Volume 362 Biographies 121: Zhu Shengfei, Lu Yihao, Fan Zongyin, Fan Zhixu, Lu Haowen

朱勝非呂頤浩范宗尹范致虛呂好問

Zhu Shengfei, Lu Yihao, Fan Zongyin, Fan Zhixu, and Lu Haowen

朱勝非

Zhu Shengfei

二年，除尚書右丞。時宰執蔭補多濫，勝非奏：「舊制，宰執子弟例不堂除，只就銓注，罷政不以罪，然後推恩。趙普子弟皆作武臣，普再相，長子授莊宅使；范純仁再相，子正平有文行，竟死選調；章惇子援及持皆高科，並為州縣、幕職、監當。惟夏竦子安期累作邊帥，授待制、直學士，王安石薦子雱為崇政殿說書，除待制。然安期猶有才幹，雱猶有學問。至蔡京子六人、孫四人，鄭居中、劉正夫子各二人，余深、王黼、白時中、蔡卞、鄧洵仁洵武子各一人，並列從班。宣和末，諫官疏謂：『尚從竹馬之遊，已造荷囊之列。』今不可以不戒。」遷中書侍郎。

In the second year of the reign, he was appointed Right Vice Minister of the Department of State Affairs. At the time, chief councillors were abusing hereditary appointments on a lavish scale. Shengfei submitted a memorial: "Under the old regulations, the sons of chief councillors were not ordinarily given direct appointments from court; they had to go through the regular selection process. Only after a councillor left office without being charged with a crime was favor then extended to his family. Zhao Pu's sons and younger brothers all became military officials. When Pu returned as chief councillor, his eldest son was appointed Commissioner of the Imperial Manors; When Fan Chunren served again as chief councillor, his son Zhengping had both literary talent and moral conduct, yet in the end died still waiting in the appointment queue; Zhang Dun's sons Yuan and Chi both earned top examination ranks and were all appointed to posts as prefectural and county officials, staff assistants, and supervisory agents. Only Xia Song's son Anqi had repeatedly served as a frontier commander and was granted the titles of Attendant-in-Waiting and Academician Expositor; Wang Anshi recommended his son Bian as Lecturer at the Hall for Veneration of Governance and had him appointed Attendant-in-Waiting. Yet Anqi still had real ability, and Bian still had genuine learning. By the time of Cai Jing, six sons and four grandsons, Zheng Juzhong and Liu Zhengfu each with two sons, and Yu Shen, Wang Fu, Bai Shizhong, Cai Bian, and Deng Xunren and Xunwu each with one son—all were ranked in the attendant class. At the end of the Xuanhe era, remonstrance officials submitted memorials saying: "They are still at the age of childhood play, yet already have entered the ranks of court attendants." This must not go unheeded as a warning now." He was promoted to Vice Minister of the Secretariat.

三年，上自鎮江南幸，留勝非經理。未幾，命為控扼使，已而拜宣奉大夫、尚書右僕射兼禦營使。故事，命相進三官，勝非特遷五官。會王淵簽書樞密院事兼禦營司都統制，內侍復用事恣橫，諸將不悅。於是苗傅、劉正彥與其徒王鈞甫、馬柔吉、王世修謀，誣淵結宦官謀反。正彥手斬淵，分捕中官，皆殺之，擁兵至行宮門外。勝非趨樓上，詰專殺之由。上親禦樓撫諭，傅、正彥語頗不遜，勝非乃從皇太后出諭旨。傅等請高宗避位，太后抱皇子聽政，太后不可。傅顧勝非曰：「今日正須大臣果決，相公何無一言耶？」勝非還告上曰：「王鈞甫乃傅等腹心，適語臣云：『二將忠有餘，而學不足。』此語可為後圖之緒。」於是太后垂簾，高宗退居顯忠寺，號睿聖宮。勝非因請降赦以安傅等。又奏：「母后垂簾，須二臣同對，此承平故事。今日事機有須密奏者，乞許臣僚獨對，而日引傅徒二人上殿，以弭其疑。」太后語上曰：「賴相此人，若汪、黃在位，事已狼籍矣。」

In the third year, when the emperor traveled south from Zhenjiang, Shengfei was left behind to manage affairs there. Before long, he was appointed Control Commissioner; shortly thereafter he was invested as Grandee of Palace Attendance and Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, concurrently serving as Imperial Camp Commissioner. By precedent, appointing a chief councillor advanced one's rank by three grades; Shengfei was specially promoted by five. At this time Wang Yuan was appointed to sign documents at the Bureau of Military Affairs and concurrently served as overall commander of the Imperial Camp Office; eunuchs again wielded power arbitrarily, and the generals were displeased. Thereupon Miao Fu, Liu Zhengyan, and their followers Wang Junfu, Ma Rouji, and Wang Shixiu plotted together, falsely accusing Yuan of conspiring with eunuchs to rebel. Zhengyan personally beheaded Yuan, sent parties to seize palace eunuchs and kill them all, and led troops to the gates outside the traveling palace. Shengfei hurried upstairs and demanded to know why they had carried out the killing on their own authority. The emperor personally went to the tower to console and instruct them; Fu and Zhengyan's words were quite disrespectful, so Shengfei then accompanied the Empress Dowager out to proclaim the imperial edict. Fu and the others demanded that Emperor Gaozong step aside so the Empress Dowager could hold the infant prince and conduct government; the Empress Dowager refused. Fu turned to Shengfei and said: "Today we truly need a chief minister who is resolute and decisive—why has the Chancellor not said a single word?" Shengfei returned and reported to the emperor: "Wang Junfu is the trusted confidant of Fu and the others. He just told me, 'The two generals have loyalty to spare but learning in short supply. This remark can serve as a thread for later plans." Thereupon the Empress Dowager held court from behind the curtain, while Gaozong withdrew to Xianzhong Temple, which was renamed Ruicheng Palace. Shengfei thereupon requested an amnesty decree to reassure Fu and the others. He also memorialized: "When the Empress Mother holds court from behind the curtain, two ministers must jointly attend—this is the precedent of peaceful times. Today's situation has matters requiring confidential memorials; I beg that officials be permitted private audience, while daily summoning Fu's two followers to the hall to allay their suspicions." The Empress Dowager said to the emperor: "We depend on this Chancellor. Had Wang and Huang still been in office, affairs would already be in utter disorder."

王鈞甫見勝非，勝非問：「前言二將學不足，如何？」鈞甫曰：「如劉將手殺王淵，軍中亦非之。」勝非因以言撼之曰：「上皇待燕士如骨肉，那無一人效力者乎？人言燕、趙多奇士，徒虛語耳。」鈞甫曰：「不可謂燕無人。」勝非曰：「君與馬參議皆燕中名人，嘗獻策滅契丹者。今金人所任，多契丹舊人，若渡江，禍首及君矣。盍早為朝廷協力乎！」鈞甫唯唯。王世修來見，勝非諭之曰：「國家艱難，若等立功之秋也。誠能奮身立事，從官豈難得乎。」世修喜，時往來道軍中情實。擢世修為工部侍郎。

Wang Junfu came to see Shengfei. Shengfei asked: "You said earlier that the two generals lack learning—what do you mean by that?" Junfu said: "For example, General Liu personally killed Wang Yuan—the army disapproved of that as well." Shengfei then used words to shake him, saying: "The Retired Emperor treated men of Yan like his own flesh and blood—could there not be a single one willing to serve? People say Yan and Zhao abound in extraordinary men—it is nothing but empty talk." Junfu said: "One cannot say Yan has no capable men." Shengfei said: "You and Adviser Ma are both famous men of Yan who once submitted plans to destroy the Khitan. Now those the Jin employ are mostly former Khitan men. If they cross the Yangzi, the ringleaders will come for you. Why not exert yourselves for the court now, while there is still time!" Junfu assented repeatedly. Wang Shixiu came to see him. Shengfei instructed him: "The state is in hardship—this is the season for men like you to achieve merit. If you truly throw yourselves into service and establish achievements, would attendant rank be hard to obtain?" Shixiu was pleased and from time to time came and went, reporting the true situation in the army. Shixiu was promoted to Vice Minister of the Ministry of Works.

傅、正彥乞改年號及移蹕建康，勝非以白太后，因議恐盡廢其請，則倉卒變生，乃改元明受。以詔示世修曰：「已從若請矣。」傅等欲挾上幸徽、越，勝非諭之以禍福而止。傅聞韓世忠起兵，取其妻子為質。勝非紿傅曰：「今當啟太后召二人慰撫，使報知平江，諸君益安。」傅許諾。勝非喜曰：「二凶真無能為也。」諸將將至，傅等懼，勝非因謂之曰：「勤王之師未進者，使是間自反正耳。不然，下詔率百官六軍請上還宮，公等置身何地乎？」即召學士李邴、張守作百官章及太后手詔。

Fu and Zhengyan requested changing the reign title and moving the imperial residence to Jiankang. Shengfei reported this to the Empress Dowager. Fearing that if all their requests were rejected, sudden upheaval would follow, the court changed the era name to Mingshou. He showed the edict to Shixiu and said: "Your request has already been granted." Fu and the others wished to take the emperor to Huizhou and Yuezhou. Shengfei instructed them on the consequences and stopped them. When Fu heard that Han Shizhong had raised troops, he took Han's wife and children as hostages. Shengfei deceived Fu, saying: "Now we should inform the Empress Dowager to summon the two men for consolation and have them report to Pingjiang—you gentlemen will be all the more secure." Fu agreed. Shengfei rejoiced and said: "The two villains truly cannot accomplish anything." The generals were about to arrive, and Fu and the others were afraid. Shengfei therefore said to them: "As for the armies coming to rescue the throne that have not yet advanced—use this interval to correct yourselves on your own. Otherwise, an edict will be issued leading the hundred officials and the Six Armies to request the emperor's return to the palace—where will you gentlemen place yourselves?" He immediately summoned Academicians Li Bing and Zhang Shou to draft the memorial of the hundred officials and the Empress Dowager's handwritten edict.

