1
彭乘，字利建，益州華陽人。 少以好學稱州里，進士及第。 嘗與同年生登相國寺閣，皆瞻顧鄉關，有從宦之樂，乘獨西望，悵然曰：「親長矣，安敢舍晨昏之奉，而圖一身之榮乎！」 翌日，奏乞侍養，居數日，授漢陽軍判官，遂得請以歸。 久之，有薦其文行者，召試，為館閣校勘，固辭還家，後復除鳳州團練推官。
Peng Cheng, whose courtesy name was Lijian, came from Huayang in Yizhou. As a young man he was known throughout his district for scholarly devotion, and he passed the civil service examination at the highest level. Once he ascended the pavilion of Xiangguo Temple with his fellow graduates. While the others looked homeward, delighted at the prospect of official careers, Cheng alone gazed west and said with deep regret: "My parents are old. How could I leave their morning and evening care to chase personal honor?" The next day he submitted a memorial asking to remain home and care for his parents. Within days he was appointed assistant administrator of Hanyang Commandery, and was granted leave to return. Long afterward, when his literary reputation was recommended, he was summoned for testing and appointed collator in the Hall of Literature. He firmly refused and returned home, but was later appointed recorder of the Tuanlian command in Feng Prefecture.
2
天禧初，用寇準薦，為館閣校勘，改天平軍節度推官。 預校正《南》、《北史》、《隋書》，改秘書省著作佐郎，遷本省丞、集賢校理。 懇求便親，得知普州，蜀人得守鄉郡自乘始。 普人鮮知學，乘為興學，召其子弟為生員教育之。 乘父卒，既葬，有甘露降於墓柏，人以為孝感。 服除，知荊門軍，改太常博士。 召還，同判尚書刑部，出知安州，徙提點京西刑獄，改夔州路轉運使。 會土賊田忠霸誘下溪州蠻將內寇，乘適按郡至境，大集邊吏，勒兵下山以備賊，賊遁去。 因遣人間之，其黨斬忠霸，夷其家。 召修起居注，擢知制誥，累遷工部郎中，入翰林為學士，領吏部流內銓、三班院，為群牧使。 既病，仁宗敕太醫診視，賜以禁中珍劑。 卒，賜白金三百兩。 御史知雜何郯論請贈官，不許，詔一子給奉終喪。
At the opening of the Tianxi reign, on Kou Zhun's recommendation, he again served as collator in the Hall of Literature and was transferred to recorder of the Tianping military commission. He participated in the revision of the Histories of the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Book of Sui, was appointed assistant compiler in the Secretariat, and rose to vice director of that office and collator in the Hall of Gathered Worthies. He earnestly requested a post that would allow him to care for his parents and was appointed prefect of Pu Prefecture. Among the people of Shu, the practice of serving in one's native commandery began with Cheng. The people of Pu had little acquaintance with learning. Cheng founded schools and gathered their sons and younger brothers as students to instruct them. After his father's burial, sweet dew fell on the tomb cypress, which people took as a sign of filial devotion moving Heaven. When his mourning period ended, he was appointed administrator of Jingmen Commandery and then transferred to erudite of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. He was recalled and served as associate administrator of the Ministry of Justice, then went out as prefect of An Prefecture, was transferred to intendant of judicial affairs on the Jingxi circuit, and became transport commissioner on the Kuizhou circuit. When the native bandit Tian Zhongba incited the Xi tribes of Xiaxi to raid inward, Cheng happened to be inspecting the prefecture and reached the frontier. He gathered the border officials, led troops down from the hills to prepare against attack, and the bandits withdrew. He then sent agents to sow discord among them. His partisans beheaded Zhongba and wiped out his household. He was summoned to revise the Veritable Records, promoted to drafter of edicts, and repeatedly advanced to bureau director in the Ministry of Works. He entered the Hanlin Academy as academician, headed the Ministry of Personnel's inner selection office and the Three-Rank Court, and served as commissioner of the pasturage offices. When he fell ill, Emperor Renzong ordered imperial physicians to treat him and bestowed precious medicines from the inner palace. At his death he was granted three hundred taels of white silver. Censorial executive associate He Yan memorialized asking that posthumous office be granted, but this was refused. An edict provided one son with salary through the full mourning period.
3
初，修起居注缺中書舍人，而乘在選中，帝指乘曰：「此老儒也，雅有恬退名，無以易之。」 及召見，諭曰：「卿先朝舊臣，久補外，而未嘗自言。」 對曰：「臣生孤遠，自量其分，安敢過有所望。」 帝頗嘉之。 乘質重寡言，性純孝，不喜事生業，聚書萬餘卷，皆手自刊校，蜀中所傳書，多出於乘。 晚歲，歷典贊命，而文辭少工云。
Earlier, when the post of reviser of the Veritable Records lacked a Secretariat drafter and Cheng was among the candidates, the emperor pointed to him and said: "This veteran scholar has long been known for tranquil withdrawal. No one should take his place." When summoned to audience, the emperor said to him: "You are an old servant of the previous reign, long posted outside the capital, yet you have never spoken on your own behalf." He replied: "Your servant was born solitary and remote. Measuring my proper portion, how dare I hope for more than I deserve?" The emperor greatly approved of him. Cheng was grave in bearing and sparing of speech, utterly filial by nature, and took no delight in worldly enterprise. He amassed more than ten thousand scrolls, all collated by his own hand, and most books circulated in Shu came from him. In his later years he repeatedly drafted imperial encomia, though his literary craft was somewhat slight.
4
嵇穎，字公實，應天宋城人。 父適，嘗為石首主簿。 民有父子坐重繫，府檄適按之，抵其父於法，而子獲免； 父死，假人言曰：「主簿，仁人也，行且生賢子，後必大。」 明年潁生。
Ji Ying, whose courtesy name was Gongshi, came from Songcheng in Yingtian. His father Shi had once served as registrar of Shishou. When a father and son were both imprisoned on a serious charge, the prefecture dispatched Shi to investigate. He applied the law to the father while the son was released. After the father's death, someone speaking for another said: "The registrar is a benevolent man. Soon he will beget a worthy son who will surely rise high." The next year Ying was born.
5
天聖中，進士及第，授蔡州團練判官。 王曾知青州，徙天雄軍，皆辟為從事。 後用曾薦，遷太子中允，為集賢校理。 歷開封府推官、三司度支判官、同修起居注，擢知制誥，累遷尚書兵部員外郎。 召入翰林為學士，未及謝，卒。 詔以告敕、襲衣、金帶、鞍勒馬賜其家。
In the Tiansheng era he passed the jinshi examination and was appointed recorder of the Cai Prefecture Tuanlian command. When Wang Zeng governed Qing Prefecture and later moved to the Tianxiong army, he recruited Ying as a staff member on both occasions. Later, on Zeng's recommendation, he was transferred to palace attendant and made collator in the Hall of Gathered Worthies. He served as recorder of the Kaifeng prefectural office, revenue-section administrator of the Three Departments, and co-reviser of the Veritable Records. He was promoted to drafter of edicts and repeatedly advanced to vice director in the Ministry of War. He was summoned into the Hanlin Academy as academician but died before he could present his thanks. An edict granted his household patent of appointment, mourning garments, a gold belt, saddle, and horse.
6
穎舉進士，時王曾、張知白相繼為南京留守，見穎謹厚篤學，謂其子弟曰：「若曹師表也。」 張堯封嘗從穎學，所為文，多留穎家。 其後堯封女入禁中，為修媛，甚被寵幸，令其弟化基詣穎，求編次其父稿，為序以獻之。 潁不答，亦不以獻。
When Ying took the jinshi examination, Wang Zeng and Zhang Zhibai in succession served as military commissioners of Nanjing. Seeing Ying's prudence, solidity, and devotion to learning, they told their sons and younger brothers: "You should take him as your model." Zhang Yaofeng once studied under Ying, and most of the compositions he wrote were left in Ying's house. Later Yaofeng's daughter entered the inner palace as Xiuyuan and was greatly favored. She had her younger brother Huaji visit Ying to ask him to compile her father's drafts and write a preface for presentation. Ying did not reply, nor did he present the work.
7
梅摯，字公儀，成都新繁人。 進士，起家大理評事、知藍田上元縣，徙知昭州，通判蘇州。 二浙饑，官貸種食，已而督償頗急，摯言借貸本以行惠，乃重困民，詔緩輸期。
Mei Zhi, whose courtesy name was Gongyi, came from Xinfan in Chengdu. After passing the jinshi examination, he began as reviewer in the Court of Judicial Review and prefect of Lantian and Shangyuan counties. He was transferred to prefect of Zhao Prefecture and served as vice prefect of Suzhou. When the two Zhe regions suffered famine, the government lent seed grain but then pressed repayment harshly. Zhi argued that the loans were meant as kindness and were only crushing the people anew. An edict relaxed the payment schedule.
8
慶歷中，擢殿中侍御史。 時數有災異，引《洪範》上《變戒》曰：「『王省惟歲』，謂王總群吏如歲，四時有不順，則省其職。 今日食於春，地震於夏，雨水於秋。 一歲而變及三時，此天意以陛下省職未至，而丁寧戒告也。 伊、洛暴漲漂廬舍，海水入台州殺人民，浙江潰防，黃河溢埽，所謂『水不潤下』。 陛下宜躬責修德，以回上帝之眷佑。 陰不勝陽，則災異衰止，而盛德日起矣。」
In the Qingli era he was promoted to palace censor. When calamities and anomalies recurred, he cited the Hong Fan and submitted a "Warning of Changes," saying: "'The king's office is the year' means the king gathers all officials as the year gathers the seasons. When any season is out of order, he examines their offices. This year brought an eclipse in spring, an earthquake in summer, and floods in autumn. In a single year change touched three seasons. This is Heaven's intent that Your Majesty has not yet examined offices thoroughly enough, and its earnest admonition. The Yi and Luo rose violently and swept away houses; seawater entered Taizhou and killed people; the Zhe dykes broke; the Yellow River overflowed its embankments—the so-called "water does not moisten downward." Your Majesty should personally take responsibility and cultivate virtue to regain Heaven's favor. When yin does not overcome yang, calamities will fade and great virtue will daily rise."
9
徙開封府推官，遷判官。 僧常瑩以簡劄達宮人，輦官鄭玉醉呼，歐徼巡卒，皆釋不問，摯請悉杖配之。 改度支判官，進侍御史。 論石元孫「不死行陳，繫縲以還，國之辱也，不斬無以厲邊臣」，再奏不報。 李用和除宣徽使，加同中書門下平章事。 摯言：「國初，杜審瓊亦帝舅也，官止大將軍； 李繼隆累有戰功，晚年始拜使相。 祖宗慎名器如此，今不宜亟授無功。」 以戶部員外郎兼侍御史知雜事、權判大理寺。 言：「權陝西轉運使張堯佐非才，繇宮掖以進，恐上累聖德。」 及奏減資政殿學士員，召待制官同議政，復百官轉對。 帝謂大臣曰：「梅摯言事有體。」 以為戶部副使。
He was transferred to recorder of the Kaifeng prefectural office and promoted to vice prefect. The monk Chang Ying reached palace women by written note; transport official Zheng Yu shouted while drunk; patrol soldiers of Ou all released them without inquiry. Zhi asked that all be beaten and banished. He was transferred to revenue-section administrator and advanced to attendant censor. He argued that Shi Yuansun "did not die in the ranks yet was brought back in bonds—the state's shame. If he is not executed, frontier officials cannot be encouraged." He memorialized again without response. Li Yonghe was appointed commissioner of the Palace Directorate and additionally made co-equal with the Secretariat and Chancellery. Zhi said: "At the founding of the dynasty, Du Shenqiong too was the emperor's uncle-in-law, yet his office stopped at great general. Li Jilong repeatedly won battle merit and only in his later years was made commissioner and chief minister. The ancestors were so careful of names and offices. Today one should not hastily grant office without merit." He served as vice director in the Ministry of Revenue while also attendant censor with executive duties and acting president of the Court of Judicial Review. He said: "Acting Shaanxi transport commissioner Zhang Yaozuo lacks talent. He advanced through the inner palace and may burden the sage's virtue." He also memorialized to reduce the number of academicians of the Hall of Sagacious Policy, summoned drafting officials to deliberate on government together, and restored the officials' rotating memorial audience. The emperor told the great ministers: "Mei Zhi's remonstrances have propriety." He was made vice commissioner of the Ministry of Revenue.
