1
王友直李寶成閔趙密劉子羽呂祉胡世將鄭剛中
Wang Youzhi, Li Bao, Cheng Min, Zhao Mi, Liu Ziyu, Lu Zhi, Hu Shijiang, and Zheng Gangzhong
2
王友直
Wang Youzhi
3
王友直，字聖益，博州高平人。 父佐，以材武稱。 友直年十二，隨父游，諳兵法。
Wang Youzhi, whose style name was Shengyi, came from Gaoping in Bozhou. His father Wang Zuo was known for his ability and military skill. When he was twelve, Youzhi traveled with his father and learned the art of war.
4
紹興三十一年，金人渝盟，友直結豪傑，志恢復。 謂其眾曰：「權所以濟事，權歸於正，何害於理。」 乃矯制自擬承宣使、河北等路安撫制置使，餘擬官有差，遍諭州縣勤王。 未幾，得眾數萬，制為十三軍，軍置都統制、提舉、提點、提轄、訓練統之。 九月戊子，進攻大名，一鼓而克，撫定眾庶，諭以紹興年號。 乃與王任、馮谷、張升、牛汝霖列奏於朝，欲領眾南歸。 時金人尚在揚州，久不報。
In 1161, when the Jin broke the peace treaty, Youzhi gathered local heroes determined to recover the lost north. He told his followers, "Expedients exist to get things done; once an expedient serves the right cause, principle is not harmed." He then forged an imperial commission, naming himself Commissioner for the Propagation of Edicts and Pacification and Reorganization Commissioner for Hebei and other circuits, filled other offices as needed, and called on every prefecture and county to rise for the dynasty. Soon he had tens of thousands of followers, which he organized into thirteen armies, each with its own commander-in-chief, intendant, inspector, controller, and trainer. On the wuzi day of the ninth month he attacked Daming, captured it in a single assault, reassured the people, and announced the Shaoxing reign era. He then joined Wang Ren, Feng Gu, Zhang Sheng, and Niu Rulin in a joint memorial to the court, asking to bring their forces south. The Jin army was still at Yangzhou, and the court did not answer for a long time.
5
友直將由壽春涉淮而濟，道拜敕書勉以率眾搗敵腹心，掎角應援。 除友直檢校少保、天雄軍節度使，王任天平軍節度使，馮谷左通議大夫、徽猷閣直學士，張升右朝奉大夫、直秘閣，牛汝霖通直郎、直秘閣，職任各從舊，得便宜行事。 時三十二年正月一日也。
As Youzhi was preparing to cross the Huai from Shouchun, he received an imperial edict en route urging him to lead his men against the enemy's heartland and coordinate supporting strikes. Youzhi was made Acting Junior Guardian and Military Commissioner of the Tianxiong Army; Wang Ren Military Commissioner of the Tianping Army; Feng Gu Left Grandee for Discussion and Academician Expositor of the Huixian Pavilion; Zhang Sheng Right Grandee for Court Service and Academician of the Secretariat Pavilion; and Niu Rulin Gentleman for Direct Remonstrance and Academician of the Secretariat Pavilion. Each kept his former responsibilities and was granted discretionary authority. This took place on the first day of the first month of 1162.
6
旋與敵遇，相拒淮北； 敵兵來益眾，友直即率所部渡淮。 既而審金主亮已斃，所遇乃歸師，悔不襲擊之。 高宗視師江上，見於金陵，賜金帶、章服，錫賚及二子。 友直恥前功不遂，自陳，改復州防禦使，以忠義軍統制隸鎮江都統司。
Soon afterward he met the enemy and held them north of the Huai; but as Jin forces kept growing, Youzhi led his troops across the Huai. He then learned that the Jin emperor Wanyan Liang was already dead and that the troops he had faced were a retreating column; he regretted not having struck them. When Emperor Gaozong inspected the army on the Yangtze, he received Youzhi at Jinling and granted him a gold belt, court robes, gifts, and rewards for his two sons. Ashamed that his earlier campaign had not fully succeeded, Youzhi petitioned the throne and was reassigned Defender of Fuzhou, commanding the Loyal and Righteous Army under the Jiangdu headquarters.
7
越四月，詔偕統制張子蓋援海州。 方接戰，友直張一旗，大書「宋忠義將河北王九郎」以自表。 潛由小逕背敵陣，因其輜重，扼歸道橋，左右枕水。 張子蓋知友直已乘敵後，麾軍進擊，敵潰走，盡溺死，圍遂解。 轉宜州觀察使。
Four months later he was ordered to join Commander Zhang Zigai in relieving Haizhou. As the battle opened, Youzhi raised a banner reading "Song Loyal and Righteous General Wang the Ninth Son of Hebei" to announce himself. He stole along a side path behind the enemy, seized their baggage train, and blocked the bridge on their retreat route, with water on both sides. When Zhang Zigai saw that Youzhi had taken the enemy's rear, he ordered a frontal assault; the enemy broke and fled, drowning in great numbers, and the siege was lifted. He was promoted to Observer of Yizhou.
8
孝宗受禪，友直與統制宋寧數出奇轉戰。 張浚都督江、淮，一見喜之，辟建康前軍統制。 隆興二年九月，金人犯邊，宣諭使王之望命以前軍戍昭關，友直不逾時即行。 他軍同戍者，敵至，輒退保和州，友直孤軍堅守。 金兵駐黃山，鼓柝相聞，益整暇自持。
After Emperor Xiaozong took the throne, Youzhi and Commander Song Ning won repeated victories with daring maneuvers. Zhang Jun, supreme commander on the Yangtze and Huai, took an immediate liking to him and appointed him commander of the Jiankang vanguard. In the ninth month of 1164, when the Jin invaded the border, Commissioner Wang Zhiwang ordered the vanguard to hold Zhaoguan, and Youzhi marched at once. Other units stationed with him retreated to Hezhou as soon as the enemy appeared, but Youzhi held his isolated post. The Jin encamped at Huangshan within earshot of his drums and watches, yet he remained calm and resolute.
9
李寶，河北人。 嘗陷金，拔身從海道來歸。 金主亮渝盟，淮、浙奸民倪詢、梁簡等教金造舟，且為鄉導。 金使蘇保衡造舟於潞河。 明年，以保衡為統軍，將繇海道襲浙江。 諜聞，高宗謂宰臣曰：「李寶頃因召對，詢以北事，歷歷如數。 且以一介脫身還朝，陛對無一毫沮懾，是必能事者。」 乃授浙西路馬步軍副總管，駐劄平江，令與守臣督海舟捍禦。 高宗問：「舟幾何？」 曰：「堅全可涉風濤者，百二十艘。」 「兵幾何？」 曰：「僅三千，皆閩、浙弓弩手，非正兵也。 旗幟甲仗亦粗備。 事急矣，臣願亟發。」 賜寶衣帶、鞍馬、尚方弓刀、戈甲及銀絹萬數。
Li Bao was from Hebei. He had once been captured by the Jin but escaped and made his way back by sea. When the Jin emperor Wanyan Liang broke the treaty, local collaborators in Huai and Zhe such as Ni Xun and Liang Jian taught the Jin to build ships and guided them. The Jin sent Su Baoheng to build ships on the Lu River. The following year Su Baoheng was made commander-in-chief and was to attack Zhejiang by sea. When intelligence reached the court, Emperor Gaozong told his chief ministers, "When Li Bao was recently summoned, he answered every question about the north as if he had counted them out. And he escaped alone to return to court, showing not a trace of fear in audience—he is clearly a man who can get things done." He was therefore appointed Deputy Commander of the Zhexi Circuit Horse and Foot Army, stationed at Pingjiang, and ordered to work with local officials in preparing coastal defense. The emperor asked, "How many ships do you have?" He answered, "One hundred and twenty sturdy enough to face wind and waves." And how many men?" He said, "Only three thousand, all archers and crossbowmen from Fujian and Zhejiang—not regular troops. Banners, armor, and weapons are also roughly in order. The situation is urgent, and I beg to sail at once." The emperor granted him court robes and belt, saddle horse, imperial bows and blades, spears and armor, and large sums in silver and silk.
