1
鄧肅李邴滕康張守富直柔馮康國
Deng Su, Li Bing, Teng Kang, Zhang Shou, Fu Zhirou, and Feng Kangguo
2
鄧肅，字志宏，南劍沙縣人。 少警敏能文，美風儀，善談論。 李綱見而奇之，相倡和，為忘年交。 居父喪，哀毀逾禮，芝產其廬。 入太學，所與遊皆天下名士。 時東南貢花石綱，肅作詩十一章，言守令搜求擾民，用事者見之，屏出學。
Deng Su, whose style name was Zhihong, came from Shaxian in Nanjian. As a youth he was quick-witted and gifted with the pen, carried himself with grace, and spoke eloquently. When Li Gang met him he was struck by his talent; they exchanged poems and became friends despite their age gap. During his father's mourning he grieved beyond what ritual prescribed, until spirit fungus appeared beside his mourning shed. At the Imperial Academy his companions were the foremost scholars of the realm. When the southeast was burdened by the Flower-and-Stone tribute fleet, Su wrote eleven poems denouncing how local officials' searches harassed the populace; the powers that be read them and had him expelled from the academy.
3
欽宗嗣位，召對便殿，補承務郎，授鴻臚寺簿。 金人犯闕，肅被命詣敵營，留五十日而還。 張邦昌僭位，肅義不屈，奔赴南京，擢左正言。
After Qinzong ascended the throne, Su was called to audience in the Side Hall, given the rank of Court Gentleman for Palace Service, and appointed recorder at the Court for Diplomatic Relations. When the Jurchens besieged the capital he was sent to their camp, where he stayed fifty days before returning. When Zhang Bangchang seized the throne, Su refused on principle to bow to him, fled to Nanjing, and was promoted to Left Rectifier.
4
先是，朝廷賜金國帛一千萬，肅在其營，密覘，均與將士之數，大約不過八萬人，至是為上言之，且言：「金人不足畏，但其信賞必罰，不假文字，故人各用命。 朝廷則不然，有同時立功而功又相等者，或已轉數官，或尚為布衣，輕重上下，只在吏手。 賞既不明，誰肯自勸？ 欲望專立功賞一司，使凡立功者得以自陳。 若功狀已明而賞不行，或功同而賞有輕重先後者，並置之法。」 上從之。
Earlier the court had sent ten million bolts of silk to the Jin; while in their camp Su had secretly counted how it was shared among officers and soldiers—about eighty thousand men in all—and now told the emperor, adding: "The Jurchens are not what we should fear; they simply honor rewards and enforce punishments without leaning on paperwork, so every man fights for them with his whole will. Our court is different: men who earn equal merit in the same action may find one promoted several ranks and another still a commoner—the clerks alone decide who is rewarded lightly or heavily, early or late. If rewards are unclear, who will push himself to excel? I ask that a single bureau be charged only with rewarding merit, so that every man who has served may present his own account. Where merit is clear but reward is withheld, or equal merit wins unequal treatment, let the law hold officials to account." The emperor approved.
5
朝臣受偽命者眾，肅請分三等定罪。 上以肅在圍城中，知其姓名，令具奏。 肅言：「叛臣之上者，其惡有五：諸侍從而為執政者，王時雍、徐秉哲、吳開、呂好問、莫儔、李回是也； 諸庶官及宮觀而起為侍從者，胡思、朱宗、周懿文、盧襄、李擢、范宗尹是也； 撰勸進文與赦書者，顏博文、王紹是也； 朝臣之為事務官者，私結十友講冊立邦昌之儀者是也； 因張邦昌改名者，何昌言改為善言、其弟昌辰改為知辰是也。 乞置之嶺外。 所謂叛臣之次者，其惡有三：諸執政、侍從、臺諫稱臣於偽庭，執政馮澥、曹輔是也，侍從者已行遣，獨李會尚為中書舍人，臺諫中有為金人根括而被杖，一以病得免者，其餘無不在偽楚之庭； 以庶官而升擢者，不可勝數，乞委留守司按籍考之，則無有遺者； 願為奉使者，黎確、李健、陳戩是也，乞於遠小處編管。 若夫庶官在位供職不廢者，但苟祿而已，乞赦其罪而錄其名，不復用為臺諫、侍從。」 上以為然。
Many courtiers had taken office under the puppet regime; Su asked that they be sentenced in three tiers of guilt. Knowing Su had been inside the besieged capital and knew the culprits by name, the emperor told him to submit a full list. Su said: "The gravest traitors fall into five classes: former attendants who became chief ministers—Wang Shiyong, Xu Bingzhe, Wu Kai, Lü Haowen, Mo Chou, and Li Hui; commoners and palace officers raised to attendants—Hu Si, Zhu Zong, Zhou Yiwen, Lu Xiang, Li Zhuo, and Fan Zongyin; those who wrote the enthronement petition and amnesty—Yan Bowen and Wang Shao; court administrative officers who privately formed a group of ten to plan Bangchang's enthronement rites; those who renamed themselves for Zhang Bangchang—He Changyan became Shanyan and his brother Changchen became Zhichen. I ask that they be exiled beyond the southern mountains. Second-rank traitors fall into three groups: chief ministers, attendants, and remonstrators who bowed to the puppet court—Feng Xi and Cao Fu among the ministers; most attendants have been dismissed, but Li Hui still holds the post of Secretariat Drafter; some remonstrators were beaten for plundering on behalf of the Jin, one claimed illness to escape—yet nearly all served in Zhang Bangchang's court; commoners promoted to office are beyond number—I ask the capital commissioner to search the registers so that none escape; envoys who volunteered to serve the puppet regime—Li Que, Li Jian, and Chen E—should be placed under ward in remote posts. As for minor officials who kept their posts and merely clung to salary, I ask to pardon them but record their names and never again appoint them as remonstrators or attendants." The emperor agreed.
6
耿南仲得祠祿歸，其子延禧為郡守，肅劾：「南仲父子同惡，沮渡河之戰，遏勤王之兵，今日割三鎮，明日截兩河。 及陛下欲進援京城，又為南仲父子所沮。 誤國如此，乞正典刑。」 南仲嘗薦肅于欽宗，肅言之不恤，上嘉其直，賜五品服。
Geng Nanzhong had retired on a temple stipend; his son Yanxi was a prefect. Su impeached them: "The Nanzhongs, father and son, share one guilt—they blocked the river crossing, held back relief armies, ceded the Three Circuits today and would sever the Two Rivers tomorrow. When Your Majesty tried to march to relieve the capital, they blocked you again. They have harmed the realm this gravely—I ask that they face the full penalty of the law." Nanzhong had once recommended Su to Qinzong, but Su spoke without favor; the emperor admired his bluntness and granted him fifth-rank court dress.
7
范訥留守東京，肅言：「訥出師兩河，望風先遁，今語人曰：『留守之說有四，戰、守、降、走而已。 戰無卒，守無糧，不降則走。』 且漢得人傑，乃守關中，奔軍之將，豈宜與此。」 訥遂罷。 內侍陳良弼肩輿至橫門外，開封買入內女童，肅連章論之。 時官吏多托故而去，肅建議削其仕版，而取其祿以給禁衛，若夫先假指揮徑徙江湖者，乞追付有司以正其罪。
Fan Ne was left to guard the eastern capital. Su said: "Ne marched into the Two Rivers and fled at the first rumor of the enemy; now he tells people, 'A garrison commander has four options: fight, hold, surrender, or run. No troops to fight, no grain to hold—if you won't surrender, you run.' The Han held Guanzhong only after winning a hero—how can a general who fled at the first alarm be trusted with the eastern capital?" Ne was dismissed. The eunuch Chen Liangbi was carried in a sedan to the Horizontal Gate while Kaifeng bought palace girls for him; Su memorialized repeatedly against it. Many officials were leaving on pretexts; Su proposed striking them from the rolls and using their salaries for the palace guard, and asked that those who had fled to the provinces on forged orders be pursued and punished.
8
因入對，言：「外夷之巧在文書簡，簡故速； 中國之患在文書煩，煩故遲。」 上曰：「正此討論，故並三省盡依祖宗法。」 及建局討論祖宗官制，兩月不見施行，肅言：「太祖、太宗之時，法嚴而令速，事簡而官清，未嘗旁搜曲引以稽賞罰，故能以十萬精兵混一六合。 自時厥後，群臣無可議者，今日獻一策，明日獻一言，煩冗瑣碎，惟恐不備，此文書所以益煩，而政事所以益緩也。 今兵戈未息，豈可揖遜進退，尚循無事之時？ 欲乞限以旬日，期於必至，庶幾法嚴事簡，賞罰之權不至濡滯。」 肅在諫垣，遇事感激，不三月凡抗二十疏，言皆切至，上多採納。
At audience he said: "Barbarian efficiency comes from brief paperwork—brief, and therefore fast; China's affliction is prolix paperwork—prolix, and therefore slow." The emperor said: "That is exactly what we are debating—so all Three Departments shall follow the ancestral statutes." A bureau was set up to review the ancestral bureaucracy, yet after two months nothing had been enacted. Su said: "Under Taizu and Taizong the law was strict and orders swift, business simple and officials clean; rewards and punishments were not buried in paperwork, and with a hundred thousand elite troops they unified the realm. Since then ministers debate everything—one plan today, one remark tomorrow, tedious and exhaustive for fear anything be omitted—so paperwork grows heavier and government slower. War has not ended—how can we still bow and defer as in peacetime? I ask that a ten-day deadline be set and enforced, so that law may stay strict, business simple, and the power to reward and punish may not bog down." In the remonstrance office Su spoke with passion; in under three months he submitted twenty memorials, each pointed and forceful, and the emperor adopted many.
