1
霍安國李涓李邈劉翊徐揆陳遘趙不試趙令峸唐重郭忠孝程迪徐徽言向子韶楊邦乂
Huo Anguo, Li Juan, Li Miao, Liu Yi, Xu Kui, Chen Gou, Zhao Bushi, Zhao Lingcheng, Tang Chong, Guo Zhongxiao, Cheng Di, Xu Huiyan, Xiang Zishao, and Yang Bangyi.
2
霍安國
Huo Anguo.
3
李涓，字浩然，駙馬都尉遵勖曾孫也。 以蔭爲殿直，召試中書，易文階，至通直郎，知鄂州崇陽縣。 靖康元年，京城被圍，羽檄召天下兵。 鄂部縣七，當發二千九百人，皆未集，涓獨以所募六百銳然請行。 或謂：「盍徐之，以須他邑。」 涓曰：「事急矣，當持一信報天子，爲東南倡。」 而募士多市人，不能軍，涓出家錢買牛酒激犒之。 令曰：「吾固知無益，然世受國恩，唯直死耳。 若曹知法乎，'失將者死'，鈞之一死，死國留名，男兒不朽事也。」 衆皆泣。 即日，引而東，北過淮，蒲圻、嘉魚二縣之兵始至，合而前。 至蔡，天大雪，蔡人忽噪而奔，曰：「敵至矣。」 即結陣以待。 少焉，遊騎果集。 涓馳馬先犯其鋒，下皆步卒，蒙鹵盾徑進，頗殺其騎，且走。 涓乘勝追北十餘里，大與敵遇，飛矢蝟集，二縣兵亟舍去。 涓創甚，猶血戰，大呼叱左右負己，遂死焉，年五十三。 士卒死者六七。 上官有忌涓者，脅亡卒誣已遁。 明年，金兵去，蔡人以其屍歸。 朝廷錄其忠，贈朝奉郎，官其三子。
Li Juan, styled Haoran, was a great-grandson of Zunxu, Commandant of the Imperial Son-in-Law's Household. Through yin privilege he entered service as a palace attendant; after passing a Secretariat examination he transferred to the civil register, rose to Gentleman for Unimpeded Communication, and was appointed magistrate of Chongyang County in Ezhou. In the first year of the Jingkang reign, when the capital was besieged, urgent orders went out summoning troops from every quarter. Seven counties in the Ezhou circuit were to furnish twenty-nine hundred men, yet none had mustered; Juan alone, with six hundred troops he had raised, volunteered to march at once. Some urged him: "Why not wait until the other counties are ready?" Juan replied: "Matters are desperate. Someone must carry proof of loyalty to the emperor and rally the southeast." Most of his recruits were townsfolk untrained for war; Juan spent his own funds on beef and wine to hearten and reward them. He told them: "I know this may avail little, but our family has enjoyed the state's favor for generations; the only honorable course is to die standing. Do you know the law? 'He who loses his commander must die.' A single death in the scales—to die for the realm and leave one's name is the immortal deed of a true man." The men all wept. That same day he led them eastward; north of the Huai, the contingents from Puxian and Jiayu finally arrived, and they marched on together. At Cai a heavy snow fell; the townspeople suddenly panicked and fled, shouting that the enemy was upon them. Juan immediately formed battle lines to meet them. Soon enemy scouts appeared in force. Juan charged first at the enemy van; his foot soldiers advanced under covered shields, killed many horsemen, and drove the enemy back. Pressing the pursuit northward for more than ten li, he met the main enemy force; arrows fell thick as quills, and the troops from the two counties fled at once. Badly wounded, he fought on in a welter of blood, ordering his men to carry him forward, and died on the field at fifty-three. Six or seven out of ten of his soldiers perished. A superior who envied Juan forced a survivor to claim he had fled. The following year, after the Jin withdrew, the people of Cai brought back his body. The court honored his loyalty, posthumously promoting him to Gentleman for Court Audience and granting office to his three sons.
4
李邈，字彥思，臨江軍清江人。 唐宗室宰相適之之後。 少有才略，精悍敏決，見事風生。 以父任爲太廟齋郎。 初調安州司理，監潤州酒務。 用薦改京官，監在京竹木務，擢提轄環慶路糧草，通判河間府。
Li Miao, styled Yansi, came from Qingjiang in Linjiang Circuit. He was descended from Li Shizhi, a Tang imperial clansman who served as chancellor. From youth he showed talent and strategic sense—sharp, resolute, and swift in judgment, seizing affairs the moment they arose. Through his father's office he became a Temple Acolyte. He first served as judicial officer of Anzhou and as supervisor of Runzhou's wine monopoly. Recommended for capital service, he oversaw the metropolitan bamboo-and-timber office, was promoted to commissioner for Huanqing circuit grain supplies, and served as vice prefect of Hejian.
5
以迕蔡京、童貫，換右列，由承議郎換莊宅副使，知信安軍，遷知霸州，爲遼國賀正副使。 還，貫將連金人夾攻契丹，呼邈至私第，以語動之，使附己。 邈言契丹人未厭其主，貫懼邈有異議，即奏不俟對，令復任。 邈上書言：「契丹不可滅，苟誤機事，願誅臣以謝邊吏。」 都轉運使沈積中捃邈罪五十有三條，鞠治一無所得，乃以建神霄宮不如詔，免官。
After offending Cai Jing and Tong Guan he was shifted to military rank; from Gentleman for Courteous Deportment he became Vice Commissioner of the Imperial Manors, governed Xin'an Army and then Bazhou, and served as deputy envoy to the Liao New Year's court. On his return Tong Guan planned a joint Jurchen attack on the Khitan; he summoned Miao privately, tried to win him over, and wanted him in his camp. Miao said the Khitan had not yet abandoned their ruler; Guan, fearing dissent, memorialized that Miao resume his post without awaiting audience. Miao wrote: "The Khitan cannot be destroyed; if policy errs, execute me to satisfy the frontier commanders." Transport commissioner Shen Jizhong compiled fifty-three charges; investigation found nothing, and Miao was dismissed for building the Divine Empyrean Palace contrary to edict.
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久之，監在京染院，進都大提舉京西汴河堤岸。 盜起浙東，改江、淮、兩浙制置司管當公事，改知嚴州，代還。 貫欲以西師入燕，邈復語貫曰：「方臘小丑，一呼屠七州四十餘縣，竭數路之力而後能平之，殆天以此警公也，何可遽移之北乎？」 因密教貫陰佐契丹以圖金人，貫不能用，乃乞致仕。 貫收復燕山，奏邈知涿州，改易州，皆辭不赴。 歎曰：「國家禍亂自茲始矣！」
Later he supervised the capital dye works and was promoted Grand Commissioner for the Bian River embankments west of the capital. When bandits rose in eastern Zhe he served in the Jiang-Huai and Two-Zhe Pacification Office, then as prefect of Yanzhou, and returned when his term ended. Guan wanted western troops for Yan; Miao warned: "Fang La was a petty rebel, yet one call laid waste to seven prefectures and forty-odd counties—it took several circuits to crush him. Heaven may be warning you; why rush troops north?" He secretly urged Guan to back the Khitan against the Jurchen; Guan would not listen, and Miao sought retirement. After Guan recovered Yanshan he recommended Miao for Zhuozhou and Yizhou; Miao refused both posts. He sighed: "The realm's ruin begins here!"
7
金人犯京師，詔趣入見，邈慨然復起就道。 既至，會姚平仲戰不利，京師震動，上不以時賜對，問禦敵奈何？ 邈言：「勝負兵家之常勢，陛下無過憂，第古未有和戰不定而能成功者。」 因言：「種師道宿將，有重名，二敵所畏。 朝廷自主和議，而盡以諸道兵畀師道，視敵爲進退。 將在軍中，君命有所不受，使見可擊而進，勝固社稷之福； 不勝，亦足使敵知吾將帥有以國爲任者。」 上稱善，而耿南仲方主和議，不合，乃換右文殿修撰、京畿轉運使，辭不拜。
When the Jurchen struck the capital, an edict summoned him; Miao roused himself and set out once more. He arrived as Yao Pingzhong's defeat shook the capital; the emperor delayed audience and asked how to repel the enemy. Miao said: "Victory and defeat are the soldier's lot; Your Majesty need not despair—never has success come when war and peace waver together." He added: "Zhong Shidao is a seasoned commander both enemies respect. The court clung to peace while handing every circuit's troops to Shidao, letting the enemy dictate movement. In camp the commander need not obey every order; let him attack when he sees chance—victory blesses the altars; and even defeat would show the enemy our generals answer to the realm." The emperor approved, but Geng Nanzhong led the peace faction; passed over, Miao was offered Drafting Attendant and capital transport commissioner and declined.
