1
禁軍上
The Palace Guards, Part One
2
宋之兵制，大概有三：天子之衛兵，以守京師，備征戍，曰禁軍； 諸州之鎮兵，以分給役使，曰廂軍； 選於戶籍或應募，使之團結訓練，以爲在所防守，則曰鄉兵。 又有蕃兵，其法始于國初，具籍塞下，團結以爲藩籬之兵； 其後分隊伍，給旗幟，繕營堡，備器械，一律以鄉兵之制。 今因舊史纂修《兵志》，特置於熙寧保甲之前，而附之鄉兵焉。
Song military organization fell broadly into three categories: the emperor's personal guard, stationed at the capital for defense and ready for campaign or frontier service—the Palace Army; prefectural garrison forces assigned to local labor and duties—the Garrison Army; men drawn from household registers or by recruitment, organized and trained for local defense where they served—the Militia. There were also tribal frontier forces. The practice dated to the dynasty's founding: men along the border passes were registered and organized as a defensive screen. Later they were divided into units, issued banners, fortified camps, and supplied with arms—all on the same model as the militia. In compiling this Military Treatise from earlier histories, we place the tribal forces before the Xining-era baojia reforms and group them with the militia.
3
其軍政，則有召募、揀選、廩給、訓練、屯戍、遷補、器甲、馬政八者之目，條分而著之，以見歷朝因革損益之不同，而世道之盛衰亦具是矣。
Military administration is treated under eight headings—recruitment, selection, rations, training, garrison duty, promotion, arms and armor, and horse policy—each set out in detail so that changes from reign to reign may be seen, and with them the waxing and waning of the times.
4
嗟乎！ 三代遠矣。 秦、漢而下得寓兵于農之遺意者，惟唐府衛爲近之。 府衛變而召募，因循姑息，至於藩鎮盛而唐以亡。 更曆五代，亂亡相踵，未有不由於兵者。 太祖起戎行，有天下，收四方勁兵，列營京畿，以備宿衛，分番屯戍，以捍邊圉。 于時將帥之臣入奉朝請，獷暴之民收隸尺籍，雖有桀驁恣肆，而無所施於其間。 凡其制，爲什長之法，階級之辨，使之內外相維，上下相制，截然而不可犯者，是雖以矯累朝藩鎮之弊，而其所懲者深矣。
Alas! The age of the Three Dynasties lies far behind us. From Qin and Han onward, only the Tang fubing system came close to the old ideal of farmer-soldiers. When the fubing gave way to hired armies and indulgent neglect, the military governors grew strong—and Tang fell. Through the Five Dynasties, chaos and collapse followed in unbroken succession—always through the misuse of military power. Taizu rose from military life to win the empire. He gathered the best troops from every region, encamped them around the capital as the imperial guard, and rotated detachments to the frontier to hold the borders. Commanders then attended court in person; unruly men were brought under the rolls. Even the proud and violent had no room to act. The system relied on squad leaders, clear ranks, and mutual checks between inner and outer, superior and subordinate—so tight that no one could break it. This corrected centuries of military-governor abuse, but the lesson it taught ran deep.
5
咸平以後，承平既久，武備漸寬。 仁宗之世，西兵招刺太多，將驕士惰，徒耗國用，憂世之士屢以爲言，竟莫之改。 神宗奮然更制，於是聯比其民以爲保甲，部分諸路以隸將兵，雖不能盡拯其弊，而亦足以作一時之氣。 時其所任者，王安石也。 元祐、紹聖遵守成憲。 迨崇甯、大觀間，增額日廣而乏精銳，故無益于靖康之變。 時其所任者，童貫也。 建炎南渡，收潰卒，招群盜，以開元帥府。 其初兵不滿萬，用張、韓、劉、岳爲將，而軍聲以振。 及秦檜主和議，士氣遂沮。 孝宗有志興復而未能。 光、寧以後，募兵雖衆，土宇日蹙，況上無馭將之術，而將有中制之嫌。 然沿邊諸壘，尚能戮力效忠，相與維持至百五十年而後亡。 雖其祖宗深仁厚澤有以固結人心，而制兵之有道，綜理之周密，於此亦可見矣。
After the Xianping era, prolonged peace led military readiness to slacken. Under Renzong, excessive recruitment for the western campaigns made generals arrogant and soldiers idle, draining the treasury. Critics spoke out again and again, but nothing changed. Shenzong boldly reformed the system, organizing the people into baojia units and restructuring circuit commands. The reforms could not cure every ill, but they restored morale for a time. The man entrusted with this was Wang Anshi. The Yuanyou and Shaosheng reigns simply followed established practice. By the Chongning and Daguan eras, quotas swelled while quality declined—so they did nothing to avert the disaster at Jingkang. The man in charge then was Tong Guan. After the Jianyan flight south, the court gathered routed troops, enlisted bandit bands, and established marshal headquarters. At first fewer than ten thousand men remained, but with Zhang, Han, Liu, and Yue as commanders the army's reputation was restored. When Qin Hui took charge of the peace talks, army morale collapsed. Xiaozong wished to recover the north but never succeeded. After Guangzong and Ningzong, armies grew but territory shrank. The court lacked skill in commanding generals, while generals feared interference from the center. Even so, frontier garrisons along the border fought on in loyalty together, holding out for a century and a half before the dynasty fell. The founders' benevolence surely helped bind loyalty, but the skill shown here in controlling armies and administering them with care is plain to see.
6
禁兵者，天子之衛兵也，殿前、侍衛二司總之。 其最親近扈從者，號諸班直，其次總於御前忠佐軍頭司、皇城司、騏驥院。 余皆以守京師、備征伐。 其在外者，非屯駐、屯泊，則就糧軍也。 太祖鑒前代之失，萃精銳于京師，雖曰增損舊制，而規模巨集遠矣。
The Palace Army were the emperor's personal guard, under the joint command of the Palace Front Bureau and the Imperial Guard Bureau. The closest escort units were called the Direct Units; others fell under the Loyal Assistants Army Head Office, the Imperial City Bureau, and the Fine Horses Court. All the rest guarded the capital and stood ready for war. Those deployed outside the capital were either stationed garrisons, encamped units, or grain-supplied frontier troops. Taizu learned from earlier dynasties' mistakes and concentrated elite troops at the capital. Though he adjusted the old system, the design was bold and far-sighted.
7
乾德二年，詔遼州降軍宜以效順、懷恩爲名。 三年四月，詔改西川感化、耀武等軍並爲虎捷。 九月，上御講武殿閱諸道兵，得萬餘人，以騎兵爲驍雄，步軍爲雄武，並隸侍衛司，且命王繼勳主之，給緡錢俾娶妻。 繼勳縱之白日掠人妻女，街使不能禁。 帝聞大怒，捕斬者百人，小黃門閻承翰見而不奏，亦杖數十。
In Qiande 2, an edict named the surrendered troops of Liaozhou the Loyal Submission and Grateful Favor regiments. In the fourth month of year 3, an edict renamed the Xichuan regiments of Ganhua, Yaowu, and others as Tiger Swift. In the ninth month the emperor reviewed troops from every circuit at the Martial Lecture Hall. More than ten thousand men were enrolled—cavalry as Valiant Elite, infantry as Valiant Martial—all under the Imperial Guard Bureau. Wang Jixun was put in command and given silk cash so the men could marry. Jixun let them seize men's wives and daughters in broad daylight, and the street commissioners could not stop them. The emperor was furious when he learned of it. A hundred men were seized and executed. The junior eunuch Yan Chenghan had witnessed the abuses but failed to report them—he too was flogged several dozen strokes.
8
開寶七年，泰甯軍節度使李從善部下及江南水軍凡千三十九人，並黥面隸籍，以歸化、歸聖爲額。
In Kaibao 7, 1,039 men from Li Congshan's Taining command and the Jiangnan navy were tattooed and enrolled under the regimental names Returned to Civilization and Returned to Sagacity.
9
太平興國二年，詔改簇御馬直曰簇御龍直，鐵騎曰日騎，龍捷曰龍衛，控鶴曰天武，虎捷曰神衛，骨钅朵子直曰御龍骨朵子直，寬衣控鶴曰寬衣天武，雄威曰雄勇，龍騎曰雄猛。 八年，改濮州平海指揮爲崇武。
In Taiping Xingguo 2, an edict renamed many guard units: Cluster Imperial Horse Direct became Cluster Imperial Dragon Direct, Iron Cavalry became Sun Cavalry, Dragon Swift became Dragon Guard, Crane Control became Heavenly Martial, Tiger Swift became Divine Guard, and so on through the rest of the listed designations. In year 8, the Puzhou Pinghai command was renamed Chongwu.
10
雍熙四年，改殿前司日騎钅屈直指揮爲捧日钅屈直，日騎改爲捧日，驍猛改爲拱辰，雄勇改爲神勇，上鐵林改爲殿前司虎翼，腰弩改爲神射，侍衛步軍司鐵林改爲侍衛司虎翼。
In Yongxi 4, numerous units were renamed: the Palace Front Bureau's Sun Cavalry Bent Spear command became Sun-Holding Bent Spear Direct; Sun Cavalry became Sun-Holding; Fierce Fierce became Bowing to the Stars; and other units received similar new designations.
11
至道元年，帝閱禁兵有挽強弩至一石五鬥，連二十發而有餘力者，顧謂左右曰：「今宇內阜安，材武間出，弧矢之妙，亦近代罕有也。」 又令騎步兵各數百，東西列陣，挽強彀弩，視其進退發矢如一，容止中節，因曰：「此殿庭間數百人爾，猶兵威可觀，況堂堂之陣數萬成列者乎！」
In Zhidao 1, during a review of the Palace Army, the emperor saw men who could draw crossbows rated at one stone five dou and fire twenty bolts in succession without tiring. He turned to his attendants and said, 'The realm is at peace, yet martial talent still appears. Such archery is rarely seen in our day.' He then had several hundred cavalry and infantry form lines east and west, draw their crossbows, and advance and retire in unison, firing as one with disciplined bearing. He said, 'These are only a few hundred men in the palace courtyard, yet their martial bearing is impressive—how much more a full army of tens of thousands in formation!'
12
咸平三年，詔定州等處本城廳子、無敵、忠銳、定塞指揮，已並升充禁軍馬軍雲翼指揮，依逐州軍就糧，令侍衛馬軍司管轄。 定州揀中廳子第一充雲翼第一，第二充雲翼第二； 相州廳子第一充雲翼第三，第二充雲翼第四； 保州無敵第一充雲翼第五，第二充雲翼第六，忠銳充雲翼第七； 威勇軍無敵第一充雲翼第八，第二充雲翼第九，忠銳充雲翼第十； 靜戎軍無敵充雲翼第十一； 甯邊軍無敵充雲翼第十二； 北平塞無敵充雲翼第十三； 深州無敵充雲翼第十四。 北面諸處應管本城、定塞指揮已下鎮定州、高陽關路都總管，並充禁軍馬軍雲翼指揮，才候升立訖，分析逐指揮員兵士人數、就糧州府、本指揮見在去處以聞。
In Xianping 3, an edict promoted local Dingzhou units—the Hall Sons, Invincible, Loyal Sharp, and Border-Set commands—to Palace Army cavalry as Cloud Wing regiments, supplied locally and placed under the Imperial Guard Cavalry Bureau. Dingzhou's top Hall Sons unit became Cloud Wing First, the second became Cloud Wing Second; Xiangzhou's first and second Hall Sons units became Cloud Wing Third and Fourth; Baozhou's two Invincible units became Cloud Wing Fifth and Sixth, and Loyal Sharp became Cloud Wing Seventh; Weiyong Army's Invincible units became Cloud Wing Eighth and Ninth, and Loyal Sharp became Cloud Wing Tenth; Jingrong Army's Invincible unit became Cloud Wing Eleventh; Ningbian Army's Invincible unit became Cloud Wing Twelfth; Beiping Pass Invincible became Cloud Wing Thirteenth; Shenzhou Invincible became Cloud Wing Fourteenth. All northern local and Border-Set units under the Dingzhou and Gaoyang Pass route commander were likewise promoted to Palace Army Cloud Wing cavalry. Once promotion was complete, each command was to report its strength, grain-supply prefecture, and current station.
13
四年，詔陝西沿邊州軍兵士先選中者，並升爲禁軍，名保捷。 五年正月，置廣捷兵士五指揮。 五月，命使臣分往邠、寧、環、慶、涇、原、儀、渭、隴、鄜、延等州，於保安、保毅軍內，與逐處官吏選取有力者共二萬人，各於本州置營，升爲禁軍，號曰振武指揮。 既而帝曰：「邊防闕兵，朝廷須爲制置，蓋不得已也。 候邊鄙乂寧，即可銷弭。」 六月，以河東州兵爲神銳二十四指揮、神虎十指揮，又升石州廳子軍爲禁軍，又以威虎十指揮隸虎翼。
In year 4, selected frontier soldiers in Shaanxi were promoted to the Palace Army as the Secure Swift regiments. In the first month of year 5, five Broad Swift commands were established. In the fifth month, envoys were sent to Bin, Ning, Huan, Qing, Jing, Yuan, Yi, Wei, Long, Fu, Yan, and other prefectures to select twenty thousand strong men from the Secure Guard and Secure Resolve armies, camp them locally, and promote them to the Palace Army as Quelling Martial regiments. The emperor then said, 'The frontier lacks troops, and the court must make provision for that—there is no choice. Once the frontier is secure, these forces can be disbanded.' In the sixth month, Hedong prefectural troops were organized into twenty-four Divine Sharp and ten Divine Tiger commands. The Shizhou Hall Sons army was promoted to the Palace Army, and ten Fierce Tiger commands were attached to Tiger Wing.
14
景德四年，詔河東廣銳、神銳、神虎軍以見存爲定額，缺則補之。
In Jingde 4, the Hedong Broad Sharp, Divine Sharp, and Divine Tiger armies were fixed at their present strength, with vacancies filled as they occurred.
