後殿引親王起居。 仿儒臣館閣之制，召試中書省，然後命之。 又許轉對如職事官，供職滿三年與邊郡。 淳熙間，置看班祗候，令忠訓郎以下充，秉義郎以上，始除閤門祗候。 又增重薦舉閤門祗候之制，必廉幹有方略、善弓馬、兩任親民無遺闕及曾曆邊任者充。 紹熙以來，立定員額。 慶元初，申嚴合門長官選擇其屬之令，非右科前名之士不預召試，蓋以為右列清選雲。
In the sixth year of Qiandao, the emperor wished to clarify Gate selection; apart from proclamation aides and Gate attendants still jointly managing proclamation and leading duties, ten Gate aides were established to await those entering office through the military examination. They observed breaches of ritual in all halls and also attended standing by, and likewise on imperial outings and visits. At six audiences and regular court, they led imperial princes' attendance in the rear hall. Following the system for civil officials' Hall and Pavilion posts, they were summoned for examination at the Secretariat and then appointed. They were also permitted to present memorials in audience like regular officials; after three years of service they were given border prefectures. In the Chunxi era, formation-viewing attendants were established, filled from Loyal Instruction Gentleman downward; from Upholding Righteousness Gentleman upward, one was first appointed Gate attendant. The system for recommending Gate attendants was also strengthened: appointees had to be incorrupt and capable with strategy, skilled in bow and horse, without omissions in two terms of close service to the people, or have served on the border. From Shaoxi onward, fixed quotas were established. At the beginning of Qingyuan, the order was strictly proclaimed that Gate chiefs select their subordinates; only those who had ranked at the top of the military examination were summoned for testing—it was regarded as a clear selection among the military ranks.
24
【入內內侍省內侍省】宋初，有內中高品班院，淳化五年，改入內內班院，又改入內黃門班院，又改內侍省入內內侍班院。 景德三年，詔：「東門取索司可並隸內東門司，餘入內都知司； 內東門都知司、內侍省入內內侍班院可立為入內內侍省，以諸司隸之。」 宋初，有內班院，淳化五年，改為黃門，九月，又改內侍省。
Inner-Palace Inner Service and Inner Service: In early Song there was the Inner High-Rank Detachment; in 994 it was changed to Inner Inner Detachment, then to Inner Yellow Gate Detachment, then to Inner Service Inner Inner Service Detachment. In 1006, an edict said: "The Eastern Gate Requisition Office may be merged under the Inner Eastern Gate Office; the rest under the Inner Chief Steward Office; the Inner Eastern Gate Chief Steward Office and Inner Service Inner Inner Service Detachment may be established as the Inner-Palace Inner Service, with all offices subordinate to it." In early Song there was the Inner Detachment; in 994 it was changed to Yellow Gate; in the ninth month it was changed again to Inner Service.
25
入內內侍省與內侍省號為前後省，而入內省尤為親近。 通侍禁中、役縣褻近者，隸入內內侍省。 拱侍殿中、備灑掃之職、役使雜品者，隸內侍省。 入內內侍省有都都知、右班都知、副都知、都知、副都知、押班、內東頭供奉官、內西頭供奉官、內侍殿頭、內侍高品、內侍高班、內侍黃門。 內侍省有左班都知、副都知、押班、內東頭供奉官、內西頭供奉官、內侍殿頭、內侍高品，內侍高班、內侍黃門。 自供奉官至黃門，以二百八十人為定員。 凡內侍初補曰小黃門，經恩遷補則為內侍黃門。 後省官闕，則以前省官補。 押班次遷副都知，次遷都都知，遂為內臣之極品。
The Inner-Palace Inner Service and Inner Service were called the front and rear services, and the inner-palace service was especially close to the throne. Those who served throughout the forbidden palace and worked in intimate proximity were subordinate to the Inner-Palace Inner Service. Those who attended in the halls, prepared sweeping duties, and served miscellaneous ranks were subordinate to the Inner Service. The Inner-Palace Inner Service had chief-of-chiefs steward, right-shift chief steward, vice chief steward, chief steward, vice chief steward, escort shift leader, inner eastern tribute officer, inner western tribute officer, inner service hall head, inner service high rank, inner service high shift, and inner service yellow gate. The Inner Service had left-shift chief steward, vice chief steward, escort shift leader, inner eastern tribute officer, inner western tribute officer, inner service hall head, inner service high rank, inner service high shift, and inner service yellow gate. From tribute officers to yellow gate, the fixed quota was 280 persons. All inner attendants on first appointment were called junior yellow gate; after grace transfer they became inner service yellow gate. When rear-service posts were vacant, front-service officers filled them. From escort shift leader one advanced to vice chief steward, then to chief-of-chiefs steward, thus reaching the highest rank among inner officials.