8
金人猶駐毛駝崗，乃以邈爲京城西壁守禦使。 邈言：「姚平仲敗績，而敵猶不敢留，是畏我也。 不以種師道再戰，已失機會； 尚可尾其行，及河半渡擊之，猶足爲後戒。」 議復格。 三上章致仕，不允。 改主管馬軍公事、權樞密副都承旨，出爲河北西路制置使。 以措置山西塘灣、屯田、弓箭手事。 邈論塘灣不可爲，奪制置使，下遷提舉保甲，仍領措置司。 又論不已，再奪觀察使，則金兵將及境矣。 遂復舊官，守真定。 後二日，落階，拜青州觀察使，仍知府事。
With the Jurchen still at Maotuo Ridge, Miao was appointed defender of the capital's western wall. Miao said: "Yao Pingzhong lost, yet the enemy dared not remain—they fear us. Not to fight again under Zhong Shidao was already to miss the chance; yet we could still pursue and strike them mid-river—a lesson for generations." Deliberation was blocked again. He thrice asked to retire; the court refused. He became director of cavalry affairs and acting deputy director of the Bureau of Military Affairs, then pacification commissioner of Hebei West Circuit. He was charged with the Shanxi ponds, garrison farms, and archer militia. Miao argued the ponds were unworkable; stripped of the pacification post, he was demoted to militia commissioner while retaining the arrangements office. He argued relentlessly and lost his observer rank; by then the Jin were nearing the frontier. He was restored to his former rank and defended Zhending. Two days later he was demoted, appointed observer of Qingzhou, and still governed the prefecture.
9
邈始視事，兵不滿二千，錢不滿二百萬，自度無以拒敵，乃諭民出財，共爲死守。 民恃邈爲固，不數日，得錢十三萬貫、粟十一萬石，募民爲勇敢亦數千人。 而新集之兵皆無鬥志，金人至，邈乞師于宣撫副使劉韐，且間道走蠟書上聞，皆不報。 城被圍，且戰且守，相持四旬。 城破，邈巷戰不克，將赴井，左右持之不得入。 斡離不脅邈拜，不拜，以火燎其鬚眉及兩髀，亦不顧，乃拘于燕山府。
On taking office he had fewer than two thousand troops and less than two million in cash; knowing he could not hold alone, he called on the people to fund a last stand. Trusting Miao, within days they raised 130,000 strings of cash and 110,000 piculs of grain and several thousand militia. The new levies lacked spirit; when the Jin came Miao begged Liu Ni for aid and sent secret dispatches—none answered. Besieged, they fought and held for forty days. When the city fell he fought in the alleys; barred from a well by his attendants, he could not drown himself. Wolibu demanded obeisance; Miao refused; they burned his beard, brows, and thighs—he did not flinch—and held him in Yanjing.
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金人問曰：「集民兵擊我，謂我爲賊，何也？」 邈曰：「汝負盟，所至掠吾金帛子女，何諱吾言敵？」 不能屈。 久之，欲以邈知滄州，笑而不答。 且說之曰：「天下強弱之勢安有常，特吾中國適逢其隙耳。 汝不以此時歸二帝及兩河地，歲取重幣如契丹，以爲長利，強尚可恃乎？」 金人諱其言，命邈被髮左衽，邈憤，詆毀甚力，金人撾其口，猶吮血噀之。 翼日，自去發爲浮屠，金人大怒，遂遇害。 將死，顏色不變，南向再拜，端坐就戮，燕人爲之流涕。 高宗贈昭化軍節度使，諡曰忠壯。
The Jurchen asked: "You raised militia, called us bandits, and attacked us—why?" Miao said: "You broke faith and seize gold, silk, and daughters wherever you march—why should I not call you enemies?" They could not break him. Later they offered him Cangzhou; he laughed and was silent. They lectured him: "Power shifts; China merely met misfortune. Return the two emperors and the Two He, take tribute like the Khitan did—can you count on strength forever?" They ordered him to wear Jurchen dress; furious, he cursed them; they beat his mouth, and he spat blood in their faces. The next day he tonsured himself as a monk; enraged, they executed him. At death his face did not change; he bowed south twice, sat upright to the blade, and men of Yan wept. Gaozong posthumously made him military commissioner of Zhaohua with the posthumous name Loyal and Stalwart.
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劉翊，靖康元年，以吉州防禦使爲真定府路都鈴轄。 金人攻廣信、保州不克，遂越中山而攻真定。 翊率衆晝夜搏戰城上。 金兵初攻北壁，翊拒之，乃偽徙攻東城，宣撫使李邈復趣翊往應； 越再宿，潛移攻具還薄北城，衆攀堞而上，城遂陷。 邈就執，翊猶集左右巷戰，已而稍亡去，翊顧其弟曰：「我大將也，其可受賊戮乎！」 挺身潰圍欲出，諸門已爲敵所守，乃之孫氏山亭中，解絛自縊死。
Liu Yi—in Jingkang's first year became chief controller of the Zhending circuit as defender of Jizhou. The Jin failed against Guangxin and Baozhou, bypassed Zhongshan, and struck Zhending. Yi led the garrison in ceaseless fighting on the walls. The Jin first assaulted the north wall; Yi held them; they feigned an attack on the east, and Li Miao ordered Yi to shift there; after two nights they secretly moved engines north again; soldiers scaled the wall and the city fell. Miao was taken; Yi still fought in the alleys; as men fled he told his brother: "I am a great general—I will not die at bandits' hands!" He charged the encirclement; every gate was held; at the Sun family pavilion he hanged himself with his sash.
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徐揆，衢州人。 游京師，入太學。 靖康元年，試開封府進士，爲舉首，未及大比而遭國難。 欽宗詣金營不歸，揆帥諸生扣南薰門，以書抵二酋，請車駕還闕。 其略曰：「昔楚莊王入陳，欲以爲縣，申叔時諫，復封之。 後世君子，莫不多叔時之善諫，楚子之從諫，千百歲之下，猶想其風采。 本朝失信大國，背盟致討，元帥之職也； 郡城失守，社稷幾亡而存，元帥之德也； 兵不血刃，市不易肆，生靈幾死而活，元帥之仁也； 雖楚子存陳之功，未能有過。 我皇帝親屈萬乘，兩造轅門，越在草莽，國中喁喁，跂望屬車之塵者屢矣。 道路之言，乃謂以金銀未足，故天子未返，揆竊惑之。 今國家帑藏既空．編民一妾婦之飾，一器用之微，無不輸之公上。 商賈絕跡，不來京邑，區區豈足以償需索之數。 有存社稷之德，活生靈之仁，而以金帛之故，留質君父。 是猶愛人之子弟，而辱其父祖，與不愛無擇，元帥必不爲也。 願推惻隱之心，存始終之惠，反其君父，班師振旅，緩以時日，使求之四方，然後遣使人奉獻，則楚封陳之功不足道也。」 二酋見書，使以馬載揆至軍詰難，揆厲聲抗論，爲所殺。 建炎二年，追錄死節，詔贈宣教郎，而官其後。
Xu Kui was from Quzhou. He studied at the capital and entered the Imperial College. In Jingkang's first year he topped the Kaifeng metropolitan examination; before the palace exam calamity struck. When Qinzong went to the Jin camp and did not return, Kui led students to the Southern Fragrance Gate and petitioned the two Jin commanders to send the emperor home. His letter recalled how King Zhuang of Chu wished to annex Chen until Shen Shushi persuaded him to restore Chen as a fief. Later ages praised the minister's counsel and the king's heed—men still honor their example after a thousand years. Our court broke faith with a great power and invited war—that is a commander's office; the capital nearly fell yet stood—that is your merit; you took the city without slaughter and markets stayed open—the people lived—that is your mercy; even King Zhuang's mercy in sparing Chen cannot match this. Our emperor humbled himself at your gates; he lingers in the wild while the realm strains toward the dust of his carriage. Rumor says gold and silver alone detain him; I cannot believe it. The treasury is empty; every trinket of the people has gone to the state. Merchants no longer come to the capital—how can scraps satisfy your demands? To save the realm yet hold the emperor for gold— is like honoring sons while shaming their fathers—you would not do this. Extend mercy, return our emperor, withdraw in order, grant time to gather tribute from the four quarters—then Chen's restoration would seem a small kindness." The two commanders read the letter, had Kui brought to camp on horseback for questioning; he answered fiercely and was killed. In Jianyan's second year the court honored his martyrdom, posthumously promoting him to Instructor in the Edict and granting office to his kin.