10
會宴契丹使紫宸殿，三司副使當坐殿東廡下。 同列有謂曲宴例坐殿上，而大宴當止殿門外爾。 因不即坐，與劉湜、陳洎趨出。 降知海州，徙蘇州，人為度支副使。 初，河北歲饑，三司益漕江、淮米餉河北。 後江、淮饑，有司尚責其數，摯奏減之。
At a banquet for Khitan envoys in the Zichen Hall, the vice commissioner of the Three Departments should sit in the eastern wing. Colleagues said that at informal banquets one customarily sat in the hall, while at great banquets one should stop only outside the hall doors. They therefore did not immediately take their seats and, with Liu Shi and Chen Ji, hurried out. He was demoted to prefect of Haizhou, transferred to Suzhou, and people regarded him as vice commissioner of revenue. Earlier Hebei had suffered famine year after year; the Three Departments increased transport of Jianghuai rice to supply Hebei. Later Jianghuai suffered famine, yet the responsible offices still demanded the full quota. Zhi memorialized to reduce it.
11
擢天章閣待制、陝西都轉運使。 還判吏部流內銓，進龍圖閣學士、知滑州。 州歲備河，調丁壯伐灘葦，摯以疲民，奏用州兵代之。 河大漲，將決，夜率官屬督工徒完堤，水不為患，詔獎其勞。 勾當三班院、同知貢舉。 請知杭州，帝賜詩寵行。 累遷右諫議大夫，徙江寧府，又徙河中。 卒。
He was promoted to academician of the Hall of Heavenly Writings and Shaanxi transport commissioner. He returned to preside over the Ministry of Personnel's inner selection office and was advanced to Hanlin academician of the Dragon Diagram Hall and prefect of Hua Prefecture. The prefecture each year prepared for the river, drafting strong men to cut beach reeds. Considering the people exhausted, Zhi memorialized to use prefectural troops instead. The river rose greatly and was about to break. At night he led officials to supervise laborers in completing the dike, and the water did no harm. An edict rewarded his labor. He handled affairs of the Three-Rank Court and jointly managed the civil service examinations. He requested appointment as prefect of Hang Prefecture, and the emperor bestowed a poem to honor his departure. He was repeatedly advanced to right remonstrator, transferred to Jiangning Prefecture, and again to Hezhong. He died.
12
摯性淳靜，不為矯厲之行，政跡如其為人。 平居未嘗問生業，喜為詩，多警句。 有奏議四十餘篇。
Zhi's nature was pure and tranquil. He did not perform forced conduct, and his administrative record matched his character. In ordinary life he never inquired about livelihood. He delighted in poetry and produced many striking lines. He left more than forty memorials of remonstrance.
13
司馬池
Sima Chi
14
司馬池，字和中，自言晉安平獻王孚後，征東大將軍陽葬安邑瀾洄曲，後魏析安邑置夏縣，遂為縣人。 池少喪父，家貲數十萬，悉推諸父，而自力讀書。 時議者以蒲阪、竇津、大陽路官運鹽回遠聞，乃開㟏口道，自聞喜逾山而抵垣曲，咸以為便。 池謂人曰：「昔人何為捨逕而就迂，殆必有未便者。」 眾不以為然。 未幾，山水暴至，鹽車人牛盡沒入河，眾乃服。
Sima Chi, whose courtesy name was Hezhong, claimed descent from Sima Fu, Prince Xianping of Jin. The general who campaigned east was buried at Lanyuan bend in Anyi; later Wei divided Anyi and established Xia County, and thus his family were men of that county. Chi lost his father in youth. Household assets numbered several hundred thousand cash, all of which he yielded to his uncles while he supported himself through study. At the time deliberators held that the Puyuan, Doujin, and Dayang routes for official salt transport were circuitous and burdensome, so they opened the Hankou road from Wenxi over the mountains to Yuanqu, and all regarded it as convenient. Chi said to people: "Why did men of old abandon the direct route for the roundabout one? There must surely have been some inconvenience." The multitude did not agree. Before long mountain floods burst forth. Salt carts, men, and oxen were all swallowed by the river, and the multitude then submitted.
15
舉進士，當試殿庭而報母亡，友匿其書。 池心動，夜不能寐，曰：「吾母素多疾，家豈無有異乎？」 行至宮城門，徘徊不能入，因語其友，而友止以母疾告，遂號慟而歸。 後中第，授永寧主簿。 出入乘驢。 與令相惡，池以公事謁令，令南向踞坐不起，池挽令西向偶坐論事，不為少屈。 歷建德、郫縣尉。 蜀人妄言戍兵叛，蠻將入寇，富人爭瘞金銀逃山谷間，令閭邱夢松假他事上府，主簿稱疾不出，池攝縣事，會上元張燈，乃縱民遊觀，凡三夕，民心遂安。
He passed the jinshi examination and was about to test in the palace hall when word came that his mother had died. A friend concealed the letter. Chi's heart was troubled. At night he could not sleep and said: "My mother has always had many illnesses. Could something not be amiss at home?" Reaching the palace gate he lingered and could not enter. He told his friend, who only said his mother was ill. He then wailed and returned home. Later he passed at the top and was appointed chief clerk of Yongning. Going out and in he rode a donkey. He was on bad terms with the magistrate. When Chi called on official business, the magistrate sat facing south with legs sprawled and did not rise. Chi pulled him to sit facing west in paired seats to discuss affairs and would not yield in the least. He served as magistrate of Jiande and Pi counties. The people of Shu falsely reported that frontier troops had rebelled and barbarian generals would invade. The rich buried gold and silver and fled to the mountains. Magistrate Qiu Mengsong went up to the prefecture on a pretext, and the chief clerk feigned illness and did not appear. Chi took charge of the county. It happened to be the Lantern Festival, and he set out lamps for the people to enjoy for three evenings, and popular hearts were then settled.
16
調鄭州防禦判官、知光山縣。 禁中營造，詔諸州調竹木，州符期三日畢輸。 池以土不產大竹，轉市蘄、黃，非三日可致，乃更與民自為期，約過不輸者罪之，既而輸竹先諸縣。
He was transferred to defense recorder of Zheng Prefecture and prefect of Guangshan County. Construction within the forbidden precinct was ordered, and all prefectures were to supply bamboo and timber. The prefectural order required delivery within three days. Chi said the soil did not produce large bamboo and he had to buy in Qi and Huang, which could not be obtained in three days. He then set a new term with the people themselves, stipulating punishment for late delivery. Afterward bamboo was delivered ahead of all other counties.
17
盛度薦於朝，改秘書省著作佐郎、監安豐酒稅，徙知小溪縣。 劉燁知河南府，辟知司錄參軍事，歲餘，通判留守司。 樞密使曹利用奏為群牧判官，辭不就，朝廷固授之。 利用嘗委括大臣所負進馬價，池曰：「令之不行，由上犯之。 公所負尚多，不先輸，何以趣他人。」 利用驚曰：「吏紿我已輸矣。」 亟命送官，數日而諸負者皆入。 利用貶，其黨畏罪，從而毀短者甚眾，池獨揚言於朝，稱利用枉，朝廷卒不問。
Sheng Du recommended him at court. He was made assistant compiler in the Secretariat and supervisor of the Anfeng wine tax, then transferred to prefect of Xiaoxi County. Liu Ye governed Henan Prefecture and recruited him as registrar. After more than a year he served as vice commissioner of the military commissioner's headquarters. Privy Councilor Cao Liyong memorialized him as administrator of the pasturage offices. He declined and did not take the post, yet the court firmly appointed him. Liyong once commissioned him to collect the prices of tribute horses owed by great ministers. Chi said: "When orders are not carried out, it is because those above violate them. You yourself still owe much. If you do not pay first, how can you urge others?" Liyong said in alarm: "The clerks deceived me—I have already paid." He immediately ordered delivery to the office, and within days all who owed had paid in. When Liyong was demoted, his faction feared guilt and many slandered Chi, but Chi alone proclaimed at court that Liyong had been wronged, and the court in the end did not inquire.
18
會詔百官轉對，池言：「唐制，門下省，詔書之出，有不便者得以封還。 今門下雖有封駁之名，而詔書一切自中書以下，非所以防過舉也。」 內侍皇甫繼明給事章獻太后閣，兼領估馬司，自言估馬有羨利，乞遷官，事下群牧司，閱無羨利，繼明方用事，自制置使以下皆欲附會為奏，池獨不可。 除開封府推官，敕至閣門，為繼明黨所沮，罷知耀州。 擢利州路轉運使、知鳳翔府。
When an edict ordered all officials to present rotating memorials, Chi said: "Under Tang institutions the Secretariat could seal and return edicts that were inconvenient when they issued. Today the Secretariat has the name of sealing and remonstrance, yet all edicts come down only from the Secretariat. This is not how to guard against improper measures." The inner attendant Huangfu Jiming served in Empress Dowager Zhangxian's pavilion and also headed the horse-valuation office. He said valuing horses yielded surplus profit and begged transfer of office. The pasturage office found no surplus. Jiming was then in power, and from the commissioner down all wished to concur, but Chi alone would not. He was appointed recorder of the Kaifeng prefectural office. When the order reached the Gate of Radiant Virtue, Jiming's faction obstructed it, and he was dismissed to prefect of Yao Prefecture. He was promoted to transport commissioner on the Lizhou circuit and prefect of Fengxiang.
19
召知諫院，上表懇辭。 仁宗謂宰相曰：「人皆嗜進，而池獨嗜退，亦難能也。」 加直史館，復知鳳翔。 有疑獄上讞，大理輒復下，掾屬惶遽引咎，池曰：「長吏者，政事所繇，非諸君過。」 乃獨承其罪，有詔勿劾。 岐陽鎮巡檢夜飲富民家，所部卒執之，俾為約，不敢復督士卒，而後釋其縛； 池捕首惡誅之，巡檢亦坐廢。
He was summoned to know the Remonstrance Bureau and submitted a table earnestly declining. Emperor Renzong told the chief ministers: "All men crave advancement, yet Chi alone craves withdrawal. This too is hard to achieve." He was given direct appointment in the Historiography Office and again made prefect of Fengxiang. A doubtful criminal case was sent up for review. The Court of Judicial Review repeatedly sent it back. Staff members were fearful and took blame. Chi said: "The chief official is where government proceeds. It is not your fault." He alone bore the guilt. An edict ordered that he not be impeached. The Qiyang garrison inspector drank at night in a rich man's house. Soldiers under him seized him and made him swear not again to discipline the troops, then released his bonds. Chi arrested the chief culprit and executed him. The inspector too was dismissed from office.
20
累遷尚書兵部員外郎，遂兼侍御史知雜事。 嘗言：「陝西用兵無宿將，劉平好自用而少智謀，必誤大事。」 後平果敗。 更戶部度支、鹽鐵副使。 歲滿，中書進名，帝曰：「是固辭諫官者。」 擢天章閣待制、知河中府，徙同州，又徙杭州。
He was repeatedly advanced to vice director in the Ministry of War and then also attendant censor with executive duties. He once said: "Shaanxi campaigns have no veteran generals. Liu Ping is fond of acting on his own and lacks strategy. He will surely ruin a great affair." Later Ping was indeed defeated. He was transferred to vice commissioner of revenue, salt, and iron in the Ministry of Revenue. When his term ended the Secretariat submitted his name. The emperor said: "This is the one who firmly declined the remonstrance post." He was promoted to academician of the Hall of Heavenly Writings and prefect of Hezhong, transferred to Tong Prefecture, and again to Hang Prefecture.
21
池性質易，不飾廚傳，剸劇非所長，又不知吳俗，以是謗譏聞朝廷。 轉運使江鈞、張從革劾池決事不當十餘條，及稽留德音，降知虢州。 初，轉運使既奏池，會吏有盜官銀器，械州獄，自陳為鈞掌私廚，出所賣過半； 又越州通判載私物盜稅，乃從革之姻，遣人私請，或謂池可舉劾以報仇，池曰：「吾不為也。」 人稱其長者。 徙知晉州，卒。
Chi's nature was plain and easy. He did not adorn his kitchen and post-road hospitality. Cutting through urgent affairs was not his strength, and he did not know Wu customs. Thus slander reached the court. Transport commissioners Jiang Jun and Zhang Congge impeached Chi for more than ten improper decisions and for delaying the grace edict. He was demoted to prefect of Guo Prefecture. Earlier the transport commissioner had already memorialized against Chi. Then a clerk stole official silver vessels, was shackled in the prefectural prison, and confessed that he managed Jun's private kitchen and produced more than half of what he had sold. Also the Yue Prefecture vice commissioner carried private goods and evaded tax. He was Congge's in-law and sent men to plead privately. Some said Chi could impeach to repay the grudge. Chi said: "I will not do it." People praised him as a man of mature virtue. He was transferred to prefect of Jin Prefecture and died.
