1
王伯大鄭寀應㒡徐清叟李曾伯王野蔡抗張磻馬天驥朱熠饒虎臣戴慶炣皮龍榮沈炎
Wang Boda, Zheng Cai, Ying You, Xu Qingsou, Li Cengbo, Wang Ye, Cai Kang, Zhang Pan, Ma Tianji, Zhu Yi, Rao Huchen, Dai Qingke, Pi Longrong, and Shen Yan
2
王伯大
Wang Boda
3
王伯大，字幼學，福州人。 嘉定七年進士。 歷官主管戶部架閣，遷國子正、知臨江軍，歲饑，振荒有法。 遷國子監丞、知信陽軍，改知池州兼權江東提舉常平。 久之，依舊直秘閣、江東提舉常平，仍兼知池州。 端平三年，召至闕下，遷尚右郎官，尋兼權左司郎官，遷右司郎官、試將作監兼右司郎中，兼提領鎮江、建寧府轉般倉，兼提領平江府百萬倉，兼提領措置官田。 進直寶謨閣、樞密副都承旨兼左司郎中。 進對，言：
Wang Boda, styled Youxue, was a native of Fuzhou. He received his jinshi degree in the seventh year of Jiading (1214). After serving as supervisor of the Ministry of Revenue archives, he was promoted to Rectifier of the Directorate of Education and appointed prefect of Linjiang; when famine struck that year, his famine relief measures were notably effective. He was then made Vice Director of the Directorate of Education and prefect of Xinyang, and later transferred to Chizhou as acting Jiangdong intendant of the Ever-Normal Granaries. After a time he was reappointed direct academician of the Secret Archive and Jiangdong intendant of the Ever-Normal Granaries, while continuing as prefect of Chizhou. In 1236 (Duanping 3) he was called to court, made Senior Right Bureau Gentleman, and soon given acting duty in the Left Bureau; he then became Right Bureau Gentleman and acting Director of Palace Construction with concurrent charge of the Zhenjiang and Jianning transit granaries, the Pingjiang million-grain storehouse, and the management of official farmland. He was promoted to direct academician of the Baomo Pavilion and Deputy Chief Coordinator of the Bureau of Military Affairs, retaining his post as Left Bureau Senior Gentleman. At an audience with the emperor he said:
4
今天下大勢如江河之決，日趨日下而不可挽。 其始也，搢紳之論，莫不交口誦詠，謂太平之期可矯足而待也； 未幾，則以治亂安危之制為言矣； 又未幾，則置治安不言而直以危亂言矣； 又未幾，則置危亂不言而直以亡言矣。 嗚呼，以亡為言，猶知有亡矣，今也置亡而不言矣。 人主之患，莫大乎處危亡而不知； 人臣之罪，莫大乎知危亡而不言。
The empire's situation today is like a river in flood, rushing ever downward with no way to turn it back. At first the talk among officials was unanimous in celebration, holding that an age of peace was only a step away; before long they were speaking of measures for order, disorder, safety, and peril; soon after they ceased to speak of peace and security and spoke outright of crisis and chaos; and still later they set crisis aside and spoke only of extinction. Alas—even to speak of ruin still meant ruin was acknowledged; now even ruin goes unmentioned. For a sovereign there is no greater peril than to stand in danger of ruin without knowing it; and for a minister there is no greater fault than to know the realm is in peril yet remain silent.
5
陛下親政，五年於茲，盛德大業未能著見於天下，而招天下之謗議者何其籍籍而未已也？ 議逸欲之害德，則天下將以陛下為商紂、周幽之人主； 議戚宦近習之撓政，則天下將以朝廷為恭、顯、許、史、武、韋、仇、魚之朝廷； 議奸儔佞朋之誤國，則天下又將為漢黨錮、元祐黨籍之君子。 數者皆犯前古危亡之轍跡，忠臣懇惻而言之，志士憤激而和之。 陛下雖日御治朝，日親儒者，日修辭飾色，而終莫能弭天下之議。 言者執之而不肯置，聽者厭之而不憚煩，於是厭轉而為疑，疑增而為忿，忿極而為愎，則罪言黜諫之意藏伏於陛下之胸中，而凡迕己者皆可逐之人矣。 彼中人之性，利害不出於一身，莫不破厓絕角以阿陛下之所好。 其稍畏名義者，則包羞閔默而有跋前疐後之憂； 若其無所顧戀者，則皆攘袂遠引，不願立於王之朝矣。
Your Majesty has held personal rule for five years, yet your great virtue and achievements have not made themselves felt throughout the land, while criticism and rumor about the court—how thick and unending they remain! When critics speak of how licentious desire undermines virtue, the realm will compare Your Majesty to King Zhou of Shang or King You of Zhou; when they speak of how imperial kin, eunuchs, and intimate favorites warp policy, the realm will see this court as no better than those of Gong, Xian, Xu, Shi, Wu, Wei, Qiu, and Yu; when they speak of how treacherous cliques and sycophantic factions mislead the state, the realm will again treat your upright men as victims of the Han faction ban or the Yuanyou party lists. Each charge retraces the path to ruin in ages past; loyal ministers speak with anguished sincerity, and men of principle answer them in righteous anger. Though Your Majesty daily holds court, daily keeps company with scholars, and daily polishes speech and demeanor, you still cannot quiet the talk of the realm. Speakers cling to their charges and will not relent; the listener grows weary and ceases to heed them—weariness turns to suspicion, suspicion to anger, and anger at last to obstinacy; then the wish to punish speech and silence remonstrance lodges in Your Majesty's heart, and anyone who crosses you becomes fit for dismissal. Men of middling character, whose interests begin and end with themselves, all trim their principles to curry favor with Your Majesty's tastes. Those who still care for reputation swallow their shame and hold their tongues, fearful of advancing only to be checked; while those with nothing left to lose all throw up their sleeves and withdraw, unwilling to remain at the royal court.
6
陛下試反於身而自省曰：吾之制行，得無有屋漏在上、知之在下者乎？ 徒見嬖昵之多，選擇未已，排當之聲，時有流聞，則謂精神之內守，血氣之順軌，未可也。 陛下又試於宮閫之內而加省曰：凡吾之左右近屬，得無有因微而入，緣形而出，意所狎信不復猜覺者乎？ 徒見內降幹請，數至有司，裏言除臣，每實人口，則謂浸潤之不行，邪徑之已塞，未可也。 陛下又試於朝廷政事之間而三省曰：凡吾之諸臣，得無有讒說殄行，震驚朕師，惡直醜正，側言改度者乎？ 徒見剛方峭直之士，昔者所進，今不知其亡，柔佞闒茸之徒，適從何來，而遽集於斯也，則謂舉國皆忠臣，聖朝無闕事，未可也。
Your Majesty should turn inward and ask: In my conduct, is there anything hidden in the rafters that those below already know? Yet one sees only a crowd of favorites, endless selection, and constant rumor of backstage deals—so to claim that your spirit is disciplined and your passions in order cannot yet be believed. Your Majesty should also look within the palace and ask: Among those at my side, is there no one who slipped in through small openings, acts through hidden channels, and through long familiarity is trusted without further vigilance? Yet one sees only palace petitions repeatedly reaching the ministries, private word removing officials that rumor always confirms—so to claim that gradual corruption has ceased and back channels are closed cannot yet be believed. Your Majesty should also examine the court and thrice ask: Among my ministers, is there no one who slanders the upright, shocks his teacher, hates integrity, and with crooked speech bends policy? Yet one sees only that the firm and upright whom you once advanced have vanished, while the soft, flattering, and base—whence did they come, that they now crowd the court?—so to claim that every subject is loyal and the sage reign lacks fault cannot yet be believed.
