1
舊中書門下、翰林學士、御史中丞並緋衣雙引,仍傳呼。 〈(開寶中,學士止令一吏前導,亦罷傳呼,惟謝恩初上日,雙引傳呼云。)〉 使相、僕射、兩省五品已上,一吏前引。 〈(樞密使兼相者,二吏,不讚引。 大中祥符五年,止令於本廳讚引。 不帶相及副使,止令本院紫衣吏前讚引之。)〉
Under the former regulations, chancellors of the Secretariat, Hanlin Academicians, and Vice Censors-in-Chief alike were preceded by two scarlet-clad attendants, and heralds still called out before them. (During Kaibao, Academicians were limited to a single attendant leading the way, and the practice of calling out was discontinued as well; only on the first day when they presented thanks for imperial favor did they again receive double escort and heralds calling out.) Commissioners bearing nominal premiership, Vice Premiers, and officials of fifth rank and above in the two central secretariats were led by a single attendant. (A Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs who also held the premiership had two attendants and no herald announcing his passage. In the fifth year of Dazhongxiangfu, announcements were confined to their own bureau halls. Those without the premiership and deputy commissioners were led only by a purple-robed attendant from their own bureau, who announced their passage.)
2
淳化四年,令東宮三少、尚書、丞、郎入朝以緋衣吏前導,並通官嗬止。 二品已上用朝堂驅使官,餘用本司驅使官,宰臣、親王仍令紫衣一吏引馬。
In the fourth year of Chunhua, the Three Minor Mentors of the Eastern Palace, Ministers, Vice Ministers, and Drafters were required, when entering court, to be preceded by scarlet-clad attendants, and officials were to shout for pedestrians to stand aside. Officials of second rank and above used attendants assigned from the court assembly; the rest used attendants from their own offices; chief ministers and imperial princes still had a single purple-robed attendant lead their horses.
3
中書、樞密、宣微院、御史臺、開封府、金吾司皆有常從。 景德三年詔:「諸行尚書、文明殿學士、資政殿大學士,給從七人; 學士、丞郎,六人; 給事、諫議、舍人,五人; 諸司三品,四人。 於開封府、金吾司差借,每季代之。」 中書先差金吾從人,自今亦令參用開封府散從官。 宰臣、參知政事、僕射、御史大夫、中丞、知雜,皆通官嗬止行人。 〈(淳化四年,令東宮三少、尚書丞、郎,並通官嗬止。)〉
The Secretariat, Bureau of Military Affairs, Bureau of Palace Attendants, Censorate, Kaifeng Prefecture, and Imperial Guards each maintained standing retinues. In the third year of Jingde, an edict declared: "Acting Ministers, Academicians of the Hall of Civil Glory, and Grand Academicians of the Hall for Cherishing Virtue receive seven attendants; Academicians, Vice Ministers, and Drafters, six; Drafting Attendants, Remonstrance Officials, and Secretariat Drafters, five; Third-rank officials in the various bureaus, four. Attendants were seconded from Kaifeng Prefecture and the Imperial Guards and rotated each quarter." The Secretariat had previously drawn its attendants from the Imperial Guards; henceforth it was also to employ miscellaneous attendants from Kaifeng Prefecture. Chief ministers, Participation Administrators, Vice Premiers, the Censor-in-Chief, Vice Censor-in-Chief, and supervisory censors all had officials call out for pedestrians to stand aside. (In the fourth year of Chunhua, the Three Minor Mentors of the Eastern Palace, Vice Ministers, and Drafters were all to have officials call for passersby to stand aside.)
4
大中祥符五年,以群官導從不合品式,命翰林學士李宗諤、龍圖直學士陳彭年與禮官詳定。 宗諤等請:自今除中書、樞密、宣徽使、御史中丞、知雜御史、金吾並攝事清道如舊制嗬導外,僕射已上及三司使、知開封府,止四節; 尚書、文明殿學士、資政殿大學士,三節; 丞郎已上、三司副使,兩節; 大兩省、卿、監,一節; 小兩製御史、郎中、員外、諸司四品,三司、開封府判官推官,二人前行引,不得過五步。 合於金吾借從人者,以諸軍剩員代之。 又外任節鎮知州、都監,從軍士七十人; 通判,十五人; 防、團、軍事知州都監,五十人; 通判,十人; 〈(河北、河東、陝西駐泊兵處,節鎮知州、都監百人,防、團、軍事知州都監七十人。)〉 轉運使,三十人; 〈(咸平二年,詔節度、觀察、防、團、刺史,或別鎮、他鎮,其給使者,止令本使給之。 景德六年,令牧守以州兵隨行者以一年為限。)〉 副使,二十五人; 提點刑獄官,亦給軍士; 副留守、節度行軍副使、留守兩使判官,給散從官十五人; 小尹、掌書記、支使、防禦、團練副使、兩使推官,十人; 兩浙推官、防團軍事判官推官、軍監判官,七人; 錄事諸曹,給承符人; 縣令、簿、尉、手力、弓手,其代還者,給人護送有差。
In the fifth year of Dazhongxiangfu, because the escorts of various officials did not conform to rank regulations, Hanlin Academic Li Zong'e and Dragon Diagram Direct Academic Chen Pengnian were ordered, together with ritual officials, to draft detailed rules. Li and his colleagues proposed that, apart from the Secretariat, Bureau of Military Affairs, Bureau of Palace Attendants, Censor-in-Chief, supervisory censors, and Imperial Guards—who, when acting in office, still cleared the way with shouted escort as under the old regulations—Vice Premiers and above, Commissioners of the Three Departments, and the Director of Kaifeng be limited to four escort sections; Ministers, Academicians of the Hall of Civil Glory, and Grand Academicians of the Hall for Cherishing Virtue, three sections; Vice Ministers, Drafters, and above, and deputy commissioners of the Three Departments, two sections; Senior Secretariat officials, ministers, and supervisors, one section; Junior Secretariat censors, bureau chiefs, vice bureau chiefs, fourth-rank officials in the various bureaus, and judicial commissioners of the Three Departments and Kaifeng were to have two men leading ahead, no farther than five paces before them. Where attendants were to be borrowed from the Imperial Guards, surplus personnel from the various armies were to serve instead. For prefects and military inspectors of frontier circuit commands serving outside the capital, seventy soldiers as escort; vice prefects, fifteen; prefects and military inspectors of defense, training, and garrison commands, fifty; vice prefects, ten; (In Hebei, Hedong, and Shaanxi, where troops were stationed, circuit prefects and military inspectors received one hundred men; prefects and military inspectors of defense, training, and garrison commands received seventy.) transport commissioners, thirty; (In the second year of Xianping, an edict ruled that for military governors, observation commissioners, and defense, training, and garrison commissioners—whether serving in their home circuit or another—their allotted attendants were to be supplied only by their home commissioner. In the sixth year of Jingde, prefects who took prefectural troops as escorts were limited to one year.) deputy commissioners, twenty-five; judicial intendant officials also received soldiers; deputy regional commissioners, circuit campaign deputies, and judicial commissioners of regional commissioners received fifteen miscellaneous attendants; minor prefects, secretaries, branch commissioners, defense and training deputies, and judicial commissioners of the two main circuits, ten; judicial commissioners of the two Zhe circuits, defense, training, and garrison judicial commissioners, and military supervisors, seven; recorders of the various departments received chenfu clerks; magistrates, registrars, constables, clerks, and archers—when relieved and returning home—received escorts in varying numbers.
5
賜六劍履上殿,詔書不名,讚拜不名,入朝不趨,紫金魚袋、緋魚袋
Bestowal of the six privileges—sword and shoes in the hall, edicts omitting one's personal name, laudatory bows without naming one, exemption from hurrying in court—and of purple-gold and scarlet fish bags
6
右升朝官該恩。 著綠二十周年,賜緋魚袋,著緋及二十周年,賜紫金魚袋。 〈(特旨者,係臨時指揮。) 食邑)〉
At right: privileges granted to officials above the court-attendance threshold. After twenty years in green robes, a scarlet fish bag was bestowed; after twenty years in scarlet, a purple-gold fish bag was bestowed. (Special edicts were temporary directives. fief income households)
7
賜食邑
Bestowal of fief income households
8
一萬戶、八千戶、七千戶、六千戶、五千戶、四千戶、三千戶、二千戶、一千戶、七百戶、五百戶、四百戶、三百戶、二百戶。
10,000, 8,000, 7,000, 6,000, 5,000, 4,000, 3,000, 2,000, 1,000, 700, 500, 400, 300, and 200 households.
9
右宰相、親王、樞密使經恩加一千戶,兩府、使相、節度使七百戶。 宣徽、三司使,觀文殿大學士以下至直學士,文臣侍郎、武臣觀察使、宗室正任以上、皇子上將軍、駙馬都尉加五百戶。 宗室大將軍以上加四百戶。 知制誥、待制並文臣少卿監、武臣諸司副使、宗室副率已上,並承製、崇班、軍員等,初該恩加三百戶; 承製、崇班、軍員再該恩二百戶。 二千戶以上雖有加例,緣無定法,親王、重臣特加有至萬戶者。
At right: chief ministers, imperial princes, and Commissioners of the Bureau of Military Affairs received 1,000 additional households on periodic ennoblement; members of the Two Departments, commissioners with nominal premiership, and military governors received 700. Commissioners of the Bureau of Palace Attendants and the Three Departments, Grand Academicians of the Hall for Viewing Literature down to Direct Academicians, civil Vice Ministers, military observation commissioners, imperial clansmen of regular appointment and above, imperial sons holding senior generalships, and imperial sons-in-law received 500 additional households. Imperial clansmen of great general rank and above received 400 additional households. Drafters of imperial edicts, academicians-in-waiting, civil junior ministers and supervisors, military deputy commissioners, imperial clansmen of deputy commandant rank and above, and drafters, palace guards, and military staff received 300 additional households on first ennoblement; drafters, palace guards, and military staff received 200 additional households on a second ennoblement. Although increments were prescribed above 2,000 households, no fixed rule applied; imperial princes and leading ministers were sometimes granted as many as 10,000 households by special favor.
10
食實封:一千戶、八百戶、五百戶、四百戶、三百戶、二百戶、一百戶。
Actual fief households: 1,000, 800, 500, 400, 300, 200, and 100 households.
11
右宰臣、親王、樞密使經恩加四百戶。 兩府、使相、節度、宣徽使、皇子上將軍,並宗室駙馬都尉任觀察使已上加三百戶。 觀文殿學士並宗室正任已上,騎都尉加二百戶。 武臣崇班、宗室副率已上加一百戶。 五百戶已上雖有加例,緣無定法。 親王、重臣有特加至數千戶者。
At right: chief ministers, imperial princes, and Commissioners of the Bureau of Military Affairs received 400 additional actual households on periodic ennoblement. Members of the Two Departments, commissioners with nominal premiership, military governors, Commissioners of the Bureau of Palace Attendants, imperial sons as senior generals, and imperial clansmen and sons-in-law serving as observation commissioners or above received 300 additional households. Academicians of the Hall for Viewing Literature, imperial clansmen of regular appointment and above, and Commandants of Cavalry received 200 additional households. Military palace guards and imperial clansmen of deputy commandant rank and above received 100 additional households. Although increments were prescribed above 500 households, no fixed rule applied. Imperial princes and leading ministers were sometimes granted several thousand households by special favor.
