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職官八 〈(合班之制)〉 ○建隆以後合班之制
Official Posts, Part Eight (Regulations for combined court ranking.) ○ Regulations for combined court ranking after the Jianlong reign (960–976)
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中書令侍中同中書門下平章事 〈(已上為宰相。)〉 親王、樞宏使、留守、節度、京尹兼中書令、侍中、同中書門下平章事 〈(已上並為使相。)〉 尚書令太師太尉太傅太保司徒司空 〈(舊儀,太師、太傅、太保為三師。 太尉、司徒、司空為三公。 太尉在太保下。 國朝以來,自太傅除太尉,今依此次序。 其三師、三公之稱如舊儀製。)〉 樞密使知樞密院事參知政事 〈(舊在樞密使下。)〉 樞密副使 〈(舊在知院之上。)〉 同知樞密院事宣徽南院、北院使簽書樞密院事 〈(參政以下班位臨時取奏裁)〉 太子太師、太傅、太保左、右僕射太子少師、少傅、少保諸府牧開封、河南、應天、大名、江陵、興元、真定、江寧、京兆、鳳翔、河中。 又有大都督、大都護,今皆領使,無特為者。 御史大夫觀文殿大學士 〈(舊無此位。)〉 六尚書 〈(吏、兵、戶、刑、禮、工。)〉 左、右金吾衛左、右衛上將軍門下、中書侍郎 〈(舊在尚書下。)〉 節度使 〈(泰寧、武寧、彰信、鎮海、天平、安化、武成。 忠武、鎮海、可陽、山南東道、武勝、崇信、昭化、保康、天雄、成德、鎮寧、彰德、永清、安國、威德、靜難、彰化、雄武、保大、淮南、忠正、保信、保靜、集慶、建康、寧國、鎮南、昭信、荊南、寧海、武昌、安遠、武安、鎮東、平江、鎮江、宣德、保寧、康國、威武、建寧、益州、安靜、武信、山南西道、昭武、安德、武定、寧海、寧江、武康、清海、靜江、寧遠、建武、高州定南、密州靜海、涼州西河、沙州歸義、洮州保順、應州彰國、威城、昌化、豐州、天德、朔州振武、雲州大同。)〉 觀文殿學士 〈(舊曰文明殿,若學士官尚書者自從本班。)〉 資政殿大學士三司使 〈(與觀文、資政班位臨時取裁。)〉 玉清昭應宮、景靈宮、會靈觀副使 〈(與三司使、翰林學士班位臨時取裁。)〉 翰林學士承旨翰林學士資政殿學士翰林侍讀、侍講學士龍圖閣學士天章閣學士樞密直學士龍圖直學士天章直學士左、右散騎常侍 〈(舊在諸衛上將軍下。)〉 六統軍 〈(左、右龍武左、右羽林、左右神武,)〉 諸衛上將軍 〈(左、右驍衛左、右武衛左、右屯衛左、右領軍衛左、右千牛衛。)〉 太子賓客太常、宗正卿御史中丞 〈(權中丞立中丞磚位。 內殿起居日止立本官班。)〉 左、右丞諸行侍郎節度觀察留後給事中左、右諫議大夫中書舍人知制誥龍圖閣待制天章閣待制觀察使秘書監光錄、衛尉、太僕、大理、鴻臚、司農、太府卿內客省使國子祭酒殿中、少府、將作監景福殿使延福宮使客省使開封、河南、應天、大名尹太子詹事諸王傅司天監諸衛大將軍太子左右庶子引進使防禦使 〈(齊、濟、沂、登、萊、鄭、汝、蔡、潁、均、郢、懷、衛、博、磁、洺、棣、深、瀛、雄、霸、莫、代、絳、解、龍、和、蘄、舒、復、眉、象、陸、果。)〉 團練使 〈(單、濮、濰、唐、祁、冀、隰、忻、成、鳳、海、鼎。)〉 三司鹽鐵、度支、戶部副使 〈(官至諫議大夫已上,從本官。)〉 玉清昭應宮、景靈宮、會靈觀判官太常寺、宗正少卿秘書少監光錄等寺七寺少卿宣慶使四方館使國子司業殿中、少府、將作少監開封、河南、應天、大名少尹太子少詹事、左右諭德太子家令太子率更令太子仆諸州刺史 〈(淄、趙、德、濱、保、並、汾、澤、遼、憲、嵐、石、虢、坊、丹、階、乾、商、寧、原、慶、渭、儀、環、楚、泰、泗、濠、光、滁、通、黃、真、舒、江、池、饒、信、太平、吉、袁、撫、筠、嶽、澧、峽、歸、辰、衡、永、全、郴、邵、常、秀、溫、台、衢、睦、處、南劍、汀、漳、綿、漢、彭、邛、蜀、嘉、簡、黎、雅、維、茂、資、榮、昌、普、渠、合、戎、瀘、興、劍、文、集、壁、巴、蓬、龍、施、萬、開、達、涪、渝、昭、循、潮、連、梅、英、賀、封、南雄、端、新、康、恩、春、惠、韶、梧、藤、龔、象、潯、貴、賓、橫、融、化、竇、高、雷、南儀、欽、鬱林、廉、瓊、崖、儋、萬安。)〉 諸王府長史、司馬司天少監樞密都承旨 〈(如客省使以下充者,依本職同班。 如閤門使充。 即在閤門使之上。 如自見任內客省使以下轉南班官充。 亦與同班,仍在舊職之上。 如自客省副使以下轉南班官充者,並在閤門使之上。)〉 宣政使昭宣使東上、西上閤門使樞密承旨樞密副都承旨諸軍衛將軍起居郎起居舍人知雜御史侍御史諸行郎中 〈(左右司吏部兵部司封司勳考功職方駕部庫部度支戶部金部倉部刑部都官比部司門禮部工部祠部主客膳部屯田虞部水部。)〉 皇城以下諸司使 〈(皇城洛苑右騏驥尚食左騏驥禦廚內藏庫軍器左藏儀鸞南作坊弓箭庫北作坊衣庫莊宅六宅文思東作坊內苑牛羊如京東綾錦香藥崇儀榷易西京左、右藏氈毯西綾錦西京作坊鞍轡庫東染院酒坊西染院法酒庫禮賓翰林醫官供備庫。)〉 樞密院副承旨、諸房副承 〈(旨如帶南班官者,在諸司使之下; 不帶南班官者,在皇城副使之上。)〉 殿中侍御史左、右司諫諸行員外郎客省引進、西門副使左、右正言監察御史太常博士皇城以下諸司副使諸次府少尹大都督府左、右司馬 〈(兗、徐、潞、陝、揚、杭、越、福。)〉 通事舍人國子博士《春秋》、《禮記》、《毛詩》、《尚書》、《周易》博士都水使者開封、祥符、河南、洛陽、宋城縣令太常、宗正、秘書丞著作郎殿中丞內殿承製殿中省尚食、尚藥、尚衣、尚舍、尚乘、尚輦奉御大理正太子中允、左右讚善大夫內殿崇班閤門祗候太子中舍、洗馬太子諸率府率左、右衛左、右監門左、右清道左右司禦。 樞密院兵房、吏房、戶房、禮房副承旨東頭、西頭供奉官太子諸率府副率諸衛中郎將 〈(左、右金吾左、右衛左、右千牛左、右羽林。)〉 郎將 〈(左、右金吾左、右衛。)〉 左、右侍禁諸王友諸王府諮議參軍 〈(官高者從本官。)〉 司天春官、夏官、中官、秋官、冬官正節度行軍司馬、副使秘書郎左、右班殿直著作佐郎大理寺丞諸寺、監丞大地評事太學、廣文博士太常太祝、奉禮郎秘書省校書郎、正字御史臺、諸寺、監主簿國子助教廣文、太學、四門、書學、算學博士律學助教書、算學無助教。 司天靈台郎、保章正、挈壺正三班奉職、借職防禦、團練副使留守、京府、節度、觀察推官節度掌書記觀察支使防禦、團練判官留守、京府、節度、觀察推官軍事判官防禦、團練、軍事推官軍、監判官諸軍別駕、長史、司馬司錄、錄事參軍司理參軍三京府軍巡判官在諸曹參軍之下。 諸州諸司參軍軍巡判官諸縣令赤縣丞諸縣主簿、尉諸軍文學、參軍、助教。
Secretariat Director, Palace Attendant, and Grand Councillor (The above offices are those of the chief ministers.) Imperial princes, military affairs commissioners, regional protectors, jiedushi, and capital prefects who also serve as Secretariat Director, Palace Attendant, or Grand Councillor (The above are all commissioner-grand councillors.) Director of the Department of State Affairs, the Three Preceptors (Grand Preceptor, Grand Tutor, Grand Guardian), and the Three Excellencies (Grand Commandant, Minister of Education, Minister of Works) (Under the former protocol, the Grand Preceptor, Grand Tutor, and Grand Guardian formed the Three Preceptors. The Grand Commandant, Minister of Education, and Minister of Works were the Three Excellencies. In the old order, the Grand Commandant stood below the Grand Guardian. Since the founding of the dynasty, promotion has run from Grand Tutor to Grand Commandant, and the present ranking follows that sequence. The titles of the Three Preceptors and Three Excellencies remain as in the former protocol.) Military Affairs Commissioner, Administrator of the Bureau of Military Affairs, and Associate Administrator (Formerly ranked below the Military Affairs Commissioner.) Vice Commissioner of Military Affairs (Formerly ranked above the bureau administrator.) Associate Military Affairs Administrator, Commissioners of the Southern and Northern Palace Secretariat Bureaus, and Deputy Commissioner for Military Affairs documents (From the Associate Administrator downward, seating order was set case by case by imperial decision.) Preceptors and tutors of the heir apparent; left and right vice directors; junior preceptors and tutors of the heir; and the prefects of Kaifeng, Henan, Yingtian, Daming, Jiangling, Xingyuan, Zhending, Jiangning, Jingzhao, Fengxiang, and Hezhong. Great Area Commanders and Great Protectors also existed, but today all such posts are held concurrently with commissioner ranks, and no one holds them as a standalone appointment. Censor-in-Chief and Grand Academician of the Hall for Viewing Literature (This was not an office under the former protocol.) The six ministers of the Department of State Affairs (Personnel, War, Revenue, Justice, Rites, and Public Works.) Commanders of the left and right Golden Crow Guards; senior generals of the left and right guards; and vice directors of the Chancellery and Secretariat (Formerly ranked below the six ministers.) Military commissioners (jiedushi) (Including Taining, Wuning, Zhangxin, Zhenhai, Tianping, Anhua, and Wucheng. Along with Zhongwu, Zhenhai, Heyang, Shannan East, Wusheng, Chongxin, Zhaohua, Baokang, Tianxiong, Chengde, Zhenning, Zhangde, Yongqing, Anguo, Weide, Jingnan, Zhanghua, Xiongwu, Baoda, Huainan, Zhongzheng, Baoxin, Baojing, Jiqing, Jiankang, Ningguo, Zhennan, Zhaoxin, Jingnan, Ninghai, Wuchang, Anyuan, Wu'an, Zhendong, Pingjiang, Zhenjiang, Xuande, Baoning, Kangguo, Weiwu, Jianning, Yizhou, Anjing, Wuxin, Shannan West, Zhaowu, Ande, Wuding, Ninghai, Ningjiang, Wukang, Qinghai, Jingjiang, Ningyuan, Jianwu, Dingnan of Gaozhou, Jinghai of Mizhou, Xihe of Liangzhou, Guiyi of Shazhou, Baoshun of Taozhou, Zhangguo of Yingzhou, Weicheng, Changhua, Fengzhou, Tiande, Zhenwu of Shuozhou, and Datong of Yunzhou.) Academician of the Hall for Viewing Literature (Formerly the Hall of Civilization; if an academician also serves as a minister, he takes his place according to that ministerial rank.) Grand Academician of the Hall for Assisting Governance and Commissioner of the Three Fiscal Commissions (Seating relative to the Viewing Literature and Assisting Governance academicians was set case by case by imperial decision.) Vice commissioners of the Yuqing Zhaoying Palace, Jingling Palace, and Huiling Abbey (Seating relative to the fiscal commissioner and Hanlin academicians was set case by case by imperial decision.) Hanlin expositor and academicians; Assisting Governance academician; Hanlin readers and lecturers; Dragon Diagram and Heavenly Writ pavilion academicians; direct academicians of Military Affairs, Dragon Diagram, and Heavenly Writ; and left and right regular attendants of the cavalry (Formerly ranked below the guard senior generals.) The six army commands (Left and Right Dragon Martial, Left and Right Forest of Feathers, and Left and Right Divine Martial.) Senior generals of the guard units (Left and Right Valiant Guards, Martial Guards, Garrison Guards, Army Aide Guards, and Thousand-Ox Guards.) Host of the heir apparent; directors of the Sacrifices and Imperial Clan courts; and vice censor-in-chief (An acting vice censor-in-chief stood in the vice censor's place on the court floor. On days of attendance in the inner palace, he took his place only according to his substantive office.) Left and right vice directors; bureau vice ministers; deputies of military and surveillance commissioners; supervising secretaries; remonstrance officials; secretariat drafters and edict drafters; Dragon Diagram and Heavenly Writ expectants; surveillance commissioners; the secretariat director and directors of the imperial courts; inner reception commissioner; chancellor of the directorate of education; palace, minor crafts, and construction directors; palace commissioners; prefects of the four capitals; grand mentor and tutors; astronomy director; guard major generals; aides to the heir; reception and defense commissioners (Qi, Ji, Yi, Deng, Lai, Zheng, Ru, Cai, Ying, Jun, Ying, Huai, Wei, Bo, Ci, Ming, Di, Shen, Ying, Xiong, Ba, Mo, Dai, Jiang, Xie, Long, He, Qi, Shu, Fu, Mei, Xiang, Lu, and Guo.) Training commissioners (tuanlian shi) (Shan, Pu, Wei, Tang, Qi, Ji, Xi, Xin, Cheng, Feng, Hai, and Ding.) Deputy commissioners of the Salt and Iron, Expenditure, and Revenue bureaus (If one already held the rank of remonstrance official or higher, he took his place according to that substantive office.) Palace and abbey administrators; vice directors of the sacrifices, imperial clan, and secretariat courts and the seven courts; Xuanging and Four Directions commissioners; vice chancellor of education; palace, crafts, and construction vice directors; vice prefects of the four capitals; junior mentors and household officers of the heir; and prefects of the various prefectures (Including the prefectures of Zi, Zhao, De, Bin, Bao, Bing, Fen, Ze, Liao, Xian, Lan, Shi, Guo, Fang, Dan, Jie, Qian, Shang, Ning, Yuan, Qing, Wei, Yi, Huan, Chu, Tai, Si, Hao, Guang, Chu, Tong, Huang, Zhen, Shu, Jiang, Chi, Rao, Xin, Taiping, Ji, Yuan, Fu, Jun, Yue, Li, Xia, Gui, Chen, Heng, Yong, Quan, Chen, Shao, Chang, Xiu, Wen, Tai, Qu, Mu, Chu, Nanjian, Ting, Zhang, Mian, Han, Peng, Qiong, Shu, Jia, Jian, Li, Ya, Wei, Mao, Zi, Rong, Chang, Pu, Qu, He, Rong, Lu, Xing, Jian, Wen, Ji, Bi, Ba, Peng, Long, Shi, Wan, Kai, Da, Fu, Yu, Zhao, Xun, Chao, Lian, Mei, Ying, He, Feng, Nanxiong, Duan, Xin, Kang, En, Chun, Hui, Shao, Wu, Teng, Gong, Xiang, Xun, Gui, Bin, Heng, Rong, Hua, Dou, Gao, Lei, Nanyi, Qin, Yulin, Lian, Qiong, Ya, Dan, and Wan'an.) Chief administrators and administrators of princely establishments; vice director of the astronomy bureau; and chief reception officer of the Bureau of Military Affairs (If appointed from the reception commissioner or lower offices, he ranked with his substantive post in the same assembly. If appointed from the gate commissioner. Ranking above the gate commissioner. If transferred from a current inner reception commissioner post or lower to a southern-rank office. Also ranking in the same assembly but still above the former post. If transferred from vice reception commissioner or lower to a southern-rank office, all stood above the gate commissioner.) Xuanzheng and Zhaoxuan commissioners; eastern and western upper gate commissioners; military affairs reception officers; guard generals; court diary directors and attendants; supervising miscellaneous censor; attending censor; and various bureau directors (Left and right secretariat offices and the bureaus of Personnel, War, Credentials, Honors, Evaluation, Military Appointments, Transport, Storehouses, Expenditure, Revenue, Currency, Granaries, Justice, Punishments, Review, Gates, Rites, Works, Sacrificial Affairs, Foreign Guests, Provisions, Agriculture, Forestry, and Waterways.) Commissioners of the Imperial City and subordinate offices (Including the Imperial City, Luoyang Park, right and left Qiji, imperial food service and kitchen, inner treasury, armory, left treasury, ceremonial escort, southern and northern workshops, bow and arrow storehouse, garment storehouse, estates, six residences, literary craft, eastern workshops, inner park, cattle and sheep, capital provision, eastern brocade, fragrant medicines, honored ceremonial, monopoly exchange, western capital treasuries, felt and rugs, western brocade and workshops, saddle and bridle storehouse, eastern and western dyeing offices, wine offices, ceremonial guests, Hanlin medical officer, and supply storehouse.) Deputy reception officers of the Bureau of Military Affairs and its various sections (If the reception officer also held a southern-rank title, he stood below the various office commissioners; if he did not hold a southern-rank title, he stood above the vice commissioner of the Imperial City.) Palace attending censor; left and right secretariat remonstrators; bureau vice directors; vice reception and western gate commissioners; left and right rectifiers; investigating censor; sacrifices erudite; vice commissioners of the imperial city and subordinate offices; vice prefects of secondary prefectures; and administrators of superior prefectures (Yan, Xu, Lu, Shan, Yang, Hang, Yue, and Fu.) Courier gentleman; directorate erudites of the 《Spring and Autumn》, 《Record of Rites》, 《Mao Odes》, 《Documents》, and 《Changes》; waterways commissioner; magistrates of Kaifeng, Xiangfu, Henan, Luoyang, and Songcheng; assistant directors and author; palace director and inner-palace drafter; palace provisioners; judgments reviewer; attendants and mentors of the heir; inner-palace honored attendants and gate attendants; heir's attendants, groom, and guard commanders; guard, gatekeeper, and clear-way officers; and palace cavalry officers Deputy reception officers of the war, personnel, revenue, and rites sections; eastern and western head attendants; vice commanders of the heir's guard offices; and guard middle generals (Left and Right Golden Crow, Guards, Thousand-Ox, and Forest of Feathers.) Guard generals— (Left and Right Golden Crow Guards and Guards.) Left and right attendant guards; friends of imperial princes; and advisory staff of princely households (Officials of higher rank were seated according to their primary office.) Directors of the five seasonal astronomy offices; expeditionary staff officers and deputies; secretariat gentlemen; class attendants; assistant authors; judgments assistants; directorate and supervisorate assistants; judgments reviewers; academy and broad-learning erudites; sacrifices invocators and ritual gentlemen; secretariat proofreaders and standard-bearers; censorate and office chief clerks; education assistant instructors; broad-learning, academy, four-gates, calligraphy, and mathematics erudites; law-school assistant instructor; calligraphy and mathematics schools had no assistant instructors. Observatory gentlemen; register and vessel chiefs; third-class attendants and borrowed-rank holders; defense and training vice commissioners; staff of protectors, capital prefects, jiedushi, and observation commissioners; secretaries and adjutants; judicial and staff officers of defense, training, and military posts; army vice prefects, administrators, and aides; registry and recording staff; judicial staff; military patrol officers of the three capitals ranked below bureau staff. Prefectural and bureau staff; military patrol officers; county magistrates; imperial-county magistrates; county chief clerks and assistants; and army literary instructors, staff, and assistant instructors.
