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卷一百七十二 志第一百二十五 職官十二

Volume 172 Treatises 125: Offical Posts 12

Chapter 172 of 宋史 · History of Song
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1
祿
Official Posts, Part Twelve (Under the salary statutes.) ○ Supplemental public-use funds, grant vouchers, official fields, and supplemental allowances
2
使 使 使殿 殿殿 殿 殿 綿 祿殿使使 祿 祿殿使 使 殿 殿 殿 祿殿 殿 祿 簿 使使 使使 使
An acting Commissioner of the Three Departments who also served as intendant of Kaifeng Prefecture received one hundred thousand cash. An acting dispatched Commissioner of the Three Departments received fifty thousand cash. Deputy commissioners of the Yuqing Zhaoying, Jingling, and Huiling palaces and observatory, and a Grand Academician of the Hall for Viewing Culture, each received thirty thousand cash. Academicians of the Hall for Viewing Culture and Grand Academicians of the Hall for Assisting Governance, (The Yuanfeng reforms added a Grand Academician of the Hall for Preserving Harmony.) Officials at palace observatories, Three Departments judicial posts, and sub-bureau judges, (Acting and acting-dispatched appointments were treated the same.) The Kaifeng judicial official, the intendant of bureau storehouses, the superintendent of Three Departments army grand generals, and the intendant of the inner bow-and-arrow depot each received twenty thousand cash. Chief superintendents and managing officials at palace observatories received seventeen thousand cash. (Those who served as Director-in-Chief or Escort Captain received twenty thousand cash. Academicians of the Halls for Assisting Governance and Illuminating Clarity, and Hanlin Readers-in-Waiting, (The Yuanyou period restored Hanlin Reader-in-Waiting and Lecturer-in-Waiting posts; they were abolished again under Shaosheng.) Academicians of the Dragon Diagram and Heavenly Writ halls, (Yuanfeng added academicians for the Halls for Preserving Harmony, Prolonging Health, Fixing the Text, Displaying Counsel, and Manifest Worth.) Direct academicians of the Bureau of Military Affairs, later renamed (to the Hall for Recounting Antiquity.) Direct academicians of the Dragon Diagram and Heavenly Writ halls, (Yuanfeng added direct academicians for Fixing the Text, Displaying Counsel, and Manifest Worth, and stipendiaries for Preserving Harmony, Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Writ, Treasured Writ, Displaying Counsel, and Manifest Worth.) Each received fifteen thousand cash. (Each spring and winter they received five bolts of damask, seventeen bolts of silk, one bolt of gauze, and fifty taels of cotton. For grand academicians down through stipendiaries, pay followed the substantive rank, and clothing grants matched that rank's precedent; if the nominal post was higher, the higher precedent applied; if lower, each grade applied in turn. In Daguan 2, Minister of Revenue Zuo Rui observed: "The Salary Statutes being compiled show how far academic supplemental pay falls below substantive salaries—a Grand Academician of the Hall for Viewing Culture and a second-rank military commissioner are both second grade, yet the grand academician's supplement is only thirty thousand cash while a military commissioner's regular pay is four hundred thousand, with retainers followers, grain, cloth, and comparable perquisites in proportion. Some argued that grand academicians already drew the regular salary of a nominal-rank post, which is why the supplement was so small. Yet if one compares a Silver-Gleaming Grandee of Splendid Happiness serving as Grand Academician of the Hall for Viewing Culture with a military commissioner, the combined regular salary still falls short of half a commissioner's pay—the imbalance is obvious. The same disparity held for other academicians relative to substantive posts. He proposed renaming office salary as attached-office salary to distinguish it clearly. Rates were to be set by reference to substantive regular salaries and public-service allowances. Attached-office pay from academicians through direct-pavilion posts was granted alike inside and outside the capital. Grand Academician of the Hall for Viewing Culture: one hundred thousand cash. An Academician of the Hall for Viewing Culture or Grand Academician of the Hall for Assisting Governance received eighty thousand cash. The Hall for Illuminating Clarity academician, later renamed the Hall for Prolonging Health academician, received fifty thousand cash. Former chief administrators received an additional twenty thousand cash. Academicians of the Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Writ, Treasured Writ, Displaying Counsel, and Manifest Worth halls, and Bureau direct academicians (later renamed Recounting Antiquity academicians), received forty thousand cash. Direct academicians of those same halls received thirty thousand cash. Stipendiaries received twenty thousand cash. Compilers of the Hall for Assembling Excellence (formerly of the Hall for Assembling the Worthy) received fifteen thousand cash. From Direct Dragon Diagram Pavilion through Direct Secret Pavilion: ten thousand cash." The court approved his proposal. In Xuanhe 3, Minister of Revenue Shen Jizhong and Vice Minister Wang Fan reported: "Under Yuanfeng law, nominal post-holders followed the Jiayou Salary Statutes, which set three grades of supplemental pay from Grand Academician of the Hall for Viewing Culture down through direct academicians, ranging from thirty to fifteen thousand cash. During Daguan, at the Edict Office's request, these became attached-office salaries for posts from grand academician through Direct Secret Pavilion, nine grades from one hundred thousand down to ten thousand cash. Capital service grain was also raised: from grand academician to stipendiary, four grades from fifty to twenty-five piculs—several times the old allowance." They added: "Academicians supervising capital offices drew their regular pay, attached-office salary, and dispatch supplements combined—nearly twice what Six Bureau ministers or Hanlin Expositors received, which defeats the purpose of matching pay to duty." The court ordered a return to Yuanfeng rates: twenty thousand for the Censor-in-Chief, ten thousand for investigating censors, seven thousand for the Director of the Imperial Fields; and per the third year of Yuanfeng edict, fifteen thousand for the Court of Imperial Granaries vice director, twelve thousand for registrars who were capital officials, and ten thousand for selected appointees. In Xining 3, the Broad Kin and Harmonious Kin mansions were allotted fifteen thousand for recorders and lecturers, twelve thousand for instructors, seventeen thousand for military patrol commissioners, and seven thousand for acting commissioners and judicial officials. All of the above followed Yuanfeng rules; what follows adds only scattered ranks.) The Herd Office commissioner and vice commissioner, Kaifeng investigating official, and Three Departments canal managers each received fifteen thousand cash. The Herd Office chief superintendent received thirteen thousand cash. Officials of the Silver Terrace Office, Court for Reviewing Appointments, Third-Rank Bureau, Ministry selection office, Petition courts, Court of Imperial Rites ritual bureau, capital penal inspector, Herd Office judge, and surveillance commissioner each received ten thousand cash. The judge of the Court of Imperial Granaries received seven thousand cash.
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祿祿使 使 使 使 使 殿 宿
Intendants and judges of circuit prefectures, armies, and superior prefectures were paid in eight grades from sixty thousand down to seven thousand cash. By rank: the Three Preceptors and Three Dukes received sixty thousand cash. Vice grand councilors, Eastern Palace Three Preceptors, and former Secretariat or Military Affairs chiefs or holders of Special Advancement received fifty thousand cash. Ministers and vice directors, Eastern Palace Three Juniors, golden-gleaming to splendid grandees, academicians, drafting and remonstrance officials, secretaries, stipendiaries and above, and horizontal-rank commissioners and deputies each received thirty thousand cash. (Some horizontal-rank posts drew two hundred thousand cash. Stipendiaries and above who served as prefect in the Yi, Zi, Li, or Kuizhou circuits received two hundred thousand in iron cash. A horizontal-rank deputy serving as Kuizhou prefect received one hundred fifty thousand; other prefects or army commanders, eighty thousand.) Grand directorate chiefs, bureau commissioners through tribute officials, masters of protocol through scattered-morals masters, military glory through upholder-of-righteousness gentlemen, and gatehouse attendants and above received fifteen thousand cash. (Those at fifteen thousand and above might receive more according to the prestige of their prefecture. Officials below grand director rank who served as prefect in Yi, Zi, Li, or Kuizhou received one hundred fifty thousand in iron cash. The same applied to bureau vice commissioners through tribute officials and gatehouse attendants and above who served as prefect in those four circuits. As prefect of other prefectures or armies, they received eighty thousand cash. Only bureau commissioners received one hundred thousand.) Court officials at Loyal Assistant Gentleman rank, palace attendants, and gatehouse attendants received ten thousand cash. (Court officials acting as army commander, prefect, or superior prefect were treated the same. As prefect in those four circuits they received eighty thousand in iron cash; as army commander, sixty thousand. Palace attendants and gatehouse attendants commanding armies or prefectures were treated the same.) Preservers of righteousness, palace direct attendants, and gatehouse attendants received eight thousand cash. (If serving in the four circuits as prefect or army commander, fifty thousand in iron cash.) Capital officials received two grades from ten thousand down to seven thousand cash. (As prefect in the four circuits, sixty thousand in iron cash; as army commander, fifty thousand.) Probationary appointees, prefectural and county officials, and functional officials who also served as prefect of Chunzhou received seven thousand cash. By prefectural prestige: Henan, Daming, Jingnan, Yongxing, Jiangning, Hangzhou, Yangzhou, Tanzhou, Bingzhou, and Daizhou received thirty thousand cash. Yingtian, Zhending, Fengxiang, Shan Superior Prefecture, Qinzhou, Qingzhou, and Hongzhou received twenty thousand cash. Hezhong and Yan, Xu, Xiang, Meng, Hua, Zheng, Cang, Xing, Chan, Bei, Xiang, Hua, Jin, Lu, Lu, Shou, Su, Si, Chu, Su, Yue, Run, and Chang prefectures each received fifteen thousand cash. (The Guangzhou prefect received seven hundred thousand cash per year, disbursed in equal monthly installments. Formerly the monthly allowance was one hundred thousand; in Dazhong Xiangfu 6 the annual allotment was fixed at five hundred thousand, with the surplus counted as supplemental pay. Yizhou received three hundred thousand in iron cash, Zizhou two hundred thousand, Kuizhou one hundred fifty thousand; other prefectures were paid at roughly the equivalent copper-coin rate.)