12
《三朝志》云:檢校、兼、試官之制,檢校則三師、三公、僕射、尚書、散騎常侍、賓客、祭酒、卿、監、諸行郎中、員外郎之類,兼官則御史大夫、中丞,侍御、殿中、監察御史,試秩則大理司直、評事、秘書省校書郎。 凡武官內職、軍職及刺史已上,皆有檢校官、兼官。 內殿崇班初授檢校祭酒兼御史大夫。 三班及吏職、蕃官、諸軍副都頭加恩,初授檢校太子賓客兼監察御史,自此累加焉。 廂軍都指揮使止於司徒,軍都指揮使、忠佐馬步都頭止於司空,親軍都虞候、忠佐副都頭以上止於僕射,諸軍指揮使止於吏部尚書。 其官止,若遇恩例,則或加階、爵、功臣。 幕職初授則試校書郎,再任如至兩使推官,則試大理評事。 掌書記、支使、防禦團練判官以上試大理司直、評事,又加則兼監察御史,亦有至檢校員外郎已上者。 行軍副使皆檢校員外已上。 朝官階、勳高,遇恩亦有加檢校官,郎中則卿、監、少監,員外郎則郎中,太常博士以下則員外郎,並無兼官。 其解褐評事、校書郎、正字、寺監主簿、助教者,謂之試銜。 有選集,同出身例。
The Records of the Three Reigns states: Under the system of acting, concurrent, and probationary offices, acting appointments covered the Three Preceptors, Three Excellencies, Vice Premiers, Ministers, Regular Attendants, Guests of the Heir Apparent, Libationers, ministers, supervisors, and various bureau chiefs and vice chiefs; concurrent appointments covered the Censor-in-Chief, Vice Censor-in-Chief, and Attending, Palace, and Investigating Censors; probationary ranks covered Direct Clerks and Reviewers of the Court of Judicial Review and Proofreaders of the Secretariat. In general, military officials, inner-palace appointees, army officers, and prefects and above all held acting and concurrent offices. Inner Hall Palace Guards were first appointed Acting Libationer and concurrent Censor-in-Chief. Three-Rank personnel, clerical officials, tribal officials, and deputy commanders of the various armies, upon receiving ennoblement, were first appointed Acting Guest of the Heir Apparent and concurrent Investigating Censor, with further increments added thereafter. Commanders-in-Chief of the Garrison Army were capped at Minister of Education; Army Commanders-in-Chief and Loyal Assistants Cavalry and Infantry Commanders at Minister of Works; Commandants of the Imperial Army and Loyal Assistants Deputy Commanders and above at Vice Premier; and commanders of the various armies at Minister of Personnel. Once they reached these caps, further favor might add rank steps, noble titles, or merit subjects instead. Staff appointees were first given probationary Proofreader; on a second appointment reaching judicial commissioner of the two main circuits, they received probationary Reviewer of the Court of Judicial Review. Secretaries, branch commissioners, and defense and training judicial commissioners and above received probationary Direct Clerk or Reviewer; with further increments they might also hold the concurrent Investigating Censor, and some rose to Acting Vice Bureau Chief or higher. Campaign deputies all held Acting Vice Bureau Chief or higher. Court officials of high rank or merit, when ennobled, might also receive acting offices—bureau chiefs up to minister, supervisor, or junior supervisor; vice bureau chiefs up to bureau chief; Masters of Ceremonies of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and below up to vice bureau chief—but none received concurrent offices. Those entering service as Reviewer, Proofreader, Regular Scribe, chief clerk of a temple or supervisorate, or Assistant Instructor were called probationary titles. They were listed in selection assemblies on the same footing as regular entrants.
13
兼領者:親祀南郊,則有大禮、禮儀、儀仗、鹵簿、橋道頓遞五使,藉田、泰山封禪、汾陰奉祀、恭上寶冊、南郊恭謝皆如之。 自餘行禮,或止有大禮、禮儀使。 〈(建隆中南郊,置儀仗都部署、副都署。)〉 經始大禮,則有經度製置使、副。 巡幸,有行宮都部署,行宮有三司使、副使、判官、行宮使、都監。 舊,南郊止有御營使,咸平中,置行宮使。 又有車駕前後、行宮四面、闌前收後、郊壇巡檢巡闌儀仗勾當,編排鹵簿。 其百司皆有行在之名。 〈(舊巡幸,百司皆稱隨駕。 大中祥符初,並同行在某司。)〉 京師居留,則有大內都部署、皇城都點檢、巡檢及增新舊巡檢。 〈(大閱亦置。)〉 征行,則有招討使、招安使、 〈(或云捉賊、招安、安撫使名者。)〉 排陳使、都監,前軍、先鋒、大陳、行營、壕砦、頭車、洞子、招收部署、鈐轄、都監,策應之名。 〈(又有拐子馬、無地名馬,選武幹者別領之。 親征,則冠以駕前之號。 廉訪民瘼,則有巡撫大使、副大使,字撫使、副使、都監,采訪使、副使。 或官卑者止雲巡撫、安撫,無使字。)〉 加禮外國,則有國信、接伴、送伴使副; 吊祭,大帥若是; 又有翻譯經潤文使, 〈(宰相為使,以翰林學士為潤文官。)〉 伸達冤濫,則有理檢使。 勸課農桑,則有勸農使。 講修馬政,則有群牧製置使。 最後明堂祫饗,置五使,如南郊。 其一時特置者,則各具誌傳。 或臨事更製才者,事畢即停。 內外名務繁細者,猶不具載。
Concurrent appointments: When the emperor personally sacrificed at the Southern Suburb, five commissioners were appointed—for Great Rites, Ritual, Insignia, Halberd Escort, and Bridge-Road Relay Stations; the plowing ceremony, Feng and Shan at Mount Tai, sacrifices at Fenyin, presentation of the precious register, and Southern Suburb thanksgiving followed the same pattern. For lesser rites, only Great Rites and Ritual commissioners might be appointed. (At the Jianlong Southern Suburb sacrifice, Chief and Deputy Chiefs of Insignia Deployment were established.) When inaugurating major rites, Planning and Establishment commissioners and their deputies were appointed. On imperial tours, a Chief Deployment of the Traveling Palace was appointed; the traveling palace staff included Commissioners of the Three Departments, deputy commissioners, judicial commissioners, Traveling Palace commissioners, and chief supervisors. Formerly the Southern Suburb had only an Imperial Camp commissioner; in the Xianping era Traveling Palace commissioners were added. There were also commissioners for the fore and rear of the imperial carriage, the four sides of the traveling palace, collecting the rear before the barrier, suburban altar inspection and barrier patrol, insignia management, and arranging the halberd escort. All government offices received traveling-court designations. (On former tours, all offices were styled as accompanying the imperial carriage. At the beginning of Dazhongxiangfu, all were renamed with traveling-court designations.) When the emperor left the capital in residence, Chief Deployment of the Inner Palace, Chief Inspector of the Imperial City, inspectors, and additional new and old inspectors were appointed. (They were also appointed for great military reviews.) On campaign, there were Pacification commissioners and Reconciliation commissioners, (sometimes styled Bandit-Capture, Reconciliation, or Pacification commissioners.) array commissioners and chief supervisors, and titles such as vanguard, advance guard, main array, field headquarters, moat fort, lead chariots, covered wagons, recruitment deployment, command oversight, chief supervisors, and responsive support. (There were also hooked-horse units and units without place names, each led separately by selected capable military officers. When the emperor campaigned in person, the prefix "Before the Carriage" was added. To investigate the people's hardships, there were Touring Pacification chief ambassadors and deputy chief ambassadors, Pacification commissioners, deputies, and chief supervisors, and Investigation commissioners and deputies. Lower-ranking officials were styled only Touring Pacification and Pacification, without the word "commissioner.") When extending ceremonial courtesy to foreign states, there were State Credence, Reception, and Escort commissioners and deputies; condolence missions followed the same pattern for chief envoys; there were also commissioners for translating scriptures and polishing texts, (the chief minister served as commissioner, with a Hanlin Academic as text-polishing officer.) to convey grievances of injustice, there were Investigation commissioners. to encourage farming and sericulture, there were Agriculture-Encouragement commissioners. to discuss and reform horse administration, there were Herd-Administration Planning commissioners. finally, for the Bright Hall joint-offering feast, five commissioners were appointed, as at the Southern Suburb. Offices established temporarily on special appointment are each recorded in separate monographs. Some were created ad hoc for immediate needs and abolished once the affair ended. The numerous detailed titles at court and in the provinces are still not fully listed here.
14
敘階之法開府儀同三司至將仕郎為文散官,驃騎大將軍至陪戎副尉為武散官。 〈(太平興國元年,改正議大夫為正奉,通議大夫為朝奉,朝議郎為朝奉,承議郎為承直,奉議郎為奉直,宣義郎為通直。)〉 京朝官、幕職自將仕郎至朝奉郎,每加五階; 至朝散大夫已上,每加一階。 朝散、銀青者須已服緋紫者。 入令錄、判司簿尉,每加一階; 並幕職計考當服緋紫者,皆奏加朝散、銀青階。 諸司使已上,如使額高者加金紫階。 內殿崇班初授則銀青階。 〈(三班軍職、使職遇恩檢校,兼官,並除銀青階。)〉 丁尤者起復,使相則授雲麾將軍, 〈(使相仍加金吾上將軍,同正節度使,大將軍同正留後,以下無之。)〉 其胥吏掌事而至衣緋者,則授遊擊將軍,千牛備身則授陪戎副尉以上。
Under the method of rank advancement, Honorary Three Excellencies with Palace Attendance down to Aspirant Gentleman formed the civil honorary ranks, and Commandant-in-Chief of Cavalry down to Vice Defender of the Army formed the military honorary ranks. (In the first year of Taipingxingguo, Righteous Discussion Grandee was renamed Regular Supporter, Universal Discussion Grandee Court Supporter, Court Discussion Gentleman Court Supporter, Continuing Discussion Gentleman Continuing Direct, Supporting Discussion Gentleman Supporting Direct, and Proclaiming Righteousness Gentleman Universal Direct.) Capital court officials and staff appointees from Aspirant Gentleman through Court Supporter Gentleman advanced five steps at a time; from Court Dispersal Grandee upward, one step was added at a time. Court Dispersal and Silver-Green ranks required that one had already worn scarlet or purple robes. those entering magistrate registers and judicial, clerical, and constable posts advanced one step at a time; staff appointees whose performance reviews entitled them to scarlet or purple all memorialized for added Court Dispersal and Silver-Green steps. Commissioners of the various bureaus and above, if their commission carried a high quota, received added Gold-Purple steps. Inner Hall Palace Guards received Silver-Green steps on first appointment. (Three-Rank army posts and commissioner posts, when ennobled with acting or concurrent offices, all received Silver-Green steps.) Those in mourning were recalled to service; commissioners with nominal premiership received General of the Cloud-Banner Regiment, (commissioners with nominal premiership also received Senior General of the Imperial Guards, equal to a regular military governor; great generals equaled regular acting regional commissioners; below that, none.) clerks in charge of affairs who rose to scarlet robes received General of the Mobile Regiment; Imperial Guard attendants received Vice Defender of the Army or higher.
15
改賜功臣勳官,自上柱國至武騎尉。 五代以來,初敘勳官,即授柱國。 淳化無年詔:「自今京官、幕職州縣官始武騎尉,朝官始騎都尉,三班及軍員、吏職經恩並授武騎尉。」 又詔:「古之勳爵,悉有職奉之蔭贖,宜以今之所授與散官等,不得用以蔭勳。」 封爵之差,唐制:王,食邑五千戶; 郡王、國公,三千戶; 開國郡公,二千戶; 縣公,千五百戶; 縣侯,千戶伯,七百戶; 子,五百戶; 男,三百戶。 又有食實封者,戶給縑帛,每賜爵,遞加一級。 唐末及五代始有加邑特戶,而罷去實封之給,又去縣公之名,封侯以郡。 宋初沿其制,文臣少監、少卿以上,武臣副率以上,內職崇班以上有封爵; 丞、郎、學士、刺史、大將軍、諸司使以上有實封。 但以增戶數為差,不係爵級。 邑過其爵,則並進爵焉,止於郡公。 每加食邑,自千戶至二百戶,實封自六百戶至百戶。 親王、重臣或特加,有逾千戶者。 〈(郡公食邑有累加至萬餘,實封至數千戶者。)〉 皇屬特封郡公、縣公或贈侯者,無「開國」字。 〈(侯亦在開國郡公之上。)〉 又采秦製賜爵曰「公士」。 〈(端拱二年,賜諸州高年一百二十七人爵公士,景德中,福建民有擒獲強盜者,當授鎮將,以遠俗非所樂,並賜公士,自後率為例。)〉
Merit subjects and merit ranks were re-bestowed, from Pillar of the State down to Martial Cavalry Commandant. Since the Five Dynasties, the first conferral of merit rank had been Pillar of the State. In the Chunhua era, an edict stated: "Henceforth capital officials, staff, and prefectural and county officials begin with Martial Cavalry Commandant; court officials begin with Commandant of Cavalry; Three-Rank personnel, military staff, and clerical officials on ennoblement all receive Martial Cavalry Commandant." Another edict stated: "Ancient merit titles all carried salary, hereditary privilege, and redemption rights; what is now granted with honorary offices and the like may not be used to privilege merit ranks." Under Tang regulations on ennobled titles: kings received 5,000 fief households; princes of commanderies and state dukes, 3,000 households; Founding Dukes of a Commandery, 2,000 households; county dukes, 1,500 households; county marquises, 1,000 households; earls, 700 households; viscounts, 500 households; barons, 300 households. There were also actual fief households, with silk cloth issued per household; each new ennoblement advanced one grade. In late Tang and the Five Dynasties, special additional fief households were introduced, grants of actual fiefs were abolished, the title county duke was dropped, and marquises were ennobled by commandery. Early Song followed this system: civil junior supervisors and junior ministers and above, military deputy commandants and above, and inner-palace guards and above received ennobled titles; vice ministers, drafters, academicians, prefects, great generals, and bureau commissioners and above received actual fiefs. Only the increase in household numbers marked the difference, without regard to noble rank. When the fief exceeded one's title, the title was advanced as well, up to Duke of a Commandery. Each addition to fief income ran from 1,000 down to 200 households; actual fiefs from 600 down to 100 households. Imperial princes and leading ministers might receive special increases, some exceeding 1,000 households. (Dukes of commanderies' fief income could cumulatively exceed 10,000 households; actual fiefs could reach several thousand.) Imperial clansmen specially ennobled as dukes of commanderies or county dukes, or posthumously granted marquis, bore no "Founding" in the title. (Marquis also ranked above Founding Duke of a Commandery.) The Qin practice was also adopted to bestow the title Gentleman of the State. (In the second year of Duangong, 127 elderly persons in various prefectures were granted Gentleman of the State; in Jingde, Fujian commoners who captured bandits were to receive garrison general, but because frontier custom disfavored it, all were granted Gentleman of the State instead, and thereafter this became precedent.)