10
八月，次江陰，先遣其子公佐，謂曰：「汝為潛伺敵動靜虛實，毋誤。」 公佐受命，即與將官邊士甯偕往。 寶將啟行，軍士爭言西北風力尚勁，迎之非利。 寶下令，敢沮大計者斬。 遂發蘇州，大洋行三日，風甚惡，舟散不可收。 寶忼慨顧左右曰：「天以是試李寶邪？ 寶心如鐵石，不變矣。」 酹酒自誓，風即止。 明日，散舟復集。
In the eighth month he halted at Jiangyin and first sent his son Gongzuo, telling him, "Go spy out the enemy's movements and strength in secret—do not fail." Gongzuo accepted the mission and set out at once with the officer Bian Shining. As Bao was about to sail, his men protested that the northwest wind was still strong and that sailing into it would be unwise. Bao ordered that anyone who obstructed the plan would be executed. He sailed from Suzhou; after three days on the open sea a violent storm scattered the fleet beyond recovery. Bao looked around his men and said bitterly, "Is Heaven testing Li Bao? My heart is iron and will not change." He poured a libation and swore his resolve, and the wind died down. The next day the scattered ships reassembled.
11
士寧自密州回，得敵耗甚悉，且言公佐已挾魏勝得海州。 寶喜曰：「吾兒不負乃翁矣。」 士氣百倍，趣眾乘機進。 適大風復作，海濤如山，寶神色不為動； 風少殺，始縱舟泊抵東海。 敵已雲合，圍海州，旌麾數十里。 寶麾兵登岸，以劍畫地，令曰：「此非復吾境，力戰與否在汝等。」 因握槊前行，遇敵奮擊，將士賈勇，無不一當十。 敵出不意，亟引去。 勝出城迎，寶獎其忠義，勉以共立功名，勝感泣。 乃維舟犒士，遺辯者四出招納降附，聲振山東。 豪傑如王世修輩各署旗，集義勇，爭應援，多者數萬人。 寶列名上諸朝，檄所部會密之膠西，命公佐以郡事畀勝，與俱發。
Bian Shining returned from Mizhou with detailed intelligence and reported that Gongzuo, with Wei Sheng's help, had already taken Haizhou. Bao said with delight, "My son has not failed his father." Morale soared, and he pressed his men to advance while the moment was ripe. Just then another great storm arose and the waves rose like mountains, but Bao's expression did not change; when the wind eased he sailed on and anchored off the Eastern Sea. The enemy had already massed in clouds around Haizhou, their banners stretching for miles. Bao led his men ashore, drew a line in the ground with his sword, and said, "This is no longer our land—whether you fight with all your might is up to you." He seized his spear and charged forward; officers and men fought with such fury that each seemed worth ten. Caught by surprise, the enemy withdrew at once. Wei Sheng came out to welcome him; Bao praised his loyalty and urged him to share in winning glory together, and Sheng wept. He anchored to reward his men and sent four eloquent envoys in all directions to rally defectors; his fame resounded across Shandong. Local heroes such as Wang Shixiu raised their own banners, gathered volunteers, and rushed to join him—some with tens of thousands of men. Bao sent lists of names to the court, ordered his forces to assemble at Jiaoxi in Mizhou, left the prefecture to Gongzuo and Wei Sheng, and marched with them.
12
至膠西石臼島，敵舟已出海口，泊唐島，相距僅一山。 時北風盛，寶禱于石臼神。 俄有風自柂樓中來，如鐘鐸聲，眾鹹奮，引舟握刃待戰。 敵操舟者皆中原遺民，遙見寶船，紿敵兵入舟中，使不知王師猝至。 風駛舟疾，過山薄虜，鼓聲震疊，海波騰躍。 敵大驚，掣矴舉帆，帆皆油纈，彌亙數里，風浪卷聚一隅，窘束無復行次。
At Shijiu Island off Jiaoxi they found the enemy fleet already out of the harbor and anchored at Tang Island, only a mountain apart. The north wind was strong, and Bao prayed to the god of Shijiu. Soon a wind rose from the stern like the sound of bells; the men took heart, drew up their ships, gripped their weapons, and waited to fight. The enemy sailors were all former subjects of the Central Plains; seeing Bao's ships from afar, they lured the Jin troops aboard so they would not know the Song fleet had arrived. The wind drove them swiftly past the mountain toward the enemy; drums thundered and the sea churned. The enemy panicked, raised anchor and set sail—their oiled sails stretched for miles—but wind and waves swept them into a corner where they could no longer maneuver.
13
寶亟命火箭環射，箭所中，煙焰旋起，延燒數百艘。 火所不及者猶欲前拒，寶叱壯士躍登其舟，短兵擊刺，殪之舟中。 余所謂簽軍，盡中原舊民，皆登島垠，脫甲歸命，以故不殺。 然倉卒，舟不獲艤，溺死甚眾。 俘大漢軍三千餘人，斬其帥完顏鄭家奴等六人，禽倪詢等上於朝，獲其統軍符印與文書、器甲、糧斛以萬計。 餘物眾不能舉者，悉焚之，火四晝夜不滅。
Bao ordered fire-arrows shot in all directions; wherever they struck, flames rose and spread to hundreds of ships. Ships untouched by fire still tried to resist; Bao ordered his strongest men to board and kill the enemy in hand-to-hand fighting on deck. The tally troops were all former Central Plains subjects; they came ashore, cast off their armor, and surrendered, and so were spared. But in the confusion many ships could not be secured, and a great number drowned. They captured more than three thousand Han troops, beheaded six enemy commanders including Wanyan Zhengjianu, sent Ni Xun and other collaborators to court, and seized command seals, documents, weapons, armor, and grain by the tens of thousands. What they could not carry away they burned; the fire burned for four days and nights.
14
寶將乘勢席捲，公佐切諫，以為金主亮方濟淮，聞通、泰已陷，得遠失近，且有腹背憂。 乃還軍駐東海，視緩急為表裏援。 遣曹洋輕舟報捷。 上喜曰：「朕獨用李寶，果立功，為天下倡矣。」 詔獎諭，書「忠勇李寶」四字，表其旗幟。 除靜海軍節度使、沿海制置使，賜金器、玉帶。
Bao wanted to press the advantage, but Gongzuo urgently advised that Wanyan Liang was crossing the Huai and, hearing that Tongzhou and Taizhou had fallen, would face enemies both ahead and behind. Bao therefore withdrew to the Eastern Sea and stood ready to support the main front as circumstances required. He sent Cao Yang in a fast boat to report the victory. The emperor said with delight, "I trusted Li Bao alone, and he has indeed won a great victory—he will be the model for the whole realm." An edict praised him and inscribed the four characters "Loyal and Valiant Li Bao" on his banners. He was made Military Commissioner of the Jinghai Army and Coastal Reorganization Commissioner, and granted gold vessels and a jade belt.
15
亮聞膠西之敗，大怒，召諸酋約以三日渡江，於是內變殺亮。 向微唐島之捷，則亮之死未可期，錢唐之危可憂也。 寶之功亦大矣。
When Wanyan Liang heard of the defeat at Jiaoxi, he flew into a rage, summoned his chiefs, and vowed to cross the Yangtze within three days; an internal mutiny then killed him. Without the victory at Tang Island, Liang's death might never have come and Qiantang would have been in grave danger. Li Bao's achievement was truly great.
16
寶戰具精利，宰臣陳康伯取其長槍、克敵弓弩，俾所司為式制之。 卒，贈檢校少保。
Bao's weapons were exceptionally fine; Chief Minister Chen Kangbo ordered his long spears and enemy-defeating crossbows to be copied as standard issue. When he died he was posthumously made Acting Junior Guardian.
17
成閔，字居仁，邢州人。 靖康初，劉韐為真定帥，募勇士捍金兵，閔在麾下。 高宗即位，閔領數百騎至揚州。 會上南渡，韓世忠追苗傅及襲兀術、討範汝為，閔皆在戎行，又以力戰卻敵，積功至武功大夫、忠州刺史。
Cheng Min, whose style name was Juren, came from Xingzhou. Early in the Jingkang era Liu Ge was commander at Zhending and recruited warriors to resist the Jin; Min served under him. When Emperor Gaozong took the throne, Min led several hundred horsemen to Yangzhou. When the court fled south, Min fought in Han Shizhong's campaigns against Miao Fu, Wuzhu, and Fan Ruwei, and through repeated fierce combat rose to Grandee of Martial Achievement and Prefect of Zhongzhou.