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元豐以後合班之制
Court seating under the Yuanfeng reforms and afterward
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諸太師 〈(舊制,太尉為三公,在太傅上,政和改為三少。)〉 太傅太保侍中中書令 〈(政和二年,改左輔右弼,靖康後復。)〉 尚書令少師少傅少保 〈(舊太尉、司徒、司空,政和二年改。)〉 尚書左、右僕射 〈(政和二年,改太宰、少宰,靖康復舊,元豐令王在左右僕射下。)〉 開府儀同三司知樞密院事門下、中書侍郎尚書左、右丞同知樞密院事簽書樞密院事元豐罷,元祐復置,政和入雜壓。 太子太師傅太傅太保特進觀文殿大學士太尉 〈(舊為三公,政和二年,改為三少,復以太尉為武選一品,位節度使上。)〉 太子少師少傅少保冀、兗、青、徐、揚、荊、豫、梁、雍州牧 〈(元祐復置,政和入雜壓。)〉 御史大夫觀文殿學士資政、 〈(元豐令在節度使下。)〉 保和 〈(政和五年,置宣和殿大學士、學士,宣和元年,改為保和學士。 待制同。)〉 殿大學士吏部、戶部、禮部、兵部、刑部、工部尚書金紫、銀青光祿大夫左、右金吾衛上將軍節度使翰林學士承旨翰林學士資政、保和、端明政和四年,改為延康。 殿學士龍圖、天章、寶文、 〈(元豐二年,增置直學士,待制同。)〉 顯謨、 〈(元豐元年增置。)〉 徽猷 〈(崇寧二年增置。)〉 閣學士左、右散騎常侍御史中丞 〈(舊在直學士下,元豐八年升。)〉 開封尹 〈(崇寧三年升。)〉 尚書列曹侍郎樞密直學士 〈(政和四年,改為述古殿直學士。)〉 龍圖、天章、寶文、顯謨、徽猷閣直學士宣奉、光祐,左光錄大夫。 正奉、元祐,右光錄大夫,並大觀二年改置。 正議、通奉大夫殿中監 〈(舊在秘書監下,崇寧二年升。)〉 大司成 〈(崇寧二年增置。)〉 左右驍衛、武衛、屯衛、領軍衛、監門衛、千牛衛上將軍太子賓客、詹事給事中中書舍人通議大夫承宣使舊節度觀察留後,政和七年始改。 左、右諫議大夫保和殿待制龍圖、天章、寶文、顯謨、微猷閣待制太中大夫太常卿大司樂 〈(崇寧二年增置。)〉 宗正卿秘書監殿中少監 〈(崇寧二年升。)〉 觀察使中大夫光祿、衛尉、太僕、大理、鴻臚、司農、太府卿中奉、元祐,左中散大夫,大觀二年改。 中散、通侍大夫 〈(舊內客省使,政和二年改,橫行、正使、副使、大使臣、小使臣並改。)〉 樞密都承旨國子祭酒太常少卿典藥 〈(崇寧二年增置。)〉 宗正少卿秘書少監正侍、 〈(舊延福宮使,政和二年改。)〉 宣正、履正、協忠、 〈(三階係政和六年增置。)〉 中侍、中亮大夫 〈(舊客省使。)〉 太子左、右庶子中衛、 〈(舊引進使。)〉 翊衛、親衛大夫 〈(政和六年增置。)〉 防禦、團練使諸州刺史左、右金吾以下諸衛大將軍附馬都尉集英殿修撰 〈(政和八年置。 七寺少卿朝議、奉直大夫元祐,右朝議大夫,大觀二年改置。)〉 尚書左、右司郎中右文殿修撰舊集賢殿修撰,不入雜壓,政和六年改,增入。 國子、辟雍司業 〈(崇寧元年增置。)〉 少府、將作、軍器監都水使者入內內侍省都都知 〈(政和,改知入內內侍省事。)〉 內侍省都都內知 〈(政和,改知內侍省事。)〉 拱衛大夫 〈(舊四方館使。)〉 太子少詹事、左右諭德入內內侍省副都知內侍省副都知 〈(政和並改同知省事。)〉 左武、右武大夫 〈(舊東、西上閤門使。)〉 入內內侍省押班內侍省押班 〈(政和並改簽書省事。)〉 管幹殿中省尚舍、尚藥、尚醞、尚輦、尚衣、尚食局 〈(崇寧二年增置。)〉 樞密副都承旨起居郎起居舍人侍御史尚書左、右司員外郎秘閣修撰 〈(政和六年增置。)〉 開封少尹 〈(崇寧三年升。)〉 尚書吏部、司封、司勳、考功、戶部、度支、金部、倉部、禮部、祠部、主客、膳部、兵部、職方、庫部、駕部、刑部、都官、比部、司門、工部、屯田、虞部、水部郎中開封府司錄事 〈(舊錄參軍事在兩赤縣令之上,崇寧三年升改。)〉 直龍圖閣 〈(元豐、元祐令,並不入雜壓,政和增入,餘同。)〉 朝請、朝散、朝奉大夫直天章閣 〈(政和六年增入。)〉 殿中侍御史左、右司諫左、右正言 〈(舊在監察御史上,政和升。)〉 符寶郎 〈(大觀元年增置。)〉 殿中省尚食、尚藥、尚醞、尚輦、尚衣、尚舍典禦 〈(崇寧三年增置)〉。 內符寶郎 〈(大觀元年增置。)〉 樞密副承旨 〈(元豐令,有知上州在此下,元祐以後並去。)〉 武功、 〈(舊皇城使,自此以下,並政和六年改。)〉 武德、 〈(舊宮苑、左右騏驥、內藏庫使。)〉 和安、成和、成安、成全、 〈(舊翰林、尚食、軍器、儀鸞使。)〉 武顯、 〈(舊左藏、東西作坊使。)〉 武節、 〈(舊莊宅、六宅、文思使。)〉 平和、 〈(舊綾錦使,初改保和,政和五年,以犯殿名,改保痊; 宣和六年,又改為平和。)〉 武略、 〈(舊內園、洛苑、如京、崇儀使。)〉 保安、 〈(舊榷易使。)〉 武經、 〈(舊西京左藏庫使。)〉 武義大夫 〈(舊西京作坊、東西染院、禮賓使。)〉 翰林良醫 〈(舊翰林醫官使。)〉 武翼大夫 〈(舊供備庫使。)〉 尚書諸司員外郎直寶文閣 〈(政和六年增置。)〉 開封府司六曹事 〈(崇寧三年增置。)〉 樞密院諸房副承旨朝請、朝散、朝奉郎直顯謨閣 〈(政和六年增入。)〉 少府、將作、軍器少監諸衛將軍太子侍讀、侍講正侍、宣正、履正、協忠、 〈(自宣正至協忠,並政和六年增置。)〉 中侍、中亮、中衛、翊衛、親衛、拱衛、左武、右武郎, 〈(舊橫行、副使、政和六年改。)〉 監察御史 〈(元豐令,有知中州在此下。)〉 殿中丞 〈(舊秘書丞下,崇寧二年升。)〉 直徽猷閣 〈(政和六年置。)〉 承議郎武功至武義郎翰林醫正武翼郎 〈(諸司副使。)〉 太子中合太子舍人親王府翊善、讚讀、直講 〈(舊侍讀、侍講,政和改。)〉 太常丞大晟樂令崇寧二年增置。 太醫令宗正、大宗正秘書丞直秘閣政和六年置,元豐令,知下州在此下。 奉議郎大理正著作郎太史局令直翰林醫官局殿中省六尚奉御 〈(舊在大理正之上,政和改。)〉 太醫丞 〈(元祐增置。)〉 閤門宣讚舍人 〈(舊閤門通事舍人,政和六年改。)〉 兩赤縣令太子左右衛、司禦、清道、監門,內率府率七寺丞秘書郎太常博士陵台令元祐中增置。 著作佐郎殿中省主簿 〈(崇寧二年增置。)〉 國子監丞辟雍丞 〈(崇寧二年增置。)〉 宗子、崇寧元年增置。 國子博士大理司直、評事敦武、 〈(舊內殿承製,政和六年改,下同。)〉 通直郎修武郎內殿崇班。 內常侍 〈(元豐令,上州通判在此下。)〉 太史局正少府、將作、軍器、都水監丞開封府參軍事 〈(崇寧三年增置。)〉 太醫局正秘書省校書郎、天字親王府記室 〈(元豐,元祐令,有「參軍」字,政和三年除去。)〉 太史局五官正御史臺檢法官、主簿 〈(元豐令在監丞上,元祐在監丞下。)〉 九寺、大晟府 〈(崇寧三年增置。)〉 主簿閤門祗候樞密院逐房副承旨 〈(元豐令,中下州通判在此下。)〉 供奉官 〈(舊內東頭供奉官,政和六年改,下同。)〉 從義郎 〈(東頭供奉官,)〉 左侍禁 〈(內西頭供奉官。)〉 秉義郎 〈(西頭供奉官,)〉 太子諸率府副率幹當左、右廂公事 〈(崇寧中增入。)〉 右侍禁左班殿直 〈(殿頭高品。)〉 忠訓、忠翊、 〈(左、右侍禁。)〉 宣教郎 〈(舊宣德郎,政和四年改。)〉 太學、辟雍、 〈(崇寧元年增置。)〉 武學、律學開封府 〈(大觀元年置。)〉 博士太常寺奉禮郎大晟府協律郎 〈(崇寧二年增置。)〉 太常寺太祝、郊社、籍田令光錄寺太官令 〈(元豐、元令,在太學博士上。)〉 五監、辟雍 〈(崇寧元年增置。)〉 主簿宣義郎成忠、保義、 〈(左右班殿直。)〉 承事。 承奉、承務郎宗子、 〈(崇濘元年增置。)〉 國子、太學、辟雍正武學諭 〈(崇寧元年置。)〉 律學正 〈(崇寧元年置。)〉 太醫局丞京府、諸州司錄事承直郎 〈(崇寧三年,以留守節度判官改,凡選人七階,儒林至迪功。)〉 京畿縣令兩赤縣丞三京赤縣令右班殿直 〈(高班。)〉 黃門內品承節、承信郎 〈(舊三班奉職、借職。)〉 京府、諸州司六曹事 〈(元豐、元祐令,並六曹參軍。 政和三年,除去「參軍」字,為司錄事,司儀曹事,餘曹放此。)〉 儒林、 〈(舊掌書記。)〉 文林、從事郎三京畿縣令京畿縣丞三京赤縣、畿縣丞兩赤縣主簿、尉諸州上、中、下縣令丞從政郎 〈(舊司錄事參軍、縣令。)〉 京府、諸州掾官修職郎 〈(舊知錄事參軍、知縣事。)〉 京畿縣主簿、尉諸州上、中、下縣主簿尉城砦主簿馬監主簿迪功郎 〈(舊巡判官、司理、司法、司戶。)〉 諸州司士文學助教 〈(舊參軍事。)〉
All offices of Grand Preceptor rank (Under the former regulations, the Grand Commandant counted among the Three Excellencies and stood above the Grand Tutor; in the Zhenghe reign it was redesignated as one of the Three Juniors.) Grand Tutor and Grand Guardian; Palace Attendant; and Secretariat Director (In Zhenghe 2 they were retitled Left and Right Assistants; after the Jingkang crisis the old names were restored.) Department Director; Junior Preceptor, Tutor, and Guardian (These had been the Grand Commandant, Minister of Education, and Minister of Works until the Zhenghe 2 reform.) Left and Right Vice Directors (In Zhenghe 2 they became Grand and Vice Minister; the old titles returned after Jingkang; under Yuanfeng rules, princes sat below the vice directors.) Equivalent-to-Three-Excellencies Opening Office; military affairs director; chancellery and secretariat vice grand councillors; department vice directors; associate military affairs director; and signing officer of the military affairs bureau—dropped under Yuanfeng, revived in Yuanyou, then added to mixed precedence in Zhenghe. Heir's Grand Preceptor, Tutor, and Guardian; Special Advancement; Viewing Literature Grand Academician; Grand Commandant (Once a Three Excellency; in Zhenghe 2 it became a Three Junior post; the Grand Commandant was then reinstated as the top military honorific, ranking above jiedushi.) Heir's Junior Preceptor, Tutor, and Guardian; prefects of Ji, Yan, Qing, Xu, Yang, Jing, Yu, Liang, and Yong (Revived in Yuanyou and added to mixed precedence in Zhenghe.) Censor-in-Chief; Viewing Literature Academician; Policy Regulation Hall— (Under Yuanfeng rules, they ranked below jiedushi.) Baohe Hall (In Zhenghe 5, Xuanhe Hall grand academicians and academicians were created; in Xuanhe 1 the title became Baohe Academician. Attendant drafters followed the same rule.) Hall grand academicians; the six ministers; golden-purple and silver-green grandees; left and right Golden Crow senior generals; jiedushi; Hanlin drafter-in-chief and academicians; Zizheng, Baohe, and Duanming hall academicians—renamed Yankang in Zhenghe 4. Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Script, and Precious Literature hall academicians— (the second year of Yuanfeng added direct academicians; attendant drafters were treated likewise.) Xianmo Hall— (Established in the first year of Yuanfeng.) Huiyao Hall (Created in Chongning 2.) Pavilion academicians; left and right regular attendants; and vice censor-in-chief (Previously below direct academicians; promoted in the eighth year of Yuanfeng.) Kaifeng Prefect (Promoted in Chongning 3.) Departmental vice ministers; military affairs direct academician (In Zhenghe 4 retitled Direct Academician of the Reviewing Antiquity Hall.) Direct academicians of the Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Script, Precious Literature, Xianmo, and Huiyao pavilions; Xuanfeng and Guangyou grandees; Left Glorious Emolument Grandee. Zhengfeng and Yuanyou grandees; Right Glorious Emolument Grandee—all created in Daguan 2. Zhengyi and Tongfeng grandees; palace administration director (Previously below the secretariat director; promoted in Chongning 2.) Grand Director of the National University (Established in Chongning 2.) Senior generals of the six guards; heir's companion and household director; attending gentleman and drafter; reception commissioner (formerly regional administrator for jiedushi and observation commissioners, retitled from Zhenghe 7). Left and right remonstrating grandees; Baohe Hall attendant drafters; pavilion attendant drafters of Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Script, Precious Literature, Xianmo, and Huiyao; grand excellence grandee; sacrifices director; grand music director (Created in Chongning 2.) Imperial clan director; secretariat director; palace vice director (Promoted in Chongning 2.) Observation commissioner; palace grandee; the seven court directors; Zhongfeng and Yuanyou grandees; Left Dispersed Grandee—all revised in Daguan 2. Dispersed and universal-attendant grandees (Formerly Guest Reception Commissioner; retitled in Zhenghe 2, along with all transverse, chief, vice, great, and minor envoy ranks.) Military affairs chief reception officer; education sacrifices director; sacrifices vice director; pharmacy director (Established in Chongning 2.) Imperial clan vice director; secretariat vice director; proper-attendant— (Formerly Extended Blessings Palace Commissioner; retitled in Zhenghe 2.) Xuanzheng, Lüzheng, and Xiezhong grandees— (These three ranks were created in Zhenghe 6.) Attendant and bright-attendant grandees (Previously the Guest Reception Commissioner.) Heir's left and right subordinates; central guard— (Formerly Introduction Commissioner.) Assistant guard and personal guard grandees (Created in Zhenghe 6.) Defense and training commissioners; prefectural governors; Golden Crow and subordinate guard senior generals; imperial son-in-law; Assembling Excellence Hall compiler (Created in Zhenghe 8. Vice directors of the seven courts; Chaoyi and Fengzhi grandees; Yuanyou title; Right Remonstrating Grandee—all set up in Daguan 2.) Left and right bureau directors; Right Literature Hall compiler—once Assembling Worthies compiler, outside mixed precedence until Zhenghe 6, when it was added. Education and Bright Hall vice directors (Established in Chongning 1.) Palace Manufactories, Imperial Construction, and Armaments directors; waterways commissioner; chief administrator of the inner palace eunuch service (In Zhenghe, retitled Administrator of Inner Palace Eunuch Affairs.) Chief internal administrator of the eunuch service (In Zhenghe, retitled Administrator of Eunuch Service Affairs.) Arch Guard Grandee (Formerly Four Directions Hostel Commissioner.) Heir's vice household director and left and right preceptors; vice chief administrators of the inner palace and palace eunuch services (In Zhenghe, all retitled Associate Administrators of Service Affairs.) Left and right martial grandees (Formerly Eastern and Western Upper Gate Commissioners.) Escort leaders of the inner palace and palace eunuch services (In Zhenghe, all retitled Signing Clerks of Service Affairs.) Supervisors of the palace administration bureaus of lodging, pharmacy, wine, sedan-chairs, robes, and food (Established in Chongning 2.) Military affairs deputy chief reception officer; attendance gentlemen; attending censor; left and right bureau associate directors; Secret Pavilion compiler (Created in Zhenghe 6.) Kaifeng Vice Prefect (Promoted in Chongning 3.) Directors of all twenty-four ministry bureaus, plus Kaifeng chief recorder (Formerly chief recorder above the two red-county magistrates; promoted and retitled in Chongning 3.) Dragon Diagram