9
會李綱罷，肅奏曰：「綱學雖正而術疏，謀雖深而機淺，固不足以副聖意。 惟陛下嘗顧臣曰：『李綱真以身徇國者。』 今日罷之，而責詞甚嚴，此臣所以有疑也。 且兩河百姓無所適從，綱措置不一月間，民兵稍集，今綱既去，兩河之民將如何哉？ 偽楚之臣紛紛在朝，李綱先乞逐逆臣邦昌，然後叛黨稍能正罪，今綱既去，叛臣將如何哉？ 叛臣在朝，政事乖矣，兩河無兵，外夷驕矣，李綱於此，亦不可謂無一日之長。」 執政怒，送肅吏部，罷歸居家。 紹興二年，避寇福唐，以疾卒。
When Li Gang was dismissed, Su memorialized: "Gang's learning is sound but his methods crude, his plans bold but his timing poor—he may not fully meet Your Majesty's expectations. Yet Your Majesty once told me, 'Li Gang truly stakes his life for the realm.' Today he is dismissed with harsh reproach—this is what troubles me. The people of the Two Rivers have nowhere to turn; in less than a month Gang had begun to rally militia—now that he is gone, what will become of them? Puppet-Chu officials still crowd the court; Li Gang first asked to expel Bangchang, and only then were traitors punished—now that he is gone, what of the traitors? Traitors remain in court and government goes awry; the Two Rivers lack armies and foreigners grow bold—on these counts Li Gang cannot be said to lack even a day's merit." The chief ministers were furious, handed Su over to the Ministry of Personnel, dismissed him, and sent him home. In 1132 he fled raiders to Futang, where illness took him.
10
李邴，字漢老，濟州任城縣人。 中崇甯五年進士第，累官為起居舍人，試中書舍人。 北方用兵，酬功第賞，日數十百，邴辭命無留難。 除給事中、同修國史兼直學士院，遷翰林學士。 嘗與禁中曲宴，徽宗命賦詩，高麗使入貢，邴為館伴，徽宗遣中使持示，使者請傳錄以歸。 未幾，坐言者罷，提舉南京鴻慶宮。
Li Bing, whose style name was Hanlao, came from Rencheng in Jizhou. He took the jinshi in 1106, rose to Diary Attendant, and passed the examination for Secretariat Drafter. During the northern campaigns rewards were issued by the tens and hundreds daily; Bing drafted the orders without hesitation. He was made Supervising Censor and co-compiler of the National History with a concurrent post in the Academy, then promoted to Hanlin Academician. At a private palace banquet Huizong ordered him to compose verse; when Goryeo envoys arrived Bing served as their host, and Huizong sent a eunuch to show them his poems—the envoys asked for copies to carry home. Soon remonstrators brought about his dismissal, and he was made superintendent of the Hongqing Palace at Nanjing.
11
欽宗即位，除徽猷閣待制、知越州。 久之，再落職，提舉西京嵩山崇福宮。 高宗即位，復徽猷閣待制。 逾歲，召為兵部侍郎兼直學士院。
When Qinzong succeeded he was made Awaiting Draft at the Huayou Pavilion and prefect of Yuezhou. After some time he was demoted again and made superintendent of the Chongfu Palace on Mount Song. When Gaozong succeeded he was restored as Awaiting Draft at the Huayou Pavilion. A year later he was summoned as Vice Minister of War with a concurrent post in the Academy.
12
苗傅、劉正彥迫上遜位，上顧邴草詔，邴請得御劄而後敢作。 朱勝非請降詔赦，邴就都堂草之。 除翰林學士。 初，邴見苗傅，面諭以逆順禍福之理，且密勸殿帥王元俾以禁旅擊賊，元唯唯不能用，即詣政事堂白朱勝非，適正彥及其党王世修在焉，又以大義責之，人為之危，邴不顧也。 時御史中丞鄭瑴又抗疏言睿聖皇帝不當改號，於是邴、瑴為端明殿學士、同簽書樞密院事。 邴與張守分草百官章奏，三奏三答，及太后手詔與復辟赦文，一日而具。
When Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan forced the emperor to abdicate, the emperor asked Bing to draft the edict; Bing insisted on receiving the emperor's own hand before he would write. Zhu Shengfei asked for an amnesty edict, and Bing drafted it at the Executive Secretariat. He was appointed Hanlin Academician. Earlier Bing had confronted Miao Fu with the logic of loyalty and rebellion, and secretly urged the palace commander Wang Yuan to strike the rebels with the guard; Yuan agreed but did nothing. Bing then went to the Executive Secretariat to inform Zhu Shengfei—just as Zhengyan and his partisan Wang Shixiu were there—and rebuked them on principle; others feared for his life, but Bing paid no heed. The Censor-in-Chief Zheng E had also remonstrated that the retired emperor's title must not be changed; Bing and E were then made Duanming Academicians and co-signers of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Bing and Zhang Shou together drafted the officials' memorials and replies—three rounds each—the empress dowager's hand-edict, and the restoration amnesty, all in one day.
13
四月，拜尚書右丞，未幾，改參知政事。 上巡江甯，太后六宮往豫章，命邴為資政殿學士、權知行臺三省樞密院事。 以與呂頤浩論不合，乞罷，遂以本職提舉杭州洞霄宮。 未閱月，起知平江府。 會兄鄴失守越州，坐累落職。 明年，即引赦復之，又升資政殿學士。
In the fourth month he became Right Vice Director of State Affairs; soon after he was made Participant in Determining Affairs. When the emperor toured Jiangning and the empress dowager and inner palaces went to Yuzhang, Bing was made Zizheng Academician with acting charge of the traveling Three Departments and Military Affairs. Disagreeing with Lü Yihao, he asked to resign and was made superintendent of the Dongxiao Palace at Hangzhou. Within a month he was recalled to govern Pingjiang. When his elder brother Ye lost Yuezhou, Bing was demoted by association. The next year an amnesty restored him, and he was again promoted to Zizheng Academician.
14
紹興五年，詔問宰執方略，邴條上戰陣、守備、措畫、綏懷各五事。
In 1135 the court asked the chief ministers for strategy; Bing submitted five points each on campaigning, defense, planning, and pacification.
15
戰陣之利五，曰出輕兵、務遠略、儲將帥、責成功、重賞格，大略謂：「關陝為進取之地，淮南為保固之地。 關陝雖利於進取，然不用師於京東以牽制其勢，則彼得一力以拒我。 今大將統兵者數人，皆所恃以為根本，萬一失利，將不可復用。 偏裨中如牛皋、王進、楊珪、史康民皆京東土人，知地險易，可各配以部曲三五千人，或出淮陽，或出徐、泗，彼將奔命之不暇，此不動而分陝西重兵之一端也。 關陝今雖有二宣撫，其體尚輕，非遣大臣不可。 呂頤浩氣節高亮，李綱識量宏遠，威名素著，願擇其一而用之，必有以報陛下。」 又言：「陛下即位之初，韓世忠、劉光世、張俊威名隱然為大將，今又有吳玠、岳飛者出矣。 願詔大將，于所部舉智謀忠勇可以馭眾統師各兩三人，朝廷籍記。 遇有事宜，使當一隊，毋隸大將，則諸人競奮才智，皆飛、玠之儔矣。 大將爵位已崇，難相統一，自今用兵，第可授以成算，使自為戰而已，慎勿遣重臣臨之，以輕其權而分其功。 今卻敵退師之後，必論功行賞，願因此詔有司預定賞格，謂如得城邑及近上首領之類，自一命至節度使，皆差次使足相當。」
Five principles for campaigning: deploy light troops, pursue long-range strategy, cultivate generals, demand results, and weight rewards. In outline he said: "Guan-Shaan is the ground for advance; Huainan for consolidation. Guan-Shaan favors offense, but without troops in Jingdong to pin the enemy down, they can concentrate full strength against us. Several great generals now command our armies—the foundation of our force; one defeat might ruin them for further use. Subordinates such as Niu Gao, Wang Jin, Yang Gui, and Shi Kangmin are Jingdong natives who know the terrain; give each three to five thousand men to strike from Huaiyang or Xu-Si, and the enemy will be too busy to respond—dividing their Shaanxi armies without risking our main forces. Guan-Shaan now has two pacification commissioners, but their authority is still too light—only a senior minister will do. Lü Yihao is upright and resolute, Li Gang far-sighted and famed—choose one of them and he will repay Your Majesty." He also said: "At Your Majesty's accession Han Shizhong, Liu Guangshi, and Zhang Jun were the great generals; now Wu Jie and Yue Fei have risen as well. I ask that each great general nominate two or three wise, loyal, and brave men under his command who can lead troops, and that the court keep a register. When action is needed, let them command independent detachments, not subordinate to the great generals—then all will strive to excel, and we will breed more men like Yue Fei and Wu Jie. The great generals' ranks are too high to command one another; hereafter give them a finished plan and let them fight on their own—do not send senior ministers to oversee them and dilute their authority and credit. After the enemy is repelled rewards must follow; I ask the offices to set reward scales in advance—for taking cities, capturing enemy leaders, and the like—from the lowest rank to military commissioner, each grade matched to its deed."