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使 西 使 西使 西 沿使使 使使 使殿
For overall commanders, pacification and consolation commissioners, and the four Hebei circuits, (namely Zhending, Yingzhou, Dingzhou, and Daming.) For each Shaanxi circuit, (Yongxing, Qinzhou, Weizhou, Qingzhou, and Yanzhou.) For the Hedong circuit, (Taiyuan.) Former heads of the Two Councils each received fifty thousand cash; Remonstrance officials, secretaries, stipendiaries, and grandees of the palace from Grandee of the Highest Honor upward received thirty thousand cash. (Each also drew a special supplemental twenty thousand cash. The Daming prefect who also served as Hebei pacification commissioner was treated the same. A Bingzhou prefect who also held an academician title received fifty thousand cash but no special supplement.) Strategic staff officers on the three frontier circuits received ten thousand cash if court officials and seven thousand if capital officials. When the Gui prefect concurrently commanded and pacified the Guangnan West Circuit, remonstrance officials, secretaries, stipendiaries, grand directorate chiefs, and grandees from Grandee of the Highest Honor through Master Who Scatters Morals upward received thirty thousand cash. (If a court minister served as Guangxi military commander while also handling that circuit's pacification and strategic affairs, twenty thousand cash.) Hebei frontier pacification deputies and overall supervisors drawn from horizontal-rank posts received thirty thousand cash. (If filled from horizontal-rank deputies, bureau commissioners and deputies, honored cohort members, military glory grandees, or stalwart martial gentlemen and above, twenty thousand cash. Tribute officials, upholders of righteousness, or gatehouse attendants serving as overall supervisors received fifteen thousand.) Concurrent managers of Hedong frontier pacification affairs, from horizontal-rank deputies through inner-hall honored cohort and stalwart martial gentlemen upward, received twenty thousand cash.
5
Vice prefects in major prefectures received from twenty thousand down to fifteen thousand cash. In other prefectures and armies, court officials drew ten to seven thousand cash, and capital officials seven thousand. (Court-official vice prefects at Yizhou received eighty thousand in iron cash; capital officials, sixty thousand.) Court-official vice prefects in the Yi, Zi, Li, and Kuizhou circuits received seventy thousand in iron cash; capital officials, fifty thousand. Co-signing judicial officials received ten thousand cash if court officials and seven thousand if capital officials. Court officials co-signing at Yi and Zi prefectures received seventy thousand in iron cash; capital officials, fifty thousand.
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使使 使 使使 使 使 西 使 使殿
Transport commissioners on the three circuits and the grand dispatched transport commissioner overseeing Huainan, Jiang-Zhe, and Jing-Hu tea and salt taxes received thirty thousand cash for remonstrance officials and stipendiaries through grand directorate chiefs, and for grandees from Grandee of the Highest Honor through Master Who Scatters Morals upward. Court officials serving as transport commissioner or deputy received twenty thousand cash. (From military glory grandee through martial wing gentleman, and bureau commissioners or deputies serving as transport deputy or overall supervisor were paid like court officials; as judicial officials, ten thousand.) Transport commissioners at the Three Gates and Baibo depots received twenty thousand cash if court officials; court officials serving as judicial officials received ten thousand cash and capital officials seven thousand. Circuit transport commissioners and deputies who were court officials from Gentleman for Promoting Virtue downward received twenty thousand cash, or one hundred fifty thousand in iron cash if serving in the four circuits. Their judicial deputies received ten thousand cash. (If serving in Fujian or the Eastern and Western Guangnan circuits, fifteen thousand cash. If serving in the Yi, Zi, Li, and Kuizhou circuits, eighty thousand in iron cash.) Circuit penal intendants, agricultural encouragement commissioners and deputies, and Kaifeng metropolitan county and market-town superintendents received twenty thousand cash. (Loyal assistant gentlemen, palace attendants, or gatehouse attendants and below serving as circuit penal intendants, agricultural encouragement commissioners or deputies, or metropolitan co-superintendents, and stalwart martial gentlemen or inner-hall honored cohort and above, received fifteen thousand cash. Court officials, upholders of righteousness, tribute officials, and gatehouse attendants and above who served as penal intendants in the four circuits received one hundred fifty thousand in iron cash. Those from loyal assistant gentleman, palace attendant, and gatehouse attendant downward received one hundred thousand.)
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使 西沿 殿 使使 使
Deputy overall commanders, acting overall commanders, overall and circuit military supervisors, prefectural military supervisors, and circuit overall supervisors across the circuits were paid six grades from fifty thousand down to eight thousand cash. In the four circuits, iron cash ranged from two hundred thousand to one hundred thousand in three grades.) Metropolitan and circuit overall supervisors, patrol inspectors, stockade chiefs, and custodial officers—from bureau commissioners through third-cohort provisional appointees and from military glory grandee through gentleman who upholds trust upward—were paid six grades from fifteen thousand down to five thousand cash. In the four circuits, iron cash ranged from one hundred thousand to fifty thousand in four grades. Tribal frontier patrol inspectors of various border peoples in Shaanxi and Hedong were paid six grades from fifteen thousand down to four thousand cash. Circuit commissioners bearing imperial orders on horseback ranged from gentlemen of following righteousness through gentlemen who preserve righteousness. Together with tribute officials through palace direct attendants and Two Department staff from tribute officials through yellow-gate attendants, they received four grades from ten thousand down to five thousand cash. (In the four circuits, iron cash ranged from sixty thousand to forty thousand,) in three grades. Custodial officers in the metropolitan zone and in circuit prefectures, armies, directorates, counties, and market towns received seven thousand cash if court officials and two capital-official grades from five to four thousand. From military glory grandee through advanced righteousness commandant, and from bureau commissioners through third-cohort commissioners, seven grades ranged from ten thousand down to three thousand cash. Court officials in Sichuan gorge prefectures, superior prefectures, armies, or directorates received fifty thousand in iron cash; capital officials, two grades from thirty to twenty-five thousand. Third-cohort commissioners in the four circuits were paid five grades from sixty thousand down to twenty-five thousand cash.
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西 殿使
Court officials superintending Shaanxi, Jiang-Zhe, Jing-Hu, Fujian, and Guangnan affairs or serving as coinage intendants received two grades from twenty to fifteen thousand cash. Court officials who grandly superintended river works, managed palace observatories, pressed imperial transport or grain fleets, or supervised prefectural warehouses were paid three grades from fifteen to seven thousand cash. (In the four circuits, seventy thousand in iron cash.) Capital officials who pressed imperial transport, loaded grain barges, or supervised prefectural warehouses received two grades from seven to five thousand cash. (In the four circuits, fifty thousand in iron cash.) Grand superintendents of Yellow River dike repair, local patrol inspectors, supervisors of the Beijing metropolitan and inner-palace armories, and Cai River dispatch and fleet-pressing posts, among others. All were filled by Two Department staff from tribute officials through inner-palace attendants, with seven grades from ten thousand down to three thousand cash. (The old gazetteer listed circuit deployment commissioners and military supervisors at four grades from fifty to fifteen thousand cash. Stationed overall supervisors and army-and-horse overall supervisors had six grades from twenty to fifteen thousand cash. At prefectural tax depots and market offices, court officials from tribute official upward received seven thousand cash; capital officials who were palace direct attendants, five thousand; probationary appointees and inner-palace attendants, three thousand; where internal tax quotas were large, court and capital officials were paid alike, and commissioners like army custodial officers.)
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In Dazhong Xiangfu 2, officials posted outside the capital who could not bring their families were permitted to allot part of their supplemental allowance to support dependents at home. Supplemental sheep for outer service ranged through six grades from twenty head down to two. Rice allowances had seven grades from twenty piculs down to two. Flour allowances had seven grades from thirty piculs down to two. Attendants were allotted seven grades from twenty down to two. Horses were allotted six grades from ten down to one. The old gazetteer's figures differed. The present account follows the Four Reigns Gazetteer.
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祿 使祿
After the court crossed south in the Jianyan era, salary regulations largely followed Jiayou, Yuanfeng, and Zhenghe precedents, with few changes. Only at the war's outset did chief councillors draw one-third, two-thirds, or half of salary and grants by provisional order; under Longxing and Kaixi they petitioned for half pay—all temporary measures. Later, inner and outer officials again received supplemental salary; functional officials drew office pay and kitchen allowances; compilation officials received meal conversion money; capital revenue officers received supplemental cash and rice; selected appointees and commissioners short of official fields received tea money; and grain salaries and attendants largely returned to earlier norms. What follows combines the new and old regulations for reference.