Pavilion direct academician (Under Yuanfeng and Yuanyou rules, excluded from mixed precedence; added in Zhenghe; otherwise unchanged.) Attending-petition, dispersed-attendance, and morning-tribute grandees; Heavenly Script Pavilion direct academicians (Added in Zhenghe 6.) Palace attending censor; left and right bureau remonstrators; left and right rectifiers (Formerly above investigating censors; promoted in Zhenghe.) Seals and treasures attendant (Established in Daguan 1.) Palace attendants-in-chief of the food, pharmacy, wine, sedan-chair, robe, and lodging bureaus (Created in Chongning 3) Inner seals and treasures attendant (Established in Daguan 1.) Military affairs deputy reception officer (Under Yuanfeng rules, superior-prefecture governors ranked below this; dropped after Yuanyou.) Wugong Grandee— (Formerly Imperial City Commissioner; from here down, all retitled in Zhenghe 6.) Wude Grandee— (Formerly palace park, left and right horse, and inner treasury commissioners.) He'an, Chenghe, Cheng'an, and Chengquan grandees— (Formerly Hanlin, food service, armaments, and ceremonial guard commissioners.) Wuxian Grandee— (Formerly left treasury and eastern and western workshop commissioners.) Wujie Grandee— (Formerly estates, six residences, and literary affairs commissioners.) Pinghe Grandee— (Formerly Brocade Commissioner; first retitled Baohe; in Zhenghe 5, renamed Baoquan after clashing with a hall name; In Xuanhe 6 it became Pinghe.) Wulue Grandee— (Formerly inner garden, Luoyang park, capital transport, and ceremonial honors commissioners.) Bao'an Grandee— (Formerly Monopoly Exchange Commissioner.) Wujing Grandee— (Formerly Western Capital Left Treasury Commissioner.) Wuyi Grandee (Formerly western capital workshops, eastern and western dyeing institutes, and ceremonial reception commissioners.) Hanlin excellent physician (Formerly Hanlin Medical Officer Commissioner.) Wuyi Grandee of Wings (Formerly Supply and Equipment Treasury Commissioner.) Ministry bureau associate directors; Precious Literature Pavilion direct academicians (Created in Zhenghe 6.) Kaifeng Prefecture six-office supervisors (Established in Chongning 3.) Military affairs section deputy reception officers; attending-petition, dispersed-attendance, and morning-tribute gentlemen; Xianmo Pavilion direct academicians (Added in Zhenghe 6.) Palace manufactories, construction, and armaments vice directors; guard generals; heir's lecturer and preceptor; proper attendant; Xuanzheng, Lüzheng, and Xiezhong— (From Xuanzheng through Xiezhong, all created in Zhenghe 6.) Attendant, bright-attendant, central guard, assistant guard, personal guard, arch guard, and left and right martial gentlemen— (Formerly transverse commissioners and vice commissioners; retitled in Zhenghe 6.) Investigating censor (Under Yuanfeng rules, middle-prefecture governors ranked below this.) Palace vice director (Previously below secretariat assistant; promoted in Chongning 2.) Huiyao Pavilion direct academician (Created in Zhenghe 6.) Discussion gentlemen; Wugong through Wuyi gentlemen; chief Hanlin physician; Wuyi gentleman (Former vice commissioners of the various offices.) Heir's central and regular attendants; imperial prince household rectifier, reader, and lecturer (Formerly lecturer and preceptor; retitled in Zhenghe.) Sacrifices assistant director and Great Brilliance music director—all established in Chongning 2. Medical bureau director; imperial clan director and senior director; secretariat assistant; Secret Pavilion direct academician—created in Zhenghe 6; under Yuanfeng rules, lower-prefecture governors ranked below this. Proponent gentlemen; judgments corrector; author; astronomy bureau director; direct Hanlin medical office; palace attendants of the six bureaus (Previously above judgments corrector; revised in Zhenghe.) Medical bureau vice director (Established in Yuanyou.) Gate proclamation attendant (Formerly Gate Communications Attendant; retitled in Zhenghe 6.) Two red-county magistrates; heir's guard, patrol, clear-way, and gate commanders; inner gate guard commander; seven-court assistants; secretariat gentlemen; sacrifices erudites; tomb platform director—all added in Yuanyou. Assistant author; palace administration chief clerk (Established in Chongning 2.) Education and Bright Hall academy assistants (Established in Chongning 2.) Imperial clansmen office—all established in Chongning 1. Education erudite; judgments direct examiner and reviewer; Dunwu— (Formerly Inner Hall Document Drafter; retitled in Zhenghe 6; same below.) Universal direct gentleman; Xiuwu gentleman; Inner Hall Honored Class. Inner regular attendant (Under Yuanfeng rules, superior-prefecture vice governors ranked below this.) Astronomy bureau director; palace manufactories, construction, armaments, and waterways assistants; Kaifeng staff officers (Established in Chongning 3.) Medical bureau chief; secretariat proofreaders and standard-bearers; imperial prince household recorder (Under Yuanfeng and Yuanyou rules, the title included "staff officer"; dropped in Zhenghe 3.) Five astronomy bureau directors; censorate investigating judges and chief clerks (Under Yuanfeng rules, above supervisorate assistant; under Yuanyou, below supervisorate assistant.) Nine courts and Great Brilliance music office (Established in Chongning 3.) Chief clerks; gate attendants; military affairs section deputy reception officers (Under Yuanfeng rules, middle- and lower-prefecture vice governors ranked below this.) Attendant-in-service (Formerly Inner Eastern Attendant-in-Service; retitled in Zhenghe 6; same below.) Follow-righteousness gentleman (Eastern Attendant-in-Service,) Left attendant forbidden guard (Inner Western Attendant-in-Service.) Uphold-righteousness gentleman (Western Attendant-in-Service,) Heir's guard deputy commanders; managers of left and right wing affairs (Added during Chongning.) Right attendant forbidden guard; left-class palace attendant (Head attendants, high rank.) Zhongxun and Zhongyi gentlemen— (Left and right attendant forbidden guards.) Teach-and-proclaim gentleman (Formerly Proclaim Virtue Gentleman; retitled in Zhenghe 4.) Academy and Bright Hall erudites— (Established in Chongning 1.) Military academy, law academy, and Kaifeng Prefecture— (Created in Daguan 1.) Erudites; sacrifices ritual gentlemen; Great Brilliance pitch harmonizer (Established in Chongning 2.) Sacrifices invocators; suburban sacrifice and registry field directors; grand food office chief (Under Yuanfeng and Yuan rules, ranked above academy erudites.) Five supervisorates and Bright Hall— (Established in Chongning 1.) Chief clerks; proclaim-righteousness gentleman; Chengzhong and Baoyi— (Left and right hall attendants.) Chengshi Gentleman. Chengfeng and Chengwu gentlemen, imperial clansmen— (Established in Chongning 1.) Directorate, grand academy, Bright Hall, and military academy erudites (Created in Chongning 1.) Law academy rectifier (Created in Chongning 1.) Imperial medical bureau assistant director; capital and prefectural chief recorders; Chengzhi gentleman (In Chongning 3, converted from garrison commissioner adjutants; seven selection grades from Rulin to Digong.) Capital-region magistrates; both red-county assistants; three-capital red-county magistrates; right hall attendant (Senior rank.) Inner Yellow Gate ranks; Chengjie and Chengxin gentlemen (Formerly third-rank attendants and provisional appointees.) Capital and prefecture six-bureau affairs officers (Under Yuanfeng and Yuanyou rules, all were six-bureau adjutants. In Zhenghe 3, "adjutant" was dropped; posts became chief recorder affairs and ritual bureau affairs, with the other bureaus following.) Rulin gentleman— (Formerly clerks.) Wenlin and Congshi gentlemen; three-capital region magistrates; capital-region assistants; three-capital red-county and capital-region assistants; both red-county chief clerks and sheriffs; upper, middle, and lower prefectural magistrates and assistants; Congzheng gentleman (Formerly chief recorder adjutants and magistrates.) Capital and prefectural secretariat officers; Xiuzhi gentleman (Formerly chief recorder adjutants and acting magistrates.) Capital-region chief clerks and sheriffs; upper, middle, and lower prefectural chief clerks and sheriffs; fort and stockade chief clerks; horse supervisorate chief clerks; Digong gentleman (Formerly circuit inspectors and judicial, legal, and household officers.) Prefectural soil officers; literary instructors and assistant instructors (Formerly adjutants.)
5
唐令,定流內一品至九品,有正從上下階之制。 其後,升侍中、中書令為正二品,御史大夫、散騎常侍、兩省侍郎為正三品,御史中丞正四品。 諫議大夫分左、右,改將作大匠為監,太史局為司天監,置大監正三品,少監正四品上,丞正六品上,寺簿正七品上,主事正八品下,五官正五品上,副正正六品,靈台郎正七品下,保章正從七品上,挈壺正八品上,五官監候正八品下,司曆從八品上,司辰正九品上。 又置國子、五經博士為正五品上,左、右金吾衛上將軍為從二品,左、右龍武、神武軍大將軍為正三品,將軍為從三品。 又置內侍監為正三品,少監從四品,改諸州府學博士為文學,在參軍上。 五代復置尚書令為一品,升右丞為正四品上,降諫議在給事之下。
Under Tang regulations, the flowing ranks ran from first to ninth grade, with primary, secondary, upper, and lower steps. Later the grand counselor and director of the secretariat were raised to second primary grade; the censor-in-chief, palace attendant extraordinary, and vice directors of the two departments to third primary grade; and the vice censor-in-chief to fourth primary grade. Remonstrance officials were split into left and right ranks; the director of palace construction became a supervisor; the astronomical bureau became the directorate of astronomy; and new grades were set for its grand supervisor, vice supervisor, director, registrar, chief clerk, astronomical officers, observatory gentlemen, calendar keepers, clepsydra keepers, observers, calendar officers, and timekeepers. Directorate and Five Classics erudites were set at upper fifth primary grade; senior generals of the left and right golden guard at second secondary grade; grand generals of the left and right dragon martial and divine martial armies at third primary grade; and their generals at third secondary grade. The director of palace attendants was placed at third primary grade and the vice director at fourth secondary grade; prefectural academy erudites were retitled literary officers and ranked above adjutants. In the Five Dynasties the director of the department of state affairs was restored to first grade; the right vice director was raised to upper fourth primary grade; and remonstrance officials were placed below petitioners.