16
所謂守備之宜有五，曰固根本、習舟師、防他道、講遺策、列長戍，大略謂：「江、浙為今日根本，欲保守則失進取之利，欲進取則慮根本之傷。 古之名將，內必屯田以自足，外必因糧於敵。 誠能得以功名自任如祖逖者，舉淮南而付之，使自為進取，而不至虛內以事外。 臣聞朝廷下福建造海船七百隻，必如期而辦，乞仿古制，建伏波、下瀨、樓船之官，以教習水戰，俾近上將佐領之，自成一軍，而專隸於朝廷。 無事則散之緣江州郡，緩急則聚而用之。 臣度敵人他年入寇，懲創今日之敗，必先以一軍來自淮甸，為築室反耕之計，以綴我師。 然後由登、萊泛海窺吳、越，以出吾左，由武昌渡江窺江、池，以出吾右，一處不支則大事去矣。 願預講左支右吾之策。 夫兵之形無窮，願詔臨江守臣，凡可設奇以誤敵者，如吳人疑城之類，皆預為措畫。 今長江之險，綿數千里，守備非一，苟制得其要，則用力少而見功多。 願差次其最緊處，屯軍若干人，一將領之，聽其郡守節制，次緊稍緩處差降焉，有事則以大將兼統之。 既久則諳熟風土，緩急可用，與旋發之師不侔矣。」
Five principles for defense: secure the foundation, train the river navy, guard alternate routes, study past strategies, and post long garrisons. In outline he said: "Jiangsu and Zhejiang are our foundation today—to hold them is to forgo offense, yet to advance is to risk the foundation. Great generals of old farmed within to sustain themselves and foraged on the enemy without. If we can find a man like Zu Ti who stakes his reputation on success, entrust Huainan to him for independent advance, and not drain the interior to feed foreign campaigns. I hear the court has ordered Fujian to build seven hundred seagoing ships on schedule; I ask that we restore the ancient river-warfare offices—Fubo, Xialai, and tower-ship commands—to train naval fighting under nearby generals as a separate army reporting directly to the court. In peace scatter them along the Yangzi prefectures; in crisis gather and deploy them. I expect that when the enemy raids again, stung by today's defeat, they will first send an army from the Huai plain to build fortifications and farm the land, pinning our forces in place. Then from Deng and Lai they will sail to probe Wu and Yue on our left; from Wuchang cross the river to probe Jiang and Chi on our right—if either flank fails, all is lost. I ask that we plan in advance how to meet threats on both flanks. War takes endless forms; I ask that river frontier officials plan in advance every stratagem to mislead the enemy, such as the Wu people's dummy ramparts. The Yangzi's defenses stretch thousands of li; if the system grasps the essentials, little effort will yield great effect. I ask that the most critical points be ranked first, each garrisoned under one general answering to the local prefect; less critical points garrisoned more lightly; and in crisis a great general take overall command. In time they would grow familiar with local conditions and be ready when needed—far more effective than troops rushed in at the last moment."
17
所謂措畫之方有五，曰親大閱、補禁衛、講軍制、訂使事、降敕榜，大略謂：「因秋冬之交，辟廣場，會諸將，取士卒才藝絕特者而爵賞之。 建炎以來，禁衛單寡，乃藉五軍以為重，臣常寒心。 願擇忠實嚴重之將以為殿帥，稍補禁衛之闕，使隱然自成一軍，則其馭諸將也，若臂之使指矣。 今諸郡廂禁冗占私役者，大郡二三千人，小郡亦數百人。 臣願講求，除郡守兵將官自禁軍給事外，餘兼從衣糧使自僦人以役。 大抵殺廂軍三分之二，而以其衣糧之數盡募禁軍。 金人自用兵以來，未嘗不以和好為言，此決不可恃。 然二聖在彼，不可遂已，姑以餘力行之耳。 臣謂宜專命一官，如古所謂行人者，或止左右司領之，當遣使人，舉成法而授之，庶免臨時斟酌之勞，而朝廷得以專意治兵矣。 劉豫僭叛，理必滅之，謂宜降敕榜，明著豫僭逆之罪，曉諭江北士民，此亦兵家所謂伐謀伐交者。」
His five planning proposals were: grand inspections, replenishing the Palace Guard, reforming military institutions, regulating diplomatic missions, and issuing imperial proclamations. In brief: "At the autumn-winter transition, open drill grounds, summon the generals, and ennoble soldiers of exceptional skill. Since Jianyan the Palace Guard has been woefully under strength, and the court has relied on the Five Armies alone—I have long found this troubling. I ask that a loyal and steady general be chosen as Palace Guard commander, the Guard's ranks gradually filled, until it stands as an army in its own right—then directing the other generals will be as effortless as the arm moving the fingers. Today encumbered garrison troops across the prefectures are diverted to private service—two or three thousand men in large prefectures, several hundred even in small ones. I propose a thorough review: aside from prefectural commanders and officers drawn from the regular army, all other personnel should be hired privately with funds from the Clothing and Rations Commission. In general, cut encumbered troops by two-thirds and use every penny of their pay to recruit Palace Guard soldiers instead. Since taking up arms, the Jurchens have never ceased talking of peace and friendship—this must not be trusted. Yet the two emperors remain in captivity, so the effort cannot be abandoned outright—we can only spare what strength remains. I hold that one official should be specially charged with envoy affairs, as in antiquity's "traveling envoy," or the Left and Right Sections could oversee it; when missions are dispatched, established precedents should be handed over in advance, sparing last-minute improvisation and freeing the court to focus on the army. Liu Yu's usurpation and rebellion must, in principle, be destroyed. An imperial proclamation should clearly set forth his crimes and instruct the people north of the Yangzi—this too is what strategists call attacking the enemy's plans and alliances."
18
所謂綏懷之略有五，曰宣德意、先振恤，通關津、選材能、務寬貸，大略謂：「山東大姓結為山砦以自保，今雖累年，勢必有未下者。 願募有心力之人，密往詔諭。 應淮北遺民來歸者，令淮南州郡給以行由，差船津濟，量差地分人護送，毋得邀阻。 有官人先次注授差遣，無官而貧乏者，令沿江州郡以官舍居之，仍量給錢米三兩月，其能自營為生乃止。 內有才智可用之人，隨宜任使，勿但縻以爵秩而已。 凡諸將行師入境，敢抗拒者，固在剿戮。 其有善良、老弱之人，皆從寬貸，使之有更生之望。」 不報。
His five pacification proposals were: proclaiming the emperor's intent, providing relief first, opening passes and crossings, selecting talent, and practicing leniency. In brief: "Great clans of Shandong have formed mountain fortresses for self-defense; even after many years, some surely remain unsubdued. I ask that resolute men be recruited and sent secretly to proclaim the emperor's will. Refugees from north of the Huai who return should receive travel permits from Huainan prefectures, boats to ferry them across, and local escorts—none may obstruct or delay them. Those with official rank should receive appointments in turn; those without office who are destitute should be housed in government quarters by Yangzi-front prefectures, with money and grain for two or three months until they can support themselves. Among them, men of talent should be employed as circumstances warrant—not merely kept idle with titles and ranks. Whenever generals lead armies into enemy territory, those who resist will naturally be suppressed and slain. But the innocent, the aged, and the weak should all receive lenient treatment, so that they may have hope of a new life." The memorial received no response.
19
邴閒居十有七年，薨於泉州，年六十二，諡文敏。 有《草堂集》一百卷。
Bing lived in retirement for seventeen years, then died at Quanzhou at the age of sixty-two; he was posthumously titled Wenmin. He left a Collected Works from the Thatched Hall in one hundred juan.
20
滕康，字子濟，應天府宋城人。 登崇甯五年進士第，又中詞學兼茂科，除秘書省正字，遷著作佐郎、尚書工部禮部員外郎、國子司業。
Teng Kang, courtesy name Ziji, was a native of Songcheng in Yingtian Prefecture. He passed the jinshi examination in the fifth year of Chongning and also passed the Lexical Learning and Comprehensive Excellence examination. He was appointed Rectifier in the Secretariat, then promoted to Assistant Compiler, Outer Section Member of the Ministries of Works and Rites, and Vice Director of the Directorate of Education.