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康定初，趙元昊反，西邊用兵，詔募神捷兵，易名萬勝，爲營二十。 所募多市井選忄耎，不足以備戰守。 是時禁兵多戍陝西，並邊土兵雖不及等，然驍勇善戰。 京師所遣戍者，雖稱魁頭，大率不能辛苦，而摧鋒陷陣非其所長。 又北兵戍及川峽、荊湘、嶺嶠間，多不便習水土，故議者欲益募土兵爲就糧。 於是增置陝西蕃落、保捷、定功，河北雲翼、有馬勁勇，陝西、河北振武，河北、京東武衛，陝西、京西壯勇，延州青澗，登州澄海弩手，京畿近郡亦增募龍騎、廣勇、廣捷、虎翼、步鬥、步武，復升河北招收、無敵、廳子馬，陝西制勝，并州克戎、騎射，麟州飛騎，府州威遠，秦州建威，慶州有馬安塞，保州威邊，安肅軍忠銳，嵐、府州建安，登州平海，皆爲禁兵，增內外馬步凡數百營。 又京東西、河北、河東、江、淮、荊湖、兩浙、福建路各募宣毅，大州二營，小州一營，凡二百八十八。 岢嵐軍別置床子弩炮手。 時吏以所募多寡爲賞罰格，諸軍子弟悉聽隸籍，禁軍闕額多選本城補填，故慶曆中外禁、廂軍總一百二十五萬，視國初爲最多。 西師既罷，上患兵冗，帑庾不能給，乃詔省兵數萬人。
Early in the Kangding era, when Zhao Yuanhao rebelled and war broke out on the western frontier, the court recruited Divine Swift troops, renamed them Myriad Victor, and organized twenty camps. Most recruits were weak city men unfit for combat or garrison duty. Palace Army troops then garrisoned Shaanxi in large numbers. Frontier local troops ranked below them, but they fought fiercely and well. Capital troops sent west were called the elite, but most could not endure hardship and were poor at leading assaults. Northern troops posted to Sichuan, the Jing-Hu region, and the Lingnan south often failed to adapt to local conditions, so reformers urged recruiting more local grain-supplied troops. The court then added numerous new Palace Army regiments across the empire—frontier tribal units, Secure Swift, Set Merit, Cloud Wing, Mounted Fierce Valor, Quelling Martial, Martial Guard, Robust Valor, and many others in Shaanxi, Hebei, the capital region, and beyond—raising inner and outer cavalry and infantry by several hundred camps in all. Manifest Resolve units were also recruited across Jingdong, Hebei, Hedong, Jiang-Huai, Jing-Hu, the two Zhe circuits, and Fujian—two camps in large prefectures, one in small ones, 288 camps in all. Kelan Army was given separate crews for bed-frame crossbow artillery. Officials were rewarded or punished by recruitment totals. Soldiers' sons were allowed to enlist, and Palace Army vacancies were often filled from local garrisons. By the Qingli era, Palace and Garrison armies together numbered 1.25 million—the highest since the founding. When the western war ended, the emperor worried that the army had grown too large for the treasury to support and ordered a reduction of tens of thousands of men.
16
皇祐二年，川峽增置寧遠。 五年，江、淮、荊湖置教閱忠節，州一營，大州五百人，小州三百人。 於是宣毅浸廢不復補，而荊湖、廣南益募雄略。 至和二年，廣、桂、邕州置有馬雄略。 明年，並萬勝爲十營。 其後，議者謂東南雖無事，不宜馳備。 嘉祐四年，乃詔荊南、江寧府、揚、廬、洪、潭、福、越州募就糧軍，號威果，各營於本州。 又益遣禁軍駐泊，長吏兼本路兵馬鈐轄，選武臣爲都監，專主訓練。 於是東南稍有備矣。
In Huangyou 2, the Secure Distance regiment was added in Sichuan. In year 5, Jiang-Huai and Jing-Hu established drill-inspected Loyal Integrity regiments—one camp per prefecture, with 500 men in large prefectures and 300 in small ones. Manifest Resolve was then allowed to lapse without replenishment, while Jing-Hu and Guangnan increasingly recruited Bold Strategy troops. In Zhihe 2, Mounted Bold Strategy regiments were established in Guang, Gui, and Yong prefectures. The following year, Myriad Victor was consolidated into ten camps. Later critics argued that even though the southeast was at peace, defenses should not be neglected. In Jiayou 4, Jingnan, Jiangning, Yangzhou, Luzhou, Hongzhou, Tanzhou, Fuzhou, and Yuezhou were ordered to recruit grain-supplied Awesome Fruit troops, each camped in its home prefecture. More Palace Army detachments were posted to the region. Prefectural chiefs took concurrent command of circuit forces, and martial officials were appointed chief inspectors devoted to training. The southeast was at last somewhat prepared.
17
七年，宰相韓琦言：
In the seventh year, Chief Councillor Han Qi said:
18
祖宗以兵定天下，凡有征戍則募置，事已則並，故兵日精而用不廣。 今二邊雖號通好，而西北屯邊之兵，常若待敵之至，故竭天下之力而不能給。 不於此時先慮而豫備之，一旦邊陲用兵，水旱相繼，卒起而圖之，不可及矣。
'Our founders won the realm by force of arms. They recruited troops for each campaign or garrison and disbanded them when the task was done, so the army grew sharper while costs stayed contained.' 'Today both frontiers are said to be at peace, yet northwestern garrisons stand as if always awaiting attack. The empire exhausts its resources and still cannot pay for them.' 'If we do not plan ahead now, then when war breaks out on the frontier and flood and drought follow one another, any sudden effort to remedy the situation will come too late.'
19
又三路就糧之兵雖勇勁服習，然邊儲貴踴，常苦難贍。 若其數過多，復有尾大不掉之患。 京師之兵雖雜且少精，然漕于東南，廣而易供設，其數多，得強幹弱枝之勢。 祖宗時，就糧之兵不甚多，邊陲有事，則以京師兵益之，其慮深而其費鮮。 願詔樞密院同三司量河北、陝西、河東及三司榷貨務歲入金帛之數，約可贍京師及三路兵馬幾何，然後以可贍之數立爲定額。 額外罷募，闕即增補。 額外數已盡而營畸零，則省並之。 既見定額，則可以定其路馬步軍一營，以若干爲額。 仍請核見開寶、至道、天禧、慶曆中外兵馬之數。 蓋開寶、至道之兵，太祖、太宗以之定天下、服四方也。 天禧之兵，真宗所以守成備豫也。 慶曆之兵，西師後增置之數也。 以祖宗之兵，視今數之多少，則精冗易判，裁制無疑矣。
'Grain-supplied troops on the three frontier routes are brave and well trained, but frontier supplies are costly and hard to sustain.' 'If their numbers grow too large, we face the old danger of a tail too heavy to control.' 'Capital troops are mixed and not all elite, but grain comes easily from the southeast. Their numbers are large, giving us the advantage of a strong center and weak periphery.' 'Under the founders, frontier grain-supplied troops were few. When trouble arose, capital troops reinforced them. The policy was far-sighted and inexpensive.' 'I ask that the Bureau of Military Affairs and the Three Departments calculate annual revenue in gold and silk from Hebei, Shaanxi, Hedong, and the monopoly offices, estimate how many capital and frontier troops that revenue can support, and set a fixed quota accordingly.' 'Beyond the quota, stop recruiting; fill vacancies only as they occur.' 'When the quota is full but camps remain scattered and undersized, consolidate them.' 'Once the quota is set, each route's cavalry and infantry camp can be fixed at a standard strength.' 'I also ask that we review troop strengths from the Kaibao, Zhidao, Tianxi, and Qingli eras.' 'The armies of Kaibao and Zhidao were those with which Taizu and Taizong conquered the realm.' 'The Tianxi armies were those with which Zhenzong preserved the empire and prepared for emergencies.' 'The Qingli armies were the forces added after the western war.' Comparing our founders' armies with present strength will make it easy to distinguish elite troops from excess and to cut forces without hesitation.
20
於是詔中書、樞密院同議。 樞密院奏：開寶之籍總三十七萬八千，而禁軍馬步十九萬三千； 至道之籍總六十六萬六千，而禁軍馬步三十五萬八千； 天禧之籍總九十一萬二千，而禁軍馬步四十三萬二千； 慶曆之籍總一百二十五萬九千，而禁軍馬步八十二萬六千。 視前所募後浸多，自是稍加裁制，以爲定額。
The emperor then ordered the Secretariat and the Bureau of Military Affairs to deliberate together. The Bureau of Military Affairs reported that Kaibao-era registers listed 378,000 troops in all, including 193,000 Palace Army cavalry and infantry; Zhidao registers listed 666,000 in all, including 358,000 Palace Army cavalry and infantry; Tianxi registers listed 912,000 in all, including 432,000 Palace Army cavalry and infantry; Qingli registers listed 1,259,000 in all, including 826,000 Palace Army cavalry and infantry. Seeing how recruitment had steadily swollen, the court now began modest cuts to set fixed quotas.
21
三年十二月，樞密使文彥博等上在京、開封府界及京東等路禁軍數，帝亦參以治平中兵數而討論焉。 遂詔：殿前虎翼除水軍一指揮外，存六十指揮，各以五百人爲率，總三萬四百人； 在京增廣勇五指揮，共二千人； 開封府界定六萬二千人，京東五萬一千二百人，兩浙四千人，江東五千二百人，江西六千八百人，湖南八千三百人，湖北萬二千人，福建四千五百人，廣南東、西千二百人，川峽三路四千四百人爲額。 在京其餘指揮並河東、陝西、京西、淮南路既皆撥並，唯河北人數尚多，乃詔禁軍以七萬爲額。 初，河北兵籍比諸路爲多，其緣邊者且仰給三司，至是而撥並畸零，立爲定額焉。 是時，京東增置武衛軍，分隸河北四路，後又以三千人戍揚、杭州、江寧府，其後又團結軍士置將分領，則謂之將兵雲。
In the twelfth month of year 3, Military Affairs Commissioner Wen Yanbo and others submitted Palace Army strengths for the capital, the Kaifeng metropolitan district, and Jingdong and other circuits. The emperor also weighed Zhiping-era figures in the discussion. An edict then fixed Palace Front Tiger Wing at sixty commands of five hundred men each—30,400 in all—aside from one naval command; added five Broad Valor commands in the capital, 2,000 men in all; and set quotas of 62,000 for the Kaifeng metropolitan district, 51,200 for Jingdong, 4,000 for the two Zhe circuits, 5,200 for Jiangdong, 6,800 for Jiangxi, 8,300 for Hunan, 12,000 for Hubei, 4,500 for Fujian, 1,200 for eastern and western Guangnan, and 4,400 for the three Sichuan routes. Other capital commands and forces in Hedong, Shaanxi, Jingxi, and Huainan had already been consolidated; only Hebei still had large numbers, so the Palace Army there was capped at 70,000. Hebei had long held more troops than other circuits, with frontier units supplied by the Three Departments. Now scattered units were merged and fixed quotas set. Jingdong then added Martial Guard troops under the four Hebei circuits. Three thousand men later garrisoned Yangzhou, Hangzhou, and Jiangning. When organized troops were placed under appointed generals, they were called general-command forces.
22
七年正月，詔頒諸班直禁軍名額：
In the first month of year 7, an edict promulgated the official names of the Palace Army Direct Units:
23
殿前司諸班：殿前指揮使、內殿直、散員、散指揮、散都頭、散祗候、金槍、東西、招箭、散直、鈞容直。 諸直：御龍、御龍骨朵、御龍弓箭、御龍弩直。 諸軍：捧日钅屈直、捧日左射、捧日、寬衣天武、钅屈直天武、左射天武、歸明渤海、拱聖、神勇、吐渾、驍騎、驍勝、宣武、虎翼水軍、甯朔、龍猛、捧日第五軍、捧日第七軍、天武第五軍、天武第七軍、契丹直第一、契丹直第二、神騎、廣勇、步鬥、龍騎、驍猛、雄勇、太原府就糧吐渾、潞州就糧吐渾、左射清朔、擒戎、廣捷、廣德、、驍雄、雄威。
Palace Front Bureau units: Palace Front Commander, Inner Palace Direct, Dispersed Attendants, Dispersed Commanders, Dispersed Squad Chiefs, Dispersed Palace Attendants, Golden Spear, East and West, Arrow Summoners, Dispersed Direct, and Tuned Resonance Direct. Direct units: Imperial Dragon, Imperial Dragon Bone Mace, Imperial Dragon Bow and Arrow, and Imperial Dragon Crossbow Direct. Army units included Sun-Holding, Heavenly Martial, Bowing to the Sage, Divine Valor, Tuhun, Fierce Cavalry, Manifest Martial, Tiger Wing Navy, Dragon Fierce, Khitan Direct, Divine Cavalry, Broad Valor, and numerous other named regiments listed in the source.
24
侍衛馬軍司龍衛钅屈直、龍衛左射、龍衛、恩冀州員僚直、忠猛、定州散員、驍捷、雲騎、武騎、龍衛第十軍、揀中龍衛、新立驍捷、飛捷、驍武、廣銳、雲翼、禁軍有馬勁勇、廳子馬、無敵、克勝、飛騎、威遠、克戎、萬捷、雲捷、橫塞、慶州有馬安塞、蕃落、有馬雄略、員僚剩員直。
Imperial Guard Cavalry Bureau units included Dragon Guard, Cloud Cavalry, Cloud Wing, Mounted Fierce Valor, Invincible, Flying Cavalry, Tribal Frontier, Mounted Bold Strategy, and the other regiments named in the source.
25
侍衛步軍司神衛、虎翼水軍、神衛第十軍、步武、武衛、床子弩雄武、飛山雄武、神衛、振武、來化、雄武弩手、上威猛、招收、雄勝、澄海水軍弩手、神虎、保捷、捉生、清邊弩手、制勝、定功、青澗、平海、雄武、效忠、宣毅、建安、威果、川效忠、揀中雄勇、懷順、懷恩、勇捷、威武、靜戎弩手、忠遠、寧遠、忠節、教閱忠節、川忠節、神威、歸遠、雄略、下威猛、強猛、壯勇、橋道、清塞、武嚴、宣效、神衛剩員、奉先園、揀中六軍、左龍武、右龍武、左羽林、右羽林、左神武、右神武。
Imperial Guard Infantry Bureau units included Divine Guard, Tiger Wing Navy, Foot Martial, Martial Guard, Quelling Martial, Secure Swift, Manifest Resolve, Awesome Fruit, Loyal Integrity, and the full roster of infantry regiments listed in the source, down to the Left and Right Dragon Martial and Feathered Forest guards.
26
御營喝探、新團立揀中剩員。
Imperial Camp Scout-Reconnaissance and Newly Formed Selected Surplus Attendants.
27
諸班直資次相壓殿前指揮使、御龍直、御龍骨朵子直、內殿直、散員、散指揮使、散都頭、散祗候、金槍、東西班、御龍弓箭直、御龍弩直、招箭班、散直、鈞容直。
Direct Units ranked, from highest to lowest: Palace Front Commander, Imperial Dragon Direct, Imperial Dragon Bone Mace Direct, Inner Palace Direct, Dispersed Attendants, Dispersed Commander, Dispersed Squad Chief, Dispersed Palace Attendant, Golden Spear, East and West Units, Imperial Dragon Bow and Arrow Direct, Imperial Dragon Crossbow Direct, Arrow Summoners, Dispersed Direct, and Tuned Resonance Direct.
28
諸軍資次相壓捧日钅屈直、捧日左射、捧日、寬衣天武、天武钅屈直、天武左射、天武、龍衛钅屈直、龍衛左射、龍衛、神衛、歸明渤海、拱聖、神勇、恩冀州員僚直、忠猛、定州散員、吐渾、驍騎、驍捷、雲騎、驍勝、宣武、武騎、殿前司虎翼、殿前司虎翼水軍、甯朔、龍猛、步軍司虎翼、步軍司虎翼水軍、捧日第五軍、捧日第七軍、天武第五軍、天武第七軍、龍衛第十軍、揀中龍衛、神衛第十軍、契丹直第一、契丹直第二、神騎、廣勇、步鬥、龍騎、驍猛、雄勇、太原府就糧吐渾、潞州就糧吐渾、清朔、擒戎、新立驍捷、飛捷、驍武、廣銳、雲翼、禁軍有馬勁勇、步武、武衛、床子弩雄武、飛山雄武、神銳、振武、來化、雄武弩手、上威猛、廳子馬、無敵、招收、雄勝、廣捷、廣德、克勝、飛騎、威遠、澄海水軍弩手、克戎、驍雄、雄威、萬捷、雲捷、橫塞、神虎、保捷、慶州有馬安塞、蕃落、捉生、清邊弩手、制勝、定功、有馬雄略、青澗、平海、雄武、效忠、宣毅、建安、威果、川效忠、揀中雄勇、懷順、懷恩、勇捷、威武、下威武、靜戎弩手、忠勇、寧遠、忠節、教閱忠順、川忠節、神威、歸遠、雄略、下威猛、強猛、壯勇、員僚剩員直、橋道、川橋道、步軍司清塞、武嚴、宣效、神衛剩員、奉先園、揀中六軍、御營喝探、新團立揀中剩員。
Army units ranked from highest to lowest in the order given in the source, beginning with Sun-Holding Bent Spear Direct and ending with Newly Formed Selected Surplus Attendants.