26
熙寧中，入內內侍省內侍省都知、押班遂省，各以轉入先後相壓，永為定式。 其官稱，則有內客省使、延福宮使、宣政使、宣慶使、昭宣使。 元豐議改官制，張誠一欲易都知、押班之名，置殿中監以易內侍省。 既而宰執進呈，神宗曰：「祖宗為此名有深意，豈可輕議？」 政和二年，始遂改焉。 以通侍大夫易內客省使，正侍大夫易延福宮使，中侍大夫易景福殿使，中亮大夫易宣慶使，中衛大夫易宣政使，拱衛大夫易昭宣使，供奉官易內東頭供奉官，左侍禁易內西頭供奉官，右侍禁易內侍殿頭，左班殿直易內侍高品，右班殿直易內侍高班，而黃門之名如故。
In the Xining era, the chief stewards and escort shift leaders of the Inner-Palace Inner Service and Inner Service were reduced; each advanced according to order of transfer, pressing by seniority, permanently as the fixed pattern. Their titles included Inner Reception Commissioner, Yanfu Palace Commissioner, Xuanzheng Commissioner, Xuanqing Commissioner, and Zhaoxuan Commissioner. When the Yuanfeng reform of the rank system was discussed, Zhang Chengyi wished to change the names of chief steward and escort shift leader and establish a Palace Directorate to replace the Inner Service. When the chief ministers presented this, Emperor Shenzong said: "The ancestors gave these names deep meaning—how can they be lightly discussed?" In 1112, the change was finally carried out. Palace Attendant Grandee replaced Inner Reception Commissioner; Regular Attendant Grandee replaced Yanfu Palace Commissioner; Central Attendant Grandee replaced Jingfu Hall Commissioner; Central Bright Grandee replaced Xuanqing Commissioner; Central Guard Grandee replaced Xuanzheng Commissioner; Arch Guard Grandee replaced Zhaoxuan Commissioner; tribute officer replaced inner eastern tribute officer; left attendant forbidden replaced inner western tribute officer; right attendant forbidden replaced inner service hall head; left-shift palace direct replaced inner service high rank; right-shift palace direct replaced inner service high shift; the name yellow gate remained as before.
27
其屬有：禦藥院，勾當官四人，以入內內侍充，掌按驗方書，修合藥劑，以待進禦及供奉禁中之用。 內東門司勾，當官四人，以入內內侍充，掌宮禁人物出入，周知其名數而譏察之。 合同憑由司，監官二人，掌禁中宣索之物，給其要驗，凡特旨賜予，皆具名數憑由，付有司淮給。 管勾往來國信所，管勾官二人，以都知、押班充，掌契丹使介交聘之事。 後苑勾當官，無定員，以內侍充，掌苑囿、池沼、台殿種藝雜飾，以備遊幸。 造作所，掌造作禁中及皇屬婚娶之名物。 龍圖、無章、寶文閣，勾當四人，以入內內侍充，掌藏祖宗文章、圖籍及符瑞寶玩之物，而安像設以崇奉之。 軍頭引見司，勾當官五人，以內侍省都知、押班及合門宣讚舍人以上充，掌供奉便殿禁衛諸軍入見之事，及馬，步兩直軍員之名。 翰林院，勾當官一員，以內侍押班、都知充，總天文、書藝、圖畫、醫官四局，凡執伎以事上者皆在焉。
Its subordinates included the Imperial Pharmacy, with four acting officers filled by inner-palace inner attendants, managing verification of formulary books, compounding medicines, to await presentation to the throne and service to the forbidden palace. Inner Eastern Gate Office: four acting officers filled by inner-palace inner attendants, managing entry and exit of persons in the palace forbidden zone, fully knowing their names and numbers and investigating them. Joint Credentials Office: two supervising officers, managing items requisitioned in the forbidden palace, issuing required verification; for all special-grant bestowals, names and numbers were listed on credentials and handed to the responsible offices for authorized distribution. Overseer of the State Envoy Exchange Office: two overseer officers filled by chief stewards and escort shift leaders, managing Khitan envoy exchange and diplomatic missions. Rear Garden acting officers, with no fixed quota, filled by inner attendants, managing gardens, ponds, terraces, planting, and miscellaneous ornament for imperial excursions. Manufacturing Office: managed manufacture of named items for the forbidden palace and imperial-clan weddings. Dragon Diagram, Unmarked, and Treasured Literature Pavilions: four acting officers filled by inner-palace inner attendants, storing the ancestors' writings, maps and books, and talismanic treasures and curios, and arranging image settings to honor them. Army Head Presentation Office: five acting officers filled by Inner Service chief stewards, escort shift leaders, and Gate proclamation aides and above, managing presentation of forbidden-guard armies entering audience in the convenience hall, and the registers of cavalry and infantry direct unit personnel. The Hanlin Academy had one acting officer, appointed from Inner Service escort shift leaders and chief stewards, who oversaw the astronomy, literary arts, painting, and medical bureaus; everyone who practiced an art in service to the throne belonged to it.