21
靖康二年，元帥府聞康習憲章，召至濟州。 康率群臣勸進，除太常少卿，使定登極禮儀。 凡告天及肆赦之文，皆康為之，辭意激切，聞者感動。 除起居舍人、權給事中，進起居郎兼討論祖宗法度檢討官，試中書舍人。
In the second year of Jingkang, the Marshal's Headquarters, learning that Kang was versed in statutes and regulations, summoned him to Jizhou. Kang led the officials in urging the prince to ascend the throne. He was appointed Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and charged with fixing the accession rituals. All proclamations to Heaven and texts for general amnesty were composed by Kang; their language was impassioned, and all who heard them were moved. He was appointed Diarist and Acting Submitted Memorial Censor, then promoted to Diarist and Concurrent Reviewing Officer for Ancestral Statutes and Regulations, and provisionally made Middle Drafting Secretary.
22
會顯謨閣學士孟忠厚乞用父任減年遷官，康言：「忠厚，隆祐太后之侄也，太宗以來，凡母后兄弟之子無為侍從者。」 武義大夫康義用登極恩，遷遙郡刺史，康又封還詞頭，言：「恩例遷官一等，謂于階官上進一階。 今康義得特旨轉一官，自武義大夫躐上遙郡刺史，名為遷一官，實升五等，紊法之甚也。 自古召亂之源，非外戚撓法，則內侍干政，漢、唐可鑒。」 凡再降旨，竟不肯行。
When Academician of the Hall for Manifest Loyalty Meng Zhonghou requested to use his father's service to reduce years for promotion, Kang said: "Zhonghou is a nephew of Empress Dowager Longyou. Since Taizong, no son of an empress dowager's brother has served as a palace attendant." Military Affairs Grandee Kang Yi used the accession grace to be promoted to distant-prefecture prefect. Kang again returned the draft edict, saying: "The grace precedent for promotion by one rank means advancing one step on the rank ladder. Now Kang Yi received a special edict to shift one office—from Military Affairs Grandee leaping to distant-prefecture prefect. It is called one rank, but in reality five grades—a gross disorder of the law. Since antiquity the sources of disorder have been consort kin bending the law or inner attendants meddling in government—Han and Tang provide clear examples." The edict was issued twice more, but he steadfastly refused to carry it out.
23
後軍統制韓世忠以不能戢所部，坐贖金。 康言：「世忠無赫赫功，祗緣捕盜微勞，遂亞節鉞。 今其所部卒伍至奪禦器，逼諫臣於死地，乃止罰金，何以懲後？」 詔降世忠一官。
Rear Army Commander-in-Chief Han Shizhong, for failing to restrain his subordinates, was fined in lieu of punishment. Kang said: "Shizhong has no towering achievements—he rose to a military commission only for minor merit in catching bandits. Now his soldiers have seized imperial weapons and driven remonstrating officials to their deaths, yet he is punished only with a fine—how will this deter others?" An edict demoted Shizhong one rank.
24
知江州陳彥文用劉光世奏，錄其守城功，遷龍圖閣待制。 康以光世所上彥文功狀前後牴牾，閣而未下。 宰相力主彥文趣康行詞，康論不已，宰相銜之。 會布衣省試卷子不合式，康以其文取之，諫官李處遯論奏，遂以集英殿修撰提舉杭州洞霄宮。
Chen Yanwen, prefect of Jiang Prefecture, using Liu Guangshi's memorial, had his defense of the city recorded as merit and was promoted to Gentleman at Attendance in the Hall of Dragon Diagrams. Kang held that the merit report Guangshi submitted for Yanwen contradicted itself, and kept the appointment pending without issuing the edict. The chief councilor strongly supported Yanwen and pressed Kang to draft the edict. Kang argued without cease, and the chief councilor harbored resentment. When a commoner's provincial examination paper did not conform to the required form yet Kang selected it for its literary merit, Remonstrance Official Li Chudun submitted a memorial of criticism, and Kang was made Compiler at the Hall for Assembling Excellence and Commissioner of the Dongxiao Palace in Hangzhou.
25
未幾，移蹕錢塘，再除中書舍人，奏曰：「去歲郊禮前日食，而日官不以聞，廷臣不以告，使陛下所以應天者未至，故逆臣敢萌不軌者，無先事之戒也。 陛下即位，行再歲矣，側怛愛民之政徒為空言，而百姓不被其恩； 哀痛責躬之詔不著事實，四方不以為信。 忠佞並馳，而多士解體； 刑賞失當，而三軍沮氣。 臣願陛下取建炎初元以來所下詔書，所舉政事，熟思審度，得無一二不類臣言者乎？ 望參稽得失而罷行之。」 上再三褒諭，稱其有諫臣風。 除左諫議大夫。 旬日間，封章屢上，遂擢翰林學士。 翌日，除端明殿學士、同簽書樞密院事。
Before long the court moved to Qiantang, and Kang was again appointed Middle Drafting Secretary. He memorialized: "Last year, before the suburban sacrifices, there was a solar eclipse, yet the astronomers did not report it and court officials did not inform Your Majesty. Your Majesty's response to Heaven was therefore incomplete—hence traitorous ministers dared entertain disloyal designs, with no warning beforehand. Your Majesty has reigned nearly two years, yet compassionate policies for the people remain empty words and the common people receive no grace; proclamations of grief and self-reproach do not accord with facts, and the realm does not find them credible. The loyal and the sycophantic advance together, and many scholars lose heart; rewards and punishments are misplaced, and the three armies lose morale. I ask Your Majesty to review all edicts and administrative acts since the first year of Jianyan and reflect carefully—is there not one or two that match what I say? I hope Your Majesty will weigh successes and failures and revoke what should not stand." The emperor repeatedly praised and commended him, calling him a remonstrating minister in the true mold. He was appointed Left Remonstrance and Regulation Grandee. Within ten days he submitted sealed memorials repeatedly and was promoted to Hanlin Academician. The next day he was appointed Academician of the Hall of Manifest Brightness and Concurrent Co-signatory of the Military Affairs Commission.
26
建炎三年，宰相呂頤浩議幸武昌為趨陝之計，既移蹕建康，又議欲盡棄中原，徙居民于東南。 康力持不可，上悟而止。 未幾，上請太后奉神主如江西，以參知政事李邴權知三省樞密院事，康為資政殿學士，同從衛以行。 邴辭疾，又命康權知，以劉玨為貳。 賜康褒詔，許綴宰執班奏事。
In the third year of Jianyan, Chief Councilor Lü Yihao proposed that the emperor travel to Wuchang as part of a plan to move toward Shaanxi. After the court had moved to Jiankang, he again proposed abandoning the Central Plain entirely and resettling the people in the southeast. Kang strenuously objected, and the emperor understood and abandoned the plan. Before long the emperor requested that the empress dowager convey the imperial ancestral tablets to Jiangxi, appointing Li Bing as Acting Administrator of the Three Departments and Military Affairs Commission. Kang became Academician of the Hall of Assisting Governance and accompanied the imperial guard on the journey. Bing pleaded illness, and Kang was again ordered to serve as acting administrator, with Liu Jue as deputy. Kang was granted an encomium edict and permitted to join the chief councilors' rank when memorializing on affairs.
27
康從衛至洪州，劉光世護江不密，金人絕而渡，康等倉卒奉太后趨虔州。 殿中侍御史張延壽論康與玨無憂國之心，至使太后涉險，為敵人追迫，責授康秘書少監，分司南京，永州居住。 未幾，許自便，復左朝請大夫，提舉明道宮。 紹興二年九月卒，年四十八。 八年，追復龍圖閣學士。 有文集二十卷。
Kang accompanied the guard to Hong Prefecture. Liu Guangshi's Yangzi defense was not tight; the Jurchens crossed by surprise, and Kang and the others hastily escorted the empress dowager toward Qian Prefecture. Palace Diarist Zhang Yanshou memorialized that Kang and Jue lacked concern for the state, causing the empress dowager to face peril and be pursued by the enemy. Kang was demoted to Vice Director of the Secretariat, commissioner at Nanjing, and ordered to reside in Yong Prefecture. Before long he was permitted free movement, restored to Left Gentleman for Court Appearances, and made Commissioner of the Mingdao Palace. In the ninth month of the second year of Shaoxing he died at the age of forty-eight. In the eighth year his rank as Academician of the Hall of Dragon Diagrams was posthumously restored. He left collected writings in twenty juan.
28
三年正月，還，奏金人必來，願早為之圖，上惻然。 除起居郎兼直學士院。 金人果渡淮，上幸臨安。 遷御史中丞。
In the first month of the third year he returned to court, memorialized that the Jurchens would surely invade, and urged early preparation. The emperor was deeply moved. He was appointed Diarist and Concurrent Drafter of the Academy. The Jurchens indeed crossed the Huai, and the emperor traveled to Lin'an. He was promoted to Censor-in-Chief.