13
陳遘，字亨伯，其先自江寧徙永州。 登進士第。 知莘縣，爲治有績，魏尹蔣之奇、馮京、許將交薦之。 知雍丘縣，徽宗將以爲御史，而遭父祐甫憂。 畢喪，爲廣西轉運判官。 蔡京啟蠻徭地，建平、從、允三州，遘言：「蠻人幸安靜，輕擾以兆釁，不可。」 京惡之，以他事罷歸。
Chen Gou, styled Hengbo, came of a family that had moved from Jiangning to Yongzhou. He passed the jinshi examination. As magistrate of Xin County he governed well; Jiang Zhiqi, Feng Jing, and Xu Jiang of Wei prefecture all recommended him. Serving Yongqiu, he was slated for the censorate when his father Youfu died. After mourning he became transport judge of Guangxi. Cai Jing opened tribal lands and founded three prefectures; Gou warned: "The tribes prize peace—provoke them and trouble follows." Jing resented him and removed him on a pretext.
14
旋知商州、興元府，入爲駕部、金部員外郎。 張商英得政，用爲左司員外郎。 俄擢給事中，會商英免相。 蔡薿攝封駁，力沮止之，遘懼，請外。 以直秘閣爲河北轉運使，加直龍圖閣，徙陝西。 召還京師，而蔡京復相，再使河北，徙淮南。 帝將易置發運使，命選諸道計臣有閥閱者，執政以遘言，京曰：「職卑不可用，願更選。」 帝曰：「可除集英殿修撰使往。」 京乃不敢言。 遂爲副使，未幾，升爲使。 朝廷方督綱餉，運渠壅澀，遘使決呂城、陳公兩塘達于渠。 漕路甫通，而朱勔花石綱塞道，官舟不得行。 遘捕系其人，而上章自劾。 帝爲黥勔人，進遘徽猷閣待制。
He soon governed Shangzhou and Xingyuan and entered the capital as a Ministry of Revenue secretary. Under Zhang Shangying he served as left-department vice director. He was soon made drafting attendant; then Shangying fell from power. Cai Yu blocked the appointment; Gou feared him and sought a provincial post. As Direct Secretariat Attendant he became Hebei transport commissioner, gained the Dragon Diagram title, and was transferred to Shaanxi. Recalled, then sent again to Hebei and Huainan when Cai Jing returned. The emperor sought a new transport chief; ministers named Gou; Jing said his rank was too low. The emperor said: "Promote him to Drafting Attendant of the Hall of Assembled Eminence and send him." Jing held his tongue. He became deputy commissioner, then commissioner. With grain transport urgent and canals choked, he opened the Lücheng and Chen'gong ponds to the channel. The route had barely opened when Zhu Mian's tribute convoys blocked official traffic. Gou arrested the offenders and memorialized against himself. The emperor branded Mian's men and promoted Gou to Awaiting Drafting Attendant of the Huixian Pavilion.
15
宣和二年冬，方臘亂，詔以屬遘。 遘言：「臘始起青溪，衆不及千，今脅從已過萬，又有蘇州石生、歸安陸行兒，皆聚党應之。 東南兵弱勢單，士不習戰，必未能滅賊。 願發京畿兵、鼎澧槍盾手，兼程以來，庶幾蜂起愚民。 不至滋蔓。」 帝悉行其言。
In Xuanhe's second winter Fang La rebelled; Gou was put in charge. Gou reported: "La began with under a thousand at Qingxi; coerced followers now exceed ten thousand; others rally in Suzhou and Gui'an. Southeastern forces are weak and untrained—they cannot destroy the rebels alone. Send capital troops and Ding-Li spearmen at forced march lest the revolt spread. Thus the uprising may be contained." The emperor adopted his plan.
16
加龍圖閣直學士，經制七路，治于杭。 時縣官用度百出，遘創議度公私出納，量增其贏，號「經製錢」。 其後總制使翁彥國仿其式，號「總製錢」。 于是天下至今有「經總製錢」名，自兩人始也。
He was made Direct Dragon Diagram Academician, commissioner over seven circuits, based at Hangzhou. With expenses soaring, he devised "commissioner funds" by measuring public and private intake and increasing surcharges. Later Weng Yanguo copied the scheme as "aggregate funds." Hence the lasting name "commissioner-aggregate funds," from these two men.
17
又言：「妖賊陵暴州縣，唯搜求官吏，恣行殺戮。 往往斷截支體，探取肺肝，或熬以鼎油，或射以勁矢，備極慘毒，不廠怨心。 蓋貪污嗜利之人，倚法侵牟騷動，不知藝極。 積有不平之氣，結于民心，一旦乘勢如此，可爲悲痛！ 此風不除，必更生事。 臣願采摭官吏奸贓尚仍舊習者，按治以聞，乞重置于理。」 許之。
He wrote: "The rebels ravage counties, hunting officials and slaughtering without mercy. They mutilate bodies, boil victims in oil, shoot them with heavy arrows—cruelty without end. Greedy officials who extort by law have no limit. Years of injustice bred this rage—how tragic. Unless this is checked, rebellion will rise again. He asked to investigate corrupt officials still at their old ways and punish them severely." The throne agreed.
18
又進學士，凡所施置，以御筆先下。 于是劾越州王仲薿糾市民造金茶器，減直買軍糧券，而以私錢取之，仲薿坐黜。 杭經巨寇後，河渠堙窒，邦人以水潦爲病。 前守數請于朝，皆以勞費輟役。 遘以冬月檄真、揚、潤、楚諸郡，凡守閘綱卒，悉集治所。 先是，當閉閘，群卒無以食，率凍餓不自聊。 聞命，相率呼舞以來者二千人，用其力治河，不兩月畢，杭人利焉。
Promoted again, his measures came preceded by imperial brush orders. He impeached Wang Zhong'ai of Yue for extorting gold tea sets and cheating grain tickets; Zhong'ai was dismissed. After the rebellion Hangzhou's waterways were choked and floods plagued the people. Earlier prefects had begged the court for dredging; cost always stopped them. In winter he summoned gate guards from Zhen, Yang, Run, and Chu to the prefectural seat. Those soldiers had often starved when gates closed for winter. Two thousand came gladly; in under two months the river was cleared to Hangzhou's benefit.
19
徙河北都轉運使，進延康殿學士，曆知中山、真定、河間府。 欽宗立，加資政殿學士，積官至光祿大夫。 復爲真定，又徙中山。 金人再至，遘冒圍入城，堅壁拒守。 詔康王領天下大元帥，命遘爲兵馬元帥。 受圍半年，外無援師。 京都既陷，割兩河求和。 遘弟光祿卿適至中山，臨城諭旨，遘遙語之曰：「主辱臣死。 吾兄弟平居以名義自處，寧當賣國家爲囚孥乎？」 適泣曰：「兄但盡力，勿以弟爲念。」
He became Hebei chief transport commissioner, Yankang academician, and governed Zhongshan, Zhending, and Hejian. Under Qinzong he rose to Zizheng academician and Grandee of Splendid Happiness. He returned to Zhending, then moved to Zhongshan. When the Jin returned, Gou broke through the siege into the city and held firm. The Prince of Kang was made grand marshal; Gou was made army-and-horse marshal. Besieged half a year, no relief came. When the capital fell, the Two He were ceded for peace. His brother Shi arrived with the edict; Gou shouted from the wall: "The ruler is shamed—ministers must die. We live by honor—how could we sell the realm and become prisoners?" Shi wept: "Brother, fight on—forget me."
20
遘呼總管使盡括城中兵擊賊，總管辭，遂斬以徇。 又呼步將沙振往。 振素有勇名，亦固辭，遘固遣之。 振怒且懼，潛衷刃入府。 遘妾定奴責其輒入，振立殺之，遂害遘于堂，及其子錫並僕妾十七人。 長子钜以官淮南獲免。 振出，帳下卒噪而前曰：「大敵臨城，汝安得殺吾父？」 執而捽裂之，身首無餘。 城中無主，乃開門出降。 金人入見其屍曰：「南朝忠臣也。」 斂而葬諸鐵柱寺。 建炎初，贈特進。
Gou ordered the chief controller to rally every soldier; the man refused and Gou beheaded him. He then sent infantry commander Sha Zhen. Zhen, famed for courage, refused; Gou insisted. Angry and afraid, Zhen hid a blade and entered the hall. Concubine Dingnu scolded his intrusion; he killed her, then Gou in the hall, his son Xi, and seventeen household members. Eldest son Ju, serving in Huainan, survived. Zhen fled; soldiers cried: "The enemy is at the gates—how dare you kill our leader?" They seized and tore him limb from limb. Leaderless, the city opened the gates and surrendered. The Jin, seeing his body, said: "A loyal minister of the Song." They buried him at the Iron Pillar Temple. Early in Jianyan he was posthumously made Special Grandee.