28
中興以來，深懲內侍用事之弊，嚴前後省使臣與兵將官往來之禁，著內侍官不許出謁及接見賓客之令。 紹興三十年，詔內侍省所掌職務不多，徒有冗費，可廢並歸入內內侍省。 舊制，內侍遇聖節許進子，年十二試以墨義，即中程者，候三年引見供職。 三十二年，殿中侍御史張震言宦者員眾，孝宗即命內侍省具見在人數，免會慶節進子，仍定以二百人為額。 乾道間，以差赴德壽宮應奉闕人，增置二百五十人。 紹熙三年，依宰臣奏，中官隻令承受宮禁中事，不許預聞他事。 嘉定初，詔內侍省陳乞恩例，親屬充寄班祗候，以十年為限。
After the dynasty's restoration, the court sharply curbed eunuch power, forbade exchanges between inner and outer court commissioners and military officers, and ordered that eunuch officials could neither pay calls outside nor receive guests. In 1160, an edict declared that the Inner Service handled few duties at wasteful cost and should be abolished and absorbed into the Inner Palace Inner Service. Formerly, eunuchs could present sons on imperial festivals; at twelve the boys took a written examination, and those who passed at once waited three years before being presented and assigned to service. In 1162, investigating censor Zhang Zhen warned that eunuchs had grown too numerous; Xiaozong at once ordered a head count, ended the practice of presenting sons at the Assembly Celebration festival, and capped the corps at two hundred. In the Qiandao era, vacancies for attendants at the Deshou Palace led to an increase of the eunuch quota to two hundred fifty. In 1192, on the chief ministers' advice, palace eunuchs were restricted to palace affairs alone and barred from involvement elsewhere. Early in the Jiading reign, an edict allowed Inner Service petitions for favors to place relatives in relay-shift attendant posts for no more than ten years.
29
【開封府】牧、尹不常置，權知府一人，以待制以上充。 掌尹正畿甸之事，以教法導民而勸課之。 中都之獄訟皆受而聽焉，小事則專決，大事則稟奏。 若承旨已斷者，刑部、御史臺無輒糾察。 屏除寇盜，有奸伏則戒所隸官捕治。 凡戶口、賦役、道釋之占京邑者，頒其禁令，會其帳籍。 大禮，橋道頓遞則為之使，仗內奉引則差官攝牧。
Kaifeng Prefecture: Intendant and Prefect were not standing posts; a single acting prefect, drawn from officials of drafting-assistant rank or higher, held the office. He governed the capital region, instructed the people through law, and urged payment of taxes and corvée. The prefect took every lawsuit in the capital: minor cases he decided himself, major ones he reported to the throne. Cases already settled by imperial order could not be second-guessed by the Ministry of Justice or the Censorate. He suppressed brigandage, and when hidden criminals appeared he ordered subordinates to seize and punish them. He regulated households, taxes, corvée, and Buddhist and Daoist residents in the capital, issuing bans and keeping the registers in order. On great state ceremonies he arranged bridges, roads, and courier relays; inside the imperial guard he sent deputies to stand in as metropolitan intendant.
30
其屬有判官、推官四人，日視推鞫，分事以治。 而佐其長，領南司者一人，督察使院，非刑獄訟訴則主行之。 司錄參軍一人，折戶婚之訟，而通書六曹之案牒。 功曹、倉曹、戶曹、兵曹、法曹、士曹參軍各一人，視其官曹分職蒞事。 左右軍巡使、判官各二人，分掌京城爭鬥及推鞫之事。 左右廂公事幹當官四人，掌檢覆推問，凡鬥訟事輕者聽論決。 領縣十有八，鎮二十有四，令佐、訓練、征榷、監臨、巡警之官，知府事者率統隸焉。 分案六，置吏六百。
Four judges and investigating officers assisted him, examining cases each day and dividing the workload. One aide assisted the prefect, heading the Southern Office and supervising the envoy court; except for criminal detention and litigation, he ran routine business. A registrar assistant heard household and marriage disputes and routed paperwork among the six bureaus. Each of the six bureaus—Merit, Granary, Household, Military, Law, and Gentlemen—had one assistant who handled its portfolio. Two military patrol commissioners and two judges on each flank handled street fights and interrogations in the capital. Four ward acting officers on the left and right reviewed cases; in minor brawls they could settle disputes themselves. Eighteen counties and twenty-four towns fell under its jurisdiction, with magistrates, assistants, drill officers, tax agents, supervisors, and patrolmen all under the prefect's overall command. The office ran six divisions and employed six hundred clerks.