7
夫以陛下之好惡用舍，無非有招致人言之道； 及人言之來，又復推而不受。 不知平日之際遇信任者，肯為陛下分此謗乎？ 無也。 陛下誠能布所失於天下，而不必曲為之回護，凡人言之所不貸者，一朝赫然而盡去之，務使蠹根悉拔，孽種不留，如日月之更，如風雷之迅，則天下之謗，不改而自息矣。 陛下何憚何疑而不為此哉！
Your Majesty's likes and dislikes, appointments and dismissals—all invite public talk; and when that talk arrives, you push it away and refuse to hear it. Do those you favor and trust in ordinary times share this blame on your behalf? They will not. If Your Majesty would openly acknowledge your faults to the realm instead of bending to shield them, and in one swift stroke remove all whom public talk condemns, uprooting every rotten root and leaving no evil seed—swift as sun and moon, sharp as wind and thunder—then slander would die away without your having to answer it. What fear or doubt keeps Your Majesty from doing this!
8
又極言邊事，曲盡事情。
He also spoke at length on frontier affairs, laying out the situation in full detail.
9
以直寶謨閣知婺州。 遷秘書少監，拜司農卿，復為秘書少監，進太常少卿兼中書門下檢正諸房公事。 遷起居舍人，升起居郎兼權刑部侍郎。 臣僚論罷，以集英殿修撰提舉太平興國宮。 起，再知婺州，辭免，復舊祠。
He was appointed direct academician of the Baomo Pavilion and prefect of Wuzhou. He was promoted to Vice Director of the Secretariat, made Minister of Agriculture, returned to Vice Director of the Secretariat, and advanced to Vice Minister of Rites with concurrent duty rectifying the various offices of the Secretariat and Chancellery. He was made Diarist, then Senior Diarist with acting duty as Vice Minister of Justice. Criticized by fellow officials, he was dismissed and made Compiler at the Hall for Gathering Excellence with charge of the Taiping Xingguo Palace. He was recalled and again offered Wuzhou, but declined and was excused, returning to his former sinecure post.
10
鄭寀，不詳何郡人。 初歷官為秘書省校書郎兼國史編修、實錄檢討。 遷著作佐郎兼權侍右郎官，升著作郎兼侍講。 拜右正言，言：「丞相史嵩之以父憂去，遽欲起之，意甚厚也。 奈何謗議未息，事關名教，有尼其行。」 帝答曰：「卿言雖切事理，進退大臣豈易事也！」
Zheng Cai; his native commandery is not recorded. He first served as Collator of the Secretariat, concurrently compiling the National History and examining the Veritable Records. He was promoted to Assistant Compiler with acting duty as Attendant Right Bureau Gentleman, then to Compiler and Lecturer-in-Waiting. Appointed Right Rectifier, he said: "Chief Councillor Shi Songzhi has left office for his father's mourning, yet Your Majesty hastens to recall him—a generous intention indeed. Yet slander has not died down; the matter touches ritual propriety, and obstacles stand in the way." The emperor replied: "Your words hit the mark, but appointing and dismissing great ministers is no easy matter!"
11
擢殿中侍御史。 疏言：「台諫以糾察官邪為職，國之紀綱係焉。 比劉漢弼劾奏司農卿謝逵，陛下已行其言矣，未及兩月，忽復敘用，何其速也！ 漢弼雖亡，官不可廢。 臣非為漢弼惜，為朝廷惜也。」 又奏劾王瓚、龔基先、胡清獻，鐫秩罷祠，皆從之。 三人者，不才台諫也。
He was promoted to Attending Censor within the Palace. In a memorial he wrote: "The censorate and remonstrance offices exist to correct official misconduct; the state's discipline depends on them. When Liu Hanbi impeached Minister of Agriculture Xie Kui, Your Majesty acted on his charge—yet within two months Xie was suddenly restored. How swift was that reversal! Hanbi is dead, but his office cannot be rendered meaningless. I do not grieve for Hanbi; I grieve for the court." He also impeached Wang Zan, Gong Jixian, and Hu Qingxian, seeking their demotion and removal from sinecure posts; the emperor approved all three. All three were unworthy censors and remonstrators.
12
遷侍御史。 疏言：「比年以來，舊章寢廢。 外而諸閫，不問勳勞之有無，而爵秩皆得以例遷； 內而侍從，不問才業之憂劣，而職位皆可以例進。 執政之歸休田里者，與之貼職可也，而凡補外者，皆授之矣。 故自公侯以至節度，有同序補，自書殿以至秘閣，錯立周行。 名器之輕，莫此為甚。 無功者受賞，則何以旌有功之士； 有罪者假寵，則何以服無罪之人。 矧事變無窮，而名器有限，使名器常重於上，則人心不敢輕視於下，非才而罔功者不得覬幸於其間，則負慷慨之氣、懷功名之願者，陛下始可得而鼓舞之矣。」 遷左諫議大夫。
He was promoted to Attending Censor. In a memorial he wrote: "In recent years established regulations have fallen into disuse. In the circuits, merit no longer matters—ranks and titles advance by routine alone; within the court, talent no longer counts—attendant posts advance by routine alone. Retired chief councillors might receive nominal posts, yet every outer appointment is handed out the same way. Thus from dukes and marquises down to military commissioners, appointments follow the same sequence; from the Hall of Literature to the Secret Archive, offices crowd the same ranks. Never has the devaluation of honors been so extreme. When the undeserving are rewarded, how can the meritorious be honored? When the guilty receive favor, how can the innocent be persuaded? Moreover, crises are endless while honors are finite; if honors remain weighty at court, men below will not treat them lightly, and the talentless who claim merit cannot hope for reward—then men of generous spirit who seek achievement, Your Majesty may at last inspire them." He was promoted to Left Remonstrance Grandee.
13
淳祐七年，拜端明殿學士、同簽書樞密院。 以監察御史陳求魯論罷。 淳祐九年五月，卒。 寀之居言路，嘗按工部侍郎曹豳、主管吏部架閣文字洪芹，則大傷公論云。
In 1247 (Chunyou 7) he was made Academician of the Duanming Hall and Associate Signatory of the Bureau of Military Affairs. He was dismissed after Investigating Censor Chen Qiulu memorialized against him. He died in the fifth month of 1249 (Chunyou 9). While serving as a remonstrator, Cai once prosecuted Vice Minister of Works Cao Bin and Hong Qin, supervisor of Ministry of Personnel archive documents—a move said to have gravely offended public opinion.