29
苗、劉既平，詔赦百官，表奏皆守與李邴分為之。 守論宰相朱勝非不能思患預防，致賊猖獗，乞罷政，疏留中不出，既而勝非竟罷政。
After the Miao and Liu mutiny was suppressed, an edict amnestied all officials. Petitions and memorials were divided between Zhang Shou and Li Bing to draft. Zhang Shou memorialized that Chief Councilor Zhu Shengfei had failed to think ahead and forestall danger, allowing the rebels to grow rampant, and requested his removal. The memorial was kept at court and not issued, but Shengfei was dismissed after all.
30
呂頤浩初相，舉行司馬光之言，欲併合三省，詔侍從、臺諫集議。 守言光之所奏，較然可行，若更集眾，徙為紛紜。 既而悉無異論，竟合三省為一。
When Lü Yihao first became chief councilor, he proposed implementing Sima Guang's views and merging the Three Departments into one. An edict ordered palace attendants and censorate remonstrators to assemble for discussion. Zhang Shou said that what Guang had memorialized was plainly feasible; to gather everyone again would only create confusion. Soon there was no dissent, and the Three Departments were merged into one.
31
上幸建康，呂頤浩、張浚葉議將奉上幸武昌為趨陝之計。 時方拜浚為宣撫處置使，身任陝、蜀，守與諫議大夫滕康皆持不可，曰：「東南今日根本也，陛下遠適，則奸雄生窺伺之心。 況將士多陝西人，以蜀近關陝，可圖西歸，自為計耳，非為陛下與國家計也。」 守又陳十害，至殿廬謂康曰：「幸蜀之事，吾曹當以死爭之。」 上曰：「朕固以為難行。」 議遂寢。
When the emperor traveled to Jiankang, Lü Yihao and Zhang Jun together planned to have the emperor go to Wuchang as part of a plan to move toward Shaanxi. At the time Zhang Jun was being appointed Commissioner for Pacification and Disposition with responsibility for Shaanxi and Shu. Zhang Shou and Remonstrance Grandee Teng Kang both objected, saying: "The southeast is the foundation today. If Your Majesty travels far away, ambitious schemers will grow covetous. Moreover most soldiers are natives of Shaanxi. Because Shu is near the passes of Shaanxi, they could scheme to return west—they are calculating for themselves, not for Your Majesty and the state." Zhang Shou also set forth ten harms. In the hall corridor he told Kang: "On the matter of traveling to Shu, we must dispute it to the death." The emperor said: "I too have thought it hard to carry out." The proposal was then dropped.
32
六月，久雨恒陰，呂頤浩、張浚皆謝罪求去，詔郎官以上言闕政。 初，守為副端時嘗上疏曰：「陛下處宮室之安，則思二帝、母后穹廬毳幕之居； 享膳羞之奉，則思二帝、母后膻肉酪漿之味； 服細暖之衣，則思二帝、母后窮邊絕塞之寒苦； 操與奪之柄，則思二帝、母后語言動作受制於人； 享嬪御之適，則思二帝、母后誰為之使令； 對臣下之朝，則思二帝、母后誰為之尊禮。 思之又思，兢兢栗栗，聖心不倦，而天不為之助順者，萬無是理也。」 至是復申前說，曰：「今罪己之詔數下，而天未悔禍，實有所未至耳。」 且曰：「天時人事至此極矣，陛下睹今日之勢與去年孰愈？ 而朝廷之措置施設，與前日未始異也。 俟其如維揚之變而後言之，則雖斥逐大臣，無救於禍。 漢制災異策免三公，今任宰相者，雖有勳勞，然其器識不足以斡旋機務。 願更擇文武全材、海內所共推者，親擢而並用之。 上書論事，或有切直，宜加褒擢以來言路。」
In the sixth month, amid long rains and constant overcast, Lü Yihao and Zhang Jun both apologized and requested to leave office. An edict ordered officials above the rank of Secretariat duty officer to speak on faults in government. Earlier, when Zhang Shou was deputy director of the censorate, he had submitted a memorial saying: "When Your Majesty dwells in the security of the palace, think of the two emperors and empress dowager dwelling in felt tents and coarse shelters; when enjoying fine food, think of the two emperors and empress dowager tasting mutton, meat, and curdled milk; when wearing fine warm garments, think of the two emperors and empress dowager suffering extreme cold at remote frontier passes; when wielding the power to reward and punish, think of the two emperors and empress dowager's words and actions constrained by others; when enjoying the company of palace ladies, think who serves and commands the two emperors and empress dowager; when facing the court of ministers, think who honors and esteems the two emperors and empress dowager. Reflect again and again, trembling with caution—if the sage heart does not weary yet Heaven does not lend its aid, there is no such principle." At this time he reiterated his earlier argument, saying: "Now proclamations of self-blame have been issued repeatedly, yet Heaven has not turned from calamity—there is indeed something still lacking." And he said: "Heaven's signs and human affairs have reached the extreme. Does Your Majesty see whether today's situation is better or worse than last year? Yet the court's arrangements and institutions differ in no way from days past. To wait until something like the Weiyang disaster occurs before speaking—even if great ministers are dismissed, it will not remedy the harm. Under Han institutions, strange disasters led to removing the Three Excellencies. Today's chief councilors, though they have merit, lack the capacity and judgment to turn critical affairs. I ask that men of complete civil and military talent whom the realm jointly esteems be selected, elevated personally, and employed together. Those who submit memorials discussing affairs, even if cutting and blunt, should be praised and promoted to open the path of speech."
33
先是，守嘗論呂頤浩不可獨任，張浚不可西去，與上意異，乞補外。 除禮部侍郎，不拜，上命呂頤浩至政事堂，諭以正人端士不宜輕去，守始受命。 殿中侍御史趙鼎入對，論守無故下遷，上曰：「以其資淺。」 鼎曰：「言事官無他過，願陛下毋沮其氣。」 於是遷翰林學士、知制誥。 九月，拜端明殿學士、同簽書樞密院事。 扈從由海道至永嘉，回至會稽。
Earlier Zhang Shou had argued that Lü Yihao should not hold sole power and Zhang Jun should not go west—differing from the emperor's view—and requested an outside appointment. He was appointed Vice Minister of Rites but did not accept. The emperor ordered Lü Yihao to the Hall of Administration to instruct him that upright gentlemen should not lightly leave, and Zhang Shou then accepted. Palace Diarist Zhao Ding entered audience and argued that Zhang Shou had been demoted without cause. The emperor said: "Because his qualifications are shallow." Ding said: "The remonstrating official is without other fault. I ask Your Majesty not to dampen his spirit." Thereupon he was promoted to Hanlin Academician and Drafting Director. In the ninth month he was appointed Academician of the Hall of Manifest Brightness and Concurrent Co-signatory of the Military Affairs Commission. He accompanied the emperor by sea to Yongjia, then returned to Kuaiji.
34
四年五月，除參知政事，守嘗薦汪伯彥，沈與求劾其短，以資政殿學士提舉洞霄宮。 未幾，知紹興府。 尋以內祠兼侍讀，守力辭，改知福州。 時右司員外郎張宗臣請令福建築城，守奏：「福州城于晉太康三年，偽閩增廣至六千七百餘步，國初削平已久，公私困弊，請俟他年。」 遂止。 尋以變易度牒錢百萬餘緡輸之行在，助國用。
In the fifth month of the fourth year he was appointed Vice Grand Councilor. Zhang Shou had once recommended Wang Boyan, and Shen Yuqiu impeached him for faults, so he was made Academician of the Hall of Assisting Governance and Commissioner of the Dongxiao Palace. Before long he was appointed Prefect of Shaoxing Prefecture. Soon he was assigned an inner palace commission concurrently as Imperial Reader. Zhang Shou vigorously declined and was instead made Prefect of Fuzhou. At that time Right Assistant Department Director Zhang Zongchen requested that Fujian build city walls. Zhang Shou submitted a memorial: "Fuzhou's walls were built in the third year of the Taikang reign of Jin; the false Min state expanded them to more than six thousand seven hundred paces. Since the dynasty's founding suppressed them long ago, public and private resources are exhausted and distressed. I request postponement to another year." The proposal was halted. Soon he converted ordination certificates into more than a million strings of cash and sent them to the mobile court to assist state expenditures.
35
時劉豫導金人寇淮，上次平江，諸將獻俘者相踵，守聞之，上疏曰：「今以獻俘誠皆金人，或借諸國，則戮之可也。 至如兩河、山東之民，皆陛下赤子，驅迫以來，豈得已哉？ 且諭以恩信，貸之使歸，願留者亦聽，則賊兵可不戰而潰。」 金人既遁，詔諸將渡江追擊，守復上疏，以敵情難測，願留劉光世控禦諸渡。
At that time Liu Yu guided the Jurchens to raid the Huai region. The emperor stopped at Pingjiang, and generals offering captive presentations followed one after another. Learning of this, Zhang Shou submitted a memorial saying: "If those presented as captives are truly Jurchens, or borrowed from other states, then executing them is acceptable. But as for the people of the Two He and Shandong, all are Your Majesty's own children, driven and forced here—how could they have helped it? If they are instructed with grace and good faith, released to return home, and those wishing to stay are also permitted, then the enemy troops can dissolve without fighting." After the Jurchens fled, an edict ordered generals to cross the river in pursuit. Zhang Shou again submitted a memorial, saying the enemy's intentions were hard to gauge and requesting that Liu Guangshi be kept to guard the crossings.