31
開封典司轂下，自建隆以來，為要劇之任。 至熙寧間，增給吏錄，禁其受賕，省衙前役以寬民力，厘折獄訟歸於廂官，而治事視前日損去十四。 元祐元年，詔府界捕盜官吏隸本府，與都大提舉司同管轄而掌其賞罰。 置新城內左、右二廂。 三年，以罷大理寺獄，置軍巡院判官一員。 四年，罷新置二廂。 六年，王嚴叟言：「左、右廳推官公事詞狀，初無通治明文，請事係朝省及奏請通治外，餘並據號分治。」 從之。 紹聖元年，知府事錢勰言：「自祖宗以來，並分左右廳置推官各一員。 近年止除推官，元祐中，並令分治。 請依故事分左右廳，各除推官一員，作兩廳共治職事。」 又言：「熙寧中，置舊城左右廂，元祐初，增置於新城內，四年，罷增置兩廂，今請復置。」 從之。 三年，詔開封、祥符知縣事自今選秩通判人充。 四年，詔開封府所薦推、判官，並召對取旨。
Kaifeng administered the metropolitan core and, since the Jianlong founding, ranked among the empire's most demanding posts. Under Shenzong's Xining reforms the prefecture expanded clerk rolls, banned bribes, cut corvée at government gates, sent petty quarrels back to ward officers, and reduced daily caseloads by fourteen. In 1086, capital-district constables were placed under Kaifeng Prefecture and the Grand Commissionerate, which shared jurisdiction and set rewards and penalties. Left and right wards were created inside the new city wall. In 1088, after the Court of Judicial Review prison closed, Kaifeng added one military patrol court judge. In 1089 the two new wards were abolished. In 1091, Wang Yansou argued that left and right investigating officers lacked clear rules for joint review: except for cases bound for the central ministries or requiring joint memorials, each officer should take cases by docket number. Approved. In 1094, acting prefect Qian Kai noted that since the dynasty's founders Kaifeng had kept one investigating officer in each hall. Recently only investigating officers had been named, and under Yuanyou they were told to split the caseload. He asked to restore the old practice of one investigating officer per hall, with both halls sharing the work." He also wanted the Xining-era ward system restored: wards in the old city, temporary wards in the new city abolished in 1089, should be re-established. Approved. In 1096, Kaifeng and Xiangfu counties were to be run by vice prefects of registrar rank. In 1097, every investigating officer and judge the prefecture recommended had to appear before the emperor for appointment.
32
崇寧三年，蔡京奏：「乞罷權知府，置牧一員、尹一員，專總府事； 少尹二員，分左右，貳府之政事。 牧以皇子領之。 尹以文臣充，在六曹尚書之下、侍郎之上。 少尹在左右司郎官之下、列曹郎官之上。 以士、戶、儀、兵、刑、工為六曹次序，司錄二員，六曹各二員，參軍事八員。 開封、祥符兩縣置案仿此。 易胥吏之稱，略依《唐六典》制度。」 又請移開封府治所於舊尚書省，從之。 〈（太宗、真宗嘗任府尹，自到道後，知府者必帶「權」字，蔡京乃以潛邸之號處臣下，建置曹官以上凡十六員，比舊增要官十一員，）〉 五年，詔開封府屬官參軍待並依舊員額。 大觀元年，李孝壽乞增置府學博士一員。 從之。 詔：「開封六職閑劇不同，如士曹之官，唯主到罷批書，而刑、戶事繁，自今凡士之婚田鬥訟皆在士曹，餘曹仿此。」 二年，詔皇子領牧，祿令如執政官，又詔天下州郡並依開封府分曹置掾。 政和二年，復置開封府學錢糧官一員。 五年，盛章奏：乞依尚書六部置架閣主管官一員。 宣和元年，聶山奏：司錄、六曹官乞依省部少監封敘。 詔修入條令。
In 1104, Cai Jing asked to abolish the acting prefect and install an Intendant and a Prefect with full authority over the capital government. two Junior Prefects, one on each flank, would assist in daily administration. An imperial prince would hold the Intendancy. A civil official would serve as Prefect, ranking below ministry directors but above vice directors. Junior Prefects stood below the Left and Right Office directors and above the bureau gentlemen. Six bureaus—Gentlemen, Household, Rites, Military, Justice, and Works—each had two officers, with two registrars and eight general assistants besides. Kaifeng and Xiangfu counties organized their offices on the same pattern. Clerical titles were renamed, loosely modeled on the Tang Six Codes. He also won approval to move the prefectural yamen into the former Ministry of Personnel compound. (Emperors Taizong and Zhenzong had served as metropolitan prefect; after Daodao every appointee had to be "acting prefect"; Cai Jing now draped his men in princely household titles, creating sixteen bureau-level posts—eleven more than the old establishment.) In 1105, Kaifeng's subordinate assistants were held to the former staffing limits. In 1107, Li Xiaoshou asked for another doctorate instructor at the prefectural school. Approved. An edict reorganized the six bureaus: the Gentlemen Bureau had been idle while Justice and Household were overwhelmed, so marriage, land, and brawl cases for the gentry were shifted to Gentlemen, with other bureaus adjusted likewise. The next year princes serving as Intendant received chief-minister salaries, and every prefecture was told to copy Kaifeng's bureau-clerk system. In 1112, Kaifeng restored a school finance officer for grain funds. In 1115, Sheng Zhang asked for an archive chief modeled on the Six Ministries. In 1119, Nie Shan proposed that registrars and six-bureau officers receive the same promotion titles as junior directors in the central ministries. The court ordered the rule written into statute.