22
子：旦、光。 光自有傳。 從子：里。
Sons: Dan and Guang. Guang has his own biography. Nephew: Li.
23
子旦
Son Dan
24
旦，字伯康。 清直敏強，雖小事必審思，度不中不釋。 以父任，為秘書省校書郎，歷鄭縣主簿。 鄭有婦藺訟奪人田者，家多金錢，市黨買吏，合為奸謾，十年不決。 旦取案一閱，情偽立見，黜吏十數輩，冤者以直。 又井元慶豪欺鄉里，莫敢誰何，旦擒致於法。 時旦年尚少，上下易之，自是驚服。 吏捕蝗，因緣搔民。 旦言：「蝗，民之仇，宜聽自捕，輸之官。」 後著為令。 丁內外艱，服除，監饒州永平鑄錢監。 知祁縣，天大旱，人乏食，群盜剽敚，富家巨室至以兵自備。 旦召富者開以禍福，於是爭出粟，減直以糶，猶不失其贏，饑者獲濟，盜患亦弭。
Dan, whose courtesy name was Bokang. Pure, upright, keen, and forceful—though the matter was small he always examined it carefully and would not release it if he judged it would not succeed. By his father's appointment he was collator in the Secretariat and served as chief clerk of Zheng County. In Zheng a woman named Lan sued one who had seized her fields. The household had much gold and money and bought off clerks through market gangs, combining in deceit for ten years without decision. Dan took the case file and read it once. Truth and falsehood immediately appeared. He dismissed more than ten clerks, and the wronged obtained justice. Also Jing Yuanqing bullied the village and none dared challenge him. Dan seized him and brought him to law. At the time Dan was still young. Superiors and subordinates took him lightly, but from then on they were startled into submission. Clerks caught locusts and on the pretext harassed the people. Dan said: "Locusts are the people's enemy. They should be allowed to catch them themselves and deliver them to the office." Later this was written as an ordinance. When inner and outer mourning ended and service was complete, he supervised the Yongping mint in Raozhou. As prefect of Qi County, heaven greatly droughted and people lacked food. Bandits plundered, and great families even armed themselves with troops. Dan summoned the rich and opened their eyes to fortune and disaster. They then vied to bring out grain and reduced price to sell relief, still without losing profit. The hungry were aided, and the bandit trouble also ceased.
25
舉監在京百萬倉，時祁隸太原，以太原留，不召。 通判乾州，未行，舉監在京雜物庫。 知宜興縣，其民囂訟，旦每獄必窮根株，痛繩之，校繫縣門，民稍以詆冒為恥。 市貫大溪，賈昌朝所作長橋，壞廢歲久，旦勸民葺復，不勞而成。
He was recommended to supervise the Million-Granary in the capital. At the time Qi was subordinate to Taiyuan, and because Taiyuan retained him he was not summoned. He was made vice prefect of Qian Prefecture. Before he went out he was recommended to supervise the Miscellaneous Stores in the capital. As prefect of Yixing County the people were clamorous in litigation. Dan in every case always traced to the root and punished severely, shackling offenders at the county gate, and the people gradually took slander as shame. The market crossed Great Creek. The long bridge made by Jia Changchao had been ruined for years. Dan urged the people to repair it, and it was completed without forced labor.
26
時王安石守常州，開運河，調夫諸縣。 旦言：「役大而亟，民有不勝，則其患非徒不可就而已。 請令諸縣歲遞一役，雖緩必成。」 安石不聽。 秋，大霖雨，民苦之，多自經死，役竟罷。 歷知梁山軍、安州。 旦治郡有大體，所施設，取於適理便事。 再監鳳翔太平宮，以熙寧八年致仕。 歷官十七，遷至太中大夫。 元祐二年，卒，年八十二。
At the time Wang Anshi governed Chang Prefecture and opened the transport canal, drafting labor from all counties. Dan said: "The corvée is large and urgent. If the people cannot bear it, the harm is not merely that the work cannot be completed. I ask that each county take turns one year in the corvée. Though slow, it will surely be finished." Anshi did not listen. In autumn great rains fell and the people suffered. Many hanged themselves, and the corvée in the end was abandoned. He served as prefect of Liangshan Commandery and An Prefecture. Dan governed prefectures with broad principles. What he established he took from what suited reason and convenience. He again supervised the Taiping Palace in Fengxiang and retired in the eighth year of Xining. In office seventeen times he rose to Grandee of Palace Attendance. In the second year of Yuanyou he died at age eighty-two.
27
旦澹薄無欲，奉養苟完，人不見其貴。 與弟光尤友愛終始，人無間言。 光居洛，旦居夏縣，皆有園沼勝概。 光歲一往省旦，旦亦間至洛視光。 凡光平時所與論天下事，旦有助焉。 及光被門下侍郎召，固辭不拜。 旦引大義語之曰：「生平誦堯、舜之道，思致其君，今時可而違，非進退之正也。」 光幡然就位。 方是時，天下懼光之終不出，及聞此，皆欣然稱旦曰：「長者之言也。」
Dan was indifferent and without desire. He maintained support barely sufficient, and people did not see him as noble. With his younger brother Guang he was especially friendly from first to last, and no one spoke ill of it. Guang lived in Luoyang and Dan in Xia County. Both had garden pools of surpassing beauty. Guang each year once went to visit Dan, and Dan also occasionally came to Luoyang to see Guang. Whatever Guang in ordinary times discussed about affairs under Heaven, Dan had a part in it. When Guang was summoned as vice director of the Gate, he firmly declined and did not accept. Dan cited great principle and said to him: "All your life you recited the way of Yao and Shun and thought to reach your lord. Now when the time is right you turn away—this is not the correctness of advance and withdrawal." Guang suddenly took his post. At that time all under Heaven feared Guang would in the end not come forth. When they heard this they all gladly praised Dan, saying: "The words of an elder."
28
從子里
Nephew Li
29
里，字昭遠。 進士釋褐，授威勝軍判官，改大理寺丞。 龐籍為鄜延經略使，奏通判鄜州。 州將武人，不法，里平居與之歡甚，臨事正色力爭，不少假借。 性廉靜質直，所至有惠政。 每罷官，至京師，未嘗有所謁視。 審官榜久闕，人所不取者，乃受之而去。 後知乾州，為太常少卿而卒。
Li, whose courtesy name was Zhaoyuan. Passing the jinshi examination he was appointed recorder of the Weisheng army and transferred to vice director in the Court of Judicial Review. Pang Ji was military commissioner of Fuyan and memorialized him as vice prefect of Fu Prefecture. The prefectural general was a military man and lawless. Li in ordinary times was very friendly with him, but in affairs he sternly contended and would not yield in the least. His nature was pure, tranquil, and upright. Wherever he went he had benevolent government. Each time he left office and reached the capital he never paid court visits. When the examination roster for reviewing officials was long vacant, he took what others would not and left. Later he was prefect of Qian Prefecture and died as vice director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices.
30
旦孫朴
Dan's grandson Pu
31
朴，字文季，少育於外祖范純仁。 紹聖黨事起，父宏上書論辨得罪。 純仁責永州，疾失明，客至，必令朴導以見。 時方七歲，進揖應對如成人，客皆驚歎。 以純仁遺恩為官。 宏死，徒跣負柩還。 調晉寧軍士曹參軍。 通判不法，轉運使王似諷朴伺其過，朴不可，曰：「下吏而陷長官，不唯亂常，人且不食吾餘矣，死不敢奉教。」 似賢而薦之。
Pu, whose courtesy name was Wenji, was reared young by his maternal grandfather Fan Chunren. When the Shaosheng faction affair arose, his father Hong submitted a memorial arguing and was punished. Chunren was banished to Yong Prefecture, fell ill and went blind. When guests came he always had Pu lead them in to see him. At the time he was only seven. Advancing, bowing, and replying like an adult, guests all marveled. By Chunren's residual grace he received office. When Hong died, Pu went barefoot and bore the coffin back. He was transferred to military clerk of Jinning Commandery. The vice prefect was lawless. Transport Commissioner Wang Si hinted that Pu watch for his faults. Pu would not, saying: "To lower an official and trap a chief is not only to disorder constants. Men would not eat my leftovers. I dare not die obeying such teaching." Si regarded him as worthy and recommended him.
32
靖康初，入為虞部、右司員外郎。 金人次汴郊，命朴使之。 二酋問朴家世，具以告，喜曰：「賢者之後也。」 待之加禮，乃吐腹心，諭以亟求講解。 朴復命，任事者疑不決。 都城陷，欽宗思朴之言，以為兵部侍郎。 二帝將北遷，又貽書請存立趙氏，金人憚之，挾以北去，且悉取其孥。 開封儀曹趙鼎，為匿其長子倬於蜀，故得免。
At the beginning of Jingkang he entered office as vice director in the Ministry of Works and the Right Office. When the Jin men reached the Bian suburbs the court ordered Pu to go as envoy. The two chieftains asked Pu's family background. He told them fully. They said with pleasure: "The descendant of worthy men." They treated him with added courtesy and then spoke their inmost hearts, instructing him to urge peace talks quickly. Pu returned to report. Those in charge doubted and did not decide. When the capital fell Emperor Qinzong thought of Pu's words and made him vice director in the Ministry of War. When the two emperors were about to move north he again sent a letter asking that the Zhao house be preserved. The Jin men feared this, took him north, and seized all his household. Kaifeng ritual official Zhao Ding hid his eldest son Zhuo in Shu, and thus he escaped.
33
建炎登極，赦至燕，朴私令齎詣徽宗，為人所告，金主憐其忠，釋之。 徽宗崩，朴與奉使朱弁在燕共議制服，弁欲先請，朴曰：「為臣子聞君父喪，當致其哀，尚何請？ 設請而不許，奈何？」 遂服斬衰，朝夕哭，金人亦義而不問。 又遣朱松年間行，以金人情實歸報。 宋因王倫出使，持黃金賜朴。 倫還，言金命朴為行臺左丞，朴辭而止，益重之。 後卒於真定。 訃聞，詔稱其忠節顯著，贈兵部尚書，諡曰「忠潔」。
When the Jianyan enthronement amnesty reached Yan, Pu secretly had it delivered to Emperor Huizong. Someone reported this. The Jin ruler pitied his loyalty and released him. When Emperor Huizong died Pu and envoy Zhu Bian in Yan together discussed mourning garments. Bian wished to ask first. Pu said: "As minister and son, hearing the lord and father's death, one should express grief. Why still ask? If one asks and is not permitted, what then?" He then wore the hemmed sackcloth of the deepest mourning and wept morning and evening. The Jin men also regarded it as righteous and did not inquire. He also sent Zhu Songnian on a secret mission to return and report the Jin people's true situation. Song because Wang Lun went as envoy held gold to bestow on Pu. When Lun returned he said the Jin ordered Pu as left assistant of the mobile court. Pu declined and stopped, and they esteemed him the more. Later he died at Zhending. When obituary arrived an edict praised his loyal integrity as conspicuous, posthumously made him minister of war, and gave the posthumous title "Loyal and Pure."
34
李及，字幼幾，其先范陽人，後徙鄭州。 父覃，左拾遺。 及舉進士，再調昇州觀察推官。 寇準薦其才，擢大理寺丞、知興化軍。 以殿中丞通判曹州。 州民趙諫者，素無賴，持郡短長，縱為奸利。 及受命，諫在京師，乃謁及，及不之見，慢罵而去，投匿名書誣及，因以毀朝政。 會上封者發諫事，命轉運使與及察其狀。 及條上諫前後所為不道，詔御史劾得其實，斬於都市，及由是知名。 擢知隴州。
Li Ji, whose courtesy name was Youji, was originally from Fanyang and later moved to Zheng Prefecture. His father Tan was left remonstrator. Ji passed the jinshi examination and was twice transferred as recorder of the Sheng Prefecture observation command. Kou Zhun recommended his talent. He was promoted to vice director in the Court of Judicial Review and prefect of Xinghua Commandery. As palace attendant he was vice prefect of Cao Prefecture. A man of the prefecture, Zhao Jian, was by nature a good-for-nothing. He held the prefecture's faults and lengths and at will committed wicked profit. When Ji received appointment Jian was in the capital and went to call on Ji. Ji did not see him. Jian left with slow abuse, submitted an anonymous letter slandering Ji, and thereby slandered court government. It happened that someone who sealed a memorial exposed Jian's affair. The court ordered the transport commissioner to investigate with Ji. Ji itemized Jian's former and later unlawful conduct. An edict ordered the censorate to impeach and obtain the facts. He was beheaded in the market, and Ji thereby became known. He was promoted to prefect of Long Prefecture.