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祿 綿 祿祿 綿 綿 綿 綿 綿 綿 綿 綿 綿 綿 綿
Under the Yuanfeng fixed regulations, salary was tied to nominal rank. After the southern crossing the schedule was revised again: a Grand Preceptor with the Ceremony of the Three Dukes received one hundred strings in salary funds. Special Advancement drew ninety strings in salary funds. (Twenty-five bolts each of spring and winter garment silk, ten bolts of small twill, one bolt of spring gauze, and fifty ounces of winter cotton.) The Golden-Gleaming and Silver-Gleaming Grandees of the Palace. (Sixty strings in salary funds each; twenty bolts each of spring and winter silk, seven bolts of small twill, one bolt of spring gauze, and fifty ounces of winter cotton.) The ranks of Grandee for Court Audience, Grandee for Direct Court Audience, Grandee of the Palace for Direct Remonstrance, and Grandee for Court Submission. (Fifty strings in salary funds each; seventeen bolts each of spring and winter silk, five bolts of small twill, and one bolt of spring gauze. Fifty ounces of winter cotton.) The ranks of Grandee of the Palace for Discussion, Grandee of the Palace of the Highest Honor, Grandee of the Palace, Grandee for Court Submission, and Master Who Scatters Morals. (Forty-five strings in salary funds each; fifteen bolts each of spring and winter silk, three bolts of small twill, one bolt of spring gauze, and fifty ounces of winter cotton. The ranks of Grandee of the Palace for Court Discussion, Grandee for Direct Court Service, Grandee for Court Petition, Grandee for Court Dispersal, and Grandee for Court Audience. The ranks listed above received thirty-five strings each in salary funds, fifteen bolts each of spring and winter silk, one bolt of spring gauze, and thirty ounces of winter cotton. The ranks of Gentleman for Court Petition, Gentleman for Court Dispersal, and Gentleman for Court Audience. (Those above drew thirty strings each in salary funds, thirteen bolts each of spring and winter silk, one bolt of spring gauze, and thirty ounces of cotton. Gentleman for Direct Remonstrance. (Twenty strings in salary funds; ten bolts each of spring and winter silk; one bolt of spring gauze; thirty ounces of winter cotton.) The rank of Gentleman for Direct Discussion. Twenty strings in salary funds; ten bolts each of spring and winter silk; one bolt of spring gauze; thirty ounces of winter cotton. Gentleman for Direct Service. (Eighteen strings in salary funds; seven bolts each of spring and winter silk; one bolt of spring gauze; thirty ounces of winter cotton.) The rank of Gentleman for Exhorting Morals. (Fifteen strings in salary funds; five bolts of spring and winter silk; fifteen ounces of winter cotton.) The rank of Gentleman for Exhorting Discussion.) Twelve strings in salary funds; five bolts each of spring and winter silk; fifteen ounces of winter cotton.) The rank of Gentleman for Direct Affairs. (Ten strings in salary funds; five bolts each of spring and winter silk; fifteen ounces of winter cotton.) The rank of Gentleman for Direct Submission. (Eight strings in salary funds.) The rank of Gentleman for Attending to Duty. (Seven strings in salary funds; from Yuanfeng onward revenue-service posts received only courier-station provisions until disbursement was fixed in Daguan 2.) The salary funds above were paid one-third in ready cash and two-thirds by commutation. Each commuted string was reckoned at six hundred cash in the capital and four hundred cash elsewhere. Upon assuming office, supplemental courier-station provisions were also granted.
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綿 綿 綿 滿
The rank of Gentleman for Direct Rectitude. (Twenty-five strings in salary funds, ten strings for tea and broth, six dou of kitchen rice, one picul five dou of flour, forty bundles of straw, twenty bundles of firewood, one horse, six bolts of spring and winter silk, and twelve ounces of cotton.) The rank of Gentleman of the Confucian Grove. (Twenty strings in salary funds, ten strings for tea and broth, six dou of kitchen rice, one picul five dou of flour, thirty bundles of straw, fifteen bundles of firewood, five bolts each of spring and winter silk, and ten ounces of winter cotton.) The rank of Gentleman of Literary Grove, (Fifteen strings in salary funds, ten strings for tea and broth, six dou of kitchen rice, one picul five dou of flour, thirty bundles of straw, fifteen bundles of firewood, five bolts each of spring and winter silk, and ten ounces of cotton.) Gentleman for Attending Affairs, Gentleman for Attending Governance, and Gentleman for Cultivating Office. (The above ranks drew fifteen strings each in salary funds and ten strings for tea and broth, with two piculs each of rice and wheat. The rank of Gentleman for Achieving Merit. Twelve strings in salary funds, ten strings for tea and broth, and one picul five dou each of rice and wheat.) Of the commuted payments above, half was issued in ready cash and half by commutation. Each string commuted at seven hundred cash. Pay was issued daily while serving in revenue posts and stopped when the term ended.
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綿 使 祿祿 使 祿 使 祿 使 祿 使 祿 祿 使
Stipends for military officials: the Grand Preceptor. (One hundred strings in salary funds; one bolt of spring-garment gauze; ten bolts each of small twill and silk; ten bolts of winter-garment small twill; twenty bolts of silk; fifty ounces of cotton.) A substantive military commissioner. (Ranked below Grandee of Splendid Happiness; initial appointees and those concurrently commanding troops alike received four hundred strings in salary funds and a grain salary of one hundred fifty piculs. The commissioner for court announcement. Ranked below Grandee of the Palace for Discussion, with three hundred strings in salary funds and a grain salary of one hundred piculs. The observation commissioner. Ranked below Grandee of the Palace, with two hundred strings each in salary funds, a grain salary of one hundred piculs, and fifteen piculs of rice and wheat.) The defense commissioner. (Ranked below Master Who Scatters Morals, with two hundred strings in salary funds, a grain salary of one hundred piculs, and twelve piculs five dou each of rice and wheat.) The training commissioner. (Ranked below Master Who Scatters Morals, with one hundred fifty strings in salary funds, a grain salary of seventy piculs, and nine piculs each of rice and wheat.) The various prefects. (Ranked below Master Who Scatters Morals, with one hundred strings in salary funds, a grain salary of fifty piculs, and seven piculs five dou each of rice and wheat.) From the commissioner for court announcement downward, posts without nominal ranks were substantive appointments and those with nominal ranks were distant-prefecture titles; distant-prefecture ranks ranked below substantive ones, yet requested stipends matched those of secondary and substantive appointments alike. A Jingkang directive ordered that distant-prefecture titles and above should receive only two-thirds of stipend money, clothing grants, attendants, and stipend horses.
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殿使使 殿使 使使 使 殿
Commanders-in-chief of the Hall of the Army’s three commands and four wings, and of the Sun-Upholding and Heavenly Martial left and right wings, holding distant-prefecture training commissioner titles. (One hundred strings in salary funds. Ten bolts each of spring and winter garment silk.) Deputy commanders of the Hall of the Army’s various direct-body companies and commanders-in-chief of the various armies holding distant-prefecture governor titles. (Fifty strings in salary funds; clothing as above.) Commanders-in-chief of the Dragon Guard and Divine Guard right wings holding distant-prefecture training commissioner titles. (The same as for Sun-Upholding and Heavenly Martial.) Commanders-in-chief of the Dragon and Divine Guard armies holding distant-prefecture governor titles. (The same as for the Hall of the Army.)
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祿 綿 綿 綿 綿 綿
Senior generals of the Left and Right Golden Crow Guard and Left and Right Guard, ranked below Grandee of Splendid Happiness.) Senior generals of the various guards. (Ranked below Grandee for Court Submission. The above received sixty strings each in salary funds.) Five bolts each of spring and winter twill, ten bolts each of silk, one bolt of spring gauze, and fifty ounces of winter cotton. Grand generals of the Left and Right Golden Crow Guard. (Ranked below Master Who Scatters Morals, with thirty-five strings in salary funds, three bolts of spring and winter twill, seven bolts of silk, one bolt of spring gauze, and thirty ounces of cotton.) Grand generals of the various guards. (Ranked below Master Who Scatters Morals, with twenty-five strings in salary funds, three bolts of spring and winter twill, seven bolts each of silk, one bolt of spring gauze, and twenty ounces of winter cotton.) Generals of the various guards. (Ranked below Gentleman for Court Audience, with twenty-five strings in salary funds, two bolts each of spring and winter twill, seven bolts each of silk, one bolt of spring gauze, and fifteen ounces of winter cotton.) The Chief of the Rate Office, (Ranked below Gentleman for Direct Discussion.) The Vice Chief of the Rate Office. (Ranked below Gentleman for Direct Service. Thirteen strings in salary funds; five bolts each of spring and winter silk; one bolt of spring gauze; fifteen ounces of winter cotton.)
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祿 綿 祿綿 祿綿 使 使 綿 綿
The rank of Grandee for Court Service. (Ranked below Master Who Scatters Morals. Fifty strings in salary funds and a grain salary of twenty-five piculs. Seven bolts of spring silk, ten bolts of winter silk, and thirty ounces of cotton.) Personal attendants (Twenty attendants and three horses.) The ranks of Grandee for Direct Attendance, Grandee for Proclaiming Rectitude, Grandee for Upholding Rectitude, Grandee for Coordinating Loyalty, and Grandee for Central Attendance. (Those above were ranked below Master Who Scatters Morals. They drew thirty-seven strings each in salary funds, a grain salary of twenty-five piculs, seven bolts of spring silk, ten bolts of winter silk, thirty ounces of cotton, twenty attendants, and three horses.) The rank of Grandee for Central Brightness. (Ranked below Master Who Scatters Morals. Thirty-seven strings in salary funds, a grain salary of twenty-five piculs, seven bolts of spring silk, ten bolts of winter silk, thirty ounces of cotton, twenty attendants, and three horses.) The ranks of Grandee for Central Guard, Grandee for Assisting Guard, and Grandee for Intimate Guard, (Ranked below Master Who Scatters Morals and above defense commissioner.) The ranks of Grandee for Arching Guard, Left Martial Grandee, and Right Martial Grandee. (All ranked below Grandee for Direct Court Service and above chief commissioners of the various bureaus. The above received twenty-seven strings each in salary funds, seven bolts of spring silk, ten bolts of winter silk, and thirty ounces of cotton.) The ranks of Military Glory Grandee, Martial Virtue Grandee, Martial Display Grandee, Martial Discipline Grandee, Martial Strategy Grandee, Martial Canon Grandee, Martial Righteousness Grandee, and Martial Wing Grandee. (All ranked below Grandee for Court Audience. The above drew twenty-five strings each in salary funds, one picul of kitchen rice and two piculs of flour, seven bolts of spring silk, ten bolts of winter silk, and thirty ounces of cotton.)