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應㒡，字之道，慶元府昌國人。 刻志於學。 嘉定十六年，試南省第一，遂舉進士，為臨江軍教授。 入為國子學錄兼莊文府教授。 遷太學博士，又遷秘書郎，請蚤建太子。 入對，帝問星變，㒡請「修實德以答天戒」。 帝問州縣貪風，㒡曰：「貪黷由殉色而起。 成湯製官刑，儆有位，首及於巫風淫風者，有以也。」 帝問藏書，㒡請「訪先儒解經注史」，因及程迥、張根所著書皆有益世教。 帝善之。 遷秘書省著作佐郎兼權尚左郎官、兼翰林權直。 又遷著作郎，仍兼職，以言罷。
Ying You, styled Zhidao, was from Changguo in Qingyuan Prefecture. He devoted himself single-mindedly to study. In 1223 (Jiading 16) he placed first in the metropolitan examination, received his jinshi degree, and was appointed professor at Linjiang. He was called to the capital as Recorder of the Directorate of Education and professor of the Zhuangwen Palace. He was promoted to Erudite of the Imperial Academy, then Secretary, and urged the early establishment of a crown prince. At audience, when the emperor asked about celestial omens, You urged him to "cultivate genuine virtue to answer Heaven's warning." Asked about corruption in the prefectures and counties, You said: "Graft arises from indulgence in sensual pleasure. King Tang instituted official punishments to warn those in office, targeting first those given to shamanry and licentiousness—and he had good reason." Asked about the imperial library, You urged the court to "seek out former Confucians' commentaries on the classics and histories," noting that works by Cheng Jiong and Zhang Gen were all of benefit to moral education. The emperor approved. He was promoted to Assistant Compiler of the Secretariat with acting duty as Senior Left Bureau Gentleman and acting Hanlin duty officer. He was then made Compiler while retaining his concurrent posts, but was dismissed for his outspoken remonstrance.
15
淳祐二年，敘復奉祠。 遷宗正寺丞兼權禮部郎官，兼國史編修、實錄檢討，以言罷。 差知台州，召兼禮部郎官、崇政殿說書。 遷秘書少監，仍兼職，兼權直學士院。 又遷起居舍人、權兵部侍郎，時暫兼權吏部侍郎兼直學士院，帝一夕召㒡草麻，夜四鼓，五製皆就，帝奇其才。 遷吏部侍郎仍兼職。 進翰林學士兼中書舍人。
In 1242 (Chunyou 2) he was restored to a sinecure post by seniority. He was made Vice Director of the Court of the Imperial Clan with acting duty in the Ministry of Rites, concurrently compiling the National History and examining the Veritable Records, but was again dismissed for remonstrating. He was assigned prefect of Taizhou, then recalled to concurrent duty as Ministry of Rites Gentleman and Lecturer at the Chongzheng Hall. He was promoted to Vice Director of the Secretariat while retaining his concurrent posts and given acting duty in the Academy of Scholarly Worthies. He was then made Diarist and acting Vice Minister of War, and for a time also acting Vice Minister of Personnel with duty in the Academy of Scholarly Worthies. One night the emperor summoned him to draft edicts; by the fourth watch all five were finished, and the emperor marveled at his ability. He was promoted to Vice Minister of Personnel while retaining his concurrent posts. He was advanced to Hanlin Academician and Secretariat Drafter.
16
八年，授同知樞密院事兼參知政事。 九年拜參知政事，封臨海郡侯，乞歸田里。 以資政殿學士知平江府，提舉洞霄宮。 寶祐三年，殿中侍御史丁大全論罷，尋卒。 德祐元年，詔復元職致仕。
In the eighth year he was made Associate Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs and Vice Director of the Secretariat and Chancellery. In the ninth year he was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Chancellery, enfeoffed as Marquis of Linhai, and asked to retire to his home district. He was made Academician of the Zizheng Hall and prefect of Pingjiang, with charge of the Dongxiao Palace. In 1255 (Baoyou 3), Attending Censor Ding Daquan memorialized for his dismissal; he died soon after. In 1275 (Deyou 1) an edict restored his original rank in retirement.
17
徐清叟
Xu Qingsou
18
徐清叟，字直翁，煥章閣學士應龍之子。 嘉定七年進士。 曆主管戶部架閣，遷籍田令。 疏言：「邇者江右、閩嶠，盜賊竊發，監司帥守，未免少立威名，專行誅戮，此特以權濟事而已。 而偏州僻壘，習熟見聞，轉相仿效，亦皆不俟論報，輒行專殺。 欲望明行禁止，一變臣下嗜殺希進之心，以無墜祖宗立國仁厚之意。」 遷軍器監主簿。 入對，言：「太后舉哀之日，陛下以後服下同媵妾，令別置大袖一襲。 文思院觀望，欲如後飾，再造其一以進，詔卻之。 此真知嫡庶之辨者。 請宣付史館，以垂法後世。」
Xu Qingsou, styled Zhiweng, was the son of Xu Yinglong, Academician of the Huanzhang Pavilion. He received his jinshi degree in the seventh year of Jiading (1214). He served successively as supervisor of the Ministry of Revenue archives and was promoted to Registrar of Crown Lands. In a memorial he wrote: "Of late bandits have flared up in Jiangxi and the Fujian hill country. The circuit supervisors and military prefects, wishing to make a name for themselves, have resorted chiefly to executions—an expedient use of power, nothing more. Remote prefectures and isolated garrisons, having grown used to such examples, followed suit; everywhere men killed without awaiting imperial review or report. I beg Your Majesty to forbid this plainly and uproot the officials' craving for bloodshed as a path to promotion, lest we betray the humane magnanimity with which our founders built the dynasty." He was then made chief clerk of the Directorate of Armaments. At court he said: "When the Empress Dowager entered mourning, Your Majesty wore the empress's mourning dress in the same style as a lesser consort, with a separate set of wide sleeves provided. The Palace Atelier, taking its cue, tried to duplicate the empress's regalia and present a second set; the emperor ordered it rejected. This showed a true grasp of the distinction between legitimate wife and concubine. I ask that this be recorded in the Historiography Office as a lesson for future ages."
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遷太常博士。 入對，疏言：「陛下親政以來，精神少振而氣脈未復，條目畢舉而綱紀未張，公道若伸而私意之未盡克者，則亦風化之先務，勸戒之大權，與夫選用之要術，猶有闕略而未之講明者爾。 何謂風化之先務？ 曰原人倫以釋群惑者是已。 何謂勸戒之大權？ 曰惜名器以示正義者是已。 何謂選用之要術？ 曰因物望而進人才者是已。」 蓋欲請復皇子竑王爵，裁抑史彌遠恤典，召用真德秀、魏了翁也。
He was appointed Erudite of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. At an audience he submitted a lengthy memorial: "Since Your Majesty took personal rule in hand, your energy has stirred somewhat but the dynasty's pulse has not fully returned; programs are launched but discipline is not yet restored; public justice advances yet private interest is not wholly subdued. The foremost tasks of moral reform, the great leverage of admonition and restraint, and the essential art of appointing talent—all still lack clear exposition. What are the foremost tasks of moral reform? It is to return to the foundations of human relations and dispel public confusion. What is the great leverage of admonition and restraint? It is to treasure offices and honors so as to uphold right and justice. What are the essential techniques of selection and appointment? It is to advance talent according to genuine public esteem." — in substance he was urging restoration of Prince Gou's princely rank, reduction of Shi Miyuan's posthumous honors, and recall of Zhen Dexiu and Wei Liaoweng.