35
初，置提點刑獄，內出及與陳綱二人名付中書。 明日，以綱使河北，及使陝西，特遷一官。 還判三司磨勘司，出知鳳翔府，徙延州，除三司戶部副使，為淮南轉運使，累遷太常少卿、知秦州。 議者以及謹厚，非守邊才。 及至秦州，州將吏亦頗易之。 會有禁卒白晝攫婦人金釵於市，束執以來。 及方坐觀書，召之使前，略加詰問，其人服罪。 及亟命斬之，觀書如故，於是將士皆驚服。 改左司郎中、樞密直學士，以右諫議大夫召還，勾當三班院，再遷尚書工部侍郎，歷知杭州、鄆州、應天、河南府，召拜御史中丞。 卒，年七十。 特贈禮部尚書，諡「恭惠」。
At first when intendant of judicial affairs was established, the inner court issued the names of Ji and Chen Gang to the Secretariat. The next day Gang was sent to Hebei and Ji to Shaanxi, each specially advanced one rank. He returned to preside over the Three Departments' examination office, went out as prefect of Fengxiang, was transferred to Yan Prefecture, was made vice commissioner of revenue in the Three Departments, was Huainan transport commissioner, and was repeatedly advanced to vice director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and prefect of Qin Prefecture. Deliberators held that Ji was prudent and thick and not talent for guarding the frontier. When Ji reached Qin Prefecture the prefectural generals and clerks also took him lightly. It happened that forbidden soldiers in broad daylight seized a woman's gold hairpin in the market and were bound and brought in. Ji was just sitting reading. He summoned them forward, briefly questioned them, and the men confessed. Ji immediately ordered execution. He read as before, and from then on generals and soldiers were all startled into submission. He was made left bureau director and Privy Council academician, was summoned back as right remonstrator, handled affairs of the Three-Rank Court, was again advanced to vice director in the Ministry of Works, and successively governed Hang, Yan, Yingtian, and Henan prefectures and was summoned as censor-in-chief. He died at age seventy. He was specially granted minister of rites posthumously with the posthumous title "Respectful and Kind."
36
及資質清介，所治簡嚴，喜慰薦下吏，而樂道人之善。 在杭州，惡其風俗輕靡，不事宴遊。 一日，冒雪出郊，眾謂當置酒召客，乃獨造林逋清談，至暮而歸。 居官數年，未嘗市吳中物。 比去，唯市《白樂天集》。 在河南，杜衍為提點刑獄，間與衍會，而具甚疏薄。 他日，中貴人用事者至，亦無加品，衍歎其清德。 娶張氏，性嫉悍。 及嘗生子，鞠之外舍，張固請歸保養之，乃會親屬，以子擊堂柱，碎其首。 及遂無子，以弟之子為後。
Ji's substance was pure and upright. What he governed was simple and strict. He delighted in comforting and recommending lower officials and rejoiced in others' goodness. In Hang Prefecture he hated its frivolous customs and did not engage in banquets or excursions. One day he went out to the suburbs in snow. The multitude thought he would set out wine and summon guests, but he alone entered the forest to converse with Lin Bu and returned at dusk. In office several years he never bought Wu goods. When he left he only bought the Collected Works of Bai Juyi. In Henan, Du Yan was intendant of judicial affairs. They occasionally met, yet his provisions were very sparse. Another day when a powerful inner attendant came he likewise added no dishes. Yan sighed at his pure virtue. He married the Zhang clan. Her nature was jealous and fierce. When Ji once had a son he reared him in an outer lodge. Zhang firmly asked to return him for nurture. He then gathered kin, took the child and struck the hall pillar, smashing his head. Ji thus had no son and took his younger brother's son as heir.
37
燕肅，字穆之，青州益都人。 父峻，慷慨任俠，楊光遠反時，率其屬迎符彥卿，遂家曹州。 肅少孤貧，遊學。 舉進士，補鳳翔府觀察推官。 寇準知府事，薦改秘書省著作佐郎、知臨邛縣。 縣民嘗苦吏追擾，肅削木為牘，民訟有連逮者，書其姓名，使自召之，皆如期至。 知考城縣，通判河南府。 召為監察御史，準方知河南，奏留之。
Yan Su, whose courtesy name was Muzhi, came from Yidu in Qing Prefecture. His father Jun was bold and chivalrous. When Yang Guangyuan rebelled he led his followers to welcome Fu Yanqing and thus settled the family in Cao Prefecture. Su was orphaned young and poor and traveled to study. He passed the jinshi examination and was appointed recorder of the Fengxiang observation command. Kou Zhun governed the prefecture, recommended him, and changed him to assistant compiler in the Secretariat and prefect of Linqiong County. The people had long suffered clerks' pursuit and harassment. Su carved wooden tablets. When lawsuits had connected arrests he wrote their names and had them summon themselves—all arrived on the appointed day. He was prefect of Kaocheng County and vice prefect of Henan Prefecture. He was summoned as investigating censor. Zhun was then governing Henan and memorialized to retain him.
38
遷殿中侍御史、提點廣南西路刑獄，遷侍御史，徙廣南東路。 還，為丁謂所惡，出知越州。 徙明州，俗輕悍喜鬥，肅下令獨罪先毆者，於是鬥者為息。 直昭文館，為定王府記室參軍，判尚書刑部。 建言：「京師大辟一覆奏，而州郡之獄有疑及情可憫者上請，多為法司所駁，乃得不應奏之罪。 願如京師，死許覆奏。」 遂詔疑獄及情可憫者上請，語在《刑法志》。 其後大辟上請者多得貸，議自肅始。
He was transferred to palace censor and intendant of judicial affairs on the Guangnan West circuit, transferred to attendant censor, and moved to Guangnan East. On return he was hated by Ding Wei and sent out as prefect of Yue Prefecture. He was transferred to Ming Prefecture. The customs were light and fierce and fond of fighting. Su issued orders punishing only the first striker, and fighting then ceased. Given direct appointment in the Hall of Illustrious Culture, he was recorder of the Ding Prince's household and associate president of the Ministry of Justice. He proposed: "In the capital great executions have one review. In prefectures doubtful cases and those where feeling may be pitied are sent up, yet the law offices often reject them, and one then incurs the crime of not memorializing. I wish that like the capital death may be permitted review." An edict was then issued that doubtful cases and those where feeling may be pitied should be sent up. The language is in the Treatise on Punishment. Afterward most great executions sent up obtained commutation. The deliberation began with Su.
39
擢龍圖閣待制、權知審刑院、知梓州，還，同糾察在京刑獄，再判刑部，累遷左諫議大夫、知亳州，徙青州。 屬歲歉，命兼京東安撫使。 入判太常寺兼大理寺，復知審刑。 肅言：「舊太常鍾磬皆設色，每三歲親祠，則重飾之。 歲既久，所塗積厚，聲益不協。」 乃詔與李照、宋祁同按王樸律，即鏟滌考擊，合以律準，試於後苑，聲皆協。 又詔與章得象、馮元詳刻漏。 進龍圖閣直學士、知潁州，徙鄧州。 官至禮部侍郎致仕，卒。
He was promoted to academician of the Dragon Diagram Hall, acting president of the Court for Reviewing Punishments, and prefect of Zizhou. On return he jointly investigated capital punishments and again presided over the Ministry of Justice, was repeatedly advanced to left remonstrator and prefect of Bo Prefecture, and was transferred to Qing Prefecture. It happened to be a lean year. He was ordered also to pacify Jingdong. He entered to preside over the Court of Imperial Sacrifices while also the Court of Judicial Review and again knew reviewing punishments. Su said: "Formerly the bells and chimes of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices were all set with color. Every three years at the personal sacrifice they were heavily decorated again. Years had long passed and the coating piled thick. The sound grew more out of tune." An edict then ordered him with Li Zhao and Song Qi jointly to examine Wang Pu's pitch pipes. They scraped and cleansed and struck them, combined them to the pitch standard, tested them in the rear garden, and all sounds were in tune. He was again ordered with Zhang Dexiang and Feng Yuan to examine the clepsydra in detail. He was advanced to direct academician of the Dragon Diagram Hall and prefect of Ying Prefecture, then transferred to Deng Prefecture. His office reached vice director of rites and he retired; he died.
40
肅喜為詩，其多至數千篇。 性精巧，能畫，入妙品，圖山水罨布濃淡，意象微遠，尤善為古木折竹。 嘗造指南、記里鼓二車及欹器以獻，又上《蓮花漏法》。 詔司天臺考於鍾鼓樓下，云不與《崇天曆》合。 然肅所至，皆刻石以記其法，州郡用之以候昏曉，世推其精密。 在明州，為《海潮圖》，著《海潮論》二篇。 子：度，孫：瑛。
Su delighted in poetry; his works reached several thousand pieces. His nature was ingenious and fine. He could paint, entering the subtle grade. His landscape in thick and thin ink wash had meaning faint and far, and he was especially skilled at ancient trees and broken bamboo. He once made south-pointing and li-drum chariots and a tipping vessel to present, and also submitted the "Lotus Clepsydra Method." An edict ordered the Directorate of Astronomy to test it below the bell and drum tower. They said it did not accord with the Chongtian calendar. Yet wherever Su went he carved stone to record his method. Prefectures used it to mark dusk and dawn, and the age praised its precision. In Ming Prefecture he made the "Sea Tide Chart" and wrote two chapters of the "Discourse on Sea Tides." Sons: Du; grandson: Ying.
41
子度
Son Du
42
度，字唐卿。 登進士第，知陳留縣。 京東蝗，年饑盜發，度勸邑豪出粟六萬以濟民，又行保伍法以察盜，善狀日聞。 通判永興軍，三司使王堯臣舉為戶部判官，以伐閱淺，始命權發遣，遂為故事。
Du, whose courtesy name was Tangqing. He passed the jinshi examination and was prefect of Chenliu County. Locusts struck the Jingdong circuit. In a famine year bandits arose. Du urged the district magnates to bring out sixty thousand bushels of grain to aid the people, and also applied the mutual-security method to detect bandits. Good reports daily arrived. As vice commissioner of Yongxing Commandery, Three Departments commissioner Wang Yaochen recommended him as revenue-section administrator. Because his seniority in office was shallow he was at first only ordered to act with dispatch, and this became precedent.
43
出知滑。 滑與黎陽對境，河埽下臨魏都，霖潦暴至，薪芻不屬。 度曰：「魏實為河朔根本，不可坐視成敗。」 悉以所儲茭楗禦之，埽賴以不潰。 復為戶部判官。 歲皇祐甲午，益州言：「歲在甲午，蜀再亂，今又值之，民為戚戚。」 乃命度出使備不虞，還奏無足慮。 權河北轉運副使，六塔河決，坐貶秩知蔡州，徙福州。 閩故多盜，度請假事權制攝一道，遂加兵馬鈐轄。 入為戶部副使，以右諫議大夫知潭州。 卒，年七十。
He went out as prefect of Hua. Hua faced Liyang across the border. The river embankment overlooked Wei capital. Sudden floods arrived and fuel and fodder could not be connected. Du said: "Wei is truly the root of Hebei. One cannot sit and watch success or failure." He used all stored rushes and piles to resist, and the embankment relied on this not to break. He again served as revenue-section administrator. In the year Huangyou jiawu Yizhou said: "The year is jiawu. Shu twice rebelled. Now it comes again and the people are fearful." The court then ordered Du to go out on mission to prepare against the unforeseen. He returned and memorialized that there was nothing worth worry. Acting Hebei transport vice commissioner; the Liuta River broke. He was demoted in rank and made prefect of Cai Prefecture, then transferred to Fu Prefecture. Min had long had many bandits. Du requested temporary authority to control one circuit and was then given military command as well. He entered as vice commissioner of the Ministry of Revenue and as right remonstrator was prefect of Tan Prefecture. He died at age seventy.