16
功臣者,唐開元間賜號「開元功臣」,代宗時有「寶應功臣」,德宗時有「奉天定難元從功臣」之號,僖宗將相多加功臣美名,五代浸增其制。 宋初因之,凡宣製而授者,多賜焉。 參知政事、樞密副使、刺史以上階、勳高者亦賜之。 中書、樞密則「推忠」、協謀,親王則「崇仁、「佐運」,餘官則「推誠」,「保德」、「翊戴」,掌兵則「忠果」、「雄勇」、「宣力」,外臣則「純誠」、「順化」。 宰相初加即六字,餘並四安,其累加則二字,中書、樞密所賜,若罷免或出鎮,則改之。 其諸班直將士禁軍,則賜「拱衛」、「翊衛」等號,遇恩累加,但改其名,不過兩字。
Merit subjects: in Tang Kaiyuan they received the title Kaiyuan Merit Subject; under Daizong, Baoying Merit Subject; under Dezong, Merit Subject, Original Follower Who Pacified Heaven and Quelled Crisis; under Xizong, generals and ministers often added elaborate merit-subject epithets; the Five Dynasties gradually expanded the system. Early Song followed this practice; those proclaimed and appointed by edict were usually granted merit subjects. Participation Administrators, Deputy Bureau chiefs, prefects and above in rank, and those of high merit also received them. The Secretariat and Bureau of Military Affairs received Loyal in Advancement and Cooperating in Planning; imperial princes Honoring Benevolence and Assisting the Mandate; other officials Sincere in Advancement, Preserving Virtue, and Supporting the Throne; commanders Loyal and Fruitful, Heroic and Brave, and Proclaiming Strength; frontier officials Purely Sincere and Following Transformation. Chief ministers on first appointment received six-character titles; the rest four characters; cumulative additions two characters; titles granted by the Secretariat and Bureau of Military Affairs were changed if the holder was dismissed or sent out to command a circuit. Rank-and-file generals and soldiers of the imperial guard received titles such as Arch-Guard and Flank-Guard; on repeated favor only the epithet changed, never exceeding two characters.
17
宋制,設祠祿之官,以佚老優賢。 先時員數絕少,熙寧以後乃增置焉。 在京宮觀,舊制以宰相、執政充使,或丞、郎、學士以上充副使,兩省或五品以上為判官,內侍官或諸司使、副 〈(政和改武臣官制,以使為大夫,以副使為郎。)〉 為都監,又有提舉、提點、主管。 其戚裏、近屬及前宰執留京師者,多除宮觀,以示優禮。 時朝廷方經理時政,患疲老不任事者廢職,欲悉罷之。 乃使任宮觀,以食其祿。 王安石亦欲以此處異議者,遂詔:「宮觀毋限員。 並差知州資序人。 以三十月為任。」 又詔:「杭州洞霄宮、亳州明道宮、華州雲台觀、建州武夷觀、台州崇道觀、成都玉局觀、建昌軍仙都觀、江州太平觀、洪州玉隆觀、五嶽廟自今並依嵩山崇福宮、舒州靈仙觀置管幹或提舉、提點官。」 「奉給,大兩省、卿、監及職司資序人視小郡知州,知州資序人視小郡通判,武臣仿此。」 四年,詔:「宮觀、嶽廟留官一員,餘聽如分司、致仕例,從便居住。」 六年,詔:「卿、監、職司以上提舉,餘官管幹。」 又有以京官為幹當者。 又詔:「年六十以上者乃聽差,毋過兩任。 又詔:「兼用執政恩例者,通不得過三任。」
Under Song regulations, sacrificial-salary offices were established to provide for retired elders and honor the worthy. Formerly the number of posts was very small; after the Xining reforms they were greatly increased. For capital palace abbeys, the old system appointed chief ministers and administrators as commissioners, vice ministers, drafters, and academicians and above as deputy commissioners, officials of the two secretariats or fifth rank and above as judicial commissioners, and eunuchs or bureau commissioners and deputies (In Zhenghe the military official system was revised, with commissioners becoming grandees and deputy commissioners gentlemen.) as chief supervisors; there were also overseers, inspectors, and managers. Imperial affines, close kin, and former chief ministers who remained in the capital were often given palace abbey posts as a mark of special favor. At the time the court was reorganizing administration and wished to dismiss all feeble and aged officials who could no longer perform their duties. They were therefore assigned to palace abbeys so they could continue to receive their salaries. Wang Anshi also wished to place dissenters in such posts, and thus an edict declared: "Palace abbeys are not limited in quota. All appointees must be of prefectural commissioner qualification. The term is set at thirty months." Another edict ordered that henceforth the Cave of Heaven Abbey at Hangzhou, Bright Way Abbey at Bozhou, Cloud Terrace Abbey at Huazhou, Wuyi Abbey at Jianzhou, Honoring the Way Abbey at Taizhou, Jade Bureau Abbey at Chengdu, Immortal Capital Abbey at Jianchang Commandery, Great Peace Abbey at Jiangzhou, Jade Prosperity Abbey at Hongzhou, and the Five Sacred Peak temples—all following Mount Song Blessedness Abbey and Shuzhou Spirit Immortal Abbey—establish managing, overseeing, or inspecting officials." "Salaries: grand secretariat officials, ministers, supervisors, and functional-post qualification holders receive the salary of a small-commandery prefect; prefectural commissioner qualification holders that of a small-commandery vice prefect; military officials follow the same pattern." In the fourth year, an edict stated: "Each palace abbey and peak temple keeps one official on duty; the rest may follow branch-service and retirement precedent and reside where convenient." In the sixth year, an edict stated: "Ministers, supervisors, and functional posts and above serve as overseers; other officials as managers." Capital officials were also appointed as handlers. Another edict stated: "Only those sixty and above may be assigned, not exceeding two terms. Another edict stated: "Those also using administrator favor precedent may not exceed three terms in total."
18
元豐中,王安石以左僕射、觀文殿大學士為集禧觀使,呂公著、韓維以資政殿學士兼侍讀、仍提舉中太一宮兼集禧觀公事。 元祐間,馮京以觀文殿學士、梁燾以資政殿學士為中太一宮、醴泉觀使。 範鎮落致仕,以端明殿學士提舉中太一宮兼集禧觀公事。 三年,詔:「橫行使、副無兼領者,許兼宮觀一處。」」 六年,詔:「橫行狄諮、宋球既領皇城司,罷提點醴泉觀。」 元符元年,高遵固年八十一,乞再任宮觀,高遵禮年七十六,乞再任亳州太清宮,又從其再任之請,以待遇宣仁親屬故也。 大觀元年,趙挺之以觀文殿大學士為佑神觀使。 政和六年詔。 「措置宮觀,如萬壽、醴泉近百員,更不立額。」 靖康元年,詔內外官見帶提舉、主管神霄玉清萬壽宮並罷。 大抵祠館之設,均為佚老優賢,而有內外之別,京祠以前宰相、見任使相充使,次充提舉; 餘則為提點,為主管,皆隨官之高下,處以外祠。 選人為監嶽廟,非自陳而朝廷特差者,如黜降之例。
In Yuanfeng, Wang Anshi, as Left Vice Premier and Grand Academic of the Hall for Viewing Literature, became commissioner of the Abbey of Gathered Blessings; Lü Gongzhu and Han Wei, as Academicians of the Hall for Cherishing Virtue and concurrent Readers, continued to oversee the Central Great Unity Palace and Abbey of Gathered Blessings. In Yuanyou, Feng Jing, as Academic of the Hall for Viewing Literature, and Liang Tao, as Academic of the Hall for Cherishing Virtue, became commissioners of the Central Great Unity Palace and Sweet Spring Abbey. Fan Zhen left retirement and, as Academic of the Bright Hall, oversaw the Central Great Unity Palace and Abbey of Gathered Blessings. In the third year, an edict stated: "Horizontal-rank commissioners and deputies without concurrent posts may hold one palace abbey concurrently." In the sixth year, an edict stated: "Horizontal-rank Di Zhe and Song Qiu, having taken charge of the Imperial City Bureau, are relieved of inspection duty at Sweet Spring Abbey." In the first year of Yuanfu, Gao Zungu, aged eighty-one, requested another palace abbey term; Gao Zunli, aged seventy-six, requested another term at the Great Purity Palace in Bozhou; both requests were granted because of favors owed to Empress Dowager Xuanren's kin. In the first year of Daguan, Zhao Tingzhi, as Grand Academic of the Hall for Viewing Literature, became commissioner of the Abbey for Assisting the Spirits. In the sixth year of Zhenghe, an edict stated: "In arranging palace abbeys such as Longevity and Sweet Spring, nearly a hundred posts exist—no further quotas are to be established." In the first year of Jingkang, an edict abolished all posts held by inner and outer officials as overseers or managers of the Divine Empyrean Jade Clarity Longevity Palace. In general, shrine posts were established to provide for retired elders and honor the worthy, with inner and outer distinctions; capital shrines appointed former chief ministers and current commissioners with nominal premiership as commissioners, and next as overseers; the rest served as inspectors or managers according to rank, in outer shrines. Selectees appointed to supervise peak temples, when not self-petitioning but specially assigned by the court, were treated like demotions.
19
紹興以來,士大夫多流離,困厄之餘,未有闕以處之。 於是許以承務郎以上權差宮觀一次,續又有選人在部無闕可入與破格嶽廟者,亦有以宰執恩例陳乞而與之者,月破供給。 〈(非責降官並月破供給,依資序降二等支。)〉 理為資任,意至厚也。 然初將以撫安不調之人,末乃重僥求泛與之弊。 於是臣僚交章,欲罷供給以絕幹請,變理任以抑僥幸,嚴按格以去泛濫。 上並從之。 自是以後,稍復祖宗條法之舊。 又有年及七十,耄昏不堪牧養而不肯自陳宮觀者,復申明舊法,著為定令以律之。 〈(舊制,六十以上知州資序人,本部長官體量精神不致昏昧堪厘務者,許差一任,兼用執政官陳乞者加一任。 紹興二十二年,臣僚言:「郡守之職,其任至重,昨朝廷以年及七十,令吏部與自陳宮觀,乞將前項指揮永為著令。」 從之。)〉 蓋不當請而請,則冗瑣者流競竊優閑廩稍; 或當請而不請,則知進而不知退,識者羞焉。 一祠館之與奪,不可不謹如是。 故重內祠,專使職,所以崇大臣之體貌,一次以定法,再任以示恩, 〈(紹熙五年慶壽赦,應文武臣宮觀、嶽廟已滿,不應再陳者,該今來慶壽恩,年八十以上,特許更陳一次。)〉 京官以上二年,選人三年,凡待庶僚者,皆於優厚之中寓閑製之意焉。
Since Shaoxing, many scholar-officials were displaced; after their hardships there were no vacancies to place them. Therefore officials of Gentleman for Service Assistance and above were permitted one provisional palace abbey assignment; later selectees in the capital with no vacancy, exceptional peak-temple appointments, and petitioners using administrator favor precedent also received posts, with monthly allowances. (Those not demoted on disciplinary grounds also drew monthly allowances, paid two grades below their qualification.) Counting such service toward qualification showed extraordinary generosity. Yet what began as a means to pacify maladjusted officials in the end fostered importunate requests and indiscriminate grants. Thereupon officials submitted memorial after memorial, seeking to abolish allowances and thereby end importunate requests, revise how qualifying service was counted to check opportunistic gain, and enforce regulations strictly to curb indiscriminate grants. The emperor approved all of these proposals. From then on, the regulations of the founding ancestors were gradually restored. There were also officials who reached seventy, were senile and unfit to govern yet refused to petition for palace abbey posts; the old law was reaffirmed and written into fixed regulation to enforce compliance. (Under the former regulation, prefectural appointees sixty and above who, upon review by their circuit chief, were found still clear-minded and fit to manage affairs were permitted one assignment; if an administrator petitioned on their behalf, one further assignment was added. In the twenty-second year of Shaoxing, officials said: "The office of prefect carries immense responsibility. Recently the court, for those reaching seventy, ordered the Ministry of Personnel to permit self-petition for palace abbeys. We ask that this directive be permanently codified." The request was approved.) For when one petitioned though unqualified, the unworthy would rush to seize comfortable stipends; and when one ought to petition but did not, one knew how to advance but not how to withdraw—a shame to the discerning. The granting and withholding of shrine posts had to be handled with such care. Therefore inner shrines were emphasized and commissioner posts reserved, to uphold the ceremonial stature of great ministers—one term by fixed rule, a second to show imperial favor, (In the Longevity Celebration amnesty of the fifth year of Shaoxi, civil and military officials whose palace abbey or peak temple terms were complete and who should not have petitioned again were, under this Longevity Celebration grace, specially permitted one further petition if eighty or older.) Capital officials served two years, selectees three; for all who awaited ordinary subordinates, generosity was tempered by an intent to restrain idleness.