18
從世忠入見，世忠指閔曰：「臣在南京，自謂天下當先，使當時見此人，亦避一頭矣。」 上嘉歎勞勉。 旋以取海州功，擢磁州團練使。 召見，賜袍帶、錦帛，加贈玉束帶。 時方與金盟，世忠罷兵，入為樞密使，詔進閔棣州防禦使、殿前游奕軍統制，曆遷保甯軍承宣使。
When he accompanied Shizhong to court, Shizhong pointed to him and said, "At Nanjing I thought myself the foremost fighter in the realm; had I met this man then, I would have stepped aside." The emperor praised and encouraged him warmly. Soon afterward, for capturing Haizhou, he was promoted to Militia Training Commissioner of Cizhou. When summoned to audience he was granted robes, belt, brocade and silk, and a jade belt as well. Peace had just been made with the Jin; Shizhong disbanded his army and became Vice Minister of the Secretariat; Min was promoted to Defender of Dizhou and Commander of the Palace Roaming Patrol Army, and later to Commissioner of the Baoning Army.
19
紹興二十四年，拜慶遠軍節度使。 尋丁母憂，詔起復，贈其母鄭國夫人。 金主亮將敗盟，詔閔提禁旅三萬鎮武昌，命湖北守、漕創砦屋三萬間以待之，發折帛米錢茶引共百四十余萬緡、義倉和糶米六十三萬石備軍用，仍賜金器、劍甲臨遣之。 閔至鄂，未幾，進屯應城縣。
In 1154 he was appointed Military Commissioner of the Qingyuan Army. Soon afterward he entered mourning for his mother; the court recalled him from mourning and posthumously granted his mother the title Lady of Zheng. When Wanyan Liang was about to break the treaty, Min was ordered to lead thirty thousand imperial guards to Wuchang; Hubei officials were told to build thirty thousand barracks, and more than 1.4 million strings in cash equivalents plus 630,000 shi of grain were set aside for the army; he was also sent off with gold vessels, swords, and armor. Min reached Ezhou and soon advanced to camp at Yingcheng County.
20
八月，除湖北、京西制置使，節制兩路軍馬。 九月，兼京西、河北招討使。 十一月，詔回援淮西。 閔喜於得歸，冒雨兼程趨建康，士卒多道死，朝廷所給犒師物奄歸己，不及士卒。 士卒有怨言，閔斬之。 未幾，除淮東制置使，駐鎮江。 既而言者論諸軍皆聚鎮江，恐敵出不意搗上流，於是詔閔發鄂州張成、華旺軍回駐鄂。
In the eighth month he was made Reorganization Commissioner for Hubei and Jingxi with command over both circuits' armies. In the ninth month he was also made Pacification Commissioner for Jingxi and Hebei. In the eleventh month he was ordered back to reinforce Huaixi. Glad to be heading home, Min rushed through rain day and night toward Jiankang; many soldiers died on the march; he kept the court's reward goods for himself and gave nothing to the men. When the men complained, he had them executed. Soon afterward he was made Reorganization Commissioner for Huaidong and stationed at Zhenjiang. Critics then warned that massing every army at Zhenjiang left the upper Yangtze exposed; the court ordered Min to send Zhang Cheng's and Hua Wang's forces from Ezhou back to E.
21
亮死，閔引兵渡江趨揚州。 及金人自盱眙渡淮北去，閔列兵南岸，軍士喏聲相聞。 金人笑之曰：「寄聲成太尉，有勤護送。」 時虜氣已奪，日虞王師之至，委棄戈甲、粟米山積，諸軍多仰以給。 惟閔軍多浙人，素不食粟，死者甚眾。
After Liang's death, Min crossed the river toward Yangzhou. When the Jin crossed back north from Xuyi, Min lined his men on the south bank while they shouted their approval across the ranks. The Jin laughed and called out, "Tell Grand Marshal Cheng we appreciate the escort." By then the enemy's morale was broken; they feared the Song army daily and abandoned mountains of weapons and grain, which many Song units lived on. Min's men, mostly from Zhejiang and unused to grain rations, suffered heavy deaths.
22
閔至泗州，奏已克復淮東。 尋入朝，，凡侍從、卿監、閣門、內侍，皆有賂遺。 左正言劉度劾之，猶超拜太尉，主管殿前司公事。 尋復為御史論列，罷太尉，婺州居住，奪慶遠節。 乾道初，聽自便，歸湖州； 尋詔復節，都統鎮江諸軍。 九年，請詞，致仕，治園第於平江。
At Sizhou he reported that Huaidong had been recovered. Soon afterward he came to court and bribed every attendant, minister, gate officer, and palace eunuch he met. Left Remonstrator Liu Du impeached him, yet he was still promoted to Grand Marshal and put in charge of the Palace Command. Censors soon attacked him again; he was stripped of the Grand Marshal title, ordered to live at Wuzhou, and lost his Qingyuan commission. Early in the Qiandao era he was allowed to go where he wished and returned to Huzhou. Soon afterward an edict restored his commission and made him overall commander at Zhenjiang. In the ninth year he asked to retire, left office, and built an estate at Pingjiang.
23
淳熙元年卒，年八十一。 贈開府儀同三司。 子十一人。
He died in 1174 at the age of eighty-one. He was posthumously made Grand Preceptor with Equal Ceremony to the Three Excellencies. He had eleven sons.
24
趙密字微叔，太原清源人。 政和四年，用材武試崇政殿，授河北隊將，戍燕。 高宗以大元帥開府，檄統先鋒援京師。
Zhao Mi, whose style name was Weishu, came from Qingyuan in Taiyuan. In 1114 he passed the talent-and-martial examination at the Chongzheng Hall, was made a squad leader in Hebei, and garrisoned Yan. When Emperor Gaozong opened his Grand Marshal headquarters, Mi was ordered to lead the vanguard to relieve the capital.
25
建炎元年，從張俊討任城寇李昱，俊輕騎先行，遇伏，密奔射斃數人，乃脫。 擢閣門祗候。 俊置靖勝軍，以密統之。 平賊董青、越萬、徐明等，累功轉武節郎、左軍統領。 金兵陷揚州，士民隨乘輿渡江，眾數萬，密露立水濱，麾舟濟之。 苗傅之變，破赤心軍于臨平。 金人犯明州，俊遣密及楊沂中與殊死戰，敗之，進武功大夫，升統制。
In 1127 he followed Zhang Jun against the Rencheng bandit Li Yu; when Jun rode ahead and was ambushed, Mi galloped forward, shot several men dead, and got him out. He was promoted to Attendant at the Secretariat Gate. Jun formed the Jingsheng Army and put Mi in command. He suppressed the bandits Dong Qing, Yue Wan, Xu Ming, and others, and through repeated merit rose to Martial Festival Gentleman and commander of the Left Army. When the Jin took Yangzhou, tens of thousands of people followed the emperor across the river; Mi stood on the bank and directed boats to ferry them across. During the Miao Fu mutiny he defeated the Red Heart Army at Linping. When the Jin attacked Mingzhou, Jun sent Mi and Yang Yizhong to fight a desperate battle, routed them, and Mi was promoted to Grandee of Martial Achievement and made a commander.
26
明年，敵分兵犯滁、濠，密進擊之，且命張守忠以五百騎出全椒縣，伏篁竹間，敵疑，宵遁。 密乃引兵出六丈河，斷其歸路，又敗之。 進中衛、協忠大夫，和州團練、防禦使。 尋拜宣州觀察使，為龍、神衛四廂都指揮使，主管侍衛步軍。
The next year the enemy attacked Chu and Hao; Mi struck back and sent Zhang Shouzhong with five hundred horsemen to ambush them in bamboo groves near Quanjiao; the enemy grew suspicious and fled by night. Mi then marched to the Liuzhang River, cut off their retreat, and defeated them again. He was promoted to Grandee of the Central Guard and Loyal Associate, and made Militia Training Commissioner and Defender of Hezhou. Soon afterward he was made Observer of Xuanzhou, commander of the Four Wings of the Dragon and Divine Guard Armies, and put in charge of the palace foot guards.
