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卷一百八十九 志第一百四十二 兵三

Volume 189 Treatises 142: Military 3

Chapter 189 of 宋史 · History of Song
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Chapter 189
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1
Corridor troops were the garrison forces stationed in the prefectures. In the capital, they fell under the overall jurisdiction of the Palace Command. A single army's authorized strength might be divided among several prefectures, or one prefecture might oversee garrisons spanning several prefectures. In the capital, five authorized quotas for the various offices were subordinate to the Court of the Palace Attendants and assigned to herding, repair, and similar duties; in the prefectures, each jurisdiction attached corridor troops to its own tasks. Early in the Jianlong reign, the strongest recruits from the prefectures were selected and sent to the capital for the palace guard; the rest remained in local garrison. They did not rotate to frontier posts, were seldom drilled, and were largely used only as labor detachments.
2
使 使
In the seventh month of Jingde 4 (1007), He Shizong, commissioner on assignment to the capital, reported: "The edict stipulates that palace-guard officers and soldiers must perform menial duties according to rank, with violators punished under military law. Corridor-troop officers and soldiers have no comparable regulations yet. I request that we adapt the earlier edict, reducing penalties by one grade." The emperor replied: "Palace guards have no other duties, and their pay and rations are generous. We want them disciplined and mindful of authority, which is why these strict rules were set. Applying the same rules to corridor troops would probably not last. Besides, offenses between ranks of superior and inferior are already covered by statute. We need not put this into effect." In the twelfth month, an edict ruled that corridor troops and local garrison troops who offended were, after corporal punishment in their unit, to be transferred to another command. Grave cases and soldiers on frontier campaign were to be reported to the throne for decision.
3
使 使
In Dazhong Xiangfu 1 (1008), an edict directed that in every circuit, prefecture, army, and supervisory post, corridor and local-garrison commands—from the commander-in-chief down to the rank-and-file—who offended against rank within their unit would have penalties reduced one grade below the palace-guard capital punishment standard, with final sentencing at exile of three thousand li or more; for deputy horse-and-foot commissioners and above, offenses were to be investigated, fully documented, and reported to the throne. For corridor-troop squad leaders down to rank-and-file, per the edict, exile offenses exempted corvée, with sentences fixed at three years' penal servitude or more. Local authorities were to decide cases. Company-grade offenders and above were transferred to the upper rolls of another command; rank-and-file, once sentenced, went to the lower rolls of another command. If no other command existed locally, offenders were assigned to a neighboring prefecture, army, or supervisory post. Separate grave offenses were punished under the heavier statute. Personnel and soldiers of government offices and storehouses who committed the listed offenses were subject to the same corridor-troop rules.
4
使 殿使使 使 便 便
In the second month of year 5, the emperor told Wang Qinruo and others: "We have repeatedly discussed the growing number of old and sick soldiers. In the capital, each office's generals should handle selection; outside the capital, envoys and deputies from the various offices should be dispatched to screen them. Order the Palace Front and Palace Horse-and-Foot Commands to have each command, from the commander down, list every soldier under their charge who is unfit for active campaign—those habitually weak, absent from drill, or old and sick—while keeping those fit for field service. Each jurisdiction should review its camps, decide cases, submit rosters to the responsible office, and conduct joint screening with the dispatched envoys. Report the full circumstances of any collusion or improper favoritism. Corridor-troop commanders-in-chief and subordinates who fail in this duty are to be strictly punished; the same applies to grain-paid soldiers screened in the provinces." He further announced: "Among provincial grain-paid units, the Sun-Upholding and Heavenly Martial Seventh, Ninth, and Tenth Armies were formed from top-grade troops after two or three screenings. Because they had long served in the palace guard, we did not wish to demote them immediately and created these designations for them. I am concerned that screening officials and squad leaders will treat them like other units and reassign them to lower commands. Make this known everywhere. Release the old and sick to farming. Khitan, Bohai, and Japanese foreigners, who might have nowhere to go, may be retained as surplus rolls in their original commands. He added: "Dispatched officials and squad leaders will go to the provinces to screen troops. Because army branches, commands, and the many rules for titles, sequence, and transfers are complex, the Bureau of Military Affairs shall prepare applicable regulations and procedures, set uniform rules, and ensure they are followed."
5
殿 使使 便 殿退
He also said: "The palace commands have long demoted armed guards to surplus rolls with reduced pay, with no fixed quota, scattered in camps and unable to earn a living, yet costing the treasury heavily each year. Use this screening to consolidate them. Release the old and sick to farming. Fix camp-watch surplus rolls according to each army's authorized strength. Consolidate the rest in one pool for dispatch on assignment. With fixed quotas, commanders will not dare to inflate surplus rolls. An edict also ordered: "Previously, envoys collected worn-out soldiers from all armies, paid them half rations as surplus personnel. Now review them and release them to farming. Those retained beyond each camp's labor quota shall be housed in separate barracks. Khitan, Bohai, and Japanese foreigners, who might have nowhere to go, may remain as before for now. At each prefecture, overall commanders and military controllers shall jointly verify records, state how many are to go or stay, present unfit officers for inspection, and report by express post. Those to remain in military rolls are assigned to convenient nearby prefectures; frontier troops are moved inland, with home-prefecture officials transferring them by official correspondence; those discharged receive public credentials, may reside only in their home prefecture, report yearly, and receive one month's pay, travel allowance, and daily rations for the journey. List and report only horses with weak sinews and teeth or incurable old age and sickness. In the capital, the palace commands shall immediately report promotions and demotions to the Bureau of Military Affairs and correct any improprieties; transferees receive travel money and grain only while en route; discharges receive one month's pay without further memorial to the throne. Provincial soldiers demoted to a lower army branch may choose their assigned prefecture."
6
西西使使 便 便
Another edict ordered envoys to the seven circuits of Guangnan, Jinghu, Fujian, Jiangnan, and Jingxi to join transport commissioners, investigating officials, prefects, vice-prefects, military controllers, and supervisors in screening miscellaneous offenders assigned to military service, estimate numbers locally, and assign them to nearby local garrisons. release the old and sick who are beyond cure or service; escort the able-bodied to court for audience and consider assigning them to higher commands. those unwilling to transfer or go to court may stay, with promotion or reassignment within their command. if distant places delay, complete screening by separate express routes and report in detail."
7
In year 7, an edict ruled that returning armies in the capital were not to be reorganized immediately but presented for audience as usual. The old and sick fit for provincial assignment, surplus Divine Guard warehouse and fodder-field watchers, and camp watchers were allowed half a month to rest, then after audience had five days to relocate. Provincial troops passing through on return followed the same rule, with ten days' leave after audience to reach their assignment."
8
殿使
In year 8, an edict directed transport offices, palace squad offices, the State Finance Commission, the Court of the Palace Attendants, Kaifeng Prefecture, and office storehouses: when requisitioning personnel or soldiers who had killed bandits with merit or proved capable in service, submit sworn truthful statements, obtain certification from their jurisdiction, and memorialize the throne."
9
In Tianxi 1 (1017), an edict transferred more than five thousand corridor troops nationwide into the palace guard. In year 2, an edict ordered the Hebei investigating censor to screen worn-out palace guards unfit for labor, forbidding concealment that wasted state grain."
10
使 西
During the Qingli era, the Guangnan patrol navy and the Loyal Bold and Clear Sea units were recruited. Though classified as corridor troops, they received banners and drums, were drilled, and served in defense. During Huangyou, Hebei floods drove more than three hundred thousand peasants into Jingdong. Pacification Commissioner Fu Bi recruited them as soldiers, forming nine commands from the strongest and training them in arms. Though paid as corridor troops, they served like palace guards without the arrogance and unruliness of the capital army. An edict named their cavalry the Drilled Cavalry Archers and Border Guard and their infantry the Drilled Strong Martial and Martial Valor, stationing them in Qing, Lai, Zi, Xu, Yi, Mi, and Huaiyang, with campaign duties equal to palace guards. In Jiayou 4 (1059), an edict established six infantry commands on the western route in Yan, Pu, Qi, Yan, Ji, and Shan, following the eastern-route model. Many southeastern prefectures then formed drilled corridor commands named Martial Valor, Loyal Fruit, Strong Martial, and the like, trained like palace guards and exempt from other labor.
11
使西 西
Early in Zhiping, envoys recruited local garrison troops in Hebei, Hedong, Shaanxi, and Jingdong and filled grain-paid palace-guard vacancies as they arose. Shaanxi prefectures also established Strong City units like Hebei for repairing walls and fortifications. Local garrison numbered 438,000 in Jingyou; by Zhiping 3 (1066) it had reached 500,000.
12
西 西
In the fifth month of Xining 3 (1070), an edict applied the palace guard's five-division system to corridor troops. Thereafter palace guards demoted to surplus rolls or promoted to fill gaps supplied corridor troops for provincial labor. Periodic edicts ordered further recruitment; the Jingxi transport office alone recruited up to thirty thousand; and Shaanxi, despite a five-thousand reduction in quota, also reached thirty thousand. Hebei refugees in Jingdong were recruited and drilled into twenty Loyal Fruit commands under the Hebei overall command to suppress banditry and relieve famine. For wall repair in Hebei and Xihe, Hebei recruited five thousand men and Xihe three thousand. Capital repairs drew five thousand men from abolished horse commissions into ten Broad Works and Loyal Guard commands. Pacification of the Hunan Yao rebellion, campaigns in Rong and Lu, and Tao–He transport also brought further increases.