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綿 綿 綿 綿 綿 綿 綿
The ranks of Gentleman for Direct Attendance, Gentleman for Proclaiming Rectitude, Gentleman for Upholding Rectitude, Gentleman for Coordinating Loyalty, Gentleman for Central Attendance, Gentleman for Central Brightness, Gentleman for Central Guard, Gentleman for Assisting Guard, Gentleman for Intimate Guard, Gentleman for Arching Guard, Left Martial Gentleman, and Right Martial Gentleman. (All of the above were ranked below Gentleman for Court Audience. They drew twenty strings each in salary funds, five bolts of spring silk, seven bolts of winter silk, and thirty ounces of cotton.) The ranks of Military Glory Gentleman, Martial Virtue Gentleman, Martial Display Gentleman, Martial Discipline Gentleman, Martial Strategy Gentleman, Martial Wing Gentleman, and Martial Righteousness Gentleman. (All ranked below Gentleman for Direct Remonstrance. The above drew twenty strings each in salary funds, one picul each of kitchen rice and flour, five bolts of spring silk, seven bolts of winter silk, and thirty ounces of cotton.) The rank of Train Martial Gentleman. (Seventeen strings in salary funds; five bolts of spring silk; seven bolts of winter silk; twenty ounces of cotton.) The rank of Refine Martial Gentleman. (Seventeen strings in salary funds; five bolts of spring silk; seven bolts of winter silk; twenty ounces of cotton.) The ranks of Gentleman of Following Righteousness and Upholder of Righteousness. (Ten strings each in salary funds, twelve strings in concurrent-office funds, four bolts of spring silk, five bolts of winter silk, and ten ounces of cotton.) The ranks of Loyal Instruction Gentleman and Loyal Assistant Gentleman. (Seven strings each in salary funds, ten strings in concurrent-office funds, four bolts each of spring and winter silk, and fifteen ounces of winter cotton.) The ranks of Complete Loyalty Gentleman and Gentleman Who Preserves Righteousness. (Five strings each in salary funds, seven strings in concurrent-office funds, four bolts each of spring and winter silk, and fifteen ounces of cotton.) The ranks of Gentleman Who Upholds Integrity and Gentleman Who Upholds Trust. (Four strings each in salary funds, three bolts each of spring and winter silk, and two strings in cash.)
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The rank of Advanced Martial Commandant. (Three strings in salary funds and three bolts each of spring and winter silk.) The rank of Advanced Righteousness Commandant. (Two strings in salary funds and three bolts each of spring and winter silk.) The rank of off-duty attendant responder. (Stipends varied with the assignment served and the length of service. Terms ranged from three years to twelve months, with seven hundred cash in salary funds, two piculs five dou of grain provisions, and five bolts each of spring and winter silk.) The rank of Advanced Martial Vice Commandant. (Three strings in salary funds. The rank of Advanced Righteousness Vice Commandant. One string in salary funds.) The rank of gate-waiting advanced righteousness vice commandant. (Two strings in salary funds.)
19
使 綿 使 綿 綿
Salary funds and office pay under Shaoxing still followed the Zhonghe schedule: chief councilors and commissioners of the Bureau of Military Affairs drew three hundred strings in salary funds each month. (Under Zhonghe the Left and Right Assistants served as chief councilors; under Shaoxing the Left and Right Vice Grand Councilors with Concurrent Chancellorship did so. Under the former regulations they received twenty bolts each of small twill for spring and winter garments, thirty bolts each of silk, one bolt of spring gauze, and one hundred ounces of winter cotton. At first, a Jianyan 1 directive allowed the chief executives to petition for allowance at two-thirds of the full rate while actual disbursements were paid at half.) The posts of Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs, Vice Grand Councilor, Vice Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs, Associate Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs, and Signing Secretary of the Bureau of Military Affairs. (Two hundred strings in salary funds; ten bolts each of small twill for spring and winter garments, twenty bolts each of silk, one bolt of spring gauze, and fifty ounces of winter cotton.) The ranks of Grand Preceptor, Grand Tutor, Grand Protector, Junior Preceptor, Junior Tutor, and Junior Protector. (Three hundred strings in salary funds; three bolts of spring gauze, with one bolt paid provisionally; thirty bolts of small twill, with twenty paid; forty bolts of silk, with thirty paid; winter twill and silk the same. Two hundred ounces of cotton were allotted, with one hundred disbursed.)
20
綿 綿 綿 綿 綿 綿
Functional officials below all drew office salary—for example, the Metropolitan Prefect received one hundred strings. (One bolt of spring gauze; ten bolts each of small twill and silk; ten bolts of small twill and twenty bolts of silk for winter garments. Fifty ounces of cotton.) The Junior Preceptor, Junior Tutor, and Junior Protector of the Heir Apparent drew two hundred strings in office salary. (One bolt of spring gauze; ten bolts of small twill; twenty-five bolts of silk; winter twill and silk the same; fifty ounces of cotton.) The Junior Preceptor, Junior Tutor, and Junior Protector received one hundred fifty strings. (Seven bolts each of small twill for spring and winter garments, twenty bolts each of silk, one bolt of spring gauze, and fifty ounces of winter cotton.) The Censor-in-Chief and the Ministers of the Six Bureaus. (acting appointment, sixty strings; substantive appointment, fifty-five strings; probationary appointment, fifty strings. One bolt of spring gauze; five bolts of small twill; seventeen bolts of silk; winter twill and silk the same; fifty ounces of cotton.) The Hanlin Academician Expositor and Hanlin Academicians, (Pay was fifty strings. Spring garments as for the entry above.) The Left and Right Regular Attendants of the Cavalier Attendants-in-Ordinary. (acting appointment, fifty-five strings; substantive appointment, fifty strings; probationary appointment, forty-five strings. Three bolts of small twill for spring garments, fifteen bolts of silk, and one bolt of gauze; winter twill and silk the same; fifty ounces of cotton.) Acting Ministers of the Six Bureaus, the Vice Censor-in-Chief, Vice Ministers of the Six Bureaus (paid like Regular Attendants), and the Heir Apparent's Guest. (acting appointment, fifty strings; substantive appointment, forty-seven strings; probationary appointment, forty-five strings. Seven bolts of small twill for spring garments, twenty bolts of silk, and one bolt of gauze; winter twill and silk the same; thirty ounces of cotton.) The Heir Apparent's Chamberlain. (Pay and clothing allowances the same as for the Heir Apparent's Guest; small twill limited to three bolts each.) The Supervising Secretariat Drafter and the Secretariat Drafter. (acting appointment, fifty strings; substantive appointment, forty-five strings; probationary appointment, forty strings. Clothing allowances the same as for the Chamberlain.) The Left and Right Counsellors for Remonstrance. (acting appointment, forty-five strings; substantive appointment, forty strings; probationary appointment, thirty-seven strings. All other allowances the same as for the Secretariat Drafter.) Acting Vice Ministers of the Six Bureaus. (Forty strings in office salary; silk as for the entry above.) The Directors of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and of the Imperial Clan Court. (acting appointment, thirty-eight strings; substantive appointment, thirty-five strings; probationary appointment, thirty-two strings. Spring and winter clothing followed each post's rank in the table.)
21
殿
The Director of the Secretariat. (acting appointment, forty-two strings; substantive appointment, thirty-eight strings; probationary appointment, thirty-five strings.) The Directors of the Seven Courts and the Chancellor of the Directorate of Education. (acting appointment, thirty-five strings; substantive appointment, thirty-two strings; probationary appointment, thirty strings.) The Vice Directors of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and of the Imperial Clan Court, and the Secretariat Vice Director. (acting appointment, thirty-two strings; substantive appointment, thirty strings; probationary appointment, twenty-eight strings.) The Secretariat-Chancellery Director of Miscellaneous Affairs for the Various Offices, and the Left and Right Bureau Directors. (acting appointment, forty strings; substantive appointment, thirty-seven strings; probationary appointment, thirty-five strings.) The Vice Chancellor of the Directorate of Education and the Directors of the Palace Workshop, Construction, and Armory. (acting appointment, thirty-two strings; substantive appointment, thirty strings; probationary appointment, twenty-eight strings.) The Junior Chamberlain of the Heir Apparent. (acting appointment, thirty-five strings; substantive appointment, thirty-two strings; probationary appointment, thirty strings.) The Left and Right Mentors of the Heir Apparent. (acting appointment, thirty-three strings; substantive appointment, thirty strings; probationary appointment, twenty-nine strings;) The Gentleman for Recording Imperial Actions, the Imperial Action Recorder, and the Attending Censor. (acting appointment, thirty-seven strings; substantive appointment, thirty-five strings; probationary appointment, thirty-two strings.) The Left and Right Vice Bureau Directors and the Bureau Directors of the Six Bureaus. (The same as above.) The Palace Attending Censor and the Left and Right Bureau Remonstrators. (acting appointment, thirty-five strings; substantive appointment, thirty-two strings; probationary appointment, thirty strings.)