21
遘性孝友，爲人寬厚長者。 任部刺史二十年，每出行郡邑，必焚香祈天，願不逢貪濁吏。 嘗薦王安中、呂頤浩、張愨、謝克家、何鑄，後皆至公輔，世以爲知人。
Gou was filial, friendly, generous, and long-tempered. For twenty years as prefect he burned incense whenever he toured a county, praying not to meet corrupt officials. He recommended Wang Anzhong, Lü Yihao, Zhang Kai, Xie Kejia, and He Zhu—all later reached high office; men called him a judge of talent.
22
適由開封少尹、衛尉少卿至光祿卿。 是役也，金人執之以北。 後十年，死于雲中。
Shi rose from Kaifeng vice magistrate to Chamberlain for Imperial Sacrifices. In this war the Jin seized him and took him north. He died in Yunzhong ten years later.
23
趙不試
Zhao Bushi.
24
趙不試，太宗六世孫。 宣和末，通判相州，尋權州事兼主管真定府路經略安撫公事。 建炎元年，知相州。 初，汪伯彥既去相，金人執其子似，遣來割地，似至相，不試固守不下。 明年，金人大入。 州久被圍，軍民無固志，不試謂之曰：「今城中食乏，外援不至。 不試，宗子也，義不降，計將安出？」 衆不應。 不試知事不可爲，遂登城與金人約勿殺，許之。 既啟門，乃納其家井中，然後以身赴井，命提轄官實以土。 州人皆免于死。
Zhao Bushi was a sixth-generation descendant of Emperor Taizong. Late in Xuanhe he was vice prefect of Xiangzhou, then governed it and directed Zhending pacification. In Jianyan's first year he became prefect of Xiangzhou. After Wang Boyan left, the Jin took his son Si hostage to demand territory; at Xiang, Bushi refused. The next year the Jin invaded in force. Long besieged, morale failed; Bushi told them: "Food is scarce and no aid comes. I am imperial kin and will not surrender—what shall we do?" The people were silent. Seeing no hope, he climbed the wall and bargained that the Jin spare the people; they agreed. When the gates opened he cast his family into a well, then followed and ordered it filled with earth. The people were spared.
25
趙令峸
Zhao Lingcheng.
26
趙令峸，燕懿王玄孫，安定郡王令衿兄也。 初名令裨。 建炎初，仕至鄂州通判，領兵戍武昌。 賊閻瑾犯黃州，縱掠而去。 令峸渡江存撫之，黃人乃安。 李綱言于上，擢直龍圖閣、知黃州，賜今名。 奉詔修城，凡六月而畢。 賊張遇過城下，招令峸。 度不能拒，出城見之，遇飲以酒，一舉而盡，曰：「固知飲此必死，願勿殺軍民。」 遇驚曰：「先以此試公耳。」 更取毒酒沃地，地裂有聲，乃引軍去。 未幾，丁進、李成兵迭至，俱擊卻之。 叛將孔彥舟又引兵圍城，率民兵固守，凡六日乃解。
Zhao Lingcheng was a great-grandson of Prince Yiyi of Yan and elder brother of Prince Anding Lingqin. He was first named Lingpi. Early in Jianyan he was vice prefect of Ezhou, garrisoning Wuchang. The rebel Yan Jin raided Huangzhou and withdrew. Lingcheng crossed the river to reassure the people; Huangzhou calmed. Li Gang recommended him; he was made prefect of Huangzhou with his present name. Ordered to repair the walls, he finished in six months. Soon the bandit Zhang Yu passed the walls and summoned Lingcheng. Knowing he could not hold, he went out; Yu offered wine; he drank it off and said: "I know this is death—spare my soldiers and people." Yu said in alarm: "I was only testing you." He poured poisoned wine on the ground; the earth cracked audibly, and he withdrew. Soon Ding Jin and Li Cheng attacked in turn; he repulsed them both. The rebel Kong Yanzhou besieged the city again; Lingcheng held with militia until the siege lifted after six days.
27
三年，以內艱去，詔起復。 時金人聞孟太后在南昌，欲邀之，徑犯黃州。 令峸已還在道，郡卒得金人木笴鑿頭箭，浮江告急。 令峸疾趨，夜半入城。 金人力攻，翼日城陷。 金人欲降之，大罵不屈，酌以酒，揮之不肯飲，又衣以戰袍，曰：「我豈當服！」 金人曰：「趙使君何堅執膝？」 曰：「但當拜祖宗，豈能拜犬彘！」 金人怒鞭之，流血被面，罵不絕口而死。 事聞，贈徽猷閣待制，諡曰湣忠。 州人乞立廟，從之。 初，城破，都監王達、判官吳源、巡檢劉卓，皆以不屈死焉。
In the third year he left for mourning; an edict ordered him back to duty. The Jin learned Empress Dowager Meng was at Nanchang and marched straight on Huangzhou to seize her. Lingcheng was still en route when garrison troops found Jin arrows on the river and brought word of attack. He raced back and entered the city at midnight. The Jin assaulted fiercely; the city fell the next day. They tried to break him; he cursed and refused wine; they dressed him in a battle robe—"How should I wear this?" They asked why he would not kneel. He said: "I bow only to ancestors—not to dogs and swine!" They flogged him until blood covered his face; he cursed them to the end and died. The court posthumously made him Huixian Attendant with the posthumous name Steadfast in Loyalty. The people petitioned for a temple; the court agreed. When the city fell, Controller Wang Da, Administrator Wu Yuan, and Inspector Liu Zhuo also died refusing surrender.
28
唐重，字聖任，眉州彭山人。 少有大志。 大觀三年進士。 徽宗親策士，問以制禮作樂，重對曰：「事親從兄，爲仁義禮樂之實。 陛下以神考爲父，哲宗爲兄，盍亦推原仁義之實而已，何以製作爲？」 授蜀州司理參軍，改成都府府學教授，知懷安軍金堂縣，授辟雍錄。
Tang Chong, styled Shengren, was from Pengshan in Meizhou. From youth he burned with ambition. He passed the jinshi in Daguan's third year. Huizong examined candidates on rites and music; Chong answered: "Filial piety and brotherhood are the substance of ritual—not mere ceremony. You honor Shenzong as father and Zhezong as brother—live their benevolence; why fixate on formal regulation?" He served as Shu judicial officer, Chengdu professor, magistrate of Jintang, and Imperial College recorder.
29
先是，朝廷以拓土爲功，邊帥爭興利以徼賞，凡蜀東西、夔峽路及荊湖、廣南，皆誘近邊蕃夷獻其地之不可耕者，謂之納土，因置州縣，所至騷然。 重以其利害白之宰相，因是薦之，召對。 遷吏部員外郎、左司郎官、起居舍人。
The court prized territorial expansion; frontier generals bribed tribes to "present" barren land and founded prefectures—everywhere brought unrest. He explained the policy's harm to the chancellor, was recommended, and was summoned to court. He rose to vice director of Personnel, left-department director, and drafting attendant.
30
金人入京師，重言：「開邊之禍，起于童貫，故金人以貫爲禍首。 若斬貫首，遣人傳送于金，尚可緩兵。」 或獻議遠避，重聞衛士語，以告于朝，始定守城之計。 擢右諫議大夫。 時宰執各主和戰二議，重上疏乞命其廷辨得失。 金人要求金帛，中書侍郎王孝迪下令，有匿金銀者死，許人告。 重曰：「如此，則子得以告父，弟得以告兄，奴婢得以告主矣，豈初政所宜？」 即與御史抗論，乃止。 又累疏乞斬蔡京父子以謝天下。 尋遷中書舍人，詞命多所繳奏。 又言：「近世不次用人，其間致身宰輔，有未嘗一日出國門者。 乞先補外，以爲之倡。」 上開納，而宰相執奏以爲不可。 明日，台諫皆得罪，重落職知同州。
When the Jin took the capital he said: "Opening the frontier began with Tong Guan—the Jin name him chief culprit. Execute Guan and send his head to the Jin—perhaps they will pause." Some urged flight; Chong reported what the guards said, and the court settled on defense. He was made Right Remonstrator. With court divided on war and peace, he asked for open debate. The Jin demanded gold; Wang Xiaodi ordered death for hoarders and rewards for informers. He protested: "Sons will denounce fathers, slaves their masters—is this how a new reign should begin?" He and the censors protested until the order was withdrawn. He repeatedly demanded execution of Cai Jing and his sons. Promoted to drafting attendant, he blocked many edicts. He warned: "Men leap to high office without ever leaving the capital. Send them to the provinces first—as an example." The emperor agreed; the chancellors blocked it. Next day the remonstrators were punished; Chong was sent to govern Tongzhou.