29
諸禁軍名額系捧日、天武、龍衛、神衛爲上軍，五百文已上料錢見錢爲中軍，不滿五百文料錢見錢並捧日天武第五第七軍、龍衛神衛第十軍、驍猛、雄勇、驍雄、雄威爲下軍。 元豐五年十月，詔諸路教閱廂軍，於下禁軍內增入指揮名額，排連並同禁軍。 蓋熙寧之籍，天下禁軍凡五十六萬八千六百八十八人； 元豐之籍，六十一萬二千二百四十三人。
Palace Army regiments were classed as upper (Sun-Holding, Heavenly Martial, Dragon Guard, Divine Guard), middle (those paid five hundred cash or more in ration money), or lower (those paid less, plus the Fifth and Seventh Sun-Holding and Heavenly Martial armies, the Tenth Dragon Guard and Divine Guard armies, and Fierce Fierce, Fierce Valor, Fierce Awesome, and Awesome Might). In the tenth month of the fifth year of Yuanfeng, an edict ordered drill-inspected garrison troops in all circuits incorporated into lower Palace Army commands with full command titles and the same company and squad organization as the Palace Army. Under the Xining registers, Palace Army strength empire-wide was 568,688; under the Yuanfeng registers, 612,243.
30
紹聖四年，陝西路增置蕃落馬軍。 是年，蘭州金城置步軍保捷、馬軍蕃落。
In Shaosheng 4, Shaanxi Circuit added Tribal Frontier cavalry. That year, Jincheng in Lanzhou received Secure Swift infantry and Tribal Frontier cavalry.
31
元符元年，利州路興元府、閬州各增置就糧武寧； 又湖北、江東各增置有馬雄略。 涇原路新築南牟會，賜名西安州，戍守共以七千人爲額，仍招置馬軍蕃落、步軍保捷。 天都、臨羌砦戍守各以三千人爲額，仍各置馬軍蕃落、步軍保捷。 永興軍等路創置蕃落； 河北大名府等二十二州共創置馬軍廣威、步軍保捷，以河北大水，招刺流民故也。
In Yuanfu 1, Xingyuan Prefecture and Langzhou in Lizhou Circuit each added grain-supplied Martial Peace regiments; Hubei and Jiangdong each also added Mounted Bold Strategy regiments. Jingyuan Circuit built Nanmouhui, renamed Xi'an Prefecture, with a garrison quota of seven thousand and new Tribal Frontier cavalry and Secure Swift infantry. Tiandu and Linqiang stockades each received a garrison quota of three thousand, with Tribal Frontier cavalry and Secure Swift infantry. Yongxing Army and other circuits newly established Tribal Frontier units; and twenty-two Hebei prefectures including Daming established Broad Awesome cavalry and Secure Swift infantry to recruit refugees after severe flooding.
32
二年正月，環慶增置敢勇二百人。 四月，環慶路都總管司言：「本路新展定邊城，比之橫山、興平等處城砦尤深，乞增置住營馬軍蕃落、步軍保捷。」 六月，環慶路都總管司言：「展築慶州白豹城，合增置住營馬步軍。」 又鄜延路都總管司言：「本路新築米脂等八堡砦，合增置土兵、馬步軍。」 皆從之。 三年，樞密院奏：「河北增置馬軍廣威、步軍保捷二萬餘人，欲令揀選升換在京闕額軍分。」 從之。 自紹聖以來，陝西、河東連用兵六年，進築未已，覆軍殺將，供給不可勝紀。
In the first month of year 2, Huanqing added two hundred Daring Valor troops. In the fourth month, the Huanqing route commander reported, 'Our newly expanded Dingbian City lies deeper in hostile territory than Hengshan, Xingping, and other frontier posts. We request stationed Tribal Frontier cavalry and Secure Swift infantry.' In the sixth month, the Huanqing commander reported, 'Expansion of Baibao City in Qingzhou requires additional stationed cavalry and infantry.' The Fuyan commander also reported, 'Eight new stockades including Mizhi require additional local troops and cavalry and infantry.' All requests were approved. In year 3, the Bureau of Military Affairs reported, 'Hebei has added more than twenty thousand Broad Awesome cavalry and Secure Swift infantry. We propose selecting the best to fill vacant capital army positions.' The proposal was approved. From the Shaosheng era onward, Shaanxi and Hedong saw six years of continuous warfare. Forward fortification never stopped; armies were wiped out and generals killed; the cost of supply was incalculable.
33
四年十一月，廣西路置刀牌手三千人，於切要州軍更戌，以寧海名。 十二月，詔：「四輔屏翰京師，兵力不可偏重，可各以二萬人爲額。」 五年，環慶路進築徐丁台城，賜名安邊，置馬軍蕃落、步軍保捷。
In the eleventh month of year 4, Guangxi Circuit established three thousand saber-and-shield troops, rotated among critical prefectures, under the name Secure Sea. In the twelfth month, an edict declared, 'The four auxiliary prefectures guarding the capital must not hold disproportionate forces. Each is capped at twenty thousand men.' In year 5, Huanqing built Xudingtai City, renamed Secure Border, and stationed Tribal Frontier cavalry and Secure Swift infantry there.
34
靖康元年，詔； 「廣西宜、融二州實爲極邊，舊置馬軍難議減省，且依元降指揮招置。」
In Jingkang 1, an edict declared: 'Yi and Rong prefectures in Guangxi lie on the extreme frontier. Their established cavalry cannot readily be cut. Continue recruitment as in the original directive.'
35
自元豐而後，民兵日盛，募兵日衰，其募兵闕額，則收其廩給，以爲民兵教閱之費。 元祐以降，民兵亦衰。 崇甯、大觀以來，蔡京用事，兵弊日滋，至於受逃亡，收配隸，猶恐不足。 政和之後，久廢蒐補，軍士死亡之余，老疾者徒費廩給，少健者又多冗占，階級既壞，紀律遂亡。 童貫握兵，勢傾內外，凡遇陣敗，恥於人言，第申逃竄。 河北將兵，十無二三，往往多住招闕額，以其封樁爲上供之用。 陝右諸路兵亦無幾，種師道將兵入援，止得萬五千人。 故靖康之變，雖畫一之詔，哀痛激切，而事已無及矣。
After Yuanfeng, militia grew stronger as recruited armies weakened. Vacant quotas in recruited units had their pay diverted to fund militia drill. From the Yuanyou era onward, the militia declined as well. Under Chongning and Daguan, with Cai Jing in power, military abuses worsened until the army accepted fugitives and convicts and still could not fill its ranks. After Zhenghe, recruitment and replenishment ceased. The dead were not replaced; the old and sick wasted pay while the young and fit held redundant posts. Ranks collapsed and discipline died. Tong Guan held military power with influence over the whole court. After every defeat, ashamed to admit it, he reported only that troops had fled. Hebei general-command forces were at most two or three tenths of their paper strength. Commanders kept vacancies on the rolls and diverted sealed funds to court tribute. Forces in the western Shaanxi circuits were equally few. When Zhong Shidao marched to the capital's relief, he mustered only fifteen thousand men. Thus when the Jingkang disaster struck, even the court's anguished, sweeping edicts came too late.
36
高宗南渡，始建御營司，未幾，復並御營歸樞密院。 建炎四年，改御前五軍爲神武軍，御營五軍爲神武副軍，並隸樞密院。 五年，上以祖宗故事，兵皆隸三衙，乃廢神武中軍隸殿前司，於是殿司兵柄始一。 乾道元年，詔殿前兵馬權以七萬三千人爲額。
After Gaozong fled south, an Imperial Camp Bureau was established, then soon merged back into the Bureau of Military Affairs. In Jianyan 4, the five imperial guard armies became the Divine Martial Army and the five Imperial Camp armies the Divine Martial Subsidiary Army, both under the Bureau of Military Affairs. In year 5, citing ancestral precedent that all troops belonged to the Three Commands, the emperor abolished the Divine Martial central army and attached it to the Palace Front Bureau, unifying command under the Palace Bureau for the first time. In Qiandao 1, Palace Front cavalry and infantry were capped at 73,000.
37
諸屯駐大軍則皆諸將之部曲，高宗開元帥府，諸將兵悉隸焉。 建炎後，諸大將兵浸盛，因時制變，屯無常所。 如劉光世軍或在鎮江、池州、太平，韓世忠軍或屯江州、江陰，岳飛一軍或屯宜興、蔣山，王彥八字軍隨張浚入蜀，吳玠兵多屯鳳州、大散關、和尚原。 是時合內外大軍十九萬四千餘，川、陝不與焉。 及楊沂中將中軍總宿衛，江東劉光世、淮東韓世忠、湖北岳飛、湖南王𤫉四軍共十九萬一千六百，亦未嘗有屯。
The great encamped armies were the personal followings of individual generals. Gaozong established marshal headquarters, and all generals' troops fell under it. After Jianyan, the great generals' armies grew powerful and shifted camp according to circumstance, with no fixed stations. Liu Guangshi's army might be at Zhenjiang, Chizhou, or Taiping; Han Shizhong's at Jiangzhou or Jiangyin; Yue Fei's at Yixing or Jiangshan; Wang Yan's Eight-Character Army followed Zhang Jun into Shu; Wu Jie's mostly held Fengzhou, Dasan Pass, and Heshang Plain. At that time armies inside and outside the capital totaled more than 194,000, not counting Sichuan and Shaanxi. When Yang Yizhong commanded the central army as overall palace guard, the four armies of Liu Guangshi in Jiangdong, Han Shizhong in Huaidong, Yue Fei in Hubei, and Wang Yuan in Hunan totaled 191,600—yet they too had no fixed stations.
38
紹興十一年，范同以諸將握兵難制，獻謀秦檜，且以柘皋之捷言於上，召張俊、韓世忠、岳飛入覲，張俊首納所部兵。 分命三大帥副校各統所部，自爲一軍，更銜曰統制御前軍馬。 罷宣撫司，遇出師取旨，兵皆隸樞密院，屯駐仍舊。 而四川大將兵曰興、成、階、鳳、文、龍、利、閬、金、洋、綿、房、西和州、大安軍、興元、隆慶、潼川府凡十七郡，亦分屯就糧焉。
In Shaoxing 11, Fan Tong urged Qin Hui that the generals' private armies were hard to control, cited the victory at Zhegao to the emperor, and had Zhang Jun, Han Shizhong, and Yue Fei summoned to court. Zhang Jun was the first to surrender his command. Deputy commanders under the three great marshals were each ordered to lead his own force as a separate army under the new title Controller of Armies and Horses Before the Throne. The Pacification Commission was abolished. Campaigns required court approval; all troops fell under the Bureau of Military Affairs, though garrisons stayed where they were. Sichuan's great armies garrisoned seventeen jurisdictions—Xing, Cheng, Jie, Feng, Wen, Long, Li, Lang, Jin, Yang, Mian, Fang, Xihe, Da'an, Xingyuan, Longqing, and Tongchuan—also on local grain-supply stations.
39
乾道之末，各州有都統司領兵：建康五萬，池州一萬二千，鎮江四萬七千，楚州武鋒軍一萬一千，鄂州四萬九千，荊南二萬，興元一萬七千，金州一萬一千。 其後分屯列戍，增損靡常。 所可考者，統制、統領、正將、副將、準備將之目也。
By the end of Qiandao, supreme command offices led troops at: Jiankang 50,000, Chizhou 12,000, Zhenjiang 47,000, Chuzhou Martial Edge Army 11,000, Ezhou 49,000, Jingnan 20,000, Xingyuan 17,000, and Jinzhou 11,000. Later garrisons were distributed along the frontier with strengths that changed constantly. What can be verified are the ranks of controller, commander, chief officer, deputy officer, and ready officer.
40
至於水軍之制，則有加于前者，南渡以後，江、淮皆爲邊境故也。 建炎初，李綱請於沿江、淮、河帥府置水兵二軍，要郡別置水兵一軍，次要郡別置中軍，招善舟楫者充，立軍號曰淩波、樓船軍。 其戰艦則有海鰍、水哨馬、雙車、得勝、十棹、大飛、旗捷、防沙、平底、水飛馬之名。 隆興以後至於寶祐、景定間，江、淮沿流堡隘相望，守禦益繁，民勞益甚。 迨鹹淳末，廣東籍蜑丁，閩海拘舶船民船，公私俱弊矣。
The navy exceeded earlier systems because after the flight south the Yangzi and Huai had become frontiers. Early in Jianyan, Li Gang proposed two naval armies along the Yangzi, Huai, and Yellow River, one naval army in each key prefecture, and a middle army in lesser prefectures, recruiting skilled boatmen under the names Wave-Cleaving and Tower Ship. Warships included the Sea Mackerel, Water Courier Horse, Double Cart, Victor, Ten Oars, Great Flyer, Banner Swift, Sand Guard, Flat Bottom, and Water Flying Horse types. From Longxing through Baoyou and Jingding, fortresses lined the Yangzi and Huai. Defense grew ever more elaborate and the people's burden ever heavier. By the end of Xianchun, Guangdong registered Tanka boat people and Fujian seized merchant and civilian vessels—ruining both state and people.
41
其禁軍將校，則有殿前司都指揮使、副都指揮使、都虞候各一人； 諸班有都虞候、指揮使、都知、副都知、押班； 御龍諸直有四直都虞候，本直各有都虞候、指揮使、副指揮使、都頭、副都頭、十將、將虞候； 馬步軍有捧日、天武左右四廂都指揮使，捧日、天武左右各有都指揮使，每軍有都指揮使、都虞候，每指揮有指揮使、副指揮使，每都有軍使、步軍謂之都頭。
Palace Army officers included a commander-in-chief, deputy commander-in-chief, and chief adjutant for the Palace Front Bureau, one of each; direct units had chief adjutant, commander, chief knower, deputy chief knower, and escort chief; Imperial Dragon Direct units had four Direct chief adjutants; each Direct had chief adjutant, commander, deputy commander, squad chief, deputy squad chief, ten-man leader, and adjutant NCO; cavalry and infantry had four-wing commanders-in-chief for Sun-Holding and Heavenly Martial left and right; each wing had its commander-in-chief; each army had commander-in-chief and chief adjutant; each command had commander and deputy; each company had an army envoy—in infantry called squad chief.
42
副兵馬使、步軍謂之副都頭。
Deputy horse-army envoy—in infantry, deputy squad chief.
43
十將、將虞候、承局、押官。
Ten-man leader, adjutant NCO, clerk, and escort officer.