四月朔，勝非率百官詣睿聖宮，親掖上乘馬還宮。苗傅請以王世修為參議，勝非曰：「世修已為從官，豈可復從軍？」上既復辟，勝非曰：「臣昔遇變，義當即死，偷生至此，欲圖今日之事耳。」乃乞罷政。上問誰可代者，勝非曰：「呂頤浩、張浚。」問孰優，曰：「頤浩練事而暴，浚喜事而疏。」上曰：「浚太年少。」勝非曰：「臣向被召，軍旅錢谷悉付浚，此舉浚實主之。」御史中丞張守論勝非不能預防，致賊猖獗，宜罷。不報。授觀文殿大學士、知洪州，尋除江西安撫大使兼知江州。

On the first day of the fourth month, Shengfei led the hundred officials to Ruicheng Palace, personally supporting the emperor as he mounted his horse and returned to the palace. Miao Fu requested that Wang Shixiu serve as adviser. Shengfei said: "Shixiu is already an attendant official—how can he again follow the army?" After the emperor had been restored, Shengfei said: "When I formerly encountered the upheaval, by right I should have died at once. I stole life to reach this point only to plan for today's affair." He then requested to leave office. The emperor asked who could replace him. Shengfei said: "Lu Yihao and Zhang Jun." Asked which was superior, he said: "Yihao is experienced in affairs but violent; Jun is eager for achievement but careless." The emperor said: "Jun is too young." Shengfei said: "When I was formerly summoned, military affairs and revenue grain were all entrusted to Jun; this undertaking Jun truly led." Censor-in-Chief Zhang Shou argued that Shengfei had failed to take preventive measures, allowing the rebels to run rampant, and that he should be dismissed. No response was given. He was appointed Academician of the Hall for Viewing Literature and Prefect of Hongzhou; shortly thereafter he was made Jiangxi Pacification Commissioner, concurrently serving as Prefect of Jiangzhou.

紹興元年，馬進陷江州，侍御史沈與求論九江之陷，由勝非赴鎮太緩。降授中大夫，分司南京，江州居住。二年，呂頤浩薦兼侍讀，又薦都督江、淮、荊、浙諸軍事，給事中胡安國、侍御史江躋交章論罷之。頤浩力引其入，再除兼侍讀，尋拜尚書右僕射、同中書門下平章事。丁母憂去，起復右僕射兼知樞密院事，上《吏部七司敕令格式》一百八十卷。

In the first year of Shaoxing, Ma Jin captured Jiangzhou. Remonstrance Official Shen Yuqiu argued that the fall of Jiujiang was because Shengfei had gone to his post too slowly. His rank was reduced to Grandee of Palace Attendance, assigned to nominal duty at the Southern Capital, and ordered to reside at Jiangzhou. In the second year, Lu Yihao recommended him as concurrent Lecturer-in-Waiting, and again recommended him as Commander-in-Chief of military affairs in Jiang, Huai, Jing, and Zhe; Supervising Secretary Hu Anguo and Remonstrance Official Jiang Ji submitted successive memorials arguing for his dismissal. Yihao strongly brought him back; he was again appointed concurrent Lecturer-in-Waiting, and shortly thereafter invested as Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Associate Chief Councillor of the Secretariat-Chancellery. He left office to mourn his mother, then was recalled from mourning as Right Vice Director, concurrently managing Bureau of Military Affairs affairs, and submitted the Statutes and Formats of the Seven Bureaus of the Ministry of Personnel in one hundred eighty juan.

時員外郎江端友請營宗廟，議者非之，以為國家期於恢復，不常厥居，勝非方主和議，遂白上營宗廟于臨安。徐俯罷參政，勝非薦胡松年。侍御史常同劾松年乃王黼客，勝非徙同左史。莫儔謫曲江，其家蒼頭奴為勝非治疽而愈，奴為儔請，得復官。姻家劉式嘗言為兵官獲盜，勝非不以付部用，特旨改官。會久雨，勝非累章乞免，且自論當罷者十一事。魏矼亦劾其罪，遂罷。

At the time, Vice Director Jiang Duanyou requested building an ancestral temple. Critics opposed it, holding that the state looked to recovery and would not long remain in one place. Shengfei was then advocating peace talks and reported to the emperor to build the ancestral temple at Lin'an. When Xu Fu was dismissed from participating in government, Shengfei recommended Hu Songnian. Remonstrance Official Chang Tong impeached Songnian as a client of Wang Fu. Shengfei transferred Tong to Left Historiographer. Mo Chou was banished to Qujiang. A bondservant in his household treated an abscess for Shengfei and cured it; the bondservant pleaded for Chou, and he was restored to office. His affinal relative Liu Shi once reported that as a military officer he had captured bandits. Shengfei did not refer it to the ministry for appointment but used a special edict to change his rank. When prolonged rain occurred, Shengfei submitted repeated memorials requesting dismissal, and himself set forth eleven matters for which he ought to be removed. Wei Jiang also impeached his offenses, and he was dismissed.

五年，慶詔言戰守四事，起知湖州，引疾歸。勝非與秦檜有隙，檜得政，勝非廢居八年，卒，諡忠靖。

In the fifth year, on a celebratory edict discussing four matters of war and defense, he was recalled to serve as Prefect of Huzhou, then cited illness and returned home. Shengfei had a rift with Qin Hui. When Hui gained power, Shengfei lived in retirement for eight years, then died. He was given the posthumous title Zhongjing.

勝非，張邦昌友婿也。始，邦昌僭位，勝非嘗械其使，及金人過江，勝非請尊禮邦昌，錄其後以謝敵。苗、劉之變，保護聖躬，功居多。既去，力薦張浚。然李綱罷，勝非受黃潛善風旨草制，極言其狂妄。再相，忌趙鼎，鼎宣撫川、陝，欲重使名以制吳玠，勝非曰：「元樞出使，豈論此耶？」蓋因事出鼎而輕其權。人以此少之。及著《閒居錄》，亦多其私說云。

Shengfei was the son-in-law of Zhang Bangchang's friend. At first, when Bangchang usurped the throne, Shengfei once shackled his envoys. When the Jin crossed the Yangzi, Shengfei requested honoring Bangchang and recording his descendants to appease the enemy. In the Miao and Liu upheaval, his merit in protecting the emperor's person was greatest. After he left office, he strongly recommended Zhang Jun. Yet when Li Gang was dismissed, Shengfei received Huang Qianshan's intent and drafted the edict, speaking in the strongest terms of his arrogance. When he became chief councillor again, he was jealous of Zhao Ding. Ding was Pacification Commissioner of Sichuan and Shaanxi and wished to enhance his envoy title to control Wu Jie. Shengfei said: "When the Chief Councillor goes on mission, is this matter under discussion?" This was because he used the matter to remove Ding and diminish his authority. People for this reason thought less of him. When he wrote Records of Secluded Living, it also contained much of his private opinions.

呂頤浩

Lu Yihao

呂頤浩，字元直，其先樂陵人，徙齊州。中進士第。父喪家貧，躬耕以贍老幼。後為密州司戶參軍，以李清臣薦，為邠州教授。除宗子博士，累官入為太府少卿、直龍圖閣、河北轉運副使，升待制徽猷閣、都轉運使。

Lu Yihao, style name Yuanzhi, was descended from men of Leling who later moved to Qizhou. He passed the jinshi examination. When his father died the family was poor; he personally plowed the fields to support the old and young. Later he served as Revenue Clerk of Mizhou; on Li Qingchen's recommendation he became Instructor of Binzhou. He was appointed Erudite of the Imperial Clan, and through successive offices entered the capital as Vice Minister of the Court of the Imperial Treasury, Directly Attached to the Dragon Diagram Hall, and Vice Transport Commissioner of Hebei; he was promoted to Attendant-in-Waiting of the Hall of Splendid Learning and Overall Transport Commissioner.

伐燕之役，頤浩以轉輸隨種師道至白溝。既得燕山，郭藥師眾二萬，契丹軍萬餘，皆仰給縣官，詔以頤浩為燕山府路轉運使。頤浩奏：「開邊極遠，其勢難守，雖窮力竭財，無以善後。」又奏燕山、河北危急五事，願博議久長之策。徽宗怒，命褫職貶官，而領職如故；尋復焉。進徽猷閣直學士。金人入燕，郭藥師劫頤浩與蔡靖等以降。敵退得歸，復以為河北都轉運使，以病辭，提舉崇福宮。

In the campaign against Yan, Yihao served as transport commissioner and followed Zhong Shidao to Baigou. After Yan Mountain was taken, Guo Yaoshi's force of twenty thousand and Khitan troops of more than ten thousand all depended on state provision; an edict appointed Yihao Transport Commissioner of the Yan Mountain Prefecture Circuit. Yihao memorialized: "Opening the frontier to the farthest reaches—the situation is hard to defend. Even if we exhaust strength and drain wealth, there is no way to manage the aftermath." He also memorialized five urgent matters concerning Yan Mountain and Hebei, wishing for broad discussion of a long-term strategy. Emperor Huizong was angry and ordered his office stripped and rank reduced, yet he continued in his post as before; before long both were restored. He was advanced to Academician Expositor of the Hall of Splendid Learning. When the Jurchens took Yan, Guo Yaoshi captured Yihao, Cai Jing, and others and forced them to surrender. When the enemy withdrew he made his way home and was reappointed Chief Transport Commissioner of Hebei, but he declined citing illness and accepted the post of Supervisor of the Chongfu Palace instead.