27
海寇朱明暴橫，密授張守忠方略曰：「海與陸異，窮之則日月相持，非策之善，要在拊定之耳。」 守忠用其計，明降。 進定江軍承宣使、崇信軍節度使，以年勞轉太尉，拜開府儀同三司。 明年，領殿前都指揮使，獻本軍酒方十六所，積錢十萬緡、銀五萬兩助軍用，詔獎之。 上疏告老，以萬壽觀使奉朝請。
The pirate Zhu Ming was running wild; Mi told Zhang Shouzhong, "Fighting pirates at sea is not like fighting on land; cornering him only prolongs the struggle—the best policy is to win him over peacefully." Shouzhong followed his advice and Zhu Ming surrendered. He was promoted to Commissioner of the Dingjiang Army and Military Commissioner of the Chongxin Army, and for long service was made Grand Marshal and Grand Preceptor with Equal Ceremony to the Three Excellencies. The next year he took command of the palace armies, presented sixteen wine recipes from his command, and contributed one hundred thousand strings and fifty thousand taels of silver for military expenses; the court praised him. He asked to retire and was made Commissioner of the Wanshou Abbey with court attendance.
28
隆興二年，進少保致仕。 俄報金復犯淮，詔密再為殿前都指揮使。 初，敵聲言航海，朝論選從官視舟師，徹禁旅防守，密不為動，迄如所料。 和議成，罷為醴泉使。
In 1164 he was promoted to Junior Guardian and retired. Soon word came that the Jin had invaded the Huai again, and Mi was ordered back as commander of the palace armies. At first the enemy claimed they would attack by sea; the court sent officials to inspect the fleet and pulled palace guards from defense, but Mi did not move—and events proved him right. After peace was made he was relieved and made Commissioner of the Liquan Abbey.
29
乾道元年九月，致仕。 卒，年七十一。 贈少傅。
In the ninth month of 1165 he retired. He died at the age of seventy-one. He was posthumously made Junior Tutor.
30
劉子羽
Liu Ziyu
31
劉子羽，字彥修，建之崇安人，資政殿學士韐之長子也。 宣和末，韐帥浙東，子羽以主管機宜文字佐其父。 破睦賊，入主太府、太僕簿，遷衛尉丞。 韐守真定，子羽辟從。 會金人入，父子相誓死守，金人不能拔而去，由是知名。 除直秘閣。 京城不守，韐死之，既免喪，除秘閣修撰、知池州。
Liu Ziyu, whose style name was Yanxiu, came from Chong'an in Jian and was the eldest son of Academician Liu Ge. Late in the Xuanhe era Liu Ge commanded eastern Zhejiang, and Ziyu served as his father's planning officer. After defeating the Mu rebels he entered the Court of the Imperial Treasury and Court of the Imperial Stud and was promoted to Assistant Master of the Guard. When Ge defended Zhending, Ziyu joined his staff. When the Jin attacked, father and son swore to hold the city to the death; the Jin could not take it and withdrew, and Ziyu won fame. He was made Academician of the Secretariat Pavilion. When the capital fell Liu Ge died defending it; after mourning Ziyu was made Compiler of the Secretariat Pavilion and Prefect of Chizhou.
32
以書抵宰相，論天下兵勢，當以秦、隴為根本。 改集英殿修撰、知秦州。 未行，召赴行在，除樞密院檢詳文字。
He wrote the chief minister arguing that the empire's military strategy should rest on Qin and Long. He was made Compiler of the Hall for Gathering Excellence and Prefect of Qinzhou. Before he could depart he was summoned to the mobile court and made Examiner of Documents at the Bureau of Military Affairs.
33
建炎三年，大將范瓊擁強兵江西，召之弗來，來又不肯釋兵。 知樞密院事張浚，與子羽密謀誅之。 一日，命張俊以千兵渡江，若備他盜者，使皆甲而來。 因召俊、瓊及劉光世赴都堂議事，為設飲食，食已，諸公相顧未發。 子羽坐廡下，恐瓊覺，取黃紙趨前，舉以麾瓊曰：「下，有敕，將軍可詣大理置對。」 瓊愕不知所為，子羽顧左右擁置輿中，衛以俊兵，送獄。 光世出撫其眾，數瓊在圍城中附金人迫二帝出狩狀。 且曰：「所誅止瓊爾，汝等固天子自將之兵也。」 眾皆投刃曰：「諾。」 有旨分隸禦營五軍，頃刻而定。 瓊竟伏誅。 浚以此奇其材。
In 1129 the great general Fan Qiong held a strong army in Jiangxi; when summoned he would not come, and when he did come he refused to disband his troops. Vice Minister Zhang Jun secretly plotted with Ziyu to kill him. One day he ordered Zhang Jun to cross the river with a thousand men as if guarding against bandits, all in armor. He summoned Jun, Qiong, and Liu Guangshi to the chief council hall, served a meal, and after they had eaten the men looked at one another without moving. Ziyu sat in the side hall, fearing Qiong would notice; he seized a yellow edict, rushed forward, and waved it at Qiong, saying, "Down! By imperial order the general is to answer charges at the Court of Judicial Review." Qiong was stunned; Ziyu had attendants seize him, place him in a litter guarded by Jun's troops, and send him to prison. Guangshi went out to calm Qiong's troops, recounting how Qiong had sided with the Jin during the siege and forced the two emperors into captivity. He added, "Only Qiong is to die; you are still the emperor's own troops." The men cast down their weapons and answered, "Yes." An order came to assign them to the five armies of the Imperial Camp, and within moments all was settled. Qiong was executed in the end. Jun marveled at his talent for this.
34
浚宣撫川、陝，辟子羽參議軍事。 至秦州，立幕府，節度五路諸將，規以五年而後出師。 明年，除徽猷閣待制。 金人窺江、淮急，浚念禁衛寡弱，計所以分撓其兵勢者，遂合五路之兵以進。 子羽以非本計，爭之。 浚曰：「吾寧不知此？ 顧今東南之事方急，不得不為是耳。」 遂北至富平，與金人遇，戰不利。 金人乘勝而前，宣撫司退保興州，人情大震。
When Jun became Pacification Commissioner for Sichuan and Shaanxi he took Ziyu as military adviser. At Qinzhou he set up headquarters, directed the generals of five circuits, and planned not to campaign for five years. The next year he was made Awaiting Draftsman of the Huixian Pavilion. As the Jin pressed the Yangtze and Huai, Jun, knowing the palace guards were weak, decided to divide the enemy's strength by advancing with all five circuits' armies. Ziyu argued that this was not the original plan. Jun said, "Do you think I do not know that? But the southeast is in crisis now, and I have no choice." They marched north to Fuping, met the Jin, and were defeated. The Jin pressed their victory; the pacification headquarters fell back to Xingzhou, and panic spread.
35
官屬有建策徙治夔州者，子羽叱之曰：「孺子可斬也！ 四川全盛，敵欲入寇久矣，直以川口有鐵山、棧道之險，未敢遽窺耳。 今不堅守，縱使深入，而吾僻處夔、峽，遂與關中聲援不相聞，進退失計，悔將何及。 今幸敵方肆掠，未逼近郡。 宣司但當留駐興州，外系關中之望，內安全蜀之心； 急遣官屬出關，呼召諸將，收集散亡，分佈險隘，堅壁固壘，觀釁而動。 庶幾猶或可以補前愆而贖後咎，奈何乃為此言乎？」 浚然子羽言，而諸參佐無敢行者。 子羽即自請奉命北出，復以單騎至秦州，召諸亡將。 諸亡將聞命大喜，悉以其眾來會。 子羽命吳玠柵和尚原，守大散關，而分兵悉守諸險塞。 金人知有備，引去。
Some staff proposed moving headquarters to Kuizhou; Ziyu shouted, "That fool deserves death! Sichuan is still strong; the enemy has long wanted to invade, but the Iron Mountain and plank roads at the river mouth have kept them from daring to enter. If we do not hold firm and withdraw to Kuizhou and the gorges, we cut ourselves off from Guanzhong; advance and retreat would be impossible, and regret would come too late. Fortunately the enemy are still raiding widely and have not yet reached our prefecture. The headquarters should stay at Xingzhou, keeping hope alive in Guanzhong and reassuring Shu; urgently send officers beyond the passes to summon the generals, gather the scattered troops, hold the defiles, strengthen the walls, and wait for the right moment. We may still repair our earlier mistake—how can you speak of retreat?" Jun agreed with Ziyu, but none of the other advisers dared to go. Ziyu volunteered to go north himself, rode alone to Qinzhou, and summoned the scattered generals. The scattered generals were overjoyed and all brought their troops to join him. Ziyu ordered Wu Jie to fortify Heshang Plain and hold Dasanguan, while posting troops at every defile. Seeing the defenses ready, the Jin withdrew.