33
【監安府】舊為杭州，領浙西兵馬鈴轄，建炎三年，詔改為臨安府，其守臣令帶浙西同安撫使。 時置帥在鎮江府，紹興駐驆安遂正稱安撫使置知府一員、通判二員，簽書節度判官廳公事、節度推官、觀察推官、觀察判官、錄事參軍、左司理參軍、右司理參軍、司戶參軍、司法參軍各一員。
Lin'an Prefecture had been Hangzhou and commanded Western Zhejiang troops; in 1129 it was renamed Lin'an, and its prefect also served as Western Zhejiang co-pacification commissioner. The supreme commander remained at Zhenjiang until Shaoxing made Lin'an the capital and regularized the pacification commission; the prefecture then had a prefect, two vice prefects, and single posts for secretariat, military, and observation staff, plus recorder, judicial, household, and law assistants.
34
本府掌畿甸之事，籍其戶口，均其賦役，頒其禁令。 城外內分南北左右廂，各置廂官，以聽民之訟訴。 〈（廂官許奏辟京朝官親民資序人充，後以臣僚言，罷城內兩廂官，惟城外置焉。）〉 分使臣十員，以緝捕在城盜賊。 立五酒務，置監官以裕財。 分六都監界分，差兵一百四十八鋪以巡防煙火。 置兩總轄，承受御前朝旨文字。 凡禦寶、禦批、實封有所取索，則供進； 凡省，台、寺、監、監司符牒及管下諸縣及倉場等申到公事，則受而理之； 凡大禮及國信，隨事應辦，祠祭共其禮料，會聚陳其幄帟，人使往來，辨其舟楫，皆先期飭於有司。
Lin'an handled capital-region administration: household registers, tax and corvée assessments, and the promulgation of local bans. The city inside and out was split into north, south, left, and right wards, each with an officer to hear residents' suits. (Ward officers could nominate capital officials of close-service rank; later, after officials objected, inner-city ward posts were abolished and only outer wards kept officers.) Ten imperial envoys were detailed to hunt down urban bandits. Five government wine offices, each with a supervisor, were set up to swell the treasury. The capital was divided into six patrol zones, with soldiers at 148 fire-watch posts. Two chief coordinators received memorials bearing the emperor's personal instructions. When the palace needed imperial seals, endorsements, or sealed packets, the coordinators furnished them; they also received and processed paperwork from ministries, courts, temples, bureaus, commissions, and subordinate counties and granaries; for state ceremonies and diplomatic letters they made advance arrangements with the proper agencies, supplying ritual goods, ceremonial hangings, and boats for foreign envoys.
35
領縣九，分士、戶、儀、兵、刑、工六案。 內戶案分上、中、下案，外有免役案、常平案、上下開拆司、財賦司、大禮局、國信司、排辦司、修造司，各治其事。 置吏：點檢文字、都孔目官、副孔目官、節度孔目官、觀察孔目官各一名，磨勘司主押官、正開拆官、副開拆官各一人，下名開拆官二名，押司官八人，前後行守分二十一人，貼司三十人。
Nine counties reported to the prefecture, whose work ran through six bureaus—Gentlemen, Household, Rites, Military, Justice, and Works. Household affairs split into upper, middle, and lower desks, alongside separate offices for corvée exemption, ever-normal granaries, mail opening, revenue, grand rites, diplomatic letters, logistics, and construction—each with its own staff. Staff included a document examiner, chief and deputy chief clerks, military and observation clerks, an auditing chief, opening and registry officers, twenty-one shift clerks, and thirty copyists.