20
兼崇政殿說書。 遷秘書郎，升著作佐郎兼權司封郎官，遷軍器少監，皆兼職依舊。 遷將作監，拜殿中侍御史兼侍講。 遷太常少卿兼權戶部侍郎兼侍講。 三疏丐外，給事中洪谘夔、起居舍人吳泳皆抗疏留之。 尋權工部侍郎。 以右文殿修撰知泉州，集英殿修撰知靜江府、廣西經略安撫使。 遷侍右侍郎、主管雲臺觀。 召赴闕，遷戶部侍郎，再為侍右侍郎。 以寶章閣直學士知溫州，改知福建安撫使，改知婺州。 以煥章閣直學士差知泉州，辭免。 改知袁州，又改知紹興府、兩浙東路安撫使，辭免。 改知潭州，尋知廣州兼廣東經略安撫使。
He also served as lecturer of the Chongzheng Hall. He was made Secretary, then promoted to Associate Compiler with acting charge of the Directorate of Honors, then Vice Director of Armaments, retaining all his concurrent posts. He was appointed Director of Palace Construction and Palace Censor with concurrent lectureship. He was made Vice Minister of Rites with acting charge of the Ministry of Revenue and a concurrent lectureship. Three times he asked to leave the capital; Attendant Gentleman Hong Ziqi and Diary Attendant Wu Yong each submitted memorials urging that he be kept at court. He was soon given acting appointment as Vice Minister of Works. As Compiler of the Youwen Hall he governed Quanzhou; as Compiler of the Jiying Hall he governed Jingjiang as Guangxi Pacification Commissioner. He was promoted to Senior Gentleman of the Right and placed in charge of the Yuntai Observatory. Summoned to court, he was made Vice Minister of Revenue and again appointed Senior Gentleman of the Right. As Direct Academician of the Baozhang Pavilion he governed Wenzhou, then served as Fujian Pacification Commissioner, then as prefect of Wuzhou. Assigned to govern Quanzhou as Direct Academician of the Huanzhang Pavilion, he declined the post. He was reassigned to Yuanzhou, then to Shaoxing as Eastern Zhejiang Pacification Commissioner, and declined both appointments. He was transferred to Tanzhou and soon after governed Guangzhou as Guangdong Pacification Commissioner.
21
召赴闕，權兵部尚書兼侍讀。 淳祐九年，兼同修國史、實錄院同修撰，權吏部尚書，遷禮部尚書。 拜端明殿學士、簽書樞密院事，進同知樞密院事，封晉寧郡公。 奏修《四朝國史》志傳，五上章乞改機政，帝不許。 十二年，拜參知政事。 尋知樞密院事兼參知政事，監察御史朱應元論罷，以資政殿大學士提舉玉隆萬壽宮，改洞霄宮，復以監察御史朱熠論罷。 久之，以舊職提舉洞霄宮。
Summoned to court, he was given acting appointment as Minister of War with concurrent Reader-in-Waiting. In 1249 (Chunyou 9) he was made concurrent Compiler of the National History and Co-compiler of the Veritable Records, acting Minister of Personnel, and then Minister of Rites. He was appointed Academician of the Duanming Hall and Signing Secretary of the Bureau of Military Affairs, promoted to Vice Director of the Bureau, and enfeoffed as Duke of Jinning. He proposed compiling the annals and biographies for the Four Dynasties National History and five times asked to leave the central government; the emperor refused each time. In 1252 he was appointed Vice Grand Councillor. He soon became Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs while retaining his vice-councillor post, but Investigating Censor Zhu Yingyuan impeached him and he was dismissed to administer the Yulong Longevity Palace as Grand Academician of the Zizheng Hall; transferred to the Dongxiao Palace, he was dismissed again on impeachment by Investigating Censor Zhu Yi. After some time he returned to his former duty administering the Dongxiao Palace.
22
開慶元年，召赴闕，以舊職提舉佑神觀兼侍讀。 出知泉州，復提舉佑神觀。 景定三年，轉兩官致仕，卒，贈少師，諡忠簡。 清叟父子兄弟皆以風節相尚，而清叟劾罷袁甫，於公論少貶云。
In 1259 (Kaiqing 1) he was summoned to court to administer the Youshen Observatory with concurrent Reader-in-Waiting. He was sent out to govern Quanzhou, then again took charge of the Youshen Observatory. In 1262 (Jingding 3) he was advanced two ranks and retired; he died and was posthumously made Junior Mentor with the posthumous title Zhongjian (Loyal and Plain). The Qingsou family—father, sons, and brothers—were all known for their integrity, yet because Qingsou impeached Yuan Fu out of office, public esteem for him was somewhat diminished.
23
李曾伯
Li Cengbo
24
李曾伯，字長孺，覃懷人，後居嘉興。 歷官通判濠州，遷軍器監主簿，添差通判鄂州兼沿江制置副使司主管機宜文字。 遷度支郎官，授左司郎官、淮西總領。 尋遷右司郎官，太府少卿兼左司郎官，兼敕令所刪修官。 遷太府卿、淮東制置使兼淮西制置使，詔軍事便宜行之。 曾伯疏奏三事：答天心，重地勢，協人謀。 又言：「邊餉貴於廣積，將材貴於素儲，賞與不可以不精，戰士不可以不恤。」 又條上：「淮麵舟師之所當戒，湖麵險阻之所當治。」 加華文閣待制，又加寶章閣直學士，進權兵部尚書。
Li Cengbo, styled Changru, was a native of Tanhuai who later settled in Jiaxing. He served successively as vice-prefect of Bozhou and chief clerk of the Directorate of Armaments, then held additional appointment as vice-prefect of Ezhou with concurrent staff officer for the Riverine Pacification Commission. He was made Bureau Gentleman of the Revenue Section, then appointed Left Bureau Gentleman and Huai West Intendant. He was soon made Right Bureau Gentleman and Vice Director of the Palace Stores while retaining his Left Bureau post, and served concurrently as reviser at the Statute Revision Office. He was appointed Director of the Palace Stores and Pacification Commissioner for both Huai East and Huai West, with authority to handle military affairs as he saw fit. Cengbo memorialized on three points: heed Heaven's will, secure the terrain, and align human strategy. He also wrote: "Frontier supplies depend on ample stockpiles; commanders must be cultivated well in advance; rewards must be dispensed with care; and the fighting men must not be neglected." He further set forth: "The Huai frontier demands vigilance from the river fleets; the lake frontier's difficult terrain must be brought under control." He was promoted to Prepared Scholar of the Huawen Pavilion, then Direct Academician of the Baozhang Pavilion, and advanced to acting Minister of War.
25
淳祐六年正月朔，日食。 曾伯應詔，歷陳先朝因天象以謹邊備、圖帥材，乞早易閫寄，放歸田里。 又請修浚泗州西城。 加煥章閣學士，言者相繼論罷。
On the first day of the first month of 1246 (Chunyou 6), a solar eclipse occurred. Responding to the imperial summons, Cengbo reviewed how earlier reigns had used celestial warnings to tighten frontier defenses and cultivate commanders, and asked to be relieved of border command and sent home to his estate. He also requested dredging and repair of the western quarter of Sizhou. He was made Academician of the Huanzhang Pavilion, but successive impeachments by critics led to his dismissal.
26
九年，以舊職知靜江府、廣西經略安撫使，兼廣西轉運使。 陳守邊之宜五事。 進徽猷閣學士、京湖安撫制置使、知江陵府，兼湖廣總領，兼京湖屯田使，進龍圖閣學士。 疏言：「襄陽新復之地，城池雖修浚，田野未加辟； 室廬雖草創，市井未阜通。 請蠲租三年。」 詔從之。 加端明殿學士兼夔路策應大使。 進資政殿學士，制置四川邊麵，與執政恩例。 尋授四川宣撫使，特賜同進士出身。 召赴闕，加大學士，知福州兼福建安撫使。 辭免，以大學士提舉洞霄宮。
In 1249 he returned to his former duties as prefect of Jingjiang and Guangxi Pacification Commissioner, with concurrent charge of Guangxi transport. He presented five recommendations on frontier defense. He was promoted to Academician of the Huixuan Pavilion, Jing-Hu Pacification Commissioner, and prefect of Jiangling, with concurrent charge of Huguang supplies and Jing-Hu colonization, and then to Academician of the Longtu Pavilion. In a memorial he wrote: "Xiangyang is newly recovered territory. Though the walls have been repaired, the fields remain uncultivated; though shelters have been hastily erected, commerce has not yet revived. I ask that land tax be remitted for three years." The emperor approved. He was made Academician of the Duanming Hall with concurrent appointment as Kuizhou Response Commissioner. He was promoted to Grand Academician of the Zizheng Hall and made commissioner for the Sichuan frontier with privileges equal to those of the chief councillors. He was soon appointed Sichuan Pacification Commissioner and specially granted jinshi status. Summoned to court, he was made Grand Academician and appointed prefect of Fuzhou with concurrent charge as Fujian Pacification Commissioner. He declined the appointment and retired to administer the Dongxiao Palace as Grand Academician.