6
宋初,並因其制,唯升宗正卿為正四品,丞為從五品。 其軍器監、少監,甲弩坊署令、丞、監作、錄事,昭文館校書郎,司辰、司曆、監候,殿中諸署監事、計官,太常諸陵廟、太醫、太公廟署令丞,醫針博士、助教,按摩、咒禁博士,卜正,卜博士,宗正崇玄署令、丞,大理獄丞,鴻臚典客,太府寺平準、左右藏、常平署令丞,都水監舟楫、河渠署令丞,官苑總副監牧監副、丞、主簿,諸園苑司並百工等監、副監及丞,諸倉、諸冶、諸屯、溫湯監及丞,掌漕,諸軍衛錄事諸曹參軍、司階、中候、司戈、執戟、校尉、旅帥、隊正、隊副、正直長、長上、備身、左右備身,左右親、勳、翊衛府中郎將,兵曹三衛,折衝、果毅、別將、長史、兵曹參軍、校尉、旅帥、隊正、隊副,鎮軍司馬、判司,太子詹事府丞、主簿、司直,司議郎,舍人,文學,校書,正字,崇文館校書,侍醫,通事舍人,左、右春坊錄事、主事,三寺丞、主簿,諸署令、丞,典倉署園丞,廄牧典乘,內坊典內及丞、典直,率府長史、錄事諸曹參軍、司階、中候、司戈、執戟、校尉、旅帥、隊正、隊副、直長、千牛備身,親、勳、翊府中郎將,兵曹三衛,王府文學,東西閤祭酒,掾、屬、主簿、錄事諸曹參軍、行參軍、典簽,典軍、執杖執乘親事、校尉、旅帥、隊正、隊副,國令,大農尉、丞,公主邑令丞、邑司錄事,河南應天及諸次府都督都府功曹、倉、兵曹參軍,諸州司功、司倉、司兵參軍,諸縣丞,京縣錄事,諸鎮倉曹、兵曹參軍,戍主、戍副,關津令丞,並門下省城門、符寶郎,太常寺協律郎,軍器監丞、主簿,太常寺郊社、太卜、廩犧,光祿寺太、官珍羞、良醞、掌醢,衛尉寺武器、守宮,太僕寺乘黃、典廄、典牧、車府,鴻臚寺典客、司儀,司農寺上林、太倉、鉤盾、導官,太府寺諸市,少府監中尚、左尚、右尚、織染、掌冶,將作監左校、中校、甄官署令丞、監膳,殿中省六局直長、食醫、侍御、醫司、醫佐、掌輦、奉乘、司廩,太子典膳、典藥、內直、典設、宮門郎並局丞,皆存其名而罕除者,綿不祿『,惟常命官者載之。 諸司主事、事皆存,而無士人為之。 別置中書、樞密、宣徽院、三司及內庭諸司,沿舊制而損益焉。
Early in the Song they largely kept this system, only raising the director of the imperial clan to fourth primary grade and the vice director to fifth secondary grade. The directorate of military equipment and its vice director; crossbow and armor workshop staff; hall of broad learning collators; timekeepers, calendar officers, and observers; palace service supervisors and accountants; sacrifices tomb, medical, and shrine offices; medical, divination, and mystic-learning posts; judicial review prison assistants; ceremonial guest officers; treasury equalization and granary offices; waterways boat and canal offices; park and pasture supervisors; garden, workshop, granary, smeltery, garrison, and hot-spring offices; transport controllers; guard-unit recorders and rank officers; personal, meritorious, and imperial guard commands; resolute shock and stalwart army officers; garrison army judges; heir's household staff; princely and pavilion secretariats; estate and county assistants; pass and gate officers; and the many specialized bureau posts of the sacrifices, entertainment, guard, stud, ceremonial, revenue, treasury, manufactures, construction, and palace service—all kept their titles but were rarely filled and drew no salary; only regularly appointed offices are listed here. Chief clerk and attendant posts in the various offices still existed, but no scholar-officials filled them. Separate posts were created for the secretariat, bureau of military affairs, bureau of ceremonial affairs, court of the three services, and various inner-court offices, adapting the old system with additions and cuts.
7
建隆三年三月,有司上《合班儀》:「太師,太傅,太保,太尉,司徒,司空,東宮三太,嗣王,郡王,僕射,三少,三京牧,大都督,大都護,御史大夫,六尚書,常侍,門下、中書侍郎,太子賓客,太常、宗正卿,御史中丞,左、右諫議大夫,給事中,中書舍人,左、右丞,諸行侍郎,秘書監,光祿、衛尉、太僕、大理、鴻臚、司農、太府卿,國子祭酒,殿中、少府、將作監,前任、見任節度使,開封、河南、太原尹,詹事,諸王傅,司天監,五府尹,國公,郡公,中都督,上都,護,下都督,庶子,五大都督府長史,中都護,副都護,太常、宗正少卿,秘書少監,光祿等七少卿,司業,三少監,三少尹,少詹事,諭德,家令,率更令、仆,諸王府長史、司馬,司天少監,起居郎、舍人,侍御史,殿中侍御史,補闕,拾遺,監察御史,郎中,員外郎,太常博士,五府少尹,五大都督府司馬,通事舍人,國子、五經博士,都水使者,四赤縣令,太常、宗正、秘書丞,著作郎,殿中丞,六尚奉御,大理正,中允,讚善,中舍,洗馬,諸王友,諮議參軍,司天五官焉,凡雜坐之次,以此為準。
In Jianlong 3, third month, the relevant offices submitted the Regulations for Combined Court Ranking, listing grand preceptors, tutors, and guardians; marshals and ministers; heir apparent and princely ranks; vice directors and junior tutors; capital and area commanders; censors and ministers; secretariat and chancellery officers; court directors and supervisors; military commissioners and capital prefects; heir's household and princely staff; astronomical and prefectural officers; ducal ranks; archive and education officials; censors and remonstrance officers; bureau directors and erudites; relay attendants and water commissioners; county magistrates and court assistants; and the five astronomical officers as the standard for mixed seating order.
8
詔曰:「尚書中台,萬事之本,而班位率比兩省官; 節度使出總方面,其檢校官多至師傅、三公者,而位居九寺卿監之下,甚無謂也。 其給事中、諫議、舍人,宜降於六曹侍郎之下; 補闕次郎中、拾遺,監察次員外郎、節度使,升於中書侍郎之下。」 乾德五年正月朔,乾元殿受朝,升節度使班在龍墀內金吾將軍之上。
The edict said: "The department of state affairs is the foundation of all affairs, yet its court rank was generally set alongside officials of the two departments; military commissioners commanding the regions often held honorary posts as high as preceptor or one of the three excellencies, yet they ranked below directors of the nine courts and supervisorates, which made little sense. Petitioners, remonstrance officials, and drafters should rank below the vice ministers of the six bureaus; remonstrance supplementers should follow bureau directors, remonstrance collectors vice directors, and military commissioners should rank below the secretariat vice director." On the first day of the first month of Qiande 5, at the Hall of Heavenly Virtue audience, military commissioners were raised to stand within the dragon pavement above the golden guard generals.
9
淳化三年八月,有司重定《合班儀》,詔升尚書令三師之上。 四年,節度使升常侍之上,觀察使在秘書監之上,防禦、團練使在庶子之下,刺史在太子仆之下,又升諸行郎中於殿中侍御史之上,至道三年七月,令節度觀察留後在給事中之上。 大中祥符元年八月,升兩省侍郎班常侍之上。
In Chunhua 3, eighth month, the relevant offices revised the Regulations for Combined Court Ranking, and an edict raised the director of the department of state affairs above the three preceptors. In the fourth year military commissioners were raised above palace attendants; observation commissioners above the archive director; defense and training commissioners below the heir's subordinates; prefects below the heir's deputy commandant; acting bureau directors above palace censors; and in Zhidao 3, seventh month, provisional military and observation commissioners were placed above petitioners. In Dazhong Xiangfu 1, eighth month, vice directors of the two departments were raised above palace attendants.
10
天禧三年十一月,令節度使班中書侍郎之下。 其序班及視品之制,樞密使、副使、參知政事、宣微使並班宰相後。 〈(樞密使不兼平章事者,立參知政事前,在宣微使下。 至道三年升在上。 大中祥符九年九月,詔自今參知政事、樞密副使並以先後為次。 宣徽使同。)〉 資政殿大學士立文明殿學士之上。 〈(舊文明殿學士在樞密副使之上,太平興國五年移在下。)〉 資政殿學士、翰林侍讀學士在翰林學士下。 〈(建隆三年,令翰林學士班諸行侍郎下,官至丞、郎者在常侍上,至尚書者依本班。 淳化五年,升丞、郎之上。 樞密直學士同。)〉 龍圖閣學士在樞密直學士上,龍圖直學士在其下,仍少退。 待制在知制誥之下。 〈(景德元年,初置待制,赴內朝,其五日起居,止敘本班。 大中祥符二年,升侍知制誥,仍在其下。)〉 權三司使立知制誥上。 帶學士職者從本班。 三司副使立少卿、監上。 〈(官高者從本班,並為內品職。 宮觀副使立學士班。 在翰林學士上,其學士為者,止本班。)〉 判官立三司副使之下。 〈(知制誥以上為者,從本班。)〉 給、諫權御史中丞者,令正衙立中丞磚位。 餘就本班。 凡起復,皆如初授,在本官之末,亦有特旨令敘舊班者,內客省使視七寺大卿,景福殿使、客省使視將作監,引進使視庶子。 宣慶使、四方館使視少卿,宣政、昭宣、閤門使視少監。 客省等副使視員外郎。 皇城使以下諸司使視郎中,副使視太常博士。 內殿承製視殿中丞,崇班及閤門祗候視讚善大夫,供奉官視諸衛率,侍禁視副率。 殿直視著作佐郎,奉職、借職在諸州幕官上。 樞密都承旨在閤門使下,副承旨、諸房副承旨在諸司使下,逐房副承旨在洗馬下。 金吾衛、左右衛上將軍並在節度使上,六統軍、諸衛上將軍在常侍下, 〈(乾德二年,令上將軍在中書侍郎之下。 淳化四年,升金吾、左右衛在尚書之下,仍於節度使之上敘。)〉 大將軍在大監下,將軍在少監下。 〈(仍在合門使之下,)〉 金吾立本班上。 〈(謂中郎將。)〉 諸衛率、副率在洗馬下。 凡內職,視朝官者在其下,視京官者在其上。
In Tianxi 3, eleventh month, military commissioners were ordered to rank below the secretariat vice director. For court order and nominal grades, the commissioner of military affairs, vice commissioner, participant in governance, and commissioner of ceremonial affairs all ranked after the chief councilors. (When the military affairs commissioner did not also hold grand councilor, he stood before the participant in governance and below the ceremonial affairs commissioner. In Zhidao 3 he was raised above them. In Dazhong Xiangfu 9, ninth month, an edict ordered participants in governance and vice military commissioners to take precedence by order of appointment. The same applied to the ceremonial affairs commissioner.) The grand academician of the Hall of Zizheng stood above the Hall of Civilization academician. (Formerly the Hall of Civilization academician ranked above the vice military commissioner; in Taiping Xingguo 5 he was moved below.) Zizheng hall academicians and Hanlin attending reader academicians ranked below Hanlin academicians. (In Jianlong 3, Hanlin academicians were ordered below acting vice directors; those holding assistant or director posts stood above palace attendants, while ministers kept their original rank. In Chunhua 5 they were raised above assistants and directors. The same applied to direct military affairs academicians.) Dragon Diagram hall academicians ranked above direct military affairs academicians; Dragon Diagram direct academicians ranked below them and stood slightly back. Awaiting appointment ranked below edict drafters. (In Jingde 1, awaiting appointment was first established for inner court audiences; at the five-day audience they kept their original rank only. In Dazhong Xiangfu 2 they were raised to attend with edict drafters, still below them.) Acting commissioner of the three services stood above edict drafters. Those holding academician posts kept their original rank. Vice commissioners of the three services stood above junior directors and supervisors. (Those of higher rank kept their original rank; all were inner-court posts. Palace abbey deputy commissioners stood in the academician rank. They stood above Hanlin academicians; when the academician himself held the post, he kept only his original rank.) Adjutants stood below vice commissioners of the three services. (When held by edict drafters or higher, they kept their original rank.) When petitioners and remonstrance officials served concurrently as vice censor-in-chief, they stood at the vice censor's brick marker in the main court. All others kept their original rank. Reinstatements were treated like new appointments and placed at the end of the original rank, though special edicts sometimes restored old rank. The inner reception commissioner ranked like a grand court director; the Jingfu hall and reception commissioners like the palace construction director; and the introduction commissioner like the heir's subordinate. Commissioners of the Xuanqing, Four Directions, and Gate offices ranked like junior directors; commissioners of the Xuanzheng, Zhaoxuan, and Gate offices like junior supervisors. Deputy reception and related commissioners ranked like vice directors. Commissioners from the imperial city commissioner downward ranked like bureau directors; deputy commissioners like sacrifices erudites. Inner-hall drafters ranked like palace directors; honored attendants and gate ushers like moral instructors; tribute officers like guard commandants; attendants-in-waiting like deputy commandants. Hall attendants ranked like assistant collators; attendants and provisional appointees above prefectural staff officers. The chief military affairs director stood below the gate commissioner; deputy directors of the various sections below office commissioners; section deputy directors below the heir's groom. Senior generals of the golden guard and left and right guard ranked above military commissioners; the six army commanders and guard senior generals ranked below palace attendants, (In Qiande 2, senior generals were ordered below the secretariat vice director. In Chunhua 4, the golden guard and left and right guards were raised below ministers but still ranked above military commissioners.) Grand generals ranked below grand supervisors, and generals below vice supervisors. (Still below the gate commissioner,) The golden guard kept its original court rank. (That is, middle generals.) Guard commandants and deputy commandants ranked below the heir's groom. For inner-court posts, those treated like court officials ranked below them, and those treated like capital officials above them.
11
皇親之制:開寶六年,詔:「晉王位望俱崇,親賢莫二,宜位在宰相之上。」 太平興國八年,楚王、廣平郡王出閤,令宰相立親王之上。 〈(天禧四年七月先天節,群臣上壽,宰相闕,命涇王元儼攝太尉。)〉
Regulations for imperial clansmen: In Kaibao 6, an edict said: "The Prince of Jin held lofty status and stood above all other imperial kin; he should rank above the chief councilors." In Taiping Xingguo 8, when the Prince of Chu and the Prince of Guangping left the palace, chief councilors were ordered to stand above princes of commandery. (On the Former Heaven birthday in Tianxi 4, seventh month, when ministers offered birthday congratulations, the chief councilor was absent and Prince Jing Yuan Yan served as acting grand marshal.)