36
乾道七年，皇太子領尹事，廢臨安府通判、簽判職官。 置少尹一員，日受民詞以白太子，間日率僚屬詣宮稟事。 置判官二員、推官三員。 有旨，少伊比仿知府，判官比通判，推官比幕職官，其統臨職分，並照從來條例。 九年，皇太子解尹事，臨安府知、通、簽判、推判官並依舊置。 既據保義郎趙禮之狀：「臨安府依條合置兵馬監押一員。 經任監當四員，初任監當闕一員，昨皇太子領府尹更不差注，今既辭免，乞將宗室添差員闕衣舊。」 從之。 淳熙三年，詔罷備攝官，惟緝捕使臣十二員、聽候差使六員許令辟置。 嘉泰四年，詔臨安府添差不厘務總管路鈐二十員。 州鈐轄、路分都監、副都監二十員。 正、副將十五員。 安撫司淮備將領十五員，州都監以下十員。 共以八十員為額。 尋減總管路鈐五員。 開禧三年，復省罷總管、路分共六員。
In 1171 the crown prince took the metropolitan prefecture and Lin'an abolished its vice prefect and signing judge. A Junior Prefect heard petitions each day and relayed them to the crown prince, leading the staff to the palace on alternate days. Two judges and three investigating officers were added. An order equated the Junior Prefect to the prefect, judges to vice prefects, and investigating officers to staff aides, with duties unchanged from earlier rules. In 1173, after the crown prince stepped down, the prefect, vice prefect, signing judge, and investigating judges were reinstated. Zhao Li, a Protector of Righteousness Gentleman, petitioned that Lin'an was required by statute to maintain one military horse supervisor. Four seasoned supervisors were serving but one entry post was empty; the crown prince's tenure had frozen appointments; now that he has withdrawn, please fill the clan supplemental slots under the old rules." Approved. In 1176, reserve deputies were cut; only twelve arrest envoys and six officers awaiting assignment could be nominated. In 1204, Lin'an was allowed twenty supplemental general route controllers without regular duties. It also added twenty prefectural controllers and route branch chief and deputy supervisors. Fifteen chief and deputy generals were authorized. Fifteen reserve commanders for the pacification bureau on the Huai, plus ten posts from prefectural chief supervisor downward. Together these posts capped at eighty. Five general route controllers were soon removed. In 1207, six more general route and branch supervisory posts were cut.
37
【河南應天府】牧尹少尹司錄戶曹法曹士曹尹以下掌同開封府，尹闕則置知府事一人， 〈（以郎中以上充，二品以上曰判府。 次府及節度州淮此。）〉 通判一人， 〈（以朝官充。）〉 判官、推官各一人， 〈（或以京朝官簽書。）〉 使院牙職、左右軍巡悉同開封，而主、典以下差減其數。 戶曹通掌府院戶籍、考課、稅賦，法曹專掌讞議，士曹或蔭敘起家，不常置。 〈（諸州府同。 至道初，罷司理院，州置司士，取官吏強慢者為，給簿、尉奉。）〉 助教有特恩而受者，不厘務。
Henan and Yingtian prefectures mirrored Kaifeng's structure from the Prefect down through registrars and household, law, and gentlemen bureaus; when no Prefect served, an acting prefect took charge, (filled by a court official of registrar rank or higher; officials of second rank or above were styled "Prefect-adjudicator.") (Secondary prefectures and military commission capitals followed the same rule.) a single vice prefect, (filled by a capital court official.) one judicial judge and one investigating officer apiece, (or by a capital official holding concurrent signing authority.) The envoy court's gate staff and left and right military patrols matched Kaifeng's setup, but chief clerks and below were staffed at reduced quotas. Household affairs covered registers, merit reviews, and taxes; law officers handled case deliberation alone; the Gentlemen Bureau, often filled by inherited privilege, was not a permanent post. (The same rule applied to every prefecture. In the mid-990s the judicial review office was abolished; prefectures instead appointed a court gentleman drawn from the most forceful local officers, paid at registrar and assistant rates.) Teaching assistants appointed by special favor were excused from regular duties.
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【次府】牧尹少尹司錄戶曹法曹士曹司理文學助教牧、尹以下所掌並同開封， 〈（大中祥符八年，以楚王為興元牧，其後又為京兆、江陵牧，自餘無為者。）〉 尹闕則知府事一人， 〈（以朝官及刺史以上或諸司使充。）〉 通判一人， 〈（以京朝官充。 乾德初，諸州置通判，統治軍、州之政，事得專達，與長吏均禮。 大藩或置兩員。 戶少事簡有不置者，正刺史以上州知州，雖小處亦特置。）〉 使院牙職事並同前。
Title: Secondary Prefectures. The Intendant, Prefect, Junior Prefect, registrar, household, law, and gentlemen bureaus, judicial review, erudite, and teaching assistant—from the Intendant down—handled the same duties as Kaifeng, (In 1015 the King of Chu became Intendant of Xingyuan, later also of Jingzhao and Jiangling; after that no further appointments were made.) When the Prefect's seat was empty, one acting prefect took charge, (filled by a capital official of prefect rank or higher, or by a bureau commissioner.) one vice prefect, (filled by a capital court official. In the early 960s every prefecture gained a vice prefect to oversee military and civil government; he reported directly to court and was treated as the prefect's equal in ceremony. Large prefectures could have two. Sparse or quiet districts sometimes had none, but any prefecture whose prefect held regular governor rank—even a small one—was specially given a vice prefect.) The envoy court's gate staff followed the same rules as before.