36
明年，金人復聚兵來攻，再為玠所敗。 浚移治閬州，子羽請獨留河池，調護諸將，以通內外聲援，浚許之。 明年，玠以秦鳳經略使戍河池，王彥以金、均、房鎮撫使戍金州。 二鎮皆饑，興元帥臣閉糴，二鎮病之。 玠、彥皆願得子羽守漢中，浚乃承制拜子羽利州路經略使兼知興元府。 子羽至漢中，通商輸粟，二鎮遂安。 除寶文閣直學士。
The next year the Jin attacked again and were defeated once more by Wu Jie. Jun moved to Langzhou; Ziyu asked to stay at Hechi to coordinate the generals and keep communications open, and Jun agreed. The next year Wu Jie garrisoned Hechi as Commissioner for Qin and Feng, and Wang Yan garrisoned Jinzhou as Pacification Commissioner for Jin, Jun, and Fang. Both garrisons were starving; the Xingyuan commander stopped selling grain, and both posts suffered. Jie and Yan both wanted Ziyu to hold Hanzhong; Jun therefore appointed him Commissioner for Lizhou Circuit and Prefect of Xingyuan. When Ziyu reached Hanzhong, he restored trade and grain supply; the two garrisons were relieved. He was made Direct Scholar of the Baowen Pavilion.
37
是冬，金人犯金州。 三年正月，王彥失守，退保石泉。 子羽亟移兵守饒風嶺，馳告玠。 玠大驚，即越境而東，日夜馳三百里至饒風，列營拒守。 金人悉力仰攻，死傷山積，更募死士，由間道自祖溪關入，繞出玠後。 玠遽邀子羽去，子羽不可，而留玠同守定軍山，玠難之，遂西。
That winter the Jin attacked Jin Prefecture. In the first month of the third year, Wang Yan's position fell and he withdrew to Shiquan. Ziyu hastily shifted his forces to hold Raofeng Ridge and dispatched a messenger to alert Jie. Jie was shocked and immediately crossed into the next prefecture, riding three hundred li day and night to reach Raofeng, where he made camp to hold the pass. The Jin pressed the assault uphill at full strength, and casualties piled like hills. They then raised a suicide squad, slipped through Zuxi Pass by a back trail, and got behind Jie. Jie urgently pressed Ziyu to retreat, but Ziyu refused and kept him to hold Dingjun Mountain together. Jie balked and eventually withdrew west.
38
子羽焚興元，退守三泉縣，從兵不滿三百，與士卒取草牙、木甲食之，遺玠書訣別。 玠時在仙人關，其愛將楊政大呼軍門曰：「節使不可負劉待制，不然，政輩亦舍節使去矣。」 玠乃間道會子羽，子羽留玠共守三泉。 玠曰：「關外蜀之門戶，不可輕棄。」 復往守仙人關。 子羽以潭毒山形鬥拔，其上寬平有水，乃築壁壘，十六日而成。 金人已至，距營十數里。 子羽據胡床，坐於壘口。 諸將泣告曰：「此非待制坐處。」 子羽曰：「子羽今日死於此。」 敵尋亦引去。
Ziyu burned Xingyuan and fell back to Sanquan County with fewer than three hundred men. Soldiers and commander alike ate young shoots and bark. He sent Jie a farewell letter. Jie was at Xianren Pass when his favored officer Yang Zheng shouted at the gate: "Commissioner, you must not abandon Vice Hanlin Academician Liu—or we will abandon you as well." Jie took a back trail to rejoin Ziyu, who kept him to hold Sanquan together. Jie said, "The territory beyond the passes is the gateway to Shu—it cannot be cast away lightly." He returned to hold Xianren Pass. Ziyu chose Tandu Mountain, whose peak rose sheer yet offered level ground and water; there he built fortifications in sixteen days. The Jin were already close, little more than ten li from the camp. Ziyu took a folding chair and sat at the rampart gate. The officers wept and pleaded: "This is no place for you to sit, Vice Hanlin Academician." Ziyu said, "I will die here today." Before long the enemy withdrew.
39
自金人入梁、洋，四蜀復大震。 張浚欲移潼川，子羽遺浚書，言己在此，金人必不南，浚乃止。 撒離曷由斜穀北去，子羽謀邀之于武休，不及，既回鳳翔，遣十人持書旗招子羽，子羽盡斬之，而留其一，縱之還，曰：「為我語賊，欲來即來，吾有死爾，何可招也！」 先是，子羽預徙梁、洋公私之積，至是，金人深入，饋不繼，又腹背為子羽、玠所攻，死傷十五六，疫癘且作，亟遁去。 子羽出師掩擊，墮溪澗死者不可勝計，餘兵不能自拔者，悉降。
Ever since the Jin entered Liang and Yang prefectures, all of Sichuan was shaken anew. Zhang Jun wanted to shift headquarters to Tongchuan, but Ziyu wrote assuring him that with himself holding the line the Jin would not push south; Jun abandoned the plan. Sa Lihe marched north through Xiegu Valley. Ziyu planned an ambush at Wuxiu but arrived too late. Back in Fengxiang, the Jin sent ten envoys with letters and banners to win Ziyu over. He beheaded nine and sent the tenth back with a message: "Tell your masters: come if you like—I am ready to die. Do you imagine I can be bought?" Ziyu had already emptied Liang and Yang of stored grain. Now deep in enemy country, the Jin ran out of supplies, caught attacks from front and rear by Ziyu and Jie, and lost perhaps half their force to battle and disease. They fled in haste. Ziyu struck from ambush. Countless Jin drowned in streams and gullies; the rest who could not escape surrendered.
40
始，金人攻蜀，所選士卒千取百，百取十； 戰被重鎧，登山攻險，每一人前，輒二人推其後，前者死，後者被其甲以進，又死，則又代之，其為必取計如此。 浚雖衄師，卒全蜀，子羽之力居多。 子羽還興元。 四年，坐富平之役，與浚俱罷。 尋為言者所論，責授單州團練副使，白州安置。
When the Jin first invaded Shu, they picked their troops with brutal selectivity—one man from every thousand, then one from every hundred— They marched in heavy mail up steep ground, two men shoving each forward fighter from behind. When one fell, the next pulled on his armor and stepped into his place—and when that man fell, another took his turn. That was how determined they were to win. Jun had lost the field battle, yet Shu held—and Ziyu deserved most of the credit. Ziyu returned to Xingyuan. In the fourth year both he and Jun were cashiered for the defeat at Fuping. Memorialists soon attacked him; he was reduced to Assistant Military Training Commissioner of Shan and ordered to live in exile at Ba Prefecture.
41
新除川、陝宣撫副使吳玠，始為裨將，未知名。 子羽獨奇之，言於浚，浚與語大悅，使盡護諸將。 至是，上疏論子羽之功，請納節贖其罪。 詔聽子羽自便。 明年，復元官，提舉江州太平觀。
Wu Jie, newly named Vice Pacification Commissioner for Chuan and Shan, had been an obscure staff officer. Only Ziyu saw his promise and recommended him to Zhang Jun, who was delighted in conversation and put him over all the generals. Now he memorialized the court praising Ziyu's service and offering to give up his own command seal to clear Ziyu's name. The throne allowed Ziyu to go where he chose. The next year his rank was restored and he was appointed superintendent of the Taiping Abbey in Jiang Prefecture.