高宗即位，除知揚州。車駕南幸，頤浩入見，除戶部侍郎兼知揚州，進戶部尚書。劇賊張遇眾數萬屯金山，縱兵焚掠。頤浩單騎與韓世忠造其壘，說之以逆順，遇黨釋甲降。進吏部尚書。

After Emperor Gaozong took the throne, Yihao was appointed prefect of Yangzhou. When the emperor moved south, Yihao had an audience and was made Vice Minister of Revenue and concurrent prefect of Yangzhou, then promoted to Minister of Revenue. The notorious rebel Zhang Yu led tens of thousands of men encamped at Jinshan, sending his troops out to burn and loot. Yihao rode alone with Han Shizhong to the rebel camp and argued the right and wrong of their cause; Zhang Yu's followers thereupon disarmed and surrendered. He was promoted to Minister of Personnel.

建炎二年，金人逼揚州，車駕南渡鎮江，召從臣問去留。頤浩叩頭願且留此，為江北聲援；不然，敵乘勢渡江，事愈急矣。駕幸錢塘，拜同簽書樞密院事、江淮兩浙制置使，還屯京口。金人去揚州，改江東安撫、制置使兼知江寧府。

In the second year of Jianyan (1128), as Jurchen forces closed on Yangzhou, the emperor crossed the Yangtze to Zhenjiang and summoned his ministers to ask whether they should remain or withdraw. Yihao kowtowed and urged that they stay put for now to maintain a hold in the north and keep pressure on the enemy from across the river; otherwise the enemy would ride their momentum across the Yangtze and the crisis would only worsen. When the court moved to Qiantang, he was appointed Co-signer of the Bureau of Military Affairs and Commissioner for Jianghuai and Liang-Zhe, then withdrew to encamp at Jingkou. After the Jurchens withdrew from Yangzhou, he was reassigned as Jiangdong Pacification and Military Affairs Commissioner and concurrent prefect of Jiangning.

時苗傅、劉正彥為逆，逼高宗避位。頤浩至江寧，奉明受改元詔赦，會監司議，皆莫敢對。頤浩曰：「是必有兵變。」其子抗曰：「主上春秋鼎盛，二帝蒙塵沙漠，日望拯救，其肯遽遜位於幼沖乎？灼知兵變無疑也。」頤浩即遣人寓書張浚曰：「時事如此，吾儕可但已乎？」浚亦謂頤浩有威望，能斷大事，書來報起兵狀。頤浩乃與浚及諸將約，會兵討賊。時江寧士民洶懼，頤浩乃檄楊惟忠留屯，以安人心。且恐苗傅等計窮挾帝繇廣德渡江，戒惟忠先為控扼備。俄有旨，召頤浩赴院供職。上言：「今金人乘戰勝之威，群盜有蜂起之勢，興衰撥亂，事屬艱難，豈容皇帝退享安逸？請亟復明辟，以圖恢復。」遂以兵發江寧，舉鞭誓眾，士皆感厲＃

At that time Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan rose in rebellion and compelled Emperor Gaozong to abdicate. When Yihao arrived at Jiangning, he received the pardon edict announcing the new reign title Mingshou and convened the circuit supervisors to discuss it—but none dared speak. Yihao said, "There must have been a military mutiny." His son Kang said, "The emperor is in the prime of life; the two captive emperors languish in the desert, and the court daily awaits their rescue—would he truly step aside so hastily for a child? It is unmistakably a mutiny." Yihao immediately sent Zhang Jun a letter asking, "Affairs have come to this—can men like us simply do nothing? Zhang Jun, for his part, regarded Yihao as a figure of authority capable of decisive action, and wrote back with word that he was mobilizing. Yihao then joined Jun and the other generals in a pact to converge their forces and crush the rebels. With the people of Jiangning in uproar, Yihao ordered Yang Weizhong to hold his position in the city to steady public morale. He also feared that Miao Fu's faction, driven to desperation, might seize the emperor and flee across the river via Guangde, and so warned Weizhong to secure the crossing in advance. Before long an imperial order summoned Yihao back to the Bureau of Military Affairs. He memorialized: "The Jurchens are riding high on victory, rebels are gathering like swarming bees, and the task of reviving the dynasty amid chaos could hardly be more arduous—how can the emperor retire to ease and comfort? I beg that the rightful sovereign be restored at once so that we may pursue national recovery." He then marched out of Jiangning at the head of his army, raised his whip and pledged his oath before the assembled troops, and every man was stirred to fervor.

將至平江，張浚乘輕舟迓之，相持而泣，咨以大計。頤浩曰：「頤浩曩諫開邊，幾死宦臣之手；承乏漕挽，幾陷腥膻之域。今事不諧，不過赤族，為社稷死，豈不快乎？」浚壯其言。即舟中草檄，進韓世忠為前軍，張俊翼之，劉光世為遊擊，頤浩、浚總中軍，光世分軍殿後。頤浩發平江，傅黨托旨請頤浩單騎入朝。頤浩奏所統將士，忠義所激，可合不可離。傅等恐懼，乃請高宗復辟。師次秀州，頤浩勉勵諸將曰：「今雖反正，而賊猶握兵居內。事若不濟，必反以惡名加我，翟義、徐敬業可監也。」次臨平，苗傅等拒戰。頤浩被甲立水次，出入行陣，督世忠等破賊，傅、正彥引兵遁。頤浩等以勤王兵入城，都人夾道聳觀，以手加額。

Near Pingjiang, Zhang Jun met him in a light skiff; the two clasped each other in tears and laid out their overall strategy. Yihao said, "I once warned against opening the frontier and nearly perished at the hands of palace eunuchs; I then took charge of grain transport and nearly fell into enemy hands on the northern frontier. If we fail now, the worst that awaits is the annihilation of my clan—what happier end than to die for the realm? Zhang Jun was heartened by his resolve. On the spot he drafted a proclamation aboard the boat: Han Shizhong would lead the vanguard, Zhang Jun would cover his flank, Liu Guangshi would serve as mobile striker, Yihao and Jun would command the center, and Guangshi would bring up the rear with a detached force. As Yihao marched from Pingjiang, Miao Fu's faction sent word—in the emperor's name—asking him to ride in alone. Yihao replied that the troops under his command, fired by loyalty and righteousness, could stand together but must not be split apart. Miao Fu and his allies, alarmed, then petitioned for Emperor Gaozong's restoration. When the army encamped at Xiuzhou, Yihao urged his commanders: "Although the emperor has been restored, the rebels still hold their arms inside the capital. If we fail, they will turn the blame on us as traitors—let Zhai Yi and Xu Jingye be our warning." At Linping, Miao Fu and his allies offered battle. Yihao donned armor and took his stand on the riverbank, moving through the ranks to direct Han Shizhong and the others in crushing the rebels; Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan fled with their troops. Yihao and his army entered the capital as deliverers; townspeople lined the streets in wonder, their hands pressed to their brows in relief.

朱勝非罷相，以頤浩守尚書右僕射、中書侍郎兼禦營使，改同中書門下平章事。車駕幸建康，聞金人復入，召諸將問移蹕之地，頤浩曰：「金人謀以陛下所至為邊面，今當且戰且避，奉陛下于萬全之地，臣願留常、潤死守。」上曰：「朕左右不可以無相。」乃以韓世忠守鎮江，劉光世守太平。駕至平江，聞杜充敗績，上曰：「事迫矣，若何？」頤浩遂進航海之策。

When Zhu Shengfei was removed as chief councilor, Yihao was made Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Vice Director of the Secretariat, and Commissioner of the Imperial Camp, and elevated to Grand Councilor. When the court reached Jiankang and word came that the Jurchens had crossed in again, the emperor asked his generals where to relocate the court. Yihao said, "The enemy means to turn wherever Your Majesty goes into the front line. We must fight as we withdraw and conduct Your Majesty to safety. I myself will stay behind at Changzhou and Runzhou and hold them to the death. The emperor replied, "I cannot be without a chief councilor at my side. Han Shizhong was ordered to hold Zhenjiang and Liu Guangshi Taiping. When the court reached Pingjiang and news arrived of Du Chong's rout, the emperor said, "The crisis is upon us—what are we to do? Yihao then proposed fleeing by sea.

初，建炎禦營使本以行幸總齊軍政，而宰相兼領之，遂專兵柄，樞府幾無所預。頤浩在位尤顓恣，趙鼎論其過。四年，移鼎為翰林學士、吏部尚書。鼎辭，且攻頤浩，章十數上，頤浩求去。除鎮南軍節度、開府儀同三司、醴泉觀使，詔以頤浩倡義勤王，故從優禮焉。

Originally the Imperial Camp Commissioner was created to centralize military affairs during the imperial flight; but because the chief councilor also held the post, he monopolized command and the Bureau of Military Affairs was left with almost nothing to do. In office Yihao was especially high-handed and domineering, and Zhao Ding denounced his abuses. In the fourth year Zhao Ding was moved to Academician of the Hanlin Academy and Minister of Personnel. Zhao Ding refused the appointment and launched a sustained attack on Yihao, submitting more than a dozen memorials; Yihao asked to resign. He was made Military Commissioner of the Zhennan Army, Commissioner with Ceremonial Parity of the Three Excellencies, and Commissioner of the Liquan Abbey—the edict citing his leadership in the righteous campaign to rescue the emperor as grounds for the generous treatment.