13
調 西 西西
The Bureau of Military Affairs first reported that capital labor troops were insufficient and drawn yearly from the circuits, while Jiang and Huai soldiers often starved and froze, dying in succession on the road. About seven thousand outside troops were used yearly, with dispatch and extra provisions costing beyond reckoning. It requested recruiting Strong Labor commands in the East and West Eight Works Offices, assigning minor offenders from government offices, and filling labor rolls to replace troops from the circuits. The request was approved. It also noted that corridor-troop designations in the circuits were excessively numerous—from Cavalry Archers to Prison City, 223 names in all. Some were raised for specific tasks; others served wine monopolies, transport, passes, mountain routes, bridges, postal relay, horse herding, embankments, and weirs—tasks that still required their designations. Surplus rolls, duty rolls, and Prison City awaited convicted assignees; Strong City specialized in walls and moats, had no other duties, and formed a separate army; and drilled corridor troops had their own quotas. It proposed merging all undrilled corridor troops into one quota per circuit, abolishing the rest where possible, with transfers following palace-guard rules. The memorial was approved. Circuit transport offices were ordered to sequence prefectures by size, forming a set number of commands of no more than five hundred men each. They were named Victorious Respect in Hebei, Fierce Bold in Hedong, Secure Peace in Shaanxi, Submitting to Transformation in Jingdong, Strong Martial in Jingxi, Pacifying Huai in Huainan, Honored Integrity in Liangzhe, Effective Valor in Jiangnan, Proclaiming Integrity in Jinghu, Guarding Integrity in Fujian, Pure Transformation in Guangnan, and Overcoming Peace in the four Sichuan circuits. In year 8, an edict replaced corridor troops with palace guards in the stockades of Xin and Dai.
14
西西西
In the fourth year of Yuanfeng (1081), an edict promoted drilled cavalry corridor troops in Nanjing, Qing, Yan, Deng, Cao, Ji, and Pu, plus Zhending's northern Strong Valor stockade and Huan's unarranged frontier-tribe commands, to palace-guard status. In the third month of year 5, with war on the western frontier, an edict halted labor troops everywhere and ordered transport offices to muster corridor troops from Jingdong, Jingxi, Hedong, and Huainan. The Directorate of Waterways was to muster River Clear and guest troops—more than thirty thousand—to assemble in Shaanxi. In the tenth month, an edict incorporated drilled corridor troops into lower palace-guard commands with full company organization like palace guards. Horse and foot were then arranged into twenty-two mounted and two hundred twenty-nine unmounted corridor commands. By the end of Yuanfeng, corridor commands nationwide totaled 840, with about 227,627 soldiers, not counting the capital district or ad hoc recruitment by government offices.
15
西
In Yuanyou 2 (1087), Grand Mentor Wen Yanbo said: "Corridor troops formerly reported to the Bureau of Military Affairs; the new system moved them to the Ministry of War. How can the army's headquarters lack registers? The Bureau of Military Affairs made the same point. An edict ordered the ministry to submit registers hereafter, with copies to the Bureau of Military Affairs. In year 3, Jingxi corridor troops were fixed at 30,500. Another edict ordered prefectures nationwide to establish Strong City troops according to local geography.
16
西 西
In Yuanfu 1 (1098), offenders assigned exile of five hundred li or more were sent to Shaanxi and Hedong as corridor troops, each frontier command limited to two thousand. In year 3, Shaanxi Secure Peace commands were transferred into circuit corridor-troop quotas.
17
In Chongning 4 (1105), an edict ordered all corridor commands to recruit young and strong men regardless of grade. Another edict released corridor craftsmen assigned outside the capital for construction, sending them home to rest.
18
In Zhenghe 5 (1115), each of the four Broad Works commands added five hundred men for capital labor. In the third month of year 6, two thousand Universal Relief soldiers were added for imperial canal towing duty. Public works expanded daily, and recruitment grew ever broader.
19
After Jianyan, military organization was unstable. By the Qiandao era, Sichuan had 20,972 corridor troops and 27,992 palace guards. Later abolitions and changes varied with the times; what can be verified is recorded here for reference.
20
使使 使使 使使 使使
Their officers included horse-and-foot commanders-in-chief, deputy commanders-in-chief, and chief adjutants. Cavalry had commanders-in-chief, deputies, and chief adjutants; infantry had the same. Each horse-and-foot command had a commander and deputy commander. Each company had a troop commissioner, deputy horse-and-foot commissioner, company chief, deputy company chief, centurion, adjutant, clerk, and escort officer.
21
Cavalry, infantry, imperial corridor troops, and related types in the prefectures are listed below. Where arrangements differ, they are divided into institutions from the Jianlong era onward and from the Xining era onward, as set out below.
22
Institutions since Jianlong
23
西西 西
Cavalry Archers, Jingdong Circuit: Nanjing, Qing, Yan, Yun, Cao, Xu, Qi, Wei, and Huaiyang. Jingxi Circuit: Xijing, Heyang, Chen, Xu, Zheng, Ying, and Hua. Hebei Circuit: Bejing, Zhending, Cang, Chan, Xiang, En, and Ji. Shaanxi Circuit: Yongxing, Fengxiang, Hezhong, Shan, Hua, Qin, Jing, and Fu. Jinghu Circuit: Jiangling, Tan, E, Yue, Fu, An, Li, Ding, Yong, Dao, Chen, Shao, and Guiyang. Among them, Qing and Huaiyang were drilled units.
24
西西 西耀 宿
Border Guard, Jingdong Circuit: Nanjing, Qing, Yun, Mi, Xu, Cao, Qi, Pu, Ji, Zi, Deng, Lai, Yi, and Shan. Among them, Deng was a drilled unit. Jingxi Circuit: Xijing, Heyang, Zheng, Cai, Xiangyang, Deng, Hua, Ying, Ru, Ying, Jun, Shang, Duo, Tang, Xinyang, and Guanghua. Hebei Circuit: Ying, Xiang, Xing, Qi, Bin, Ba, Ci, Wei, Zhao, Mo, Ming, Qianning, Guangxin, and Tongli. Hedong Circuit: Ze and Liao. Shaanxi Circuit: Yongxing, Fengxiang, Hezhong, Shan, Tong, Hua, Yao, Qian, Jie, and Guo. Huainan Circuit: Bo, Lu, and Su. Jinghu Circuit: An.
25
Display Martial Prowess: Nanjing and Hezhong.
26
Pacify the Barbarians: Cao.
27
Solo Valor: Shan.
28
Secure Martial: Yun and Qi.
29
Sure to Conquer: Yun, Shan, and Bin.
30
Decisive Victory: Ji.
31
Flying Valor: Di.
32
Quiet the Mountains: Yan and Yi.
33
Brave: Yi and Mi.
34
Secure the Border: Cai, Xu, and Jing.
35
宿
Horse Combat: Yongxing and Su.
36
Pacify the East: Deng and Lai.
37
Break the Ranks: Yan, Ding, Qian, and Huai.
38
Hall Detachment: Ji, Cang, Mo, Bao, Xiong, Ba, Ding, and Hua.
39
Secure Victory: Fu, Guang, and Lan.
40
Return of Grace: Fengxiang.
41
Secure the Barbarians: Jing.
42
Secure the Frontier: Huan and Qing.
43
Roaming Patrol: Xu.
44
Yamen Detachment: Cao, Chen, De, Yongjing, Yong, Long, Yi, and Xia.
45
Martial Victory: Hao and Si.
46
Secure Loyalty: Hua.
47
Light Cavalry: Xing.
48
Obedient Discipline: Zhending.
49
Dare to Conquer: Shen.
50
Flying Frontier: Huan.
51
西
Secure Discipline: all prefectures and armies of Shaanxi Circuit.
52
Local-garrison Horse Army: Guang.
53
Sure Victory: Qing.
54
Secure the Frontier Pass: all prefectures and armies of Hebei Circuit.
55
Stout Valor: Zhending North Fort, a drilled unit.
56
Lower Barbarian Auxiliaries: outside forts at Huan, drilled units.
57
Martial Clarity: Jin. From here through Recruitment, eleven armies in all are omitted from the Records of the Two Reigns.
58
Flying Cavalry: Lin.
59
Stir the Border: Yi and Huan.
60
Distant Might: Fu.
61
Local-garrison Hall Detachment: Ding.
62
Subdue the Barbarians: Bing.
63
西
Clear the Border: Shaanxi.
64
Loyal and Fervent: Hebei local militia, formerly called Divine Sharp, later renamed to this army. Under the old rules, the aged and ill could have recruits take their places and return to farming; if a replacement fled, the man who had returned to farming was again pressed into service. In Dazhong Xiangfu 4 (1011), an edict abolished the practice.
65
Invincible: Bao, Ansuh, Guangxin Army, and Beiping Fort.
66
Loyal and Sharp: Guangji.
67
Recruitment: Hebei and Hedong. Formerly there were also the Dingzhou Selected Hall Detachment, Yizhou Quiet Frontier, and Bingzhou Salt Sage; later all were abolished.
68
Flying General: Bejing and Bo. From here through Selected Cavalry Archers, three armies in all are omitted from the Records of the Three Reigns.
69
Secure Tranquility: En.