22
簿簿簿 簿簿 簿
The Left and Right Rectifiers. (acting appointment, thirty-two strings; substantive appointment, thirty strings; probationary appointment, twenty-seven strings.) Vice Directors of the various bureaus. (The same as for Bureau Remonstrators.) The Vice Directors of the Palace Workshop, Construction, and Armory. (acting appointment, thirty strings; substantive appointment, twenty-eight strings; probationary appointment, twenty-five strings.) The Heir Apparent's Reader-in-Ordinary and Lecturer-in-Ordinary. (acting appointment, twenty-five strings; substantive appointment, twenty-two strings; probationary appointment, twenty strings.) The Supervisory Censor. (The same as for the Left and Right Rectifiers.) The Middle Attendant and Attendant of the Heir Apparent. (acting appointment, twenty strings; substantive appointment, nineteen strings; probationary appointment, eighteen strings.) The Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, the Director of the Imperial Medical Service, the Vice Director of the Imperial Clan Court, the Acting Vice Director of the Grand Imperial Clan Court, the Vice Secretary, the Directing Judge of Judicial Review, and the Compiler. (acting appointment, twenty-five strings; substantive appointment, twenty-two strings; probationary appointment, twenty strings. Under a Shaoxing 1 directive, Gentlemen for Exhorting Morals serving in archives posts, vice directors, registrars, and reviewers of temples and directorates, censorate legal examiners and chief clerks, and temple registrars, directors, and case reviewers received an added sixteen strings in office salary, with a further directive granting three piculs of rice each month as a special disbursement.) The Vice Directors of the Seven Courts. (acting appointment, twenty-two strings; substantive appointment, twenty strings.) The Secretary. (acting appointment, twenty-two strings; substantive appointment, twenty strings; probationary appointment, eighteen strings.) The Erudite of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. (The same as for Vice Directors of the Seven Courts.) The Assistant Compiler. (The same as for the Secretary.) The Vice Chancellor of the Directorate of Education. (The same as for Vice Directors of the Seven Courts.) The Judicial Review Inspector and Reviewing Official. (The same as for the Compiler.) The Vice Directors of the Palace Workshop, Construction, and Waterways Directorates. (acting appointment, twenty strings; substantive appointment, eighteen strings.) The Secretariat Proofreader; (acting appointment, eighteen strings; substantive appointment, sixteen strings; probationary appointment, fourteen strings.) The Standardizer. (acting appointment, sixteen strings; substantive appointment, fifteen strings; probationary appointment, fourteen strings.) The Censorate Legal Examiner and Chief Clerk, and the Registrars of the Nine Courts, (acting appointment, twenty strings; substantive appointment, eighteen strings.) Professors of the major and minor schools in the various princely palaces, and Erudites of the Directorate of Education and of Military Studies. (acting appointment, twenty strings; substantive appointment, eighteen strings; probationary appointment, sixteen strings. At present, stipend funds for palace instructors, praise readers, lecturers, and recorders in the various princely mansions are all paid in cash.) The Erudite of the Law School. (acting appointment, eighteen strings; substantive appointment, seventeen strings; probationary appointment, sixteen strings.) The Gentleman for Ceremonial Observance of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. (Sixteen strings.) The Supplicator of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and the Director of Suburban Sacrifices. (acting appointment, eighteen strings; substantive appointment, sixteen strings.) The Director of the Imperial Commissariat. (Sixteen strings.) The Registrars of the Five Directorates. (acting appointment, eighteen strings; substantive appointment, sixteen strings.) The Rectors and Records of the Directorate of Education and the Instructor of Military Studies. (acting appointment, eighteen strings; substantive appointment, seventeen strings; probationary appointment, sixteen strings.) The Rector of the Law School. (acting appointment, sixteen strings; substantive appointment, fifteen strings; probationary appointment, fourteen strings.)
23
綿 綿
Staff of the Bureau of Military Affairs: the Chief Reception Secretary and the Reception Secretary. (Forty strings in salary funds; thirty strings in office salary; twenty-five strings for the reception secretary. Spring clothing: one bolt of gauze, three bolts of small twill, and fifteen bolts of silk; winter clothing: five bolts of small twill, fifteen bolts of silk, and fifty ounces of cotton.) The Deputy Chief Reception Secretary. (Thirty strings in salary funds; twenty strings in office salary; fifteen strings for deputy reception secretaries and the various bureaus' deputy reception secretaries; when a bureau deputy reception secretary concurrently managed the chief reception secretariat's business, five strings were added. Spring clothing: one bolt of gauze and fifteen bolts of silk; winter silk the same; thirty ounces of cotton.) To examine and verify documents for the various bureaus. (Thirty-five strings in office salary; kitchen-food allowance of five hundred per day.) Planning and compilation officials. (Ten strings in supplemental allowance; twenty-five strings in third-grade meal conversion; kitchen-food allowance of five hundred per day.)
24
祿祿
For all functional officials, if office salary was listed without acting, substantive, or probationary rates, the acting rate applied. Functional officials' clothing followed nominal-rank precedent; where no fixed rule existed, grants matched their nominal-rank status. Office provisions and rice or wheat were paid at actual amounts; when both applied, the higher rate was granted. (Meaning office salary and rice or wheat.) Officials from Gentleman for Direct Rectitude downward who served in functional posts (Namely, the Judicial Review Inspector and Reviewing Official. The Secretariat Standardizer; Directorate of Education Erudites, Rectors, and Records; Military Studies Erudite and Instructor; and Law School Erudite and Rector.) They could also draw their rank-step regular provision and supplemental allowances. "Regular provision" meant clothing, grain, and salary funds; everything else counted as supplemental allowance.
25
殿 殿殿 殿 綿 綿 殿
Formerly a Grand Academician of the Hall for Viewing Culture received thirty strings. (Three piculs of rice and five piculs of flour.) An Academician of the Hall for Viewing Culture and Grand Academicians of the Halls for Assisting Governance and Preserving Harmony received twenty strings. (Three piculs of rice and five piculs of flour.) Academicians of the Halls for Assisting Governance and Preserving Harmony received fifteen strings. (Three piculs of rice and five piculs of flour, as above. Five bolts each of spring and winter small twill, seventeen bolts each of silk, one bolt of spring gauze, and fifty ounces of winter cotton.) Academicians and direct academicians of the Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Writ, Treasured Writ, Displaying Counsel, Manifest Worth, and Fixing the Text halls received fifteen strings. (Three bolts each of spring and winter small twill, fifteen bolts each of silk, one bolt of spring gauze, and fifty ounces of winter cotton.) Stipendiaries of the Hall for Preserving Harmony and of the Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Writ, Treasured Writ, Displaying Counsel, Manifest Worth, and Fixing the Text halls received the same.
26
殿 殿殿 殿 綿 殿 綿 綿 殿 綿 綿 殿殿
Earlier in Daguan some complained that supplemental pay was uneven; thereafter, from academicians downward it was renamed attached-office salary, beginning with the Grand Academician of the Hall for Viewing Culture: (One hundred strings in attached-office salary; twenty-five piculs each of rice and wheat; three piculs of supplemental rice and five of flour; two jin of ten-thousand-character tea.) Academician of the Hall for Viewing Culture; Grand Academicians of the Halls for Assisting Governance and Preserving Harmony; (Eighty strings in attached-office salary; rice and wheat as above; ten strings in supplemental allowance; supplemental rice and flour as above.) Academicians of the Halls for Assisting Governance and Preserving Harmony; (Seventy strings in attached-office salary; rice and wheat as above; supplemental rice and flour as above; two jin of ten-thousand-character tea; five bolts each of spring and winter twill, seventeen bolts of silk, and fifty ounces of cotton. One bolt of gauze.) Academician of the Duanming Hall; (Fifty strings in attached-office salary; twenty piculs of rice and wheat; three piculs of supplemental rice and five of flour; two jin of ten-thousand-character tea; five bolts each of spring and winter twill and seventeen bolts of silk. One bolt of gauze and fifty ounces of winter cotton.) Academicians of the Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Writ, Treasured Writ, Displaying Counsel, Manifest Worth, and Fixing the Text halls; Direct Academician of the Bureau of Military Affairs; (Positive third rank: forty strings in attached-office salary; ten piculs each of rice and wheat; two piculs of supplemental rice and five of flour; two jin of ten-thousand-character tea; five bolts each of spring and winter twill, seventeen bolts of silk, one bolt of spring gauze, and fifty ounces of winter cotton.) Direct academicians of the Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Writ, Treasured Writ, Manifest Worth, and Fixing the Text halls; stipendiary of the Hall for Preserving Harmony; (Thirty strings in attached-office salary; seventeen piculs five dou each of rice and wheat; three bolts each of spring and winter twill, fifteen bolts of silk, one bolt of spring gauze, and fifty ounces of winter cotton.) Stipendiaries of the Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Writ, Treasured Writ, Displaying Counsel, Manifest Worth, and Fixing the Text halls; (Twenty strings in attached-office salary; twelve piculs five dou each of rice and wheat; three bolts each of spring and winter twill, fifteen bolts of silk, one bolt of spring gauze, and fifty ounces of winter cotton.) Compilers of the Halls for Assembling Excellence and Right Writ, and the Secret Pavilion Compiler; (For the above posts, fifteen strings each in attached-office salary.) Direct Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Writ, and Treasured Writ Pavilions; Direct Displaying Counsel, Manifest Worth, and Fixing the Text Pavilions; and Direct Secret Pavilion. (For the above posts, ten strings each in attached-office salary.)