39
【節度使】宋初無所掌，其事務悉歸本州知州、通判兼總之，亦無定員。 恩數與執政同。 初除，鎖院降麻，其禮尤異，以待宗室近屬、外戚、國壻年勞久次者。 若外任，除殿帥始授此官，亦止於一員； 或有功勳顯著，任帥守於外，及前宰執拜者，尤不輕授。 又遵唐制，以節度使兼中書令、或侍中、或中書門下平章事，皆謂之使相，以待勳賢故老及宰相久次罷政者； 隨其舊職或檢校官加節度使出判大藩，通謂之使相。 元豐以新製，始改為開府儀同三司。 舊制，敕出中書門下，故事之大者使相係銜。 至是，皆南省奉行，而開府不預。
Title: Military Commissioner. Early in the dynasty the title carried no executive power; the prefect and vice prefect of the home prefecture ran everything, and there was no fixed number of appointees. Its ceremonial privileges matched those of chief ministers. First appointments were sealed in the academy and announced by hemp decree in an especially elaborate ceremony, reserved for close imperial kin, affinal relatives, imperial sons-in-law, and men of long service. Outside the capital it was first granted only when a palace commander left that post, and only to one man at a time; men of outstanding merit commanding in the provinces, or former chief ministers, were especially unlikely to receive it casually. Following Tang practice, a military commissioner might also hold Grand Counselor, Palace Attendant, or Grand Councilor—all styled commissioner-ministers—for meritorious elders and long-serving retired chief ministers; or, retaining his former or acting rank, he was sent out as military commissioner to govern a major prefecture and was commonly called a commissioner-minister. Under Yuanfeng's new regulations the title was first changed to Palace Keeper with Equal Ceremony to the Three Dukes. Under the old rule edicts came from the Secretariat; major precedents required commissioner-ministers to co-sign. Now the southern ministries handled everything, and the Palace Keeper no longer took part.
40
八年，鎮江軍節度使、檢校太傅韓絳為開府儀同三司、判大名府。 元祐五年，太師、平章軍國重事文彥博為開府儀同三司、守太師、充護國軍山南西道節度使致仕。 自崇寧五年司空、左僕射蔡京為開府儀同三司、安遠軍節度使、中太一宮使，其後故相而除則有劉正夫、餘深，前執政則有蔡攸、梁子美，外戚則有向宗回、宗良、鄭紳、錢景臻，殿帥則有高俅，內侍則有童貫、梁師成。 宣和末，節度使至六十人，議者以為濫。 〈（親王、皇子二十六人，宗室十一人，前執政二人，大將四人，外戚十人，宦者恩澤計七人。）〉
In 1085 Han Jiang, military commissioner of Zhenjiang Army and Acting Grand Mentor, became Palace Keeper with Equal Ceremony and was assigned to adjudicate Daming Prefecture. In 1090 Grand Preceptor Wen Yanbo, who was directing state affairs, became Palace Keeper with Equal Ceremony, kept his grand preceptorship, and retired as military commissioner of Huguo Army on the Southwestern Shanxi Circuit. From 1106 Cai Jing, Minister of Works and Left Vice Director, received Palace Keeper with Equal Ceremony, the Anyuan military commission, and the Central Grand Unity Palace; later former chancellors Liu Zhengfu and Yu Shen, former chief ministers Cai You and Liang Zimei, affinal kin Xiang Zonghui, Zongliang, Zheng Shen, and Qian Jingzhen, palace commander Gao Qiu, and eunuchs Tong Guan and Liang Shicheng were among those so honored. By the end of the Xuanhe era there were sixty military commissioners, which critics called excessive. (Twenty-six imperial princes and imperial sons, eleven clansmen, two former chief ministers, four great generals, ten affinal relatives, and seven eunuchs favored by grace.)