70
宿
Selected Cavalry Archers, Huainan Circuit: Yang, Lu, Shou, Su, Si, Zhen, Qi, Huang, Hao, Guang, Hai, He, Tong, Shu, Chu, Lianshui, Gaoyou, and Wuwei. Jiangnan Circuit: Xuan, Fu, Jiang, Ji, Jun, Yuan, She, Taiping, Chi, Rao, Xin, Guangde, Nankang, Nan'an, Jianchang, Linjiang, and Xingguo.
71
Martial Harmony: Kaifeng.
72
Martial Solemnity: Kaifeng.
73
Loyal Tranquility: Kaifeng.
74
Martial Valor: Ding, Zhending, Ji, Cang, Xiong, Bo, Shen, and Qianning. Among them, Qing, Yun, Zi, Mi, Ji, Yi, and Huaiyang were drilled units.
75
耀
Left Yamen: Nanjing, Yun, Jin, Yao, Shan, Tong, and An.
76
Pacify Disaster: Bo and Hao.
77
西 西 宿
Offer Transformation, Jingxi Circuit: Zheng, Xu, Chen, Cai, and Hua. Hebei Circuit: Huai. Shaanxi Circuit: Fengxiang. Huainan Circuit: Yang, Bo, Lu, Shou, Su, Hao, He, Tong, Tai, Chu, Shu, Zhen, Si, Chu, Wuwei, Lianshui, and Gaoyou.
78
Yamen Detachment: Cao and Xia.
79
Open Martial: Cao.
80
Secure Peace: Ji and Wei.
81
Open the Distance: Yang, Chu, Si, Qi, Li, and Jian.
82
Secure Peace: Qi.
83
Quiet the Border: Di.
84
Six Wonders: Chu.
85
西
Open the Mountains: Xijing and Qin.
86
Martial Valor: Wei and Tai.
87
Cherish Peace: Qin.
88
Establish Peace: Jie and Fu.
89
Quiet the Seas: Xu, Huaiyang, and Tong.
90
宿
Personal Escort: Su, Sui, Tang, and Shang.
91
Reverent Submission: Qing and Jie.
92
Loyal Strategy: Zi.
93
Secure the Seas: Dun.
94
西
Naval Forces, Jingdong Circuit: Deng. Hedong Circuit: Lu and Baode. Shaanxi Circuit: Qin and Shan. Huainan Circuit: Yang, Lu, Shou, Guang, Hai, He, Tai, Chu, Shu, Qi, Huang, Si, Lianshui, Gaoyou, and Wuwei. Jiangnan Circuit: Jiangning, Hong, Yuan, Qian, Xuan, She, Rao, Xin, Taiping, Chi, Jiang, Ji, Jun, Fu, Xingguo, Linjiang, Nankang, and Guangde. Liangzhe Circuit: all prefectures and armies. Jinghu Circuit: Jiangling, Tan, Heng, Yong, Chen, Shao, E, Yue, Fu, An, Li, Xia, Ding, Gui, Hanyang, and Guiyang. Fujian Circuit: Fu, Jian, Zhang, Quan, and Shaowu. Lizhou Circuit: Xing. Guangnan Circuit: Guang, Ying, He, Feng, Lian, Kang, Nanxiong, Chun, Lianzhou, Bai, and Yong.
95
Pacify Relief: Lai.
96
西
Secure Peace: Xijing.
97
耀
Glorious Martial: Heyang, Deng, Chu, Qin, Ning, and Hua.
98
Bridge Road: Heyang, Chan, Shou, and Xing.
99
Open Road: Zheng.
100
Fierce Bold: Jiang.
101
Secure Peace: within the province center.
102
Open River: Hezhong.
103
Secure the Distance: Feng and Fu.
104
Secure the Border: Jing.
105
西西 西耀
Strong Martial, Jingdong Circuit: Qing, Xu, Cao, Yan, Mi, Wei, Ji, Pu, Deng, Lai, and Huaiyang. Jingxi Circuit: Xijing, Chen, Cai, Deng, Xiang, Ying, Ru, and Guanghua. Shaanxi Circuit: Fengxiang, Hezhong, Tong, Yao, Hua, Qian, Jie, Shan, and Bao'an. Huainan Circuit: Yang, Lu, Shou, Huang, Guang, Hai, He, Tong, Qi, Chu, Tai, Shu, Zhen, Si, Chu, Lianshui, and Gaoyou. Jinghu Circuit, Zhang, Yue, An, and Fu. Among them, Yan, Xu, Ji, and Lai were drilled units.
106
Pacifying Huai: Ying, Shou, and Chan.
107
Loyal Submission: Ying and Shou.
108
Reverent Peace: Ru and Yue.
109
Clear Sea: Shao, Xun, Chao, Lian, Mei, Nanxiong, Ying, He, Feng, Duan, Nan'en, Chun, Hui, Gui, Rong, Yong, Xiang, Zhao, Gong, Meng, Xun, Gui, Heng, Rong, Hua, Lei, Dou, Nanyi, Bai, Qin, Yulin, Lianzhou, Ya, and Dan. Among them, Guang, Lianzhou, Gao, Teng, Wu, Ying, He, Xin, Meng, Gong, and Dan were drilled units.
110
Secure Tranquility: Jun and Xinyang.
111
Cherish Peace: Ding, Zhending, Qi, and Fang.
112
Proclaiming Integrity, all prefectures, armies, and commissions of Jingnan South Circuit, Northern Route: Yue, Li, Ding, Ying, Jingmen, and the various commissions.
113
Step Swift: Jin.
114
Reverent Transformation: Guang.
115
Broad Peace: Guo.
116
Brave Victory: Yongxing.
117
Clear the Border: Yongxing, Yan, Wei, Fu, Qing, Jing, Yi, Long, and Bao'an.
118
Open Broad: Yuan and Tong.
119
Establish Martial: Mi, Fu, and Huan.
120
Forever Clear: Dan.
121
Declare Victory: Fang.
122
Forever Secure: Lu.
123
Forever Dominate: Ze.
124
Bow and Arrow: Qin and Jin.
125
Compliant Peace: Ci.
126
Compliant Dominate: Xi.
127
Reverent Valor: Cheng.
128
Solemn Clear: Qian.
129
Cherish Integrity: Chan.
130
Reverent Martial: Huai.
131
Broad Dominate: Bejing.
132
Prosperous Peace: Bejing.
133
Control Barbarians: Ji.
134
Fierce Sharp: Zhending.
135
Subdue Barbarians: Shen.
136
Recruitment: Fen, Liao, Ze, Shi, Lu, Ci, Jin, Jiang, Dai, Xin, Weisheng, and Pingding.
137
Secure Harmony: Ding.
138
Secure Compliance: Cang.
139
Clear Distant: Xiong and Ba.
140
Overcome Victory: Ying, Cang, Huang, and Baoding.
141
Pacify Border: Qianning.
142
Open Border: Pingding.
143
Quiet Victory: Yang.
144
Pacify Compliance: Lu.
145
Display Courage: Shou.
146
Border Preparation: Si.
147
Three Victories: Chu.
148
Pacify Transformation: Shu.
149
Secure Victory: Guang.
150
Cherish Benevolence: Qi and Huang.
151
Martial Bold: Jiangling.
152
Step Relay: Xiang, Jiangling, Jingmen, Xun, He, Feng, Mei, Kang, Nanxiong, Chao, and Shao.
153
綿
Overcoming Peace, Chengdu Circuit: Chengdu, Shu, Han, Ya, Qiong, Jia, Mian, Ling, Peng, and Mei. Zizhou Circuit: Rong, Rong, Pu, Zi, Zizhou, He, Lu, Sui, Qu, Chang, Guo, Huai'an, and Guang'an. Lizhou Circuit: Xingyuan, Yang, Li, Long, Jian, Peng, Bi, Wen, Xing, Ande, and Sanquan. Kui, Yu, Fu, Wan, Da, Kai, Shi, Zhong, Yun'an, and Daning.
154
Mighty Oar, Jinghu Circuit: Jiangling, Gui, and Xia. Chengdu Circuit: Chengdu, Jia, Mei, and Jian. Zizhou Circuit: all prefectures and armies. Lizhou Circuit: Jian and Ande. Kuizhou Circuit: Yu, Fu, Wan, and Yun'an.
155
Cherish the Distance: Xingyuan.
156
西
Secure Discipline, Hebei Circuit: Ding, Zhending, Cang, Ying, Xiang, Xing, Ming, Ji, Qi, De, Bin, Bao, Xiong, Ci, Bo, Zhao, Shen, Huai, Wei, Shun'an, Tongli, Xin'an, Baoding, Ansuh, Yongding, and Yongjing. Hedong Circuit: Taiyuan, Jin, Jiang, Fen, Liao, Ze, Shi, Lu, Ci, Lin, Fu, Xian, Dai, Xin, Xi, Weisheng, Kelan, Huoshan, Baode, and Pingding. Shaanxi Circuit: Yongxing, Qin, Bin, Ning, Fu, Yan, Huan, Qing, Jing, Yi, Dan, Long, Fang, Zhenrong, and Deshun. Huainan Circuit: Shu. Jiangnan Circuit: Hong, Qian, Jiang, Chi, Rao, Xin, Taiping, Ji, Jun, Yuan, Fu, and Xingguo. Fujian Circuit: Ting and Nanjian. Jinghu Circuit: E. Lizhou Circuit: Long and Li.
157
Cherish Faith: Li.
158
Broad Barrier: Xingyuan and Sanquan.