20
建隆已來,凡有恩例,文武朝官、諸司使副、禁軍及藩方馬步都指揮使以上,父亡皆贈官。 親王贈三官,可贈者贈二官,追加大國。 皇屬近親如之。 追加封爵。 服疏及諸親之服近者贈一官。 宰相、樞密使贈二官。 使相、參知政事、樞密副使、尚書已上、三司使、節度使、留後、觀察使、統軍上將軍、內臣任都知副都知者,贈一官。 此皇族及臣僚薨卒贈官之法也。 其官秩未至,而因勳舊褒錄或沒王事,雖卑秩皆贈官加等者,並係臨時取旨。 至於母後、後族、臣僚,錄其先世,各有等差。 太皇太后、皇太后、皇后並贈三世,婕妤二世,貴人止贈其父而已。 宰相、三師、三公、王、尚書令、中書令、侍中、樞密使副、知院、同知院事、參知政事、宣微使、度簽書同簽書樞密院事、觀文殿大學士、節度使,並贈三世。 東宮三師、僕射、留守、節度使、三司使、觀文殿學士、資政殿大學士,並贈二世。 餘官或見任,或致仕,並贈一世。 有兄弟同贈者,贈官加一等,父在止一資,文臣有出身,贈至秘書監,無出身,至光祿卿。 武臣至金吾衛上將軍止。
Since Jianlong, whenever favor was granted, civil and military court officials, deputy commissioners of various bureaus, and palace army and frontier cavalry and infantry commanders-in-chief and above all received posthumous offices upon their fathers' deaths. Imperial princes received three posthumous offices; those eligible for ennoblement received two, with promotion to a great state. Imperial clansmen of close kinship were treated likewise. Additional noble titles were also conferred. Those submitting mourning reports and those mourning close relatives received one posthumous office. Chief ministers and Commissioners of the Bureau of Military Affairs received two posthumous offices. Commissioners with nominal premiership, Vice Grand Councillors, Vice Commissioners of the Bureau of Military Affairs, Vice Ministers and above, Commissioners of the Three Departments, military governors, acting governors, observation commissioners, senior army commanders, and eunuchs serving as chief or deputy chief all received one posthumous office. This was the law governing posthumous offices for deceased imperial clansmen and officials. When an official's rank had not yet qualified but meritorious service or death in imperial service warranted posthumous offices with added grades even from humble rank, all such cases required temporary imperial approval. As for empress dowagers, consort clans, and officials, ennoblement of forebears was graded separately. The Grand Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, and Empress all received posthumous ennoblement for three generations; Ladies of Handsome Fairness for two; Ladies of Excellent Worth only for their fathers. Chief ministers, the Three Preceptors, the Three Dukes, kings, the Director of the Secretariat, the Director of the Chancellery, the Palace Attendant, Vice Commissioners and Directors of the Bureau of Military Affairs, Vice Grand Councillors, the Commissioner of the Bureau of Palace Attendants, Commissioners signing for the Bureau of Military Affairs, Grand Academicians of the Hall for Viewing Literature, and military governors all received posthumous ennoblement for three generations. The Eastern Palace Three Preceptors, Vice Premiers, territorial governors, military governors, Commissioners of the Three Departments, Academicians of the Hall for Viewing Literature, and Grand Academicians of the Hall for Supporting Governance all received posthumous ennoblement for two generations. All other officials, whether in active service or retired, received posthumous ennoblement for one generation. When brothers received ennoblement together, one additional grade was granted; if the father was still living, only one grade was allowed. Civil officials with examination credentials could be ennobled up to Director of the Secretariat Library; those without, up to Chamberlain for Attendants. For military officials, ennoblement went no higher than Senior General of the Gold Bear Guard.
21
凡贈官至三世者,初贈東宮三少,次陳宮三太,次三公,次中書令,次尚書令,次封小國,自小國升次國,自次國升大國,已大國者移國名而已。 〈(亦有不移者。)〉 若父、祖舊官已高者,自從舊官加贈。 凡追封,不得至王爵。 兩省官及待制、大卿監、諸衛上將軍、觀察使、正任防禦使、遙郡觀察使、景福殿使、客省使,若子見任或父曾任此官,並贈至三公止。 父子官俱不至者,文臣贈至諸行尚書止,武臣贈至節度使、諸衛上將軍止,即父曾任中書、樞密使、使相、節度使並一品官者,無止限。 待制已上持服經恩,服闋亦許封贈。
For posthumous ennoblement reaching three generations, the sequence was: first the Eastern Palace Three Juniors, then the Eastern Palace Three Seniors, then the Three Dukes, then Director of the Chancellery, then Director of the Secretariat, then ennoblement as a minor state; from minor state one advanced to secondary state, from secondary state to great state; if already a great state, only the state name was changed. (There were also cases in which the state name was not changed.) If a father or grandfather had already held a high office, posthumous ennoblement proceeded upward from that former rank. In all posthumous ennoblement, princely rank was forbidden. Officials of the two central secretariats, academicians-in-waiting, grand ministers and supervisors, senior generals of the various guards, observation commissioners, regular defense commissioners, observation commissioners of distant commanderies, commissioners of the Hall of Blessings, and reception commissioners—if a son currently held or a father had formerly held such an office—could be ennobled only up to the Three Dukes. If neither father nor son had held such offices, civil officials could be ennobled only up to Vice Minister, military officials only up to military governor or senior guard general; but if the father had formerly served as chancellor, Bureau chief, commissioner with nominal premiership, military governor, or first-rank official, there was no ceiling. Academicians-in-waiting and above who were in mourning and received grace upon completing mourning were also permitted ennoblement.
22
尚藥奉御至醫官使曾任文資,許換南班官。 司天監官贈不得過大卿、監,仍不許換南班官。 凡贈至正郎,許以所贈官換朝散大夫階,大卿、監以上許換銀青階,贈至二世者即除朝散大夫階,三世則金紫階。 咸平四年,詔舍人院詳定。 知制誥李宗諤等請:「追贈三世如舊。 其東宮一品以下雖曾任宰相,止從本品。 文武群臣功隆位極者,特恩追封王爵亦如舊。 若因子孫封贈,雖任將相,並不許封王,仍須曆品而贈,勿得超越。」 從之。 宰相初拜,有即贈三世者。 其後簽書樞密以上皆即時贈,他官須經恩,學士及刺史以上,內侍都知、押班皆中書奉行,餘則有司奏請。
Imperial Medical Attendants through Medical Commissioners who had formerly held civil qualifications were permitted to exchange their posthumous offices for southern circuit appointments. Posthumous ennoblement for Astronomy Bureau officials could not exceed grand minister or supervisor, and exchange for southern circuit offices was still forbidden. Those ennobled up to Regular Gentleman could exchange the conferred office for the rank of Gentleman for Dispersing Merit; grand ministers and supervisors and above could exchange for silver-green rank; ennoblement to two generations conferred Gentleman for Dispersing Merit rank, and to three generations, gold-purple rank. In the fourth year of Xianping, an edict ordered the Drafting Academy to review the regulations in detail. Edict Drafter Li Zong'e and others requested: "Posthumous ennoblement for three generations should remain as before. For Eastern Palace offices of first rank and below, even if one had formerly served as chief minister, ennoblement was limited to one's present rank. Civil and military officials whose merit was exalted and position supreme could still receive princely rank by special grace, as before. If ennoblement came through a descendant, even one serving as general or minister could not receive princely rank; ennoblement had to proceed grade by grade without skipping." The request was approved. When chief ministers were first appointed, some immediately received posthumous ennoblement for three generations. Thereafter Commissioners signing for the Bureau of Military Affairs and above all received immediate ennoblement; other offices required an imperial grace. For academicians and prefects and above, and for eunuch chiefs and deputy chiefs, the Secretariat handled the matter; all others were submitted by the relevant offices.
23
唐制,視本官階爵。 建隆三年,詔定文武郡臣母妻封號:太皇太后皇太后皇后曾祖母、祖母、母並封國太夫人; 諸妃曾祖母、祖母、母並封郡太夫人,婕妤祖母、母並封郡太君; 貴人母封縣太君。 宰相、使相、三師、三公、王、侍中、中書令, 〈(舊有尚書令。)〉 曾祖母、祖母、母封國太夫人; 妻,國夫人。 樞密使副、知院、同知、參知政事、宣徽節度使,曾祖母、祖母、母封郡太夫人; 妻,郡夫人。 簽書樞密院事曾祖母、祖母、母封郡太君; 妻,郡君。 同知樞密院以上至樞密使、參知政事再經恩及再除者,曾祖母、祖母、母加國太夫人。 三司使祖母、母封郡太君妻,郡君。 東宮三太、文武二品、御史大夫、六尚書、兩省侍郎、太常卿、留守、節度使、諸衛上將軍、嗣王、郡王、國公、郡公、縣公,母,郡太夫人; 妻,郡夫人。 常侍、賓客、中丞、左右丞、侍郎、翰林學士至龍圖閣直學士、給事中、諫議大夫、中書舍人、卿、監、祭酒、詹事、諸王傳、大將軍、都督、中都護、副都護、觀察留後、觀察使、防禦使、團練使,並母郡太君; 妻,郡君。 庶子、少卿監、司業、郎中、京府少尹、赤縣令、少詹事、諭德、將軍、刺史、下都督、下都護、家令、率更令、仆,母封縣太君; 妻,縣君,其餘升朝官已上遇恩。 並母封縣太君; 妻,縣君,雜五品官至三任與敘封,官當敘封者不復論階爵。 致仕同見任。 亡母及亡祖母當封者並如之。 父亡無嫡、繼母,聽封所生母。 伎術官不得敘封。 自宰相至簽書樞密院敘封與三世同,他官惟品至者即時擬封,餘皆俟恩乃封。 咸平四年,從舍人院詳定群臣母、妻所封郡縣,依本姓望封。 天禧元年,令文武升朝官無嫡母者聽封生母,曾任升朝而致仕,即許敘封。 令給諫、舍人母並封郡太君,妻,郡君。 四年,又令翰林學士至龍圖閣直學士如給、舍例。 封贈之典,舊制有三代、二代、一代之等,因其官之高下而次第焉。 凡初除及每遇大禮封贈三代者,太師、太傅、太保、左右丞相、少師、少傅、少保、樞密使、開府儀同三司、知樞密院事、參知政事、同知樞密院事、樞密副使、簽書樞密院事。 凡遇大禮封贈三代者,節度使。 三代初封,曾祖,朝奉郎; 祖,朝散郎; 父,朝請郎。 〈(簽書樞密院事降一等,謂如父與朝散郎之類。)〉 凡封父、祖係武臣者,視文武臣封贈對換格。 封贈一代亦如之。 初贈,曾祖,太子少保; 祖,太子少傅; 父,太子少師。 封贈曾祖母、祖母、母、妻國夫人。 〈(執政官、簽書樞密院事,郡夫人。)〉 凡遇大禮封贈二代者,太子太師、太子太傅、太子太保、特進、觀文殿大學士、太子少師、太子少傅、太子少保御史大夫、觀文殿學士、資政、保和殿大學士、金紫光祿大夫、銀青光祿大夫、光祿大夫、左右金吾衛上將軍、左右衛上將軍。 二代初封,祖,通直郎,父,奉議郎。 初贈,祖,朝奉郎; 父,朝散郎。 封贈祖母、母、妻郡夫人。 〈(觀文殿學士,資政,保和殿大學土,並淑人。)〉 凡遇大禮封贈一代者,文臣通直郎以上,武臣修武郎以上。 一代初封贈父,文臣承事郎,武臣、內侍、伎術官、將校並忠訓郎,母、妻孺人。
Under the Tang system, ennoblement depended on one's office, rank, and title. In the third year of Jianlong, an edict fixed honorific titles for the mothers and wives of civil and military officials: for the Grand Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, and Empress, great-grandmothers, grandmothers, and mothers all received the title State Grand Lady; for all consorts, great-grandmothers, grandmothers, and mothers received Commandery Grand Lady; for Ladies of Handsome Fairness, grandmothers and mothers received Commandery Grand Mistress; for Ladies of Excellent Worth, mothers received the title County Grand Mistress. Chief ministers, commissioners with nominal premiership, the Three Preceptors, the Three Dukes, kings, the Palace Attendant, and the Director of the Chancellery— (The Director of the Secretariat was formerly included.) great-grandmothers, grandmothers, and mothers received the title State Grand Lady; wives received the title State Lady. Vice Commissioners of the Bureau of Military Affairs, Bureau directors, associate directors, Vice Grand Councillors, Commissioners of the Bureau of Palace Attendants, and military governors—great-grandmothers, grandmothers, and mothers received Commandery Grand Lady; wives received the title Commandery Lady. For Commissioners signing for the Bureau of Military Affairs, great-grandmothers, grandmothers, and mothers received Commandery Grand Mistress; wives received the title Commandery Mistress. Associate Bureau directors and above through Bureau chief and Vice Grand Councillor who received grace twice or were reappointed—great-grandmothers, grandmothers, and mothers were promoted to State Grand Lady. For Commissioners of the Three Departments, grandmothers and mothers received Commandery Grand Mistress; wives received Commandery Mistress. The Eastern Palace Three Seniors, civil and military officials of second rank, the Censor-in-Chief, the Six Vice Ministers, Vice Ministers of the two central secretariats, the Chamberlain for Ceremonials, territorial governors, military governors, senior generals of the various guards, heir apparent kings, commandery kings, state dukes, commandery dukes, and county dukes—mothers received Commandery Grand Lady; wives received Commandery Lady. Palace Attendants, Masters of Writing, Censors-in-Chief, Left and Right Vice Directors, Vice Ministers, Hanlin Academicians through Direct Academicians of the Hall of Dragon Diagrams, Supervising Secretaries, Remonstrance Grandees, Secretariat Drafters, ministers, supervisors, Rectors, Palace Supervisors, tutors to imperial princes, great generals, area commanders, middle protectors, deputy protectors, acting observation commissioners, observation commissioners, defense commissioners, and training commissioners—all received Commandery Grand Mistress for their mothers; wives received Commandery Mistress. Subordinate Directors, junior ministers and supervisors, Vice Rectors, Bureau Directors, junior magistrates of the capital prefecture, magistrates of red counties, Junior Palace Supervisors, Preceptors