41
中興，諸州升改節鎮凡十有二。 是時，諸將勳名有兼兩鎮、三鎮者，實為希闊之典。 〈（宋朝元臣拜兩鎮節度使者才三人：韓琦、文彥博、中興後呂頤浩是也。 三公卒辭之。 而諸大將若韓、張、呂、嶽、楊劉之流，率至兩鎮節度使，其後加至三鎮者三人：韓世忠鎮南、武安、寧國，張俊靜江、寧武、靜海，劉錡護國、寧武、保靜。）〉 其後相承，宰執從官及后妃之族拜者不一。 然自建炎至嘉泰，宰相特拜者六人，呂頤浩、張浚、虞允文皆以勳，史浩以舊，趙雄、葛邲以恩。 執政一人， 〈（葉右丞夢得。）〉 從官二人而已。 〈（張端明澄、楊敷學倓。）〉 惟紹興中曹勳、韓公裔，乾道中曾覿，嘉泰中薑特立、譙令雍，皆以攀附恩澤，亦累官至焉，非常制也。
After the Restoration twelve prefectures were elevated or converted into military commission capitals. By then celebrated generals might hold two or even three military commissions—a truly rare honor. (Only three Song great ministers ever held two military commissions: Han Qi, Wen Yanbo, and after the Restoration Lu Yihau. The Three Dukes always declined the honor. Field commanders such as Han, Zhang, Lü, Yue, and the Yang and Liu families usually held two commissions; only three later held three—Han Shizhong (Zhennan, Wu'an, Ningguo), Zhang Jun (Jingjiang, Ningwu, Jinghai), and Liu Qi (Huguo, Ningwu, Baojing).) The practice continued, and many chief ministers, court attendants, and consort kin received the title. Yet from Jianyan to Jiatai only six chief ministers received it by special appointment: Lü Yihau, Zhang Jun, and Yu Yunwen for merit; Shi Hao for seniority; Zhao Xiong and Ge Tan for favor. One chief minister, (Right Vice Director Ye Mengde.) and only two attendant officials. (Bright-Illumination Academician Zhang Cheng and Academician Yang Tan.) Only in Shaoxing Cao Xun and Han Gongyi, in Qiandao Zeng Di, and in Jiatai Jiang Teli and Qiao Lingyong—through court favor—also rose to the post repeatedly, outside the normal rule.
42
【承宣使】無定員，舊名節度觀察留後。 政和七年，詔：「觀察留後乃五季藩鎮官以所親信留充後務之稱，不可循用，可冠以軍名，改為承宣使。」 唐有留後，五代因之，宋初，留後、觀察皆不得本州刺史。 大中祥符七年，令有司檢討故事，始復帶之。
Title: Commissioner of Promotion. There was no fixed quota; the old name was Military Observation Deputy. In 1117 an edict declared: "The observation deputy was a Five Dynasties frontier title for a commander's trusted retainer left behind to manage rear affairs and must not be reused; prefix it with an army name and rename it Commissioner of Promotion." Tang had such deputies; the Five Dynasties kept them; early in the Song, deputies and observers could not also serve as the home prefecture's governor. In 1014 the court ordered a review of precedents and again allowed concurrent appointment.
43
【觀察使】無定員。 初沿唐制置諸州觀察使。 凡諸衛將軍及使遙領者，資品並止本官敘，政和中，詔承宣、觀察使仍不帶持節等。
Title: Observation Commissioner. There was no fixed quota. At first the Tang practice of observation commissioners for various prefectures was followed. Guard generals and commissioners holding titles in absentia ranked by their base office; in Zhenghe an edict said commissioners of promotion and observation still did not carry credential tokens and the like.
44
【防禦使】團練使諸州刺史無定員。 靖康元年，臣僚言：「遙郡、正任恩數遼絕，自遙郡適正任者，合次第轉行。 今自遙郡與落階官而授正任，直超轉本等正官，是皆奸巧希進躐取。 乞應遙郡承宣使有功勞除正任者，止除正任刺史。」 從之。 凡未落階官者為遙郡，除落階官者為正任。 朝謁禦宴，惟正任預焉。 遙郡並止本官敘，正任復次第轉行，考之舊制，梯級有差。 中興以後，節度移鎮浸少，後有一定不易徑遷太尉； 承宣、觀察徑作一官，及遙郡落階官久就除正任。 紹興末，臣僚以為言，雖復置檢校官，餘未盡改。
Title: Defense Commissioner and Training Commissioner. Prefectural governors had no fixed quota. In 1126 officials memorialized: "Remote-hold and regular-hold titles differ greatly in privilege; promotion from remote-hold to regular-hold should proceed step by step. Today men jump from remote-hold or demoted-rank posts straight to full regular-hold rank—an obvious trick to leapfrog promotion. We ask that a remote-hold commissioner of promotion promoted for merit receive only regular-hold prefect, not higher rank. Approved. Anyone still carrying a demoted rank was remote-hold; once the demoted rank was removed he was regular-hold. Only regular-hold officers attended court audience and imperial banquets. Remote-hold titles ranked only by the base office, while regular-hold advanced in steps; under the old rules the ladder was clearly graded. After the Restoration military commission transfers grew rare, and later a fixed path no longer led easily straight to Grand Marshal; commissioners of promotion and observation were treated as one rank, and remote-hold officers who had long since shed demoted rank were quickly given regular-hold. In late Shaoxing officials raised the issue; although acting titles were restored, the other abuses were not fully corrected.