42
張浚還朝，議合兵大舉，乃請召子羽，令諭旨西帥，以集英殿修撰知鄂州。 未幾，權都督府參議軍事，與主管機宜文字熊彥詩同撫諭川、陝。 時吳玠屢言軍前乏糧，故令子羽見玠諭指，且與都轉運使趙開計事，並察邊備虛實以聞，時五年冬也。 明年秋，與彥詩同還朝。 子羽言：「金人未可圖，宜益兵屯田，以俟機會。」 時張浚以淮西安撫使劉光世驕惰不肅，密奏請罷之，而以其兵屬子羽。 子羽辭，乃以徽猷閣待制知泉州。
Back at court, Zhang Jun planned a joint offensive and had Ziyu recalled to carry the emperor's instructions to the western generals; Ziyu was made Compiler of the Hall for Assembling Excellence and prefect of Ezhou. Soon he served provisionally as military councillor to the chief commandery and toured Chuan and Shan with Secretariat officer Xiong Yanshi to reassure the frontier. Wu Jie kept reporting shortages at the front, so Ziyu was sent to explain the court's intent to him, consult with transport commissioner Zhao Kai, and report on border readiness. It was winter of the fifth year. The following autumn he returned to court with Yanshi. Ziyu advised, "The Jin are not ripe for attack. Reinforce the frontier and open garrison farms until the moment comes." Zhang Jun had secretly asked to remove the Huai'an pacification commissioner Liu Guangshi for arrogance and slack discipline, and to put his troops under Ziyu. Ziyu refused; he was instead made Huiyao Pavilion Attendant-in-Waiting and prefect of Quanzhou.
43
七年，淮西酈瓊叛，張浚罷相。 八年，御史常同論子羽十罪，上批出「白州安置」。 趙鼎曰：「章疏中論及結吳玠事，今方倚玠，恐不自安。」 同疏再上，以散官安置漳州。 十一年，樞密使張浚薦子羽復元官，知鎮江府兼沿江安撫使。 金人入寇，子羽建議清野，淮東之人，皆徙鎮江，撫以恩信，雖兵民雜居，無敢相侵者。 既而金人不至，浚問子羽，子羽曰：「異時金人入寇，飄忽如風雨，今久遲回，必有他意。」 蓋金人以柘皋之敗，欲急和也。 未幾，果遣使議和。 復徽猷閣待制。 秦檜風諫官論罷之，復提舉太平觀。
In the seventh year Li Qiong rebelled in Huai West and Zhang Jun lost the chancellorship. In the eighth year Censor Chang Tong listed ten crimes against Ziyu; the emperor's endorsement sent him back to exile at Ba Prefecture. Zhao Ding warned, "The memorial brings up Ziyu's ties to Wu Jie; if the court is depending on Jie now, this may unsettle him." Chang Tong memorialized again, and Ziyu was exiled to Zhang Prefecture as a commoner. In the eleventh year Zhang Jun, as chief of military affairs, had Ziyu's rank restored and made him prefect of Zhenjiang and riverine pacification commissioner. During a Jin invasion Ziyu ordered the countryside cleared; refugees from east of the Huai flooded into Zhenjiang. He ruled with fairness and trust, and even with troops and civilians crowded together there was no disorder. When the Jin failed to appear, Zhang Jun asked Ziyu's reading. Ziyu said, "Past raids came like a storm; this long delay means something else." The Jin, beaten at Zhegao, were eager to sue for peace. Envoys for peace soon followed. His post as Huiyao Pavilion Attendant-in-Waiting was restored. Qin Hui steered censors to attack him and strip his office; he returned to overseeing the Taiping Abbey.
44
十六年，卒。 子珙，自有傳。 吏部郎朱松以子熹托子羽，子羽與弟子翬篤教之，異時卒為大儒雲。
He died in the sixteenth year. His son Gong is treated in a separate biography. Zhu Song of the Ministry of Personnel placed his son Xi in Ziyu's care. Ziyu and his nephew Yu educated him with great devotion, and he later became one of the age's great scholars—Zhu Xi.
45
呂祉，字安老，建州建陽人。 宣和初，上舍釋褐。 建炎二年，為右正言，以論事忤執政，通判明州。
Lu Zhi, styled Anlao, was from Jianyang in Jian Prefecture. At the opening of the Xuanhe reign he entered service as a graduate of the Upper Academy. In Jianyan's second year he served as Right Remonstrator until his blunt memorials angered the ministers and he was posted as vice prefect of Mingzhou.
46
紹興元年，盜起湖南、北，為荊湖提刑。 祉既至，招捕有方，逾年盜平。 進直秘閣，尋召赴行在。 淮南宣撫使韓世忠將出師，辟祉議軍事，除直徽猷閣，充參議官，辭不行。
In Shaoxing's first year, with banditry spreading across Hunan, he was made judicial commissioner for Jing and Hu. Lu Zhi pacified the region within a year through shrewd offers and crackdowns. Promoted to Secretariat access, he was soon called to the mobile court. Han Shizhong, pacification commissioner of Huainan, wanted Lu Zhi as military adviser and offered him a Huiyao post, but Lu declined to join the campaign.
47
三年，升直龍圖閣、知建康府。 祉到官，與通判府事吳若、安撫司準備差遣陳充共議，作《東南防守利便》三卷上之，大略謂：「立國于東南者，當聯絡淮甸、荊、蜀之勢，今臨安僻在海隅，移蹕江上，然後可以系南北離散之心。」
In the third year he became Dragon Diagram Hall access and prefect of Jiankang. On taking office Lu Zhi worked with vice prefect Wu Ruo and pacification staff officer Chen Chong on a three-scroll memorial, "Advantages in Defending the Southeast." Its argument: a southeastern dynasty must knit together the Huai, the middle Yangzi, and Sichuan. Lin'an was too far coastal; moving the court to the Yangzi was the way to hold north and south together.
48
四年冬，金人攻淮，江左戒嚴，獨韓世忠統銳卒在高郵。 金既陷漣水，破山陽、盱眙，遂犯承州。 祉上章言：「宜遣兵為世忠援。」 既而援兵不至，世忠退保鎮江。 祉再上言：「置江北於度外，非命帥宣撫兩淮之意，且恐失中原心。 唯當急遣諸將，且乞親禦六師，庶幾上下協心，可以不戰而勝。」 於是降詔親征。 車駕至平江，金人退師。
That winter the Jin struck the Huai line; the south bank of the Yangzi mobilized, while Han Shizhong alone held Gaoyou with picked troops. After taking Lianshui and overrunning Shanyang and Xuyi, they pressed on to Cheng Prefecture. Lu Zhi memorialized that reinforcements must be sent to Han Shizhong. No help came; Han Shizhong fell back on Zhenjiang. Lu Zhi protested again: "Writing off the north bank betrays the purpose of appointing Huai commanders—and will lose the hearts of patriots in the Central Plain. Dispatch every general at once, and let Your Majesty lead the armies in person—only then will the realm stand as one and victory come without a fight." The emperor issued an edict to take the field himself. The court reached Pingjiang and the Jin pulled back.
49
五年，召為中書門下省檢正諸房文字，尋除兵部侍郎兼戶部侍郎、給事中。 六年，遷刑部侍郎、都督府參議軍事，俄遷吏部侍郎。 劉豫分道入寇，時車駕駐平江，或請回臨安，且令守江防海。 祉獨抗言：「士氣當振，賊鋒可挫，不可遽退以示弱。」 劉麟眾十萬，已次濠、壽。 劉光世在合肥，欲移屯太平州，軍已行，乃命祉馳往軍前，督其還。 七年，遷兵部尚書，升督府參謀軍事，往淮西撫諭諸軍。
In the fifth year he entered the Secretariat as a document corrector, then became vice minister of war and revenue and a reviewing censor. In the sixth year he moved to vice minister of justice and military councillor at the chief commandery, then quickly to vice minister of personnel. Liu Yu's forces invaded on several axes while the court sat at Pingjiang. Some urged retreat to Lin'an and a policy of river-and-sea defense only. Lu Zhi alone stood firm: "Raise the army's spirit, break the enemy's thrust—do not retreat and show fear." Liu Lin's hundred-thousand-man army was already at Hao and Shou. Liu Guangshi at Hefei tried to relocate to Taipingzhou; his men were already marching when Lu Zhi was sent at full speed to turn them back. In the seventh year he became minister of war and chief military strategist, touring Huai West to steady the troops.