159
Submit Transformation: Xing.
160
Effective Valor: Jiangning and Guangde.
161
Inner Transport: Jiangning.
162
Tribute Transport: Rao.
163
Water Transport: Tan, Tai, and Linjiang.
164
宿
Broad Relief: the capital and upper and lower grain-transport stations, Chen, Shou, Yang, Su, Gaoyou, Lianshui, and Tongli.
165
西
Honored Integrity, Liangzhe Circuit: Hang, Yue, Su, Hu, Wen, Tai, Qu, Wu, Chu, Mu, and Xiu. Fujian Circuit: Fu, Zhang, Quan, and Xinghua. Shaanxi Circuit: Cheng.
166
Pacify Barrier: Taiyuan, Fen, Liao, Shi, Dai, and Xin.
167
西西
Prison City: all army prefectures of Hebei, Hedong, Shaanxi, Huainan, Jingdong, Jiangnan, Jinghu, Guangnan, Yizhou, Zizhou, Lizhou, and Kuizhou circuits; only Ru, Chu, Zhao, and Bao'an had none established.
168
Outer Wall: Chengdu.
169
Naval Forces, Offer Transformation: Jingji counties, Tai, and Si.
170
Shipyard: Ming, Tan, and Ding.
171
Ferry Boats, capital command at Tan.
172
Bridge Gallery: Long, Jian, Wen, and Sanquan.
173
Timber Cutting: Chu, Qu, and Wen.
174
Stern Oarsmen, capital command at Hong, Chu, and Zhen.
175
River Defense: Chengdu.
176
Defend the River, capital command at Hang.
177
Shipping Office: Hang and Wu.
178
Coastal Patrol Naval Forces: Guang.
179
Miscellaneous Labor, capital command at Shou.
180
Home Garrison: Cao, Xiu, Chang, Huoshan, and Nan'an; Liangshan and Mei.
181
Stout Valor: Xing, Taiyuan, Lan, Fen, Liao, Ze, Lu, Jin, Xian, Dai, Xin, Xi, Kelan, Pingding, Ninghua, and Weisheng. Among them, Zhending North Fort was a drilled unit.
182
Outfitting and Dispatch: Zhen, Si, Chu, and Tongli.
183
Pacify the Sea: Qiong.
184
西
Western Cherish Transformation: Xu.
185
Newly Recruited: Jingjiang and Yong.
186
Southern Cherish Transformation: Xu.
187
Fortress Defense: Si and Jun.
188
Naval Forces, Bridge Road: Si.
189
Surplus Personnel Direct: Bo prefecture city.
190
Clear Transformation: Gui, Rong, Yong, Xiang, Zhao, Wu, Teng, Gong, Meng, Gui, Liu, Yi, Shi, Rong, Hua, Dou, Gao, Nanyi, Bai, Qin, Yulin, Lian, Qiong, and Dan.
191
River Bridge Office: Ming.
192
Solemn Pacification: Chengning.
193
Reverent Victory: Zhending.
194
Anchor Crew: Ming.
195
Selected Central Proclaiming Integrity: Tan, Chan, and Ding.
196
西
Timber Procurement: Xijing, Qin, and Ming.
197
Dam Troops: Chang'an, Jingkou, Changcheng, and Shanqing.
198
Loading and Unloading: Nanjing and Bo.
199
Central Army command: Tan and Ting.
200
Display Martial: Daming, Zhending, Huai, and Wei.
201
Compliant Integrity: Ci. From here down to Newly Established Home Garrison, thirty-eight armies in all; none remained after the Tiansheng era.
202
Seven Captures: Shan.
203
Pacify Transformation: Bin.
204
Martial Compliance: Huai.
205
Pacify the Sea: Dun.
206
Heroic Martial: Fu.
207
Long Sword: Hua.
208
Everlasting Peace: Wei.
209
Virtuous Victory: Xiang.
210
Secure Peace: Bo.
211
Promote Transformation: Ming.
212
Secure Valor: Shen.
213
Secure Victory: Tongli.
214
Frost Water: Kui.
215
Construction: Heng and Tan.
216
Water Route: Jiangling.
217
Mountain Yard Cutting Troops: Wen, Wu, and Mu.
218
Home Garrison Broad Army: Guang.
219
Hedong Secure: Ding and Zhen.
220
Home Garrison Surplus Personnel: established in every prefecture.
221
Barbarian Auxiliaries: Qing.
222
Capital Naval Forces at Dou: Rong.
223
New Naval Forces: Quan.
224
西
Martial Secure: Shaanxi, Jin, Jiang, Ci, and Xi.
225
Secure Frontier: Hebei.
226
Old Naval Forces: Jinghu, Jiangnan, Liangzhe, and Huainan.
227
Surplus Personnel: Li and Fu.
228
西
Lower Floating Bridge: Xijing.
229
Southeast Circuit Coastal Patrol Naval Forces and drilled Clear Sea.
230
Winch Crew: Chang.
231
Celebrate Completion: Qingcheng Army.
232
Meishan Cave Surplus Personnel: Dan.
233
Capture Alive: Yan.
234
Clear River: Heyin and Bian Estuary.
235
Proclaim Valor: Hebei and Hedong. Native district troops; formerly named Loyal Valor.
236
Secure Resolution: Qin District Army.
237
Newly Established Home Garrison: Cao.
238
Imperial Ancestral Service: Huisheng Palace and Yongxi Mausoleum. From here down to Wine Office Miscellaneous Service, sixty armies in all; established after the Tiansheng era.
239
Six Armies: capital.
240
Imperial Camp Reconnaissance: capital.
241
Selected Kiln Office: capital.
242
Ship Watch: Guangde and the capital.
243
Selected Surplus Personnel: Yongqiu, Chenliu, Xiangyi, and Xianping.
244
Right Yamen: Nanjing, Xu, Yun, Cao, Guangji, Jin, and Shan.
245
Quiet the Sea: Xu, Huaiyang, and Tong.
246
Return and Secure: Heyang.
247
Fierce Valor: Bin.
248
Respond to Submission: Qing.
249
Expand the Border: Huan.
250
Proclaim Fierce: Weisheng.
251
西
Quiet the River, Jingxi Circuit: Chen, Cai, and Ying. Jiangnan Circuit: Nan'an. Jinghu Circuit: Jiangling, Tan, Yue, Ding, Heng, Yong, Chen, and Quan. Guangnan Circuit: Guang, Shao, Xun, Chao, Lian, Mei, Nanxiong, Ying, He, Feng, Duan, Xin, Kang, Chun, Hui, Gui, Rong, Yong, Xiang, Zhao, Wu, Teng, Gong, Meng, Xun, Gui, Liu, Rong, Yi, Bin, Heng, Hua, Dou, Gao, Lei, Qin, Yulin, Lian, and Qiong. Lizhou Circuit: Li.
252
Three Stratagems: Chen and Ding.
253
Quiet the Barbarians: Shen.
254
Overcome Victory: Ying, Cang, Huang, and Baoding.
255
Martial Swift: Fengxiang, Qin, Feng, Fu, Yan, Jing, Yuan, Yi, Hua, Bin, Ning, Jie, Fang, Dan, Jin, Jiang, Xi, and Ci.
256
Chariot Troops: Zhen, Chu, and Chang.
257
西
Communications Bridge Road: Xijing.
258
Herds Commissioner: Yongxing, Qin, Jie, Yuan, and Deshun.
259
Salt Cart: Tai and Zhen.
260
Newly Recruited Stern Oarsmen: Zhen and Si.
261
Raised-Head Naval Forces: Si.
262
Shipbuilding Army Artisans: Ji.
263
Tower Shop Office: Hang.
264
Shipyard: Guang.
265
Rope-Hauling Naval Forces: Guang.
266
Establish Peace: Jie.
267
Provincial Craftworks Institute: Bin.
268
Heroic Valor: Huoshan.
269
Garrison Fields Guard: Bao.
270
Clearing Service: Hang, Su, Wu, Wen, and Tan.
271
Quiet the Huai: Cai.
272
Defend the Sea: Tong and Tai.
273
Shipyard Iron Works: Tan.
274
Selected Central: Cao.
275
西西 西耀
Strong City, Jingdong Circuit: Qing, Mi, Wei, Deng, Yi, Pu, Lai, and Zi. Jingxi Circuit: Xijing, Cai, and Ru. Hebei Circuit: all prefectures and armies. Hedong Circuit: Taiyuan, Liao, Ze, Jin, Jiang, Lu, Fen, Shi, Ci, Lin, Fu, Xian, Dai, Xin, Xi, Lan, Ninghua, Baode, Huoshan, Weisheng, and Kelan. Shaanxi Circuit: Yongxing, Hezhong, Jing, Yuan, Yi, Wei, Fu, Qing, Shan, Yao, Fang, Hua, Dan, Tong, Xi, Jie, Zhenrong, and Deshun. Jiangnan Circuit: Hong.
276
Strong Valor: Ying, Cang, Huai, Ji, Jin, Jiang, Lu, Fen, Liao, Shi, Ci, Dai, Xin, and Ze.
277
西
Horse Pasture: Bejing—Daming; Xiang—Anyang; Ming—Guangping; Wei—Qishui; Yun—Dongping; Xu—Dan Town; Xijing—Luoyang; Tong—Shayuan; Zheng—Yuanwu.
278
City Face: Guang, Duan, Hui, Xun, Ying, Chun, He, Mei, Lian, Kang, Xin, Feng, Bai, and Chao.