36
上既還臨安，又詔問守以攻戰之利、守備之宜、綏懷之略、措置之方，守言：
After the emperor returned to Lin'an, he again issued an edict asking Zhang Shou about the advantages of attack and defense, proper defensive measures, policies of pacification, and methods of arrangement. Zhang Shou said:
37
明詔四事，臣以為莫急於措置，措置苟當，則余不足為陛下道矣。 臣請言措置之大略，其一措置軍旅，其二措置糧食。
"Your clear edict on four matters—I think nothing is more urgent than arrangement. If arrangement is properly done, the rest need not be told to Your Majesty." "Your subject asks to speak of the general outline of arrangement: first, arranging the armies; second, arranging provisions."
38
神武中軍當專衛行在，而以餘軍分戍三路，一軍駐於淮東，一軍駐於淮西，一軍駐鄂、岳或荊南，擇要害之處以處之。 使北至關輔，西抵川、陝，血脈相通，號令相聞，有唇齒輔車之勢，則自江而南可奠枕而臥也。 然今之大將皆握重兵，貴極富溢，前無祿利之望，退無誅罰之憂，故朝廷之勢日削，兵將之權日重。 而又為大將者，萬一有稱病而賜罷，或卒然不諱，則所統之眾將安屬耶？ 臣謂宜拔擢麾下之將，使為統制，每將不過五千人，棋布四路，朝廷號令徑達其軍，分合使令悉由朝廷，可以有為也。
"The Central Army of the Divine Martial Guard should exclusively protect the mobile court, while the remaining armies are divided to garrison three routes—one army stationed in eastern Huai, one in western Huai, one at Ezhou, Yuezhou, or Jingnan, placing them at strategic points." "Let them reach north to Guanfu and west to Sichuan and Shaanxi, with supply lines connected and orders communicated, so that they possess the mutual reliance of lips and teeth—then south of the Yangzi one may rest secure." "Yet today's great generals all hold heavy armies, rank at the extreme and wealth overflowing. Advance brings no hope of salary and benefits, retreat brings no fear of punishment—hence the court's power daily declines and the generals' authority daily grows." "Furthermore, for those who are great generals, if one claims illness and is dismissed, or suddenly dies without forewarning, to whom will the troops under his command belong?" "Your subject holds that subordinate generals should be promoted to serve as commanders, each commanding no more than five thousand men, arrayed like chess pieces on four routes, with court orders reaching their armies directly—deployment, withdrawal, and commands all from the court—then something can be accomplished."
39
何謂措置軍食？ 諸軍既分屯諸路，則所患者財谷轉輸也。 祖宗以來，每歲上供六百餘萬，出於東南轉輸，未嘗以為病也。 今宜舉兩浙之粟以餉淮東，江西之粟以餉淮西，荊湖之粟以餉鄂、岳、荊南。 量所用之數，責漕臣將輸，而歸其餘於行在，錢帛亦然，恐未至於不足也。 錢糧無乏絕之患，然後戒飭諸將，不得侵擾州縣，以復業之民戶口多寡，為諸將殿最，歲核實而黜陟之。 如是措置既定，俟至防秋，復遣大臣為之統督，使諸路之兵首尾相應，綏懷之略亦在是矣。 究其本原，則在陛下內修德而外修政耳。
What is meant by arranging army provisions? Since the armies are already divided and encamped on various circuits, what is to be worried about is the transport of funds and grain. Since the founders, each year more than six million in tribute supply came from transport through the southeast, and this was never regarded as a burden. Now one should use the grain of the Two Zhes to supply eastern Huai, the grain of Jiangxi to supply western Huai, and the grain of Jinghu to supply Ezhou, Yuezhou, and Jingnan. Estimate the amount needed, charge transport officials to deliver supplies, and return the remainder to the mobile court—the same for cash and cloth—and it probably would not prove insufficient. With no danger of shortage in funds and grain, admonish the generals not to harass prefectures and counties. Use the number of households among the people restored to their livelihoods as the measure of each general's merit, verify annually, and promote or dismiss accordingly. If arrangement is thus established, wait until the autumn defense season, then send great ministers to oversee and command so that armies of the various circuits respond in concert—the policy of pacification lies in this as well. Probing to its root cause, it lies in Your Majesty cultivating virtue within and cultivating governance without.
40
閩自范汝為之擾，公私赤立，守在鎮四年，撫綏凋瘵，且請於朝，蠲除福州所貸常平緡錢十五萬。 累請去郡，以提舉萬壽觀兼侍讀召還，甫兩月，復引病丐去，知平江府，力丐祠以歸。
Since Fan Ruwei's disturbances in Min, public and private resources were stripped bare. Zhang Shou served there four years, comforting the devastated populace, and also requested of the court remission of one hundred fifty thousand strings of Ever-Normal granary money loaned to Fuzhou. He repeatedly requested to leave the prefecture and was summoned back as Commissioner of the Wanshou Abbey concurrently Imperial Reader. Barely two months later, he again cited illness and begged to leave, was appointed Prefect of Pingjiang Prefecture, and vigorously begged a temple commission to return home.
41
六年十二月，召見，即日除參知政事，明日兼權樞密院事。 七年，張浚罷劉光世兵柄，而欲以呂祉往淮西撫諭諸軍，守以為不可，浚不從，守曰：「必曰改圖，亦須得聞望素高、能服諸將之心者乃可。」 浚不聽，遂有酈瓊之變。 及臺諫父章論浚，御批安置嶺表，赴鼎不即行，守力解上曰：「浚為陛下捍兩淮，罷劉光世，正以其眾烏合不為用，今其驗矣，群臣從而媒蘖其短，臣恐後之繼者，必以浚為鑒，誰肯為陛下任事乎？」 浚謫永州，守亦引咎請去，弗許。
In the twelfth month of the sixth year he was summoned for audience. That same day he was appointed Vice Grand Councilor; the next day he concurrently served as Acting Administrator of the Bureau of Military Affairs. In the seventh year Zhang Jun removed Liu Guangshi's military authority and wished to send Lü Zhi to western Huai to reassure the armies. Zhang Shou thought it inadvisable; Zhang Jun did not listen. Zhang Shou said: "If one must change plans, one still needs someone whose reputation is already high and who can win the generals' hearts." Zhang Jun did not listen, and thereafter came Li Qiong's mutiny. When censorial officials submitted repeated memorials criticizing Zhang Jun, the emperor annotated to banish him to Lingnan. Zhao Ding did not immediately act. Zhang Shou forcefully pleaded with the emperor, saying: "Zhang Jun defended the Two Huai for Your Majesty and removed Liu Guangshi precisely because his troops were a motley rabble of no use—now that has been proven. If the ministers follow by magnifying his faults, I fear those who come after will take Zhang Jun as a warning—who then will be willing to take on affairs for Your Majesty?" Zhang Jun was demoted to Yongzhou. Zhang Shou also took blame and requested to leave, but was not permitted.
42
八年正月，上自建康將還臨安，守言：「建康自六朝為帝王都，江流險闊，氣象雄偉，且據都會以經理中原，依險阻以捍禦強敵，可為別都以圖恢復。」 鼎持不可，守力求去，以資政殿大學士知婺州，尋改洪州，兼江南西路安撫使。 入對，時江西盜賊未息，上問以弭盜之策，守曰：「莫先德政，伺其不悛，然後加之以兵。」 因請出師屯要害。 既至部，揭榜郡邑，開諭禍福，約以期限，許之自新，不數月盜平。
In the first month of the eighth year, as the emperor was about to return from Jiankang to Lin'an, Zhang Shou said: "Jiankang has been an imperial capital since the Six Dynasties; the river flows perilously wide, its aspect grand and imposing. Moreover, holding this metropolis one may manage the Central Plains and rely on natural barriers to repel strong enemies—it can serve as a secondary capital to plan recovery." Zhao Ding held it inadvisable. Zhang Shou vigorously sought to leave and was made Academician of the Hall of Assisting Governance as Prefect of Wuzhou, soon changed to Hongzhou, concurrently Pacification Commissioner of Jiangnan West Circuit. Entering audience, bandits in Jiangxi had not yet been pacified. The emperor asked about policies to suppress banditry. Zhang Shou said: "Nothing comes before virtuous governance. Wait until they fail to reform, then add military force." He then requested to dispatch troops to encamp at strategic points. Once he reached his jurisdiction, he posted proclamations in prefectures and counties, openly instructing on fortune and disaster, setting deadlines and permitting self-renewal. In less than several months banditry was pacified.