31
金人已陷晉、絳，將及同。 重度不能守，乃開門縱州人使出，自以殘兵數百守城，以示必死。 金人疑有備，不復渡河而返。 降詔獎諭，擢天章閣待制。 先是，陝西宣撫使范致虛提五路兵勤王，至陝州。 重遺致虛書，言：「中都倚秦兵爲爪牙，諸夏恃京師爲根本。 今京城圍久，人無鬥志，若五路之師逡巡未進，則所以爲爪牙者不足恃，而根本搖矣。 然潰卒爲梗，關中公私之積已盡； 又聞西夏侵掠鄜延，爲腹背患。 今莫若移檄蜀帥及川峽四路，共資關中守禦之備，合秦、蜀以衛王室。」 致虛銳于出師，由澠池屯千秋鎮，爲金將所敗，軍皆潰，退保潼關，而五路之力益耗矣。 重募人間道走京城歸報。 二帝既北行，重即移檄川、秦十路帥臣，各備禮物往軍前迎奉。
The Jin had taken Jin and Jiang and were nearing Tongzhou. Knowing he could not hold, he opened the gates for the people and kept a few hundred men to show he would die defending. The Jin suspected a trap, did not cross the river, and withdrew. An edict praised him and made him Awaiting Drafting Attendant of the Hall of Heavenly Patterns. Earlier Fan Zhixu had led five circuits toward the capital and reached Shanzhou. Chong wrote Fan Zhixu: "The capital relies on Qin armies; the realm relies on the capital. With the capital long besieged, if your armies linger, the root itself shakes. Routed troops block the roads; Guanzhong's stores are empty; and the Western Xia raid the frontier—a threat behind as well as before. Summon Shu and the four Chuan circuits to supply Guanzhong and join Qin and Shu in guarding the throne." Fan Zhixu marched eagerly, was defeated at Qianqiu, fled to Tong Pass, and wasted the five circuits' strength. Chong sent men by secret paths to report to the capital. After the emperors were taken north, he urged the ten Chuan and Qin commanders to prepare to welcome them.
32
未幾，高宗即位，重上疏論今急務有四，大患有五。 所謂急務者，以車駕西幸爲先，次則建藩鎮、封宗子，通夏國之好，繼青唐之後，使相犄角，以緩敵勢。 所謂大患者，法令滋彰，朝綱委靡，軍政敗壞，國用竭，民心離。 欲救此者，宜守祖宗成憲，登用忠直，大正賞刑，誠今日之急務。
When Gaozong rose, Chong memorialized four urgent tasks and five great ills. Urgent tasks: move the court west, enfeoff princes, befriend the Xia, recover allies—to check the enemy. Great ills: proliferating laws, slack discipline, broken armies, empty treasury, lost hearts. Remedy: uphold ancestral law, employ the loyal, and rectify reward and punishment.
33
長安謀帥，劉岑自河東使還，上亦詢可守關中者，岑以重對，乃以天章閣直學士知京兆府，尋兼京兆府路經略制置使。
When Chang'an needed a defender, Liu Cen named Chong; he became Jingzhao prefect and pacification commissioner.
34
重前在同州，凡三疏上大元帥府，乞早臨關中以符衆望。 且畫三策：一謂鎮撫關中以固根本，然後營屯于漢中，開國于西蜀，此爲策之上； 若駐節南陽，控楚、吳、越、齊、趙、魏之師，以臨秦、晉之墟，視敵強弱爲進退，選宗親賢明者開府于關中，此爲策之次； 儻因都城，再治城池汴、洛之境，據成皋、崤函之險，悉嚴防守，此策之下； 若引兵南度，則國勢微弱，人心離散，此最無策。 暨至永興，又六上疏，皆以車駕幸關中爲請。 並條奏關中防河事宜，大意謂：虢、陝殘破，解州、河中已陷，同、華州沿河與金人對壘，邊面亙六百餘里。 本路無可戰之兵，乞增以五路兵馬十萬以上，委漕臣儲偫以守關中。
At Tongzhou he had thrice begged the grand marshal to enter Guanzhong. He offered three plans: secure Guanzhong, then Hanzhong and a Shu base—the best plan; hold Nanyang and rally the southeast—the middle plan; cling to Bian and Luo and fortify—the worst defensible plan; march south across the river—no plan at all. At Yongxing he six times begged the court to enter Guanzhong. He detailed the frontier: six hundred li facing the Jin with almost no troops. He begged an additional hundred thousand troops and stored grain to hold Guanzhong.
35
章凡七八上，朝廷未有所處。 重復上疏曰：「關中百二之勢，控制陝西六路，捍蔽川峽四路。 今蒲、解失守，與敵爲鄰，關中固，則可保秦、蜀十路無虞。 緣逐路帥守、監司各有占護，不相通融。 昨范致虛會合勤王之師，非不竭力，而將帥各自爲謀，不聽節制。 乞選宗親賢明者充京兆牧，或置元帥府，令總管秦、蜀十道兵馬以便宜從事，應帥守、監司並聽節制。 緩急則合諸道之兵以衛社稷，不惟可以禦敵，亦可以救郡縣瓦解之失。」 又乞節制五路兵，俱不報。
Seven or eight memorials went unanswered. He wrote: "Guanzhong commands Shaanxi and shields Shu. If Guanzhong holds, Qin and Shu are safe. Commanders would not coordinate. Fan Zhixu's relief armies fought without unified command. He asked for a prince or marshal to command all ten circuits. Only unified command can save the realm and the counties falling away." He asked to command five circuits—silence again.
36
金將婁宿渡河陷韓城縣，時京兆餘兵皆爲經制使錢蓋調赴行在。 重度勢不可支，以書別其父克臣曰：「忠孝不兩立，義不苟生以辱吾父。」 克臣報之曰：「汝能以身徇國，吾含笑入地矣。」 及金人入境，重遺書轉運使李唐孺曰：「重平生忠義，不敢辭難。 始意迎車駕入關，居建瓴之勢，庶可以臨東方。 今車駕南幸矣，關陝又無重兵，雖竭智力何所施，一死報上不足惜。」
When Lou crossed the river and took Hancheng, Jingzhao's troops had been stripped for the traveling court. He wrote his father: "Loyalty and filial piety cannot both be served—I will not live to shame you." His father replied: "Die for the state; I will smile in my grave." He told Li Tangru: "I have been loyal all my life and will not shrink from death. I hoped to bring the court to Guanzhong; now it has gone south and I have no troops— The court has gone south and I have no troops—only death remains to serve the throne."
37
及金兵圍城，城中兵不滿千，固守逾旬，外援不至。 而經制副使傅亮以精銳數百奪門出降，城陷，重以親兵百人血戰。 諸將扶重去，重曰：「死吾職也。」 戰不已，衆潰，重中流矢死。 初，唐孺以其書聞，俄以死節報。 上哀悼之，贈資政殿學士，後諡恭湣。
When the Jin besieged the city he had fewer than a thousand men and held ten days without aid. Fu Liang opened the gates with elite troops; the city fell; Chong fought on with a hundred guards. His officers tried to pull him away; he said: "Death is my duty." He fought until the line broke; a stray arrow killed him. Li Tangru had reported his letter; soon came word of his death. The emperor mourned him, posthumously made him Zizheng academician, later posthumous name Reverent and Sorrowful.
38
郭忠孝
Guo Zhongxiao.
39
郭忠孝，字立之，河南人，簽書樞密院事逵之子。 受《易》、《中庸》于程頤。 少以父任補右班殿直，遷右侍禁。 登進士第，換文資，授將作監主簿。 年逾三十，不忍去親側，多仕于河南筦庫間。 宣和間，爲河東路提舉。 解梁、猗氏與河東接壤，盜販鹽者數百爲群，歲起大獄，轉相告引，抵罪者衆。 忠孝止治其首，餘悉寬貸。 宰相王黼怒之，坐廢格鹽法免。
Guo Zhongxiao, styled Lizhi, of Henan, was son of Deputy Director of Military Affairs Guo Kui. He studied the Changes and the Doctrine of the Mean under Cheng Yi. Through his father he entered as a Right Guard Attendant. He passed the jinshi, took civil rank, and became chief clerk of the Directorate of Imperial Manufactories. After thirty he stayed near his parents, serving in Henan granary posts. In Xuanhe he was Hedong transport commissioner. On the Hedong border hundreds smuggled salt; yearly prosecutions ensnared many. Zhongxiao punished only ringleaders and pardoned the rest. Wang Fu removed him for violating the salt monopoly.