12
景德中,皇侄武信軍節度惟吉加同平章事。 時駙馬都尉石保吉先為使相,史館引唐制,宗室在同品官上,遂升惟吉焉。 大中祥符元年正月,有司上《都亭驛酺宴位圖》,皇從侄孫內殿崇班守節與從侄右衛將軍惟敘等同一班。 上曰:「族子諸父,安可同列?」 乃命重行設位九年正月,興州團練使德文言:「男侍禁承顯赴起居,請在惟忠子從恪之上。」 時從恪雖侄行,而拜職在前,遂詔宗正寺定《宗室班圖》以聞。 宗正言:「按《公式令》:朝參行立,職事同者先爵,爵又同者先齒。 今請宗子官同而兄叔次弟侄者,並虛一位而立。」 天禧四年五月,左正言、知制誥張師德言:「奉詔知潁州,緣皇弟德雍見任本州防禦使,其署銜望降規式。」 中書門下言:「據御史臺稱,每大朝會立班,皇親防禦、團練、刺史次節度使下,稍退序立。」 詔師德序署位德雍之下。 其外官制置、發運、轉運使副使,不限官品,著位並在提點刑獄之上。 〈(舊止從官,大中祥符七年,詔定其制。)〉 朝官知令、錄在判官之上,京官在判官之下、推官之上。 長史、司馬、別駕在幕府官下、錄事參軍上,見長史庭參。 監當朝官殿直以下,在通判、都監之下,判官之上。 其通判與都監並依官次。 京官奉職、借職監當者,依知令、錄列在判官之下。 元豐製行,參以寄祿官品高下,更革既多,別為班序。 其後元祐、崇寧、大觀、政和,復有增益更革者,別附於其下雲。
During the Jingde era, the emperor's nephew Wei Ji, military commissioner of Wuxin Army, was made concurrent grand councilor. At that time the imperial son-in-law Shi Baoji had already become a commissioner-councilor; the historiographical office cited Tang rules placing imperial clansmen above officials of the same grade, and Wei Ji was raised accordingly. In Dazhong Xiangfu 1, first month, the relevant offices submitted the Capital Post Station banquet seating chart; the imperial clansman's grandson Shoujie, an inner-hall honored attendant, stood in the same rank as the emperor's grand-nephew Youxu, a right guard general, and others. The emperor asked: "How can a clansman's sons and uncles stand in the same row?" He then ordered the seating rearranged. In the ninth year, first month, Xingzhou training commissioner Dewen said: "My son Cheng Xian, an attendant-in-waiting, attends court audiences and asks to stand above Cong Ke, son of Wei Zhong." Although Cong Ke was junior in generation, he had received appointment earlier; an edict ordered the directorate of the imperial clan to fix the imperial clan seating chart and report it. The directorate said: "According to the Formula Regulations, when standing at court audiences, those of the same office rank by nobility first, and if nobility is also the same, by age. We now ask that when clansmen hold the same office but an elder uncle or brother stands with a younger nephew, one empty place be left between them." In Tianxi 4, fifth month, left remonstrance official and edict drafter Zhang Shide said: "Having received an edict to govern Ying Prefecture, because the emperor's younger brother Deyong currently serves as defense commissioner there, I ask that my official title be lowered according to regulation." The secretariat and chancellery said: "According to the censorate, at each great court assembly imperial clansmen serving as defense, training, or prefectural commissioners rank below military commissioners and stand slightly back in order. An edict placed Shide's title below Deyong. Deputy commissioners of frontier pacification, transport dispatch, and circuit transport, regardless of rank, all stood above judicial intendant commissioners. (Formerly they followed only attendant officials; in Dazhong Xiangfu 7, an edict fixed their system.) Court officials serving as magistrates or chief recorders stood above adjutants; capital officials below adjutants and above investigating officers. Chiefs of staff, military adjutants, and vice prefects stood below staff officers and above chief recorder adjutants, attending court at the chief of staff's office. Court officials serving as supervisors from hall attendants downward stood below circuit controllers and garrison commissioners and above adjutants. Circuit controllers and garrison commissioners both followed rank order. Capital officials serving as attendants or provisional appointees as supervisors stood below adjutants, following the order for magistrates and chief recorders. When the Yuanfeng system was implemented, nominal salary grades also determined rank, and with so many changes a separate seating order was established. Later, under Yuanyou, Chongning, Daguan, and Zhenghe, further additions and changes were made and are appended separately below.
13
至道二年,祠部員外郎主判都省郎官事王炳上言曰:
In Zhidao 2, Wang Bing, an outer bureau official of the ministry of rites who presided over bureau director affairs of the department of state affairs, submitted a memorial saying:
14
尚書省,國家藏載籍、典治教之府,所以周知天下地理廣袤、風土所宜、民俗利害之事。 當成周之世,治定制禮,首建六官,漢、唐因之。 自唐末亂雜,急於經營,不遑治教,故金穀之政主於三司,曹名雖存,而其實亡矣。 謹按:吏部四司,天官之職,掌文官選舉,周知天下吏功過能否,考定升降之類; 戶部四司,司徒之職,掌邦五教,周知天下戶口之數; 禮部四司,宗伯之職,掌國五禮,辨儀式制度,周知天下祠典祠祀之類; 兵部四司,司馬之職,掌武人選舉,周知天下兵馬器械之數; 刑部四司,司寇之職,掌國法令,周知天下獄訟刑名徒隸之數; 工部四司,司空之職,掌國百工,周知天下封疆、城圻、山澤、草木、川瀆、津渡、橋船、陂池之數。 凡此二十四司所掌事務,各封圖書,具載名數,藏之本曹,謂之載籍; 所以周知天下事,由中制外,如指諸掌。
The department of state affairs is the repository of the state's records and the office that governs education; through it one may know the breadth of the empire's geography, local conditions, and the benefits and harms of regional customs. In the age of perfected Zhou, when order was established and rites fixed, the six offices were created first, and Han and Tang followed them. From the chaos at the end of Tang, urgent business left no time for governing education, so fiscal affairs fell to the court of the three services; though bureau names remained, their substance was lost. Respectfully noted: the four bureaus of the ministry of personnel, the office of the minister of heaven, manage civil selection and know officials' merits, faults, and ability, determining promotions and demotions; the four bureaus of the ministry of revenue, the office of the minister of earth, govern the five teachings of the state and know the number of households in the empire; the four bureaus of the ministry of rites, the office of the minister of spring, govern the five rites of the state, distinguish ceremonial forms, and know sacrificial rites throughout the empire; the four bureaus of the ministry of war, the office of the minister of autumn, manage military selection and know the number of troops, horses, and weapons in the empire; the four bureaus of the ministry of justice, the office of the minister of winter, govern the laws of the state and know lawsuits, punishments, convicts, and dependents throughout the empire; the four bureaus of the ministry of works, the office of the minister of earth, govern the hundred crafts of the state and know frontiers, walls, mountains, marshes, plants, rivers, fords, bridges, boats, ponds, and reservoirs throughout the empire. All affairs managed by the twenty-four bureaus were recorded in books listing names and numbers, stored in the original bureau and called archival records; through them one could know affairs throughout the empire, governing the outer regions from the center as clearly as pointing at the palm.
15
今職司久廢,載籍散亡,惟吏部四司官曹小具,祠部有諸州僧道文帳,職方有諸州閏年圖經,刑部有詳覆諸州已決大辟案牘及勾禁奏狀,此外多無舊式。 欲望令諸州,每年造戶口稅租實行簿帳,寫以長卷者,別寫一本送尚書省,藏於戶部。 以此推之,其餘天下官吏、民口、廢置、祠廟、甲兵、徒隸、百工、疆畎、封洫之類,亦可以籍其名數,送尚書省,分配諸司,俾之緘掌; 候期歲之後,文籍大備,然後可以振舉官守,興崇治教。 望選大僚數人博通治體者,參取古今禮典及諸令式,與三司所受金穀、器械、簿賬之類,仍詳定諸州供送二十四司載籍之式。 如此,則尚書省備藏天下事物名數之籍,如秘閣藏圖書,太學藏經典,三館藏史傳,皆其職也。
Now the offices have long been abandoned and the archival records scattered; only the four bureaus of the ministry of personnel retain partial records, the ministry of rites has prefectural monk and Daoist registers, the ministry of war has intercalary prefectural maps, and the ministry of justice has review files of decided capital cases and detention memorials—beyond this there are mostly no old forms. It is requested that each prefecture annually compile actual household and tax registers in long scrolls and send a separate copy to the department of state affairs for storage in the ministry of revenue. By this analogy, officials and commoners, abolitions and establishments, temples, armor and troops, convicts, craftsmen, fields, and irrigation works throughout the empire could also be registered and sent to the department of state affairs for distribution among the bureaus to be sealed and kept; After a year the documents would be complete, and official posts could then be revived and education restored. It is hoped that several high officials broadly versed in governing principles may consult ancient and modern ritual codes and various regulations, together with the grain, weapons, and account books received by the court of the three services, and fix in detail the form for prefectural submission of archival records to the twenty-four bureaus. In this way the department of state affairs would fully store registers of affairs throughout the empire, just as the secret archive stores books, the grand academy stores classics, and the three institutes store historical records—each fulfilling its duty.
16
太宗覽奏,嘉之。 詔尚書丞、郎及五品以上集議。
Emperor Taizong reviewed the memorial and praised it. An edict ordered the department's assistants and directors and officials of the fifth grade and above to assemble for discussion.
17
吏部尚書宋琪等上奏曰:「王者六官,法天地四時之柄,百官之本,典教所出,望委崇文院檢討六曹所掌圖籍,自何年不擊都省,詳其廢置之始,究其損益之源,以期恢復。 既而其議亦寢。
Minister of personnel Song Qi and others submitted a memorial saying: "The six offices of the king follow the handles of heaven and the four seasons and are the foundation of the hundred officials and source of education; it is hoped that the Hall of Exalted Culture may examine records kept by the six bureaus, determine when they ceased to be reported to the department, investigate their abolition, trace the source of their reduction, and seek restoration. Before long that proposal also lapsed.
18
大中祥符九年,真宗與宰相語及尚書省製,言事者屢請復二十四司之制。 楊礪嘗言:「行之不難,但以郎官、諸司使同領一職,則漸可改作。」 王旦曰:「唐設內諸司使,悉擬尚書省:如京,倉部也; 莊宅,屯田也; 皇城,司門也; 禮賓,主客也。 雖名品可效,而事任不同。 唐朝諸司所領,惟京邑內外耳,諸道兵賦各歸藩鎮,非南宮一郎中、員外所能製也。 朝廷所得三分之一,名曰上供,其他留州、留使之名,皆藩臣所有。 今之三司即尚書省,故事盡在,但一毫所賦皆歸於縣官而仰給焉,故蠲放則澤及下,予賜則恩歸上,此聖朝不易之制也。」
In Dazhong Xiangfu 9, when Emperor Zhenzong discussed the department of state affairs system with the chief councilors, memorialists repeatedly requested restoration of the twenty-four bureau system. Yang Li once said: "It would not be difficult to implement; if bureau directors and office commissioners jointly held one post, it could gradually be changed." Wang Dan said: "Tang established inner office commissioners modeled on the department of state affairs: for example, the Capital Office corresponded to the bureau of granaries; Estates corresponded to garrison fields; Imperial City corresponded to the gate office; Ceremonial Guests corresponded to foreign guests. Although names and ranks could be imitated, the duties differed. What Tang's various offices managed was only the capital region; military levies and taxes of the circuits each belonged to military governors and were not something a single bureau director or vice director could manage. The one-third received by the court was called tribute to the capital; the rest, called retention in the prefecture or by the commissioner, all belonged to frontier officials. Today's court of the three services is the department of state affairs; the old precedents remain, but every fraction of revenue now belongs to the throne and is dispensed from it, so remissions benefit those below and gifts return grace to the ruler above—this is our sage dynasty's unchanging system."
19
咸平四年,左司諫、知制誥楊億上疏曰:
In Xianping 4, left remonstrance supporter and edict drafter Yang Yi submitted a memorial saying:
20
國家遵舊制,並建群司,然徒有其名,不舉其職。 隻如尚書會府,上法文昌,治本是資,政典攸出,條目皆具,可舉而行。 今之存者,但吏部銓擬,秩曹詳覆。 自餘租庸筦榷,由別使以總領; 尺籍伍符,非本司所校定。 職守雖在,或事有所分; 綱領雖存,或政非自出。 丞轄之名空設而無違可糾,端揆之任雖重而無務可親。 周之六官,於是廢矣,且如寺、監素司於掌執,台、閣咸著於規程,昭然軌儀,布在方冊。 國家慮銓擬之不允,故置審官之司; 憂議讞之或濫,故設審刑之署; 恐命令之或失,故建封駁之局,臣以為在於紀綱植立,不在於琴瑟更張。 若辨論官材歸於相府,即審官之司可廢矣; 詳評刑辟屬於司寇,即審刑之署可去矣; 出納詔命關於給事中,好封駁之局可罷矣。 至於尚書二十四司各揚其職,寺、監、台、閣悉復其舊,按《六典》之法度,振百官之遺墜,在我而已,夫豈為難? 如此則朝廷益尊,堂陛益嚴,品流益清,端拱而天下治者,由茲道也。
The state kept the old system and established all offices together, yet they had only names and performed no duties. Take the department of state affairs, the chief repository modeled on Wenchang; governing fundamentals are its resource and political canons its source; its articles are complete and can be implemented. What survives today is only personnel selection by the ministry of personnel and rank review by the bureau of appointments. All other land tax, labor service, and monopoly affairs were overseen by separate commissioners; Household registers and military tallies were not verified by the original bureaus. Duties remained, but some affairs were divided elsewhere; Frameworks remained, but some policies did not originate from them. Assistant director titles are set in vain with no violations to investigate; the chief ministers' burden is heavy yet there are no affairs to oversee personally. The six offices of Zhou were thus abandoned; yet courts and supervisorates originally had their duties, and censorates and pavilions all had regulations—clear standards spread through the written codes. The state, fearing selection might be unjust, therefore established the office of reviewing officials; fearing judicial review might be excessive, therefore established the office of reviewing punishments; fearing orders might be mistaken, therefore established the bureau of seal and rebuttal—I believe the issue lies in establishing discipline, not in rearranging institutions. If evaluating official talent were returned to the chief minister's office, the office of reviewing officials could be abolished; if detailed review of punishments belonged to the minister of winter, the office of reviewing punishments could be removed; if issuing and receiving edicts concerned the petitioners, the bureau of seal and rebuttal could be dismissed. As for the twenty-four bureaus each performing its duty, courts, supervisorates, censorates, and pavilions restoring their old functions, following the Six Offices Canon, and reviving what the hundred officials have lost—this depends on us alone; would it be difficult? Thus the court would become more honored, its steps more solemn, ranks more clearly ordered, and the empire governed while the ruler sat upright—by this path.
21
又以唐、虞之時,建官惟百,夏、商官倍,秦、漢益繁。 施及有唐,六策咸在,自三公之極貴、九品之至微,著於令文,皆有員數。 《傳》云:「官不必備,惟其人。」 蓋闕之,斯可矣,若乃員外加置,苟非其材,故「灶下」、「羊頭」,形於嘲詠,「鬥量車載」,播厥風謠,國體所先,尤須慎重。 竊睹班簿,員外郎及三百餘人,郎中亦及百數,自餘太常國子博士、殿中丞、舍人、洗馬,俱不下數百人,率為常參,皆著引籍,不知職業之所守,多由恩澤而序遷。 欲乞按唐制,應九品以上官並定員數。
He also recalled that under Tang and Yu a hundred offices were established; under Xia and Shang the offices doubled; under Qin and Han they grew still more numerous. Down to Tang, all six canons remained; from the exalted three excellencies to the humblest ninth grade, the regulations recorded fixed numbers for each. The Classic says: "Offices need not be fully staffed—only the right people matter." Vacancies would suffice; but when extra posts are added beyond quota and appointees lack ability, then "stove tender" and "goat head" appear in satirical verse, and "measured by the peck and loaded by the cart" spreads in popular song—this concerns the body politic first and requires caution. I have seen in the rank registers more than three hundred vice directors and about a hundred bureau directors; beyond these, sacrifices and directorate erudites, palace vice directors, attendants, and grooms number several hundred each; most attend regular court, all appear on attendance rolls, yet do not know what duties they should keep and mostly advance by favor. He requested that according to Tang practice, fixed numbers be set for all offices of the ninth grade and above.