50
浚以劉光世持不戰之論，罷之，乃命行營左護軍前統制王德為都統制，又以統制官酈瓊為之副。 瓊與德素不協，祉還朝，瓊與德交訟于都督府及御史台，乃命德還建康，以其軍隸督府。 八月，復命祉往廬州節制之。 祉至廬州，瓊等復訟德。 祉諭之曰：「若以君等為是，則大相誑。 然張丞相但喜人向前，儻能立功，雖有大過亦闊略，況此小嫌乎？ 當力為諸公辨之，保無他慮。」 瓊等感泣。
Zhang Jun removed Liu Guangshi for preaching avoidance of battle, made Wang De overall commander of the former Left Protective Army, and named Li Qiong his deputy. Li Qiong and Wang De were old rivals. After Lu Zhi returned to court they filed rival suits at headquarters and the Censorate. Wang De was recalled to Jiankang and his command placed directly under headquarters. In the eighth month Lu Zhi was sent back to Luzhou to take command. At Luzhou, Li Qiong again dragged Wang De into court. Lu Zhi told them, "If I ruled for you, I would be telling the grossest lie. But Chancellor Zhang rewards men who fight. Win him glory and even grave faults are forgiven—what is this petty feud? I will speak up for you and see you safe." Li Qiong and his officers wept with relief.
51
事小定，祉乃密奏乞罷瓊及統制官靳賽兵權。 其書吏漏語於瓊，瓊令人遮祉所遣郵置，盡得祉所言，大怨怒。 會朝廷命張俊為淮西宣撫使，置司盱眙； 楊存中為淮西制置使，劉錡為副，置司廬州； 召瓊赴行在。 瓊懼，遂叛。 諸將晨謁祉，坐定，瓊袖出文書，示中軍統制官張璟曰：「諸兵官有何罪，張統制乃以如許事聞之朝廷邪？」 祉見之大驚，欲返走，不及，為瓊所執。 璟及兵馬鈐轄喬仲福，統制劉永、衡友死之。 瓊遂率全軍四萬人渡淮降劉豫，擁祉次三塔，距淮三十里。 祉下馬曰：「劉豫逆臣，我豈可見之？」 眾逼祉上馬，祉罵曰：「死則死於此！」 又語其眾曰：「劉豫逆臣，爾軍中豈無英雄，乃隨酈瓊去乎？」 眾頗感動，凡千餘人環立不行。 瓊恐搖動眾心，急策馬先渡，祉遇害。
When things calmed, Lu Zhi secretly asked the throne to strip Li Qiong and officer Jin Sai of command. A clerk betrayed the secret. Li Qiong intercepted Lu Zhi's dispatch rider, learned everything, and burned with rage. About then the court named Zhang Jun Huai West pacification commissioner at Xuyi; Yang Cunzhong Huai West military commissioner at Luzhou with Liu Yi as deputy; and Li Qiong was recalled to court. Terrified, Li Qiong rebelled. At the morning levee Lu Zhi sat with his generals when Li Qiong drew out papers and showed them to central commander Zhang Jing. "What crime did your officers commit," he demanded, "that Zhang reported us to the throne?" Lu Zhi started up in horror and tried to flee, but Li Qiong seized him. Zhang Jing, horse commission director Qiao Zhongfu, and officers Liu Yong and Heng You were killed. Li Qiong crossed the Huai with forty thousand men to join Liu Yu, dragging Lu Zhi along to a camp at Santa, thirty li from the river. Lu Zhi dismounted. "Liu Yu is a traitor—I will not go before him." They forced him back on his horse. Lu Zhi cursed them: "If I must die, I die here!" He also told the troops, "Liu Yu is a traitor—surely there are heroes among you who will not follow Li Qiong?" The men were deeply moved; more than a thousand stood in a circle and refused to march. Fearing he would lose the men, Qiong spurred his horse across the river first; Lu Zhi was murdered.
52
時有得祉括發之帛歸吳中者，其妻吳氏持帛自縊以徇葬，聞者哀之。 慶元間，詔立廟賜額，以旌其忠雲。
Someone who recovered cloth from Zhi's bound hair brought it to Wu; his wife Lady Wu hanged herself with it to join his burial, and all who heard mourned her. During the Qingyuan era the court established a temple and granted an honorific plaque in recognition of his loyalty.
53
胡世將
Hu Shijiang
54
胡世將，字承公，常州晉陵人，宿之曾孫。 登崇甯五年進士第。 範汝為寇閩，以世將為監察御史、福建路撫諭使。 入境，韓世忠已平賊。 遷尚書右司員外郎，又遷起居郎，遷中書舍人，賜三品服，兼修政局。 坐言者落職奉祠。 未幾，除徽猷閣待制、知鎮江府，入為禮部侍郎，改刑部，出知洪州，兼江西安撫、制置使。 屬建昌兵變，殺守卒，嬰城以叛，世將以便宜發兵討平之。 除兵部侍郎，復知鎮江。
Hu Shijiang, whose style name was Chenggong, came from Jinling in Changzhou and was the great-grandson of Hu Su. In 1106 he passed the jinshi examination. When Fan Ruwei raided Fujian, Shijiang was made Investigating Censor and Pacification Commissioner for Fujian. By the time he arrived, Han Shizhong had already pacified the rebels. He rose through the Ministry of Revenue, became Master of Documents, then Drafting Middle Secretary, was granted third-rank robes, and helped revise government affairs. Critics brought him down and he was sent to temple service. Soon he was made Awaiting Draftsman of the Huixian Pavilion and Prefect of Zhenjiang, then Vice Minister of Rites, then Punishments, and finally Prefect of Hongzhou with concurrent Jiangxi pacification and reorganization duties. When Jianchang soldiers mutinied, killed the guards, and walled the city in revolt, he sent troops at his discretion and suppressed them. He was made Vice Minister of War and again Prefect of Zhenjiang.
55
未幾，召為給事中兼侍講，直學士院，復遷兵部侍郎。 尋以樞密直學士出為四川安撫制置使，兼知成都府。 宣撫吳玠以軍無糧，奏請踵至。 世將既被命入境，約玠會議。 蜀之餉運，溯嘉陵江千餘里，半年始達。 於是奏用轉般摺運之法，軍儲稍充，公私便之。
Soon he was summoned as Supervising Censor and lecturer, entered the Academy, and was again promoted to Vice Minister of War. He then went out as Academician of the Bureau of Military Affairs, Sichuan Pacification and Reorganization Commissioner, and Prefect of Chengdu. Pacification Commissioner Wu Jie repeatedly reported that his army lacked grain. After taking office he arranged to meet Wu Jie for consultation. Sichuan supplies traveled up the Jialing River for more than a thousand li and took half a year to arrive. He memorialized for a transfer-and-fold transport system; military stores gradually filled and both government and people benefited.
56
紹興九年，玠卒，以世將為寶文閣學士、宣撫川、陝。 時關陝初復，朝廷分軍移屯熙、秦、鄜延諸道。 明年夏，金人陷同州，入長安，諸路皆震。 蜀兵既分，聲援幾絕，乃遣大將吳璘、田晟出鳳翔，郭浩出奉天，楊政由赤穀歸河池。 不數日，璘捷於石壁及扶風，金人逡巡不敢度隴，分屯之軍得全師而還。 詔除端明殿學士。
In 1139, when Wu Jie died, Shijiang was made Academician of the Baowen Pavilion and Pacification Commissioner for Sichuan and Shaanxi. Guan and Shaanxi had just been recovered; the court divided the army among garrisons at Xi, Qin, Fuyan, and other routes. The next summer the Jin took Tongzhou and entered Chang'an, shaking every command. With Shu forces divided and support nearly cut off, he sent Wu Lin and Tian Sheng out from Fengxiang, Guo Hao from Fengtian, and Yang Zheng from Chigu back to Hechi. Within days Wu Lin won at Shibi and Fufeng; the Jin hesitated to cross Long, and the scattered garrisons returned intact. He was made Academician of the Duanming Hall.