43
後徙知紹興府。 會朝廷遣三使者括諸路財賦，所至以鞭撻立威，韓球在會稽，所斂五十餘萬緡。 守既視事，即求入覲，為上言之，詔追還三使。 時秦檜當國，不悅，守亦不自安，復奉祠。
Later he was transferred to serve as Prefect of Shaoxing Prefecture. It happened that the court dispatched three envoys to requisition the wealth and taxes of the various circuits; wherever they went they established authority through flogging. Han Qiu was in Kuaiji and collected more than five hundred thousand strings. Once Zhang Shou assumed office, he immediately requested an audience to report this to the emperor. An edict recalled the three envoys. At that time Qin Hui held power and was displeased. Zhang Shou also felt ill at ease and again accepted a temple commission.
44
建康謀帥，上曰：「建康重地，用大臣有德望者，惟張守可。」 至鎮數月薨。
When Jiankang sought a commander, the emperor said: "Jiankang is a vital post. Of great ministers with virtue and reputation, only Zhang Shou will do." Several months after reaching the post he died.
45
守嘗薦秦檜于時宰張浚，及檜為樞密使，同朝。 一日，守在省閣執浚手曰：「守前者誤公矣。 今同班列，與之朝夕相處，觀其趨向，有患失之心，公宜力陳於上。」 守在江右，以郡縣供億科擾，上疏請蠲和買，罷和糴。 上欲行之，時秦檜方損度支為月進，且日憂四方財用之不至，見守疏，怒曰：「張帥何損國如是？」 守聞之，歎曰：「彼謂損國，乃益國也。」 卒諡文靖。 孫抑，戶部侍郎。
Zhang Shou had once recommended Qin Hui to the chief councilor Zhang Jun. When Hui became Administrator of the Bureau of Military Affairs, they served in the same court. One day Zhang Shou took Zhang Jun's hand in the provincial pavilion and said: "I wronged you before. Now serving in the same ranks and associating with him morning and evening, observing his inclinations, he has a mind fearful of gain and loss. You should forcefully report this to the emperor." When Zhang Shou was in Jiangyou, because prefectures and counties were harassed by supply requisitions, he submitted a memorial requesting remission of harmonized purchases and abolition of harmonized grain levies. The emperor wished to implement it, but at that time Qin Hui was just cutting the Revenue Bureau's funds for monthly tribute and daily worried that revenue from the four quarters would not arrive. Seeing Zhang Shou's memorial, he angrily said: "Why does Marshal Zhang harm the state like this?" Learning of this, Zhang Shou sighed and said: "What he calls harming the state is actually benefiting the state." Upon death he was posthumously titled Wenjing. His grandson Sun Yi was Vice Minister of Revenue.
46
富直柔
Fu Zhirou
47
富直柔，字季申，宰相弼之孫也。 以父任補官。 少敏悟，有才名。 靖康初，晁說之奇其文，薦於朝，召賜同進士出身，除秘書省正字。
Fu Zhirou, style name Jishen, was a grandson of Grand Councilor Fu Bi. He received office through his father's yin privilege. In youth he was quick and perceptive, with a reputation for talent. At the beginning of the Jingkang era, Chao Yuezhi marveled at his writing and recommended him to the court. Summoned and granted jinshi status by special decree, he was appointed Corrector in the Secretariat.
48
建炎二年，召近臣舉所知，禮部侍郎張浚以直柔應。 詔授著作佐郎，尋除禮部員外郎、起居舍人，遷右諫議大夫。 範致虛自謫籍中召入，直柔力言致虛不當復用，出知鼎州。
In the second year of the Jianyan era, close ministers were summoned to recommend men they knew. Vice Minister of Rites Zhang Jun nominated Zhirou. An edict appointed him Assistant Compiler. Soon he was made Vice Director of the Ministry of Rites and Diarist of Attendance, then promoted to Right Remonstrating Grandee. Fan Zhixu was recalled from the rolls of the banished. Zhirou forcefully argued that Zhixu should not be reused and was sent out as Prefect of Dingzhou.
49
遷給事中。 醫官、團練使王繼先以覃恩轉防禦使，法當回授，得旨特與換武功大夫。 直柔論：「繼先以計換授，既授之後，轉行官資，除授差遣，更無所礙。 且武功大夫惟有戰功、曆邊任、負材武者乃遷，不可以輕授。」 上謂宰相范宗尹曰：「此除出自朕意。 今直柔抗論，朕屈意從之，以伸直言之氣。」
He was promoted to Supervising Censor. The medical officer and regimental training commissioner Wang Jixian, through a grace amnesty, was transferred to Defender-in-Chief. By law he should have returned the appointment, but received an imperial order specially exchanging it for Grandee of Military Merit. Zhirou argued: "Jixian used a stratagem to exchange appointments. Once the appointment is granted, advancing in official rank and receiving appointments and commissions will meet no further obstacle. Moreover, Grandee of Military Merit is conferred only on those with battle merit, experience in frontier service, and proven martial talent—it must not be lightly granted." The emperor told Grand Councilor Fan Zongyin: "This appointment came from my own intent. Now Zhirou remonstrated against it. I yielded my intent to follow him, to give straight speech its full force."
50
四年，遷御史中丞。 直柔請罷右司侯延慶，而以蘇遲代之，上曰：「臺諫以拾遺補過為職，不當薦某人為某官。」 於是延慶改禮部員外郎，而遲為太常少卿。
In the fourth year he was promoted to Censor-in-Chief. Zhirou requested dismissal of Right Assistant Department Director Hou Yanqing and replacement by Su Chi. The emperor said: "Censorial remonstrators have the duty of picking up omissions and remedying faults—they should not recommend a certain person for a certain office." Thereupon Yanqing was changed to Vice Director of the Ministry of Rites and Chi to Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices.
51
十月，除端明殿學士、簽書樞密院事。 故事，簽書有以員外郎為之，而無三丞為之者。 中書言非舊典，時直柔為奉議郎，乃特遷朝奉郎。 自是寄祿官三丞除二府者，遷員外郎，自直柔始，遂為例。
In the tenth month he was appointed Academician of the Hall of Enduring Brightness and Co-signatory of the Bureau of Military Affairs. By precedent, co-signatories had been Vice Directors, but none had been one of the three assistant commissioners. The Secretariat said this was not old precedent. At the time Zhirou was Gentleman for Promoting Righteousness, so he was specially promoted to Gentleman for Court Audience. From then on, when salary-only officials among the three assistant commissioners were appointed to the two bureaus, they were promoted to Vice Director—beginning with Zhirou, this became precedent.
52
上虞縣丞婁寅亮上書言宗社大計，欲選太祖諸孫「伯」字行下有賢德者視秩親王，使牧九州，以待皇嗣之生，退處藩服。 疏入，上大歎悟，直柔從而薦之，召赴行在，除監察御史。 於是孝宗立為普安郡王，以寅亮之言也。
Shangyu County Assistant Lou Yinliang submitted a memorial on the great plan for the altars of state and grain, wishing to select from among Emperor Taizu's grandsons of the "Bo" generation one of virtue and treat him with princely rank, entrusting him to govern the nine provinces while awaiting the birth of an imperial heir, then withdrawing to a feudal position. When the memorial entered, the emperor greatly sighed in enlightenment. Zhirou followed by recommending him. Summoned to the mobile court, he was appointed Investigating Censor. Thereupon Emperor Xiaozong was established as Prince of Pu'an—because of Yinliang's words.
53
除同知樞密院事。 侍御史沈與求論直柔附會辛道宗、永宗兄弟得進，並論其所薦右司諫韓璜。 先是，直柔嘗短呂頤浩於上前，頤浩與秦檜皆忌之，由是二人俱罷，礌責監潯州酒稅，而直柔以本官提舉洞霄宮。
He was appointed Co-administrator of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Attending Censor Shen Yuqiu argued that Zhirou had curried favor with the brothers Xin Daozong and Yongzong to advance, and also criticized Han Huang, Right Remonstrator of the Assistant Department, whom he had recommended. Earlier Zhirou had spoken ill of Lü Yihao before the emperor. Yihao and Qin Hui both resented him. Thereby both men were dismissed—Huang was punished as Supervisor of the Xunzhou Wine Tax, and Zhirou retained his original rank as Commissioner of the Dongxiao Palace.
54
六年，丁所生母憂。 起復資政殿學士、知鎮江府，辭不赴。 起知衢州。 以失入死罪，落職奉祠。 尋復端明殿學士。 徜徉山澤，放意吟詠，與蘇遲、葉夢得諸人游，以壽終於家。
In the sixth year he mourned his biological mother. Recalled from mourning as Academician of the Hall of Assisting Governance and Prefect of Zhenjiang Prefecture, he declined and did not go. Recalled to serve as Prefect of Quzhou. For imposing a capital sentence in error, he was demoted and given a temple commission. Soon he was restored as Academician of the Hall of Enduring Brightness. He wandered among mountains and marshes, giving free rein to poetry and song, associating with Su Chi, Ye Mengde, and others, and died at home of old age.