22
又念昔者秦之開郡置守,漢以天下為十三部,命刺史以領之。 自後因郡為州,以太守為刺史,降及唐氏,亦嘗變更,曾未數年,又仍舊貫。 今多命省署之職出為知州,又設通判之官以為副貳,此權宜之制耳,豈可為經久之訓哉? 臣欲乞諸州並置刺史,以戶口多少置其奉祿,分下、中、上、緊、望、雄之等級,品秩之制率如舊章,與常參官比視階資,出入更踐,省去通判之目,但置從事之員,建廉察之府以統臨,按輿地之圖而區處。 昔者興國初,詔廢支郡,出於一時; 十國為連,周法斯在,一道署使,唐制可尋。 至若號令之行,風教之出,先及於府,府以及州,州以及縣,縣及鄉里。 自上而下,由近及遠,譬如身之使臂,臂之使指,提綱而眾目張,振領而群毛理。 由是言之,支郡之不可廢也明矣。 臣欲乞復置支郡,隸於大府,量地裏而分割,如漕運之統臨,名分有倫,官業自舉。
He also recalled that in Qin, when commanderies were opened, governors were appointed; Han divided the empire into thirteen regions and ordered inspectors to oversee them. Later commanderies became prefectures and governors became prefects; under Tang changes were also attempted, but within a few years the old practice returned. Today many provincial posts are sent out as prefects, and circuit controllers are established as deputies—this is only an expedient; how can it serve as a lasting model? Your servant requests that prefects be established in all prefectures, with salaries set by household numbers in lower, middle, upper, tight, esteemed, and powerful grades; rank and salary should follow old regulations, compared with regular court officials for promotion; the circuit controller title should be removed, staff officers retained, a supervisory office established, and divisions made according to geographical maps. At the beginning of Xingguo, an edict abolished subordinate commanderies as a temporary measure; ten states formed a circuit, as Zhou law provided; one circuit had a commissioner, as Tang institutions show. As for issuing orders and spreading instruction, they first reach the superior prefecture, then the prefecture, then the county, then the village. From above to below and from near to far, it is like the body commanding the arm and the arm the finger: when the net is lifted, all eyes open; when the collar is straightened, all hairs align. From this it is clear that subordinate commanderies should not be abolished. Your servant asks that subordinate commanderies be restored, subordinated to superior prefectures and divided by territory, overseen like transport administration, with clear ranks so official duties can be performed.
23
又睹唐制內外官奉錢之外,有祿米、職田,又給防閤、庶仆、親事、帳內、執衣、白直、門夫,各以官品差定其數,歲收其課以資於家。 本司又有公廨田、食本錢,以給公用。 自唐末離亂,國用不充,百官奉錢並減其半,自餘別給一切權停。 今君官於半奉之中已是除陌,又於半奉三分之內,其二以他物給之,鬻於市廛十裁得其一二,曾餬口之不及,豈代耕之足雲? 昔漢宣帝下詔雲「吏能勤事而奉祿薄,欲其無侵漁百姓難矣。 遂加吏奉,著於策書。 竊見今之結髮登朝,陳力就列,其奉也不能致九人之飽,不及周之上農; 其祿也未嘗有百石之入,不及漢之小吏。 若乃左、右僕射,百僚之師長,位莫崇焉,月奉所入,不及軍中千夫之帥,豈稽古之意哉? 欲乞今後百官奉祿雜給,並循舊制,既豐其稍入,可責以廉隅。 官且限以常員,理當減於舊費,乃唐、虞之制也。
Under Tang practice, beyond inner and outer officials' salaries, there were salary rice and official fields, plus guards, servants, personal attendants, household retainers, attendants, white attendants, and gatekeepers, each fixed by rank, with annual levies to support the household. Each bureau also had public office fields and food capital for public expenses. From the chaos at the end of Tang, when state revenue was insufficient, officials' salaries were cut in half and all other separate allowances were suspended. Today even half salary is reduced at collection, and of what remains two-thirds is paid in other goods; sold in the market one gets only a tenth or two—not enough for food, let alone as replacement for farming. Formerly Emperor Xuan of Han issued an edict saying: "If officials work diligently yet their salary is thin, it will be hard to keep them from preying on the common people. Official salaries were therefore increased and entered in the edict book. Those who enter court today cannot with their salary feed nine people—less than a superior farmer of Zhou; their stipends never reach a hundred shi—less than a minor clerk of Han. The left and right vice directors, teachers of the hundred officials, receive monthly salary less than a thousand-man army commander—is this in accord with antiquity? I ask that from now on officials' salaries and allowances follow the old system; with richer income, integrity may be required. Offices should be limited to regular numbers, and expenses should be reduced from old costs—this is the system of Tang and Yu.
24
凡預品官,各設資考,課其殿最,歸於有司,或曆階以升,或越次而補。 國朝多以郊祀覃慶而稍遷官,考功之黜陟不行,士流之清濁無辨。 陛下深鑒其弊,始務惟新。 昨有事於明禋,但篇加於階爵; 雖矯前失,未振舊規。 並乞依舊內外官各立考限,復令考功修舉其職,每歲置使考校,以表盡公,資秩改遷,賞罰懲勸,一遵典故,以振滯淹。
All who hold ranked office should have service records established, their performance assessed and returned to the relevant office, advancing by steps or filling out of order. Our dynasty mostly advances officials at suburban sacrifice amnesties; merit bureau promotions and demotions do not operate, and pure and corrupt officials are not distinguished. Your Majesty deeply perceived these abuses and began seeking renewal. At the recent bright sacrifice, only ranks and titles were added; Though this corrected the former error, the old regulations were not restored. It is also requested that inner and outer officials each establish examination terms as before, the merit bureau be restored, annual commissioners examine and report, ranks change by merit, rewards and punishments follow old precedents, and stagnation be revived.
25
又西漢以來,用秦武功之爵,惟列侯啟封,或逾萬戶,至關內侯,或有食邑,不過數百家。 自是因循,以至唐室,但食邑者率為虛設,言實封者歲入有差。 迨及聖朝,並無所給,至於除拜之際,猶名數未移,空有食采之稱,真同畫餅之妄。 欲乞依元和中所定實封條貫支給,削去虛邑,但行實食,以寵勳臣。 又國家每屬嚴禋,即覃大慶,敘封追贈,罔限彝章。 乃至太醫之微,司曆之賤,率荷蓼蕭之澤,亦疏石窌之封,恩雖出於殊常,職不循於經制。
From Western Han onward, Qin military merit ranks were used; only marquisates were enfeoffed, some exceeding ten thousand households; even nobles within the passes sometimes had fiefs of only several hundred households. By inertia down to Tang, fief titles were mostly empty designations, while actual enfeoffments had differing annual income. In our sage dynasty nothing is granted; yet at appointment the nominal numbers remain, with only the title of fief income—a vain name like a painted cake. I ask payment according to the actual enfeoffment regulations fixed in the Yuanhe era, cutting empty fiefs and granting only actual income to honor meritorious ministers. Also, whenever the state performs solemn sacrifice, great amnesty is granted and enfeoffment and posthumous honors conferred without limit to canonical regulations. Even minor imperial physicians and humble calendar officers receive solemn-sacrifice grace, and even stone-vault enfeoffment is granted; though favor is extraordinary, office does not follow regular institutions.
26
又官勳之設,名品實繁,今朝散、銀青,猶闕命服,護軍、柱國,全是虛名,欲乞自今常參官,勳、散俱至五品者許封贈,官、勳俱至三品者許立戟。 又五等之爵,施於賢才,雖有啟封之稱,曾無胙土之實。 苴茅建社,固不可以遽行,翼子詒孫,亦足稽於舊典。 內外官封至伯、子、男者,許蔭子; 至公、侯者,許蔭孫; 封國公者許嫡子、嫡孫一人襲封。
Official honors have truly numerous titles; today court dispersal and silver-green still lack appointed dress, while protector of the army and pillar of state are empty names. I ask that regular court officials whose honors and dispersal both reach fifth grade may receive enfeoffment honors, and those whose office and honors both reach third grade may erect halberds. The five grades of nobility are granted to the worthy; though there is the title of enfeoffment, there has never been the reality of sacrificial meat and land. Granting thatch and establishing altars cannot be done hastily, yet benefiting sons and enriching descendants can be traced in old canons. Inner and outer officials enfeoffed to earl, viscount, or baron could extend privilege to sons; those enfeoffed to marquis or earl could extend privilege to grandsons; those enfeoffed as state dukes may allow one legitimate son or grandson to inherit the enfeoffment.
27
又當今功臣之稱始於德宗,扈蹕將士並加「奉天定難功臣」之號,因一時之賞典,為萬世之通規。 近代以來,將相大臣有加至十餘字者,尤非經據,不可遵行,所宜削除,以明憲度。 昔者講求典禮,晉國以清,考核名實,漢朝稱治。 當文化誕敷之際,是舊間章咸秩之時,跂見太平,正在今日矣。
The title of meritorious subject began under Emperor Dezong; escort soldiers were all given the designation "Meritorious Subject Who Settled Heaven and Resolved Crisis," and a temporary reward became a rule for ten thousand generations. In recent times generals and great ministers have sometimes been given more than ten characters; this especially lacks canonical basis and should be removed to clarify law. When canonical rites were sought, the state of Jin was purified; when names and realities were examined, the Han dynasty was called well governed. At the time when culture is broadly spread, old regulations are all ordered; to glimpse great peace is precisely today.
28
論者嘉之,然以因襲既久,難於驟革。
Commentators praised this, yet because inherited practice had lasted long, sudden reform was difficult.
29
既而言者繼請復二十四司之制。 神宗既位,始命館閣校《唐六典》,以摹本賜郡臣,而置局詳定之。 於是凡省、台、寺、監領空名者,一切易之以階,元豐三年,詳定所上《寄祿格》,會明常禮成,即用新製,遷近臣秩。 初,新階尚少,而轉行者得以易。 及元祐初,朝議大夫六階以上始分左、右,紹聖中,罷之。 崇寧初,自承直至將仕郎,凡換選人七階,又增宣奉至奉直大夫四階。 政和末,自從政至迪功郎,又改選人三階,文階始備; 而武階亦易正使為大夫,副使為郎。 其橫班十二階使、副亦然。 繼又增置宣正、履正大夫、郎,凡十階,通為橫班其後,復更開封守臣為尹牧,而內侍省悉仿機廷之號,六尚局之修,三衛郎之建,及左輔、右弼、太宰、少宰之稱,員既濫冗,名益繁雜,由是官有視秩,元豐之制,至此大壞。 及宣和末,王復請修《官制格目》,而邊事起,訖不果成。
Thereafter memorialists again requested restoration of the twenty-four bureau system. After Emperor Shenzong took the throne, he first ordered the institutes to collate the Tang Six Offices Canon, gave manuscript copies to commandery ministers, and established a bureau to fix it in detail. Thereupon all empty titles in departments, censorates, courts, and supervisorates were replaced with grades; in the third year of Yuanfeng the fixing bureau submitted the Nominal Salary Table, and when the bright regular sacrifice was completed the new system adjusted nearby ministers' ranks. At first the new grades were still few, and transfers could change easily. In Yuanyou's early years, Court Discussion Grandee and the six grades above were first split into left and right; in Shaosheng this was abolished. At the beginning of Chongning, from Attendant Direct to Assistant Gentleman, seven grades of selected officials were exchanged, and four grades from Proclaiming Attendant to Directly Honest Grandee were added. At the end of Zhenghe, from Congzheng to Digong Gentleman, three more grades of selected officials were changed, completing the civil grades; Military grades likewise changed chief commissioner to grandee and vice commissioner to gentleman. The twelve lateral-rank grades for commissioners and vice commissioners were likewise changed. Later Proclaiming Direct and Treading Direct grandees and gentlemen were added, ten grades forming the lateral rank. Thereafter Kaifeng guard officials became prefect-governors, the inner service imitated military affairs titles, the six offices bureau was revised, three guard gentlemen established, and left assistant, right assistant, grand steward, and junior steward added; with excessive posts and complex names, offices gained nominal ranks and the Yuanfeng system was greatly damaged. At the end of Xuanhe, Wang again requested revision of the Official System Regulations, but frontier affairs arose and the work was never completed.
30
初,太平興國八年五月,太宗作《戒諭百官辭》二通,以付閤門。 一戒京朝官受任於外者,一戒幕職、州縣官,朝辭對別日,令舍人宣示之,各繕寫歸所治,奉以為訓焉。 大中祥符元年,真宗以祥符降錫,述大中清淨為治之道,申誡百官,又作《誡諭辭》二道,易舊辭,賜出使京朝官及幕職、州縣官,其後,又作《文》、《武七條》。 《文》,賜京朝官任轉運使、提點刑獄、知州府軍監、通判、知縣者:一曰清心,謂平心待物,不為喜怒愛憎之所遷,則庶事自正。 二曰奉公,謂公直潔己,則民自畏服。 三曰修德,謂以德化人,不必專尚威猛。 四曰責實,勿競虛譽。 五曰明察,謂勤察民情,勿使賦役不均,刑罰不中。 六曰勸課,謂勸諭下民,勤於孝悌之行、農桑之務。 七曰革弊,謂求民疾苦而厘革之。 《武條》賜牧伯洎諸司使而下任部署、鈐轄、知州軍縣、都監、監押、駐泊巡檢者:一曰修身,謂修飭其身,使士卒有所法則,二曰守職,謂不越其職,侵撓州縣民政。 三曰公平,謂均撫士卒,無有偏黨。 四曰訓習,謂訓教士卒,勤習武藝。 五曰簡閱,謂察視士卒,識其勤惰勇怯。 六曰存恤,謂安撫士卒,甘苦皆同,當使齊心,無令失所。 七曰威嚴,謂製馭士卒,無使越禁。 仍許所在刊石或書廳壁,奉以為法。 又以《禮記儒行篇》賜親民厘務文臣,其幕職、州縣官使臣賜敕戒礪。 令崇文院刻板模印,送閤門,辭日分給之。
In the fifth month of Taiping Xingguo 8, Emperor Taizong composed two Admonitions to the Hundred Officials and delivered them to the Gate Office. One admonished capital and court officials appointed outside; one admonished staff and prefectural and county officials. On the day of audience at court departure, attendants proclaimed them; each copied them for his jurisdiction to keep as instruction. In Dazhong Xiangfu 1, Emperor Zhenzong, because auspicious talismans descended, set forth great centrality and pure governance to admonish officials, composed two Admonitory Addresses replacing the old admonitions for mission officials and staff and prefectural officials, and later composed the Seven Articles for Civil and Military Officials. The Civil Articles were given to capital and court officials serving as transport commissioners, judicial intendant commissioners, prefects, military commissioners, circuit controllers, and magistrates: first, Purify the Heart—to treat affairs with a level mind, unmoved by joy, anger, love, or hatred, so affairs become correct. Second, Serve the Public—to be upright and clean in oneself, so the people naturally fear and obey. Third, Cultivate Virtue—to transform people through virtue and not rely exclusively on severity. Fourth, Demand Reality—do not compete for empty reputation. Fifth, Investigate Clearly—to examine the people's condition diligently and not allow uneven levies or improper punishments. Sixth, Encourage Agriculture—to exhort the common people to filial piety, brotherhood, farming, and sericulture. Seventh, Reform Abuses—to seek the people's hardships and reform them. The Military Articles were given to prefects and office commissioners downward serving as commanders, controllers, prefectural and county military officials, garrison commissioners, transport guards, and patrol inspectors: first, Cultivate the Person—to discipline oneself so soldiers have a model; second, Keep to Duty—not to overstep duty and encroach on prefectural civil administration. Third, Be Fair—to treat soldiers equally without partiality. Fourth, Train and Practice—to instruct soldiers and diligently practice martial arts. Fifth, Review—to inspect soldiers and know their diligence, laziness, courage, and timidity. Sixth, Preserve and Relieve—to comfort soldiers, share sweetness and bitterness alike, make them of one mind, and not let them lose their place. Seventh, Maintain Awe—to control soldiers and not let them overstep prohibitions. They were also permitted to carve them on stone or write them on hall walls and treat them as law. The Confucian Conduct chapter of the Book of Rites was also given to civil officials governing the people, and staff and prefectural officials and envoys received edict admonitions. The Hall of Exalted Culture was ordered to cut blocks and print them and send them to the Gate Office for distribution on audience departure day.