27
殿殿 殿 簿簿 簿
In the Xuanhe period attached-office salary was discontinued and supplemental allowances returned to the older schedule. Shaoxing adopted the same rule: from Grand Academician of the Hall for Viewing Culture through Grand Academician of the Hall for Preserving Harmony, salary funds and spring and winter clothing followed the substantive post; from Academician of the Hall for Assisting Governance through stipendiary, salary funds followed the substantive post, while spring and winter clothing took whichever allowance was greater. Academicians' supplemental allowance went to former chief administrators and above whether serving in the capital or in the provinces; all others received it only in the capital, not on provincial assignment. Rice, flour, tea, charcoal, presentation horses, and attendant clothing were granted both in the capital and in the provinces. Wine, supplemental allowance, and horse fodder were not granted on provincial assignment. Some drew supplemental allowance under ancestral precedent, (for example, functional officials from Six Bureau ministers downward received kitchen-food money in four grades from fifteen to nine strings, all per Xuanhe directives. Compilation officials received meal-conversion money: the Supervisor of the National History, forty thousand cash; History Office compilers, Direct History Office, and provincial chiefs and deputies, thirty-seven strings five hundred; reviewers and compilers, thirty-five strings — all per longstanding precedent.) Others received supplemental allowance by special edict. Under the Shaoxing 1 directive, holders of archives posts, temple and directorate vice directors, registrars, and reviewers, censorate legal examiners and chief clerks, temple directors and case reviewers, and erudites received an added ten strings in office salary. Under the year-6 directive, vice directors of the Five Courts, Three Directorates, Secretariat, and Court of the Imperial Clan; the Court of Imperial Sacrifices Erudite; compilers, Secretariat proofreaders, assistant compilers, standardizers, and Judicial Review director, inspector, and reviewing official; the censorate chief clerk; text revisers; and staff of the Inspection, Drum, and Memorial Announcement courts received three piculs of rice as a special disbursement; Planning and Compilation Officials received two piculs.
28
祿 使 使祿祿 使 使使 使祿 祿祿 使使 使使 殿使 使
Grain salary, personal attendants, and attendants: the chancellor received one hundred piculs; under Shaoxing the Three Excellencies, Palace Attendant, Secretarial and Palace Directors, and Left and Right Grand Councilors with Concurrent Councilor in the Department of State Affairs all counted as chancellor. Seventy personal attendants. The Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs, Vice Grand Councilor, Vice Commissioner, and Associate Commissioner each received one hundred piculs and fifty personal attendants. The Grand and Junior Preceptors, Tutors, and Protectors received one hundred piculs each; under the old regulations they had received one hundred fifty piculs. One hundred personal attendants. The Grand Marshal received one hundred piculs and fifty personal attendants. For military commissioners, grain salary is already set out under salary categories. Fifty original followers; the commissioner for court announcement likewise had fifty original followers. Observation and defense commissioners each had thirty original followers. For the training commissioner and all ranks above, stipends are already listed under salary categories. Thirty original followers. Prefects of the various prefectures — the same as above. Twenty original followers; for the Grandee for Court Service, Grandee for Direct Attendance, Grandee for Proclaiming Rectitude, and the Grandees for Upholding Rectitude, Coordinating Loyalty, Central Attendance, and Central Brightness, grain salary and attendants are already listed under salary categories. Commanders-in-chief of the Sun-Upholding and Heavenly Martial left and right wings holding distant-prefecture training commissioner titles received fifty piculs and ten attendants. (The same applied to Dragon Guard and Divine Guard right wing commanders-in-chief holding distant-prefecture training commissioner titles.) The chief aide of the Hall Direct Guards of the Palace Forecourt and army commanders-in-chief with distant-prefecture prefect titles received twenty-five piculs and five attendants. (The same applied to Dragon Guard and Divine Guard army commanders-in-chief holding distant-prefecture prefect titles.)
29
殿 殿殿 殿
Academicians supplemental rice appears above; recorded here: the Grand Academician of the Hall for Viewing Culture had twenty attendants. The Academician of the Hall for Viewing Culture and Grand Academicians of the Halls for Assisting Governance and Preserving Harmony had ten attendants each. Academicians of the Halls for Assisting Governance and Preserving Harmony and of the Dragon Diagram, Heavenly Writ, Treasured Writ, Displaying Counsel, Manifest Worth, and Fixing the Text halls had seven attendants each. The Bureau of Military Affairs Chief Reception Secretary had ten attendants; the Deputy Chief Reception Secretary and the various bureaus deputy reception secretaries had seven. All other capital-area prefects and magistrates and secretariat and precinct staff received graded allotments from ten, seven, and five piculs down to two piculs. Behind the Central Secretariat hall, the officials who superintended the five bureaus and each bureau's deputy edict receivers were allotted fixed numbers of attendants, ranging from seven or five down to one. These arrangements followed earlier practice and are already recorded in the older histories. In general, chancellors and chief administrators received personal attendants; from the Grand Commandant down to regional inspectors they received primary attendants; all other officials received only retainers.
30
祿 綿
Under the Shaoxing commutation rules, for every picul of salary grain six dou of fine rice and wheat were paid in commuted form. For troop administrators the allotment was six-tenths rice and four-tenths wheat. Rations for personal attendants, primary attendants, and retainers were commuted at thirty cash per dou; silk and satin clothing was reckoned at one string per bolt. Plain cloth was valued at three hundred fifty cash per bolt and cotton at forty cash per ounce.
31
Public-Use Funds
32
使使 使 使 使 使 使 祿 西
Military commissioners who also held concurrent envoy-chancellor titles could receive as much as twenty thousand strings. The next tier ranged from ten thousand strings down to seven thousand, in four grades. Military commissioners received from ten thousand strings down to three thousand, in four grades. Acting deputies for military and observation commissioners received from five thousand strings down to two thousand, in four grades. Observation commissioners received from three thousand strings down to two thousand five hundred, in two grades. Defense commissioners received from three thousand strings down to one thousand five hundred, in four grades. Training commissioners received from two thousand strings down to one thousand, in three grades. Regional inspectors received from one thousand five hundred strings down to five hundred, in three grades. Some offices received no allotment at all. (Observation commissioners and below who held Palace Guard academy posts received nothing.) Capital-area prefects on vital frontiers who received supplemental payments continued at the same rate after removal; all were paid monthly like regular salaries. In Xianping 5, all prefectures in Hebei, Hedong, and Shaanxi were ordered to pay quarterly.]
33
使 使 使
Monthly grants in the capital: the Commissioner of the Yuqing Zhaoying Palace received one hundred thousand cash. The Commissioner of the Jingling Palace and the Chongwen Academy each received seventy thousand cash. The Commissioner of the Huiling Observatory received sixty thousand cash. The chief superintendent of the Xiangyuan Observatory received fifty thousand cash. The Censorate received three hundred thousand cash. The Court of Judicial Review received two hundred fifty-three thousand cash. The Ministry of Justice received ninety-six thousand cash. The Drafting Academy received twenty thousand cash. The Court of Imperial Sacrifices received twenty-five thousand cash and the Imperial Archives twenty thousand. The Imperial Clan Court received fifteen thousand cash. The Court of Imperial Sacrifices Rites Institute and the Daily Records Institute each received ten thousand cash. The Gate Department, the Petition Review and Drum institutes, the Patent Office, and the Three-Rank Institute each received fifty thousand cash.
34
使
Annual grants went to the Secretariat Directorate, Silver Terrace Office, Judicial Review Institute, and the intendant of bureau storehouses; each received thirty thousand cash, replenished when spent, with no fixed term; Other civil and military officials in regular audience who served as inner-court appointees as prefects received annual grants from five thousand to one hundred thousand cash in thirteen grades, disbursed on registers countersigned by the chief administrator and vice prefect; Vice directors of courts and commissions and above could receive supplements from ten thousand up to one hundred thousand cash. In the ninth month of Chunhua 1, where prefectures, armies, directorates, and counties had no public-use funds, birthday and amnesty festivals brought tea-banquet grants: military commissioner prefectures one hundred thousand cash, defense/training/inspector prefectures fifty thousand, directorates and Sanquan County thirty thousand, and in Lingnan ten thousand cash to staff officials acting as prefect.
35
使 使 使 使 使
Civil and military officials on foreign missions and feudatory prefects attending court were supplied traveling provisions, with graded entourages of guest secretaries, military aides, personal attendants, yamen officers, horses, donkeys, and camels: military and observation commissioners received guest secretaries and the ranks below; Central Secretariat, Bureau of Military Affairs, and Three Departments commissioners had personal attendants but no yamen officers or military aides; Bureau commissioners and above had military aides and camels. All others had yamen officers, horses, and donkeys.) Only military and observation commissioners had guest secretaries. Prefectural offices, envoys from the four frontier peoples, and bureau officials on attending duty also received grants. Frontier missions used ranks such as interpreter, liaison, clerk, exchange physician, ten-coupon head, chief, deployment officer, and junior attendant; tribute envoys used hall head, sub-captain, boat-pusher, and patrol officer; attending officials had retainers.