44
度有心計，凡六佐大農。 慶歷中，三司請榷河北鹽，度言：「川峽不榷酒，河北不禁鹽，此祖宗順民俗，不易之制也，榷之非是。」 會張方平亦論之，議遂寢。
Du had a calculating mind. In all he six times assisted the great agriculturist. In the Qingli era the Three Departments asked to monopolize Hebei salt. Du said: "Sichuan gorges do not monopolize wine. Hebei does not forbid salt. This is the ancestors' compliance with popular custom, an institution not to be changed. To monopolize is wrong." It happened that Zhang Fangping also argued it. The deliberation then ceased.
45
孫瑛
Grandson Ying
46
瑛，字仁叔，以蔭為瑕丘尉。 縣人習為盜，瑛榜諭曰：「今平民或呼以盜，必怒見詞色，顧乃舍耕稼本業，為人所不肯為者。 及陷於罪，則終身不齒於鄉閭，尉不忍以是待汝。」 盜感悟，為稍弭。 累遷太府丞、開封少尹。 歷廣東轉運判官，進副使，加進秘閣。 時方尚老氏教，瑛言：「守臣任滿考課，乞以興崇教法、拯葺道宮為善最。」 從之。 連進直龍圖閣。
Ying, whose courtesy name was Renshu, by privilege was magistrate of Xiaqiu. The county people were accustomed to being bandits. Ying posted a proclamation saying: "Today if commoners are called bandits they surely grow angry and show angry color on their faces—yet they abandon farming and their proper livelihood to do what others will not do. When trapped in crime they are then for life not ranked in village and hamlet. The magistrate cannot bear to treat you thus." The bandits were moved and reflected; the trouble slightly ceased. He was repeatedly advanced to vice director in the Court of the Imperial Treasury and junior vice prefect of Kaifeng. He served as Guangdong transport vice commissioner, advanced to vice commissioner, and was given advancement in the Secret Hall. At the time they favored Laozi. Ying said: "When guarding ministers finish their term and are examined, I beg that promoting the teaching, saving and repairing Daoist temples be taken as the highest good." This was followed. He was continuously advanced to direct academician of the Dragon Diagram Hall.
47
時瑛在嶺嶠七年，括南海犀珠、香藥，奉宰相、內侍，人目之為「香燕」。 遂以徽猷閣待制、提舉醴泉觀，拜戶部侍郎。 徽宗賜書「仁人義士之家」以表之，蓋取王安石頌其曾大父肅詩語也。 轉開封尹，賜進士出身，兼侍讀，且將大用。 後以御史言瑛不能撥煩戢奸吏，致賊殺不辜，罷為龍圖閣直學士。 未數月，為戶部尚書。
At the time Ying had been in the Lingnan ranges seven years, gathering South Sea rhinoceros horn, pearls, and aromatics to present to chief ministers and inner attendants. People called him "Fragrant Yan." He was then made academician of the Hall of Illustrious Instruction, commissioner of the Liquor Spring Abbey, and vice director in the Ministry of Revenue. Emperor Huizong bestowed the writing "House of Benevolent Men and Righteous Scholars" to display it—this took the words of Wang Anshi's encomium for his great-grandfather Su. He was transferred to prefect of Kaifeng, granted jinshi status, and also made lecturer-in-waiting, and was about to be greatly employed. Later because the censorate said Ying could not cut through troubles and restrain wicked clerks, causing bandits to kill the innocent, he was dismissed to direct academician of the Dragon Diagram Hall. Within not many months he was minister of revenue.
48
靖康初，以龍圖閣學士知河陽。 金兵入寇，三城當兵衝，瑛至，未及備，而兵騎大集，乘銳攻城，瑛不能禦，將出奔，為亂兵所害，年五十。 建炎初，賜端明殿學士。
At the beginning of Jingkang he was Hanlin academician of the Dragon Diagram Hall and prefect of Heyang. When Jin troops invaded, the three cities were on the military route. Ying arrived and had not yet prepared when cavalry gathered in great numbers, took advantage of sharpness to attack the city. Ying could not defend. He was about to flee out when chaotic troops killed him at age fifty. At the beginning of Jianyan he was granted academician of the Duanming Hall.
49
蔣堂，字希魯，常州宜興人。 擢進士第，為楚州團練推官。 滿歲，吏部引對，真宗覽所試判，善之，特授大理寺丞、知臨川縣。 縣富人李甲多為不法，前令莫能制，堂戒諭不悛，白州以兵索其家，得僭乘輿物，置於死。
Jiang Tang, whose courtesy name was Xilu, came from Yixing in Chang Prefecture. He passed the jinshi examination and was recorder of the Chuzhou Tuanlian command. When his term ended the Ministry of Personnel presented him for audience. Emperor Zhenzong read his examination judgment, approved it, and specially appointed him vice director in the Court of Judicial Review and prefect of Linchuan County. The rich man Li Jia did much that was unlawful. Former magistrates could not control him. Tang admonished him but he did not repent. He reported to the prefecture to take troops and search his house, obtained regalia of the imperial carriage, and put him to death.
50
歷通判眉、許、吉、楚州，以太常博士知泗州，召為監察御史。 禁中火，有司請究所起，多引宮人屬吏。 堂言：「火起無跡，安知非天意也，陛下宜修德應變。 有司乃欲歸咎宮人，以之屬吏，何求不可，而遂賜之死，是重天譴也。」 詔原之。 論奏郭皇后不當廢，坐贖。 再遷侍御史、判三司度支勾院，出為江南東路轉運使，徙淮南，兼江、淮發運事。
He successively served as vice prefect of Mei, Xu, Ji, and Chu prefectures, was erudite of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and prefect of Si Prefecture, and was summoned as investigating censor. A fire in the forbidden precinct. The responsible office asked to investigate its origin and largely implicated palace women and subordinate clerks. Tang said: "The fire rose without trace. How know it is not Heaven's intent? Your Majesty should cultivate virtue to respond to change. The responsible office then wished to blame palace women and attribute it to subordinate clerks—what could not be sought? Yet then bestow death—this is to double Heaven's reproof." An edict pardoned them. He memorialized that Empress Guo should not be deposed and was fined. He was again transferred to attendant censor and president of the Three Departments' revenue-section examination office, went out as transport commissioner on the Jiangnan East circuit, was transferred to Huainan, and also handled Jiang-Huai dispatch affairs.
51
時廢發運使，上封者屢以為非便。 堂言：「唐裴耀卿、劉晏、第五琦、李巽、裴休，皆嘗為江淮、河南轉運使，不聞別置使名。 國朝卞袞、王嗣宗、劉師道，亦止為轉運兼領發運司事，而歲輸京師常足。」 時雖用其議，後卒復。 在江、淮，歲薦部吏二百人，或謂曰：「一有謬舉，且得罪，何以多為？」 堂曰：「十得二三，亦足報國。」 坐失按蘄州王蒙正故入部吏死罪，降知越州。 州之鑒湖，馬臻所為，溉田八千頃，食利者萬家，前守建言聽民自占，多為豪右所侵，堂奏復之。
At the time the dispatch commissioner was abolished. Those who sealed memorials repeatedly said it was inconvenient. Tang said: "Tang's Pei Yaoji, Liu Yan, Diwu Qi, Li Xun, and Pei Xiu all once were Jiang-Huai and Henan transport commissioners. One does not hear of separately establishing a commissioner name. In our dynasty Bian Gun, Wang Sizong, and Liu Shidao also only as transport commissioners concurrently handled dispatch affairs, and yearly delivery to the capital was always sufficient." At the time though his argument was used, later it was in the end restored. On the Jiang-Huai circuit he yearly recommended more than two hundred clerks of the ministry. Someone said to him: "One mistaken recommendation and you will be guilty. Why so many?" Tang said: "Ten get two or three—that too is enough to repay the state." He was demoted to prefect of Yue Prefecture for failing to investigate the capital crime of Wang Mengzheng of Qi Prefecture. The Mirror Lake of the prefecture was made by Ma Zhen, irrigating eight thousand acres and benefiting ten thousand households. The former prefect proposed allowing the people to occupy it themselves, and mostly powerful families seized it. Tang memorialized to restore it.
52
徙蘇州，入判刑部，徙戶部勾院，歷戶部、度支、鹽鐵副使，安撫梓夔路，擢天章閣待制、江淮制置發運使。 先是，發運使上計，造大舟數十，載江、湖物入遺京師權貴，堂曰：「吾豈為此，歲入自可附驛奉也。」 前後五年，未嘗一至京師。 就除河東路都轉運使，未行，知洪州。 改應天府，累遷左司郎中、知杭州，以樞密直學士知益州。
He was transferred to Suzhou, entered to preside over the Ministry of Justice, was transferred to the Ministry of Revenue examination office, served as vice commissioner of revenue, salt, and iron, pacified the Zi-Kui circuit, and was promoted to academician of the Hall of Heavenly Writings and Jiang-Huai commissioner for establishing dispatch. Earlier when the dispatch commissioner reported accounts he built several great boats carrying Jiang-Lake goods to present to powerful men in the capital. Tang said: "How can I do this? Yearly receipts can be sent by post courier." For five years before and after he never once reached the capital. He was then made Hedong transport commissioner but had not gone out when he was made prefect of Hong Prefecture. He was changed to Yingtian Prefecture, was repeatedly advanced to left bureau director and prefect of Hang Prefecture, and as Privy Council academician was prefect of Yi Prefecture.
53
慶歷初，詔天下建學。 漢文翁石室在孔子廟中，堂因廣其舍為學宮，選屬官以教諸生，士人翕然稱之。 楊日嚴在蜀，有能名，堂素不樂之。 於是節遊宴，減廚傳，專尚寬縱，頗變日嚴之政。 又建銅壺閣，其制宏敞，而材不預具，功既半，乃伐喬木於蜀先主惠陵、江瀆祠，又毀后土及劉禪祠，蜀人浸不悅，獄訟滋多。 久之，或以為私官妓，徙河中府，又徙杭州、蘇州。 以尚書禮部侍郎致仕，卒，特贈吏部侍郎。
At the beginning of Qingli an edict ordered schools established throughout the empire. Han Wengong's stone chamber was in Confucius' temple. Tang therefore enlarged its quarters into a school palace, selected subordinate officials to teach the students, and scholars all praised it. Yang Riyan was in Shu with a reputation for ability. Tang had never been pleased with him. He therefore reduced tours and banquets, cut post-road hospitality, and specially valued leniency, greatly changing Riyan's government. He also built the Bronze Pot Pavilion, its structure grand and vast, yet materials were not prepared beforehand. When the work was half done he felled tall trees at the Former Lord's Huiling and the River God shrine, and also destroyed the Queen of Earth and Liu Shan temples. The people of Shu grew daily displeased and lawsuits increased. After a long while some said he privately kept courtesan-singers. He was transferred to Hezhong Prefecture, then again to Hang and Suzhou. As vice director of rites he retired. He died and was specially granted vice director in the Ministry of Personnel posthumously.
54
堂為人清修純飭，遇事毅然不屈，貧而樂施。 好學，工文辭，延譽晚進，至老不倦，尤嗜作詩，有《吳門集》二十卷。
Tang as a man was pure in cultivation and utterly restrained. In affairs he was resolute and would not bend. Poor yet he delighted in giving. He loved learning, was skilled in literary composition, extended fame to latecomers, and to old age was not weary. He especially delighted in composing poetry and had the Collected Works from Wu Gate in twenty chapters.
55
劉夔，字道元，建州崇安人。 進士中第，補廣德軍判官，累遷尚書屯田員外郎，權侍御史。 李照改製大樂鍾磬，夔以為：「樂之大本，與政化通，不當輕易其器。 願擇博學之士以補卿、丞，凡四方妄獻說以要進者，請一切罷之。」 帝善其言。
Liu Kui, whose courtesy name was Daoyuan, came from Chong'an in Jian Prefecture. He passed at the top of the jinshi examination, was appointed recorder of the Guangde Commandery, was repeatedly advanced to vice director in the Ministry of Public Works, and acting attendant censor. When Li Zhao reformed the great music bells and chimes, Kui held that "the great root of music communicates with government and transformation. One should not lightly change its instruments. I wish to select erudite scholars to supplement the director and vice director. All who from the four directions present reckless theories to seek advancement, please dismiss them all." The emperor approved his words.