279
Battle Oars: Qin and Lian.
280
Relay Horn Ground: Liu.
281
Pacify Distant: Gui.
282
Craftworks Institute: Dan and Yi.
283
Dyed Service: Huan.
284
Miscellaneous Collection: Dai.
285
Craftworks Institute Artisans: Taiyuan.
286
Xianping Bridge Road: Yongxing.
287
Transport Tin: Xun.
288
Water Mill: Zheng.
289
西西
Eastern and Western Eight Works: Xijing.
290
西
Kiln Office: Xijing.
291
Drum and Horn General: Run and Jingmen.
292
Coin Mint Superintendent: Jiang.
293
Ironwood Artisans Camp: Chi.
294
Wine Office Camp: Chi.
295
Bamboo Artisans Camp: Chi.
296
Wine Office Miscellaneous Service: Jiangning.
297
Service corvée soldiers of government storehouses, Clear River, horse relay stations, and the like:
298
西
Eastern and Western Eight Works Office, Broad Supply, Miscellaneous Service, Effectiveness Service, and Strong Service.
299
西
These offices—the Cattle and Sheep Office, Imperial Carriage Court, Armory, rear-park workshops, literary and craft courts, bow and crossbow workshops, dyeing and brocade courts, palace repair and Hanlin offices, garden parks, camel yard, inner wine office, and others—were filled through the Court of the Palace Attendants and assigned to the State Finance Commission and Oversight Office.
300
Clear River and the Street Office reported to the Directorate-General of Waterways.
301
西退西
Rear-park imperial bow and arrow stores, workshop materials, medicine and tea stores, imperial kitchens, inner and outer goods stores, oil and vinegar stores, water mills, porcelain and tea stores, treasuries and wardrobe stores, kiln and timber offices, shop and residence offices, and repair construction.
302
Various granaries and repair construction.
303
西
Unloading Office, Eastern and Western Loading and Unloading.
304
Mooring Office and Broad Relief.
305
西
Street offices, Golden Crow guard offices, the Western Grand Unity Palace, coin casting, Kaifeng relay stations, transport offices, gates, and boundary relay stations were split among the State Finance Commission, Oversight Office, and Kaifeng Prefecture.
306
Institutions since Xining.
307
Hebei cavalry had twelve quotas from Cavalry Archers downward; Infantry had twenty-six quotas from Offer Transformation downward, all redesignated Reverent Victory. In all there were 112 commands totaling 29,270 men.
308
Bridge Road: Chan.
309
Strong City and Prison City: various prefectures.
310
Horse Pasture: Bejing—Daming; Xiangzhou—Anyang; Mingzhou—Guangping; Weizhou—Qishui.
311
Cavalry Archers: Bejing, Zhending, Cang, Chan, Xiang, En, Ji, and Di.
312
Border Guard: Ying, Xiang, Xing, Qi, Bin, Ci, Wei, Zhao, Mo, Ming, Qianning, Guangxin, and Tongli.
313
Flying General: Bejing.
314
Flying Valor: Di.
315
Break the Ranks: Huai.
316
Hall Detachment: Ying, Cang, Xiong, Ba, Mo, and Baoding.
317
Yamen Detachment: De and Yongjing.
318
Secure Tranquility: En.
319
Light Cavalry: Xing.
320
Obedient Discipline: Zhending.
321
Dare to Conquer: Shen.
322
Secure the Frontier Pass: Ding, Zhending, Ji, Cang, Xiong, Bo, Shen, and Qianning.
323
Offer Transformation: Huai. In Xining 7, Jingdong and Hebei created Selected Central corridor commands—two at Huai, Wei, and Pu; one at De, Bo, Di, and Qi.
324
Quiet the Border: Di.
325
耀
Glorious Martial: Ding.
326
Cherish Integrity: Chan.
327
Broad Dominate: Bejing.
328
Control Barbarians: Ji.
329
Fierce Sharp: Zhending.
330
Subdue Barbarians: Shen.
331
Quiet the Barbarians: Zhao.
332
Secure Harmony: Ding.
333
Secure Compliance: Cang.
334
Clear Distant: Xiong and Ba.
335
Overcome Victory: Ying, Cang, Mo, and Baoding.
336
Secure Discipline: Ding, Zhending, Cang, Ying, Xiang, Xing, Ming, Ji, Qi, De, Bin, Bao, Xiong, Ci, Bo, Zhao, Shen, Huai, Wei, Shun'an, Tongli, Xin'an, Baoding, Ansuh, Yongding, and Yongjing.
337
Cherish Peace: Ding, Zhending, and Qi.
338
Stout Valor: Xing. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, it was promoted to Zhending Prefecture's northern-stockade Stout Valor as palace guards.
339
Display Martial: Daming, Zhending, Huai, and Wei. In Yuanyou 2, the capital gained commands thirteen through fifteen—three in all.
340
Martial Valor: Cang.
341
Reverent Victory: Zhending. In Xining 7, Jingdong and Hebei created Selected Central corridor commands—one at Huai and Pu; two at De, Bo, Di, and Qi.
342
Solemn Tranquility: Sucheng.
343
Broad Relief: Tongli. In Xining 8, an edict set quotas at six-tenths and ended dispatched guest troops.
344
Garrison Fields Guard: Bao.
345
Pacify Border: Qianning.
346
Strong and Robust: Xing.
347
Proclaim Valor: Ying, Cang, Huai, and Ji.
348
Broad Might. In Yuanfu 1, an edict had Hebei’s twenty-two prefectures and armies, including Daming, create fifty-six horse-and-foot commands; the cavalry were named Broad Might.
349
Hedong cavalry had two quotas from Border Guard downward; Infantry had eighteen quotas from Left Yamen downward, all redesignated Fierce Bold. In all there were fifty-two commands totaling 12,410 men.
350
Home Garrison: Huoshan.
351
Prison City: various prefectures.
352
Strong City: Taiyuan, Liao, Ze, Jin, Jiang, Lu, Fen, Shi, Ci, Lin, Fu, Xian, Dai, Xin, Xi, Lan, Ninghua, Baode, Huoshan, Weisheng, and Kelan.
353
Miscellaneous Collection: Dai.
354
Craftworks Institute Artisans: Taiyuan.
355
Border Guard: Ze and Liao.
356
Secure Victory: Lan.
357
Left Yamen and Right Yamen: Jin.
358
Naval Forces: Lu and Baode.
359
Fierce Bold: Jiang.
360
Forever Secure: Lu.
361
Forever Dominate: Ze.
362
Bow and Arrow: Jin.
363
Compliant Peace: Ci.
364
Compliant Dominate: Xi.
365
Proclaim Fierce: Weisheng.
366
Recruitment: Fen, Liao, Ze, Shi, Lu, Ci, Jin, Jiang, Dai, Xin, Weisheng, and Pingding.
367
Open Border: Pingding.
368
Secure Discipline: Taiyuan, Jin, Jiang, Fen, Liao, Ze, Shi, Lu, Ci, Lin, Fu, Xian, Dai, Xin, Xi, Weisheng, Kelan, Huoshan, Baode, and Pingding.
369
Stout Valor: Taiyuan, Lan, Fen, Liao, Ze, Lu, Jin, Xian, Dai, Xin, Xi, Kelan, Pingding, Ninghua, and Weisheng.
370
Martial Swift: Jin, Jiang, Xi, and Ci.
371
Pacify Barrier: Taiyuan, Fen, Liao, Shi, Dai, and Xin.
372
Broad Relief: Shouyang. In Xining 8, quotas were set at six-tenths and guest troops dispatched from the circuits for river defense were reduced.
373
Proclaim Valor: Jin, Jiang, Lu, Fen, Liao, Shi, Ci, Dai, Xin, Ze, Weisheng, and Pingding.
374
西
Shaanxi cavalry had six quotas from Cavalry Archers downward; Infantry had twenty-nine quotas from Left Yamen downward, all redesignated Secure Peace. In all there were 111 commands totaling 20,563 men.
375
Open the Mountains: Qin.
376
Pass and River: Hezhong.
377
Herds Commissioner: Yongxing, Qin, Jie, Yuan, and Deshun.
378
Provincial Craftworks Institute: Bin.
379
耀
Strong City: Yongxing, Hezhong, Jing, Yuan, Yi, Wei, Fu, Qing, Shan, Yao, Fang, Hua, Dan, Tong, Long, Qian, Jie, Zhenrong, and Deshun.
380
Prison City: various prefectures.
381
Horse Pasture: Tongzhou—Shayuan.
382
Craftworks Institute: Dan and Yi.
383
Dyed Service: Huan.
384
Xianyang Bridge Road: Yongxing.
385
Cavalry Archers: Yongxing, Fengxiang, Hezhong, Shan, Hua, Qin, Jing, and Fu.
386
耀
Secure the Border: Yongxing, Fengxiang, Hezhong, Tong, Hua, Yao, Qian, Jie, and Guo.
387
Display Martial Prowess: Hezhong.
388
Sure to Conquer: Shan and Bin.
389
Secure the Border: Jing.
390
Horse Combat: Yongxing.
391
Break the Ranks: Yan, Tong, and Qian.
392
Hall Detachment: Hua.
393
Secure Victory: Fu.
394
Return of Grace: Fengxiang.
395
Secure the Barbarians: Jing.
396
Secure the Frontier: Huan and Qing.