奉化賊將璉乘亂為變，劫頤浩置軍中，高宗以頤浩故，赦而招之。尋除江東安撫、制置大使兼知池州。頤浩請兵五萬屯建康等處，又請王?燮、巨師古兵自隸。將之鎮，而李成遣將馬進圍江州。乃駐軍鄱陽，會楊惟忠兵，請與俱趨南康，遣師古救江州。賊眾鏖戰，頤浩、惟忠失利，師古敗奔洪州。頤浩乞濟師討李成，高宗曰：「頤浩奮不顧身，為國討賊，群臣所不及，但輕進，其失也。」詔王?燮以萬人速往策應。頤浩復軍左蠡，又得閣門舍人崔增之眾萬餘，軍勢復振。命?燮、增擊賊，敗之，乘勝至江州，則馬進已陷城矣。朝廷命張俊為招討使，俊既至，遂敗馬進。進遁，成以余眾降劉豫。

The Fenghua rebel commander Lian exploited the chaos to revolt, seized Yihao, and held him in camp; for Yihao's sake the emperor pardoned the rebel and offered to take him back into service. Soon afterward he was appointed Jiangdong Pacification and Military Affairs Grand Commissioner and concurrent prefect of Chizhou. Yihao asked for fifty thousand men to garrison Jiankang and neighboring posts, and requested that the forces of Wang Xie and Ju Shigu be placed under his personal command. Just as he was setting out for his post, Li Cheng dispatched his general Ma Jin to besiege Jiangzhou. He halted at Poyang, combined forces with Yang Weizhong, asked to advance together on Nankang, and sent Ju Shigu to relieve Jiangzhou. In fierce combat the rebels gained the upper hand—Yihao and Weizhong were beaten, and Ju Shigu was routed and fled to Hongzhou. Yihao requested reinforcements to bring Li Cheng to heel. Emperor Gaozong said, "Yihao has thrown himself into the fight for the realm as no other minister has—but rash advance is his failing. An edict ordered Wang Xie to march ten thousand men to his aid at once. Yihao regrouped at Zuoli and picked up another ten thousand-odd men under the Gatehouse Attendant Cui Zeng, and his army's strength revived. He sent Wang Xie and Cui Zeng against the rebels and routed them, but when they pressed on to Jiangzhou they found Ma Jin had already taken the city. The court appointed Zhang Jun pacification commissioner; when he arrived he routed Ma Jin. Ma Jin fled, and Li Cheng surrendered his remaining forces to Liu Yu.

詔以淮南民未復業，須威望大臣措置，以頤浩兼宣撫，領壽春府、徐廬和州、無為軍。招降趙延壽于分寧，得其精銳五千，分隸諸將。張琪自徽犯饒州，有眾五萬。時頤浩自左蠡班師，帳下兵不滿萬人，郡人惶駭。頤浩命其將閻皋、姚端、崔邦弼列陣以待。琪犯皋軍，皋力戰，端、邦弼兩軍夾擊，大破之。拜少保、尚書左僕射、同中書門下平章事兼知樞密院事。

An edict held that Huainan needed a minister of standing to set affairs in order, and made Yihao Pacification Commissioner with authority over Shouchun, Xu, Lu, Hezhou, and the Wuwei Army. At Fening he persuaded Zhao Yanshou to defect, took five thousand picked troops from him, and distributed them among his commanders. Zhang Qi marched from Huizhou against Raozhou at the head of fifty thousand men. Yihao was then withdrawing from Zuoli with fewer than ten thousand men under his banner, and the people of the prefecture were panic-stricken. Yihao ordered his generals Yan Gao, Yao Duan, and Cui Bangbi to draw up in battle order and stand ready. Zhang Qi hit Yan Gao's line; Gao fought hard while Yao Duan and Cui Bangbi struck from both sides and shattered the enemy. He was made Junior Guardian, Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Grand Councilor, and concurrently director of the Bureau of Military Affairs.

二年，上自越州還臨安。時桑仲在襄陽，欲進取京城，乞朝廷舉兵為聲援。頤浩乃大議出師，而身自督軍北向。高宗諭頤浩、秦檜曰：「頤浩治軍旋，檜理庶務，如種、蠡分職可也。」二人同秉政，檜知頤浩不為公論所與，多引知名士為助，欲傾之而擅朝權。高宗乃下詔以戒朋黨，除頤浩都督江、淮、荊、浙諸軍事，開府鎮江。頤浩辟文武士七十余人，以神武後軍及御前忠銳崔增、趙延壽二軍從行，百官班送。頤浩次常州，延壽軍叛，劉光世殲其眾；又聞桑仲已死，遂不進，引疾求罷。詔還朝，以知紹興府朱勝非同都督諸軍事。

In the second year of his reign the emperor returned from Yuezhou to Lin'an. Sang Zhong was then at Xiangyang, planning a push on the old capital, and asked the court for troops to support him. Yihao launched a major debate over taking the field and personally directed the northern advance. Emperor Gaozong told Yihao and Qin Hui, "Let Yihao oversee the military withdrawal and Hui manage civil affairs—as when Wen and Fan divided their roles, that will suffice. The two shared power, but Qin Hui knew Yihao lacked public support and recruited prominent scholars to bolster himself, aiming to oust Yihao and seize control of the court. The emperor then issued an edict warning against factionalism, made Yihao grand commander of all military affairs in the Jiang, Huai, Jing, and Zhe regions, and established his headquarters at Zhenjiang. Yihao took on more than seventy civil and military advisers and set out with the Shenwu Rear Army and the Imperial Front Loyal Elite forces under Cui Zeng and Zhao Yanshou; the entire bureaucracy turned out to see him off. At Changzhou, Zhao Yanshou's troops mutinied and Liu Guangshi wiped them out; learning then that Sang Zhong was dead, he halted the advance, pleaded illness, and asked to be relieved. He was recalled to court and Zhu Shengfei, prefect of Shaoxing, was appointed co-commander of all military affairs.

頤浩既還，欲傾秦檜，乃引勝非為助。給事中胡安國論勝非必誤大計，勝非復知紹興府，尋以醴泉觀使兼侍讀。安國持錄黃不下，頤浩持命檢正諸房文字黃龜年書行。安國以失職求去，罷之。檜上章乞留安國，不報。侍御史江躋、左司諫吳表臣皆以論救安國罷，程瑀、胡世將、劉一止、張燾、林待聘、樓炤亦坐論檜黨斥，台省一空，遂罷檜相。

Back at court, Yihao sought to bring down Qin Hui and enlisted Shengfei as an ally. Supervising Policy Adviser Hu Anguo argued that Shengfei would ruin the grand strategy; Shengfei was sent back to govern Shaoxing and soon after made Commissioner of the Liquan Abbey and concurrent court reader. Hu Anguo withheld the draft edict; Yihao, invoking imperial authority, had the reviser of documents Huang Guinian sign and promulgate it. Hu Anguo, protesting that he had been stripped of his duties, asked to resign and was removed. Qin Hui memorialized asking that Hu Anguo be kept on; the emperor did not reply. Attending Censor Jiang Ji and Left Remonstrance Bureau Remonstrator Wu Biaochen were dismissed for defending Hu Anguo; Cheng Yu, Hu Shijiang, Liu Yizhi, Zhang Tao, Lin Daipin, and Lou Zhao were also ousted for attacking Qin Hui's faction; the censorate and remonstrance offices were emptied out, and Qin Hui was removed as chief councilor.

頤浩獨秉政，屢請興師復中原，謂：「太祖取天下，兵不過十萬，今有兵十六七萬矣。然自金人南牧，莫敢嬰其鋒。比年韓世忠、張俊、陳思恭、張榮屢奏，人有戰心，天將悔禍。又金人以中原付劉豫，三尺童子知其不能立國。願睿斷早定，決策北向。今之精銳皆中原人，恐久而消磨，他日難以舉事。」時盜賊稍息，頤浩請遣使循行郡國，平獄訟，宣德意。李綱宣撫湖南，頤浩言綱縱暴無善狀，請罷諸路宣撫之名，綱止為安撫使。時李光在江東，與頤浩書，言綱有大節，四夷畏服。頤浩稱光結黨，言者因論光，罷之。時方審量濫賞，頤浩時有縱舍，右司郎官王岡持不可，曰：「公秉國鈞，不平謂何。」

Yihao held sole power and repeatedly urged marching north to recover the Central Plain, arguing: "When Taizu conquered the realm he fielded fewer than a hundred thousand men; today we have a hundred and sixty or seventy thousand. Yet since the Jurchens swept south, no one has dared meet them head-on. In recent years Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun, Chen Sigong, and Zhang Rong have repeatedly urged action—the troops are ready to fight, and Heaven itself may be turning from disaster. Moreover, the Jurchens have handed the Central Plain to Liu Yu; even a child knows that puppet regime cannot last. I pray Your Majesty will decide swiftly and commit to a northern campaign. Our best troops are all northerners; if we wait too long their fighting spirit will fade and recovery will become far harder. With banditry finally easing, Yihao proposed sending envoys through the provinces to settle lawsuits and proclaim the emperor's goodwill. Li Gang was grand pacification commissioner for Hunan; Yihao charged that Gang had run wild without a single redeeming act, asked that the grand pacification title be abolished on every circuit, and reduced Gang to ordinary pacification commissioner. Li Guang, then in Jiangdong, wrote to Yihao praising Li Gang's moral stature and arguing that even foreign peoples respected him. Yihao accused Li Guang of factionalism; his critics took the cue and Li Guang was removed from office. The court was reviewing excessive enfeoffments and rewards; Yihao sometimes balked at stripping them. Right Department Bureau official Wang Gang objected: "You hold the scales of state—where is the fairness in this?"