27
曾伯初與賈似道俱為閫帥，邊境之事，知無不言。 似道卒嫉之，使不竟其用云。
Cengbo had early served alongside Jia Sidao as a frontier commander and spoke frankly on every matter he knew concerning the border. Sidao ultimately came to resent him, and his talents were never fully put to use.
28
王野，字子文，寶章閣待制介之子也。 以父陰補官，登嘉定十二年進士第。 仕潭時，帥真德秀一見異之，延致幕下，遂執弟子禮。 德秀欲授以詞學，野曰：「所以求學者，義理之奧也。 詞科惟強記者能之。」 德秀益器重之。
Wang Ye, styled Ziwen, was the son of Jie, Prepared Scholar of the Baozhang Pavilion. He entered service through his father's yin privilege and received his jinshi degree in the twelfth year of Jiading (1219). While serving in Tanzhou, the prefect Zhen Dexiu was struck by him at first meeting, brought him onto his staff, and Ye thereafter treated him as his teacher. Dexiu wished to train him for the belles-lettres examination; Ye said: "What I seek in learning is the depth of moral principle. The belles-lettres examination is only for those with exceptional memories." Dexiu esteemed him all the more.
29
紹定初，汀、邵盜作，辟議幕參讚，攝邵武縣，後復攝軍事。 盜起唐石，親勒兵討之。 後為樞密院編修兼檢討。 襄、蜀事急，議遣使講和，時相依違不決。 史嵩之帥武昌，首進和議。 野言：「今日之事宜先定規模，並力攻守。」 上疏言八事。 繼為副都承旨，奏請「出師，絕和使，命淮東、西夾攻。 不然，利害將深。」 理宗深然之，令樞密院下三閫諭旨。 嘉熙元年，輪對，采事係安危者四端，而專以司馬光仁、明、武推說。 復推廣前所言八事，以孝宗講軍實激發帝意。
Early in the Shaoding era, when banditry broke out in Tingzhou and Shaowu, he was recruited to the advisory staff, served as acting magistrate of Shaowu County, and later again held acting military command. When bandits rose at Tangshi, he personally led troops against them. He later served as compiler and reviser at the Bureau of Military Affairs. As crises mounted in Xiangyang and Sichuan, the court debated sending peace envoys, but the chief councillors wavered and could not settle on a course. Shi Songzhi, commanding at Wuchang, was the first to propose making peace. Ye said: "Today's crisis demands that we first set a clear strategy and concentrate our forces for a united offensive and defense." He submitted a memorial outlining eight measures. He was then made Deputy Capital Commissioner and memorialized: "Send out the armies, sever all peace negotiations, and order coordinated attacks from Huai East and Huai West. Otherwise the damage will only grow worse." Emperor Lizong strongly agreed and ordered the Bureau of Military Affairs to convey his instructions to the three frontier commands. In 1237 (Jiaxi 1), at a rotating audience, he gathered four points bearing on the realm's security and expounded especially on Sima Guang's virtues of benevolence, discernment, and martial prowess. He again developed his earlier eight-point program, drawing on Emperor Xiaozong's emphasis on military readiness to stir the emperor's resolve.
30
淳祐初，自江西赴闕，奏祈天永命十事。 嵩之起復，傾國爭之，野上疏乞聽終喪，後又言嵩之當顯絕而終斥，益嚴君子小人之限。 拜禮部尚書，奏十事，終之曰：「陛下一心，十事之綱領也。」 前後奏陳，皆明正剴切，鑿鑿可行。 其為兩浙轉運判官，以察訪使出視江防，首嘉興至京口增修官民兵船守險備具。 為江西轉運副使、知隆興府，繼有它命，時以米綱不便，就湖口造轉般倉，請事畢受代。
Early in the Chunyou era he came from Jiangxi to court and presented his Ten Matters for Praying Heaven to Secure the Mandate. When Shi Songzhi was recalled from mourning before his term had ended, the whole court was in uproar; Ye memorialized asking that Songzhi be required to finish his mourning, and later argued that he should be definitively severed from office and finally expelled, sharpening the line between worthy ministers and unworthy ones. Appointed Minister of Rites, he memorialized ten matters and concluded: "Your Majesty's single-minded resolve is the backbone of all ten. His memorials, before and after, were all lucid, forthright, and eminently practicable. As Transport Judge of the Two Zhes, he toured the river defenses as an inspection envoy and from Jiaxing to Jingkou strengthened official and militia vessels and defensive installations along the strategic points. As Jiangxi Transport Vice Commissioner and prefect of Longxing, he was soon given another appointment; finding the rice transport system cumbersome, he built a transfer granary at Hukou and asked to be relieved once the project was complete.
31
知鎮江府，兼都大提舉浙西兵船。 江面幾千里，調兵捍禦，以守江尤重於淮，瓜洲一渡甚狹，請免鎮江水軍調發，專一守江，置遊兵如呂蒙所言「蔣欽將萬人巡江上」，增創水艦，就揚子江習水戰，登金山指麾之。 是冬，揚子橋有警，急調湯孝信所領遊兵救之而退。
He governed Zhenjiang as Grand Intendant of Zhe West military ships. The Yangtze stretches thousands of li, and its defense matters even more than the Huai line. The crossing at Guazhou is perilously narrow. He asked that Zhenjiang's naval forces be exempted from outside deployments so they could focus solely on river defense; he established mobile patrol units, as Lü Meng had put it, "with Jiang Qin leading ten thousand men to patrol the river"; built new warships; drilled his forces in river combat on the Yangtze; and directed exercises from atop Jinshan. That winter, when an alarm arose at Yangzi Bridge, he urgently dispatched the mobile forces under Tang Xiaoxin; the enemy withdrew after the relief arrived.
32
淳祐末，遷沿江制置使、江東安撫使、節制和州無為軍安慶府兼三郡屯田、行宮留守。 巡江，引水軍大閱，舳艫相銜幾三十里。 憑高望遠，考求山川險厄，謂要務莫如屯田。 講行事宜，修飭行宮諸殿室，推京口法，創遊擊軍萬二千，蒙衝萬艘，江上晏然。 寶祐二年，拜端明殿學士、簽書樞密院事，封吳郡侯。 與宰相不合，言者攻之，以前職主管洞霄宮。 卒，贈七官，位特進。
Late in the Chunyou era he was made Riverine Pacification Commissioner and Jiangdong Pacification Commissioner, with authority over Hezhou, the Wuwei garrison, and Anqing, concurrent colonization commissioner for three prefectures, and Palace Retainer. Patrolling the river, he held a grand naval review; the vessels stretched bow to stern for nearly thirty li. He surveyed the land from high vantage points, studied the difficult terrain of mountains and rivers, and maintained that among urgent priorities nothing mattered more than frontier garrison farming. He deliberated military measures, refurbished the halls of the imperial traveling residence, applied the defensive model used at Jingkou, raised a twelve-thousand-man strike force and ten thousand assault vessels, and brought calm to the Yangtze. In 1254 he was made Duanming Hall academician and associate commissioner of military affairs, and created marquis of Wu. At odds with the chief minister, he came under attack from censors and was sent back to his old post as superintendent of the Dongxiao Palace. He died; the court granted seven additional posthumous offices and promoted his rank to Exalted Grandee.