397
Yamen Detachment: Long and Yi.
398
Flying Fort: Huan.
399
Sure Victory: Qing.
400
Secure Discipline: Yongxing, Qin, Bin, Ning, Fu, Yan, Huan, Qing, Jing, Yuan, Yi, Wei, Dan, Long, Fang, Zhenrong, and Deshun.
401
耀
Left Yamen: Yao and Shan.
402
Right Yamen: Shan.
403
西
Secure Peace: Wei. In Xining 7, corridor troops on attached service were temporarily freed from labor corvée to train only in arms; Fengxiang raised six selected Secure Peace commands totaling three thousand men for Xihe fort and stockade repair. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, two were established at Lanzhou. In Shaoxing 3, four more were added in Xihe and ten were newly established in Jingyuan. Tenth month, Yuanfu 3: Shaanxi Secure Peace commands were folded into the palace-guard quota at the request of Zhang Nie, prefect of Wei.
404
Personal Escort: Shang.
405
Reverent Submission: Jie.
406
Naval Forces: Qin and Shan. In Xining 5, one was established at Zhentao; in Chongning 3, two were established at Shanzhou and Longzhi Fort.
407
耀
Glorious Martial: Ning and Hua.
408
Secure Peace: within the province center.
409
Offer Transformation: Fengxiang.
410
Broad Peace: Guo.
411
Brave Victory: Yongxing.
412
Clear Distant: Yongxing, Yan, Wei, Fu, Qing, Jing, Yi, and Bao'an.
413
Open Broad: Yuan and Tong.
414
Establish Martial: Fu and Huan.
415
Declare Victory: Fang.
416
Bow and Arrow: Qin.
417
Reverent Valor: Cheng.
418
Solemn Clear: Qian.
419
Pacify the Distance: Feng.
420
耀
Strong Martial: Fengxiang, Hezhong, Tong, Yao, Hua, Qian, Jie, Shan, and Bao'an.
421
Fierce Valor: Bin.
422
Respond to Submission: Qing.
423
Expand the Border: Huan.
424
Reverent Discipline: Cheng.
425
Martial Swift: Fengxiang, Qin, Feng, Fu, Yan, Jing, Yuan, Yi, Wei, Bin, Ning, Jie, Fang, and Dan.
426
Martial Valor: Hezhong.
427
Timber Procurement: Qin. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, one more was added at Tongyuan Army.
428
Establish Peace: Jie.
429
Jingdong cavalry had three quotas from Cavalry Archers downward; Infantry had seventeen quotas from Left Yamen downward, all redesignated Offer Transformation. In all there were fifty-four commands totaling 14,750 men.
430
Strong City: Qing, Mi, Wei, Deng, Yi, Pu, Lai, and Zi.
431
Horse Pasture: Yunzhou—Dongping.
432
Loading and Unloading: Nanjing.
433
Prison City: various prefectures.
434
Cavalry Archers: Nanjing, Qing, Yan, Yun, Cao, Xu, Qi, and Wei.
435
Border Guard: Nanjing, Qing, Yun, Mi, Xu, Cao, Qi, Pu, Ji, Zi, Lai, Yi, and Shan.
436
Display Martial Prowess: Nanjing.
437
Pacify the Barbarians: Cao.
438
Solo Valor: Shan.
439
Secure Martial: Yun and Qi.
440
Sure to Conquer: Yun.
441
Decisive Victory: Ji.
442
Quiet the Mountains: Yan.
443
Brave: Mi and Yi. In Yuanfu 2, Huanqing received an additional 200 men.
444
Secure the Border: Xu.
445
Pacify the East: Deng and Lai.
446
Yamen Detachment: Cao.
447
Left Yamen: Nanjing and Yun.
448
Right Yamen: Nanjing, Xu, Yun, Cao, and Guangji.
449
Open Martial and Cherish Transformation: Cao.
450
Secure Peace and Open the Distance: Ji.
451
Secure Peace: Qi.
452
Martial Valor: Wei.
453
Quiet the Seas: Xu, Wei, and Yang.
454
Reverent Submission: Qing.
455
Loyal Strategy: Zi.
456
Secure the Seas and Naval Forces: Deng.
457
Pacify Relief: Lai.
458
Establish Martial: Mi.
459
Strong Martial: Qing, Xu, Cao, Yan, Mi, Wei, Qi, Pu, Deng, Lai, and Huaiyang.
460
西
Reverent Martial: Pu. In Chongning 3, an edict created 50,000 horse and foot troops in eastern Jingxi, northeastern Hedong, and the Kaifeng zone; the infantry were named Reverent Martial. In Daguan 4, an edict required quota shortfalls in the Four Assisting prefectures to be made up from Reverent Martial and other commands.
461
Home Garrison: Cao.
462
西
The Jingxi Circuit cavalry quota, from Cavalry Archers downward, numbered six; The infantry quota, from Offer Transformation downward, numbered twenty-five; all were redesignated Strong Martial. In all there were forty-five commands and 15,150 men.
463
Bridge Road: Heyang.
464
Open Road: Zheng.
465
Step Relay: Xiang.
466
西
Communications Bridge Road: Xijing.
467
西
Timber Procurement: Xijing.
468
Prison City: various prefectures.
469
西
Strong City: Xijing, Cai, and Ru.
470
西
Horse Pasture: Xuzhou—Dan Town; Zhengzhou—Yuanwu; Xijing—Luoyang.
471
Three Water Mills: Zheng.
472
西西
Eastern and Western Eight Works: Xijing.
473
西
Cavalry Archers: Xijing, Heyang, Chen, Xu, Zheng, Ying, and Hua.
474
西
Border Guard: Xijing, Heyang, Zheng, Cai, Xiang, Deng, Hua, Ying, Ru, Ying, Jun, Shang, Sui, Tang, Xinyang, and Guanghua.
475
Secure the Border: Cai.
476
Roaming Patrol: Xu.
477
Yamen Detachment: Chen.
478
Secure Loyalty: Hua.
479
Offer Transformation: Zheng, Xu, Chen, Cai, Hua, and Ying.
480
Cherish Transformation: Xu and Ying.
481
西
Open the Mountains: Xijing.
482
Personal Escort: Sui and Tang.
483
西
Secure Peace: Xijing.
484
耀
Glorious Martial: Heyang and Deng.
485
Return and Secure: Heyang.
486
西
Strong Martial: Xijing, Chen, Cai, Deng, Xiang, Ying, Ru, and Guanghua.
487
Quiet the River: Chen, Cai, and Ying.
488
Three Stratagems: Chen.
489
Pacifying Huai and Loyal Submission: Ying.
490
Reverent Tranquility: Ru.
491
Clear Sea: Xiang.
492
Secure Tranquility: Jun and Xinyang.
493
Cherish Peace: Fang.
494
Proclaiming Integrity: Ying.
495
Reverent Transformation: Guanghua.
496
Long Sword: Hua.
497
西
Western Cherish Transformation: Xu.
498
Fortress Defense: Jun.
499
西
Martial Valor: Xijing.
500
Broad Relief: Chen.
501
Quiet the Huai: Cai.
502
The Huainan Circuit cavalry quota, from Border Guard downward, numbered six; The infantry quota, from Left Yamen downward, numbered twenty-seven; all were redesignated Pacifying Huai. In all there were 102 commands and 41,285 men.
503
Bridge Road: Shou.
504
Water Transport: Tai.
505
Stern Oarsmen, capital command at Chu and Zhen.
506
Miscellaneous Labor, capital command at Shou.
507
Outfitting and Dispatch: Zhen, Si, Chu, Tong, and He.
508
Naval Forces, Bridge Road: Si.
509
Chariot Troops: Zhen and Chu.
510
Salt Cart: Tai and Zhen.
511
Newly Recruited Stern Oarsmen: Zhen and Si.
512
Raised-Head Naval Forces: Si.
513
Prison City: various prefectures.
514
Loading and Unloading: Bo.
515
Surplus Personnel Direct: Bo—Yongcheng.
516
宿
Border Guard: Bo, Lu, and Su.
517
Flying General: Bo.
518
宿
Horse Combat: Su.
519
Secure Victory: Guang.
520
Martial Victory: Si and Hao.
521
宿
Selected Cavalry Archers: Yang, Lu, Shou, Bo, Su, Si, Zhen, Qi, Huang, Hao, Guang, Hai, He, Tong, Shu, Chu, Lianshui, Gaoyou, and Wuwei.
522
Left Yamen: Tong.
523
Pacify Disaster: Bo and Hao.
524
宿
Offer Transformation: Yang, Bo, Lu, Shou, Su, Hao, He, Tong, Tai, Chu, Shu, Zhen, Si, Chu, Wuwei, Lianshui, and Gaoyou.
525
Open the Distance: Yang, Chu, and Si.
526
Six Wonders: Chu.
527
Martial Valor: Tai.
528
Cherish Peace: Tai.
529
Quiet the Sea: Tong.
530
宿
Personal Escort: Su.
531
Naval Forces: Yang, Lu, Shou, Guang, Hai, He, Tai, Chu, Shu, Zhen, Qi, Huang, Si, Lianshui, Gaoyou, and Wuwei.
532
耀
Glorious Martial: Tai.
533
Strong Martial: Yang, Lu, Shou, Huang, Guang, Hai, He, Tong, Qi, Chu, Tai, Shu, Chu, and Gaoyou
534
Pacifying Huai, Loyal Submission, and Display Courage: Shou.