56
歷三司戶部判官，判度支勾院，江西、兩浙、淮南轉運使，加直史館、知陝州，改太常少卿、知廣州。 所至有廉名。 權三司度支副使。 桂陽監蠻唐和寇邊，以右諫議大夫、龍圖閣直學士知潭州，兼湖南安撫使。 初至，遣人諭蠻酋使降； 不從，乃舉兵擊敗和於銀江源，進破其巢穴，蠻逃遁遠去。 前將以帛購蠻首，至是有持首取購者，按問，乃輒殺平民，誅之而罷購，州境獲安。 還，權判吏部流內銓、知審刑院。
He served as revenue-section administrator of the Three Departments, president of the revenue examination office, and transport commissioner on the Jiangxi, two Zhe, and Huainan circuits, was given direct appointment in the Historiography Office and made prefect of Shan Prefecture, and was changed to vice director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and prefect of Guang Prefecture. Wherever he went he had a reputation for integrity. Acting vice commissioner of revenue in the Three Departments. The Guiyang surveillance barbarian Tang He raided the frontier. As right remonstrator and direct academician of the Dragon Diagram Hall he was prefect of Tan Prefecture and also Hunan pacification commissioner. When he first arrived he sent men to instruct the barbarian chieftain to surrender. He did not obey. Kui then raised troops and defeated He at the Silver River source, advanced and broke his nest, and the barbarians fled far away. Former generals used silk to purchase barbarian heads. Then there were those who held heads to claim purchase. On investigation they had killed commoners at will. He executed them and ceased purchase, and the prefecture border obtained peace. On return he acting presided over the Ministry of Personnel's inner selection office and knew the Court for Reviewing Punishments.
57
河北大水，民流入京東為盜，詔增京東守備。 帝問誰可守鄆者，宰相以夔對，進給事中、樞密直學士以往。 至鄆，發廩振饑，民賴全活者甚眾，盜賊衰息，賜書褒諭。 大臣議欲修復河故道，夔極言其不可，遂罷。 遷工部侍郎、知福州。 請解官入武夷山為道士，弗許。 知建州，尋告老，遂以戶部侍郎致仕。 英宗即位，遷吏部。 卒，年八十三。
Hebei greatly flooded and people flowed into Jingdong as bandits. An edict increased Jingdong defenses. The emperor asked who could guard Yan. The chief ministers answered Kui. He was advanced to chief draftsman and Privy Council academician and sent. Reaching Yan he opened granaries to relieve famine. Very many people relying on this fully lived. Bandits declined and ceased. He was granted writing of praise. The great ministers deliberated wishing to restore the river's old course. Kui strongly said it could not be done and it was then abandoned. He was transferred to vice director in the Ministry of Works and prefect of Fu Prefecture. He asked to resign office and enter Mount Wuyi as a Daoist. This was not permitted. He was made prefect of Jian Prefecture. Soon he reported old age and thus retired as vice director in the Ministry of Revenue. When Emperor Yingzong took the throne he was transferred to the Ministry of Personnel. He died at age eighty-three.
58
夔嘗過江東，見二囚繫累年矣，問之，曰：「前此殺吉州掾徐咸，疑二人者。」 夔為言於朝，釋之，後果得真盜。 嘗遇隱者，得養生術，遂蔬食及獨居，退處一閣，家人罕見其面。 至老，手足耳目強明，如少壯時。 不治財產，所收私田有餘谷，則以振鄉里貧人。 前死數日，自作遺表，以祿賜所餘分親族。 告其家人曰：「某日，吾死矣。」 如期而死。 無子。
Kui once passed through Jiangdong and saw two prisoners bound for many years. He asked and was told: "Earlier they killed Xu Xian, clerk of Ji Prefecture. These two were suspected." Kui spoke to the court and released them. Later the true bandit was indeed obtained. He once met a recluse and obtained the art of nurturing life. He then ate vegetables and lived alone, retiring to one pavilion. His household rarely saw his face. To old age his hands, feet, ears, and eyes were strong and clear as in youth. He did not manage property. Surplus grain from private fields he collected was used to aid the poor of village and hamlet. Several days before death he himself made a final memorial, dividing salary and gifts remaining among kin. He told his household: "On such a day I shall die." On the appointed day he died. He had no son.
59
馬亮，字叔明，廬州合肥人。 舉進士，為大理評事、知蕪湖縣，再遷殿中丞、通判常州。 吏民有因緣亡失官錢，籍其貲猶不足以償，妻子連逮者至數百人。 亮縱去，緩與之期，不逾月，盡輸所負。 羅處約使江東，以亮治行聞，擢知濮州。
Ma Liang, whose courtesy name was Shuming, came from Hefei in Lu Prefecture. He passed the jinshi examination, was reviewer in the Court of Judicial Review and prefect of Wuhu County, and was again advanced to palace attendant and vice prefect of Chang Prefecture. Officials and people through connections had lost official money. Registering their assets still could not repay, and wives and children connected in arrest reached several hundred persons. Liang released them and gave them a relaxed term. Within not a month all owed amounts were paid in. Luo Chuyue was envoy to Jiangdong. Because Liang's administrative conduct was heard of, he was promoted to prefect of Pu Prefecture.
60
會諸路轉運司置糾察刑獄官，以福建路命亮，覆訊冤獄，全活者數十人。 遷太常博士、知福州。 蘇易簡薦亮才任繁劇，召還，同提點三司都勾院、磨勘憑由司。 久之，出知饒州。 州豪白氏多執吏短長，嘗殺人，以赦免，愈驁橫，為閭里患，亮發其奸，誅之，部中畏懾。 州有鑄錢監，匠多而銅錫不給，亮請分其工之半，別置監於池州，歲增鑄緡錢十萬。 遷殿中侍御史。
When all circuits' transport offices established investigating officials for judicial affairs, Fujian circuit ordered Liang. He reviewed wrongful cases and fully saved several tens of lives. He was advanced to erudite of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and prefect of Fu Prefecture. Su Yijian recommended Liang's talent for heavy affairs. He was summoned back and jointly intendant of the Three Departments' general examination office and credential office. After a long while he went out as prefect of Raozhou. The magnate Bai clan of the prefecture often held clerks' faults and lengths. They once killed a man and were pardoned by amnesty, grew more arrogant, and were a village calamity. Liang exposed their wickedness, executed them, and the department was in awe. The prefecture had a coin-casting surveillance. Craftsmen were many yet copper and tin were insufficient. Liang asked to divide half the workers and separately establish a surveillance at Chi Prefecture, yearly increasing cast strings by one hundred thousand. He was transferred to palace censor.
61
真宗即位，上書言：「陛下初政，軍賞宜速，而所在不時給，請遣使分督之。 又赦書蠲除州縣逋負，而有司趣責愈急，宜如赦推恩以寬民。 故事，以親王尹開封，地尊勢重，嫌隙易生，願鑒其繇，以示保全親愛之道。 契丹仍歲南侵，河朔蕭然，請修好以息邊民。」 帝善其言，以亮為可用。
When Emperor Zhenzong took the throne he submitted a memorial saying: "Your Majesty's first government—military rewards should be swift, yet where they are the timely payment is not made. I ask that envoys be sent to supervise separately. Also the amnesty edict remitted prefectural and county arrears, yet the responsible offices pressed collection the more urgently. It should follow the amnesty and extend grace to widen the people. By precedent when a prince of the blood governed Kaifeng the place was honored and power heavy and suspicion easily arose. I wish Your Majesty take warning from its cause to show the way of preserving kin and love. The Khitan year after year raided south. Hebei was desolate. I ask good relations to rest the frontier people." The emperor approved his words and took Liang as usable.
62
王均反，以為西川轉運副使。 賊平，主將邀功，誅殺不已，亮全活千餘人。 城中米斗千錢，亮出廩米裁其價，人賴以濟。 召問蜀事，會械送賊詿誤者八十九人至闕下，執政欲盡誅之。 亮曰：「愚民脅從，此特百之一二，餘竄伏山林者眾。 今不貸之，反側之人，聞風疑懼，一唱再起，是滅一均、生一均也。」 帝悟，悉宥之。 加直史館，復遣還部。
When Wang Jun rebelled he was made vice transport commissioner of West Sichuan. When the bandits were pacified the chief generals invited merit and executions did not cease. Liang fully saved more than a thousand lives. In the city rice was a thousand cash per dou. Liang released granary rice and cut the price. People relied on this to be aided. He was summoned and asked about Shu affairs. It happened that eighty-nine men implicated by mistake in the bandit affair were sent in bonds to the capital. Those in charge wished to execute them all. Liang said: "Foolish people were coerced to follow. These are only one or two in a hundred. The rest hide in mountain forests and are many. If now you do not pardon them, those who turn back will hear the wind, doubt, and fear, and one cry will rise again. This is to destroy one Jun and beget one Jun." The emperor understood and pardoned them all. He was given direct appointment in the Historiography Office and again sent back to the department.
63
時諸州鹽井，歲久泉涸，而官督所負課，繫捕者州數百人。 亮盡釋繫者，而奏廢其井，又除屬部舊逋官物二百餘萬。 還知潭州，屬縣有亡命卒剽攻，為鄉閭患，人共謀殺之。 事覺，法當死者四人，亮咸貸之，曰：「為民去害，而反坐以死罪，非法意也。」 徙昇州，行次江州，屬歲旱民饑，湖湘漕米數十舟適至，亮移文守將，發以振貧民。 因奏：「瀕江諸郡皆大歉，而吏不之救，願罷官糴，令民轉粟以相賙。」
At the time salt wells of all prefectures after years the springs dried yet the government pressed owed quotas. Those shackled and arrested numbered several hundred in a prefecture. Liang fully released those bound and memorialized to abolish the wells, and also remitted more than two million in old arrears of official goods in subordinate departments. He returned to know Tan Prefecture. A subordinate county had absconded soldiers who plundered and attacked and were a village calamity. People together plotted to kill them. The affair was discovered. By law four men should die. Liang all pardoned them, saying: "To remove harm for the people yet sit condemned to death is not the law's intent." He was transferred to Sheng Prefecture. On the way at Jiang Prefecture it happened to be drought and the people hungered. Several tens of boats of Hunan transport rice just arrived. Liang sent a document to the guarding general to release it to relieve the poor. He then memorialized: "All prefectures along the river greatly lack harvest, yet officials do not rescue them. I wish to stop official grain purchase and let the people transport grain to aid one another."
64
以右諫議大夫知廣州。 時宜州陳進初平，而澄海兵從進反者家屬二百餘人，法當配隸，亮悉置不問。 鹽戶逋課，質其妻子於富室，悉取以還其家。 海舶久不至，使招來之，明年，至者倍其初，珍貨大集，朝廷遣中使賜宴以勞之。 是歲東封，亮敦諭大食陀婆離、蒲含沙貢方物泰山下。
As right remonstrator he was prefect of Guang Prefecture. At the time Yizhou's Chen Jin had just been pacified, yet more than two hundred households of Chenghai troops who had followed Jin in rebellion should by law be banished as convicts. Liang all set them aside without inquiry. Salt households owed tax and pledged wives and children to rich houses. He fully took them and returned them to their families. Sea merchant ships had long not arrived. He sent men to summon them. The next year arrivals doubled the first, rare goods greatly gathered, and the court sent an inner attendant to bestow a banquet to reward them. That year at the eastern feng, Liang earnestly instructed the Great Food Tuo Poli and Pu Hansha to present local products below Mount Tai.
65
歷知虔、洪二州、江陵府，再遷尚書工部侍郎，復知昇州，徙杭州，加集賢院學士。 先是，江濤大溢，調兵築堤而工未就，詔問所以捍江之策。 亮褒詔禱伍員祠下，明日，潮為之卻，出橫沙數里，堤遂成。 入為御史中丞。 建言：「士民父祖未葬而析居，請自今未葬者，毋得輒析。」 明年，改兵部侍郎、知廬州，徙江陵，又徙江寧府。 仁宗初，拜尚書右丞，復知廬州，召判尚書都省兼知審刑院，遷工部尚書、知亳州，又遷江寧府，以太子少保致仕，卒，贈尚書右僕射。
He successively governed Qian and Hong prefectures and Jiangling Prefecture, was again advanced to vice director in the Ministry of Works, again knew Sheng Prefecture, was transferred to Hang Prefecture, and was given academician of the Hall of Gathered Worthies. Earlier the river tides greatly overflowed. Troops were drafted to build dikes yet the work was not finished. An edict asked the method to hold back the river. Liang received the edict and prayed below the shrine of Wu Yuan. The next day the tide withdrew for it, exposing sand bars for several li, and the dike was then completed. He entered as censor-in-chief. He proposed: "Scholars and commoners whose fathers and grandfathers are not yet buried yet divide households. I ask that from now those not yet buried may not rashly divide." The next year he was changed to vice director in the Ministry of War and prefect of Lu Prefecture, transferred to Jiangling, and again to Jiangning Prefecture. At the beginning of Renzong he was appointed right vice director, again knew Lu Prefecture, was summoned to preside over the Ministry headquarters while also knowing the Court for Reviewing Punishments, was transferred to minister of works and prefect of Bo Prefecture, again Jiangning Prefecture, and retired as Junior Tutor of the Heir Apparent. He died and was granted Vice Director of the Right posthumously.