33
野因德秀知朱熹之學，凡熹門人高弟，必加敬禮。 知建寧府，創建安書院，祠熹，以德秀配。 有奏議、文集若干卷。 野工於詩，書法祖唐歐陽詢，署書尤清勁。
Through Zhen Dexiu, Wang Ye came to know Zhu Xi's teachings, and he invariably showed distinguished disciples in Xi's school added deference. As prefect of Jianning he founded Jian'an Academy, enshrined Zhu Xi there, and honored Zhen Dexiu as his associate in the sacrifice. His extant writings include several volumes of memorials and collected works. Wang Ye excelled at poetry; in calligraphy he modeled himself on the Tang master Ouyang Xun, and his signatures were especially clear and vigorous.
34
蔡抗，子仲節，處士元定之孫。 紹定二年進士。 其後差主管尚書刑、工部架閣文字。 召試館職，遷秘書省正字。 升校書郎兼樞密院編修官，遷諸王宮大小學教授。 疏奏：「權奸不可復用，國本不可不早定。」 帝善其言。 遷樞密院編修官兼權屯田郎官。 遷著作佐郎兼侍右郎官，兼樞密院編修官。 尋兼國史院編修官、實錄檢討官。 江東提點刑獄，加直秘閣，特授尚書司封員外郎，進直寶章閣，尋加寶謨閣，移浙東。 召為國子司業兼資善堂讚讀，兼玉牒所檢討官，時暫兼侍立修注官。 拜宗正少卿兼國子司業。 進直龍圖閣、知隆興府。 試國子祭酒兼侍立修注官。 拜太常少卿，仍兼資善堂翊善。 權工部侍郎兼國史院編修官、實錄院檢討官。
Cai Kang, whose courtesy name was Zhongjie, was grandson of the recluse Cai Yuanding. He passed the jinshi examination in 1229. He was then appointed to oversee archival records in the Secretariat's ministries of punishment and works. Summoned to an academy examination, he was made a rectifier in the Secretariat. He rose to collating secretary and concurrent compiler at the military affairs bureau, then became instructor at the princes' schools. He submitted a memorial: "The powerful minister must never be restored to office, and the succession cannot be left undecided." The emperor approved what he said. He became a military affairs compiler and acting supervisor of the garrison-colony bureau. He was made assistant historiographer, concurrent secretary on the right, and continued as military affairs compiler. Shortly afterward he also served as compiler of the national history and examiner of the veritable records. As judicial intendant for Jiangdong, he was made attendant in the Secret Repository, specially appointed deputy director in the personnel ministry, promoted to Baozhang Pavilion attendant, soon granted Baomo Pavilion status, and transferred to eastern Zhejiang. He was recalled as vice director of the Directorate of Education and reader to the Heir-Apparent Fostering Hall, with concurrent duties examining the imperial genealogy and, for a time, drafting while in attendance. He was appointed vice director of the imperial clan court while retaining his post as vice director of the directorate of education. Promoted to Dragon Diagram Hall attendant, he became prefect of Longxing. He served in an acting capacity as national university chancellor and drafter on attendance. He was made vice director of the court of imperial sacrifices while continuing as assistant instructor to the fostered heir. He served as acting vice minister of works and concurrent compiler of the national history and examiner of the veritable records.
35
遷工部侍郎，時暫兼禮部侍郎，兼權吏部尚書。 加端明殿學士、同簽書樞密院事，差兼同提舉編修《經武要略》。 同知樞密院事，拜參知政事。 落職予祠，起居郎林存請加竄削，從之。 未逾年，復端明殿學士、提舉洞霄宮。 乞致仕。 轉一官，守本官職致仕。 卒，諡文簡，以犯祖諱，更諡文肅。
Made vice minister of works, he briefly doubled as vice minister of rites and acting minister of personnel. He was made Duanming Hall academician and associate commissioner of military affairs, with concurrent charge of compiling the Essentials of Statecraft and Warfare. As vice commissioner of military affairs, he was appointed assistant counselor of state. Stripped of office and given a sinecure, he faced demands from attendance recorder Lin Cun for further punishment, which the court granted. Within a year he was restored as Duanming Hall academician and made superintendent of the Dongxiao Palace. He asked to retire. The court promoted him one rank and let him retire while retaining his honorary title. He died and was given the posthumous name "Refined and Simple," which was later changed to "Refined and Stern" because it clashed with an ancestral name.
36
張磻，字渭老，福州人。 嘉定四年進士。 歷官辟點檢贍軍激賞酒庫所主管文字，差主管尚書吏部架閣。 遷太常博士、宗正丞兼權兵部郎官。 遷國子祭酒，時暫兼權禮部侍郎，尋為真，兼國史編修、實錄檢討。 加集英殿修撰，差知婺州。 復為禮部侍郎、權兵部尚書，時暫兼權吏部尚書。 以右補闕程元鳳論罷。 寶祐三年，復權刑部尚書兼侍讀，拜端明殿學士、簽書樞密院事，升同知樞密院事兼參知政事。 五年，拜參知政事。 進封長樂郡公，轉三官，守參知政事致仕。 九月，卒。 遺表上，贈少師。
Zhang Pan, whose courtesy name was Weilao, came from Fuzhou. He passed the jinshi examination in 1211. In successive posts he served as drafter for the military reward wine warehouse, then supervised personnel ministry archives in the Secretariat. He became a court of sacrifices erudite, imperial clan director, and acting war ministry supervisor. He was made national university chancellor, briefly acting vice minister of rites before receiving the title permanently, and served concurrently as national history compiler and veritable records examiner. Raised to Hall for Assembling Excellence compiler, he was sent to govern Wuzhou. He again served as vice minister of rites and acting war minister, briefly doubling as acting personnel minister. Remonstrance clerk Cheng Yuanfeng's memorial brought about his dismissal. In 1255 he resumed as acting minister of punishment and reader-in-waiting, became Duanming Hall academician and associate military commissioner, then rose to vice commissioner and assistant counselor of state. In 1257 he was appointed assistant counselor of state. Created duke of Changle commandery, advanced three ranks, and retired with the rank of assistant counselor preserved. He died in the ninth month. After his final memorial reached the throne, the court posthumously appointed him junior preceptor.
37
馬天驥，字德夫，衢州人。 紹定二年進士，補簽書領南判官廳公事。 遷秘書省正字兼沂靖惠王府教授。 遷秘書省校書郎，升著作佐郎。 輪對，假司馬光五規之名，條上時敝，詞旨切直。 遷考功郎官，入對，言：「周世宗當天下四分五裂之餘，一念振刷，猶能轉弱為強，陛下有能致之資，乘可為之勢，一轉移間耳。」
Ma Tianji, whose courtesy name was Defu, came from Quzhou. A jinshi of 1229, he was appointed supplemental associate secretary in the southern district judge's office. He became a secretariat rectifier and instructor at the Yi-Jing-Hui princes' mansion. He was made secretariat collator and promoted to assistant historiographer. In a rotating audience he invoked Sima Guang's "Five Admonitions" to lay out the empire's ills in frank, forceful terms. Promoted to supervisor in the bureau of evaluations, he told the emperor at an audience: "After the realm had been torn apart, Emperor Shizong of Zhou with one resolve to reform still turned weakness into strength. Your Majesty has what it takes to do the same; seize the moment that is yours—it is only a matter of turning your mind."