44
所領諸班直、指揮，騎兵、步兵之額敘列如左。 以其前後之異同者分爲建隆以來之制、熙寧以後之制，而將兵、水兵之制可考者，因附著於後雲。
The strengths of the Direct Units, commands, cavalry, and infantry under their command are set forth below. Differences before and after are treated under systems from Jianlong onward and from Xining onward; verifiable information on general-command and naval forces is appended below.
45
建隆以來之制
The System from Jianlong Onward
46
殿前指揮使左右班二。 宋初，以舊府親從帶甲之士及諸班軍騎中選武藝絕倫者充。
Palace Front Commander, left and right units: two. Early in the dynasty, they were chosen from the old prefecture's armored personal followers and from unit cavalry for peerless martial skill.
47
內殿直左右班四。 周制，簡軍校暨武臣子弟有材勇者立。 又有川班內殿直，乾德三年平蜀得奇兵，簡閱材貌魁偉便習騎射者凡百二十人立，開寶四年廢。
Inner Palace Direct, left and right units: four. Under the Zhou system, they were drawn from army officers and martial officials' sons of talent and courage. There was also a Sichuan Inner Palace Direct unit: in Qiande 3, pacification of Shu yielded exceptional troops, and 120 men of imposing stature skilled in mounted archery were selected—abolished in Kaibao 4.
48
散員左右班四。 周制，招置諸州豪傑立，散指揮、散都頭、散祗候凡十二班。 又於北面驍捷員僚直及諸軍內簡閱填補。 咸平五年，定州路都部署王超言； 「緣邊有強梁輩常居四界，擾動邊境，請厚給金帛募充散員。」 從之。
Dispersed Attendants, left and right units: four. Under the Zhou system, heroes from various prefectures were recruited; Dispersed Commanders, Dispersed Squad Chiefs, and Dispersed Palace Attendants totaled twelve units. Vacancies were also filled by selection from the northern Fierce Swift Staff Direct and from other armies. In Xianping 5, Dingzhou route supreme commander Wang Chao said: 'Powerful ruffians along the border constantly stir trouble in the frontier zones. I request generous payment in gold and silk to recruit them as Dispersed Attendants.' The request was approved.
49
散指揮左右班四。
Dispersed Commanders, left and right units: four.
50
散都頭左右班二。
Dispersed Squad Chiefs, left and right units: two.
51
金槍班左右班二，舊名內直。 太平興國初，改選諸軍中善用槍槊者補之。
Golden Spear Unit, left and right units: two—formerly called Inner Direct. Early in Taiping Xingguo, the unit was refilled by selecting men skilled with spear and halberd from other armies.
52
東西班弩手、龍旗直、招箭班共十二，舊號東西班承旨。 淳化二年，改爲殿前侍，東西各第一第二弩手、龍旗直班六，並帶甲，選諸班及不帶甲班增補。 其東第二茶酒及第三、西第四班不帶甲，並以諸軍員、使臣及沒王事者子弟爲之。 又擇善弓箭者爲招箭班。
East and West crossbowmen, Dragon Banner Direct, and Arrow Summoners totaled twelve units—formerly called East and West Imperial Attendants. In Chunhua 2, the unit was renamed Palace Attendants. East and West each had First and Second Crossbowmen and Dragon Banner Direct units—six armored units in all—filled by selection from other Direct Units and unarmored units. The East Second Tea and Wine, East Third, and West Fourth units were unarmored, filled by surplus troops from other armies, court envoys, and sons of men who had died in imperial service. Skilled archers were also selected for the Arrow Summoner Unit.
53
散直左右班四。 雍熙四年，以諸道募置藩鎮廳頭軍將及詣登聞院求試武藝者立。 咸平元年，選諸節度使從人、騎御馬小底增補。
Dispersed Direct, left and right units: four. In Yongxi 4, the unit was established from frontier-recruited hall-head army commanders and men who came to the Petition Reception Court to demonstrate martial skill. In Xianping 1, vacancies were filled by selection from military commissioners' attendants and Imperial Horse-Riding Lower Attendants.
54
鈞容直班二。 太平興國三年，選諸軍諳曉音樂、騎御馬小底立。 淳化二年，改之。
Tuned Resonance Direct: two units. In Taiping Xingguo 3, it was established by selecting men versed in music from other armies and Imperial Horse-Riding Lower Attendants. Renamed in Chunhua 2.
55
外殿直班一。 諸班衛士中年多者號看班外殿直，後削看班之號。 或詣諸道攝軍校之職部分州兵，謂之權管。 國初又有內員僚直，開寶中廢。 太平興國四年，征太原，得上軍。 天禧四年，併入此班。
Outer Palace Direct: one unit. Older guards among the units were called Supervisory Outer Palace Direct; later the Supervisory title was dropped. Some were sent to circuits to act as army officers commanding prefectural troops—a role called Acting Command. At the dynasty's founding there was also an Inner Staff Direct unit, abolished in the Kaibao era. In Taiping Xingguo 4, the Taiyuan campaign yielded Upper Army troops. Merged into this unit in Tianxi 4.
56
捧日並左射、钅屈直、弩手、左第五軍，總指揮三十五。 京師三十三，雍丘、鄭各一。 舊號小底，周改爲鐵騎，太平興國二年改爲日騎，雍熙四年改今名。 分左、右廂，各四軍。 雍熙三年，選善槍槊者充钅屈直。 淳化三年，選善左射者爲左射。 咸平五年，選天武、拱聖、驍騎善弩射者爲弩手。
Sun-Holding together with Left Archer, Bent Spear Direct, crossbowmen, and Left Fifth Army: thirty-five commands in all. Thirty-three at the capital; one each at Yongqiu and Zheng. Formerly Lower Attendants; under Zhou renamed Iron Cavalry; in Taiping Xingguo 2, Sun Cavalry; in Yongxi 4, the present name Sun-Holding. It was divided into left and right wings of four armies each. In Yongxi 3, men skilled with spear and halberd were selected for Bent Spear Direct. In Chunhua 3, skilled left-handed archers were selected for Left Archer. In Xianping 5, skilled crossbowmen were selected from Heavenly Martial, Bowing to the Sage, and Fierce Cavalry for the crossbow unit.
57
契丹直三。 咸平、許、壽各一。 後唐置，旋廢。 開寶三年，以遼人內附之衆復置。 太平興國中，因事復置，旋廢。
Khitan Direct: three. One each at Xianping, Xu, and Shou. Established under Later Tang and soon abolished. Re-established in Kaibao 3 with Liao subjects who had submitted. Briefly re-established during Taiping Xingguo as circumstances required, then abolished again.
58
歸明渤海指揮二。 京師。 太平興國四年，征幽州，以渤海降兵立。
Returned-to-Civilization Bohai: two commands. At the capital. Established in Taiping Xingguo 4 with surrendered Bohai troops during the Youzhou campaign.
59
拱聖指揮二十一。 京師。 乾德中，選諸州騎兵送闕下，立爲驍雄，後改驍猛。 雍熙四年，又改拱辰。 未幾改今名。
Bowing to the Sage: twenty-one commands. At the capital. In the Qiande era, prefectural cavalry sent to court became Fierce Awesome, later renamed Fierce Fierce. Renamed Bowing to the Stars in Yongxi 4. Soon after, it received its present name, Bowing to the Sage.
60
吐渾小底舊指揮五，治平中並爲二。 京師。 太平興國四年，平太原，獲吐渾子弟，又選監牧諸軍中所有者充。
Tuhun Lower Attendants, formerly five commands, were merged into two in the Zhiping era. At the capital. In Taiping Xingguo 4, pacification of Taiyuan yielded Tuhun youths; vacancies were also filled from pasture-supervision armies.
61
驍騎指揮二十三。 京師。 太平興國四年置，後又選掉搨索兵及左右教駿兵增置。 雍熙四年，改殿前司步鬥弩手爲驍騎弩手。 淳化四年，選壯勇超絕者爲上驍騎，在本軍之上。 咸平五年，分左、右廂。 舊又有殿前小底。 至道二年，選驍騎馬直及善射者充，後廢。
Fierce Cavalry: twenty-three commands. At the capital. Established in Taiping Xingguo 4; later expanded with Lasso troops and left and right Training Steeds. In Yongxi 4, Palace Front Bureau Foot Combat crossbowmen became Fierce Cavalry crossbowmen. In Chunhua 4, the strongest and bravest were selected as Upper Fierce Cavalry, ranking above the main force. Divided into left and right wings in Xianping 5. There was formerly also a Palace Front Lower Attendants unit. In Zhidao 2, Fierce Cavalry Horse Direct and skilled archers filled the unit, which was later abolished.
62
驍勝左右指揮各五。 京師。 咸平三年，選教駿、驍騎諸軍備征子弟材勇者立。
Fierce Victor, left and right: five commands each. At the capital. Established in Xianping 3 from campaign-ready sons of Training Steeds and Fierce Cavalry selected for talent and courage.
63
甯朔指揮十。 京師、尉氏各三，雍丘、渭、河陽、河陰各一。 咸平三年，選教駿諸軍備征及外州兵立。
Secure Frontier: ten commands. Three each at the capital and Weishi; one each at Yongqiu, Wei, Heyang, and Heyin. Established in Xianping 3 from campaign-ready Training Steeds and troops from outer prefectures.
64
龍猛指揮八。 京師。 太平興國中，揀閱龍騎及諸州部送招獲群盜，取其材勇者立。 淳化四年，又擇精悍者爲教閱龍猛以備禽盜，在本軍之上。 景德四年，又選龍騎、驍騎兵增之。
Dragon Fierce: eight commands. At the capital. Established during Taiping Xingguo from Dragon Cavalry and captured bandits delivered from the prefectures, selected for talent and courage. In Chunhua 4, the most elite were selected as Drill Dragon Fierce to hunt bandits, ranking above the main force. Expanded in Jingde 4 with troops from Dragon Cavalry and Fierce Cavalry.
65
飛猛指揮二。 咸平二年，選龍猛、驍騎兵子弟之材勇者立。
Flying Fierce: two commands. Established in Xianping 2 from talented, courageous sons of Dragon Fierce and Fierce Cavalry troops.
66
驍猛指揮四。 尉氏三、太康一。 舊號驍雄，太平興國中改。 雍熙四年，以拱聖年多者爲拱辰軍，其次等者如故。 景德四年，以拱聖年多者隸之。
Fierce Fierce: four commands. Three at Weishi, one at Taikang. Formerly Fierce Awesome; renamed during Taiping Xingguo. In Yongxi 4, older Bowing to the Sage troops became Bowing to the Stars Army; those of the next rank stayed put. In Jingde 4, older Bowing to the Sage troops were transferred to it.
67
神騎指揮十八。 雍丘十三，咸平五。 端拱二年，選驍雄新配人及教駿、借事等兵立。 淳化二年，廢掉搨索軍隸之。 咸平二年，又擇教駿、備征及外州增之。
Divine Cavalry: eighteen commands. Thirteen at Yongqiu, five at Xianping. Established in Duangong 2 from newly assigned Fierce Awesome troops and Training Steeds, loaned-service, and other units. In Chunhua 2, the Lasso Army was abolished and absorbed into it. Expanded in Xianping 2 with Training Steeds, campaign-ready troops, and men from outer prefectures.
68
驍雄指揮四。 咸平、陳留各二。 太平興國八年，遷驍猛中次等者立。 景德中，以驍騎、驍勝、寧朔軍年多者隸之。
Fierce Awesome: four commands. Two each at Xianping and Chenliu. Established in Taiping Xingguo 8 by transferring second-rank Fierce Fierce troops. During Jingde, older troops from Fierce Cavalry, Fierce Victor, and Secure Frontier were transferred to it.
69
吐渾直指揮三。 太原二，潞一。 太平興國八年，太原遷雲州及河界吐渾立，屯並、代州。 雍熙三年，又得雲、朔歸明吐渾增立，屯潞州。
Tuhun Direct: three commands. Two at Taiyuan, one at Lu. Established in Taiping Xingguo 8 by relocating Tuhun from Yun Prefecture and the Yellow River frontier; garrisoned at Bing and Dai. Expanded in Yongxi 3 with returned Tuhun from Yun and Shuo; garrisoned at Lu Prefecture.
70
安慶直四。 太原一，潞三。 太平興國四年，遷雲、朔及河東歸明安慶民分屯並、潞等州，給以土田。 雍熙四年立。
Anqing Direct: four. One at Taiyuan, three at Lu. In Taiping Xingguo 4, returned Anqing people from Yun, Shuo, and Hedong were resettled at Bing, Lu, and other prefectures and granted farmland. Established in Yongxi 4.
71
三部落指揮一。 太原。 太平興國四年，親征幽州，遷雲、朔、應等州部落於并州，因立。
Three Tribes: one command. At Taiyuan. Established in Taiping Xingguo 4 when tribes from Yun, Shuo, Ying, and other prefectures were relocated to Bing during the personal campaign against Youzhou.
72
清朔指揮四。 西京二，許、汝各一。 太平興國四年，遷雲、朔州民於內地，得自置馬以爲騎兵，謂之家戶馬。 雍熙四年立。
Clear Frontier: four commands. Two at the Western Capital; one each at Xu and Ru. In Taiping Xingguo 4, Yun and Shuo people resettled inland could provide their own horses as cavalry—called Household Cavalry. Established in Yongxi 4.
73
擒戎指揮五。 西京、許各二，汝一。 太平興國四年，遷雲、朔州民於西京、許汝等州，給以土田，充家戶馬。 端拱二年立。
Capture Barbarians: five commands. Two each at the Western Capital and Xu; one at Ru. In Taiping Xingguo 4, Yun and Shuo people were resettled at the Western Capital, Xu, Ru, and elsewhere, granted farmland, and enrolled as Household Cavalry. Established in Duangong 2.
74
新安內員僚直五。 端拱二年，成德軍節度使田重進言； 「易州靜砦兵先屯鎮州，賊陷勇陷穀，盡俘其家，請以其軍備宿衛。」 因而立此直。 後廢，天聖後無。
Xin'an Inner Staff Direct: five. In Duangong 2, Chengde Army military commissioner Tian Chongjin said: 'The Yizhou Quiet Fort garrison had first been posted at Zhen Prefecture. When bandits seized Yong Trap Valley, they captured every man's family. I ask that this unit be assigned to palace guard duty.' On this basis the Direct unit was established. Later abolished; none existed after Tiansheng.
75
散祗候左右班二。 天聖前無。
Dispersed Palace Attendants, left and right units: two. None existed before Tiansheng.
76
步鬥指揮六。 尉氏、太康各一，蔡四。 慶曆中增置，天聖前無。
Foot Combat: six commands. One each at Weishi and Taikang; four at Cai. Added during Qingli; none existed before Tiansheng.
77
御龍直左右二。 舊號簇御馬直，太平興國二年改爲簇御龍直，後改今名。
Imperial Dragon Direct, left and right units: two. Formerly Cluster Imperial Horse Direct; renamed Cluster Imperial Dragon Direct in Taiping Xingguo 2, and later given its present name.
78
御龍骨朵子直左右二。 舊號骨䤪子直，太平興國二年改爲御龍散手直，後改今名。
Imperial Dragon Bone Mace Direct, left and right units: two. Formerly Bone Mace Direct; renamed Imperial Dragon Dispersed Hand Direct in Taiping Xingguo 2, and later given its present name.