66
亮有智略，敏於政事，然其所至無廉稱。 呂夷簡少時，從其父蒙亨為縣福州，亮見而奇之，妻以女。 妻劉恚曰：「嫁女當與縣令兒邪？」 亮曰：「非爾所知也。」 陳執中、梁適為京官，田況、宋庠及其弟祁為童子時，亮皆厚遇之，曰：「是後必大顯。」 世以亮為知人。 亮卒，時夷簡在相位，有司諡曰「忠肅」，人不以為是也。
Liang had strategy and was keen in government, yet wherever he went he had no reputation for integrity. When Lü Yijian was young he followed his father Mengheng as county magistrate in Fu Prefecture. Liang saw him and thought him extraordinary and gave him his daughter in marriage. His wife Liu raged and said: "Marry a daughter to a county magistrate's son?" Liang said: "This is not for you to know." Chen Zhizhong and Liang Shi were capital officials. Tian Kuang, Song Qiu, and his younger brother Qi were boys. Liang all treated them generously, saying: "These will later greatly rise." The age took Liang as one who knew men. When Liang died Yijian was in the chief ministership. The responsible office gave the posthumous title "Loyal and Solemn," and people did not think it fitting.
67
子：仲甫，為天章閣待制。
Son: Zhongfu, was academician of the Hall of Heavenly Writings.
68
陳希亮
Chen Xiliang
69
陳希亮，字公弼。 其先京兆人，唐廣明中，違難遷眉州青神之東山。 希亮幼孤好學，年十六，將從師，其兄難之，使治錢息三十餘萬．希亮悉召取錢者，焚其券而去。 業成，乃召兄子庸，諭使學，遂俱中天聖八年進士第，里人表其閭曰「三俊」。
Chen Xiliang, whose courtesy name was Gongbi. His ancestors were men of Jingzhao. In the Guangming era of Tang they fled hardship and moved to Dongshan in Qingshen, Mei Prefecture. Xiliang was orphaned young and loved learning. At age sixteen he was about to follow a teacher. His elder brother made it difficult and had him manage interest on more than three hundred thousand cash. Xiliang fully summoned the money takers, burned their bonds, and left. When his studies were complete he summoned his elder brother's son Yong and instructed him to study. Both then passed the jinshi of the eighth year of Tiansheng. The village people marked their lane "Three Worthies."
70
初為大理評事、知長沙縣。 有僧海印國師，出入章獻皇后家，與諸貴人交通，恃勢據民地，人莫敢正視，希亮捕治置諸法，一縣大聳。 郴州竹場有偽為券給輸戶送官者，事覺，輸戶當死，希亮察其非辜，出之，已而果得其造偽者。 再遷殿中丞，徙知鄠縣。 老吏曹腆侮法，以希亮年少，易之。 希亮視事，首得其罪。 腆叩頭出血，願自新，希亮戒而捨之，卒為善吏。 巫覡歲斂民財祭鬼，謂之春齋，否則有火災； 民訛言有緋衣三老人行火。 希亮禁之，民不敢犯，火亦不作。 毀淫祠數百區，勒巫為農者七十餘家。 及罷去，父老送之出境，泣曰：「公去我，緋衣老人復出矣。」 遷太常博士。 有言郴獄活人死罪，賜五品服。
At first he was reviewer in the Court of Judicial Review and prefect of Changsha County. There was the monk National Teacher Haiyin who went in and out of Empress Dowager Zhangxian's household and associated with all the nobles, relying on power to seize people's land. None dared look straight at him. Xiliang arrested, tried, and applied the law. The whole county was startled. At Chen Prefecture's bamboo yard there were false bonds given to delivering households to send to the office. The affair was discovered and the delivering households should die. Xiliang saw they were not guilty and released them. Later he indeed obtained the forger. He was again advanced to palace attendant and transferred to prefect of Hu County. The old clerk Cao Tian despised the law and, because Xiliang was young, took him lightly. When Xiliang took office he first obtained his crime. Tian kowtowed until it bled and wished to renew himself. Xiliang admonished and released him, and in the end he became a good clerk. Shamans yearly collected people's wealth to sacrifice to ghosts, calling it spring fast; otherwise there would be fire disaster. Popular rumor said three old men in scarlet robes walked fire. Xiliang forbade it. The people did not dare violate it and fire also did not occur. He destroyed several hundred licentious shrines and compelled shamans to become farmers in more than seventy households. When he left office the elders sent him beyond the border, weeping and saying: "When the lord leaves us the scarlet-robed old men will come forth again." He was transferred to erudite of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. Someone spoke of the Chen prison saving a living man from death sentence. He was granted fifth-rank dress.
71
初，蜀人官蜀，不得通判州事。 希亮以母老，願折資為縣侍親，於是知臨津縣。 母終，服除，為開封府司錄司事。 福勝塔火，官欲更造，度用錢三萬，希亮言：「陝西用兵，願以此饋軍。」 詔罷之。 青州民趙禹上書，言趙元昊必反，宰相以禹狂言，徙建州，元昊果反。 禹訟所部，不受，亡至京自理，宰相怒，下開封獄，希亮言禹可賞不可罪，爭不已。 上釋禹，賞為徐州推官，且欲以希亮為御史，會外戚沈元吉以奸盜殺人，希亮一問得實，自驚仆死，沈氏訴之，詔御史劾希亮及諸掾吏。 希亮曰：「殺此賊者獨我耳。」 遂引罪坐廢。
At first Shu men who held office in Shu could not vice-govern prefectures. Xiliang because his mother was old wished to reduce salary to be county magistrate and attend his kin. Thus he was made prefect of Linjin County. When mourning ended and service was complete he was recorder of the Kaifeng prefectural office. The Fusheng Pagoda burned. Officials wished to rebuild it, estimating cost at thirty thousand cash. Xiliang said: "Shaanxi uses troops. I wish this be used to feed the army." An edict stopped it. A man of Qing Prefecture, Zhao Yu, submitted a memorial saying Zhao Yuanhao would surely rebel. The chief minister took Yu's words as mad and transferred him to Jian Prefecture. Yuanhao indeed rebelled. Yu sued his department and was not accepted. He fled to the capital to plead himself. The chief minister was angry and put him in Kaifeng prison. Xiliang said Yu should be rewarded not punished and contended without cease. The emperor released Yu, rewarded him as recorder of Xu Prefecture, and wished to make Xiliang censor. It happened that the maternal relative Shen Yuanji because of adultery and theft killed a man. Xiliang one inquiry obtained the facts. He himself was startled and fell dead. The Shen clan sued. An edict ordered the censorate to impeach Xiliang and all staff. Xiliang said: "The one who killed this villain is I alone." He then took guilt and sat dismissed.
72
期年，盜起京西，殺守令，富弼薦希亮可用，起知房州。 州素無兵備，民凜凜欲亡去，希亮以牢城卒雜山河戶，得數百人，日夜部勒，聲振山南，民恃以安。 殿侍雷甲以兵百餘人逐盜竹山，甲不能戢，所至為暴。 或疑為盜，告希亮盜入境，且及門，希亮即勒兵阻水拒之，命持滿無得發，士皆植立如偶人。 甲射之，不動，乃下馬拜請死，曰：「初不知公官軍也。」 吏士皆欲斬甲以徇，希亮獨治為暴者十餘人，使甲以捕盜自贖。
After the term of punishment bandits arose in Jingxi and killed guarding magistrates. Fu Bi recommended Xiliang as usable. He was raised to know Fang Prefecture. The prefecture had always no military preparation. The people trembled and wished to flee. Xiliang mixed fortress soldiers with mountain-river households and got several hundred men, day and night drilled them. The sound shook Shannan and the people relied on this for peace. Palace attendant Lei Jia with more than a hundred men pursued bandits in Zhushan. Jia could not restrain them and wherever they went committed violence. Some suspected them as bandits and reported that bandits had entered the border and reached the gate. Xiliang immediately drilled troops and blocked them at the water, ordering full draw without release. The soldiers all stood planted like wooden figures. Jia shot at them. They did not move. He then dismounted and bowed begging death, saying: "At first I did not know you were government troops." Clerks and soldiers all wished to behead Jia to display. Xiliang alone punished more than ten who had committed violence and had Jia capture bandits to redeem himself.
73
時劇賊党軍子方張，轉運使使供奉官崔德贇捕之。 德贇既失党軍子，遂圍竹山民，賊所嘗舍者，曰向氏，殺父子三人，梟首南陽市。 曰：「此党軍子也。」 希亮察其冤，下德贇獄，未服。 党軍子獲於商州，詔賜向氏帛，復其家，流德贇通州。 或言華陰人張元走夏州，為元昊謀臣。 詔徙其族百餘口於房，幾察出入，饑寒且死。 希亮曰：「元事虛實不可知，使誠有之，為國者終不顧家，徒堅其為賊耳。 此又皆其疏屬，無罪。」 乃密以聞，詔釋之。 老幼哭希亮庭下曰：「今當還故鄉，然奈何去父母乎？」 遂畫希亮像祠焉。
At the time the fierce bandit Dang Junzi was rampant. The transport commissioner sent palace supply official Cui Deyun to capture him. Deyun having lost Dang Junzi then besieged Zhushan commoners whom the bandits had once lodged with, the Xiang clan, killed father and two sons, and displayed heads in Nanyang market. He said: "This is Dang Junzi." Xiliang saw the injustice, put Deyun in prison, and he did not submit. Dang Junzi was captured in Shang Prefecture. An edict bestowed silk on the Xiang clan, restored their household, and banished Deyun to Tong Prefecture. Someone said the Huayin man Zhang Yuan fled to Xia and became Yuanhao's strategist. An edict moved his clan of more than a hundred mouths to Fang. They were nearly watched going in and out, hungry and cold and about to die. Xiliang said: "Yuan's affair whether true or false cannot be known. If it is truly so, for the state in the end one does not care for family—only to harden him as bandit. These again are all his distant kin and are without crime." He then secretly reported. An edict released them. Old and young wept in Xiliang's courtyard saying: "Today we should return to our homeland—yet how leave our parents?" They then painted Xiliang's image and made a shrine.
74
代還，執政欲以為大理少卿，希亮曰：「法吏守文，非所願，願得一郡以自效。」 乃以為宿州。 州跨汴為橋，水與橋爭，常壞舟。 希亮始作飛橋，無柱，以便往來。 詔賜縑以褒之，仍下其法，自畿邑至於泗州，皆為飛橋。
On replacement return those in charge wished to make him vice director of the Court of Judicial Review. Xiliang said: "Law clerks keep to documents—not what I wish. I wish to obtain one prefecture to render effort myself." He was then made prefect of Su Prefecture. The prefecture crossed the Bian with a bridge. Water and bridge contended and boats were often ruined. Xiliang first made a flying bridge without pillars to ease coming and going. An edict bestowed silk to praise it and also sent down his method. From capital counties to Si Prefecture all made flying bridges.
75
淮南饑，安撫、轉運使皆言壽春守王正民不任職，正民坐免，詔希亮乘傳代之。 轉運使調里胥米而蠲其役，凡十三萬石，謂之折役米。 米翔貴，民益饑。 希亮至，除之，且表其事，旁郡皆得除。 又言正民無罪，職事辦治。 詔復以正民為鄂州。
Huainan hungered. Pacification and transport commissioners all said Shouchun magistrate Wang Zhengmin was unfit for office. Zhengmin sat dismissed. An edict ordered Xiliang to go by post and replace him. The transport commissioner adjusted village headmen's grain and remitted their corvée. In all one hundred thirty thousand bushels were called folded-corvée grain. Grain soared in price and the people hungered the more. When Xiliang arrived he abolished it and also memorialized the affair. Neighboring prefectures all obtained abolition. He also said Zhengmin was without crime and his duties were well managed. An edict restored Zhengmin to E Prefecture.