of Virtue, generals, prefects, lower area commanders, lower protectors, Directors of the Household, Directors of the Watch Office, and Vice Premiers—mothers received County Grand Mistress; wives received County Mistress; all other court-presenting officials and above received titles upon imperial grace. all received County Grand Mistress for their mothers; wives received County Mistress; miscellaneous fifth-rank officials received sequential ennoblement after three terms, and those whose offices qualified for ennoblement were no longer judged by rank and title. Retired officials were treated the same as those in active service. Deceased mothers and grandmothers eligible for ennoblement were treated the same. If the father was deceased and there was no principal or stepmother, the birth mother could be ennobled. Technical and artisan officials were not eligible for sequential ennoblement. From chief ministers through Commissioners signing for the Bureau of Military Affairs, sequential ennoblement followed the three-generation rule; other offices received immediate proposed ennoblement only when rank qualified, and all others waited for imperial grace. In the fourth year of Xianping, following the Drafting Academy's review, the commanderies and counties in titles conferred on officials' mothers and wives were assigned according to their original surname and ancestral seat. In the first year of Tianxi, civil and military court-presenting officials without a principal mother were permitted to ennoble their birth mother; those who had held court-presenting rank and retired were permitted sequential ennoblement. Supervising Secretaries, Remonstrance officials, and Secretariat Drafters—mothers received Commandery Grand Mistress; wives received Commandery Mistress. In the fourth year, Hanlin Academicians through Direct Academicians of the Hall of Dragon Diagrams were also granted the same titles as Supervising Secretaries and Drafters. The institution of ennoblement had former regulations of three, two, and one generations, graded according to the rank of office. For initial appointments and each major ceremony granting ennoblement for three generations: the Grand Preceptor, Grand Mentor, Grand Guardian, Left and Right Chief Councillors, Junior Preceptor, Junior Mentor, Junior Guardian, Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs, Grandee of Glorious Affairs with the Same Three Departments, Bureau director, Vice Grand Councillor, Associate Bureau director, Vice Commissioner, and Commissioner signing for the Bureau of Military Affairs. On major ceremonies granting ennoblement for three generations: military governors. On initial three-generation ennoblement: the great-grandfather received Gentleman for Court Service; the grandfather, Gentleman for Dispersing Merit; the father, Gentleman for Court Audience. (Commissioners signing for the Bureau of Military Affairs were lowered one grade—for example, the father might receive Gentleman for Dispersing Merit.) When ennobling fathers and grandfathers who were military officials, the civil-military ennoblement exchange table applied. The same applied to one-generation ennoblement. On initial ennoblement: the great-grandfather received Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent; the grandfather, Junior Mentor of the Heir Apparent; the father, Junior Preceptor of the Heir Apparent. Great-grandmothers, grandmothers, mothers, and wives received the title State Lady. (For administrators and Commissioners signing for the Bureau of Military Affairs, wives received Commandery Lady.) On major ceremonies granting ennoblement for two generations: Grand Preceptor, Grand Mentor, and Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent; Special Advancement; Grand Academician of the Hall for Viewing Literature; Junior Preceptor, Junior Mentor, and Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent; Censor-in-Chief; Academician of the Hall for Viewing Literature; Grand Academician of the Hall for Supporting Governance; Grand Academician of the Hall for Preserving Harmony; Grandee of Splendid Happiness with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon; Grandee of Splendid Happiness with Silver Seal and Blue Ribbon; Grandee for Splendid Happiness; and Senior Generals of the Left and Right Gold Bear Guards and Left and Right Guard. On initial two-generation ennoblement: the grandfather received Gentleman for Direct Communication; the father, Gentleman for Discussion. On initial posthumous conferral: the grandfather received Gentleman for Court Service; the father, Gentleman for Dispersing Merit. Grandmothers, mothers, and wives received the title Commandery Lady. (For Academicians of the Hall for Viewing Literature, the Hall for Supporting Governance, and Grand Academicians of the Hall for Preserving Harmony, wives received Virtuous Lady.) On major ceremonies granting ennoblement for one generation: civil officials of Gentleman for Direct Communication and above, and military officials of Gentleman for Cultivating Martiality and above. On initial one-generation ennoblement: the father received Gentleman for Service Assistance for civil officials, and Gentleman for Loyal Instruction for military officials, inner attendants, technical officers, and commanders; mothers and wives received Mistress.
24
凡文臣贈官
For all civil officials receiving posthumous office conferral
25
通直郎以上, 〈(寺、監官以上未升朝者,雜壓在通直郎之上同。)〉 每贈兩官,至奉直大夫一官。 〈(有出身不贈奉直大夫、中散大夫。)〉 太子太師、太子太傅、太子太保、特進、觀文殿大學士、太子少師、太子少傅、太子少保、御史大夫、觀文殿學士、資政保和殿大學士、六曹尚書、金紫光祿大夫、銀青光祿大夫、光祿大夫、翰林學士承旨、翰林學士、資政保和端明殿學士、龍圖天章寶文顯謨徽猷敷文閣學士、左右散騎常侍、權六曹尚書、御史中丞、開封尹、六曹侍郎、樞密直學士、龍圖天章寶文顯謨徽猷敷文閣直學士,每贈三官,至奉直大夫二官,至通議大夫一官。 〈(有出身人不贈奉直、中散二大夫。)〉
from Gentleman for Direct Communication upward, (Directors and supervisors and above who had not yet reached court-presenting rank, with mixed precedence above Gentleman for Direct Communication, were treated the same.) Each conferral added two ranks, up to one rank of Regular Gentleman. (Those with examination pedigree were not conferred Regular Gentleman or Regular Master for Dispersing Merit.) Grand Preceptor, Grand Mentor, and Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent; Special Advancement; Grand Academician of the Hall for Viewing Literature; Junior Preceptor, Junior Mentor, and Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent; Censor-in-Chief; Academician of the Hall for Viewing Literature; Grand Academicians of the Halls for Supporting Governance and Preserving Harmony; Ministers of the Six Bureaus; Grandee of Splendid Happiness with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon; Grandee of Splendid Happiness with Silver Seal and Blue Ribbon; Grandee for Splendid Happiness; Hanlin Academician-in-Chief; Hanlin Academician; Academicians of the Halls for Supporting Governance, Preserving Harmony, and Bright Hall; Academicians of the Halls of Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Chapter, Precious Literature, Manifest Counsel, Splendid Design, and Literary Dispersal; Left and Right Regular Palace Attendants; Acting Ministers of the Six Bureaus; Vice Censor-in-Chief; Prefect of Kaifeng; Vice Ministers of the Six Bureaus; Direct Academician of the Bureau of Military Affairs; and Direct Academicians of the Halls of Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Chapter, Precious Literature, Manifest Counsel, Splendid Design, and Literary Dispersal—each conferral added three ranks, up to two ranks of Regular Gentleman and one rank of Universal Discussion Grandee. (Those with examination pedigree were not conferred the two ranks of Regular Gentleman and Regular Master for Dispersing Merit.)
26
凡文武臣封贈封換 〈(諸文武臣封贈對換,以所加官準格對換,並聽從高。)〉
For all civil and military officials, ennoblement by exchange (For all civil and military officials ennobling by exchange, exchange followed the rank standard of the conferred office, and the higher rank was permitted.)
27
承事郎換忠訓郎,宣義郎換從義、秉義郎,宣教郎換訓武、修武郎,通直郎換武義、武翼郎,奉議郎換武節、武略、武經郎,承議郎換武功、武德、武顯郎。 朝奉郎換武義、武翼大夫,朝散郎換武節、武略、武經大夫,朝請郎換武功、武德、武顯大夫。 朝奉大夫換遙郡刺史,朝散大夫換遙郡團練使,朝請大夫換遙郡防禦使。 奉直、朝議大夫換刺史,中散、中奉大夫換團練使,中大夫換防禦使,太中大夫、通議、通奉大夫換觀察使,正議、正奉、宣奉大夫換承宣使,光祿人夫、銀青、金紫光祿大夫換節度使。
Gentleman for Service Assistance was exchanged for Gentleman for Loyal Instruction; Gentleman for Proclaiming Righteousness for Gentlemen for Following and Upholding Righteousness; Gentleman for Teaching Righteousness for Gentlemen for Training and Cultivating Martiality; Gentleman for Direct Communication for Gentlemen for Martial Righteousness and Martial Wings; Gentleman for Discussion for Gentlemen for Martial Integrity, Martial Strategy, and Martial Classics; and Gentleman for Continuing Discussion for Gentlemen for Martial Achievement, Martial Virtue, and Martial Distinction. Gentleman for Court Service was exchanged for Grandees for Martial Righteousness and Martial Wings; Gentleman for Dispersing Merit for Grandees for Martial Integrity, Martial Strategy, and Martial Classics; and Gentleman for Court Audience for Grandees for Martial Achievement, Martial Virtue, and Martial Distinction. Court Service Grandee was exchanged for Distant Commandery Prefect; Court Dispersal Grandee for Distant Command Training Commissioner; and Court Audience Grandee for Distant Command Defense Commissioner. Regular Gentleman and Court Discussion Grandee were exchanged for Prefect; Regular Master for Dispersing Merit and Regular Supporter Grandee for Training Commissioner; Regular Grandee for Defense Commissioner; Grandee of the Palace, Universal Discussion Grandee, and Universal Supporter Grandee for Observation Commissioner; Righteous Discussion, Regular Supporter, and Proclaiming Supporter Grandees for Commissioner for Proclaiming Governance; and Grandee for Splendid Happiness, Silver-Green, and Golden-Purple Grandee for Splendid Happiness for Military Governor.
28
凡文武官父任承直郎以下贈官
For all civil and military officials whose fathers had held Continuing Direct Gentleman or lower rank, posthumous office conferral
29
承直郎,留守、節察判官——留守府判官、節度判官,承議郎。 儒林郎,支、掌、防、團判官——節度掌書記、觀察支使、防禦判官、團練判官,奉議郎。 文林郎、從事郎、從政郎,兩使初等職官、令、錄——留守推官、觀察推官、軍事判官、軍事推官、司錄參軍、錄事參軍,團練推官、軍監判官、防禦判官,縣令,通直郎。 修職郎,知令、錄——知司錄參軍、知錄事參軍、縣丞,宣教郎。 迪功郎,判、司、簿、尉——軍巡判官、司理參軍、司法參軍、司戶參軍、主簿、縣尉,宣義郎。
For Continuing Direct Gentleman, and garrison and circuit-intendant administrators—garrison prefecture administrator and military governor administrator—the father received Gentleman for Continuing Discussion. For Forest of Scholars Gentleman, and branch, secretary, defense, and training administrators—military governor secretary, observation branch commissioner, defense administrator, and training administrator—the father received Gentleman for Discussion. For Forest of Letters Gentleman, Attendant Gentleman, and Administrative Gentleman, and initial-grade officials of the two commissioners, magistrates, and recorders—garrison investigating officer, observation investigating officer, military administrator, military investigating officer, Director of Records, Recorder of Affairs, training investigating officer, military supervisor administrator, defense administrator, and county magistrate—the father received Gentleman for Direct Communication. For Cultivating Office Gentleman, and acting magistrates and recorders—Acting Director of Records, Acting Recorder of Affairs, and county assistant magistrate—the father received Gentleman for Teaching Righteousness. For Attaining Merit Gentleman, and administrators, judicial officers, registrars, and prefects—military patrol administrator, Judicial Administrator, Legal Administrator, Household Administrator, chief clerk, and county prefect—the father received Gentleman for Proclaiming Righteousness.