31
太宗時,郊祀行慶,群官率多進改。 真宗初,右司諫孫何上言曰:「伏見國家撫有多方,並建眾職。 外則郡將、通守,朝士代行; 關征、榷酤,使者兼掌; 下至幕府職掾之微,或自朝廷選補而授。 用人既廣,推擇難精。 貢部上名,動逾千計; 門資入仕,亦及百人。 稍著職勞,即升京秩; 將命而出,冗長尤多。 每躬祀圓丘,誕敷霈澤,無賢不肖,並許敘遷。 至使評事、寺丞,才數載而通閨籍; 讚善、洗馬,不十年而登台郎。 竊計今之班簿,台、省、宮、寺凡八百員,玉石混淆,名品猥濫。 異夫《虞書》考績、《周官》計治之法也。 有唐舊制,郊禋慶宥,但進階、勳而已,今若十年之內,肆赦相仍,必恐京僚過於胥徒,朝臣多於州縣,豈惟連車平鬥之刺,亦有敗財假器之失。 況祿廩所賦,皆自地征所來,須從民力,何必空竭公藏,附益私人。 已授者朘削既難,未遷者防閑宜峻,古人所謂『損無用之費,罷不急之官』,正在此也,伏願降詔書,自今郊祀,群官一例不得遷陟,必若績用有聞、才名夙著、自可待之不次,豈俟曆階而升。 至於省並吏員,上係與奪。」 時左司諫耿望亦以為言,故咸平二年親郊,止加階、勳,命有司考其殿最而黜陟之。 然三年差遣受代,率皆考課引對,多獲進改,罕有退黜,而官籍浸增矣。
During Emperor Taizong's reign, suburban sacrifice amnesties mostly brought rank advancement. At the beginning of Emperor Zhenzong's reign, right remonstrance supporter Sun He submitted a memorial saying: "The state pacifies many regions and establishes numerous offices. Outside, prefects and circuit controllers were sent from court in succession; pass duties and monopoly wine were held concurrently by commissioners; down to minor secretariat posts, some are selected and appointed from court. With employment so broad, careful selection was difficult. Names submitted by the tribute department often exceeded a thousand; those entering office by family privilege also reached a hundred. After slight service they were raised to capital rank; when sent on commission the excess was especially great. At each personal suburban sacrifice to the Round Altar, broad amnesty was granted and worthy and unworthy alike were permitted promotion. Reviewing officials and court directors after only a few years passed into inner-court registers; moral instructors and grooms within ten years reached bureau posts. In today's rank registers, censorate, inner court, and court offices total eight hundred posts; jade and stone are mixed and names and ranks excessive. This differed from the Book of Yu's merit examination and the Offices of Zhou's governance accounting. Under Tang's old system, suburban sacrifice amnesty granted only rank advancement and honors; if within ten years general amnesties followed in succession, capital officials would exceed clerks and court ministers outnumber prefectural officials—not only inviting satire of filling carts and leveling pecks, but also wasting wealth and borrowing office. Moreover, what salary granaries assign comes from land levies and the people's strength; why empty the public treasury to enrich private persons? Those already appointed are hard to cut back; for those not yet promoted, restraint should be strict. As the ancients said, "Reduce useless expense and abolish non-urgent offices"—this is the point. I hope for an edict that from today's suburban sacrifice officials may not advance as a rule; if merit is evident and talent renowned, why wait for step advancement? As for provincial and combined clerks, this concerned granting and withholding." Left remonstrance supporter Geng Wang also spoke similarly; therefore at the Xianping 2 personal suburban sacrifice, only ranks and honors were added, and the relevant office was ordered to examine performance and promote or demote. Yet when three-year appointees completed their terms, they mostly underwent examination and audience, often received advancement, rarely demotion, and official registers gradually increased.
32
紹興以後合班之制
Combined court ranking after Shaoxing
33
諸太師、太傅、太保左丞相、右丞相少師、少傅、少保王樞密使開府儀同三司知樞密院事參知政事同知樞密院事樞密副使簽書樞密院事太子太師、太傅、太保特進觀文殿大學士太尉太子少師、少傅、少保冀、兗、青、徐、揚、荊、豫梁、雍州牧御史大夫觀文殿學士資政、保和殿大學士吏部、戶部、禮部、兵部、刑部、工部尚書金紫、銀青光祿大夫光祿大夫左、右金吾衛上將軍左、右衛上將軍殿前都指揮使節度使翰林學士承旨翰林學士資政、保和、端明殿學士龍圖、天章、寶文、顯謨、徽猷、敷文閣學士左、右散騎常侍權六曹尚書御史中丞開封尹尚書列曹侍郎樞密直學士龍圖、天章、寶文、顯謨、徽猷、敷文閣直學士宣奉、正奉、正議、通奉大夫左、右驍衛、武衛、屯衛、領軍衛、監門衛、千牛衛上將軍太子賓客、詹事給事中承宣使中書舍人通議大夫殿前副都指揮使左、右諫議大夫保和殿待制龍圖、天章、寶文、顯謨、微猷、敷文閣待制權六曹侍郎太中大夫觀察使太常卿宗正卿秘書監馬軍都指揮使步軍都指揮使馬、步副都指揮使中大夫光祿、衛尉、太僕、大理、鴻臚、司農、太府卿中奉、中散大夫內客省使通侍大夫樞密都承旨國子祭酒太常少卿宗正少卿秘書少監正侍、宣正、履正、協忠大夫中侍、中亮大夫太子左、右庶子中衛、翊衛親衛大夫知閤門事殿前都虞候馬軍都虛候步軍都虞候防禦使捧日、天武四廂都指揮使龍、神衛四廂都指揮使團練使諸州刺史左、右金吾以下諸衛大將軍駙馬都尉集英殿修撰七寺少卿朝議、奉直大夫中書門下省檢正諸房公事尚書左、右司郎中右文殿修撰國子司業少府、將作、軍器監都水使者入內內侍省、內侍省都知宣政使拱衛大夫太子少詹事、左右諭德入內內侍省、內侍省副都知昭宣使左武大夫同知閤門事右武大夫入內內侍省、內侍省押班樞密承旨樞密副都承旨起居郎起居舍人侍御史帶禦器械尚書左、右司員外郎樞密院檢詳諸房文字秘閣修撰開封少尹。 太子侍讀、侍講尚書吏部、司封、司勳、考功、戶部、度支、金部、倉部、禮部、祠部、主客、膳部、兵部、職方、駕部、庫部、刑部、都官、比部、司門、工部、屯田、虞部、水部郎中開封府判官、推官直龍圖閣朝請、朝散、朝奉大夫直天章閣殿中侍御史左、右司諫左、右正言符寶郎內行寶郎樞密副承旨武功、武德、和安、春官、成和、夏官、成安、中官、成全、秋官、武顯、武節、平和、冬官、武略、保安、武經、武義、武翼大夫尚書諸司員外郎直寶文閣開封府司祿參軍事樞密院諸房副承旨朝請、朝散、朝奉郎直顯謨閣少府、將作、軍器少監諸衛將軍正侍、宣正、履正、協忠、中侍、中亮、中衛、翊衛、親衛、拱衛、左武、右武郎監察御史直微猷、敷文閣承議郎中郎將翰林良醫武功、武德、和安、成和、成安、成全、武顯、武節、平和、武略、保安、武經、武義、武翼郎太子中舍人太子舍人親王府翊善、讚讀、直講、太常丞判太醫局宗正、大宗正秘書丞直秘閣左右郎將奉議郎大理正著作郎閤門舍人宣讚舍人翰林醫官翰林醫效翰林醫痊兩赤縣令太子左右衛、司禦、清道監門、內率府率七寺丞秘書郎太常博士樞密院計議、編修官敕令所刪定官陵台令著作佐郎國子監丞諸王宮大小學教授國子博士大理司直、評事訓武、通直、修武郎、內常侍、少府、將作、軍器、都水監丞監尚書六部門開封府功曹倉曹戶兵曹法曹士曹參軍事、左右軍巡使、判官主管太醫局秘書省校書郎、正字親王府記室太史局五官正御史臺檢法官、主簿九寺主簿閤門祗候樞密院逐房副承旨從義、秉義郎太子諸率府副率幹辦左、右廂公事忠訓、忠翊、宣教郎太學、武學、律學博士太常寺奉禮郎、太祝、郊社令、籍田令光祿寺太官令五監主簿宣義、成忠、保義、承事、承奉、承務郎國子、太學正武學諭國子、太學錄律學正太醫局丞京府判官京府司錄參軍承直郎京畿縣令兩赤縣丞三京赤縣令承節、承信郎節度、觀察判官節度掌書記觀察支使防禦、團練判官京府、節度、觀察推官軍事判官防禦、團練、軍事推官軍、監判官節鎮錄事參軍京府諸曹參軍事軍巡判官儒林、文林、從事郎京畿縣丞三京赤縣丞上、中、下州錄事參軍事三京畿縣丞。
Grand preceptors, tutors, and guardians; left and right chancellors; junior preceptors, tutors, and guardians; princes; military affairs commissioner; grandee of the palace with ceremonial parity; military affairs administrator; participant in governance; associate military administrator; vice military commissioner; deputy military affairs drafter; heir's grand preceptors, tutors, and guardians; special advancement; Hall for Viewing Literature grand academician; grand commandant; heir's junior preceptors, tutors, and guardians; prefects of Ji, Yan, Qing, Xu, Yang, Jing, Yu, Liang, and Yong; censor-in-chief; Hall for Viewing Literature academician; Zizheng and Baohe hall grand academicians; personnel, revenue, rites, war, justice, and works ministers; golden purple and silver green grandees; imperial entertainment grandee; golden guard and left and right guard senior generals; palace front commander; military commissioner; Hanlin academician-in-chief; Hanlin academician; Zizheng, Baohe, and Duanshi hall academicians; Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Chapter, Treasured Writing, Displayed Plan, Emblematic Excellence, and Spread Writing hall academicians; palace attendants extraordinary; acting six-bureau ministers; vice censor-in-chief; Kaifeng prefect; department vice ministers; direct military affairs academician; Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Chapter, Treasured Writing, Displayed Plan, Emblematic Excellence, and Spread Writing direct academicians; proclaiming, direct, direct discussion, and universal attendant grandees; resolute, martial, garrison, command, gate, and thousand-ox guard senior generals; heir's guest and grand tutor; petitioner; proclamation commissioner; secretarial drafter; universal discussion grandee; palace front vice commander; remonstrance officials; Baohe hall awaiting appointment; Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Chapter, Treasured Writing, Displayed Plan, Emblematic Excellence, and Spread Writing awaiting appointment; acting six-bureau vice ministers; great centrality grandee; observation commissioner; sacrifices director; imperial clan director; archive director; horse army commander; foot army commander; horse and foot vice commanders; middle-rank grandee; entertainment, guard, stud, judicial review, ceremonial, revenue, and treasury directors; central attendance and dispersal grandees; inner reception commissioner; universal attendant grandee; chief military affairs director; education director; sacrifices, imperial clan, and archive junior directors; direct, proclaiming direct, treading direct, and coordinated loyalty grandees; attending, central brightness, treading direct, coordinated loyalty, central attendance, central bright attendance, central guard, personal guard attendance, and personal guard grandees; heir's subordinates; central guard, personal guard attendance, and personal guard grandees; gate office director; palace front chief commandant; horse and foot army chief commandants; defense commissioner; Sun-Embracing and Heavenly Martial four-wing commanders; Dragon and Divine four-wing commanders; training commissioner; prefectural governors; golden guard and subordinate guard senior generals; imperial son-in-law; Assembling Excellence Hall compiler; seven-court junior directors; court discussion and direct attendance grandees; secretariat and chancellery rectifiers; department left and right bureau directors; Right Writing Hall compiler; education vice director; manufactures, construction, and military equipment directors; waterways commissioner; inner palace and inner attendant directors; inner attendant directors-in-chief; ceremonial affairs commissioner; attending attendant grandee; heir's junior tutor and left and right moral instructors; inner palace and inner attendant deputy directors-in-chief; proclamation and display commissioner; left martial grandee; gate office associate director; right martial grandee; inner palace and inner attendant supervisors; military affairs director; deputy military affairs director; diarist and diarist attendant; supervising censor; imperial equipment bearer; department left and right bureau vice directors; military affairs text examiner; secret archive compiler; Kaifeng junior prefect. Heir's attending reader and lecturer; personnel, revenue, and rites bureau directors through works bureau directors; Kaifeng judge and investigating officer; direct Dragon Diagram attendant; court petition, dispersal, and attendance grandees; direct Heavenly Chapter attendant; palace censor; remonstrance supporters and rectifiers; seal and inner seal officers; deputy military affairs director; martial achievement through martial wing grandees; department outer bureau vice directors; direct Treasured Writing attendant; Kaifeng chief recorder adjutant; military affairs section deputy directors; court petition, dispersal, and attendance gentlemen; direct Displayed Plan attendant; manufactures, construction, and military equipment junior directors; guard generals; direct attendance through right martial gentlemen; investigating censor; direct Emblematic Excellence and Spread Writing attendants; supporter of righteousness gentlemen; guard generals; Hanlin fine physician; martial achievement through martial wing gentlemen; heir's central attendant and attendant; princely moral instructor, reader, direct lecturer; sacrifices assistant director; medical bureau judge; imperial clan assistants; archive assistant; direct secret attendant; left and right guard generals; supporter of discussion gentlemen; judicial review rectifier; compilation officer; gate and proclamation attendants; Hanlin medical officers; both red-county magistrates; heir's guard, palace service, clear way, gate, and inner rate commandants; seven-court assistants; archive gentlemen; sacrifices erudites; military affairs planning and compilation officers; edict revision officers; tomb platform director; assistant compilation officer; princely academy instructors; directorate erudites; judicial review rectifiers and reviewers; training martial through cultivated martial gentlemen; inner regular attendant; manufactures, construction, military equipment, and waterways assistant directors; six-gate supervisors; Kaifeng merit through soil adjutants; army patrol officers and judges; medical bureau director; archive collators and proofreaders; princely recorders; astronomical officers; censorate judges and chief clerks; nine-court chief clerks; gate ushers; military affairs section deputy directors; follow and uphold righteousness gentlemen; heir's guard deputy commandants; wing staff officers; loyal instruction and assistance gentlemen; academy erudites; sacrifices ritual gentlemen, invocators, suburban sacrifice and registry field directors; grand food chief; five supervisorate chief clerks; proclaim righteousness through Chengwu gentlemen; directorate, grand academy, and military academy rectifiers; directorate and grand academy recorders; law academy rectifier; medical bureau assistant director; Kaifeng judge; Kaifeng chief recorder adjutant; Chengzhi gentleman; capital-region magistrates; both red-county assistants; three-capital red-county magistrates; Chengjie and Chengxin gentlemen; military and observation adjutants; commissioner secretaries; observation staff officers; defense and training judges; capital, military, and observation investigating officers; military and supervisorate judges and investigating officers; commissioner chief recorder adjutants; capital six-bureau adjutants; army patrol judges; Rulin, Wenlin, and Congshi gentlemen; capital-region assistants; three-capital red-county assistants; upper, middle, and lower prefecture chief recorder adjutants; three-capital region assistants.