57
十一年秋，朝廷復用兵。 會母喪，命起復。 遂復隴州，破岐下諸屯，又取華、虢，兵威稍振。 未幾，瘍發於首。 除資政殿學士致仕，恩數視簽書樞密院事。 卒，年五十八，命有司給葬事。
In the autumn of 1141 the court resumed hostilities. He was mourning his mother but was ordered to return to duty. They recovered Longzhou, broke enemy camps below Qi, and took Hua and Guo; morale gradually revived. Soon an ulcer broke out on his head. He was made Academician of the Hall for Aid in Governance and retired with honors equal to a Vice Minister of the Secretariat. He died at fifty-eight; the court ordered officials to provide his funeral.
58
鄭剛中
Zheng Gangzhong
59
鄭剛中，字亨仲，婺州金華人。 登進士甲科，累官為監察御史，遷殿中侍御史。 剛中由秦檜薦於朝，檜主和議，剛中不敢言。 移宗正少卿，請去，不許，改秘書少監。
Zheng Gangzhong, whose style name was Hengzhong, came from Jinhua in Wuzhou. He passed the jinshi in the top class, rose through the ranks to Investigating Censor, and was promoted to Palace Attendant Censor. Gangzhong was recommended by Qin Gui; Gui pushed peace, and Gangzhong did not dare object. He was made Vice Director of the Court of the Imperial Clan, asked to leave, was refused, and was made Vice Director of the Secretariat.
60
金歸侵疆，檜遣剛中為宣諭司參謀官； 及還，除禮部侍郎。 復遣剛中為川、陝宣諭使，諭諸將罷兵，尋充陝西分畫地界使。 金使烏陵贊謨入境，欲盡取階、成、岷、鳳、秦、商六州，剛中力爭不從； 又欲姑取商、秦，于大散關立界，剛中又堅不從。 繼除川、陝宣撫副使。
When the Jin returned invaded territory, Gui sent Gangzhong as staff officer of the Pacification Commission; on his return he was made Vice Minister of Rites. He was again sent as Pacification Commissioner for Sichuan and Shaanxi to order the generals to stand down, and soon became Boundary Demarcation Commissioner for Shaanxi. The Jin envoy Wulingsanmo demanded all six prefectures of Jie, Cheng, Min, Feng, Qin, and Shang; Gangzhong refused; they then asked for Shang and Qin with the boundary at Dasanguan; Gangzhong refused again. He was then made Deputy Pacification Commissioner for Sichuan and Shaanxi.
61
兀術遣人力求和尚原，剛中恐敗和好，以和尚原自紹興四年後不系吳地分，於是割秦、商之半，棄和尚原以與金。 朝廷命剛中去「陝」字，為四川宣撫副使。 剛中治蜀，頗有方略。 宣撫司舊在綿、閬間，及胡世將代吳玠，就居河池，饋餉不繼。 剛中奏：利州在潭毒關內，與興、洋諸關聲援相接，乞移司利州。 自是省費百萬。 剛中始至，即欲移屯一軍，大將楊政不從，呼政語之曰：「剛中雖書生，不畏死！」 聲色俱厲，政即聽命。
Wuzhu urgently demanded Heshang Plain; fearing to break the peace, Gangzhong claimed it had not been Song territory since 1134, ceded half of Qin and Shang, and gave up Heshang Plain. The court removed "Shaan" from his title, making him Deputy Pacification Commissioner for Sichuan alone. Gangzhong governed Sichuan with considerable ability. The headquarters had been between Mian and Lang; when Hu Shijiang replaced Wu Jie he moved to Hechi and supplies failed. He memorialized that Lizhou lay within Tandu Pass and connected with the Xing and Yang passes, and asked to move headquarters there. This saved more than a million strings. On arrival he tried to move one army; Yang Zheng refused; he summoned Zheng and said, "I may be a scholar, but I do not fear death!" His voice and manner were fierce; Zheng obeyed at once.
62
都統每入謁，必庭參然後就坐。 吳璘升檢校少師來謝，語閽吏，乞講鈞敵之禮。 剛中曰：「少師雖尊，猶都統制耳，儻變常禮，是廢軍容。」 行禮如故。
Every commander-in-chief had to perform courtyard obeisance before sitting down. Wu Lin, now Acting Junior Guardian, came to give thanks and asked the gate officer for equal-status courtesy. Gangzhong said, "Junior Guardian is exalted, but he is still a commander; change the rite and you destroy military decorum." The ceremony proceeded as before.
63
奏蠲四川雜征，又請減成都府路對糴及宣撫司激賞錢。 時剛中于階、成二州營田，抵秦州界，凡三千餘頃，歲收十八萬斛。 先是，川口屯兵十萬，分隸三大將：吳璘屯興州，楊政屯興元府，郭浩屯金州，皆建帥節； 而統制官知成州王彥、知階州姚仲、知西和州程俊、知鳳州楊從儀亦領沿邊安撫。 剛中請分利州為東、西路，以興元府、利閬洋巴劍州、大安軍七郡為東路，治興元，命政為安撫； 以興、階、成、西和、文、隴、鳳七州為西路，治興州，命璘為安撫； 而命浩為金、房、開、達州安撫； 諸裨將領安撫者皆罷。 從之。 弛夔路酒禁，復利州錢監為紹興監。 時軍已罷，移屯內郡，剛中言逐路各有漕司，都漕宜罷。 從之。
He abolished miscellaneous Sichuan levies and cut the Chengdu grain-purchase quota and pacification incentive funds. He ran military farms in Jie and Cheng reaching Qinzhou—over three thousand qing yielding 180,000 hu a year. Previously 100,000 troops at the river mouth were divided among Wu Lin at Xingzhou, Yang Zheng at Xingyuan, and Guo Hao at Jinzhou, each with his own command; while Wang Yan, Yao Zhong, Cheng Jun, and Yang Congyi also held frontier pacification posts. He divided Lizhou into eastern and western routes: seven eastern prefectures administered from Xingyuan under Yang Zheng; seven western prefectures administered from Xingzhou under Wu Lin; and Guo Hao pacifier of Jin, Fang, Kai, and Da; all lesser generals holding pacification posts were dismissed. The court approved. He relaxed the Kuizhou wine monopoly and restored the Lizhou mint as the Shaoxing Mint. With fighting ended and troops moved inland, he said each route already had transport commissioners and the overall post should be abolished. The court approved.
64
秦檜怒剛中在蜀專擅，令侍御史汪勃奏置四川財賦總領官，以趙不棄為之，不隸宣撫司。 不棄牒宣撫司，剛中怒，由是有隙。 不棄頗求剛中陰事言於檜，檜陽召不棄歸，因召剛中。 剛中語人曰：「孤危之跡，獨賴上知之耳。」 檜聞愈怒，遂罷，責桂陽軍居住； 再責濠州團練副使，復州安置； 再徙封州，卒。
Qin Gui, angered by Gangzhong's autonomy in Shu, had Wang Bo establish an overall Sichuan finance commissioner, Zhao Buqi, outside pacification control. Buqi sent orders to the pacification headquarters; Gangzhong was furious and a rift opened. Buqi gathered Gangzhong's secrets for Gui; Gui ostensibly recalled Buqi but summoned Gangzhong. Gangzhong told others, "In my isolation I rely only on the emperor's understanding." Gui heard and grew angrier; Gangzhong was dismissed and exiled to Guiyang; reduced again to Assistant Military Training Commissioner of Hao and sent to Fu Prefecture; then transferred to Fengzhou, where he died.
65
論曰：自紹興和議成，材武善謀之士，無所用其力。 若王友直之矯制起兵，李寶之立功膠西，成閔、趙密皆足以斬將搴旗，劉子羽轉戰屢勝，呂祉不從劉豫，胡世將、鄭剛中威震巴蜀。 皆中道以歿，是以知宋不克興復也。
The commentary says: After the Shaoxing peace, men of martial talent and strategic counsel had nowhere to use their strength. Wang Youzhi forged an edict to raise troops; Li Bao won glory at Jiaoxi; Cheng Min and Zhao Mi could have seized enemy banners; Liu Ziyu won battle after battle; Lu Zhi refused Liu Yu; Hu Shijiang and Zheng Gangzhong awed Ba and Shu. All died before their time—proof that Song could not restore the empire.