頤浩再秉政凡二年，高宗以水旱、地震，下詔罪己求言，頤浩連章待罪。高宗一日謂大臣曰：「國朝四方水旱，無不上聞。近蘇、湖地震，泉州大水，輒不以奏，何也？」侍御史辛炳、殿中常同論其罪，遂罷頤浩為鎮南軍節度使、開府儀同三司、提舉洞霄宮，改特進、觀文殿大學士。五年，詔問宰執以戰守方略，頤浩條十事以獻，除湖南安撫、制置大使兼知潭州。時郴、衡、桂陽盜起，頤浩遣人悉平之。帝在建康，除頤浩少保、浙西安撫制置大使、知臨安府、行宮留守。明堂禮成，進封成國公。

In his second stint in power, spanning two years, floods, drought, and earthquakes moved the emperor to issue a self-reproach edict inviting criticism; Yihao submitted one memorial after another offering to accept blame. One day Emperor Gaozong told his ministers, "In this dynasty no flood or drought anywhere in the realm has ever gone unreported. Yet the earthquakes in Suzhou and Huzhou and the great flood at Quanzhou were never reported—why? Remonstrance Official Xin Bing and Palace Attendant-in-Ordinary Chang Tong joined in charging him; Lu Yihao was dismissed from the chief ministry and made Military Commissioner of the Zhennan Army, Grandee of the Palace with rank equal to the Three Excellencies, and Superintendent of the Tongxiao Palace, with his title changed to Special Advancement and Grand Academician of the Hall for Veneration of Culture. In the fifth year the emperor asked his chief councillors for plans of war and defense; Lu Yihao submitted a ten-point program and was appointed Hunan Pacification and Military Affairs Commissioner, concurrently Prefect of Tanzhou. When bandits broke out in Chen, Heng, and Guiyang, he dispatched forces and put down every outbreak. With the emperor at Jiankang, Lu Yihao was made Junior Mentor, Zhexi Pacification and Military Affairs Commissioner, Prefect of Lin'an, and Keeper of the Mobile Palace. After the Bright Hall ceremony was completed, he was promoted in rank to Duke of Cheng.

八年，上將還臨安，除少傅、鎮南定江軍節度使、江東安撫制置大使兼知建康府、行宮留守。頤浩引疾求去，除醴泉觀使。九年，金人歸河南地，高宗欲以頤浩往陝西，命中使召赴行在。頤浩以老病辭，且條陝西利害，謂金人無故歸地，其必有意。召趣赴闕，既至，以疾不能見，乃聽歸。未幾，卒，贈太師，封秦國公，諡忠穆。

In the eighth year, as the court prepared to return to Lin'an, he was appointed Junior Tutor, Military Commissioner of the Zhennan Dingjiang Army, Jiangdong Pacification and Military Affairs Commissioner, concurrently Prefect of Jiankang and Keeper of the Mobile Palace. Lu Yihao pleaded illness and asked to resign; he was given the post of Commissioner of the Liquan Abbey. In the ninth year, after the Jurchens returned Henan, Emperor Gaozong wanted to send Lu Yihao to Shaanxi and dispatched an imperial envoy to summon him to the mobile court. Lu Yihao declined on account of age and illness and laid out the strategic stakes in Shaanxi, arguing that the Jurchens would not surrender territory without ulterior motive. Urgently summoned to court, he arrived too ill to be received in audience and was allowed to go home. He died soon afterward and was posthumously made Grand Preceptor and Duke of Qin, with the posthumous name Loyal and Solemn.

頤浩有膽略，善鞍馬弓劍，當國步艱難之際，人倚之為重。自江東再相，胡安國以書勸其法韓忠獻，以至公無我為先，報復恩仇為戒，頤浩不能用。時軍用不足，頤浩與朱勝非創立江、浙、湖南諸路大軍月樁錢，於是郡邑多橫賦，大為東南患云。

Lu Yihao had boldness and strategic sense and was adept with horse, saddle, bow, and blade; in an age of national crisis, men looked to him as a mainstay. After he became chief councillor again in the east, Hu Anguo wrote urging him to take Han Qi as his model—putting public duty above private feeling and shunning score-settling—and Lu Yihao would not heed him. When army funds ran short, Lu Yihao and Zhu Shengfei instituted monthly apportionment levies for the main forces in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Hunan; counties and prefectures then piled on harsh taxes, and the southeast suffered greatly.

范宗尹

Fan Zongyin

范宗尹，字覺民，襄陽鄧城人。少篤學，工文辭。宣和三年，上舍登第。累遷侍御史、右諫議大夫。王雲使北還，言金人必欲得三鎮。宗尹請棄之以紓禍，言者非之，宗尹罷歸。張邦昌僭位，復其職，遣同路允迪詣康王勸進。

Fan Zongyin, styled Juemin, was a native of Dengcheng in Xiangyang. As a youth he applied himself to learning and excelled at literary composition. In Xuanhe 3 he passed the upper hostel examination. He rose through the ranks to Supervising Censor and Right Remonstrance Official. When Wang Yun returned from his mission to the north, he reported that the Jurchens would certainly insist on taking the Three Prefectures. Fan Zongyin urged surrendering the prefectures to ward off catastrophe; critics attacked the proposal, and he was dismissed and sent home. After Zhang Bangchang seized the throne, Fan Zongyin was restored to office and sent with Lu Yundi to persuade the Prince of Kang to take the throne.

建炎元年，李綱拜右僕射，宗尹論其名浮於實，有震主之威。不報，出知舒州。言者論宗尹嘗汙偽命，責置鄂州。既，召為中書舍人，遷御史中丞，拜參知政事。

In Jianyan 1, when Li Gang was made Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Fan Zongyin charged that his fame outran his ability and that he carried himself in a way that intimidated the throne. The court did not reply, and he was sent out to serve as Prefect of Shuzhou. Critics charged that Fan Zongyin had once been compromised by a usurper's commission, and he was demoted and posted to Ezhou. He was then recalled as Secretariat Drafting Official, promoted to Vice Censor-in-Chief, and appointed Vice Grand Councillor.

呂頤浩罷相，宗尹攝其位。時諸盜據有州縣，朝廷力不能制。宗尹言：「太祖收藩鎮之權，天下無事百五十年，可謂良法。然國家多難，四方帥守單寡，束手環視，此法之弊。今當稍復藩鎮之法，裂河南、江北數十州之地，付以兵權，俾蕃王室。較之棄地夷狄，豈不相遠？」上從其言。授宗尹通議大夫、守尚書右僕射、同中書門下平章事兼禦營使，時年三十。近世宰相年少，未有如宗尹者。

When Lu Yihao left the chief ministry, Fan Zongyin stepped in to fill the vacancy. Bandits then held prefectures and counties across the land, and the court lacked the power to dislodge them. Fan Zongyin said, "When Taizu stripped the military commissioners of their powers, the empire enjoyed a century and a half of peace—that was sound policy. But in our present troubles, frontier commanders and prefects are too few and too weak; they can only stand by helplessly—that is where the policy fails. We should now partly revive the military-commissioner system, carving out several dozen prefectures south of the Yellow River and north of the Huai, granting them military authority to defend the dynasty. Surely that is far preferable to simply yielding the land to foreign invaders?" The emperor accepted his proposal. Fan Zongyin was appointed Grandee for Proper Counsel, acting Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Co-ordinator of the Secretariat-Chancellery, and Commissioner of the Imperial Camp—at the age of thirty. No chief councillor in recent memory had been as young as Fan Zongyin.

宗尹奏以京畿東西、淮南、湖北地並分為鎮，授諸將，以鎮撫使為名；軍興，聽便宜從事。然李成、薛慶、孔彥舟、桑仲輩起於群盜，翟興、劉位土豪，李彥光、郭仲威皆潰將，多不能守其地。宗尹請有司討論崇、觀以來濫賞，修書、營繕、應奉、開河、免夫、獄空之類，皆厘正之。宣靖執政、圍城、明受偽命之人，反用赦申雪；徐秉哲、吳幵、莫儔等並量移；吳敏、王孝迪、耿南仲、孫覿、蔡懋等並敘復。侍郎季陵希宗尹意，乞詔宰執於罪累中選真材實能，量付以事。沈與求劾陵，因及宗尹，宗尹求去。上為罷與求，宗尹乃復視事。

Fan Zongyin proposed dividing the eastern and western capital regions, Huainan, and Hubei into separate jurisdictions and appointing generals to them as Pacification Commissioners; during wartime they would be allowed to act at their own discretion. Yet Li Cheng, Xue Qing, Kong Yanchuan, Sang Zhong, and others were former bandit chiefs; Zhai Xing and Liu Wei were local strongmen; Li Yanguang and Guo Zhongwei were broken generals—and most proved unable to keep their assigned territories. Fan Zongyin asked the appropriate offices to review excessive rewards granted since the Chongning and Xuanhe reigns—book projects, construction, tribute missions, canal work, corvée exemptions, claims of empty prisons, and the like—and set them right. Men who had governed during the Xuanhe and Jingkang crises, who had been involved in the siege of the capital, or who had openly accepted forged commissions were instead rehabilitated through amnesties; Xu Bingzhe, Wu Kai, Mo Chou, and others were merely transferred to lesser posts; while Wu Min, Wang Xiaodi, Geng Nanzhong, Sun Di, Cai Mao, and others were fully restored to rank. Vice Minister Ji Ling, seeking to please Fan Zongyin, asked that the chief councillors be ordered to pick men of real talent from among those with blemished records and employ them according to their abilities. Shen Yuqiu impeached Ji Ling and by extension attacked Fan Zongyin, who then asked to resign. The emperor removed Shen Yuqiu to placate him, and Fan Zongyin returned to office.