40
靖康初，召爲軍器少監。 入對，以和議爲非是，力陳追擊之策，謂：「兵家忌深入，金人自燕薊興兵，逾河朔，犯都城，其鋒不可當，今銳氣且衰，又顧子女玉帛之獲，故議和以款我師。 今諸道之師集矣，宜乘其惰擊之，若不能擊其歸，他日安能禦其來。」 上命與宰相吳敏、樞密李綱議，忠孝復條上戰守利害、士馬分合之策十餘事。 主和者衆，卒不用其策。 改永興軍路提點刑獄，措置保甲。 初，議者請擇保甲十萬刺爲義勇，分隸河朔諸郡。 忠孝曰：「保甲歲久，死亡者衆，擇三萬人守都城可也，河朔騎兵之地，非保甲所宜。」 上從之。 忠孝亟走關陝，得勝兵三萬，分隸十將，擇一將統之。 繼遣兵趨澤、潞，聽宣撫司節制。
At Jingkang's opening he was summoned as Vice Director of the Armory. He denounced peace and urged pursuit: "The Jin are spent and greedy—peace is a ruse to hold our armies. Our armies are gathered—strike them now or never hold them off again." Ordered to debate with Wu Min and Li Gang, he submitted a dozen plans of war and defense. The peace faction prevailed; his plans were rejected. He became Yongxing judicial commissioner and organized the militia. Some proposed drilling a hundred thousand militia for Hebei. Zhongxiao said: "Thirty thousand for the capital suffice; Hebei needs cavalry, not militia." "the cited text.. He rushed to Guan-Shan, raised thirty thousand veterans, and organized them under ten commanders. He then sent troops toward Ze and Lu under the pacification command.
41
金人再犯京師，永興帥範致虛率諸軍繇淆、澠入援，忠孝曰「金人深入，而河東無守備，願分兵走太行，扼其歸路，彼必來戰，城下之圍可緩。」 致虛以爲然。 檄河中守席益、馮翊守唐重與忠孝同出河東，爲牽制之舉，大軍盡出函穀。 忠孝獨以蒲、解軍三千至猗氏，遇金人，破之。 逾絳州，破太平砦，斬首數百級。 攻平陽，入其郛。 會大軍失利淆、澠間，乃引還。
When the Jin attacked the capital again, Fan Zhixu marched through Xiao and Mian to relieve it; Guo Zhongxiao urged him to detach troops along the Taihang to cut the enemy's retreat and ease the siege. Fan Zhixu agreed. Orders went to Xi Yi, Tang Chong, and Zhongxiao to raid Hedong while the main army marched out through Hangu Pass. Zhongxiao alone with three thousand men reached Yishi and routed the Jin. He crossed into Jiangzhou, took Taiping Fortress, and slew hundreds. He attacked Pingyang and entered its outer city. When the main army was defeated at Xiao-Mian he withdrew.
42
及金人犯永興，兵寡，或勸忠孝以監司出巡，可以避禍。 忠孝不答，與經略唐重分城而守。 忠孝主西壁，唐重主東壁。 金人陳城下，忠孝募人以神臂弓射之，敵不得前。 已而攻陷城東南隅，忠孝與重及副總管楊宗閔、轉運副使桑景詢、判官曾謂、經略主管機宜文字王尚、提舉軍馬武功大夫程迪俱死之。 朝廷贈忠孝大中大夫。 子雍，別有傳。
When the Jin besieged Yongxing, some urged him to leave on inspection to escape. He refused and split the defense with Tang Chong. Zhongxiao held the west wall; Chong the east. He used divine-bow crossbowmen to keep the Jin from the walls. When the southeast corner fell, Zhongxiao, Chong, Yang Zongmin, Sang Jingxun, Zeng Wei, Wang Shang, and Cheng Di died fighting. The court posthumously made Zhongxiao Grandee of the Palace. His son Yong has a separate biography.
43
程迪，字惠老，開封人。 父博古，部鄜延兵戰死永樂。 迪以門蔭得官。 宣和中，從楊惟中征方臘有功，加武功大夫、榮州團練使、瀘南潼川府路走馬承受公事。
Cheng Di. Cheng Di, styled Huilao, was from Kaifeng. His father Bogu died at Yongle leading Fuyan troops. Di entered service through yin privilege.
44
諸使合薦迪忠義謀略，可任將帥，召赴行在。 經略制置使唐重以敵迫近，留迪提舉軍馬，措置民兵以爲備。 金人已自同州渡河，或勸迪還蜀，迪思有以報國，不從。 乃詣種氏諸豪，謀率衆保險，俟其勢稍衰，出奇擊之。 轉運使桑景詢知其謀，以告唐重，揭榜許民擇險自固。 會前河東經制使傅亮建議當守不當避，重從之，以亮爲制置副使，去者悉還。
In Xuanhe he campaigned against Fang La, won merit, and rose to martial officer and Luzhou courier commissioner. Commissioners recommended his loyalty and strategy; he was summoned to court. Tang Chong kept him to direct troops and train militia as the enemy neared. Some urged flight to Shu; Di chose to stay and serve. He rallied local magnates to hold the passes and strike when the Jin weakened. Sang Jingxun reported his plan; Chong posted notices allowing people to flee to the hills.
45
既而金兵益迫，重乃以迪提舉永興路軍馬，措置民兵，令迪行視南山諸穀，將運金帛徙治其中。 因召土豪，集民兵以補軍籍。 會應募者衆，亮語重曰：「人心如此，假以旬日，守備且具，奈何望風棄去。」 重大然之，即檄諸司聽亮節制。 金人近城，迪又欲選兵迎戰，使老稚得趣險，尚可以活十萬人。 亮執議城守，金人四面急攻，外無援兵，迪率諸司及統制偏裨以下東鄉會盟：「危急必以死相應，誓不與敵俱生。」 慷慨嗚咽，同盟皆感泣。 城破，乃自亮所分地始。 亮先出降，衆潰。 迪率其徒行徇于衆曰：「敵仇我矣，降亦死，戰亦死！」 努力與鬥，憤怒大呼，口流血，士皆感奮，多所斬殺。 迪冒飛矢，持短兵接戰數十合，身被創幾遍，絕而復蘇，猶厲聲叱戰不已，遂死之。 麾下士舁置空室中，比屋皆燼，室獨不火，及斂，容色如生。 詔贈明州觀察使，諡恭湣。 子昌諤。
Fu Liang argued for holding the city; Chong made him vice commissioner and recalled fugitives. As pressure grew, Chong sent Di to survey southern valleys for relocating stores. He summoned magnates and enrolled militia. When volunteers poured in, Liang said: "Morale is high—in ten days we are ready; why flee?" Chong agreed and put Liang in command. Di wanted a sortie so civilians could reach the hills—perhaps saving a hundred thousand lives. Liang insisted on static defense; Di led the officers in an oath to die rather than yield. They wept; all who swore were moved to tears. The breach began where Liang had commanded. Liang surrendered first; the line collapsed. Di marched his men shouting: "Surrender or fight—both mean death—so fight!" They fought fiercely; he shouted until blood ran from his mouth; his men slew many Jin. He fought hand-to-hand through many wounds, fainted and rose again, and died still shouting. His body lay in a room untouched while the city burned; in burial his face looked alive. The court posthumously made him observer of Mingzhou, posthumous name Reverent and Sorrowful.
46
徐徽言
His son was Chang'e.
47
徐徽言，字彥猷，衢之西安人。 少爲諸生，泛涉書傳。 負氣豪舉，有奇志，喜談功名事。 大觀二年，詔求材武士，韓忠彥、范純粹、劉仲武以徽言應詔，召見崇德殿，賜武舉絕倫及第。
Xu Huiyan. Xu Huiyan, styled Yanyou, was from Xi'an in Quzhou. As a student he read widely. Bold and ambitious, he loved talk of service and fame.
48
曆保德軍監押，以邊功加閣門祗候、平陽府軍馬鈴轄，權知保德軍。 改總領河西軍馬，以討西夏功，累遷秉義郎。 宣和四年，將伐燕，命太原帥張孝純招河西帳族，遣徽言入其地。 帳族拒而射之，徽言迎戰破之，遂定天德、雲內兩城。 宣撫使童貫嫉其功，檄太原不得違節度。 復棄去。 孝純先定朔、武二州，亦不能守。 改知火山軍兼統制河西軍馬，徙赴石州。
In Daguan's second year he was presented as martial talent, examined at Chongde Hall, and topped the military examination. He served on the Baode frontier, became palace gate attendant and Pingyang military controller, and acted as Baode prefect. Made overall Hexi commander, he won repeated promotions fighting the Western Xia. In Xuanhe's fourth year, ordered into tribal lands to recruit allies for the Yan campaign. In Xuanhe's fourth year, ordered into tribal lands to recruit allies for the Yan campaign. When tribes resisted, he defeated them and secured Tiande and Yunnei. the cited text.. He was forced to abandon his gains.