535
Quiet Victory: Yang.
536
Pacify Compliance: Lu.
537
Border Preparation: Si.
538
Three Victories: Chu.
539
Pacify Transformation: Shu.
540
Secure Victory: Guang.
541
Cherish Benevolence: Qi and Huang.
542
Secure Discipline: Shu.
543
宿
Broad Relief: Su, Hai, Tai, Tong, Si, Gaoyou, and Lianshui. In Xining 8, the quota was set at six-tenths.
544
Naval Forces, Offer Transformation: Tai and Si.
545
Defend the Sea: Tong and Tai.
546
Liangzhe infantry had three quotas from Defend the River downward, all redesignated Honored Integrity. In all there were fifty-one commands totaling 19,000 men.
547
Naval Forces: various prefectures and armies.
548
Shipyard: Ming.
549
Shipping Office: Hang and Wu.
550
Chariot Troops: Chang.
551
Timber Procurement: Ming.
552
Tower Shop Office: Hang.
553
River Bridge Office: Ming.
554
Dam Troops: Chang'an, Jingkou, Lücheng, and Shanqing.
555
Clearing Service: Hang, Su, Wu, and Wen.
556
Defend the River: Hang, three commands.
557
Home Garrison: Xiu and Chang.
558
Drum and Horn General: Run.
559
Jiangnan cavalry had one Selected Cavalry Archers quota; infantry had five quotas from Effective Valor downward, all redesignated Effective Valor. In all there were fifty-three commands totaling 16,650 men.
560
Naval Forces: Jiangning, Hong, Qian, Xuan, She, Rao, Xin, Taiping, Chi, Jiang, Ji, Yun, Fu, Xingguo, Linjiang, Nankang, and Guangde.
561
Inner Transport: Jiangning.
562
Tribute Transport: Rao.
563
Naval Forces: Linjiang.
564
Stern Oarsmen, capital command at Hong.
565
Shipbuilding Army Artisans: Ji.
566
Step Relay: Jiangning.
567
Prison City: various prefectures and armies.
568
Strong City: Hong.
569
Unloading Coin Office: Jiang.
570
Ironwood Artisans Camp, Wine Office Camp, and Bamboo Artisans Camp: Chi.
571
Wine Office Miscellaneous Service: Jiangning.
572
Selected Cavalry Archers: Xuan, Fu, Jiang, Ji, Yun, Yuan, She, Taiping, Chi, Rao, Xin, Guangxin, Nankang, Nan'an, Jianchang, Linjiang, and Xingguo.
573
Effective Valor: Jiangning and Guangde.
574
Home Garrison: Nan'an.
575
Quiet the River: Nan'an. In the seventh month of Chongning 2, troops were recruited.
576
Martial Prestige: Jiangning.
577
Secure Discipline: Hong, Qian, Jiang, Chi, Rao, Xin, Taiping, Ji, Yun, Yuan, Fu, and Xingguo.
578
Jinghu cavalry had three quotas from Cavalry Archers downward; infantry had twenty quotas from Left Yamen downward, all redesignated Proclaiming Integrity. In all there were forty-four commands totaling 11,300 men.
579
Step Relay: Jingmen.
580
Water Transport: Tan.
581
Shipyard: Tan and Ding.
582
Ferry Boats, capital command at Tan.
583
Clearing Service, Shipyard, and Iron Works: Tan.
584
Cavalry Archers: Jiangling, Tan, E, Yue, An, Li, Fu, Ding, Yong, Dao, Chen, Shao, and Guiyang.
585
Border Guard: An.
586
Yamen Detachment: Xia.
587
Left Yamen: An.
588
Naval Forces: Jiangling, Tan, Heng, Yong, Chen, Shao, E, Yue, Fu, An, Li, Xia, Ding, Gui, Hanyang, and Guiyang.
589
Pacify the Distance: Fu.
590
Strong City: Tan, Yue, An, and Fu.
591
Quiet the River: Jiangling, Tan, Yue, Ding, Heng, Yong, Chen, and Quan.
592
Three Stratagems: Ding.
593
Pacifying Huai: Li.
594
Reverent Peace: Yue.
595
Clear River: Chen.
596
Proclaiming Integrity, Southern Route: all prefectures, armies, and commissions. Northern Route: Yue, Li, Ding, Jingmen, and the various commissions. In the ninth month of Xining 7, one command was established at Yuan. In Daguan 1, one command was established at Jing.
597
Step Swift: Quan.
598
Mighty Oar: Jiangling, Gui, and Xia.
599
Secure Discipline: E.
600
Honored Integrity: Tan.
601
Martial Valor: An.
602
Prison City: various prefectures and armies.
603
Central Army command: Tan and Jiang.
604
Selected Central: Li.
605
Selected Central Proclaiming Integrity: Tan, Li, and Ding.
606
Drum and Horn General: Jingmen.
607
Fujian infantry had three quotas from Naval Forces downward, all redesignated Guarding Integrity. In all there were thirty-three commands totaling 11,150 men.
608
Naval Forces: Fu, Jian, Zhang, Quan, and Shaowu.
609
Guarding Integrity: Jian, Ting, and Nanjian.
610
Honored Integrity: Fu, Quan, and Xinghua.
611
Guangnan cavalry had two quotas from Quiet the Mountains downward; infantry had ten quotas from Naval Forces downward, all redesignated Pure Transformation. In all there were eighty-two commands totaling 12,700 men.
612
Step Relay: Xun, He, Feng, Mei, Kang, Nanxiong, Chao, and Shao.
613
Shipyard: Guang.
614
Rope-Hauling Naval Forces: Guang.
615
City Face: Guang, Duan, Hui, Xun, Ying, Chun, He, Mei, Lian, Kang, Xin, Feng, Bai, and Chao.
616
Relay Horn Ground: Lei.
617
Transport Tin: Xun.
618
Prison City: various prefectures.
619
Quiet the Mountains: Yi.
620
Local-garrison Horse Army: Guang.
621
Naval Forces: Guang, Hui, Ying, He, Feng, Lian, Kang, Nanxiong, Chun, Lianzhou, Bai, and Yong.
622
Quiet the River: Guang, Shao, Xun, Chao, Lian, Mei, Nanxiong, Ying, He, Feng, Duan, Xin, Kang, Chun, Hui, Gui, Rong, Yong, Xiang, Zhao, Wu, Teng, Gong, Meng, Xun, Gui, Liu, Yi, Bin, Heng, Rong, Hua, Dou, Gao, Lei, Qin, Yulin, Lianzhou, and Qiong.
623
Clear Sea: Shao, Xun, Chao, Lian, Mei, Nanxiong, Ying, He, Feng, Duan, Nan'en, Chun, Hui, Gui, Rong, Yong, Xiang, Zhao, Gong, Meng, Xun, Gui, Liu, Bin, Heng, Rong, Hua, Lei, Dou, Nanyi, Bai, Qin, Yulin, Lianzhou, Ya, and Dan. All were chosen from the young and robust among assigned subordinates.
624
Coastal Patrol Naval Forces: Guang.
625
Home Garrison: Mei.
626
西
Pacify the Sea: Qiong. In Chongning 4, the Guangnan West pacification commission asked to raise three thousand blade-shield troops, establish a camp at Gui Prefecture, and after drill training, distribute them in garrisons across the prefectures.
627
Newly Recruited: Jingjiang and Yong.
628
Pure Transformation: Gui, Rong, Yong, Xiang, Zhao, Wu, Teng, Meng, Gong, Xun, Gui, Liu, Yi, Bin, Heng, Rong, Hua, Dou, Gao, Nanyi, Lei, Bai, Qin, Yulin, Lianzhou, Qiong, and Dan.
629
Battle Oars: Qin and Lian.
630
Pacify Distant: Gui. In the tenth month of Chongning 1, Sichuan and Shaanxi were ordered to recruit and fill their quotas.
631
Sichuan infantry had ten quotas from Open Distant downward, all redesignated Overcoming Peace. In all there were one hundred eleven commands totaling 23,400 men. From Hebei through here, redesignations, command totals, and manpower all followed pre-Yuanfeng practice; later additions and revisions followed each army's quota.
632
Bridge Road: Xing.
633
Bridge Pavilion: Long, Jian, Wen, and Sanquan.
634
River Defense and Outer Rampart: Chengdu.
635
Prison City: Yi, Zi, Li, and Kui.
636
Open Distant: Li and Jian.
637
Naval Forces: Xing.
638
Quiet the River: Li.
639
Cherish the Distant: Xingyuan.
640
Broad Barrier: Xingyuan and Sanquan.
641
綿
Overcoming Peace: Chengdu, Shu, Han, Ya, Qiong, Jia, Mian, Ling, Peng, Mei, Jian, Rong, Rong, Pu, Zi, Zi, He, Lu, Suí, Qu, Chang, Guo, Huai'an, Guangan, Xingyuan, Yang, Li, Long, Jian, Peng, Bi, Wen, Xing, Ande, Sanquan, Qi's commands, Yu, Fu, Wan, Da, Kai, Shi, Zhong, Yun'an, and Daning.
642
Mighty Oar: Chengdu, Jia, Mei, and Jian. Zizhou Circuit: various prefectures and armies. Jian and Ande; Qi's commands at Yu, Fu, Wan, and Yun'an.
643
Cherish Trust: Li.
644
Submitting Transformation: Xing.
645
Home Garrison: Liangshan.