初，宗尹廷對，詳定官李邦彥特取旨置宗尹乙科，宗尹德之，贈邦彥觀文殿大學士。樞密院副都承旨闕，宗尹擬刑煥、藍公佐、辛道宗三人，煥戚里，公佐管客省，道宗不知兵，人以此咎宗尹。密院計議官王佾結公佐，宗尹請除佾為宗正丞，侍御史張延壽劾之，上罷佾。

Earlier, at Fan Zongyin's palace examination, Assessing Official Li Bangyan had obtained a special imperial order placing him in the second rank; grateful, Fan Zongyin later posthumously granted Bangyan the title Grand Academician of the Hall for Veneration of Culture. When the deputy chief palace liaison post at the Bureau of Military Affairs fell vacant, Fan Zongyin nominated Xing Huan, Lan Gongzuo, and Xin Daozong—Huan was an imperial in-law, Gongzuo ran the guest reception office, and Daozong was ignorant of military affairs—and critics held Fan Zongyin responsible. Wang Yi, a planning officer at the Bureau of Military Affairs, cultivated ties with Lan Gongzuo; Fan Zongyin sought to appoint Wang Yi Vice Director of the Directorate of Imperial Clans, but Supervising Censor Zhang Yanshou impeached him and the emperor removed Wang Yi from office.

宗尹有才智，當北敵肆行之沖，毅然自任，建議分鎮，以是得相位。然其置帥多授劇盜，又無總率統屬，且不遣援，不通餉，故諸鎮守鮮能久存者。及為政多私，屢為議者所詆云。

Fan Zongyin was clever and capable; as the northern foe pressed hard on the frontier, he boldly shouldered responsibility, proposed the division of military jurisdictions, and thereby won the chief ministry. Yet he mostly installed notorious bandit leaders as commanders, provided no unified chain of command, sent no reinforcements, and forwarded no supplies—so few of his regional defenders lasted long. He also governed with heavy favoritism and was repeatedly attacked by critics.

範致虛

Fan Zhixu

範致虛，字謙叔，建州建陽人。舉進士，為太學博士。鄒浩以言事斥，致虛坐祖送獲罪，停官。徽宗嗣位，召見，除左正言，出通判郢州。崇甯初，以右司諫召，道改起居舍人，進中書舍人。蔡京建請置講議司，引致虛為詳定官，議不合，改兵部侍郎。自是入處華要，出典大郡者十五年。以附張商英，貶通州。政和七年，復官，入為侍讀、修國史，尋除刑部尚書、提舉南京鴻慶宮。

Fan Zhixu, styled Qianshu, was a native of Jianyang in Jianzhou. He passed the jinshi examination and became an Erudite of the Imperial Academy. When Zou Hao was banished for speaking out, Fan Zhixu was punished for seeing him off on his journey and was stripped of office. After Huizong ascended the throne, he was summoned to audience, appointed Left Rectifier, and dispatched as Vice Prefect of Ezhou. At the start of the Chongning era he was recalled as Right Remonstrance Official of the Department of State Affairs; before he arrived his appointment was changed to Palace Recorder, and he was promoted to Secretariat Drafting Official. Cai Jing proposed creating the Deliberation Office and brought Fan Zhixu in as an assessing official; when they disagreed, Fan Zhixu was transferred to Vice Minister of War. For the next fifteen years he moved between high central offices and major prefectural commands. Because of his ties to Zhang Shangying, he was demoted and sent to Tongzhou. In Zhenghe 7 his rank was restored; he entered court as Lecturer-in-Waiting and Compiler of the National History, and soon became Minister of Justice and Superintendent of the Hongqing Palace at Nanjing.

初，致虛在講議司，延康殿學士劉昺嘗乘蔡京怒擠之。後王寀坐妖言系獄，事連昺論死，致虛爭之，昺得減竄，士論賢之。遷尚書右丞，進左丞。

While Fan Zhixu served in the Deliberation Office, Hanlin Academician Liu Bing had once exploited Cai Jing's displeasure to force him out. Later Wang Cai was jailed on charges of sorcery and seditious talk; the case dragged in Liu Bing, who was sentenced to death; Fan Zhixu intervened, Liu Bing's sentence was reduced to exile, and scholars praised Fan Zhixu for it. He was promoted to Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and then to Left Vice Director.

母喪逾年，起知東平府，改大名府。入見，時朝廷欲用師契丹，致虛言邊隙一開，必有意外之患。宰相謂其懷異。致虛乞終喪，從之。免喪，知鄧州，改河南府。中人規景華苑，欲奪故相富弼園宅。致虛言：「弼和戎有大功，使朝廷享百年之安，乃不保數畝之居邪？」弼園宅得不取。復移鄧州、提舉亳州明道宮。帝方好老氏，致虛希時好，營飭道宇，賜名煉真宮。

Recalled from mourning after more than a year, he was made Prefect of Dongping and then transferred to Daming Prefecture. When he appeared at court, the government was preparing to campaign against the Khitans; Fan Zhixu warned that once hostilities began at the frontier, unexpected disasters would follow. The chief councillors accused him of disloyal intent. Fan Zhixu asked to finish his mourning leave and was allowed to do so. After mourning he served as Prefect of Dengzhou and was then transferred to Henan Prefecture. A palace eunuch laid plans for the Jinghua Garden and sought to confiscate the garden estate of the former chief councillor Fu Bi. Fan Zhixu said, "Fu Bi's peace with the Khitans brought the court a century of security—are we now to deny him even a few acres of home?" Fu Bi's garden estate was spared. He was transferred again to Dengzhou and made Superintendent of the Mingdao Palace at Bozhou. The emperor was then devoted to Daoism; Fan Zhixu played to the fashion, built and refurbished a Daoist temple, and received the imperial name Lianzhen Abbey.

靖康元年，召赴闕，道除知京兆府。時金人圍太原，聲震關中，致虛修戰守備甚力。朝廷命錢蓋節制陝西，除致虛陝西宣撫使。金人分道再犯京師，詔致虛會兵入援。錢蓋兵十萬至潁昌，聞京師破而遁，西道總管王襄南走。致虛獨與西道副總管孫昭遠合兵，環慶帥臣王似、熙河帥臣王倚以兵來會。致虛合步騎號二十萬，以右武大夫馬昌祐統之，命杜常將民兵萬人趨京師，夏俶將萬人守陵寢。

In Jingkang 1 he was summoned to the capital and, while still en route, was appointed Prefect of Jingzhao. As the Jurchens besieged Taiyuan and panic spread through Guanzhong, Fan Zhixu worked tirelessly to prepare the region for war and siege. The court put Qian Gai in overall command of Shaanxi and appointed Fan Zhixu Pacification Commissioner of Shaanxi. When the Jurchens struck the capital again on multiple fronts, an edict ordered Fan Zhixu to assemble troops and march to its relief. Qian Gai's force of one hundred thousand reached Yingchang, learned that the capital had fallen, and fled; Western Route Commander Wang Xiang also broke south. Fan Zhixu alone combined with Western Route Deputy Commander Sun Zhaoyuan, while the commissioners of Huanqing and Xihe, Wang Si and Wang Yi, marched to join him. Fan Zhixu mustered infantry and cavalry said to number two hundred thousand under Right Martial Grandee Ma Changyou, sent Du Chang with ten thousand militia toward the capital, and Xia Shu with ten thousand to guard the imperial tombs.

兵有僧趙宗印者，喜談兵，席益薦之。致虛以便宜假官，俾充宣撫司參議官兼節制軍馬。致虛以大軍遵陸，宗印以舟師趨西京。金人破京師，遣人持登城不下之詔，以止入援之師，致虛斬之。初，金人守潼關，致虛奪之，作長城，起潼關迄龍門，所築僅及肩。宗印又以僧為一軍，號「尊勝隊」，童子行為一軍，號「淨勝隊」。致虛勇而無謀，委己以聽宗印。宗印徒大言，實未嘗知兵。至是，宗印舟師至三門津，致虛使整兵出潼關。金守臣高世由謂其帥粘罕曰：「致虛儒者，不知兵，遣斥候三千，自足殺之。」致虛軍出武關，至鄧州千秋鎮，金將婁宿以精騎沖之，不戰而潰，死者過半。杜常、夏俶先遁，致虛斬之。孫昭遠、王似、王倚等留陝府，致虛收餘兵入潼關。方致虛之鼓行出關也，裨將李彥仙曰：「行者利速，多為支軍，則舍不至淹，敗不至覆。若眾群聚而出殽、澠，一蹴於險，則皆潰矣。」致虛不聽，遂底於敗。

In the army was a monk named Zhao Zongyin who loved to talk of war; Xi Yi recommended him. Fan Zhixu granted him a provisional appointment by special authority and made him planning officer of the pacification commission with concurrent command of the forces. Fan Zhixu marched the main force by land while Zhao Zongyin took the river fleet toward the Western Capital. After the Jurchens captured the capital they sent envoys with an edict ordering the city not to resist, hoping to halt the relief columns; Fan Zhixu had the bearers executed. The Jurchens had held Tong Pass; Fan Zhixu recaptured it and built a long rampart from Tong Pass to Longmen, though the work rose only to shoulder height. Zhao Zongyin also organized a monk corps called the Honored Victory Detachment and a corps of boy acolytes called the Pure Victory Detachment. Fan Zhixu was bold but not shrewd and left all decisions to Zhao Zongyin. Zhao Zongyin talked big but in fact knew nothing of war. When Zhao Zongyin's fleet reached Sanmen Ford, Fan Zhixu drew up his troops and marched out through Tong Pass. The Jin officer Gao Shiyou told his commander Nianhan, "Fan Zhixu is a bookish man who knows nothing of war—three thousand scouts will be enough to finish him off. Fan Zhixu's army marched out through Wu Pass to Qianqiu Post in Dengzhou, where the Jurchen general Wusu struck with elite cavalry; the Song force broke without a fight and more than half were killed. Du Chang and Xia Shu had fled first; Fan Zhixu had them beheaded. Sun Zhaoyuan, Wang Si, Wang Yi, and the others stayed at Shaanxi Prefecture while Fan Zhixu collected the survivors and pulled back into Tong Pass. As Fan Zhixu was beating drums and marching out of the pass, staff general Li Yanxian warned, "An army on the move needs speed; send out many detachments so supply camps are not held up and a setback does not become a rout. If the whole force crowds through Yao and Mian and is hit once in the defiles, everyone will scatter." Fan Zhixu refused to listen and marched straight to disaster.