79
御龍弓箭直五。 選天武諸軍材貌魁傑者充。
Imperial Dragon Bow and Arrow Direct: five. Filled by selection from Heavenly Martial troops of outstanding physique and appearance.
80
御龍弩直五。
Imperial Dragon Crossbow Direct: five.
81
天武並寬衣、钅屈直、左射，總指揮三十四。 京師三十三，咸平一。
Heavenly Martial together with Loose-Robe, Bent Spear Direct, and Left Archer: thirty-four commands in all. Thirty-three at the capital; one at Xianping.
82
神勇上下共二十一指揮。 乾德中，揀閱諸軍壯實而大體者立爲雄威。 太平興國二年，改爲雄勇。 雍熙四年改今名。 淳化四年，選武藝超絕者立爲上神勇，以備擒盜。
Divine Valor, upper and lower wings: twenty-one commands in all. In the Qiande era, strong, solid, large-bodied troops were selected from other armies to establish Awesome Might. Renamed Fierce Valor in Taiping Xingguo 2. Given its present name, Divine Valor, in Yongxi 4. In Chunhua 4, troops of surpassing martial skill were selected as Upper Divine Valor to hunt bandits.
83
宣武上下共二十指揮。 京師。 太平興國二年，並效節、忠猛二軍立，又選諸軍及鄉兵增之。 至道二年，又選軍頭司步直善用槍槊掉刀者立殿前步直，後廢。
Manifest Martial, upper and lower wings: twenty commands in all. At the capital. Established in Taiping Xingguo 2 together with the Effect Integrity and Loyal Fierce armies, then augmented by selection from other armies and militia. In Zhidao 2, skilled spear-, halberd-, and blade-fighting men were selected from the Army Head Bureau Foot Direct to establish Palace Front Foot Direct; the unit was later abolished.
84
虎翼太平興國中，揀雄武弩手立爲上鐵林，又于雄武、定遠、寧勝床子弩手、飛山雄武等軍選勁兵以增其數。 雍熙四年，改分左右四軍。 淳化四年，選本軍精銳者爲上虎翼，以備禽盜。 咸平二年，並廣勇軍隸之。 大中祥符六年，詔在京諸軍選江、淮士卒善水者習戰于金明池，立爲虎翼水軍。 舊指揮六十二，景德中增六。 京師。
In the Taiping Xingguo era, Awesome Martial crossbowmen were selected to form Upper Iron Forest under Tiger Wing; strong troops were also drawn from Awesome Martial, Secure Distance, Secure Victor Bed-Frame Crossbowmen, Flying Mountain Awesome Martial, and other regiments to increase its strength. In Yongxi 4, it was divided into left and right wings of four armies each. In Chunhua 4, this army's elite were selected as Upper Tiger Wing to hunt bandits. In Xianping 2, the Broad Valor army was also placed under its command. In Dazhong Xiangfu 6, an edict ordered Jiang and Huai troops skilled in water warfare selected from the capital armies to drill at Jinming Pool and enrolled as Tiger Wing Navy. It had formerly sixty-two commands; six were added in the Jingde era. At the capital.
85
雄勇舊號雄威，太平興國二年改今名。 雍熙四年，改神勇，復於本軍選退入次等者爲之。 舊指揮五，至和五年增爲八。 咸平三，鄆二，許、鄭、滑各一。
Fierce Valor was formerly Awesome Might; it received its present name in Taiping Xingguo 2. In Yongxi 4 it was renamed Divine Valor; demoted second-rank men from that army were then selected to re-form Fierce Valor. It had formerly five commands; increased to eight in Zhihe 5. Three at Xianping; two at Yan; one each at Xu, Zheng, and Hua.
86
廣德開寶四年，平廣南，以其兵隸殿前司，次等隸八作司，闕則選廣南諸州兵補之。 雍熙三年，選八作司之強壯者爲揀中。 總指揮十。 咸平、尉氏、陽武、河陽、滄、鞏、白波各一，西京三。
Broad Virtue was established in Kaibao 4 when the south was pacified. Its troops entered the Palace Front Bureau, second-rank men the Eight Works Bureau; vacancies were filled from southern prefectural troops. In Yongxi 3, strong men from the Eight Works Bureau were selected into the Selected unit. Ten commands in all. One each at Xianping, Weishi, Yangwu, Heyang, Cang, Gong, and White Wave; three at the Western Capital.
87
廣勇淳化二年，選神射、鞭箭、雄武、效忠等軍強壯善射者立爲廣武，大中祥符二年改今名。 舊指揮二十三，慶曆中增爲四十三，每指揮十爲一軍。 京師五，陳留二十二，咸平、東明、太原、胙城、南京各二，襄邑、陽武、鄆各一，滑三。
Broad Valor was established in Chunhua 2 from strong archers selected out of Divine Archer, Whip Arrow, Awesome Martial, Effect Loyalty, and other armies under the name Broad Martial; it received its present name in Dazhong Xiangfu 2. It had formerly twenty-three commands, increased to forty-three during Qingli; every ten commands formed one army. Five at the capital; twenty-two at Chenliu; two each at Xianping, Dongming, Taiyuan, Zuocheng, and the Southern Capital; one each at Xiangyi, Yangwu, and Yan; three at Hua.
88
廣捷舊名左右平遠，建隆二年改。 咸平五年，又選廣德、神威等軍教以標槍旁牌補之。 舊指揮五，景祐中增五，明道中增十，慶曆增三十六，總五十六。 陳留八，咸平六，雍丘四，襄邑、尉氏、許各三，太康、扶溝、南京、亳、河陰、潁、寧陵各二，陳六，滑、曹、鄧、蔡、廣濟、穀熟、永城、襄城、葉各一。
Broad Swift was formerly Left and Right Pacify Distance; renamed in Jianlong 2. In Xianping 5, vacancies were filled by men from Broad Virtue, Divine Awesome, and other armies trained in standard spears and side shields. It had formerly five commands, five added in Jingyou, ten in Mingdao, and thirty-six in Qingli—for fifty-six in all. Eight at Chenliu; six at Xianping; four at Yongqiu; three each at Xiangyi, Weishi, and Xu; two each at Taikang, Fugou, the Southern Capital, Bo, Heyin, Ying, and Ningling; six at Chen; one each at Hua, Cao, Deng, Cai, Guangji, Gushu, Yongcheng, Xiangcheng, and Ye.
89
雄威雍熙四年，選神勇兵退入第二等立爲神威，後改今名。 指揮十。 考城、襄邑、陳留各一，南京四，陳二。
In Yongxi 4, Divine Valor troops demoted to second rank were selected to form Divine Awesome, later renamed Awesome Might. Ten commands. One each at Kaocheng, Xiangyi, and Chenliu; four at the Southern Capital; two at Chen.
90
宣威雍熙四年，選神勇、宣武兵退入次等者立。 上下指揮二。 咸平、襄邑各一。
Established in Yongxi 4 from demoted Divine Valor and Manifest Martial troops under the name Manifest Prestige. Upper and lower wings: two commands. One each at Xianping and Xiangyi.
91
龍騎建隆間以諸道招致及捕獲群寇立，號有馬步人，見陣即步鬥。 淳化三年，選本軍年多者爲帶甲剩員。 咸平以後，又以本軍及龍猛退兵增之。 舊指揮八，康定中，取配隸充軍者增置爲指揮二十，分三軍。 京師四，尉氏、雍丘、咸平、鄭各二，南京、陳、蔡、河陽、潁、單、四波各一。
Dragon Cavalry was established in the Jianlong era by recruiting across the circuits and capturing bandit bands. Its men were called horse-and-foot fighters: at the sight of the enemy line they dismounted to fight. In Chunhua 3, older men in this army were selected as Armored Surplus Attendants. After Xianping it was further augmented from this army and demoted Dragon Fierce troops. It had formerly eight commands; in the Kangding era, men assigned to penal military service were enrolled to raise it to twenty commands in three armies. Four at the capital; two each at Weishi, Yongqiu, Xianping, and Zheng; one each at the Southern Capital, Chen, Cai, Heyang, Ying, Shan, and White Wave.
92
步鬥雍熙三年，選諸州廂軍之壯勇者立，後廢。 此下二軍，天聖後無。
Foot Combat was established in Yongxi 3 from strong, brave garrison troops of the prefectures; it was later abolished. Neither of the two armies below existed after Tiansheng.
93
鞭箭雍熙三年，選兩浙兵爲鞭箭，次等者爲忠節鞭箭。 端拱二年並爲一。 至道元年，發此兵援靈州芻粟，喪車重兵器於浦洛河，詔免死，後廢。
Whip Arrow was established in Yongxi 3 from Liang-Zhe troops; second-rank men formed Loyal Integrity Whip Arrow. Merged into one unit in Duangong 2. In Zhidao 1, this unit was sent to convoy forage to Ling Prefecture and lost wagons and heavy weapons at the Pulu River. An edict spared them from execution; the unit was later abolished.
94
侍衛司侍衛親軍馬步軍都指揮使、副都指揮使、都虞候各一人。 馬軍都指揮使、副都指揮使、都虞候各一人，步軍亦如之。 自馬步軍都虞候已上，其員全闕，即馬、步軍都指揮使等各領其務，與殿前號爲三司。 馬步軍有龍衛神衛左右四廂都指揮使、都虞候。 每指揮有指揮使、副指揮使。 余如殿前司之制。 所領騎兵步兵之額敘列如左：
The Imperial Guard Bureau had one commander-in-chief, one deputy commander-in-chief, and one chief adjutant for its Personal Guard cavalry and infantry. The Cavalry Bureau and Infantry Bureau each had one commander-in-chief, one deputy commander-in-chief, and one chief adjutant. When the chief adjutant posts and above were unfilled, the cavalry and infantry commanders-in-chief each handled their own duties; together with the Palace Front Bureau they were called the Three Bureaus. Cavalry and infantry had four-wing commanders-in-chief and chief adjutants for Dragon Guard and Divine Guard left and right. Each command had a commander and deputy commander. All other ranks followed the Palace Front Bureau system. The cavalry and infantry under its command are listed below:
95
員僚直顯德中，周平三關，召募強人及選高陽關馳捷兵爲北面兩直。 建隆初，選諸州騎兵及蕃鎮廳頭召募人等爲左三直。 太平興國四年，平太原，選其騎兵爲右三直。 北面兩直，營貝、冀隸高陽關都部署。 大中祥符中，改爲貝州左直、冀州右直，後改四直。 京師二，恩、冀各一。
Staff Direct was established in the Xiangde era when Zhou pacified the Three Passes, recruiting strong men and selecting swift Gaoyang Pass troops as two northern Direct units. At the start of Jianlong, prefectural cavalry and frontier hall-head recruits were selected as the left three Direct units. In Taiping Xingguo 4, after Taiyuan was pacified, its cavalry were selected as the right three Direct units. The two northern Direct units were encamped at Bei and Ji under the Gaoyang Pass supreme commander. In the Dazhong Xiangfu era they became Bei Prefecture Left Direct and Ji Prefecture Right Direct; later reorganized as four Direct units. Two at the capital; one each at En and Ji.
96
龍衛舊號護聖。 周廣順中，改龍捷。 建隆二年，揀去衰老，以諸州所募精勁者補之。 太平興國二年，改分左、右廂。 四年，平太原，選其降兵爲揀中龍衛。 雍熙二年，又揀善槍槊者爲钅屈直。 淳化三年，選剩員堪披甲者爲帶甲剩員。 五年，又揀善左射者爲左射。 指揮四十四。 京師三十八，雍丘、尉氏、河陽各一，澶三。
Dragon Guard was formerly Protect Sage. Renamed Dragon Swift under Zhou in the Guangshun era. In Jianlong 2, the aged were weeded out and replaced with elite prefectural recruits. Divided into left and right wings in Taiping Xingguo 2. In year 4, after Taiyuan was pacified, surrendered troops were selected into Selected Dragon Guard. In Yongxi 2, men skilled with spear and halberd were selected for Bent Spear Direct. In Chunhua 3, surplus attendants fit for armor were selected as Armored Surplus Attendants. In year 5, skilled left-handed archers were selected for Left Archer. Forty-four commands. Thirty-eight at the capital; one each at Yongqiu, Weishi, and Heyang; three at Chan.
97
忠猛咸平一年置。 指揮一。 定州。
Loyal Fierce was established in Xianping 1. One command. At Ding Prefecture.
98
散員咸平五年置。 指揮一。 定州。
Dispersed Attendants was established in Xianping 5. One command. At Ding Prefecture.
99
驍捷周顯德中，平三關，揀諸州士卒壯勇者爲河北驍捷。 宋初，隸高陽關都部署。 建隆二年，廢左右驍武，以其兵來隸。 乾德中，又選備征及嵐州歸附之兵爲河南驍捷，其後止以驍捷爲名。 太平興國四年，平太原，揀閱降兵爲揀中驍捷。 淳化四年，又置新立驍捷。 至道三年，分驍捷爲左、右廂。 咸平五年，以其年多者爲帶甲剩員。 指揮二十六。 尉氏新立、陳揀中各一，恩十四，冀十。
Fierce Swift was established in the Zhou Xiangde era when the Three Passes were pacified, selecting strong, brave prefectural troops as Hebei Fierce Swift. At the start of the Song it was under the Gaoyang Pass supreme commander. In Jianlong 2, Left and Right Fierce Martial were abolished and their troops were absorbed into it. In the Qiande era, Prepared Campaign and Lan Prefecture surrendered troops were selected as Henan Fierce Swift; later only the name Fierce Swift was kept. In Taiping Xingguo 4, after Taiyuan was pacified, surrendered troops were inspected and selected into Selected Fierce Swift. Newly Established Fierce Swift was added in Chunhua 4. Fierce Swift was divided into left and right wings in Zhidao 3. In Xianping 5, its older men were made Armored Surplus Attendants. Twenty-six commands. One each for Weishi Newly Established and Chen Selected; fourteen at En; ten at Ji.
100
雲騎舊號左右備征，建隆二年改。 開寶以後，募子弟爲雲騎，以其次爲武騎，又選騎兵之次等爲武騎，又選本軍年多者爲帶甲剩員。 指揮十五。 京師十一，陳留、西京各一，鞏二。
Cloud Cavalry was formerly Left and Right Prepared Campaign; renamed in Jianlong 2. After Kaibao, younger kinsmen were recruited as Cloud Cavalry and second-rank men as Martial Cavalry; second-rank cavalry were also enrolled as Martial Cavalry, and older men in the unit as Armored Surplus Attendants. Fifteen commands. Eleven at the capital; one each at Chenliu and the Western Capital; two at Gong.
101
歸明神武太平興國四年，親征幽州，以其降兵立此軍。 初指揮一，後增爲四。 雍丘。
Returned-to-Civilization Divine Martial was established in Taiping Xingguo 4 with surrendered troops during the personal campaign against Youzhou. It began with one command and later grew to four. At Yongqiu.
102
克勝本潞州騎兵，端拱初升。 指揮二。 潞。
Overcome Victor began as Luzhou cavalry and was promoted at the start of Duangong. Two commands. At Lu.
103
驍銳舊名散員指揮，咸平四年改。 指揮四。 莫三，冀一。
Fierce Sharp was formerly Dispersed Attendants command; renamed in Xianping 4. Four commands. Three at Mo, one at Ji.