30
凡文武朝官、內職引年辭疾者,多增秩從其請,或加恩其子孫。 乾德元所,太子太師致仕侯益來預郊祀,太祖優待之,因詔曰:「群官列位,自有通規,舊德來朝,所宜加禮,且表優賢之意,用敦尚齒之風。 自今一品致仕官曾帶平章事者,每遇朝會,宜綴中書門下班。」 二年,令藩鎮帶平章事求休致者亦如之。
When civil and military court officials and inner-service officers cited age or illness to resign, many received rank increases as they requested, or grace was extended to their descendants. In the first year of Qiande, Hou Yi, Grand Preceptor of the Heir Apparent in retirement, came to attend the suburban sacrifice. Taizu treated him with special favor and issued an edict: "Officials arrayed in rank follow fixed regulations; when old worthies come to court, added courtesy is fitting—to show esteem for the worthy and foster respect for age. Henceforth, first-rank retired officials who had once held the premiership should, at each court assembly, rank with the Secretariat and Chancellery section." In the second year, military governors who had held the premiership and sought retirement were treated the same way.
31
天聖、明道間,員外郎已上致仕者,錄其子試秘書省校書郎。 三丞已上為太廟齊郎。 無子,聽降等官其嫡孫若弟侄一。 景祐三年詔曰:「致仕官舊皆給半奉,而未嘗為顯官者或貧不能自給,豈所以遇高年養廉恥也。 其大兩省、大卿監、正刺史、閤門使以上致仕者,自今給奉並如分司官例,仍歲時賜羊酒、米麵,令所在長吏常加存問。」 其後,又許致仕官子孫免選除近官。 四年,臣僚有請致仕,未及錄其子孫而遽亡者,命既出,輔臣皆謂法當追收,仁宗憫之,竟官其後。 侍御史知雜事司馬池言:「文武官年七十以上不自請致仕者,許御史臺糾劾以聞。」 慶曆中,權御史中丞賈昌朝又言:「臣僚年七十而筋力衰者,並優與改官致仕; 雖七十而未衰及別有功狀、朝廷固留任使者,勿拘此令。 在京若尚書工部侍郎俞獻卿、少府監畢世長、太常少卿李孝若、尚書駕部郎中李士良,在外若給事中盛京、光祿卿王盤、太常少卿張效、尚書兵部郎中張億,皆耄昏不可任事,並請除致仕。」 詔:「在京者令中書體量,在外者下諸處曉諭之。」
During the Tiansheng and Mingdao reigns, retired officials of Assistant Director rank and above had their sons registered to serve as trial Collators of the Secretariat. Those of third- and second-rank Vice Director and above had their sons registered as Rectifiers of the Imperial Ancestral Temple. If there were no sons, one principal grandson or one younger brother or nephew was permitted to receive a lowered-grade appointment. In the third year of Jingyou, an edict stated: "Retired officials had formerly all received half salary, yet those who had never held prominent office sometimes could not support themselves—is this how the state treats the aged and nurtures integrity and shame? For retired officials of the Two Departments, chief ministers and supervisors, regular prefects, and Gate Commanders and above, salaries from now on would follow branch-service officials, with seasonal gifts of mutton, wine, rice, and flour, and local magistrates were to inquire after them regularly." Thereafter, descendants of retired officials were also permitted exemption from selection and appointment to nearby posts. In the fourth year, when an official petitioned for retirement but died before his descendants could be registered, though the order had already been issued and chief ministers all held that the law required its recall, Renzong took pity and still granted posts to his descendants. Supervising Censor and Concurrent Affairs Director Sima Chi stated: "Civil and military officials over seventy who do not themselves petition for retirement should be impeached by the Censorate and reported to the throne." During Qingli, Acting Censor-in-Chief Jia Changchao also stated: "Officials who at seventy had declining strength should all be graciously given rank change and retirement; those not yet declining at seventy, or with special merit records whom the court deliberately retained in office, were not restricted by this order. In the capital, Vice Minister of Works Yu Xianqing, Director of the Palace Domestic Service Bi Shichang, Vice Director of Grand Ceremonies Li Xiaoruo, and Bureau Director of the Chariot Office Li Shiliang; and outside the capital, Supervising Secretary Sheng Jing, Minister of Splendid Happiness Wang Pan, Vice Director of Grand Ceremonies Zhang Xiao, and Bureau Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs Zhang Yi—all senile and unfit for duty—petitioned for retirement." An edict stated: "For those in the capital, let the Secretariat assess them; for those outside, instruct the appropriate local offices to inform them."
32
皇祐中,知諫院包拯、吳奎亦言:「願令御史臺監察年七十已上,移文趣其請老不即自陳者,直除致仕。」 朝廷未行。 奎復言:「國家謹禮法以維君子,明威罰以禦小人。 君子所顧者,禮法也; 小人所畏者,威罰也。 繇文武二選為士大夫,是皆君子之地也,儻不以禮法待之,則是廢名器而輕爵祿。 七十致仕,學者所知,而臣下引年自陳,分之常也,人君好賢樂善而留之,仁之至也。 自三代以來,用此以塞貪墨、聳廉隅,近者句希仲、陸軫等,皆以年高特與分司,初欲風動群臣,而在位殊未有引去者,是臣言未效也。 請詳前奏施行。」 於是詔:「少卿監以下年七十不任厘務者,外任令監司、在京委御史臺及所屬以狀聞。 嘗任館閣、台諫官及提點刑獄者,令中書裁處。 待制已上能自引年,則優加恩禮。」
In Huangyou, Remonstrance Academy Director Bao Zheng and Wu Kui also stated: "We wish to have the Censorate supervise those over seventy and send documents urging those who do not promptly declare old age—for those who do not immediately declare themselves, directly remove them to retirement." The court did not implement it. Kui again stated: "The state carefully maintains ritual and law to uphold gentlemen, and clearly applies authority and punishment to guard against petty men. What gentlemen concern themselves with is ritual and law; what petty men fear is authority and punishment. From civil and military selection to become scholar-officials—all are the domain of gentlemen; if they are not treated by ritual and law, then titles and stipends are devalued and rank lightly esteemed. Retirement at seventy is what scholars know; for subordinates to cite age and declare themselves is the proper division; for the ruler to delight in worth and goodness and retain them is benevolence perfected. Since the Three Dynasties, this has been used to block greed and corruption and uplift integrity; recently Gou Xizhong, Lu Zhen, and others were all specially given branch-service posts on account of age; initially wishing to move the multitude of officials, yet scarcely any in office withdrew—my words had not taken effect. I request detailed implementation of the prior memorial." Thereupon an edict stated: "Vice ministers and supervisors and below over seventy who were unfit for administrative duties—outside appointments, circuit and prefectural commissioners were to report by document; in the capital, the Censorate and the relevant bureaus were to report. Those who had served in the Pavilion-Archive, Remonstrance and Censorate offices, or as Judicial Intendants were to be adjudicated by the Secretariat. Drafters and above who could themselves cite age were to receive graciously added honors."
33
然是時言事之人,競欲擊劾大臣,有高年者俱不自安。 仁宗手詔曰:「老臣,朕之所眷禮也,進退體貌,恩意豈不有異哉! 凡嘗預政事之臣,自今毋或遽求引去,台諫官勿以為言。」 其風動勸勵之方又如此。 至於因事責降分司,或老病不任官職之事,或居官犯法,或以不治為所部劾奏,衝替而求致仕者,子孫更不推恩,雖或推恩,其除官例皆降等,若耆老舊臣體貌優異,賞或延於子孫,奉或全給半給。 歲時問勞,皆有禮意。
Yet at this time those who memorialized all competed to impeach great ministers, and the aged all felt insecure. Renzong personally wrote: "Old ministers are those I cherish and honor—are not their advancement, withdrawal, bearing, and treatment necessarily different! All who had once participated in administration—from now on none should hastily seek withdrawal; Remonstrance and Censorate officials should not speak of it." The methods of moving and encouraging were again such as this. As for those demoted to branch service on account of affairs, or old age and illness unfit for office, or misconduct in office, or impeachment by subordinates for poor governance, removed and seeking retirement—their descendants received no further grace; even when grace was extended, their appointments were all lowered in grade; for venerable old ministers with honored bearing, rewards might extend to descendants, and salary might be fully or half granted. Seasonal inquiry and consolation all had ritual intent.
34
人臣非有罪惡,致仕而去,人君遇之如在位時,禮也。 近世致仕並與轉官,蓋以昧利者多,知退者少,欲加優恩,以示勸獎。 推行既久,姑從舊制。 若兩省正言以上官,三班使臣、大使臣、橫行、正任等,並不除為致仕官。 致仕帶職者,皆落職而後優遷其官。 看詳別無義理,但致仕恩例不均。 如諫議大夫不可改給事中,並轉工部侍郎,乃是超轉兩資; 工部尚書並除太子少保,乃是超轉六資,若知制誥、待制官卑者除卿監,緣知制誥、待制待遇非與卿監比。 今他官致仕皆得遷官,此獨因致仕更見退抑。 供奉官、侍禁八品,除率府副率,蓋六品。 諸司副使、承製、崇班七品,除將軍,乃三品。 至於節度使除上將軍,防禦、團練、刺史並除大將軍,緣諸衛名額不一,至有刺史除官高於防禦使者。 今若令文武官帶職致仕人許仍舊職,上轉一官,及文臣正言、武臣借職以上皆得除為致仕官,則無輕重不等之患。
When a subject without guilt or wickedness retires and departs, for the ruler to treat him as when in office is ritual propriety. In recent times retirement was accompanied by rank transfer—because many were blind to profit and few knew withdrawal, added grace was intended to show encouragement. Long established, provisionally follow the old system. For officials of Regular Remonstrance rank and above in the Two Departments, third-rank envoys, grand envoys, lateral-rank, and regular commissions—all were not appointed as retired officials. Retired officials who held concurrent posts all lost their posts and then received gracious transfer of rank. Upon review there was no other principle—only retirement grace was uneven. Remonstrance Grandee could not be changed to Supervising Secretary, yet both were transferred to Vice Minister of Works—this was skipping two grades; Vice Minister of Works was all appointed Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent—skipping six grades; if Drafting Academicians and Drafters of lower rank were appointed ministers and supervisors, it was because Drafting Academicians and Drafters were not comparable to ministers and supervisors in treatment. Now all other officials on retirement received rank transfer—this alone on retirement saw further demotion. Attendant officers and Palace Guard of eighth rank were appointed Deputy Director of the Princes' Household—rank six. Deputy Commissioners of various offices, Artisan-in-Attendance, and Honored Court of seventh rank were appointed General—rank three. As for military governors appointed Senior General, and defense, training, and prefectural commissioners all appointed Great General—because guard designations were not uniform, there were cases where prefectural commissioners received appointments higher than defense commissioners. Now if civil and military officials with concurrent posts who retired were permitted to keep their old posts and advance one rank, and civil Regular Remonstrance and military Provisional Commission and above all could be appointed retired officials, then there would be no inequality of weight.
35
若選人令、錄以上並除朝官,經恩皆得封贈,蔭及四世,旁支例得贖罪、免役。 又京官致仕亦止遷一官,若光錄寺丞致仕,有出身除秘書省著作佐郎,無出身除大理寺丞,而令、錄職官乃除太子中允或中舍,殊未為當。 若進納出身人例除京官,至有經覃恩遷至升朝官者,類多兼並有力之家,皆免州縣色役及封贈父母。 如京官七品,除衙前外,亦名餘色役,尤為僥幸。 條例繁雜,無所適從。 如錄事參軍或除衛尉寺丞,或除大理評事,或除奉禮郎恩例不同,可以因緣生弊。
If selectees of magistrate and recorder rank and above were all appointed court officials, after grace all could receive ennoblement, with privilege extending four generations, and collateral lines could redeem crimes and exempt corvée by precedent. Also capital officials on retirement advanced only one rank—if a Director of the Bureau of Splendid Happiness retired, those with examination pedigree were appointed Assistant Compiler of the Secretariat, those without pedigree Assistant Director of the Court of Judicial Review, yet magistrate and recorder officials were appointed Crown Prince Secretary or Crown Prince Attendant-in-Waiting—quite inappropriate. If purchased pedigree were appointed capital officials by precedent, some reaching court-presenting rank through accumulated grace—mostly powerful families with combined influence—all were exempt from prefectural and county labor service and ennobling parents. Such as seventh-rank capital officials, besides head village service, other labor service was also exempt—especially fortunate. Regulations were complex with no clear guide. Such as Recorder of Affairs might be appointed Assistant Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, Assistant Reviewer of the Court of Judicial Review, or Gentleman for Court Rites—different grace precedents could breed abuse through connections.