高宗即位，言者論其逗撓不進，徙知鄧州。尋加觀文殿學士，復知京兆府；致虛力辭，而薦席益、李彌大、唐重自代。詔以重守京兆，致虛復知鄧州。次年，宗印領兵出武關，與致虛合。會金將銀朱兵壓境，致虛遁，宗印兵不戰走，轉運使劉汲力戰死焉。致虛坐落職，責授安遠軍節度副使，英州安置。高宗幸建康，召復資政殿學士、知鼎州。行至巴陵卒，贈銀青光祿大夫。

After Gaozong took the throne, critics accused Fan Zhixu of dawdling and failing to advance, and he was transferred to Prefect of Dengzhou. Soon afterward he was made Academician of the Hall for Veneration of Culture and again appointed Prefect of Jingzhao; Fan Zhixu firmly declined the post and recommended Xi Yi, Li Mida, and Tang Zhong to succeed him. By edict Tang Zhong was put in charge of Jingzhao, and Fan Zhixu was again appointed Prefect of Dengzhou. The following year Zhao Zongyin led his troops out through Wu Pass and united with Fan Zhixu. When the Jurchen general Yinzhu brought his army to the frontier, Fan Zhixu fled, Zhao Zongyin's force withdrew without a fight, and Transport Commissioner Liu Ji died fighting. Fan Zhixu was dismissed from office, reduced to Vice Military Commissioner of the Anyuan Army, and posted to Yingzhou. When Gaozong went to Jiankang, Fan Zhixu was recalled as Academician of the Hall for Administration of State Affairs and appointed Prefect of Dingzhou. He died at Baling en route and was posthumously granted the title Silver-Gleaming Grandee of Splendid Happiness.

呂好問

Lu Haowen

呂好問，字舜徒，侍講希哲子也。以蔭補官。崇甯初，治黨事，好問以元祐子弟坐廢。兩監東嶽廟，司揚州儀曹。時蔡卞為帥，欲扳附善類，待好問特異。好問以禮自持，卞不得親。及卞得政，當時據屬拔擢略盡，獨好問留滯，卞諷之曰：「子少親我，即階顯列矣。」好問笑不答。

Lu Haowen, styled Shuntu, was the son of the Director of Lectures, Lu Xizhe. He received his first appointment through inherited privilege. At the start of the Chongning era, when factional cases were prosecuted, Lu Haowen was removed from office as a Yuanyou partisan. He twice superintended the Eastern Peak Temple and served as Master of Protocol in Yangzhou. While Cai Bian was military commissioner, he sought to attach good men to himself and treated Lu Haowen with unusual regard. Lu Haowen held himself aloof with proper decorum, and Bian could not win his intimacy. Once Bian took power, he had promoted nearly every man in his circle; only Lu Haowen still languished in a minor post. Bian insinuated, "Had you only befriended me, you would long since have reached the highest ranks." Lu Haowen smiled and said nothing.

靖康元年，以薦召為左司諫、諫議大夫，擢御史中丞。欽宗諭之曰：「卿元祐子孫，朕特用卿，令天下知朕意所向。」先是，徽宗將內禪，詔解黨禁，除新法，盡復祖宗之故。而蔡京黨戚根據中外，害其事，莫肯行。好問言：「時之利害，政之闕失，太上皇?旨備矣。雖使直言之士抗疏論列，無以過此，願一一施行之而已。」又言：「陛下宵衣旰食，有求治之意；發號施令，有求治之言。逮今半載，治效逾邈，良田左右前後，不能推廣德意，而陛下過於容養。臣恐淳厚之德，變為頹靡，且今不盡革京、貫等所為，太平無由可致。」欽宗鄉納。好問疏蔡京過惡，乞役海外，黜朋附之尤者以厲其餘。又建白削王安石王爵，正神宗配饗，褒表江公望，張庭堅、任伯雨、龔?等，除青苗之令，湔元符上書獲譴者，章前後疏十上。每奏對，帝雖當食，輒使畢其說。

In Jingkang 1, on recommendation he was called up as Left Remonstrance Official and Remonstrance Grandee, then elevated to Censor-in-Chief. Emperor Qinzong told him, "You come from a Yuanyou family; I am appointing you deliberately so the empire will know where my mind is set." Before this, as Huizong prepared to abdicate, he had issued an edict lifting the factional proscriptions, repealing the New Policies, and restoring the institutions of former emperors. Yet Cai Jing's faction and relatives had rooted themselves inside and outside the court, sabotaged the effort, and would not execute it. Lu Haowen said, "The pressing gains and losses of the age and the defects of policy—the Retired Emperor's edicts have already covered them completely. Even the frankest remonstrators could add nothing beyond what those edicts already say; I ask only that they be put into effect, one by one." He went on, "Your Majesty rises at dawn and eats late into the evening—you clearly mean to bring order to the realm; your proclamations and commands all speak of the same desire for good government. Yet six months have passed and results are farther off than ever; the worthy ministers around you have not carried your benevolent purpose into practice, while Your Majesty is too lenient toward them. I fear your native sincerity will decay into slackness; and unless everything done by Cai Jing, Tong Guan, and their kind is thoroughly undone, peace cannot be restored." Emperor Qinzong accepted the advice with approval." Lu Haowen submitted a memorial detailing Cai Jing's crimes and asked that he be exiled overseas and that the worst of his followers be removed to warn the others. He also urged stripping Wang Anshi of his princely rank, correcting the arrangement of Shenzong's spirit tablet in the ancestral temple, restoring honor to Jiang Gongwang, Zhang Tingjian, Ren Boyu, Gong Mao, and others, repealing the Green Sprouts law, and rehabilitating those punished for submitting memorials in the Yuanfu era—ten memorials in all, submitted one after another. Whenever Lu Haowen was received in audience, the emperor, even at mealtimes, always let him finish what he had to say.

時金人既退，大臣不復顧慮，武備益弛。好問言：「金人得志，益輕中國，秋冬必傾國復來，禦敵之備，當速講求。今邊事經畫旬月，不見施設，臣僚奏請皆不行下，此臣所深懼也。」及邊警急，大臣不知所出，遣使講解。金人佯許而攻略自如，諸將以和議故，皆閉壁不出。好問言：「彼名和而實攻，朝廷不謀進兵遣將，何也？請亟集滄、滑、邢、相之戍，以遏奔沖，而列勤王之師於畿邑，以衛京城。」疏上不省。

Although the Jurchens had already pulled back, the chief ministers ceased to worry about defense, and military preparations grew laxer by the day. Lu Haowen warned, "Emboldened by success, the Jurchens hold the Song in ever greater contempt; come autumn and winter they will surely return in full force. Defensive preparations must be debated and put in place at once. Border plans have been under discussion for months without a single measure being carried out; memorials from officials never receive approval—this is what terrifies me." When the border crisis sharpened, the chief ministers were at a loss and dispatched envoys to negotiate. The Jurchens pretended to agree while pressing their attacks; trusting in the talks, the generals kept their gates closed and refused to fight. Lu Haowen asked, "They call it peace while they make war—why does the court not mobilize armies and send out commanders? I urge you to concentrate the garrisons of Cang, Hua, Xing, and Xiang at once to check enemy thrusts, and to station the relief armies from the capital districts around the city to protect the throne." The memorial was submitted and ignored.

金人陷真定，攻中山，上下震駭，廷臣狐疑相顧，猶以和議為辭。好問率臺屬劾大臣畏懦誤國，出好問知袁州。欽宗憫其忠，下遷吏部侍郎。既而金人薄都城，欽宗思好問言，進兵部尚書。都城失守，召好問入禁中，軍民數萬斧左掖門求見天子，好問從帝御樓諭遣之。衛士長蔣宣帥其徒數百，欲邀乘輿犯圍而出，左右奔竄，獨好問與孫傅、梅執禮侍，宣抗聲曰：「國事至此，皆宰相信任奸臣，不用直言所致。」傅呵之。宣以語侵傅，好問曉之曰：「若屬忘家族，欲冒重圍衛上以出，誠忠義。然乘輿將駕，必甲乘無闕而後動，詎可輕邪？」宣詘服曰：「尚書真知軍情。」麾其徒退。

When the Jurchens captured Zhending and attacked Zhongshan, the court was terrified; ministers glanced at one another in uncertainty, still invoking peace negotiations. Lu Haowen led the censorate in impeaching the chief ministers for cowardice and betrayal of the state—and was himself transferred out as Prefect of Yuanzhou. Emperor Qinzong, moved by his loyalty, merely reduced him to Vice Minister of Personnel. When the Jurchens closed on the capital, Emperor Qinzong remembered Lu Haowen's warnings and promoted him to Minister of War. After the capital was lost, Lu Haowen was called into the inner palace; tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians hacked their way to the Left Side Gate demanding to see the emperor; Lu Haowen accompanied the emperor to the tower and sent them away. The guard captain Jiang Xuan rallied several hundred men, intending to seize the imperial carriage and break out of the siege; the attendants scattered in panic, leaving only Lu Haowen, Sun Fu, and Mei Zhili at the emperor's side. Jiang cried out, "The state has come to this because the chief councillors put their faith in wicked men and refused to heed honest counsel!" Sun Fu rebuked him sharply. When Jiang's words turned abusive toward Sun Fu, Lu Haowen reasoned with him: "You men forget your families and would cut through the siege to escort the emperor to safety—that is genuine loyalty. But when the imperial carriage is to depart, armor and mounts must be fully ready before it moves—surely that cannot be rushed?" Jiang, chastened, said, "Minister, you truly understand military affairs." He ordered his men to withdraw.