76
久之，徙知廬州。 虎翼軍士屯壽春者，以謀反誅，遷其餘不反者數百人於廬，皆自疑不安。 一日，有竊入府舍將為不利者。 希亮笑曰：「此必醉耳。」 貸而流之，盡以其餘給左右使令，且以守倉庫。 人為之懼，希亮益加親信，皆感德，指心誓為希亮死。 改提點刑獄江東，遷度支郎中，徙河北。
After a long while he was transferred to prefect of Lu Prefecture. Tiger-Wing army soldiers stationed at Shouchun were executed for plotting rebellion. The rest who did not rebel, several hundred men, were moved to Lu. All were suspicious and uneasy themselves. One day a thief entered the government quarters intending harm. Xiliang laughed and said: "This must be drunkenness." He pardoned and banished him, fully gave the rest to left and right attendants and orderlies, and moreover had them guard the granaries. People were fearful for him. Xiliang the more added intimate trust. All were moved by virtue and pointed to their hearts swearing to die for Xiliang. He was changed to intendant of judicial affairs in Jiangdong, advanced to bureau director in the Ministry of Revenue, and transferred to Hebei.
77
嘉祐二年，入為開封府判官，改判三司戶部勾院。 朝廷以三司事冗，簿書留滯，乃命希亮又兼開拆司。 榮州鬻鹽凡十八井，歲久澹竭，有司責課如初，民破產籍沒者三百餘家。 希亮為言，還其所籍，歲蠲三十餘萬斤。 三司簿書滯留者，自天禧以來，末帳六百有四，明道以來，生事二百一十二萬，希亮日夜課吏，凡九月，去其三之二。 度支吏不時勾，希亮杖之。 副使以希亮擅決罰，由是事復滯。
In the second year of Jiayou he entered as associate president of the Kaifeng prefectural office and was changed to president of the Three Departments' revenue examination office. The court because Three Departments affairs were numerous and documents backlog ordered Xiliang also to handle the Opening and Sorting Office. Rong Prefecture sold salt from eighteen wells in all. After years the brine was exhausted yet the responsible office demanded tax as at first. People went bankrupt and more than three hundred households were registered and seized. Xiliang spoke for them and returned what was registered. Yearly remission was more than three hundred thousand jin. Three Departments documents backlog from the Tianxi era numbered six hundred four final accounts. From the Mingdao era living cases numbered two million one hundred twenty thousand. Xiliang day and night urged clerks. In all nine months he cleared two-thirds. Revenue-section clerks did not timely examine accounts. Xiliang beat them. The vice commissioner because Xiliang on his own authority decided punishment, from this affairs again backlog.
78
會接伴契丹使還，自請補外，乃以為京西轉運使，賜三品服。 石塘河役兵叛，其首周元自稱「周大王」，震動汝、洛間。 希亮聞之，即日輕騎出按，吏請以兵從，希亮不許。 其賊二十四人道遇希亮，以希亮輕出，意色閑和，不能測，遂相與列訴道周。 希亮徐問其所苦，命一老兵押之，曰：「以是付葉縣，聽吾命。」 既至，令曰：「汝以自首，皆無罪，然必有首謀者。」 眾不敢隱，乃斬元以徇，流軍校一人，餘悉遣赴役如初。
It happened that escorting Khitan envoys on return he himself asked to fill an outside post. He was then made transport commissioner on the Jingxi circuit and granted third-rank dress. Shitang River corvée soldiers rebelled. Their leader Zhou Yuan called himself "King Zhou" and shook Ru and Luo between. When Xiliang heard he that day went out lightly by horse to investigate. Clerks asked to take troops along. Xiliang would not permit. Twenty-four men of the bandits met Xiliang on the road. Because Xiliang went out lightly his manner was easy and harmonious and they could not measure him. They then together lined up and complained on the road about Zhou. Xiliang slowly asked what pained them and ordered one old soldier to escort them, saying: "Deliver these to Ye County and heed my command." When they arrived he ordered: "You because you surrendered are all without crime, yet there must be a chief plotter." The multitude did not dare conceal. He then beheaded Yuan to display and banished one army officer. The rest were all sent back to corvée as at first.
79
遷京東轉運使。 濰州參軍王康赴官，道博平，大猾有號「截道虎」者，毆康及其女幾死，吏不敢問。 希亮移捕甚急，卒流海島； 又劾吏故縱，坐免者數人。 徐州守暴苛，以細過籍民產數十家，獲小盜，使必自誣抵死。 希亮言其狀，卒以廢去。
He was transferred to transport commissioner on the Jingdong circuit. Weizhou adjutant Wang Kang went to office. On the road at Boping a great scoundrel nicknamed "Road-Cutting Tiger" beat Kang and his daughter nearly to death. Clerks did not dare inquire. Xiliang moved to capture him urgently and in the end banished him to the sea island. He also impeached clerks for deliberately releasing them. Several men sat dismissal. The Xu Prefecture magistrate was violent and harsh. For small faults he registered people's property in several tens of households. Obtaining a petty thief he made him surely falsely confess to capital crime. Xiliang spoke the situation. In the end he was dismissed.
80
數上章請老，不允，移知鳳翔。 倉粟支十二年，主者以腐敗為憂，歲饑，希亮發十二萬石貸民。 有司懼為擅發，希亮身任之。 是秋大熟，以新易舊，官民皆便。 于闐使者入朝，過秦州，經略使以客禮享之。 使者驕甚，留月餘，壞傳舍什器，縱其徒入市掠飲食，民戶皆晝閉。 希亮聞之曰：「吾嘗主契丹使，得其情。 使者初不敢暴橫，皆譯者教之，吾痛繩以法，譯者懼，其使不敢動矣。 況此小國乎？」 乃使教練使持符告譯者曰：「入吾境，有秋毫不如法，吾且斬若。」 取軍令狀以還。 使者至，羅拜庭下，希亮命坐兩廊飲食之，護出其境，無一人嘩者。
Several times he submitted memorials begging old age. It was not permitted. He was transferred to know Fengxiang. Granary grain supported twelve years. The custodian feared rot as worry. That year there was famine. Xiliang released one hundred twenty thousand bushels to lend the people. The responsible office feared unauthorized release. Xiliang personally bore it. That autumn there was great harvest. With new for old both office and people were pleased. Khotan envoys entered court and passed through Qin Prefecture. The military commissioner entertained them as guests. The envoys were very arrogant. They stayed more than a month, ruined hostel furnishings and utensils, and let their followers enter the market plundering drink and food. Civilian households all closed by day. When Xiliang heard he said: "I once hosted Khitan envoys and obtained their disposition. Envoys at first did not dare be violent—all taught by translators. I strictly bound them by law and translators feared. Their envoys did not dare move. How much more this small state?" He then had the drill instructor hold credentials and tell the translators: "Enter my border. If a hair is not according to law I shall behead you." He took military pledge documents and returned. When the envoys arrived they kowtowed in rows below the hall. Xiliang ordered them seated in both corridors and fed. Escorted out of the border, not one man made an uproar.
81
英宗即位，遷太常少卿。 獄有盜，法當死，僚官持不可。 久之，盜殺守吏遁去。 希亮以前議讞於朝，而希亮之議是，僚官懼，欲以事中希亮，希亮自顧無有其事。 始，州郡以酒相餉，例皆私有之，而法不可。 希亮以遺遊士之貧者，既而曰：「此亦私也。」 以家財償之。 遂借此上書自劾，求去不已，坐是分司西京。 未幾致仕，卒，年六十四。 希亮嘗夢異人按圖而告之年，至是果然。 贈工部侍郎。
When Emperor Yingzong took the throne he was transferred to vice director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. In prison was a thief. By law he should die. Staff officials held it could not be done. After a long while the thief killed the guarding clerk and escaped. Xiliang because of his former deliberation sent up a report to court, and Xiliang's deliberation was correct. Staff officials feared and wished to use the affair to hit Xiliang. Xiliang himself looked back and had no such affair. At first prefectures used wine to present gifts to one another. By precedent all privately kept them, yet the law could not allow it. Xiliang gave them to poor traveling scholars. Afterward he said: "This too is private." He used household wealth to compensate. He then took this opportunity to submit a memorial impeaching himself, begging to leave without cease, and sat dismissal to commissioner of the Western Capital. Before long he retired. He died at age sixty-four. Xiliang once dreamed a strange man pressed a chart and told his years. At this it was indeed so. He was posthumously granted vice director in the Ministry of Works.
82
希亮為人清勁寡欲，不假人以色，自王公貴人，皆嚴憚之。 見義勇發，不計禍福。 所至，奸民猾吏，易心改行，不改者必誅。 然出於仁恕，故嚴而不殘。 少與蜀人宋輔遊，輔卒於京，母老，子端平幼，希亮養其母終身，以女妻端平，使同諸子學，卒登進士第。
Xiliang as a man was pure, forceful, and with few desires. He did not lend others his countenance. From kings, dukes, and the honored he was all strictly feared. Seeing righteousness he bravely acted, not calculating fortune and disaster. Wherever he went, wicked people and crafty clerks changed heart and conduct. Those who did not change were surely punished. Yet it came from humane forgiveness. Thus he was severe yet not cruel. Young he traveled with the Shu man Song Fu. When Fu died in the capital his mother was old and his son Duanping young. Xiliang nurtured his mother for life, gave his daughter to Duanping in marriage, had him study with all sons, and in the end he passed the jinshi.
83
四子。 忱，度支郎中； 恪，滑州推官； 恂，大理寺丞； 慥，字季常，少時使酒好劍，用財如糞土，慕朱家、郭解為人，閭里之俠皆宗之。 在岐下，嘗從兩騎挾二矢與蘇軾遊西山，鵲起於前，使騎逐而射之，不獲，乃怒馬獨出，一發得之，因與軾馬上論用兵及古今成敗，自謂一世豪士。 稍壯，折節讀書，欲以此馳騁當世，然終不遇。 洛陽園宅壯麗與公侯等，河北有田歲得帛千匹，晚年皆棄不取，遁於光、黃間，曰岐亭。 庵居蔬食，徒步往來山中，妻子奴婢皆有自得之意，不與世相聞，人莫識也。 見其所著帽方屋而高，曰：「此豈古方山冠之遣像乎？ ”」因謂之「方山子」。 及蘇軾謫黃，過岐亭，識之，人始知為慥云。
Four sons. Chen, bureau director in the Ministry of Revenue; Ke, recorder of Hua Prefecture; Xun, vice director in the Court of Judicial Review; Zao, whose courtesy name was Jichang. In youth he was fond of wine and loved the sword, used wealth like dung, admired the conduct of the Zhu and Guo families, and village knights all took him as their model. Below Qi he once followed two riders with two arrows and roamed West Mountain with Su Shi. A magpie rose before them. He had the riders chase and shoot it and did not get it. He then angrily rode out alone and with one shot obtained it. He then with Shi on horseback discussed employing troops and ancient success and failure, calling himself a hero of an age. Somewhat grown he restrained his will and read books, wishing thereby to charge through the age, yet in the end he was not met. His Luoyang garden residence was magnificent equal to dukes and marquises. In Hebei he had fields yearly obtaining a thousand bolts of silk. In later years he abandoned all and did not take them, withdrawing to between Guang and Huang, called Qiting. He dwelt in a hut, ate vegetables, walked on foot coming and going in the mountains. Wife, children, slaves, and maidservants all had the air of contentment and did not communicate with the age. None knew him. Seeing the hat he wore was square-roofed and high, they said: "Is this not the vestige of the ancient square mountain cap? They therefore called him "Master Square Mountain." When Su Shi was banished to Huang and passed Qiting he recognized him. People then knew it was Zao.
84
論曰：乘雅恬退，潁不阿貴戚，有儒者之風。 摯淳靜而不矯，池質易而長厚，肅議法平恕，及、堂、夔清修自守，蓋侍從之選也。 希亮為政嚴而不殘，其良吏與。 馬亮饒才智而寡廉稱，士論以此惜之。
The appraisal says: Cheng was elegant and tranquil in withdrawal; Ying did not flatter noble kin and had the wind of the Confucian scholar. Zhi was pure and tranquil without affectation; Chi was plain and easy yet long generous; Su deliberated on law with fairness and forgiveness; Ji, Tang, and Kui were pure in cultivation and self-restraint—these were all fit for attendance on the ruler. Xiliang in government was severe yet not cruel; he ranked among the good magistrates. Ma Liang was rich in wisdom and talent yet sparse in reputation for integrity; scholarly opinion for this regretted him.