49
靖康初，遷武翼郎、閣門宣贊舍人。 金人圍太原，分兵絕饟道，自隰、石以北，命令不通者累月。 徽言以三十人渡河，一戰破之。 遷武經郎、知晉寧軍兼嵐石路沿邊安撫使。
Zhang Xiaochun had taken Shuo and Wu but could not hold them either. He governed Volcano Army, commanded Hexi troops, then went to Shizhou. At Jingkang's opening he became Martial Wings Gentleman and palace proclamation attendant. The Jin besieged Taiyuan and cut supply lines; north of Xi and Shi no orders passed for months.
50
金人再犯京師，陝西制置使範致虛糾合五路兵赴難，檄徽言守河西。 欽宗割兩河以紓禍，同知樞密院事聶昌出河東，爲金人所劫，以便宜割河西三州隸西夏。 晉寧軍民大恐，曰：「棄麟、府、豐，晉寧豈能獨存！」 徽言曰：「此使人矯詔耳。 三郡在河西，設有詔，猶當執奏，況無之耶！」 遂率兵復取三州，夏人所置守長皆出降，徽言慰遣之。 又並取嵐、石凳州，教戈舡卒乘羊皮渾脫亂流以掩敵。 金人益備克胡砦、吳堡津，遣守領爲九州都統，與晉寧對壘。 徽言出奇兵襲逐之。 時河東郡縣淪沒，遺民日徯王師之至。 徽言陰結汾、晉土豪數十萬，約復故地則奏官爲守長，聽世襲。 條其事以聞，俟報可，即身率精甲搗太原，徑取雁門，留兵戍守； 且曰：「定全晉則形勝爲我有，中原當指期克復，投機一時，會不可失。」 奏上，詔徽言聽王庶節制，議遂格。
With thirty men he crossed the river and broke the blockade in one fight. Promoted, he became Jinning prefect and frontier comfort commissioner. When the capital was attacked again, Fan Zhixu summoned aid; Huiyan was left to guard Hexi. Qinzong ceded the Two He; Nie Chang was seized and the Jin ceded three Hexi prefectures to the Xia. Jinning panicked: "If Lin, Fu, and Feng are lost, we cannot stand alone!" Huiyan said: "This is a forged edict." "Even a real edict would need memorial—even more when there is none!" He marched, recovered the three prefectures, and sent Xia officials home. He retook Lan, Shi, and Deng, using sheepskin rafts for river raids. The Jin fortified crossings and camped against Jinning. He drove them off with surprise attacks. As Hedong fell, refugees daily awaited the Song armies. He secretly rallied hundreds of thousands in Fen and Jin, promising hereditary office if they recovered the land. He reported the plan and, awaiting approval, prepared to strike Taiyuan and Yanmen.
51
金人忌徽言，欲速拔晉寧以除患。 建炎二年冬，自蒲津涉河圍之。 先是徽言移府州，約折可求夾攻金人。 可求降，金將婁宿挾至城下以招徽言。 徽言故與可求爲姻，乃登陴以大義噍數之。 可求仰曰：「君于我胡大無情？」 徽言攝弓厲言曰：「爾于國家不有情，我尚于爾何情？ 寧惟我無情，此矢尤無情。」 一發中之，可求走，因出兵縱擊，遂斬婁宿孛堇之子。 當是時，環河東皆已陷，獨晉寧屹然孤墉，橫當強敵，勢相百不抗。 徽言堅壁持久，撫摩疲傷，遣沒人泅河，召民之逃伏山谷者幾萬衆，浮筏西渡，與金人鏖河上，大小數十戰，所俘殺過當。 晉寧號天下險，徽言廣外城，東壓河，下塹不測，譙堞雄固，備械甚整。 命諸將畫隅分守，敵至則自致死力，以勁兵往來爲遊援。
"Hold all Jin and the heartland can be retaken—this chance must not be lost." The court put him under Wang Shu; the plan was blocked. The Jin feared him and hurried to take Jinning. In Jianyan's second winter they crossed at Pu Ford and besieged the city. He had moved to Fuzhou, planning a joint attack with Zhe Keshou. Keshou surrendered; Lou brought him to the walls to summon Huiyan. Once related by marriage, Huiyan denounced Keshou from the wall. Keshou cried: "Why are you so cruel to me?" Huiyan drew his bow: "You betrayed the state—why should I spare you?" "This arrow has no feeling either." He shot Keshou, sallied forth, and slew Lou's son. All Hedong had fallen; only Jinning stood alone against overwhelming odds. He held for months, rescued refugees, fought dozens of river battles, and killed more than he lost.
52
金進攻數敗，不得志，圍之益急。 晉甯俗不井飲，寄汲于河。 金人載茭石湮壅支流，城中水乏絕，儲偫浸罄，鎧仗空敝，人人惴憂，知殞亡無日。 徽言能得衆心，奮枵餓傷夷之餘，裒折槊斷刃，以死固守。 既自度不支，取炮機、篦格，凡守具悉火之，曰：「無以遺敵。」 遣人間道馳書其兄昌言曰：「徽言孤國恩死矣，兄其勉事君。」 一夕，裨校李位、石贇系帛書飛笴上，陰約婁宿啟外郭納金兵。 徽言與太原路兵馬都監孫昂決戰門中，所格殺甚衆，退嬰牙城以守。 金人攻之不已，徽言置妻子室中，積薪自焚。 仗劍坐堂上，慷慨語將士：「我天子守土臣，義不見蔑敵手。」 因拔佩刀自擬，左右號救持之急，金兵猥至，挾徽言以去，然猶憚其威名。
He strengthened Jinning's famed defenses—walls on the river, deep moats, and ample arms. Generals held sectors and mobile reserves struck wherever the Jin attacked. Repeated assaults failed; the siege tightened. Jinning drank from the river, not wells. The Jin dammed the river; water and stores ran out; arms failed; all knew death was near. He rallied starving men with broken weapons to die defending. Knowing the end was near, he burned the engines and said: "Leave nothing for the enemy." He wrote his brother: "I die for the state; serve the emperor well." Officers Li Wei and Shi Yun plotted with Lou to open the gates. Huiyan and Sun Ang fought at the gates, slew many, then held the inner citadel. The Jin pressed on; he piled firewood around his family to burn them and himself.
53
婁宿得徽言所親說徽言：「盍具冠ＡＸ見金帥。」 徽言斥曰：「朝章，覲君父禮，以入穹廬可乎？ 汝汙偽官，不即愧死，顧以爲榮，且爲敵人搖吻作說客耶？ 不急去，吾力猶能搏殺汝。」 婁宿就見徽言，語曰：「二帝北去，爾其爲誰守此？」 徽言曰：「吾爲建炎天子守。」 婁宿曰：「我兵己南矣，中原事未可知，何自苦爲？」 徽言怒曰：「吾恨不屍汝輩歸見天子，將以死報太祖、太宗地下，庸知其他！」 婁宿又出金制曰：「能小屈，當使汝世帥延安，舉陝地並有之。」 徽言益怒，罵曰：「吾荷國厚恩，死正吾所，此膝詎爲汝輩屈耶？ 汝當親刃我，不可使餘人見加。」 婁宿舉戟向之，覬其懼狀。 徽言披衽迎刃，意象自若。 飲以酒，持杯擲婁宿曰：「我尚飲汝酒乎？」 慢罵不已。 金人知不可屈，遂射殺之。 粘罕聞其死，怒婁宿曰：「爾粗狠，何專殺義人以逞爾私？」 治其罪甚慘。
Sword in hand he told his officers: "A guardian of the realm does not fall alive into enemy hands." He tried to stab himself; the Jin seized him alive, still in awe of his name. Lou's men urged him to dress and submit. Lou asked: "The emperors are gone—for whom do you hold Jinning?" He said: "For the Jianyan emperor." Lou said: "Our armies are south—the heartland is uncertain—why suffer?" He raged: "I regret only that I cannot kill you all before I join Taizu and Taizong in death!" Lou offered Yan'an and all Shaanxi if he would submit. He cursed: "The state favored me—death is my due; these knees will not bend for you!" Kill me yourself—do not let others touch me. Lou raised his halberd, watching for fear." Huiyan bared his chest to the blade, calm as ever. Offered wine, he hurled the cup at Lou: "Your wine?" He cursed without stopping. Seeing he would not yield, they shot him. Nianhan rebuked Lou for killing a righteous man out of spite. He punished Lou severely. He and Liu Guangshi had been friends since youth.
54
初，徽言與劉光世束發雅故。 光世被命援太原，次吳堡津，輒頓不進。 徽言移書趣行，未聽； 又諭以太原危不守，旦暮望救，總管承詔赴急，不宜稽固取方命罪，光世猶前卻。 徽言即露章劾其逗撓，封副與之，光世惶遽引道。
Guangshi was ordered to relieve Taiyuan but halted at Wubao Ford. Huiyan urged him on; he lingered; Huiyan warned that Taiyuan would fall without swift aid; Guangshi still hesitated. Huiyan memorialized against him and handed him the sealed copy; Guangshi marched in panic. When reports reached Gaozong, he mourned and told his ministers that Huiyan's loyalty surpassed Yan Zhenqing and Duan Xiushi.