帝再幸金營，好問實從，帝既留，遣好問還，尉拊都城。已而金人立張邦昌，以好問為事務官。邦昌入居都省，好問曰：「相公真欲立邪，抑姑塞敵意而徐為之圖爾？」邦昌曰：「是何言也？」好問曰：「相公知中國人情所向乎？特畏女真兵威耳。女真既去，能保如今日乎？大元帥在外，元祐皇太后在內，此殆天意，盍亟還政，可轉禍為福。且省中非人臣所處，宜寓直殿廬，毋令衛士俠陛。敵所遺袍帶，非戎人在旁，弛勿服。車駕未還，所下文書，不當稱聖旨。」以好問攝門下省。好問既系銜，仍行舊職。時邦昌雖不改元，而百司文移，必去年號，獨好問所行文書，稱「靖康二年」。吳幵、莫儔請邦昌見金使於紫宸、垂拱殿，好問曰：「宮省故吏驟見禦正衛，必將憤駭，變且不測，奈何？」邦昌矍然止。王時雍議肆赦，好問曰：「四壁之外，皆非我有，將誰赦？」乃先赦城中。

The emperor visited the Jurchen camp twice; Lu Haowen went with him; when the emperor was detained, he sent Lu Haowen back to pacify the capital. Before long the Jurchens installed Zhang Bangchang and made Lu Haowen one of his administrative officers. When Zhang Bangchang took up residence in the chief secretariat, Lu Haowen asked, "Do you truly mean to reign, or are you merely appeasing the enemy for the moment while you plan something else?" Zhang Bangchang replied, "What kind of talk is that?" Lu Haowen said, "Do you know where the hearts of the Chinese people truly lie? They submit only because they fear Jurchen military power. Once the Jurchens are gone, can you keep what you hold today? The Grand Marshal is abroad and the Yuanyou Empress Dowager is within the palace—this may well be Heaven's design. Why not restore power at once and turn disaster into blessing? Moreover, the chief secretariat is not where a subject should dwell; you ought to keep temporary quarters in the palace offices and not let armed guards stand at the imperial dais. As for the robe and belt the enemy bestowed on you, do not put them on casually unless Jurchen soldiers are present. The emperor has not yet returned; the documents you issue should not be styled imperial edicts." Lu Haowen was put in charge of the Gate Palace Secretariat on an acting basis. Even after receiving this added title, he continued to carry out his former responsibilities. Although Zhang Bangchang did not change the reign title, every office removed the era name from its documents—only Lu Haowen's papers still read "the second year of Jingkang." Wu Kai and Mo Chou wanted Zhang Bangchang to receive the Jurchen envoys in the Zichen and Chuigong halls; Lu Haowen objected, "Former palace officials who suddenly see the Imperial Regalia Guard in the audience hall will be enraged; unrest may erupt without warning—what then?" Zhang Bangchang, startled, abandoned the plan. When Wang Shiyong proposed a general amnesty, Lu Haowen said, "Outside these four walls nothing belongs to us—whom are we to pardon?" They therefore granted amnesty only within the city first.

始，金人謀以五千騎取康王，好問聞，即遣人以書白王，言：「大王之兵，度能擊則邀擊之，不然，即宜遠避。」且言：「大王若不自立，恐有不當立而立者。」既，又語邦昌曰：「天命人心，皆歸大元帥，相公先遣人推戴，則功無在相公右者。若撫機不發，他人聲義致討，悔可追邪？」於是邦昌謀遣謝克家奉傳國寶往大元帥府，須金人退乃發。金將將還，議留兵以衛邦昌。好問曰：「南北異宜，恐北兵不習風土，必不相安。」金人曰：「留一勃堇統之可也。」好問曰：「勃堇貴人，有如觸發致疾，則負罪益深。」乃不復留兵。金人既行，好問趣遣使詣大元帥府勸進，請元祐太后垂簾，邦昌易服歸太宰位。太后自延福宮入聽政。

Earlier the Jurchens had planned to seize the Prince of Kang with five thousand horsemen; when Lu Haowen learned of it, he at once sent a messenger with a letter telling the prince, "If your forces can engage them, intercept; if not, withdraw to a safe distance." He added, "If you do not take the throne yourself, I fear someone unworthy may be put in your place." Later he told Zhang Bangchang, "Heaven's mandate and the people's hearts both belong to the Grand Marshal; if you are the first to send men urging his enthronement, no one's achievement will exceed yours. If you let the moment pass and others rise in righteous protest against you, will regret avail you then?" Zhang Bangchang then planned to send Xie Kejia with the imperial seal and regalia to the Grand Marshal's headquarters, to be dispatched only after the Jurchens had withdrawn. As the Jurchen commanders prepared to withdraw, they debated leaving soldiers behind to protect Zhang Bangchang. Lu Haowen said, "North and south differ in climate and custom; northern troops unused to the south will not live at ease here." The Jurchens replied, "It would be enough to leave one bianjin in command." Lu Haowen said, "A bianjin is a man of high standing; if he fell ill here, the guilt would be all the greater." The Jurchens therefore decided not to leave any troops behind. After the Jurchens departed, Lu Haowen hastily sent envoys to the Grand Marshal urging him to take the throne, asked the Yuanyou Empress Dowager to assume the regency, and had Zhang Bangchang change out of imperial garb and resume his post as Grand Preceptor. The Empress Dowager moved from Yanfu Palace to the throne room to conduct affairs of state.

高宗即位，太后遣好問奉手書詣行在所，高宗勞之曰：「宗廟獲全，卿之力也。」除尚書右丞。丞相李綱以群臣在圍城中不能執節，欲悉按其罪。好問曰：「王業艱難，政宜含垢，繩以峻法，懼者眾矣。」侍御史王賓論好問嘗汙偽命，不可以立新朝。高宗曰：「邦昌僭號之初，好問募人齎白書，具道京師內外之事。金人甫退，又遣人勸進。考其心跡，非他人比。」好問自慚，力求去，且言：「邦昌僭號之時，臣若閉門潔身，實不為難。徒以世被國恩，所以受賢者之責，冒圍齎書于陛下。」疏入，除資政殿學士、知宣州、提舉洞霄宮，以恩封東萊郡侯。避地，卒于桂州。

When Gaozong ascended the throne, the Empress Dowager sent Lu Haowen with a personal letter to the temporary court; Gaozong praised him, saying, "That the ancestral temples survived is your doing." He was appointed Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs. Chief Councillor Li Gang, believing that officials who had remained in the besieged capital had failed to uphold their integrity, wanted to prosecute them all. Lu Haowen replied, "The founding of a dynasty is hard-won; this is a time to bear old stains; tighten the law now and you will frighten too many men." Remonstrating Attendant Censor Wang Bin charged that Lu Haowen had once accepted a usurper's appointment and was unfit to serve the new dynasty. Gaozong said, "At the outset of Zhang Bangchang's usurpation, Lu Haowen sent men bearing an open letter describing conditions inside and outside the capital. As soon as the Jurchens withdrew, he again sent men urging me to take the throne. Judging his intentions and actions, he stands apart from the others." Ashamed, Lu Haowen pressed hard to resign and wrote, "During Zhang Bangchang's usurpation, had I simply shut my doors and kept myself unstained, that would truly have been easy. Only because my family has enjoyed the state's favor for generations did I heed the rebuke of the worthy and risk the siege to deliver a letter to Your Majesty." When his memorial arrived, he was made Academician of the Hall for Administration of State Affairs, Prefect of Xuanzhou, and Supervisor of the Tongxiao Palace, and by special grace was enfeoffed as Marquis of Donglai. While living in exile he died at Guizhou.

子本中、揆中、弸中、用中、忱中。孫祖謙、祖儉。本中、祖謙、祖儉別有傳。

His sons were Lu Benzhong, Lu Kuizhong, Lu Pengzhong, Lu Yongzhong, and Lu Chenzhong. His grandsons were Lu Zu Qian and Lu Zu Jian. Lu Benzhong, Lu Zu Qian, and Lu Zu Jian are treated in separate biographies.

論曰：朱勝非、呂頤浩處苗、劉之變，或巽用其智，或震奮其威，其於復辟討賊之功，固有可言矣。然李綱、趙鼎當世之所謂賢者，而勝非、頤浩視之若冰炭然，其中之所存，果何如哉。范宗尹忍于汙張邦昌之偽命，而誣李綱以震主之威，何其繆於是非也。範致虛佞附權臣，大誼已失，其總勤王之師，輕而寡謀，以底於敗，宜哉。若呂好問處艱難之際，其跡與宗尹同，而屈己就事，以規興復，亦若勝非之處苗、劉，其心有足亮雲。

Commentary: In the Miao–Liu crisis, Zhu Shengfei and Lu Yihao—one supple in the use of intelligence, the other fierce in the exercise of authority—both had real merit in restoring the emperor and punishing the rebels. Yet Li Gang and Zhao Ding were regarded as the great men of their day, while Shengfei and Yihao treated them like mortal enemies—what, then, was really in their hearts? Fan Zongyin was willing to accept Zhang Bangchang's usurper's commission, yet smeared Li Gang to intimidate the throne—how twisted his judgment of right and wrong! Fan Zhixu flattered the mighty and had already forfeited the larger moral claim; that he commanded the relief armies yet acted rashly and without strategy, ending in ruin—that was only fitting. Lu Haowen, in the same desperate hour, walked a path outwardly like Fan Zongyin's, yet lowered himself to practical work in the hope of restoration—much as Zhu Shengfei had in the Miao–Liu affair; on that score his intentions stand clear enough to be judged favorably.

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