38
遷秘書監、直秘閣、知吉州。 遷宗正少卿，以秘閣修撰知紹興府，主管浙東安撫司公事兼提舉常平。 權兵部侍郎，授沿海制置使，差知慶元府。 改知池州兼江東提舉常平。 改知廣州兼廣東經略安撫使。 寶祐四年，遷禮部侍郎，兼直學士院，兼侍讀，兼國子祭酒。 拜端明殿學士、同簽書樞密院事，封信安郡侯。 五年，以殿中侍御史朱熠、右正言戴慶炣、監察御史吳衍翁應弼等論罷，依舊職提舉洞霄宮。 景定元年，知衢州，以兵部侍郎章鑒論罷。 有旨，依舊職予祠。 起知福州、福建安撫使，以職事修舉，升大學士。 改知平江府。 又改知慶元府兼沿海制置使，提舉洞霄宮。 褫職罷祠。 咸淳三年，追奪執政恩數，送信州居住。 四年，放令自便，後卒於家。
He became director of the secretariat, attendant in the Secret Repository, and prefect of Jizhou. Made vice director of the imperial clan court, he governed Shaoxing as secret repository compiler, directed the eastern Zhejiang pacification commission, and concurrently oversaw the ever-normal granaries. He served as acting vice minister of war, was made coastal pacification commissioner, and was sent to govern Qingyuan. He was transferred to govern Chizhou while also supervising ever-normal granaries in Jiangdong. He was reassigned as prefect of Guangzhou and military commissioner and pacifier of Guangdong. In 1256 he became vice minister of rites, with concurrent posts in the Hanlin Academy, as reader-in-waiting, and as national university chancellor. He was made Duanming Hall academician and associate commissioner of military affairs, and created marquis of Xin'an. In 1257 palace censor Zhu Yi, remonstrance clerk Dai Qingke, supervising censors Wu Yan and Weng Yingbi, and others brought about his dismissal, and he returned to his old post as superintendent of the Dongxiao Palace. In 1260, while governing Quzhou, he was dismissed after war vice minister Zhang Jian impeached him. The court ordered him given a sinecure while retaining his former rank. Recalled to govern Fuzhou and pacify Fujian, he was promoted to grand academician for the competence of his administration. He was transferred to govern Pingjiang. He was again made prefect of Qingyuan and coastal pacification commissioner, and also superintendent of the Dongxiao Palace. His offices were stripped and his sinecure revoked. In 1267 the court stripped him of the privileges of his former chief-counselor rank and banished him to reside in Xinzhou. In 1268 he was allowed to go where he wished; he later died at home.
39
朱熠，溫州平陽人。 端平二年，武舉第一。 遷閣門舍人，差知沅州，改橫州，復為閣門舍人、知雷州。 入對，為監察御史陳垓論罷； 臣僚復論，降一官。 久之，授帶禦器械兼幹辦皇城司，差知興國軍。 遷度支郎官，拜監察御史兼崇政殿說書。 擢右正言，殿中侍御史兼侍講，遷侍御史。 寶祐六年，遷左諫議大夫。 拜端明殿學士、簽書樞密院事，同知樞密院事。 開慶元年，拜參知政事兼權知樞密院事。 景定元年，知樞密院事兼參知政事，兼太子賓客。 以舊職知慶元府、沿海制置使。 奉祠。 為監察御史胡用虎論罷。 久之，監察御史張桂、常茂相繼糾劾，送處州居住。 咸淳四年，詔令自便。 五年，侍御史章鑒復以為言，驅之還鄉，尋卒。 熠居言路彈劾最多，一時名士若徐清叟、呂中、尤焴、馬廷鸞，亦皆不免云。
Zhu Yi came from Pingyang in Wenzhou. In 1235 he placed first in the military examination. He became an attendant of the Gate of the Phoenix Tower, was sent to govern Yuanzhou, transferred to Hengzhou, and again served as gate attendant while governing Leizhou. At an audience he was dismissed after supervising censor Chen Gai impeached him; further memorials from officials led to a demotion of one rank. Long afterward he was made bearer of the imperial arms and director of affairs in the imperial city bureau, and sent to govern Xingguo. He became supervisor in the bureau of revenue, then supervising censor and lecturer at the Hall of Exalted Governance. He rose to remonstrance clerk on the right, palace censor and lecturer-in-waiting, then became attending censor. In 1258 he was made chief remonstrance officer on the left. He was made Duanming Hall academician and associate commissioner of military affairs, then vice commissioner of military affairs. In 1259 he was appointed assistant counselor of state and acting commissioner of military affairs. In 1260 he served as commissioner of military affairs and assistant counselor of state, and concurrently as guest of the heir apparent. He returned to his former posts as prefect of Qingyuan and coastal pacification commissioner. He was given a sinecure. Supervising censor Hu Yonghu's memorial brought about his dismissal. Long afterward supervising censors Zhang Gui and Chang Mao impeached him in turn, and he was banished to reside in Chuzhou. In 1268 an edict permitted him to go where he wished. In 1269 attending censor Zhang Jian again memorialized against him; he was driven back to his native place and soon died. On the censorial track Yi impeached more than anyone; even leading figures of the day such as Xu Qingsou, Lu Zhong, You Yun, and Ma Tingluan did not escape his attacks.
40
饒虎臣
Rao Huchen
41
饒虎臣，字宗召，寧國人。 嘉定七年進士。 歷官遷將作監主簿，差知徽州。 遷秘書郎，升著作郎兼權右司郎官。 遷兵部郎官兼權左司郎官，特授左司郎中。 遷司農少卿兼左司，兼國史編修、實錄檢討。 遷司農卿、直龍圖閣、福建轉運判官，浙東提點刑獄。 拜太府卿兼中書門下檢正諸房公事。 以秘閣修撰、兩浙轉運使權禮部侍郎，尋為真。 時暫兼權侍右侍郎。 寶祐六年，兼同修國史、實錄院同修撰，暫通攝吏部尚書。 拜端明殿學士、同簽書樞密院事。 開慶元年，同知樞密院事，兼權參知政事。 景定元年，拜參知政事。 殿中侍御史何夢然論罷，以資政殿學士提舉洞霄宮。 夢然再劾之，褫職罷祠。 四年，敘復元官，提舉太平興國宮。 卒。 德祐元年，禮部侍郎王應麟、右史徐宗仁乞追復元官，守資政殿學士致仕。
Rao Huchen, whose courtesy name was Zongzhao, came from Ningguo. He passed the jinshi examination in 1214. In successive posts he rose to registrar in the directorate of palace buildings and was sent to govern Huizhou. He became a secretariat secretary, then historiographer and acting supervisor in the right office. He became war ministry supervisor and acting left-office supervisor, then was specially appointed director of the left office. He was made vice director of the ministry of revenue with charge of the left office, and concurrently served as national history compiler and veritable records examiner. He became director of the ministry of revenue, Dragon Diagram Hall attendant, Fujian transport commissioner, and judicial intendant for eastern Zhejiang. He was appointed director of the palace storehouse and rectifier of the various offices under the Secretariat-Chancellery. As secret repository compiler and transport commissioner for the two Zhes, he served as acting vice minister of rites and soon received the title permanently. For a time he also served as acting vice minister of the right secretariat office. In 1258 he also served as associate compiler of the national history and veritable records, and for a time acted in overall charge as minister of personnel. He was made Academician of the Duanming Hall and Associate Signatory of the Bureau of Military Affairs. In 1259 (Kaiqing 1) he became Associate Commissioner of Military Affairs and acting Vice Grand Councillor. In 1260 (Jingding 1) he was made Vice Grand Councillor. Attending Censor He Mengran memorialized for his dismissal; he was made Academician of the Zizheng Hall with charge of the Dongxiao Palace. Mengran impeached him again; he was stripped of rank and dismissed from his sinecure. In the fourth year he was restored to his former rank and given charge of the Taiping Xingguo Palace. He died. In 1275 (Deyou 1), Vice Minister of Rites Wang Yinglin and Right Historiographer Xu Zongren petitioned to restore his former rank; he was permitted to retire as Academician of the Zizheng Hall.