55
宣撫使張浚與諸使者相繼以死節事聞，高宗撫幾震悼，顧謂宰相曰：「徐徽言報國死封疆，臨難不屈，忠貫日月，過于顏真卿、段秀實遠矣。 不有以寵之，何以勸忠，昭示來世。」 乃贈晉州觀察使，諡忠壯。 再贈彰化軍節度。
"Without reward, how will we encourage loyalty for ages to come? He was posthumously made observer of Jinzhou with the name Loyal and Stalwart." Later he was again made military commissioner of Zhanghua. Sun Ang tried to kill himself, was taken alive, and died unbroken—posthumously honored as Loyal Gentleman.
56
孫昂，亦引刀欲自刺，金人擁至軍前，不屈而死，至是贈成忠郎、圍練使。 徽言子岡既同死事，而從孫適亦以守安豐死。 昂父翊，宣和末知朔寧府，救太原，死于陣。 各世著忠義雲。
His son Gang died with him; his nephew Shi died defending Anfeng. Sun Ang's father Yi had died rescuing Taiyuan under Huizong. The family was famed for loyalty through generations. The family was famed for loyalty through generations.
57
向子韶
Xiang Zishao.
58
向子韶，字和卿，開封人，神宗後再從侄也。 年十五入太學，登元符三年進士第。 特恩改承事郎，授荊南府節度判官，累官至京東轉運副使。 屬郡郭奉世進萬緡羨餘，戶部聶昌請賞之以勸天下。 子韶劾奉世，且言近臣首開聚斂之端，浸不可長，士論韙之。 以父憂免，起復，知淮寧府。
Xiang Zishao, styled Heqing, of Kaifeng, was a great-grandnephew of Emperor Shenzong. He entered the Imperial College at fifteen and passed the jinshi in Yuanfu's third year. He rose from Jingnan judge to vice transport commissioner of the eastern capital circuit. When Prefect Guo Fengshi offered surplus revenue, Nie Chang wanted to reward him to encourage others. Zishao impeached Fengshi, warning that rewarding surplus-taking would spread; opinion praised him. After mourning he governed Huaining.
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建炎二年，金人犯淮甯，子韶率諸弟城守，諭士民曰：「汝等墳墓之國，去此何之，吾與汝當死守。」 時有東兵四千人，第三將岳景綬欲棄城率軍民走行在，子韶不從，景綬引兵迎敵而死。 金人晝夜攻城，子韶親擐甲胄，冒矢石，遣其弟子率赴宗澤乞援兵，未至，城陷。 子韶率軍民巷戰，力屈爲所執。 金人坐城上，欲降之，酌酒于前，左右抑令屈膝，子韶直立不動，戟手責駡，金人殺之。 其弟新知唐州子褒、朝請郎子家等與闔門皆遇害，惟一子鴻六歲得存。 事聞，再贈通議大夫，官其家六人，後諡忠毅。 初，金人至淮甯府，楊時聞之曰：「子韶必死矣。」 蓋知其素守者雲。
When the Jin attacked Huaining in Jianyan's second year, he told the people: "This is your ancestors' land—we die here together." Commander Yue Jingshou wanted to flee; Zishao refused; Jingshou sallied and died. He fought in armor, sent a nephew to Zong Ze for aid, and the city fell before help came. He fought in the alleys until captured. They offered wine and demanded his knees; he stood, cursed them, and was killed. His brothers and household perished; only his six-year-old son Hong survived. The court posthumously honored him, ennobled six kin, and gave the posthumous name Loyal and Resolute. When the Jin came, Yang Shi said: "Zishao will surely die." He knew Zishao's character.
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楊邦乂
Yang Bangyi.
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楊邦乂，字晞稷，吉州吉水人。 博通古今，以舍選登進士第，遭時多艱，每以節義自許。 曆婺源尉、蘄廬建康三郡教授，改秩知溧陽縣。 會叛卒周德據府城，殺官吏。 邦乂立縣獄囚趙明于庭，欲誅之，因諭之曰：「爾悉裏中豪傑，誠能集爾徒爲邑人誅賊，不惟宥爾罪，當上功畀爵。」 明即請行，邦乂飲之卮酒，使自去。 越翼日，討平之。
Learned in history, he passed the jinshi and in troubled times held himself to integrity. Learned in history, he passed the jinshi and in troubled times held himself to integrity. He served as magistrate and professor, then governed Liyang County. When the rebel Zhou De seized the prefectural seat and killed officials, Bangyi brought prisoner Zhao Ming before the court, offering pardon and reward if he rallied local men to kill the rebels. Ming agreed; Bangyi gave him wine and sent him off. The next day the rebels were crushed.
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建炎三年，金人至江上。 高宗如浙西，留右僕射杜充爲御營使，駐紮建康，命劉光世、韓世忠、王𤫉諸將悉聽充節制。 充性酷而無謀，士心不附。 渡碙沙，充遣陳淬、岳飛等及金人戰于馬家渡。 自辰至未，戰數合，勝負未決。 𤫉擁兵弗救，淬被擒，𤫉兵遁，充率麾下數千人降。 金人濟江，鼓行逼城。 時李棁以戶部尚書董軍餉，陳邦光以顯謨閣直學士守建康，皆具降狀，逆之十里亭。 金帥完顏宗弼既入城，棁、邦光率官屬迎拜，惟邦乂不屈膝，以血大書衣裾曰：「甯作趙氏鬼，不爲他邦臣。」 宗弼不能屈。 翼曰，遣人說邦乂，許以舊官。 邦乂以首觸柱礎流血，曰：「世豈有不畏死而可以利動者？ 速殺我。」 翼日，宗弼等與棁、邦光宴堂上，立邦乂于庭，邦乂叱棁、邦光曰：「天子以若捍城，敵至不能抗，更與共宴樂，尚有面目見我乎？」 有劉團練者，以幅紙書「死活」二字示邦乂曰：「若無多雲，欲死趣書'死'字。」 邦乂奮筆書「死」字，金人相顧動色，然未敢害也。 已而宗弼再引邦乂，邦乂不勝憤，遙望大罵曰：「若女真圖中原，天寧久假汝，行磔汝萬段，安得汙我！」 宗弼大怒，殺之，剖取其心，年四十四。 事聞，贈直秘閣，賜田三頃，官爲斂葬，即其地賜廟褒忠，諡忠襄，官其四子。
In Jianyan's third year the Jin reached the Yangzi. Gaozong fled west; Du Chong held Jiankang with Liu Guangshi, Han Shizhong, and Wang Yuan under him. Du Chong was cruel and inept; the army did not trust him. At Qisha he sent Chen Cui and Yue Fei to fight at Majia Ford. From morning to afternoon they fought without clear victory. Wang Yuan refused to help; Chen Cui was captured; Yuan fled; Du Chong surrendered with thousands. The Jin crossed and marched on Jiankang. Li Zhi and Chen Bangguang prepared surrender papers and met the Jin ten li out. When Zongbi entered, officials bowed; Bangyi refused and wrote in blood on his robe: "Better be Zhao's ghost than another state's minister." Zongbi could not break him. Next day they offered his old office. He smashed his head on a pillar until blood ran: "Is there anyone who does not fear death yet can be bought? Kill me at once." The next day at Zongbi's feast he cursed the defectors in the hall. The next day at Zongbi's feast he cursed the defectors in the hall. Officer Liu offered paper marked life and death: "If you mean to die, write 'death.'" He wrote "death" boldly; the Jin exchanged glances but still did not kill him. Summoned again, he cursed: "Heaven will not long favor you Jurchen—you will be torn apart—do not defile me!" Zongbi in fury killed him and cut out his heart; he was forty-four.
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邦乂少處郡學，目不視非禮，同舍欲隳其守，拉之出，托言故舊家，實娼館也。 邦乂初不疑，酒數行，娼女出，邦乂愕然，疾趨還舍，解其衣冠焚之，流涕自責。 紹興七年，樞密院言邦乂忠節顯著，上曰：「顏真卿異代忠臣，朕昨已官其子孫，邦乂爲朕死節，不可不厚褒錄，以爲忠義之勸。」 加贈徽猷閣待制，增賜田三頃。
The court posthumously honored him, granted fields and a temple, named him Loyal and Steadfast, and ennobled his four sons. As a student he avoided impropriety; classmates tricked him into a brothel. He fled when the courtesan appeared, burned his clothes, and wept in shame. In Shaoxing's seventh year the Bureau of Military Affairs praised Bangyi; the emperor said Yan Zhenqing's line had been honored and Bangyi's martyrdom must be richly rewarded to encourage loyalty.