104
驍武本河北諸州忠烈、威邊、騎射等兵。 淳化四年，揀閱其材，與雲騎、武騎等立，得自置馬，分左、右廂。 指揮二十。 北京七，真定三，定六，相、懷、洺、邢各一。
Fierce Martial drew originally on Loyal Fierce, Awesome Border, Mounted Archers, and other Hebei prefectural troops. In Chunhua 4, the ablest were inspected and selected; the unit was established with Cloud Cavalry, Martial Cavalry, and others, allowed to provide their own horses, and divided into left and right wings. Twenty commands. Seven at the Northern Capital; three at Zhending; six at Ding; one each at Xiang, Huai, Ming, and Xing.
105
武清晉州騎兵。 端拱二年，以其久在北鄙，有屯戍之勞，選勇悍者就升。 指揮一。 晉。
Martial Clear was Jin Prefecture cavalry. In Duangong 2, men who had long garrisoned the northern frontier were rewarded for that service by promoting the bravest and fiercest among them. One command. At Jin.
106
有馬勁勇咸平四年，選江東諸州兵立。 慶曆中，分置第六、第七。 總指揮七。 太原二，代、嵐各一，磁三。
Mounted Fierce Valor was established in Xianping 4 from Jiangdong prefectural troops. During Qingli, the Sixth and Seventh commands were added separately. Seven commands in all. Two at Taiyuan; one each at Dai and Lan; three at Ci.
107
雲翼舊指揮三十三，景祐以後，增置二十三，分左、右廂，總五十六。 真定、雄、瀛、深、趙、永寧各三，定、冀各六，保五，滄、北平、永靜、順安、保定各二，莫、邢、霸各一，廣信、安肅各四。
Cloud Wing began with thirty-three commands; after Jingyou, twenty-three more were added in left and right wings, for fifty-six in all. Three each at Zhending, Xiong, Ying, Shen, Zhao, and Yongning; six each at Ding and Ji; five at Bao; two each at Cang, Beiping, Yongjing, Shun'an, and Baoding; one each at Mo, Xing, and Ba; four each at Guangxin and Ansu.
108
廳子本石州城立。 景德元年，改徙營相州。 慶曆初，升禁軍。 指揮六。 定一，相五。
Hall Sons was originally raised at Shizhou city. In Jingde 1, it was moved to encamp at Xiang Prefecture. At the start of Qingli, it was promoted to the Palace Army. Six commands. One at Ding, five at Xiang.
109
萬捷開寶中，募趙、相、滄、冀州民立。 大中祥符中，以驍武、雲騎退兵隸之。 指揮七。 相、冀、遼各二，滄一。
Myriad Swift was established in the Kaibao era by recruiting civilians from Zhao, Xiang, Cang, and Ji. During Dazhong Xiangfu, demobilized troops from Fierce Martial and Cloud Cavalry were transferred to it. Seven commands. Two each at Xiang, Ji, and Liao; one at Cang.
110
雲捷太平興國四年，選諸軍中應募子弟及教駿、借事、備征等有武幹者立。 大中祥符五年，以寧朔退兵隸之。 指揮十二。 尉氏、咸平、西京、北京、澶各二，汝、懷各一。
Cloud Swift was established in Taiping Xingguo 4 from recruited army sons and from Training Steeds, loaned-service, campaign-ready, and other troops with martial ability. In Dazhong Xiangfu 5, demobilized troops from Secure Frontier were transferred to it. Twelve commands. Two each at Weishi, Xianping, the Western Capital, the Northern Capital, and Chan; one each at Ru and Huai.
111
橫塞咸平三年，選諸軍威邊、騎射及在京借事立。 指揮七。 雍丘、咸平、考城、襄邑、寧陵各一，衛二。
Cross Barrier was established in Xianping 3 from Awesome Border and Mounted Archers in the various armies and loaned-service troops in the capital. Seven commands. One each at Yongqiu, Xianping, Kaocheng, Xiangyi, and Ningling; two at Wei.
112
員僚剩員直禁軍員僚以罪責降者充。 此下至騎捷凡六軍，天聖後無。
Staff Surplus Attendants Direct was filled by Palace Army staff demoted for misconduct. From here through Cavalry Swift there were six armies in all; after Tiansheng they ceased to exist.
113
清塞周立，指揮二。 其一北蕃歸附之衆，營壽州； 其一破淮南紫金山砦所得騎軍，營延州。 宋初，選本軍子弟補其缺。 太平興國三年，又得泉州、兩浙兵以益之。
Clear Barrier was established under Zhou with two commands. One drew on northern tribesmen who submitted and encamped at Shou Prefecture; the other was cavalry captured at the Purple Gold Mountain stockade in Huainan and encamped at Yan Prefecture. Early in the dynasty, sons of this army were selected to fill its vacancies. In Taiping Xingguo 3, troops from Quanzhou and the Two Zhes were added to augment it.
114
飛捷本威虜軍、保州、易州靜塞兵、定州廳子軍立。 淳化元年，詔赴闕揀閱，以靜塞爲三等，廳子爲一等，改今名。 指揮四。
Flying Swift was originally raised from the Awesome Captive Army, Ba Prefecture and Yizhou Quiet Border troops, and the Dingzhou Hall Sons army. In Chunhua 1, an edict ordered them to court for inspection; Quiet Border was ranked third class and Hall Sons first class, and they received the present name Flying Swift. Four commands.
115
驍駿本壽州鹹聖軍，咸平三年改。 指揮一。
Fierce Steed was originally the Shou Prefecture Salt Sage army; renamed in Xianping 3. One command.
116
揀中夏州廳子本夏州家戶。 淳化五年，河西行營都部署李繼隆遣部送京師立，指揮一。
Selected Xiazhou Hall Sons was originally Xia Prefecture household troops. In Chunhua 5, Hedong Frontier Campaign Commander-in-Chief Li Jilong sent them escorted to the capital to establish the unit with one command.
117
騎捷本雍州強人指揮，咸平三年改。 分營瀛、莫。 指揮四。
Cavalry Swift was originally Yong Prefecture Strong Men command; renamed in Xianping 3. It was divided to encamp at Ying and Mo. Four commands.
118
武騎指揮一十一。 京師、雍丘各一，尉氏三，陳留、考城、咸平、鄭各一，西京二。 此下至有馬雄略凡十二軍。 《三朝志》無。
Martial Cavalry: eleven commands. One each at the capital and Yongqiu; three at Weishi; one each at Chenliu, Kaocheng, Xianping, and Zheng; two at the Western Capital. From here through Mounted Bold Strategy there were twelve armies in all. The Three Reigns Annals does not mention them.
119
驍騎指揮一，太原。
Fierce Cavalry: one command at Taiyuan.
120
無敵河北沿邊廂兵，慶曆二年升禁軍。 總指揮六。 定、北平各二，安肅、廣信各一。
Invincible was Hebei frontier garrison troops promoted to the Palace Army in Qingli 2. Six commands in all. Two each at Ding and Beiping; one each at Ansu and Guangxin.
121
忠銳廣信廂兵有馬者，慶曆二年升禁軍。 指揮一。
Loyal Sharp was mounted men among Guangxin garrison troops promoted to the Palace Army in Qingli 2. One command.
122
威邊諸州廂兵，惟保州教戰射，隸巡檢司。 慶曆初，升禁軍。 指揮二。 定、保各一。
Awesome Border garrison troops of the various prefectures were under the inspection office; only Ba Prefecture drilled battle archery. At the start of Qingli, it was promoted to the Palace Army. Two commands. One each at Ding and Bao.
123
飛騎麟州廂兵，慶曆初，升禁軍。 指揮二。
Flying Cavalry was Lin Prefecture garrison troops promoted to the Palace Army at the start of Qingli. Two commands.
124
威遠府州廂兵，本胡騎之精銳，慶曆初，升禁軍。 指揮二。
Awesome Distance was Fuzhou garrison troops, originally elite Hu cavalry, promoted to the Palace Army at the start of Qingli. Two commands.
125
克戎并州廂軍有馬者，康定中，升禁軍。 指揮一。
Subdue Barbarians was mounted men among Bing Prefecture garrison troops promoted to the Palace Army in the Kangding era. One command.
126
有馬安塞慶州廂軍，慶曆中，升禁軍。 指揮一。
Mounted Secure Border was Qing Prefecture garrison troops promoted to the Palace Army during Qingli. One command.
127
蕃落陝西沿邊廂兵有馬者，天禧後，升禁軍，極邊城砦悉置。 至慶曆中，總指揮八十三。 環五，延、慶各四，秦並外砦十七，原、渭並外砦各十二，德順並外砦十二，鳳翔、涇並外砦、儀、保安各二，隴外一。
Tribal Frontier was mounted Shaanxi frontier garrison troops promoted to the Palace Army after Tianxi and posted to every outermost frontier city and stockade. By the Qingli era, it totaled eighty-three commands. Five at Huan; four each at Yan and Qing; seventeen at Qin and its outer stockades; twelve each at Yuan and Wei and their outer stockades; twelve at Deshun and its outer stockades; two each at Fengxiang, Jing and its outer stockades, Yi, and Bao'an; one at Long outer.
128
并州騎射諸道廂軍惟并州路有馬備征役，慶曆五年升禁軍。 指揮一。
Bing Prefecture Mounted Archers was the only circuit garrison with mounted men ready for campaign service; it was promoted to the Palace Army in Qingli 5. One command.
129
有馬雄略至和二年置，指揮三。 廣、桂、邕各一。
Mounted Bold Strategy was established in Zhihe 2 with three commands. One each at Guang, Gui, and Yong.
130
神衛晉曰奉國軍，周改虎捷。 建隆二年，揀閱諸州所募禁軍增補。 乾德三年，西川行營都部署王全斌偽署感化、耀武等軍平寇者功，請備禁旅，詔並爲虎捷。 太平興國二年改。 舊水虎翼即軍中習水戰者，是歲改爲神衛水軍，又於剩員中選可備征役者立爲揀中神衛。 大中祥符後，剩員又有帶甲、看倉草場、看船之名，凡四等，皆選本軍年多者補。 宋初，指揮四十六，仁宗後，止存指揮三十一。 京師。
Divine Guard was called the Nation-Supporting Army under Jin and renamed Tiger Swift under Zhou. In Jianlong 2, recruited Palace Army troops from the various prefectures were inspected and selected to fill it out. In Qiande 3, Western Sichuan Frontier Campaign Commander-in-Chief Wang Quanbin credited the pacification achievements of the puppet-commissioned Ganhua, Yaowu, and other armies and asked that they serve as Palace Army; an edict made them all Tiger Swift. Renamed in Taiping Xingguo 2. The old Water Tiger Wing were army men trained for water combat; that year they became Divine Guard Navy, and from surplus attendants fit for campaign service Selected Divine Guard was also established. After Dazhong Xiangfu, surplus attendants also included Armored, Granary-and-Meadow Watch, and Boat Watch—four grades in all—filled by the oldest men in the unit. At the start of the dynasty there were forty-six commands; after Renzong, only thirty-one remained. At the capital.
131
步武本鄉軍選充神勇、宣武，雍熙三年，揀其次等者立。 慶曆中，增指揮六。 陳。
Foot Martial was originally militia selected for Divine Valor and Manifest Martial; in Yongxi 3, second-rank men were selected to establish it. Six commands were added during Qingli. At Chen.
132
虎翼宋初，號雄武弩手。 太平興國二年，選壯勇者爲上鐵林，其次爲下鐵林。 雍熙四年，改爲左、右廂，各三軍。 咸平五年，以威虎軍來隸。 景德三年，選效順兵補其缺。 大中祥符五年，擇本軍善水戰者爲上虎翼，六，年又選江、淮習水卒于金明池按試戰棹，立爲虎翼軍。 江、浙、淮南諸州，亦准此選置。 七年，改爲虎翼水軍。 舊指揮七十五，慶曆中，增置二十一，總九十六。 京師九十並水軍一，襄邑、東明、單各一，長葛一。
Tiger Wing was originally called Awesome Martial crossbowmen in the early Song. In Taiping Xingguo 2, the strong and brave became Upper Iron Forest and the next rank Lower Iron Forest. In Yongxi 4, it was reorganized into left and right wings of three armies each. In Xianping 5, the Fierce Tiger Army was incorporated into this unit. In Jingde 3, Loyal Submission troops were selected to fill its gaps. In Dazhong Xiangfu 5, six men of this army skilled in naval combat were chosen as Upper Tiger Wing; the next year, water-trained soldiers from the Jiang and Huai regions were examined on war boats at Jinming Pool and enrolled as Tiger Wing Army. Prefectures of Jiang, Zhe, and Huainan were likewise organized by the same selection. In the seventh year, it was renamed Tiger Wing Naval Force. It formerly numbered seventy-five commands; twenty-one were added during Qingli, for ninety-six in all. Ninety at the capital plus one naval unit; one each at Xiangyi, Dongming, and Shan; one at Changge.
133
奉節乾德三年平蜀，得其兵立爲奉議，後改今名。 景德三年，又選立上奉節。 指揮五，京師。
Reverent Obedience was established in Qiande 3 with troops taken when Shu was pacified, first as Reverent Counsel and later renamed. In Jingde 3, Upper Reverent Obedience was again selected and established. Five commands at the capital.
134
武衛太平興國中，募河北諸州兵立。 舊指揮十六，慶曆中，河北增置爲指揮六十七。 南京、真定、淄各四，北京、澶、相、邢、懷、趙、棣、洺、德、祁、通利、乾寧、廣濟各一，青五，鄆、徐、兗、曹、濮、沂、濟、單、萊、濰、登、淮陽、瀛、博各二，齊、密、滄各三。
Martial Guard was established during Taiping Xingguo by recruiting troops from Hebei prefectures. It formerly numbered sixteen commands; during Qingli, Hebei additions raised it to sixty-seven. Four each at the Southern Capital, Zhending, and Zi; one each at the Northern Capital, Chan, Xiang, Xing, Huai, Zhao, Di, Ming, De, Qi, Tongli, Qianning, and Guangji; five at Qing; two each at Yun, Xu, Yan, Cao, Pu, Yi, Ji, Shan, Lai, Wei, Deng, Huaiyang, Ying, and Bo; three each at Qi, Mi, and Cang.
135
雄武並雄武弩手、床子弩雄武、揀中雄武、飛山雄武、揀中歸明雄武，總指揮三十四。 京師十三，太原、尉氏、南京、鄭、汝、寧陵各二，咸平、東明、雍丘、襄邑、許、曹、廣濟、穀熟、長葛各一。
Awesome Martial, together with Awesome Martial crossbowmen, bed-frame crossbow Awesome Martial, Selected Awesome Martial, Flying Mountain Awesome Martial, and Selected Returned-to-Light Awesome Martial, totaled thirty-four commands. Thirteen at the capital; two each at Taiyuan, Weishi, the Southern Capital, Zheng, Ru, and Ningling; one each at Xianping, Dongming, Yongqiu, Xiangyi, Xu, Cao, Guangji, Gushu, and Changge.