34
兩赤縣主簿、尉諸州上中下縣令、丞從政郎諸府司理、諸曹參軍事節鎮、上中下州司理、司戶、司法參軍修職郎京畿縣主簿、尉三京赤縣、畿縣主簿、尉諸州上中下縣簿、尉城砦主簿馬監主簿迪功郎諸州司士、文學、助教
Both red-county chief clerks and sheriffs; upper, middle, and lower prefectural magistrates and assistants; Congzheng gentleman; prefectural judicial officers and six-bureau adjutants; military commissioner and upper, middle, and lower prefecture judicial, household, and legal adjutants; Xiuzhi gentleman; capital-region chief clerks and sheriffs; three-capital red-county and capital-region chief clerks and sheriffs; upper, middle, and lower prefectural chief clerks and sheriffs; fort and stockade chief clerks; horse supervisorate chief clerks; Digong gentleman; prefectural soil officers, literary officers, and assistant instructors
35
為官職雜壓之序。
This is the order of precedence for mixed office ranking.
36
官品紹興、乾道、慶元。 先後修定,間有官、勳已從罷省,而令仍不廢,今具載焉。
Official grades under Shaoxing, Qiandao, and Qingyuan. Revised successively, some offices and honors had already been abolished while regulations remained; all are recorded here.
37
諸太師,太傅,太保,左、右丞相,少師,少傅,少保,王,為正一品。
Grand preceptors, tutors, guardians, left and right chancellors, junior preceptors, tutors, guardians, and princes are first primary grade.
38
諸樞密使,開府儀同三司,特進,太子太師、太傅、太保,嗣王,郡王,國公,為從一品。
Military affairs commissioners, grandees with three-excellency ceremonial parity, special advancement, heir's grand preceptors, tutors, and guardians, heirs apparent, commandery princes, and state dukes are first secondary grade.
39
諸金紫光祿大夫,知樞密院事,參知政事,同知樞密院事,太尉,開國郡公,上柱國,為正二品。
Golden purple grandees, military affairs administrators, participants in governance, associate military administrators, grand commandants, commandery dukes, and pillars of state are second primary grade.
40
諸銀青光祿大夫,簽書樞密院事,觀文殿大學士,太子少師、少傅、少保,御史大夫,吏部、戶部、禮部、兵部、刑部、工部尚書,左右金吾衛、左右衛上將軍,冀、兗、青、徐、揚、荊、豫、梁、雍州牧,殿前都指揮使,節度使,開國縣公,柱國,為從二品。
Silver green grandees, deputy military affairs drafters, Hall for Viewing Literature grand academicians, heir's junior preceptors, tutors, and guardians, censor-in-chief, six ministers, golden guard and left and right guard senior generals, prefects of Ji, Yan, Qing, Xu, Yang, Jing, Yu, Liang, and Yong, palace front commander, military commissioners, county dukes, and pillars of state are second secondary grade.
41
諸宣奉、正奉大夫,觀文殿學士,資政、保和殿大學士,翰林學士承旨,翰林學士,資政、保和、端明殿學士,龍圖、天章、寶文、顯謨、徽猷、敷文閣學士,樞密直學士,左、右散騎常侍,權六曹尚書,上護軍,為正三品。
Proclaiming, direct, direct discussion, and universal attendant grandees; Hall for Viewing Literature academician; Zizheng and Baohe hall grand academicians; Hanlin academician-in-chief; Hanlin academician; Zizheng, Baohe, and Duanshi hall academicians; Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Chapter, Treasured Writing, Displayed Plan, Emblematic Excellence, and Spread Writing hall academicians; direct military affairs academician; palace attendants extraordinary; acting six-bureau ministers; and protectors of the army are third primary grade.
42
諸正議、通奉大夫,龍圖、天章、寶文、顯謨、徽猷、敷文閣直學士,御史中丞,開封尹,尚書列曹侍郎,諸衛上將軍,太子賓客、詹事,開國侯,護軍,為從三品。
Direct discussion and universal attendant grandees; Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Chapter, Treasured Writing, Displayed Plan, Emblematic Excellence, and Spread Writing direct academicians; vice censor-in-chief; Kaifeng prefect; department vice ministers; guard senior generals; heir's guest and grand tutor; state marquises; and protectors of the army are third secondary grade.
43
諸通議大夫,給事中,中書舍人,太常卿,宗正卿,秘書監,諸衛大將軍,殿前副都指揮使,承宣使,開國伯,上輕車都尉,為正四品。
Universal discussion grandees; petitioners; secretarial drafters; sacrifices, imperial clan, and archive directors; guard generals; palace front vice commander; proclamation commissioner; state earls; and senior commanders of light chariots are fourth primary grade.
44
諸太中大夫,保和殿、龍圖、天章、寶文、顯謨、徽猷、敷文閣侍製,左、右諫議大夫,權六曹侍郎七寺卿,國子祭酒,少府、將作監,諸衛將軍、輕車都尉,為從四品。
Great centrality grandees; Baohe, Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Chapter, Treasured Writing, Displayed Plan, Emblematic Excellence, and Spread Writing awaiting appointment; remonstrance officials; acting six-bureau vice ministers; seven-court directors; education director; manufactures and construction directors; guard generals and light chariot commanders are fourth secondary grade.
45
諸中大夫,馬、步軍都指揮使,副都指揮使,觀察使,通侍、正侍、宣正、履正、協忠、中侍大夫,開國子,上騎都尉,為正五品。
Middle-rank grandees; horse and foot army commanders; vice commanders; observation commissioners; universal attendant, direct attendance, proclaiming direct, treading direct, and coordinated loyalty grandees; state viscounts; and senior cavalry commanders are fifth primary grade.
46
諸中奉、中散大夫,太常、宗正少卿,秘書少監,內客省使,延福宮使,景福殿使,太子左、右庶子,樞密都承旨,中亮、中衛、翊衛、親衛大夫,殿前馬、步軍都虞候,防禦使,捧日、天武、龍神衛四廂都指揮使,團練使,諸州刺史,駙馬都尉,開國男,騎都尉,為從五品。
Central attendance and dispersal grandees; sacrifices and imperial clan junior directors; archive junior director; inner reception, Extended Blessings palace, and Jingfu hall commissioners; heir's subordinates; chief military affairs director; central brightness, central guard, personal guard attendance, and personal guard grandees; palace front horse and foot chief commandants; defense commissioner; Sun-Embracing, Heavenly Martial, Dragon, and Divine four-wing commanders; training commissioner; prefectural governors; imperial son-in-law; state barons; and cavalry commanders are fifth secondary grade.
47
諸朝議、奉直大夫,集英殿修撰,七寺少卿,中書門下省檢正諸房公事,尚書左、右司郎中,國子司業,軍器監,都水使者,太子少詹事、左右諭德,入內內侍省、內侍省都知副都知,宣慶、宣政、昭宣使,拱衛、左武、右武大夫,入內內侍省、內侍省押班,樞密承旨、副承旨,驍騎尉,為正六品。
Court discussion and direct attendance grandees; Assembling Excellence Hall compiler; seven-court junior directors; secretariat and chancellery rectifier; department left and right bureau directors; education vice director; military equipment director; waterways commissioner; heir's junior tutor and left and right moral instructors; inner palace and inner attendant directors-in-chief and deputy directors-in-chief; Xuanqing, Xuanzheng, and Zhaoxuan commissioners; attending attendant, left martial, and right martial grandees; inner palace and inner attendant supervisors; military affairs director and deputy director; and resolute cavalry commanders are sixth primary grade.
48
諸朝請、朝散、朝奉大夫,起居郎,起居舍人,侍御史,尚書省左、右司員外郎,樞密院檢詳諸房文字,右文殿、秘閣修撰,開封少尹,尚書諸司郎中,開封府判官、推官,少府、將作、軍器少監,和安、成和、成安大夫,陵台令,飛騎尉,為從六品。
Court petition, dispersal, and attendance grandees; diarist and diarist attendant; supervising censor; department left and right bureau vice directors; military affairs text examiner; Right Writing Hall and secret archive compilers; Kaifeng junior prefect; department bureau directors; Kaifeng judge and investigating officer; manufactures, construction, and military equipment junior directors; peace and safety, complete harmony, and complete peace grandees; tomb platform director; and flying cavalry commanders are sixth secondary grade.
49
諸朝請、朝散、朝奉郎,殿中侍御史,左、右司諫,尚書諸司員外郎,侍講,直龍圖、天章、寶文閣,開封府司錄參軍事,樞密副承旨,樞密院諸房副承旨,武功至武翼大夫,成全、平和、保安大夫,翰林良醫,太子侍讀、侍講,兩赤縣令,雲騎尉,為正七品。
Court petition, dispersal, and attendance gentlemen; palace censor; remonstrance supporters; department outer bureau vice directors; attending lecturer; direct Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Chapter, and Treasured Writing attendants; Kaifeng chief recorder adjutant; deputy military affairs director; military affairs section deputy directors; martial achievement through martial wing grandees; complete fulfillment, peace and harmony, and preserve peace grandees; Hanlin fine physician; heir's attending reader and lecturer; both red-county magistrates; and cloud cavalry commanders are seventh primary grade.
50
諸承議郎,左、右正言,符寶郎,監察御史,直顯謨徽猷、敷文閣,太常、宗正、秘書丞,大理正,著作郎,崇政殿說書,內符寶郎,正侍至右武郎,武功至武翼郎,和安至保安郎,翰林醫官,閤門宣讚舍人,太子中舍人、舍人、諸率府率,親王府翊善、讚讀、直講,判太醫局令,翰林醫效、醫痊,武騎尉,為從七品。
Supporter of righteousness gentlemen; left and right rectifiers; seal officers; investigating censors; direct Displayed Plan, Emblematic Excellence, and Spread Writing attendants; sacrifices, imperial clan, and archive assistants; judicial review rectifier; compilation officer; Exalted Governance hall lecturer; inner seal officer; direct attendance through right martial gentlemen; martial achievement through martial wing gentlemen; peace and safety through preserve peace gentlemen; Hanlin medical officer; gate proclamation attendant; heir's central attendant and attendant; guard commandants; princely moral instructor, reader, and direct lecturer; medical bureau director; Hanlin medical effectiveness and skill officers; and martial cavalry commanders are seventh secondary grade.
51
諸奉議、通直郎,七寺丞,秘書郎,太常博士,樞密院計議官、編修官,敕令所刪定官,直秘閣,著作佐郎,國子監丞,諸王宮大小學教授,國子博士,大理司直、評事,訓武、修武郎,內常侍,開封府諸曹參軍事、軍巡使、判官,京府判官,亦畿縣令,兩赤縣丞,三京赤縣、畿縣令,太史局五官正,中書、門下省錄事,尚書省都事,為正八品。
Supporter of discussion and universal direct gentlemen; seven-court assistants; archive gentlemen; sacrifices erudites; military affairs planning and compilation officers; edict revision officers; direct secret attendants; assistant compilation officers; directorate assistants; princely academy instructors; directorate erudites; judicial review rectifiers and reviewers; training martial and cultivated martial gentlemen; inner regular attendants; Kaifeng adjutants, army patrol officers, and judges; capital prefecture judges; capital-region county magistrates; both red-county assistants; three-capital red-county and capital-region magistrates; astronomical officers; secretariat and chancellery recorders; and department chief clerks are eighth primary grade.
52
諸宣教、宣議郎,御史臺檢法官、主簿,少府、將作、軍器、都水監丞,寺、監主簿,秘書省校書郎、正字,太常寺奉禮郎、太祝,太學、武學、律學博士,主管太醫局,閤門祗候,樞密院逐房副承旨,東、西頭供奉官,從義、秉義郎,太子諸率府副率,親王府記室,節度、觀察、防禦、團練、軍事、監判官,節度掌書記,觀察支使,京府、節度、觀察、防禦、團練、軍事推官,諸州簽判,節鎮、上中下州錄事參軍,京府諸曹參軍事、軍巡判官,承直、儒林、文林、從事、從政、修職郎,京畿縣丞,三京赤縣、畿縣丞,諸州上中下縣令、丞,兩赤縣主簿,尉,諸府諸曹,節鎮、上州諸司參軍事,節度副使、行軍司馬,防禦、團練副使,太史局丞、直長、靈台郎、保章正,翰林醫愈、醫證、醫診、醫候,三省樞密院主事,守闕主事、令史、書令史,為從八品。
Loyal instruction and uphold righteousness gentlemen; censorate investigating judges and chief clerks; manufactures, construction, military equipment, and waterways assistant directors; court and supervisorate chief clerks; archive collators and proofreaders; sacrifices ritual gentlemen and invocators; academy erudites; medical bureau director; gate ushers; military affairs section deputy directors; eastern and western head tribute officers; follow and uphold righteousness gentlemen; heir's guard deputy commandants; princely recorders; military, observation, defense, training, and supervisorate judges; commissioner secretaries; observation staff officers; capital, commissioner, observation, defense, training, and military investigating officers; prefectural signers; commissioner and upper, middle, and lower prefecture chief recorder adjutants; capital six-bureau adjutants and army patrol judges; Chengzhi, Rulin, Wenlin, Congshi, Congzheng, and Xiuzhi gentlemen; capital-region assistants; three-capital red-county and capital-region assistants; upper, middle, and lower prefectural magistrates and assistants; both red-county chief clerks and sheriffs; various prefectural six-bureau officers; military commissioner and upper prefecture adjutants; commissioner vice commissioners and acting military adjutants; defense and training vice commissioners; astronomical bureau assistants, squad chiefs, observatory gentlemen, and calendar keepers; Hanlin medical recovery, certification, diagnosis, and observation officers; three departments and military affairs chief clerks; and awaiting-appointment chief clerks, clerks, and document clerks are eighth secondary grade.
53
諸承事、承奉郎, 〈(理親民資序者,從八品,承務郎準此。)〉 殿頭高品,郊社、籍田、太官令,國子太學正、錄,武學諭,律學正,太醫局丞,忠訓、忠翊、成忠、保義郎,挈壺正,京畿縣主簿、尉,三京赤縣主簿、尉,諸州別駕、長史、司馬,樞密院守闕書令史,為正九品。
Chengzhi and Chengfeng gentlemen, (For those in the kinship-governing-the-people sequence, eighth secondary grade; Chengwu gentleman follows this rule.) High-rank head attendants; suburban sacrifice, registry field, and grand food directors; grand academy rectifiers and recorders; military academy instructor; law academy rectifier; medical bureau assistant director; loyal instruction, loyal assistance, Chengzhong, and Baoyi gentlemen; clepsydra rectifier; capital-region chief clerks and sheriffs; three-capital red-county chief clerks and sheriffs; prefectural vice prefects, chiefs of staff, and military adjutants; and military affairs awaiting-appointment document clerks are ninth primary grade.
54
諸承務郎,高班,黃門內品,承節、承信、迪功郎,中、下州諸司參軍,諸州上中下縣主簿、尉,城砦、馬監主簿,諸州司士、文學、助教,翰林醫學,為從九品。
Chengwu gentlemen; senior rank attendants; Inner Yellow Gate ranks; Chengjie and Chengxin gentlemen; Digong gentleman; middle and lower prefecture adjutants; upper, middle, and lower prefectural chief clerks and sheriffs; fort, stockade, and horse supervisorate chief clerks; prefectural soil officers, literary officers, and assistant instructors; and Hanlin medical scholars are ninth secondary grade.