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戴慶炣
Dai Qingke
43
戴慶炣，字彥可，溫州永嘉人。 淳祐十年進士。 歷官差主管戶部架閣文字。 召試館職，遷秘書省正字兼史館校勘。 升校書郎，遷右正言、左司諫、殿中侍御史。 升侍御史。 開慶元年，拜右諫議大夫。 尋加端明殿學士、簽書樞密院事兼權參知政事，同知樞密院事兼參知政事。 未幾，守本官致仕。 卒，贈特進、資政殿大學士。
Dai Qingke, styled Yanke, was from Yongjia in Wenzhou. He received his jinshi degree in the tenth year of Chunyou (1250). He served as assigned supervisor of Ministry of Revenue archive documents. Summoned to examination for an academy post, he was made Proofreader of the Secretariat and collator at the Historiography Institute. He was promoted to Collator, then Right Rectifier, Left Bureau Remonstrator, and Attending Censor within the Palace. He was promoted to Attending Censor. In 1259 he was made Right Remonstrance Grandee. Soon after he was made Academician of the Duanming Hall and Signatory of Military Affairs with acting duty as Vice Grand Councillor, then Associate Commissioner of Military Affairs and Vice Grand Councillor. Before long he retired while retaining his rank. He died and was posthumously made Special Advancement and Grand Academician of the Zizheng Hall.
44
皮龍榮
Pi Longrong
45
皮龍榮，字起霖，一字季遠，潭州醴陵人。 淳祐四年進士。 歷官主管吏部架閣文字，遷宗學諭，授諸王宮大小學教授兼資善堂直講。 入對，請「以改過之實，易運化之名，一過改而一善著，百過改而百善融。」 遷秘書郎，升著作郎。 入對，因及真德秀、崔與之廉，龍榮曰：「今天下豈無廉者，願陛下崇獎之以風天下，執賞罰之公以示勸懲。」 帝以為然。 兼兵部郎官、差知嘉興府。
Pi Longrong, styled Qilin and also known as Jiyuan, was from Liling in Tanzhou. He received his jinshi degree in the fourth year of Chunyou (1244). He served as supervisor of Ministry of Personnel archive documents, was made Instructor of the Imperial Clan School, and appointed professor in the princes' schools while also direct lecturer at the Hall of Cherishing Goodness. At audience he urged: "Let the reality of reform replace empty talk of transformation; correct one fault and one virtue will shine forth; correct a hundred faults and a hundred virtues will take root. He was made Secretary, then Compiler. At audience, when Zhen Dexiu and Cui Yuzhi's integrity came up, Longrong said: "Surely the realm still has upright men. Your Majesty should honor and reward them to set an example for all, and hold rewards and punishments fairly to encourage the good and warn the bad. The emperor agreed. He held concurrent duty as Ministry of War Gentleman and was assigned prefect of Jiaxing.
46
沈炎，字若晦，嘉興人。 寶慶二年進士。 調嵊縣主簿，廣西經略司準備差遣，湖南安撫司幹辦公事。 討郴寇有功，改知金華縣，沿江制置司幹官。 通判和州，沿江制置主管機宜文字。 監三省、樞密院門，樞密院編修官。 為監察御史、右正言、左司諫、殿中侍御史、侍御史。 景定元年，拜右諫議大夫。 加端明殿學士、同簽書樞密院事兼太子賓客。 二年，拜同知樞密院事，兼權參知政事，以資政殿學士提舉洞霄宮。 三年，進大學士，致仕。 卒，贈少保。 炎居言路，嘗按劾福建轉運使高斯得、觀文殿學士李曾伯、沿江制置司參謀官劉子澄、左丞相吳潛。 然論罷右丞相丁大全及其黨與，則為公論也。
Shen Yan, styled Ruohui, was from Jiaxing. He received his jinshi degree in the second year of Baoqing (1226). He was posted as registrar of Sheng County, preparatory officer on the Guangxi Pacification staff, and staff officer on the Hunan Pacification staff. For merit in suppressing bandits in Chenzhou, he was made prefect of Jinhua and staff officer on the Riverine Pacification Commission. He was made judicial intendant of Hezhou and chief planning officer on the Riverine Pacification staff. He supervised the gates of the Three Departments and Military Affairs Bureau and served as compiler at the Bureau of Military Affairs. He served as Investigating Censor, Right Rectifier, Left Bureau Remonstrator, Attending Censor within the Palace, and Attending Censor. In 1260 he was made Right Remonstrance Grandee. He was made Academician of the Duanming Hall and Associate Signatory of Military Affairs, concurrently Tutor to the Heir Apparent. In the second year he was made Associate Commissioner of Military Affairs and acting Vice Grand Councillor, then Academician of the Zizheng Hall with charge of the Dongxiao Palace. In the third year he was advanced to Grand Academician and retired. He died and was posthumously made Junior Guardian. While serving as a remonstrator, Yan prosecuted Fujian transport commissioner Gao Side, Guanwen Hall academician Li Cengbo, Riverine Pacification planning officer Liu Zicheng, and Left Chancellor Wu Qian. Yet in bringing down Right Chancellor Ding Daquan and his clique, he won public approval.
47
論曰：王伯大立朝直諒。 鄭寀、沈炎居言路，不辨君子小人，皆彈拄之，吾不知其何說也。 應㒡清慎沒世。 徐清叟風采凜乎班行之間。 李曾伯之治邊，短於才者也。 王野得名父師，而其學問益光。 蔡抗號為君子，史闕其事。 若張磻、馬天驥、饒虎臣未見卓然有可稱道者。 戴慶炣、皮龍榮登第皆未久而位至執政，龍榮不附權臣，為所擯斥而死，猶為可取，慶炣無所稱述焉。 朱熠在臺察如狂猘，遇人輒噬之云。
The historians comment: Wang Boda served at court with blunt integrity. Zheng Cai and Shen Yan, as remonstrators, failed to distinguish the upright from the base and impeached them indiscriminately—what principle they followed, I cannot say. Ying You remained pure and cautious to his dying day. Xu Qingsou's bearing stood out with stern dignity among his colleagues. Li Cengbo's management of the frontier revealed a man lacking in ability. Wang Ye had distinguished teachers, and his scholarship shone all the brighter for it. Cai Kang was called a gentleman, but the history records little of his deeds. Zhang Pan, Ma Tianji, and Rao Huchen show nothing outstanding worth praise. Dai Qingke and Pi Longrong both reached the highest offices soon after passing the examinations; Longrong refused to court powerful ministers, was driven out and died—yet that still merits respect; Qingke has nothing worth recording. Zhu Yi at the censorate was like a rabid dog—so it is said that he snapped at whoever he met.