136
川效忠太平興四三年，選諸州廂兵歸京師者立。 淳化四年，又選川峽威棹、克寧兵部送京師者產爲川效忠。 景德元年，以德清廂軍及威遠兵增之。 舊指揮二十八，後減爲七。 南京六，寧陵一。
Sichuan Effect Loyalty was established in Taiping Xingguo 3 by selecting garrison troops from various prefectures who had been sent back to the capital. In Chunhua 4, Weizhao and Kening troops from the Sichuan gorges who had been escorted to the capital were again enrolled as Sichuan Effect Loyalty. In Jingde 1, it was supplemented with Deqing garrison troops and Weiyuan troops. It formerly numbered twenty-eight commands and was later reduced to seven. Six at the Southern Capital; one at Ningling.
137
效順宋初，征潞州，以降卒立。 指揮一。 襄邑。
Loyal Submission was established in the early Song with surrendered troops from the Luzhou campaign. One command. At Xiangyi.
138
雄勝開寶中，以剩員立。 太平興國中，選入上鐵林，餘如故。 又有雄勝剩員。 指揮三。 峽、冀、濟各一。
Fierce Victor was established during Kaibao from surplus personnel. During Taiping Xingguo, selected men were transferred to Upper Iron Forest while the rest remained unchanged. There was also a Fierce Victor surplus contingent. Three commands. One each at Xia, Ji, and Jizhou.
139
揀中雄勇開寶中立，以常寧雄勇、效順等軍剩員中選其強者立爲揀中。 大中祥符二年，又選歸遠軍爲新立。 舊指揮四，後損爲一。 襄邑。
Selected Fierce Valor was established in Kaibao by choosing the strongest surplus men from Changning Fierce Valor, Loyal Submission, and other units. In Dazhong Xiangfu 2, Return Distance troops were again selected for a new unit. It formerly numbered four commands and was later reduced to one. At Xiangyi.
140
懷勇開寶四年，揀蜀兵之在京師者立，指揮三。 雍丘二，陳一。
Cherish Valor was established in Kaibao 4 by selecting Sichuan troops then at the capital; three commands. Two at Yongqiu; one at Chen.
141
威寧淳化中，部送西川賊帥五小波脅從之兵歸京師立。 咸平元年，又以散員直增補。 指揮一。 許。
Awesome Tranquility was established during Chunhua with troops coerced into following the western Sichuan bandit Wu Xiaobo, who were escorted back to the capital. In Xianping 1, it was further filled out with Loose Attendant Direct troops. One command. At Xu.
142
飛虎本虎翼、廣武兵屯西川無家屬者，太平興國中，歸京師。 指揮三。 陳留二，咸平一。
Flying Tiger comprised Tiger Wing and Broad Martial troops garrisoned in western Sichuan without families; during Taiping Xingguo they returned to the capital. Three commands. Two at Chenliu; one at Xianping.
143
懷順本淮南兵，舊號懷德。 建隆二年改。 指揮一。 霸。
Cherish Submission was originally Huainan troops formerly known as Cherish Virtue. Renamed in Jianlong 2. One command. At Ba.
144
歸聖開寶七年，以李從善所領兵及水軍立。 八年，平江南，又以其降兵增補，指揮一。 雍丘。
Returned to Sagacity was established in Kaibao 7 with troops under Li Congshan and naval forces. In the eighth year, after Jiangnan was pacified, surrendered troops further supplemented it; one command. At Yongqiu.
145
順聖太平興國中，部送兩浙兵歸京師立。 指揮一。 鞏。
Compliant Sagacity was established during Taiping Xingguo with Liang-Zhe troops escorted back to the capital. One command. At Gong.
146
懷恩乾德三年，平蜀，得其軍立。 指揮三。 荊南二，鄂一。
Cherish Grace was established in Qiande 3 with the army taken when Shu was pacified. Three commands. Two at Jingnan; one at E.
147
揀中懷愛本蜀兵，與懷恩同立，又拔精銳者爲揀中。 淳化四年，又選川峽威棹、克寧兵次等者立爲牽船，以給河漕之役。 舊指揮三，後損爲一。 寧陵。
Selected Cherish Affection was originally Sichuan troops established with Cherish Grace; the finest were then split off as the Selected unit. In Chunhua 4, second-rank Weizhao and Kening troops from the Sichuan gorges were enrolled as Boat-Towing to serve river transport duty. It formerly numbered three commands and was later reduced to one. At Ningling.
148
勇捷太平興國四年，征太原立，分左、右廂，以諸州庫兵補左廂，廣濟、開山兵補右廂。 指揮二十六。 襄邑、北京、澶、陳、壽、汝、曹、宿各二，咸平、西京、南京、亳、甯、洪、河陰、鞏、長葛、韋城各一。
Brave Swift was established in Taiping Xingguo 4 during the Taiyuan campaign, divided into left and right wings; state-store troops from various prefectures filled the left wing and Guangji and Kaishan troops the right. Twenty-six commands. Two each at Xiangyi, the Northern Capital, Chan, Chen, Shou, Ru, Cao, and Su; one each at Xianping, the Western Capital, the Southern Capital, Bo, Ning, Hong, Heyin, Gong, Changge, and Weicheng.
149
威武太平興國四年，征太原立，分左、右廂，以江南歸化兵補左廂，兩浙順化兵補右廂。 大中祥符五年，又立下威武。 共指揮十三。 西京、河陽、鄭、鄆、澶、滑、濮、通利、鞏、河陰、永城各一，曹二。
Martial Awesome was established in Taiping Xingguo 4 during the Taiyuan campaign, divided into left and right wings; Jiangnan Returned-to-Civilization troops filled the left wing and Liang-Zhe Submissive Civilization troops the right. In Dazhong Xiangfu 5, Lower Martial Awesome was again established. Thirteen commands in all. One each at the Western Capital, Heyang, Zheng, Yun, Chan, Hua, Pu, Tongli, Gong, Heyin, and Yongcheng; two at Cao.
150
靜戎弩手選江南歸化兵及諸州廂兵壯實者立。 指揮四。 河陽、澶、衛、通利各一。
Pacifying Frontier crossbowmen were established by selecting Jiangnan Returned-to-Civilization troops and sturdy garrison troops from various prefectures. Four commands. One each at Heyang, Chan, Wei, and Tongli.
151
平塞弩手本兩浙順化軍，揀其強壯立爲弩手，又以江、浙逋負官物隸窯務徒役者爲揀中平塞。 指揮四。 咸平、亳、河陽、白波各一。
Pacifying Barrier crossbowmen were drawn from the Liang-Zhe Submissive Civilization Army, with the strongest selected as crossbowmen; men from Jiang and Zhe who owed government goods and were assigned to kiln labor became Selected Pacifying Barrier. Four commands. One each at Xianping, Bo, Heyang, and White Wave.
152
新立弩手本勁勇兵，太平興國中，選其善弩者立。 指揮一。 廣濟。
Newly Established crossbowmen were drawn from Vigorous Valor troops; during Taiping Xingguo, skilled crossbowmen were selected to form the unit. One command. At Guangji.
153
忠勇咸平五年，以易州兵能禽賊者立。 指揮一。 成都。
Loyal Valor was established in Xianping 5 with Yizhou troops who had proved able to capture bandits. One command. At Chengdu.
154
甯遠大中祥符六年，選西川克寧、威棹兵立。 舊指揮五，皇祐及至和中，增置爲八。 戎三，遂、梓、嘉、雅、江安各一。
Secure Distance was established in Dazhong Xiangfu 6 by selecting Kening and Weizhao troops from western Sichuan. It formerly numbered five commands; during Huangyou through Zhihe, it was increased to eight. Three at Rong; one each at Suí, Zi, Jia, Ya, and Jiang'an.
155
忠節太平興國三年，選諸州廂軍之強壯者立。 淳化四年，又選川峽威棹、克寧兵立爲川忠節。 舊指揮二十四，後增教閱忠節總爲六十。 雍丘、襄邑、寧陵各三，陳留、咸平、東明、亳、河陰、永城各二，南京五，太康、陽武、許、江寧、揚、廬、宿、壽、楚、真、泗、泰、滁、岳、澧、池、歙、信、太平、饒、宣、洪、虔、吉、臨江、興國、廣濟、南康、廣德、長葛各一，合流四。
Loyal Integrity was established in Taiping Xingguo 3 by selecting strong garrison troops from various prefectures. In Chunhua 4, Weizhao and Kening troops from the Sichuan gorges were again enrolled as Sichuan Loyal Integrity. It formerly numbered twenty-four commands; after Drill-Inspected Loyal Integrity was added, the total reached sixty. Three each at Yongqiu, Xiangyi, and Ningling; two each at Chenliu, Xianping, Dongming, Bo, Heyin, and Yongcheng; five at the Southern Capital; one each at Taikang, Yangwu, Xu, Jiangning, Yang, Lu, Su, Shou, Chu, Zhen, Si, Tai, Chuzhou, Yue, Li, Chi, She, Xin, Taiping, Rao, Xuan, Hong, Qian, Ji, Linjiang, Xingguo, Guangji, Nankang, Guangde, and Changge; four at Heliu.
156
神威咸平三年，選京師諸司庫務兵立。 上下指揮十三。 陳留三，許、鞏各二，雍丘、考城、咸平、河陽、廣濟、白波各一。
Divine Awesome was established in Xianping 3 by selecting troops from various bureau storehouses at the capital. Thirteen upper and lower commands in all. Three at Chenliu; two each at Xu and Gong; one each at Yongqiu, Kaocheng, Xianping, Heyang, Guangji, and White Wave.
157
歸遠雍熙三年，王師北征，拔飛狐、靈丘，得其降卒立，咸平二年，選諸州雜犯兵增之。 舊指揮三，天聖中，增置爲十六。 陳、許、亳、壽、宿、鄧、襄、鼎各一，荊南、澧、潭、洪各二。
Return Distance was established in Yongxi 3 when the imperial army marched north, took Feihu and Lingqiu, and enrolled surrendered troops; in Xianping 2, miscellaneous offenders from various prefectures were added. It formerly numbered three commands; during Tiansheng, it was increased to sixteen. One each at Chen, Xu, Bo, Shou, Su, Deng, Xiang, and Ding; two each at Jingnan, Li, Tan, and Hong.
158
雄略咸平六年，選諸州廂兵及香藥遞鋪兵立。 舊指揮十五，皇祐五年，增置爲二十五。 荊南五，潭四，鼎、澧各二，廣、辰、桂各二，許、全、邵、容各一。
Bold Strategy was established in Xianping 6 by selecting garrison troops from various prefectures and spice relay-station troops. It formerly numbered fifteen commands; in Huangyou 5, it was increased to twenty-five. Five at Jingnan; four at Tan; two each at Ding, Li, Guang, Chen, and Gui; one each at Xu, Quan, Shao, and Rong.
159
威猛咸平三年，選諸州廂兵及召募者立。 上下指揮十。 襄邑四，咸平、許、長葛各二。
Fierce Awesome was established in Xianping 3 by selecting garrison troops from various prefectures and recruits. Ten upper and lower commands in all. Four at Xiangyi; two each at Xianping, Xu, and Changge.
160
神銳咸平六年，料簡河東兵立。 大中祥符五年，以本軍及神虎兵年多者爲帶甲剩員。 指揮二十六。 太原六，潞、晉各三，澤、汾、隰、平定各二，代、絳、忻、遼、邢、威勝各一。
Divine Sharp was established in Xianping 6 by assessing and selecting Hedong troops. In Dazhong Xiangfu 5, long-serving men of this army and Divine Tiger troops were made armored surplus personnel. Twenty-six commands. Six at Taiyuan; three each at Lu and Jin; two each at Ze, Fen, Xi, and Pingding; one each at Dai, Jiang, Xin, Liao, Xing, and Weisheng.
161
神虎咸平五年，選陝西州兵馬立。 六年，又料簡河東州兵立，以西路河東兵之。 指揮二十六。 永興六，鳳翔、河中、忻、晉、威勝各二，太原、秦、延、鄜、華各一，潞州三。
Divine Tiger was established in Xianping 5 by selecting Shaanxi prefectural troops and cavalry. In year 6, Hedong prefectural troops were assessed and selected for the unit, drawn from western-route Hedong forces. Twenty-six commands. Six at Yongxing; two each at Fengxiang, Hezhong, Xin, Jin, and Weisheng; one each at Taiyuan, Qin, Yan, Fu, and Hua; three at Luzhou.
162
保捷咸平四年，詔陝西沿邊選鄉丁保毅升充。 舊指揮四十五，慶曆中，揀鄉弓手增置，總一百三十五。 永興十二，同九，秦八，河中、汾、涇各七，渭、寧、耀各六，鳳翔、延、儀、華、隴、解、乾各五，陝、原、鄜各四，成三，慶、鳳、坊、晉、鎮戎各二，環、丹、商、虢、階、慶成、德順各一。
Secure Swift: in Xianping 4, an edict ordered frontier village militia and Secure Resolve troops in Shaanxi promoted into its ranks. It formerly numbered forty-five commands; during Qingli, village archers were selected and added, raising the total to one hundred thirty-five. Twelve at Yongxing; nine at Tong; eight at Qin; seven each at Hezhong, Fen, and Jing; six each at Wei, Ning, and Yao; five each at Fengxiang, Yan, Yi, Hua, Long, Jie, and Qian; four each at Shan, Yuan, and Fu; three at Cheng; two each at Qing, Feng, Fang, Jin, and Zhenrong; one each at Huan, Dan, Shang, Guo, Jie, Qingcheng, and Deshun.
163
振武舊指揮四十，慶曆後，河北增置爲指揮四十二，陝西增置爲指揮三十九，總八十一。 北京、澶、相、懷、衛、霸、莫、祁、棣、趙、濱、洺、保安、永寧、通利、安肅、儀各一，真定、定、瀛、保、恩、邢、深、博、永靜、乾、寧陵、涇各二，延六，邠、隴各七，鄜、寧各五，磁四，滄、原各三。
Quelling Martial formerly numbered forty commands; after Qingli, Hebei was raised to forty-two commands and Shaanxi to thirty-nine, for eighty-one in all. One each at Beijing, Chan, Xiang, Huai, Wei, Ba, Mo, Qi, Di, Zhao, Bin, Ming, Bao'an, Yongning, Tongli, Ansu, and Yi; two each at Zhending, Ding, Ying, Bao, En, Xing, Shen, Bo, Yongjing, Qian, Ningling, and Jing; six at Yan; seven each at Bin and Long; five each at Fu and Ning; four at Ci; three each at Cang and Yuan.
164
橋道太平興國三年，選諸州廂兵次等者立。 淳化四年，又選川峽威棹、克寧爲川橋道。 總指揮十八。 襄邑、咸平、陽武各二，陳留、東明、尉氏、太康、西京、河陽、濮、鄆、鞏、河陰、白波、寧陵各一。
Bridge Road was established in Taiping Xingguo 3 by selecting second-grade garrison troops from various prefectures. In Chunhua 4, the Sichuan Gorges units Mighty Oars and Subdue Tranquility were further selected as Sichuan Bridge Road. Eighteen commands in all. Two each at Xiangyi, Xianping, and Yangwu; one each at Chenliu, Dongming, Weishi, Taikang, Xijing, Heyang, Pu, Yun, Gong, Heyin, Baibo, and Ningling.
165
清塞太平興國初立。 左、右廂，舊指揮二十三，嘉祐中並爲十三。 曹二，鄭、鄆、滑、通利、鞏、河陰、白波、汜水、長葛各一。
Clear Barrier was established at the beginning of the Taiping Xingguo era. Left and right wings; formerly twenty-three commands; during Jiayou, they were consolidated to thirteen. Two at Cao; one each at Zheng, Yun, Hua, Tongli, Gong, Heyin, Baibo, Sishui, and Changge.