55
馮康國
Feng Kangguo
56
馮康國，字元通，本名轓，遂寧府人。 為太學生，負氣節。 建炎中，高宗次杭州，禮部侍郎張浚以御營參贊軍事留平江。 苗、劉作亂，浚外倡帥諸將合兵致討，念傅等居中，欲得辯士往說之。 時轓客浚所，慷慨請行，浚遣之至杭，說傅、正彥曰：「自古宦官亂政，根株相連，若誅鋤必受禍。 今二公一旦為國家去數十年之患，天下蒙福甚大。 然主上春秋鼎盛，天下不聞其過，豈可遽傳位於繈褓之子？ 且前日名為傳位，其實廢立，二公本心為國，奈何以此負謗天下？」 傅按劍大怒，轓辭氣不屈。 正彥乃善諭之曰：「張侍郎欲復辟固善，然須用面議。」 乃遣轓還，約浚至杭。
Feng Kangguo, style name Yuantong, original name Fan, was a native of Suining Prefecture. He was a student of the Imperial Academy, possessed of spirited integrity. During the Jianyan era, Emperor Gaozong stopped at Hangzhou. Vice Minister of Rites Zhang Jun, as Military Adviser to the Imperial Camp, remained at Pingjiang. When Miao and Liu rebelled, Zhang Jun outwardly led the generals to combine forces for punitive action. Considering that Fu and others held the center, he wished to obtain an eloquent envoy to go persuade them. At that time Fan was a guest at Zhang Jun's residence and boldly volunteered to go. Zhang Jun sent him to Hangzhou and he addressed Fu and Zhengyan, saying: "Since antiquity eunuchs who disturbed government had roots and branches linked together—if one uproots and cuts them down, one must suffer harm. Now you two lords at once removed for the state a decades-old scourge—the realm has received great blessing. Yet the sovereign is in the prime of life; the realm has heard no fault of his—how can the throne be hastily transferred to a child in swaddling clothes? Moreover, the other day what was called transferring the throne was in fact deposition and installation—you two lords at heart acted for the state. Why bear slander from the realm for this?" Fu grasped his sword in great anger; Fan's words and bearing did not yield. Zhengyan then kindly instructed him, saying: "Vice Minister Zhang wishes to restore the emperor—that is indeed good, but it must be discussed face to face." He then sent Fan back and arranged for Zhang Jun to come to Hangzhou.
57
浚復遣轓移書傅等，告以禍福使改。 既又復傅書，誦言其罪。 轓至，傅党馬柔吉訹之曰：「昨張侍郎書不委曲，二公大怒，已發兵出杭矣，君尚敢來耶？」 轓曰：「畏則不來，來則不畏。」 王世修欲拘留轓，會浚謬為書遺轓云：「適有客自杭來，方知二公于社稷初無不利之心，甚悔前書之輕易也。」 傅等見之喜，轓得免。
Zhang Jun again sent Fan with a letter to Fu and others, informing them of fortune and disaster to make them change course. Then he again replied to Fu's letter, reciting his crimes. When Fan arrived, Fu's partisan Ma Rouji intimidated him, saying: "Yesterday Vice Minister Zhang's letter was not tactful. The two lords were greatly angered and have already dispatched troops out of Hangzhou—do you still dare come?" Fan said: "If I feared, I would not have come. Having come, I do not fear." Wang Shixiu wanted to detain Fan, but Zhang Jun forged a letter to him: "A visitor just arrived from Hangzhou—I now see you two never meant harm to the realm, and deeply regret my rash earlier message." Fu and his party were delighted, and Fan escaped detention.
58
俄勤王之兵大集，傅等始懼，轓知其可動，乃說宰相朱勝非，以今日之事，當以淵聖皇帝為主，睿聖皇帝宜復為大元帥，少主為皇太侄，太后垂簾。 勝非令與傅、正彥議，皆許諾。 轓又請褒傅、正彥如趙普故事，遂皆賜鐵券。 詔補轓奉議郎、守兵部員外郎，賜五品服，更名康國。
Soon relief armies massed, and Fu's party grew afraid. Fan saw they could be swayed and persuaded Chief Councilor Zhu Shengfei that Qinzong should be recognized as emperor, Gaozong restored as Grand Marshal, the young emperor made Imperial Nephew Heir, and the empress dowager should rule from behind the curtain. Shengfei had them negotiate with Fu and Zhengyan, and all agreed. Fan also asked that Fu and Zhengyan be rewarded like Zhao Pu, and both received iron certificates of immunity. An edict made Fan a Proposal Presenter and acting Vice Director of War, granted fifth-rank court dress, and renamed him Kangguo.
59
高宗反正，以張浚宣撫川、陝，浚辟康國主管機宜文字。 浚至蜀，遣康國入奏事，詔進兩官，為荊湖宣諭使。 康國之行也，上幸浙東，不暇降詔旨，康國以自意為之，言者劾以擅造制書，坐貶秩二等。 紹興三年，浚召還，與康國俱赴行在。 浚既黜，御史常同因論康國，罷之。 起知萬州、湖北轉運判官。
After Gaozong restored the throne, Zhang Jun was sent to pacify Sichuan and Shaanxi and recruited Kangguo as his planning secretary. When Jun reached Sichuan he sent Kangguo to court; the emperor promoted him two ranks and appointed him envoy to Jing and Hu. On this mission the emperor was touring eastern Zhejiang and could not issue orders in time; Kangguo drafted documents on his own initiative. Critics impeached him for forging imperial documents, and he was demoted two ranks. In 1133 Zhang Jun was recalled, and he and Kangguo went together to the mobile court. After Jun was dismissed, Censor Chang Tong attacked Kangguo by association and had him removed from office. He was recalled to govern Wanzhou and serve as transport vice commissioner for Hubei.
60
浚相，入為都官員外郎。 康國言：「四川稅色，祖宗以來，正稅重者科折輕，正稅輕者科折重，科折權衡與稅平准，故無偏重。 近年監司總漕悉改舊法，取數務多，失業逃亡皆由於此。 盍從舊法。」 詔以其言下四川憲司察不如法者。 又言：「蜀苦陸運，當諭吳玠，非防秋月，分兵就糧； 兼選守牧治梁、洋，招集流散，耕鑿就緒，則漕運可省。 此保蜀之良策也。」
When Zhang Jun became chief councilor, Kangguo entered the capital as Vice Director of the Ministry of Justice. Kangguo said: "In Sichuan's tax system, since the founding emperors heavy regular taxes were matched with light commutation levies and light regular taxes with heavy commutation, keeping the scales even—so no category was overburdened. In recent years supervisors and transport officials have abandoned the old rules and sought ever higher collections—this is why people lose their livelihoods and flee. Why not return to the old law?" An edict ordered the Sichuan surveillance commission to investigate officials who violated the old rules. He also said: "Sichuan is burdened by overland supply lines; Wu Jie should be told that except during autumn defense, troops should forage locally; and appoint good officials in Liang and Yang to gather refugees, restore farming, and then river transport can be cut back. This is the soundest way to secure Sichuan."
61
浚去相位，康國乞補外。 趙鼎言于高宗曰：「自張浚罷，蜀士不自安，今留者十餘人，臣恐臺諫以浚故有論列，望陛下察之。」 高宗曰：「朝廷用人，止當論其才與否耳。 頃臺諫好以朋黨論士大夫，如罷一宰相，則凡所薦引，不問才否一時罷黜，乃朝廷使之為朋黨，非所以愛人才、厚風俗也。」 遷右司員外郎，除直顯謨閣、知夔州。 丁母憂，起復，撫諭吳玠軍，除都大主管川陝茶馬，卒。
When Zhang Jun left office, Kangguo asked for a provincial post. Zhao Ding told Gaozong: "Since Zhang Jun's dismissal, Sichuan officials have been uneasy. More than ten remain at court, and I fear remonstrators will attack them because of Jun—I ask Your Majesty to see this clearly." Gaozong said: "The court should employ men on talent alone. Lately remonstrators love to cry 'faction' at every official. Dismiss one chief councilor and every man he recommended is swept out regardless of merit—the court itself creates factions. That is no way to cherish talent or strengthen public morals." He was made Right Vice Director of the Secretariat, direct attendant at the Xianmo Pavilion, and prefect of Kuizhou. After his mother's death he was recalled from mourning to reassure Wu Jie's army, appointed Grand Commissioner of tea and horses for Sichuan and Shaanxi, and died in office.
62
論曰：鄧肅、李邴、滕康當危急存亡之秋，皆侃侃正色，知無不言。 張守論事明遠，富直柔厄于秦檜、呂頤浩，馮康國說折二凶，皆有用之才也。
Appraisal: Deng Su, Li Bing, and Teng Kang, in the hour when the dynasty hung between life and death, all spoke with frank dignity and held nothing back. Zhang Shou's counsel was clear and far-sighted; Fu Zhirou was thwarted by Qin Hui and Lü Yihao; Feng Kangguo talked down the two rebels—all men the state could use.