36
今定:凡文臣京朝官以上各轉一官,帶職仍舊不轉官,乞親屬恩澤者依舊條。 選人依本資序轉合入京朝官,進納及流外人判、司、簿、尉除司馬,令、錄除別駕。 在京諸司勒留官依簿、尉以上,親賢勞舊合別推恩者取旨。 曆任有入已贓,不得乞親戚恩澤,仍不遷官,其致仕官除中書、樞密院外,並在見任官之上,致仕及三年之上,元非因過犯,年未及七十,不曾經敘封及陳乞親戚恩澤,卻願仕宦,並許進狀敘述。 若有薦舉者,各依元資序授官。 其才行為眾所知,朝廷特任使者,不拘此法。
Now fixed: all civil capital and court officials and above each transfer one rank; those with concurrent posts keep their posts without rank transfer; those petitioning for relatives' grace follow old provisions. Selectees transfer according to their original rank sequence into appropriate capital court office; purchased pedigree and exile outsiders of Administrator, Judicial, Registrar, and Prefect ranks receive Assistant Commandant; magistrates and recorders receive Deputy Commandant. Capital various offices' detained officials follow registrar and prefect and above; for relatives, worthies, and veterans deserving separate grace, obtain imperial decision. If service records include embezzlement already adjudicated, one may not petition for relatives' grace, and still receives no rank transfer; retired officials except the Secretariat and Bureau of Military Affairs are all above incumbents; those retired three years or more, originally not for offenses, age not yet seventy, never previously ennobled or petitioned relatives' grace—if willing to serve again, all are permitted to submit memorials for appointment. If with recommendation, each receives appointment according to original rank sequence. Those whose ability and conduct are known to all and specially appointed by the court are not bound by this law.
37
從之。 自此宰相以下並帶職致仕。
Approved. From this chief councillors and below all retired with concurrent posts.
38
四年,以端明殿學士、尚書右丞王素為工部尚書、端明殿學士致仕,觀文殿學士、兵部尚書歐陽修為太子少師、觀文殿學士致仕。 帶職致仕,自素始也。 五年,守司空兼侍中曾公亮遷守太傅致仕,特許入謝。 以公亮逮事三朝,既加優禮,仍給見任支賜。 十月,詔兩省以上致仕官毋得因大禮用子升朝敘封遷官。 先是,王安石言,李端願、李柬之敘封,中書失檢舊例,法當改正。 帝曰:「如此,則獨不被恩。」 安石曰:「敘封初元義理,今既未能遽革,庸可承誤為例? 如三師、三公官,因子孫郊恩敘授,尤非宜也。」 帝從之。
In the fourth year, Wang Su, Bright Hall Academician and Right Vice Director, was appointed Vice Minister of Works and Bright Hall Academician in retirement; Ouyang Xiu, Viewing Literature Hall Academician and Minister of the Bureau of Military Affairs, was appointed Junior Preceptor of the Heir Apparent and Viewing Literature Hall Academician in retirement. Retirement with concurrent posts began with Su. In the fifth year, Zeng Gongliang, Defender of Situ concurrently Palace Attendant, was transferred to Defender of Grand Mentor in retirement, specially permitted to enter court and offer thanks. Because Gongliang had served three reigns, added courtesy was granted and present-rank stipends continued. In the tenth month, an edict stated that retired officials of the Two Departments and above may not use sons' court-presenting sequential ennoblement and rank transfer on major ceremonies. Previously, Wang Anshi stated that in the sequential ennoblement of Li Duanyuan and Li Dongzhi, the Secretariat had failed to check old precedent and should be corrected by law. The Emperor said: "If so, then alone they receive no grace." Anshi said: "Sequential ennoblement originally had no principle; now unable to reform hastily, how can we perpetuate error as precedent? For Three Preceptors and Three Dukes to receive appointment through sons' suburban grace ennoblement is especially improper." The Emperor assented.
39
元豐三年,詔:「自今致仕官遇誕節及大禮,許綴舊班。」 以禮部侍郎範鎮居都城外,遇同天節,乞隨散官班上壽,帝令鎮班見任翰林學士上,故有是詔。 又詔:「致仕官朝失儀,勿劾,並著為令。」 又詔:「自今致仕官領職事者,許帶致仕,該遷轉者轉寄祿官,若止係寄祿官,即以本官致仕。 其見任致仕官,除三師、三公、東宮三師三少外,餘並易之。」 六年,以守太尉、開府儀同三司、知河南府文彥博為河東、永興節度使、守太師致仕。 彥博辭兩鎮,止以河東舊鎮貼麻行下。 彥博又言:「前辭闕下之日,嘗奏得致仕後,當親辭天陛,今既得請,欲赴闕廷。」 降詔從之。 七年,詔文臣中大夫、武臣諸司使以下致仕,更不加恩。 元祐元年,樞密院奏:「諸軍年七十,若以疾假滿百日不堪醫治差使者,諸廂都指揮使除諸衛大將軍致仕,諸軍都指揮使、諸班直都虞候帶遙郡除諸衛將軍致仕,諸班直上四軍除屯衛,拱聖以下除領軍衛,並有功勞者為左,無則為右。」 從之。 四年,詔:」應乞致仕而不原轉官者,受敕後,所屬保明以聞,當與推恩。 中大夫至朝奉郎及諸司使,本宗有服親一人蔭補恩澤。 橫行、諸司副使見有身自蔭補人,及內殿承製、崇班、閤門祗候見理親民,並承議、奉議郎,許陳乞有服親一人恩例。 中大夫、中散大夫、諸司使帶遙郡者,蔭補外準此。 即朝奉郎以上及諸司使,雖未授敕而身亡,在外者以乞致仕狀到門下省日,在京以得旨日,亦許陳乞有服親一人恩例。」 六年,監察御史徐君平言:「文臣致仕以年七十為斷,而使臣年七十猶與近地監當,至八十乃致仕,願許其致仕之年如文臣法,而給其奉。」 從之。 三省言:「張方平元係宣微南院使、檢校太傅、太子少師致仕。 元豐官制行,廢宣微使,元祐三年復置,儀品恩數如舊制,方平依舊帶宣微南院使致仕。」 紹聖三年詔:「文武官該轉官致仕,依舊出告外,其餘守本官致仕者並降敕,更不給告。 內因致仕合該乞恩澤人更不具鈔,令尚省通書三司入熟狀,仍不候印畫。」 又詔:「應臣僚丁憂中不許陳乞致仕。」
In the third year of Yuanfeng, an edict stated: "From now on, when retired officials attend the Emperor's birthday or major ceremonies, they are permitted to take their former places in court rank." This was because Fan Zhen, Vice Minister of Rites, lived outside the capital; on the Emperor's birthday he asked to offer felicitations with the dispersed-official class, and the Emperor ordered him ranked above incumbent Hanlin Academicians—hence this edict. Another edict stated: "Retired officials who breach court decorum in audience shall not be impeached, and this shall be made statute." Another edict stated: "From now on, retired officials holding functional posts may retire while retaining their titles; those eligible for transfer receive transferred stipendiary ranks, and if holding only a stipendiary rank, they retire at that rank. For officials holding concurrent retirement posts, except the Three Preceptors, Three Dukes, and the Eastern Palace Three Preceptors and Three Juniors, all others were changed." In the sixth year, Wen Yanbo, Defender of Grand Guardian, Honorary Three Excellencies with Palace Attendance, and Administrator of Henan Prefecture, was appointed Military Commissioner of Hedong and Yongxing and Grand Preceptor in retirement. Yanbo declined both commands, and only the old Hedong command was issued by pasted edict. Yanbo also stated: "When I previously took leave at court, I memorialized that after retirement I should personally bid farewell at the imperial steps; now that permission has been granted, I wish to go to the imperial court." An edict was issued assenting. In the seventh year, an edict stated that civil officials from Regular Grandee and military officials from Commissioners of the Various Bureaus and below who retire receive no further grace. In the first year of Yuanyou, the Bureau of Military Affairs memorialized: "For all armies, if at age seventy an officer on sick leave for one hundred days is unfit for medical assignment, commanders of all barracks are made Great Generals of the Various Guards in retirement; army commanders and chief adjutants of all ranks with distant prefectures are made Generals of the Various Guards in retirement; ranks above all-ranks privates in the four armies receive Tunwei Guard, and those below Gongsheng receive Lingjunwei Guard—with meritorious service on the left, otherwise on the right." Approved. In the fourth year, an edict stated: "For those who petition retirement but do not wish rank transfer, after receiving the edict their superiors shall certify and report, and grace shall be extended. From Regular Grandee through Court Supporter Gentleman and Commissioners of the Various Bureaus, one kin within mourning obligation of the same clan receives hereditary appointment grace. Transverse ranks, deputy commissioners who already have self-appointed hereditary beneficiaries, inner-hall commissioners, honored ranks, palace gate attendants managing kin and populace, and Gentlemen for Continuing and Supporting Discussion may all petition for one kin within mourning obligation. For Regular Grandee, Regular Master for Dispersing Merit, and commissioners with distant prefectures, outside appointment follows this. For Court Supporter Gentleman and above and Commissioners of the Various Bureaus, even if the edict has not yet been issued when they die—outside the capital from the day the retirement petition reaches the Secretariat, in the capital from the day of imperial assent—they may also petition for one kin within mourning obligation." In the sixth year, Supervising Censor Xu Junping stated: "Civil officials retire at age seventy, yet military commissioners at seventy still serve as local supervisors, retiring only at eighty; I ask that their retirement age follow the civil rule and that salary be granted." Approved. The Three Departments stated: "Zhang Fangping was originally Southern Court Commissioner of the Bureau of Palace Attendants, Honorary Grand Tutor, and Junior Preceptor of the Heir Apparent in retirement. When the Yuanfeng office system was implemented, the Bureau of Palace Attendants was abolished; in the third year of Yuanyou it was restored with ritual rank and grace as under the old system, and Fangping again retired while retaining Southern Court Commissioner of the Bureau of Palace Attendants." In the third year of Shaosheng, an edict stated: "Civil and military officials eligible for transferred rank on retirement, aside from the old practice of issuing proclamations, all others retiring at their present rank receive only edicts and no longer receive proclamations. Those within retirement eligible for grace petitions need no longer submit memorial copies; the Secretariat is to notify the Three Bureaus to enter the completed roster, without awaiting seal and signature." Another edict stated: "Officials in mourning shall not petition for retirement."
40
建炎間,嘗詔:「文武官陳乞致仕,朝廷不從,致有身亡之人,許依條陳乞致仕恩澤,及陳乞致仕而道路不通,不曾被受敕命,亦許州、軍保明推恩。」 時強行父博學清修,不緣事故疾病,慨然請老,葉份言之,許令再仕。 王次翁年未六十,浩然全退,呂衤止) }}言之,落致仕,特令再仕。 凡類此者,蓋因其材而挽留之也。 直秘閣致仕鄭南掛冠已久,年德俱高,大臣言之,詔除秘閣修撰,仍舊致仕。 優其恩不奪其志也。 呂頤浩以少保乞除一寄祿官致仕,詔除少傅,依前鎮南軍節度使、成國公致仕; 韓世忠以太傅、鎮南武安寧國軍節度使充醴泉觀使、咸安郡王乞身,詔除太師致仕。 因將相之知止而優其歸也。 楊惟忠、刑煥皆以節度致仕。 臣僚言:「祖宗時,節將、臣僚得謝,不以文武,並納節除一官。」 以今日不復納節換官為非。 詔今後依祖宗典故,蓋不以私恩勝公法也。 昭慶軍節度使、開府儀同三司、充萬壽觀使韋淵乞守本官致仕,詔免赴朝參,仍依兩府例,合破請給人從。 優親之恩而異之也。
During the Jianyan period, an edict was once issued: "When civil and military officials petition retirement and the court does not assent, resulting in death, they are permitted to petition for retirement grace under the regulations; and when retirement is petitioned but roads are impassable and the edict is not received, prefectures and armies may certify and extend grace." At the time, Qiang Xingfu was learned and upright, not citing accident or illness, and resolutely requested old age; Ye Fen spoke on his behalf, and he was permitted to take office again. Wang Ciweng, not yet sixty, withdrew with serene resolve entirely; Lü Haowen spoke on his behalf; his retirement was revoked and he was specially ordered to take office again. In all such cases, the court retained them because of their talent. Zheng Nan, Direct Attendant of the Secretariat Pavilion in retirement, had long doffed his cap; advanced in years and virtue, the ministers spoke on his behalf, and an edict appointed him Compiler of the Secretariat Pavilion while still in retirement. His grace was enhanced without overturning his resolve. Lü Yihao, as Junior Guardian, petitioned to be made a stipendiary official in retirement; an edict appointed him Junior Mentor, continuing as Military Commissioner of Zhennan Army and Duke of Chengguo in retirement; Han Shizhong, as Grand Tutor, Military Commissioner of Zhennan-Wu'an-Ningguo Armies and Commissioner of the Liquan Abbey, Duke of Xian'an, petitioned to resign; an edict appointed him Grand Preceptor in retirement. Because generals and ministers knew when to stop, their return was favored. Yang Weizhong and Xing Huan both retired as military commissioners. Officials stated: "Under the ancestors, when frontier generals and officials took leave, regardless of civil or military, all surrendered their commissions and received one office." They regarded the present failure to surrender commissions for exchanged offices as wrong. An edict ordered that hereafter the ancestral precedents be followed—so that private grace would not prevail over public law. Wei Yuan, Military Commissioner of Zhaqing Army, Honorary Three Excellencies with Palace Attendance, and Commissioner of the Wanshou Abbey, petitioned to retire at his present rank; an edict exempted him from court attendance and, following the Two Departments precedent, granted full salary and attendants. Favored kin received grace and was treated differently.