36
使
Metropolitan officials and Three-Rank appointees serving outside the capital without supplemental grants received only continuing allotments. Capital prefectural investigators in the metropolitan circuit, secretariat staff, and prefectural or county officials who left their jurisdiction to audit revenue grain or review criminal cases all received travel vouchers. Appointees to the Sichuan gorges received relay vouchers; those bound for Fujian and Guangnan received warehouse vouchers en route and relay vouchers after entering their circuit; all vouchers expired on reaching post. When the emperor traveled, accompanying ministers from the Central Secretariat, Bureau of Military Affairs, and Three Departments received lodge vouchers; all other officials received warehouse vouchers.
37
使
Under Zhou, ministers and below held tax-exempt gui fields; Jin had fodder fields; Northern Wei gave steward officials public fields; Northern Qi graded public fields below first rank; Tang allotted duty fields to civil officials inside and outside the capital; since the Five Dynasties the practice had lapsed. During the Xianping period, the palace libraries were ordered to collate historical precedents. They submitted a fixed system, supplying fields from official estates and long-abandoned fugitive holdings. All such land was exempted from rent and tax; tenants were drawn from migrant laborers; collected rents were shared equally according to local village practice. Prefectural and county chief administrators received half the yield. The remainder was allotted by rank. The two capitals and major prefectures received forty qing; secondary prefectures thirty-five; defense and training prefectures thirty; middle and upper inspector prefectures twenty; lower prefectures, armies, and directorates fifteen; remote small prefectures and upper counties ten; middle counties eight; lower counties seven; transport commissioners and deputies ten; army commanders, stockade chiefs, administrative officers, recording secretaries, and judicial clerks were matched to vice prefects and secretariat staff and allotted proportionally.
38
殿
In the seventh month of Jingde 2, prefectural duty fields damaged by disaster were to have rents remitted according to precedent. In Dazhong Xiangfu 9, Palace Attendant Censor Wang Qi proposed surrendering duty fields empire-wide to fund relief grain. The emperor said, "Qi does not understand how grants and returns are supposed to work. Yet whenever I read the Judicial Review Court's reports, outer officials' holdings often exceed the old quotas; they cannot supply their own oxen and seed, and in flood or drought they fail to reduce collections, leaving the people with nowhere to turn." Qi's proposal was rejected, and an edict of admonition was issued.
39
During the Tiansheng period, the emperor worried that duty-field allotments were uneven and that clerks often over-collected and harmed the people; an edict abolished duty fields empire-wide, required annual rents to be sent to government, reported to the Three Departments, valued in cash, and distributed evenly. While the court was still debating implementation, Emperor Renzong reviewed case files, saw how many officials had been ruined by bribery, and was deeply moved; he ordered duty fields restored, forbade seizing excess tenants or assigning rents without land, and made violations a capital corruption offense.
40
滿 簿滿 簿 使 簿
More than ten years later, in the Qingli period, an edict capped duty fields and the responsible offices first reported fixed quotas. For major prefectures: chief administrators twenty qing, vice prefects eight, judicial officials five, secretariat staff four. For military commissioner prefectures: chief administrators fifteen qing, vice prefects seven, judicial officials four, secretariat staff three qing fifty mu. For defense and training prefectures and lower armies: chief administrators ten qing, vice prefects six, judicial officials three qing fifty mu, secretariat staff three qing. Other armies and directorates: chief administrators seven qing; judicial and secretariat staff matched defense and training prefectures below. County magistrates: six qing for counties of ten thousand households or more, five for five thousand or more, four for fewer than five thousand. Registrars and precinct captains: three qing for ten thousand households or more, two qing fifty mu for five thousand or more, two qing below five thousand. Recording secretaries matched their prefecture's judicial officials. Department clerks matched suburban registrars and precinct captains. Dispatch establishment commissioners, transport deputies, and military circuit commanders matched military commissioner prefecture administrators. Dispatch establishment judicial officials matched major prefectural vice prefects. Pacification and circuit chief supervisors matched military commissioner vice prefects. Major prefectural chief supervisors matched their prefecture's judicial officials. Chief transport superintendents on the Yellow Bian and Xu-Ru Stone Pond rivers matched military commissioner judicial officials. From military commissioner prefectures down through armies and directorates, circuit mobile receivers, stockade chiefs, unified assistant inspectors, theft intendants, horse intendants, and chief river patrol officers could not exceed military commissioner judicial officials. In-prefecture superintendents, transport urging and dispatch, private tea-and-salt patrols, and moored theft-capture posts could not exceed registrars and precinct captains. Thereafter quotas were fixed for officials and scholars alike, and prosecutions for duty-field abuses came far closer to the intended standard than before.
41
In the Xining period, another edict ordered a detailed revision:
42
簿 滿 滿 簿 簿滿
Great prefectures governed directly included the three capitals plus Jingzhao, Chengdu, Taiyuan, Jingnan, and Jiangning, and Yan'an, Qin, Yang, Hang, Tan, and Guang prefectures. Twenty qing; military commissioner prefectures fifteen; other prefectures and the armies Huaiyang, Wuwei, Linjiang, Guangde, Xingguo, Nankang, Nan'an, Jianchang, Shaowu, and Xinghua each received ten qing; other small armies and directorates seven qing. Vice prefects: eight qing in feudatory prefectures, seven in military commissioner prefectures, six in other prefectures. Garrison, military, and observation commissioners' judicial officials: five qing in feudatory prefectures, four in military commissioner prefectures. Secretariat staff from the recorder down: three qing fifty mu. Defense and training investigating officials and army or directorate judicial officials: three qing. Magistrates, assistants, registrars, and precinct captains. For counties of ten thousand households or more: magistrates six qing, assistants four; Below ten thousand households: magistrates five qing, assistants three; Below five thousand households: magistrates four qing, assistants two qing fifty mu. Registrars and precinct captains received half the magistrate's allotment. Recording secretaries in feudatory and military commissioner prefectures matched their prefecture's judicial officials; others matched secretariat staff. Department clerks in feudatory and military commissioner prefectures matched registrars and captains in ten-thousand-household counties; others matched counties below that threshold.
43
使 滿
Dispatch and transport commissioners and deputies matched military commissioner prefects. Kaifeng circuit intendants matched other prefectures. Dispatch and transport judicial officials and Ever-Normal Granary intendants matched feudatory vice prefects. Associate intendants matched magistrates of ten-thousand-household counties. Officers handling routine affairs in the Dispatch Transport Bureau matched military commissioner vice prefects in their office-land allotments. Transport circuit document supervisors, penal intendant judicial examiners, and Ever-Normal Granary routine officers were allotted like magistrates of counties with fewer than ten thousand households. Chief escort supervisors on the Cai and Xu-Ru canals, policy text managers, and Kaifeng circuit intendant routine officers matched military commissioner judicial officials.
44
簿
Overall supervisors received the same allotment as military commissioner prefects. Circuit security commissioners matched prefects in ordinary prefectures. Pacification commissioners, circuit military superintendents, and prefectural security commissioners were allotted like military commissioner vice prefects. Military superintendents in feudatory prefectures matched their prefecture's judicial officials. Chief commanders on the circuits matched circuit military superintendents; deputy commanders matched feudatory military superintendents. Palace relay commissioners, prefectural military superintendents, chief joint patrol officers, and chief river patrol officers alike matched military commissioner judicial officials. Inspectors, fort and stockade superintendents, stockade chiefs, prefectural supervisors of escort and dispatch duties, private tea-and-salt patrols, and moored bandit-capture posts were all allotted like secretariat staff. Relay-station patrol officers, dike supervisors, and supervisors in counties, markets, and stockades matched their county registrars and precinct captains. Prefectural instructors on the circuits: metropolitan appointees matched their prefecture's judicial officials, while selected officials matched its department clerks.
45
使 使 使 使 使 使 使 使 簿 使
Another edict ordered that the Chengdu circuit penal intendant office, drawing on the circuit's office lands, require each prefecture and garrison yearly to collect subsidiary yields of rice, wheat, and similar crops and convert them to cash; the office would then reckon the circuit-wide cash receipts into grain equivalents and distribute allotments by rank. The edict took effect from Xining 3. The Chengdu prefect received one thousand piculs. The transport commissioner received six hundred piculs. Each of the two security commissioners received five hundred piculs. The transport judicial official matched a security commissioner. Each of the two vice prefects received four hundred fifty piculs. Co-signers, section and investigation pushers, record keepers, grain-supply handlers, military stores supervisors, superintendents, chief inspectors, and inspectors all counted as great envoys. Palace relay commissioners and metropolitan appointees serving as county magistrates each received two hundred piculs. Inner-service officials at Two-Envoy controller rank or higher received the same amount. Those of initial rank or on provisional appointment received one hundred fifty piculs each. Supervisors of commercial tax, market-sale bureaus, and exchange-note offices, when metropolitan officials or great envoys held the post. They were allotted like regular office-holding officials. Outer-city inspectors, shore-dispatch supervisors, and inspectors in the ten counties, (when filled by Third-Rank envoys.) Each received one hundred fifty piculs. Judicial, household, and law clerks and the prefectural instructor, (when holding a regular edict appointment.) Supervisors of the armor and weapons storehouse each received one hundred piculs. Prefects of Mei, Shu, Peng, Ya, Qiong, Jia, Jian, and Ling and of Yongkang Army matched Chengdu vice prefects. Their vice prefects received one-third less. Prefects of Wei, Li, and Mao matched the vice prefects of Mei and Shu. Their superintendents, detention supervisors, moored posts, and chief inspectors, (when filled by great envoys.) Co-signers and pushing and judicial officials, (when they were Two-Envoy office officials at controller rank or higher.) Record keepers, metropolitan and office-holding county magistrates, and supervisors of stockade mouths and markets, when held by metropolitan appointees. They matched Chengdu office-holding officials. Detention supervisors, inspectors, associate inspectors, and moored posts, when filled by Third-Rank envoys. Initial-rank or provisional office officials, recording secretaries, county magistrates, and probationary-title magistrates matched Chengdu's outer-city inspectors. Judicial, household, and law clerks, chief registrars and precinct captains in the counties, supervisors of market posts and selected tax and salt supervisors, and relay-station patrol officers, (when filled by Third-Rank envoys.) They matched Chengdu department clerks. County magistrates and assistants serving only as provisional staff substitutes received no allotment. In good or bad harvest years the totals ran short or long, and allotments were raised or lowered accordingly by rank. Initially Acting Censor-in-Chief Lü Hui and Supervising Censor Liu Shu were ordered to equalize office lands across the Chengdu, Zi, Li, and Kui circuits. Because subsidiary yields of rice, wheat, mulberry silk, hemp, bamboo, and the like varied locally in Chengdu circuit, they converted actual values into a single rice standard at a median price of one hundred twenty cash per dou and distributed graded allotments from the Chengdu prefect down through the staff. When a second edict called for revision, the other three circuits produced smaller totals and could not divide evenly; the ministers reported the Chengdu circuit figures as the basis, the Secretariat reviewed them again, and this edict resulted.