646
Martial Peace: in the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Chengdu Prefecture was ordered to abolish the eighth Martial Peace command and establish one horse-army cavalry archers command.
647
Palace Guard Foot Army Bureau: Proclaiming Effectiveness, Selected Central Proclaiming Effectiveness, Selected Central Six Armies, Martial Sternness, Left and Right Dragon Martial, Left and Right Feathered Forest, Left and Right Divine Martial, Left and Right Martial Awe, Martial Harmony, Loyal Submission, and Divine Guard surplus personnel. Army Head Bureau Reserve Army. Service conscripts of various offices, warehouses, River Clearing, and horse relay stations. Court Robes and Ritual Objects Storehouse and Tilled Fields Office, under the Court of Imperial Sacrifices.
648
西西
Eastern and Western Workshops, workshop materials storehouse, Eastern and Western Broad Stores, and hides and horns storehouse, under the Directorate of Armaments.
649
Chariot Camp, Reach-Distant Office, elephant-keeping office, Left and Right Fine Steeds Courts, Left and Right Heavenly Steeds Directorates, upper and lower pasture directorates, saddlery storehouse, camel office, hide-stripping office, and Imperial Carriage Office, under the Court of the Imperial Stud.
650
西
Literary Reflection Institute, damask and brocade institute, and Western Dyeing and Garment-Making Institute, under the Court of the Imperial Manufactories.
651
Army weapons, armor, and clothing storehouse, Ceremonial Parasol Office, Left and Right Golden Crow Guard Office, Left and Right Street Office, Six Armies Ceremonial Guard Office, and army equipment storehouse, under the Court of Imperial Entertainments.
652
River Clearing and Street Office, under the Directorate of Waterways.
653
西西退西
Interior Construction Office, Eastern and Western Eight Works Offices, bamboo and timber office, Eastern and Western surplus-material yards, materials yard, Eastern and Western kiln offices, and workshop materials storehouse, under the Directorate of Imperial Works.
654
祿
Imperial Kitchen, Hanlin Office, cattle and sheep office, statutory wine storehouse, inner wine workshop, outer materials storehouse, vinegar storehouse, and oil storehouse, under the Court of Imperial Wine.
655
Left Repository, cloth storehouse, aromatics storehouse, capital tea storehouse, left and right wing shop and residence offices, and construction.
656
Monopoly Goods Office and reception storehouse, under the Court of the Imperial Treasury.
657
Granary repair office, four park estates, capital water mills, barge-unloading office, loading and unloading, Golden Pool Ming miscellaneous service, under the Court of Imperial Granaries.
658
西
Sweet Spring Abbey, Longevity Abbey, Gathered Blessings Abbey, Western Great Unity Palace, and Ceremonial Guests Office, under the Court of State Ceremonial.
659
Broad Stores, subordinate to the Capital Construction Office.
660
Breeding Directorate, under the Bureau of Military Affairs.
661
Capital-district gate horse relay stations, under the Ministry of Rites' Chariot and Horse Section.
662
All of the above followed pre-Yuanfeng subordination and continued unchanged thereafter.
663
After Jianyan: palace guards and corridor troops
664
Martial Fruit: Anji, Jiaxing, Hang, Pingjiang, Chang, Yan, Zhenjiang, Shaoxing, Qingyuan, Wen, Tai, Wu, Chu, Longxing, Jiang, Ningguo, Nankang, Tan, Yong, Qu, Dao, Shaowu, Jianning, Nanjian, Quan, Fu, Xinghua, Zhang, and Ting.
665
Total Victory: established at the Restoration. Hang, Wu, Anji, Pingjiang, Quan, Zhenjiang, Shaoxing, Qingyuan, Ningguo, Baoqing, and Fu.
666
Heroic Integrity: Hang, Anji, Jiaxing, Pingjiang, Chang, Yan, Wen, Zhenjiang, Shaoxing, Jiangyin, Qingyuan, Tai, Wu, and Chu.
667
Martial Guard: Zhenjiang, Shaoxing, Wen, Wu, and Tan.
668
Martial Swiftness: Hang, Wen, Zhenjiang, Shaoxing, Wu, and Tan.
669
Heroic Swiftness: established at the Restoration. Shaoxing.
670
Martial Victory: established at the Restoration. Baoqing and Qingyuan.
671
Winged Tiger: established at the Restoration. Longxing.
672
Heroic Stratagem: established at the Restoration. Ji, Tan, Yong, Qu, Longxing, Quan, Fu, Guang, and Rong.
673
Loyal Integrity: established at the Restoration. Longxing, Fu, Linjiang, Ningguo, Jiang, Jianchang, Xingguo, and Nankang.
674
Martial Heroism: Fu, Longxing, Jiang, Jianchang, Ji, Xingguo, Nan'an, Yuan, Linjiang, Ningguo, and Nankang.
675
Pacified Tranquility: established at the Restoration. Quan and Baoqing.
676
Quiet the River: Guiyang, Chen, Heng, Dao, and Quan.
677
Broad Integrity: established at the Restoration. Shaowu, Fu, Zhang, Jianning, Nanjian, Xinghua, and Ting.
678
Broad Second and Broad Third commands: established at the Restoration. Quan.
679
Personal Effectiveness: established at the Restoration. Guang.
680
Clear Sea: Guang, Xun, Lian, Nanxiong, Feng, Yingde, Nan'en, Hui, Chao, Teng, Rong, He, De, Qing, Zhao, Gao, Qin, and Lei.
681
Corridor troops after the Jianyan era
682
Martial Sternness, Proclaiming Effectiveness, and Strong Service: established at the Restoration.
683
Reserve Army: established at the Restoration.
684
Divine Guard surplus personnel belonged to the Palace Guard Foot Army; after the Restoration they belonged to corridor troops.
685
Broad Abundance Granary surplus personnel: established at the Restoration.
686
Broad Effectiveness: at the Restoration Selected Central Broad Effectiveness was established alongside Broad Effectiveness.
687
Imperial Camp reconnaissance: at the Restoration, in the capital.
688
Martial Harmony: one command in Kaifeng. At the Restoration it had left and right commands—two in all—in the capital.
689
Martial Awe: at the Restoration, in the capital.
690
Loyal Submission: one command in Kaifeng, under the foot army.
691
Submitting to Transformation: under the foot army, three commands. After the Restoration there was Selected Offer Transformation, ranked above Offer Transformation.
692
Strong Martial: in the capital.
693
Victorious Respect: one command. After the Restoration there was Selected Victorious Respect, ranked above Victorious Respect.
694
Fierce Bold: one command.
695
Secure Peace: after the Restoration there was Selected Secure Peace, ranked above Secure Peace.
696
Pacifying Huai: established at the Restoration, in Huainan.
697
Defend the River: Hangzhou.
698
Proclaiming Integrity: established at the Restoration in Baqing, Tan, Yong, Wugang, Chen, Heng, Quan, Guiyang, Jing, Dao, and Yuan.
699
西
Effective Valor: established at the Restoration in Jiangdong and Jiangxi.
700
Guarding Integrity: established at the Restoration, five commands.
701
Overcoming Peace: established at the Restoration in Sichuan.
702
Pacifying the River: established at the Restoration. One command.
703
西
Pure Transformation: established at the Restoration in Guangxi.
704
Prison City units in the prefectures held offenders assigned by punishment.
705
西
Honored Integrity: established at the Restoration in Hangzhou, Anji, Pingjiang, Jiangyin, Changzhou, Yanzhou, Zhenjiang, Wenzhou, Qingyuan, Taizhou, Wuzhou, and Jiangdong and Jiangxi.
706
Open the River: established at the Restoration in Pingjiang.
707
Cross the River: established at the Restoration in Pingjiang and Hangzhou.
708
Pacifying Integrity: established at the Restoration in Taizhou, Fuzhou, Ningguo, Jianning, and Jing.
709
Clear Duties: established at the Restoration in Wuzhou.
710
Mountain Stations: established at the Restoration in Wuzhou.
711
Effective Valor: established at the Restoration in Longxing, Fu, Gan, Jianchang, Xingguo, Nan'an, Yuan, Ji, Linjiang, Ningguo, and Nankang.
712
Pacify Peace: established at the Restoration. Tan, Yong, and Changde.
713
Quiet the River: two commands.
714
Martial Fruit: see the entry under Palace Guard.
715
Heroic Strategy: established at the Restoration, four commands.
716
Clear Sea: established at the Restoration in Wugang and Quan.
717
Abundant State Directorate: established at the Restoration. Jianning.
718
Imperial Towing: established at the Restoration.
719
Long Transport: established at the Restoration.
720
Repair the River: established at the Restoration in Hangzhou.
721
Directorate of Works: established at the Restoration in Hangzhou.
722
Minor Works Office: established at the Restoration. Hangzhou.
723
Clear Lake Lock: established at the Restoration. Hangzhou.
724
Open Lake Office: established at the Restoration. Hangzhou.
725
North City Weir: established in the Zhongguang era. Hangzhou.
726
西
West River Broad Relief: established at the Restoration. Hangzhou.
727
Tower Shop Office: established at the Restoration in Hangzhou.
728
Chang'an Weir Lock: established at the Restoration. Hangzhou.
729
Scale Office: established at the Restoration. Hangzhou.
730
Strong City units were established in military commission seats and major prefectures.
731
Drum-and-horn craftsmen and ship service: established at the Restoration in Hangzhou.
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