41
隆興以後,因臣僚言年七十不陳乞致仕者,除合得致仕或遺表恩澤外,並不許遇郊奏薦。 已而復詔:郊祀在近,未致仕人更許陳乞奏薦一次。 可以不予而予之,示厚恩也。 執政在謫籍者陳乞致仕,雖許敘復而寢罷合得恩澤,隻據見存階官蔭補。 淳熙十六年,寧武軍承宣使、提舉佑神觀王友直復奉國軍節度使致仕,臣僚論列,仍守本官職致仕。 可以予而不予,嚴公法也。 抑揚輕重間,可以見優老恤賢之意,可以識製情抑幸之術,故備錄於篇。
After Longxing, because officials stated that those seventy and above who did not petition retirement, aside from grace due on retirement or testamentary memorial, were not permitted suburban recommendation. Soon an edict was restored: with the suburban sacrifice near, those not yet retired were again permitted one petition for recommendation. What need not be granted was granted—showing thick grace. Chief councillors on the demotion register who petitioned retirement, though restoration was permitted, the grace due was suspended; only existing rank hereditary appointment applied. In the sixteenth year of Chunxi, Wang Youzhi, Commissioner for Propagation of Grace of Ningwu Army and Commissioner of the Youshen Abbey, again received Military Commissioner of Fengguo Army in retirement; officials debated, and he still retired at his present functional rank. What could be granted was not granted—strict public law. Between restraint and favor, one may see the intent to honor the aged and pity the worthy, and recognize the art of regulating sentiment and restraining favor—therefore it is fully recorded in this chapter.
42
文臣蔭補
Civil officials: hereditary appointment
43
太師至開府儀同三司:子,承事郎; 孫及期親,承奉郎; 大功以下及異姓親,登仕郎; 門客,登仕郎(。 〈不理選限。)〉
From Grand Preceptor through Honorary Three Excellencies with Palace Attendance: sons, Gentleman for Service Assistance; grandsons and close kin within mourning obligation, Gentleman for Court Support; greater mourning kin and below and different-surname kin, Gentleman for Entering Office; retainers, Gentleman for Entering Office Not subject to selection term limits.)
44
知樞密院事至同知樞密院事:子,承奉郎; 孫及期親,承務郎; 大功以下及異姓親,登仕郎門客,登仕郎, 〈(不理選限。)〉
Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs through Associate Commissioner: sons, Gentleman for Court Support; grandsons and close kin within mourning obligation, Gentleman for Attending Affairs; greater mourning kin and below and different-surname kin, Gentleman for Entering Office; retainers, Gentleman for Entering Office, (Not subject to selection term limits.)
45
太子太師至保和殿大學士:子,承奉郎; 孫及期親,承務郎; 大功以下,登仕郎; 導姓親,將仕郎。
From Grand Preceptor of the Heir Apparent through Grand Academician of the Hall for Preserving Harmony: sons, Gentleman for Court Support; grandsons and close kin within mourning obligation, Gentleman for Attending Affairs; greater mourning kin and below, Gentleman for Entering Office; different-surname kin, Aspirant Gentleman.
46
太子少師至通奉大夫:子孫及期親,承務郎; 大功親,登仕郎; 異姓親,登仕郎; 小功以下親,將仕郎。
From Junior Preceptor of the Heir Apparent through Grandee for Universal Support: grandsons and close kin within mourning obligation, Gentleman for Attending Affairs; greater mourning kin, Gentleman for Entering Office; different-surname kin, Gentleman for Entering Office; lesser mourning kin and below, Aspirant Gentleman.
47
御史中丞至侍御史:子,承務郎; 孫及期親,登仕郎; 大功,將仕郎; 小功以下及異姓親,將仕郎,
From Vice Censor-in-Chief through Attending Censor: sons, Gentleman for Attending Affairs; grandsons and close kin within mourning obligation, Gentleman for Entering Office; greater mourning kin, Aspirant Gentleman; lesser mourning kin and below and different-surname kin, Aspirant Gentleman,
48
中大夫至中散大夫:子,通仕郎; 孫及期親,登仕郎; 大功,將仕郎; 小功以下,將仕郎。
From Regular Grandee through Regular Master for Dispersing Merit: sons, Gentleman for Universal Service; grandsons and close kin within mourning obligation, Gentleman for Entering Office; greater mourning kin, Aspirant Gentleman; lesser mourning kin and below, Aspirant Gentleman.
49
太常卿至奉直大夫:子,登仕郎; 孫及期親,將仕郎; 大功小功親,將仕郎。 國子祭酒至開封少尹:子孫及小功以上,將仕郎。
From Minister of Ceremonies through Regular Gentleman: sons, Gentleman for Entering Office; grandsons and close kin within mourning obligation, Aspirant Gentleman; greater and lesser mourning kin, Aspirant Gentleman. From Chancellor of the Directorate of Education through Junior Vice Prefect of Kaifeng: grandsons and lesser mourning kin and above, Aspirant Gentleman.
50
朝請大夫、帶職朝奉郎以上: 〈(理職司資序及不帶職致仕者同。)〉 子,將仕郎; 小功以上親,將仕郎; 緦麻,上州文學。 〈(注權官一任,回注正官,謂帶職朝奉郎以上亡歿應蔭補者。)〉
Court Audience Gentleman and titled Court Supporter Gentleman and above: (Those ranked by functional bureau sequence and those retiring without retained titles are the same.) sons, Aspirant Gentleman; lesser mourning kin and above, Aspirant Gentleman; wearing-mourning kin, Literary Student of Upper Prefecture. (Note: after one acting appointment, register the regular appointment—referring to those titled Court Supporter Gentleman and above who die and should receive hereditary appointment.)
51
廣南東、西路轉運副使:子,登仕郎; 孫及期親,將仕郎。 提點刑獄:子,將仕郎; 孫及期親,將仁郎。 武臣蔭補
Eastern and Western Route Vice Transport Commissioners of Guangnan: sons, Gentleman for Entering Office; grandsons and close kin within mourning obligation, Aspirant Gentleman. Intendant of the Circuit for Punishing Crime: sons, Aspirant Gentleman; grandsons and close kin within mourning obligation, Aspirant Gentleman. Military officials: hereditary appointment
52
樞密使、開府儀同三司; 子,秉義郎; 孫及期親,忠翊郎; 大功以下親,承節郎; 異姓親,承信郎。
Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs, Honorary Three Excellencies with Palace Attendance; sons, Gentleman for Upholding Righteousness; grandsons and close kin within mourning obligation, Gentleman for Loyal Assistance; greater mourning kin and below, Gentleman for Upholding Integrity; different-surname kin, Gentleman for Upholding Trust.
53
知樞密院事、同知樞密院事、樞密副使、太尉、節度使:子,忠訓郎; 孫及期親,成忠郎; 大功,承節郎; 小功以下及異姓親,承信郎。
Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs, Associate Commissioner, Vice Commissioner, Grand Guardian, Military Commissioner: sons, Gentleman for Loyal Instruction; grandsons and close kin within mourning obligation, Gentleman for Accomplishing Loyalty; greater mourning kin, Gentleman for Upholding Integrity; lesser mourning kin and below and different-surname kin, Gentleman for Upholding Trust.
54
諸衛上將軍,承宣使、觀察使、通侍大夫:子,成忠郎,孫及期親,保義郎; 大功以下,承信郎; 及異姓親,承信郎。
Senior Generals of the Various Guards, Commissioners for Proclaiming Governance, Observation Commissioners, and Grandee for Universal Attendance: sons, Gentleman for Accomplishing Loyalty; grandsons and close kin within mourning obligation, Gentleman for Protecting Righteousness; greater mourning kin and below, Gentleman for Upholding Trust; and different-surname kin, Gentleman for Upholding Trust.
55
樞密都承旨、正侍大夫至右武大夫、防禦使、團練使、延福宮使至昭宣使任入內內侍省都知以上:子,保義郎; 孫及期親,承節郎; 大功以下親, 〈(內各奏異姓親者同。)〉 承信郎。 刺史:子,承節郎; 孫及期親,承信郎; 大功以下,進武校尉。
Director-General Secretary of the Bureau of Military Affairs, Grandees for Regular Attendance through Right Martial Service, Defense and Training Commissioners, and Commissioners of the Hall for Extended Blessings through Proclaiming Brilliance serving as Directors of the Inner Palace Attendant Service and above: sons, Gentleman for Protecting Righteousness; grandsons and close kin within mourning obligation, Gentleman for Upholding Integrity; greater mourning kin and below, (For entries listing different-surname kin separately, the same applies.) Gentleman for Upholding Trust. Prefect: sons, Gentleman for Upholding Integrity; grandsons and close kin within mourning obligation, Gentleman for Upholding Trust; greater mourning kin and below, Captain of Advancing Martiality.
56
諸衛大將軍、武功至武翼大夫、樞密承旨至諸房副承旨:子,承節郎; 孫及期親,承信; 郎大功以下,進武校尉。
Great Generals of the Various Guards, Grandees for Martial Achievement through Martial Wings, and the Bureau Secretary through Deputy Secretaries of the various bureaus: sons, Gentleman for Upholding Integrity; grandsons and close kin within mourning obligation, Gentleman for Upholding Trust; greater mourning kin and below, Captain of Advancing Martiality.
57
諸衛將軍、正侍至右武郎、武功至武翼郎:子,承信郎; 孫,進武校尉; 期親,進義校尉。 樞密院逐房副承旨; 子,承信郎。 訓武、修武郎及閤門祗候:子,進乂校尉。
Generals of the Various Guards, Gentlemen for Regular Attendance through Right Martial Service, and Gentlemen for Martial Achievement through Martial Wings: sons, Gentleman for Upholding Trust; grandsons, Captain of Advancing Martiality; close kin within mourning obligation, Captain of Advancing Righteousness. Deputy Secretaries of the various bureaus of the Bureau of Military Affairs; sons, Gentleman for Upholding Trust. Gentlemen for Training Martiality and Cultivating Martiality and Gate Attendants: sons, Captain of Advancing Righteousness.
58
忠佐帶遙郡者,每兩遇大禮蔭補,子:刺史,進武校尉; 團練使、防禦使,承信郎。 臣僚大禮蔭補
Loyal Assistants bearing distant commanderies: on every second major ceremony hereditary appointment, sons received Prefect or Captain of Advancing Martiality; Training Commissioner and Defense Commissioner, Gentleman for Upholding Trust. Officials: major ceremony hereditary appointment
59
宰相、執政官:本宗、異姓、門客、醫人各一人。 東宮三師、三少至諫議大夫: 〈(權六曹侍郎、侍御史同。)〉 本宗一人。
Chief ministers and administrators: one each from agnates, different-surname kin, retainers, and physicians. Eastern Palace Three Preceptors and Three Juniors through Remonstrance and Censor: (Acting Vice Ministers of the Six Bureaus and Attendant Censors are the same.) one agnate.
60
寺長貳、監長貳、秘書少監、國子司業、起居郎舍人、中書門下省檢正、沿書省左右司郎官、樞密院檢詳、若六曹郎中、殿中侍御史、左右司諫、開封少尹:子或孫一人。
Vice Directors of temples and directorates, Vice Director of the Secretariat, Vice Chancellor of the Directorate of Education, Attendants of the Office of Daily Records and Drafting Officers, Rectifiers of the Secretariat and Chancellery, Left and Right Department Directors of the Ministry of Personnel, Examiners of the Bureau of Military Affairs, Directors of the Six Bureaus, Attending Censors of the Palace, Left and Right Remonstrance Officers, and Junior Vice Prefect of Kaifeng: one son or grandson.
61
致仕蔭補
Retirement: hereditary appointment
62
曾任宰相及見任三少、使相:三人。 曾任三少、使相、執政官、見任節度使; 二人,太中大夫及曾任尚書侍郎及右武大夫以上,並曾任諫議大夫以上及侍御史:一人。
Former chief ministers and current Three Juniors and commissioners with nominal premiership: three persons. Former Three Juniors, commissioners with nominal premiership, administrators, and current military governors: two persons; Grandee of the Palace and former Vice Ministers of the Ministries and Grandee for Right Martial Service and above, and former Remonstrance Censors and above and Attendant Censors: one person.
63
遺表蔭補
Posthumous memorial: hereditary appointment
64
曾任宰相及見任三少、使相:五人。 曾任執政官、見任節度使:四人。 太中大夫以上:一人。 諸衛上將軍、承宣使:四人。 觀察使:三人。
Former chief ministers and current Three Juniors and commissioners with nominal premiership: five persons. Former administrators and current military governors: four persons. Grandee of the Palace and above: one person. Senior Generals of the Various Guards and Commissioner for Proclaiming Governance: four persons. Observation Commissioner: three persons.