166
招收端拱中，獲通州大沙洲賊衆立，缺則以江、浙招致海賊補之。 又收端拱中逃軍來復者，原其罪爲德壽軍，後改今名，隸保州巡檢司，慶曆初，升禁軍，爲指揮十七。 保四，霸、信安各三，定、軍城砦各二，廣信、安肅、順安各一。
Recruitment was established in the Duan Gong period from bandits captured at Tongzhou's Great Sandy Isle; vacancies were filled by recruiting coastal pirates from Jiangsu and Zhejiang. It also enrolled deserters who returned during Duan Gong, pardoned them as the Virtue Longevity Army, later renamed to its present title, and placed under the Baozhou patrol office; at the start of Qingli it was promoted to the Palace Army as seventeen commands. Four at Bao; three each at Ba and Xin'an; two each at Ding and Juncheng Stockade; one each at Guangxin, Ansu, and Shun'an.
167
壯勇本招獲群盜配近京徒役者揀拔立，咸平三年，選諸雜犯兵增之。 至道三年，江、浙發運使楊允恭禽海賊送闕下增補，旋廢。 舊指揮三，慶曆中，增置爲七。 耀、解、滑各二，許一。
Robust Valor was originally raised by selecting captured bandits assigned to corvée near the capital; in Xianping 3, various convict soldiers were selected to augment it. In Zhidao 3, Yang Yungong, transport commissioner for Jiangsu and Zhejiang, captured sea pirates and sent them to court to fill its ranks; the unit was soon abolished. It formerly numbered three commands; during Qingli, it was increased to seven. Two each at Yao, Jie, and Hua; one at Xu.
168
宣效咸平三年，選六軍、窯務、軍營務、天駟監效役、店宅務、州兵立。 景德元年，又揀本軍材勇者爲揀中宣效。 舊指揮五，後損爲二。 京師。
Manifest Effect was established in Xianping 3 by selecting men from the Six Armies, the Kiln Office, the Military Camp Office, Imperial Stud corvée labor, the Hostel Office, and prefectural troops. In Jingde 1, brave and able men of the unit were further selected as Selected Manifest Effect. It formerly numbered five commands; later it was reduced to two. At the capital.
169
來化雍熙中，以飛狐、靈丘歸附之衆立，又以朔州內附牽擺兵立，後廢。 舊指揮三，後損爲二。 寧陵。
Come-to-Transform was established in the Yongxi period from people who submitted at Feihu and Lingqiu, and also from Shizhou surrendered troops redirected inward; it was later abolished. It formerly numbered three commands; later it was reduced to two. At Ningling.
170
歸恩雍熙中，平塞陷邊之民黥面放還立，分有家屬者隸左廂，無者隸右廂。 指揮二。 亳。
Return Grace was established in the Yongxi period from frontier people who had been captured by the enemy, tattooed, and released; those with families served in the left wing, those without in the right. Two commands. At Bo.
171
順化太平興國三年，以兩浙兵之次等者立。 指揮二。 河陽、鄆各一。
Submit-to-Transform was established in Taiping Xingguo 3 from second-grade troops of the Two Zhejiang circuits. Two commands. One each at Heyang and Yun.
172
左右清衛大中祥符八年立，以奉諸宮觀灑掃之役。 指揮二。 此下至強壯軍員凡八軍，天聖後無。
Left and Right Clear Guard was established in Dazhong Xiangfu 8 to perform sweeping and cleaning at the various palaces and temples. Two commands. From here through Robust Army Attendants there were eight armies in all; none remained after the Tiansheng era.
173
川員僚直本西蜀賊全師雄所署將領，乾德中立。
Sichuan Staff Attendants Direct were originally generals appointed by the Western Shu rebel Quan Shixiong; the unit was established in the Qiande period.
174
造船務乾德初，平荊湖，選其軍善治舟楫者立。
The Shipbuilding Office was established in early Qiande, after the pacification of Jinghu, by selecting from that army men skilled at building boats and ships.
175
歸明羽林太平興國四年，征幽州，獲其兵立。
Return-to-Ming Feathered Forest was established in Taiping Xingguo 4 during the campaign against Youzhou from captured enemy troops.
176
新立清河緣河舊置鋪兵以備河決，後揀閱立。 指揮二。
Newly Established Clear River had originally relied on relay-station troops posted along the river against breaches; the unit was later established by inspection and selection. Two commands.
177
保甯大中祥符元年，馬步軍都虞候王超請以病軍經行陣者立。
Secure Tranquility was established in Dazhong Xiangfu 1 at the request of Cavalry and Infantry Vice Commander Wang Chao, using sick troops who had nonetheless seen battle.
178
新立歸化開寶七年，以江南李從善所領部曲水軍立，八年，平江南，又以降兵增之。 指揮一。
Newly Established Return-to-Transform was raised in Kaibao 7 from the naval followers of Li Congshan of Jiangnan; in year 8, after the pacification of Jiangnan, it was augmented with surrendered troops. One command.
179
強壯軍員咸平六年置，指揮一。
Robust Army Attendants were established in Xianping 6 as one command.
180
澄海弩手慶曆二年置，隸海州都巡檢司。 指揮二。 登。 此下至武嚴凡十三軍。
Clear Sea crossbowmen were established in Qingli 2 and placed under the Haizhou supreme patrol office. Two commands. At Deng. From here through Martial Stern there were thirteen armies in all.
181
捉生延州廂兵，天聖五年升禁軍，指揮二。
Capture Alive began as Yanzhou garrison troops; in Tiansheng 5 it was promoted to the Palace Army as two commands.
182
清邊弩手寶元初，選陝西、河東廂軍之伉健者置，以弩手名。 指揮四十三。 太原九，秦五，涇四，河中、隴各三，永興、代、潞、晉各二，慶、環、滑、同、坊、鎮戎、慈、丹、隰、汾、憲各一。
Clear Border crossbowmen were established at the beginning of Baoyuan by selecting sturdy men from Shaanxi and Hedong garrison troops; the unit took its name from its crossbowmen. Forty-three commands. Nine at Taiyuan; five at Qin; four at Jing; three each at Hezhong and Long; two each at Yongxing, Dai, Lu, and Jin; one each at Qing, Huan, Hua, Tong, Fang, Zhenrong, Ci, Dan, Xi, Fen, and Xian.
183
制勝陝西廂兵，慶曆中，升禁軍。 指揮九。 永興、華各二，鳳翔、耀、同、解、乾各一。
Overcome Foe began as Shaanxi garrison troops and was promoted to the Palace Army during Qingli. Nine commands. Two each at Yongxing and Hua; one each at Fengxiang, Yao, Tong, Jie, and Qian.
184
定功陝西廂軍，慶曆四年，升禁軍增置，爲指揮十。 永興、秦、慶、原、渭、涇、儀、鄜、延、鎮戎各一。
Set Merit began as Shaanxi garrison troops; in Qingli 4 it was promoted to the Palace Army and expanded to ten commands. One each at Yongxing, Qin, Qing, Yuan, Wei, Jing, Yi, Fu, Yan, and Zhenrong.
185
清澗慶曆初，募土人精悍者充，因其地名。 指揮二。
Qingjian was established at the beginning of Qingli by recruiting fierce local men and took its name from the place. Two commands.
186
建威秦州廂兵，慶曆八年升禁軍。 指揮一。
Establish Might began as Qinzhou garrison troops and was promoted to the Palace Army in Qingli 8. One command.
187
效勇景祐中，募川峽流民增置，爲指揮二十七。 陳留三，太康、尉氏、襄邑、河陽、曹、合流各二，咸平、鄭、亳、衛、許、單、澶、磁、廣濟、河陰、甯陵、白波各一。
Effect Valor was expanded during Jingyou by recruiting displaced people of the Sichuan Gorges, reaching twenty-seven commands. Three at Chenliu; two each at Taikang, Weishi, Xiangyi, Heyang, Cao, and Heliu; one each at Xianping, Zheng, Bo, Wei, Xu, Shan, Chan, Ci, Guangji, Heyin, Ningling, and Baibo.
188
宣毅慶曆中，京東、京西、河北、河東、淮南、江南、兩浙、荊湖、福建九路募健勇或選廂軍爲之。 指揮二百八十八，至治平中，管一百七十四。 京東路：南京、鄆、徐、曹、齊各二，青、兗、密、濮、沂、單、濟、淄、萊、濰、登、淮陽、廣濟各一； 京西路：西京、滑、許、河陽、陳、襄、鄭、潁、蔡、汝、隨、信陽各一，鄧二。 河北路：真定、德、棣、博、邢、祁、恩、磁、深、定、濱、通利、永靜、乾寧各一。 河東路：太原、汾各六，晉四，澤、絳、石、代各三，潞、嵐、忻、遼、威勝、平定各二，慈、隰、寧化各一。 淮南路：揚、亳各二，廬、宿、壽、楚、真、泗、蘄海、舒、泰、濠、和、光、黃、通、無爲、高郵、漣水各一。 江南路：江甯、洪、虔、吉、撫、袁、筠、建昌、南安各一。 兩浙路：杭二，越、蘇、明、湖、婺、潤、溫、衢、常、秀、處各一。 荊湖路：潭、全、鼎各三，荊南、邵、衡、永、郴、道、安、鄂、岳、澧、復、峽、歸、辰、荊門、漢陽、桂陽各一。 福建路：建二，泉、南劍、漳、汀、邵武、興化各一。
Manifest Resolve was raised during Qingli across nine circuits—Jingdong, Jingxi, Hebei, Hedong, Huainan, Jiangnan, Two Zhejiang, Jinghu, and Fujian—by recruiting brave men or selecting garrison troops. It numbered two hundred eighty-eight commands; by the Zhiping era it administered one hundred seventy-four. Jingdong Circuit: two each at Nanjing, Yun, Xu, Cao, and Qi; one each at Qing, Yan, Mi, Pu, Yi, Shan, Ji, Zi, Lai, Wei, Deng, Huaiyang, and Guangji; Jingxi Circuit: one each at Xijing, Hua, Xu, Heyang, Chen, Xiang, Zheng, Ying, Cai, Ru, Sui, and Xinyang; two at Deng. Hebei Circuit: one each at Zhending, De, Di, Bo, Xing, Qi, En, Ci, Shen, Ding, Bin, Tongli, Yongjing, and Qianning. Hedong Circuit: six each at Taiyuan and Fen; four at Jin; three each at Ze, Jiang, Shi, and Dai; two each at Lu, Lan, Xin, Liao, Weisheng, and Pingding; one each at Ci, Xi, and Ninghua. Huainan Circuit: two each at Yang and Bo; one each at Lu, Su, Shou, Chu, Zhen, Si, Qi and Hai, Shu, Tai, Hao, He, Guang, Huang, Tong, Wuwei, Gaoyou, and Lianshui. Jiangnan Circuit: one each at Jiangning, Hong, Qian, Ji, Fu, Yuan, Jun, Jianchang, and Nan'an. Two Zhejiang Circuit: two at Hang; one each at Yue, Su, Ming, Hu, Wu, Run, Wen, Qu, Chang, Xiu, and Chu. Jinghu Circuit: three each at Tan, Quan, and Ding; one each at Jingnan, Shao, Heng, Yong, Chen, Dao, An, E, Yue, Li, Fu, Xia, Gui, Chen, Jingmen, Hanyang, and Guiyang. Fujian Circuit: two at Jian; one each at Quan, Nanjian, Zhang, Ting, Shaowu, and Xinghua.
189
宣毅床子弩炮手慶曆中置。 指揮一。 岢嵐。
Manifest Resolve bed-frame crossbow artillerymen were established during Qingli. One command. At Kelan.
190
建安府州廂兵，慶曆二年升禁軍。 指揮二。 府、嵐各一。
Establish Peace began as Fuzhou and Kelan garrison troops and was promoted to the Palace Army in Qingli 2. Two commands. One each at Fu and Lan.
191
威果嘉祐四年置，指揮二十五。 荊南、江甯、杭、揚、廬、潭各三，洪、越、福各二，虔一。
Awesome Fruit was established in Jiayou 4 as twenty-five commands. Three each at Jingnan, Jiangning, Hang, Yang, Lu, and Tan; two each at Hong, Yue, and Fu; one at Qian.
192
武嚴指揮一。 京師。
Martial Stern comprised one command. At the capital.
193
御前忠佐軍頭司馬步軍都軍頭、副都軍頭，馬軍都軍頭、副都軍頭，步軍都軍頭、副都軍頭。 其所轄散員，有副指揮使、軍使、副兵馬使、十將。 馬步直自指揮使而下，皆如殿前司之制。
The Before the Throne Loyal Assistants Army Head Bureau comprised Chief and Vice Chief Army Heads for combined cavalry and infantry, for cavalry alone, and for infantry alone. Among the dispersed attendants under its command were Vice Commanders, Army Commanders, Vice Horse Commanders, and Ten Captains. Cavalry and Infantry Direct, from the Commander down, followed the same system as the Palace Front Bureau.
194
御前忠佐散員本許州員僚剩員，淳化中，立爲軍頭司散員一班。 又五代以來，軍校立功無可門署者，第令與諸校同其飲膳，名健飯都指揮使，後唯被譴者居此。 大中祥符二年，改爲散指揮使。 班一。
Before the Throne Loyal Assistants Dispersed Attendants were originally surplus staff attendants from Xuzhou; in the Chunhua period they were organized as one unit of dispersed attendants under the Army Head Bureau. Since the Five Dynasties, officers who had won merit but had no post to which they could be appointed were given the same rations as other officers and styled Strong Meal Chief Commander; later only officers under reprimand held the position. In Dazhong Xiangfu 2, the title was changed to Dispersed Commander. One unit.
195
馬直雍熙四年置，指揮一。
Cavalry Direct was established in Yongxi 4 as one command.
196
步直端拱元年置，指揮一。
Infantry Direct was established in Duan Gong 1 as one command.
197
備軍一千九百六十人。
Reserve troops numbered one thousand nine hundred sixty men.
198
皇城司親從官太平興國四年，分親事官之有材勇者爲之，給諸殿灑掃及契勘巡察之事。 指揮三。
Palace City Bureau Personal Attendants were established in Taiping Xingguo 4 by selecting talented and courageous Personal Service Officers to sweep the various halls and carry out verification and patrol duties. Three commands.
199
入內院子天聖元年，揀親事官年高者爲之。 九年，選輦官六十以上者充。 治平二年，詔以五百人爲額。
Inner Palace Courtyard Attendants were established in Tiansheng 1 by selecting older personal-attendant officers for the role. In year 9, imperial carriage officers aged sixty or above were chosen to fill the posts. In Zhiping 2, an edict fixed the quota at five hundred men.
200
騏驥院騎御馬直太平興國二年置，分左右番。 八年，分爲二直。 其後增置八直。
The Fine Horses Court Imperial Horse-Riding Direct was established in Taiping Xingguo 2 and divided into left and right rotations. In year 8, it was divided into two Direct units. Later eight more Direct units were added.
201
左右教駿舊名左右備征，建隆二年改。 指揮四。
Left and Right Training Steeds were formerly called Left and Right Campaign-Ready and were renamed in Jianlong 2. Four commands.