46
便
During Yuanfeng, officials in the Xihe, Jingyuan, and Lanzhou circuits were ordered to receive ten thousand cash in paper notes per qing of office land each year. Original grants and newly opened districts were used to recruit archer militia and set aside garrison farms. In Yuanfu 3, Du Zimin, a Court Gentleman for Scattered Service, submitted: "The office-land system has long been troubled by unequal shares. Emperor Shenzong first reformed the Two Chuan system so that superiors and subordinates were not separately endowed, to the convenience of the whole circuit. Under Yuanyou this approach was extended nationwide, replacing the term-limit system with equalized grants. Greedy scholar-officials wore themselves out racing deadlines or traded letters and patronage to win provisional posts; scrambling for office flourished and a sense of shame decayed. He asked that the Yuanfeng equal-grant system be restored to sustain official integrity." The court approved.
47
In Daguan 4, a ministerial official argued: "Gui fields are meant to sustain integrity, but without safeguards the greedy will only be emboldened. Corrupt clerks exploited disputes over rich and poor land for private gain; allotments were fixed but collections knew no limit. The founders had feared this abuse and assigned penal intendant officials to oversee it without granting them gui rent, so they would not share the profit and split their loyalty. In recent years penal intendant officials had received gui rent like other offices, so years of abuses never reached the throne. Under the old Yuanfeng rules, judicial examiners were subordinates and should be allotted according to their superiors. From early Yuanyou, Ever-Normal Granary duties were folded into the penal intendant office, which also compiled statutes; the intendant officials' allotments were reassigned to the penal intendant office under revised rules, and judicial examiners shared in them." An edict ordered a return to the former law.
48
滿滿 西 簿
In Zhenghe 8, a ministerial official reported: "Because county magistrate appointments were undervalued, the Ministry of Revenue had ordered successive increases of one qing of office land from counties below five thousand households up to those of ten thousand. Gui rent across the empire had long been uneven, and magistrates' shares were no less disparate. Some reached nine hundred piculs, as at Gaoyuan in Zi prefecture; eight hundred, as at Jiangyin in Chang prefecture; six hundred at Yixing in Chang prefecture. Another county also received six hundred piculs. Below that level allotments ran to four or five hundred piculs, or two or three hundred. In Hebei, the capital circuits, and the Jing-Hu region, some counties received as little as twenty or thirty piculs; parts of the Two Guang and Fujian had never had gui rent at all; in the four Sichuan circuits, from prefects and vice prefects down to registrars and captains, the circuit's annual intake was pooled, so no magistrate could keep a private share. How could a blanket increase of one qing everywhere be feasible?" An edict ordered prompt assignment wherever a magistrate's office land fell short of the prescribed acreage.
49
使
In an undated Xuanhe edict: "Circuit officials each hold office land to sustain integrity. Counties were to lease plots to client and tax households and share the rent, with disaster inspections to reduce levies — measures meant to curb greed. Many counties covertly forced ward chiefs and prosperous households to take up leases and pay rent on their behalf. Regardless of actual yield, they demanded full payment, sometimes from people who did not even know where the fields lay and who falsely acknowledged rent. The emperor was deeply troubled to hear it. Illegal coercion or sham delegation to ward chiefs was to be punished as violation of an edict; failure to remit rent after disaster inspection was to be prosecuted for illicit gain under the statute on bending the law; and personal appropriation was to be treated as self-theft."
50
簿 使
In Jingkang 1, an edict ordered that wherever office-land rent remained on paper after the fields were lost, the rent quota was to be canceled. During Shaoxing, fearing uneven shares, the court ordered circuit penal intendant offices to assign land by law; where officials outnumbered fields, neighboring prefectures and counties were to make up the shortfall until quotas were met. Another edict required reassignment of idle fields held by other offices' staff, beginning with registrars and precinct captains. Selected officials and petty envoys serving among the people without office land each received ten strings per month in tea-and-broth allowance. Even those with office land were topped up to ten strings a month when their rent fell short, to strengthen the benefit meant to sustain integrity. To spare the people, vice prefects and magistrates were charged to verify holdings, remove land that could not be farmed, and cut excessive fixed quotas. Office rent could not be casually collected by ward chiefs, commuted under coercion to cash, levied where no land existed, extorted through fictitious figures, or taken above quota — strict prohibitions were proclaimed for all such abuses. Supervisory commissioners were to investigate, and offenders were to be punished for illicit gain — measures against corruption. Office lands were briefly abolished and then restored, briefly seized and soon returned, diverted to grain purchases or horse fodder and then quickly exempted again — each reversal meant to show favor while urging clean conduct.
51
使 西 使 滿 滿 滿滿 使 滿滿簿 滿滿簿 滿簿
The prescribed acreage was set by fixed rules: prefects of feudatory prefectures, (namely the Three Capitals, Yingchang, Jingzhao, Chengdu, Taiyuan, Jiankang, Jiangling, Yan'an, Xingren Longde, Kaide, and Lin'an prefectures, and Qin, Yang, Tan, and Guang prefectures.) They received twenty qing. Deputies of the dispatched and encirclement transport commissioners, overall and deputy overall commanders, and intendants of military commissioner prefectures each received fifteen qing of office land. Intendants of other prefectures and of the Guangji, Huaiyang, Wuwei, Linjiang, Guangde, Xingguo, Nankang, Nan'an, Jianchang, Shaowu, Xinghua, Hanyang, and Yongkang armies, together with circuit branch commissioners, each received ten qing. Transport and circuit transport judicial officials, salt commissioners for Huainan, Liang-Zhe, Jiangnan, eastern and western Jing-Hu, and Hebei, and vice prefects of feudatory superior prefectures each received eight qing. Commanders of other armies and directorates, vice prefects at military commissioner prefectures, commissioners, pacification deputies, overall and circuit overall supervisors, general officers, and transport bureau managers each received seven qing. Vice prefects of other prefectures and armies and magistrates of counties with ten thousand households or more each received six qing. Judicial officials of feudatory superior prefectures, recording adjutants, and prefectural school professors, (all meaning appointees of Gentleman for Attending to Duty rank and above.) Overall supervisors, transport and circuit transport bureau clerical managers, magistrates of counties with five thousand households or more, and deputy general officers each received five qing. Judicial officials of military commissioner prefectures, recording adjutants, and prefectural school professors, (all meaning appointees of Gentleman for Attending to Duty rank and above.) Circuit transport account managers, magistrates of counties under five thousand households, assistant magistrates of ten-thousand-household counties, other prefectural overall supervisors, horseback imperial commissioners, military-plan clerks, co-patrol inspectors, grand river patrol officers, and horse-pasture intendants each received four qing. Military commissioner secretaries, observation branch commissioners, investigating officials at feudatory and military commissioner superior prefectures, patrol inspectors, county, market, and stockade supervisors and chiefs, private tea-and-salt patrols, moored bandit-capture posts, in-city custodial officers, and other prefectural judicial officials and school professors, (all meaning appointees of Gentleman for Attending to Duty rank and above.) Overall supervisors of armies and directorates received three qing and fifty mu. Army and directorate judicial officials, other prefectural investigating officials, recording adjutants in other prefectures, armies, and directorates, patrol inspectors, county, market, and stockade supervisors and chiefs, private tea-and-salt patrols, moored bandit-capture posts, in-city custodial officers, secretariat staff at feudatory and military commissioner superior prefectures, and prefectural school professors, (meaning appointees of Gentleman for Direct Service rank and below.) Assistant magistrates of five-thousand-household counties, registrars and constables of ten-thousand-household counties, horse-relay patrol officers, and county, market, and stockade custodial and dike officers each received three qing. Secretariat staff of other prefectures, armies, and directorates, and prefectural school professors, (meaning appointees of Gentleman for Direct Service rank and below.) Assistant magistrates of counties under five thousand households, registrars and constables of five-thousand-household counties, horse-relay patrol officers, and county, market, and stockade custodial and dike officers each received two qing and fifty mu. Registrars and constables of counties under five thousand households, horse-relay patrol officers, and county, market, and stockade custodial and dike officers each received two qing.
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