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忠義六
Loyalty and Righteousness 6
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○趙良淳 〈（徐道隆）〉 薑才馬塈密佑張世傑陸秀夫徐應鑣陳文龍鄧得遇張玨
Zhao Liangchun (Xu Daolong) Jiang Cai, Ma Ji, Mi You, Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu, Xu Yingbiao, Chen Wenlong, Deng Deyu, and Zhang Jue
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趙良淳，字景程，居饒之餘幹，太宗子恭憲王之後，丞相汝愚曾孫也。 累世以學行名，號賢宗子。 良淳少學於其鄉先生饒魯，知立身大節。 及仕，所至以幹治稱，而未嚐幹人薦舉。 初以蔭為泰寧主簿，三遷至淮西運轄，浮湛冗官二十餘年。 馬光祖、李伯玉、範丁孫交薦辟之，卒不振拔。 考舉及格，改知分寧縣。 分寧，江西劇邑，俗尚嘩訐，良淳治之，不用刑戮，不任吏胥，取民之敦孝者，身親尊禮之，至甚傑驁者，乃繩以法，俗為少革。 秩滿，特差權江西安撫司機宜文字，詔除諸司審計院，督餉江西，升大理司直。
Zhao Liangchun, whose courtesy name was Jingcheng, came from Yugan in Rao Prefecture. He was descended from Prince Gongxian, a son of Emperor Taizong of Song, and was the great-grandson of Chief Minister Zhao Ruyu. His family had been renowned for generations for scholarship and moral conduct, and was known as a model branch of the imperial house. As a youth Liangchun studied under the local scholar Rao Lu and learned the cardinal principles of personal integrity. Once in office he won praise everywhere he served for capable administration, yet he never pressed others for promotion. He first entered service by hereditary privilege as registrar of Taining, rose through three promotions to transport commissioner in Huai West, and spent more than twenty years adrift in undistinguished posts. Ma Guangzu, Li Boyu, and Fan Dingsun all recommended him in turn, yet he was never advanced. After passing the civil service examination he was appointed magistrate of Fenning County. Fenning was a notoriously difficult county in Jiangxi, where quarrelsome litigation was the norm. Liangchun governed without executions and without leaning on clerks and runners. He singled out the most dutiful among the people and honored them in person; only the most violent and defiant he brought under the law. The local ways improved somewhat. When his term expired he was specially assigned as acting confidential clerk on the Jiangxi Pacification Commission, then appointed by edict to the Bureau of Audits for Various Offices to supervise grain shipments in Jiangxi, and promoted to direct secretary of the Court of Judicial Review.
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鹹淳末，廷臣議眾建宗室於內郡，以為屏翰，遂除良淳知安吉州。 先是，知州李庚遁，百事隳廢。 良淳至，日與僚吏論所以守禦之備，悉舉行之。 時歲饑，民相聚為盜，所在蜂起。 或請以兵擊之，良淳曰：“民豈樂為盜哉？ 時艱歲旱，故相率剽掠苟活耳。 ”命僚屬以義諭之，眾皆投兵散歸，其不歸者眾縛以獻。 有掠人貨財詣其主謝過而還之者。 良淳勸富人出粟振之，嚐語人曰：“使太守身可以濟民，亦所不惜也。 ”其言懇懇，足以動人，人皆倒囷以應之。 朝議尋以徐道隆為浙西提刑，以輔良淳，加良淳直秘閣。
Near the end of the Xianchun reign, court ministers proposed posting many imperial clansmen in interior prefectures as a defensive screen, and Liangchun was accordingly appointed prefect of Anji. The previous prefect, Li Geng, had fled, leaving every branch of government in collapse. On his arrival Liangchun met daily with his staff to plan the city's defenses and carried every measure through. Famine gripped the land, and people banded together as robbers, outbreaks flaring up everywhere. Some urged him to send troops against them. Liangchun said, "Do you think the people enjoy becoming bandits? Times are desperate and the harvest has failed—they band together to loot only so they can survive." He had his subordinates reason with them on moral grounds. The crowds threw down their weapons and went home; those who refused were seized by the people themselves and handed over. Some who had robbed others even came forward to apologize to their victims and returned what they had taken. Liangchun urged the wealthy to donate grain for relief, and once told the people, "If giving my own body could save the people, I would not hesitate to do it." His words were so earnest that they moved everyone; people emptied their granaries in response. The court soon named Xu Daolong judicial commissioner of Zhe West to assist Liangchun and granted Liangchun the title of direct attendant of the Secretariat.
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文天祥去平江，潰兵四出剽掠，良淳捕斬數人，梟首市中，兵稍戢。 已而範文虎遣使持書招降，良淳焚書斬其使。 大兵迫獨鬆關，有旨趣道隆入衛。 道隆既去，大兵至，軍其東西門。 良淳率眾城守，夜就茇舍陴上，不歸。
After Wen Tianxiang withdrew from Pingjiang, routed soldiers fanned out to plunder. Liangchun seized and executed several, displayed their heads in the marketplace, and the troops quieted somewhat. Soon Fan Wenhu sent an envoy with a letter offering surrender terms. Liangchun burned the letter and beheaded the messenger. As the Mongol army closed on Dusong Pass, an edict ordered Xu Daolong to hurry to the capital for its defense. Once Daolong had departed, the enemy army arrived and invested the eastern and western gates. Liangchun led the defense of the city himself, sleeping each night on the ramparts in a thatched shelter and never going home.
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先是，朝廷遣將吳國定援宜興，宜興已危，不敢往，乃如安吉見良淳，願留以為輔。 良淳見國定慷慨大言，意其可用也，請於朝，留戍安吉。 已而國定開南門納外兵，兵入城呼曰：“眾散，元帥不殺汝。 ”於是眾號泣散去。 良淳命車歸府，兵士止之曰：“事至此，侍郎當為自全計。 ”良淳叱去之。 命家人出避，乃閉閣自經。 有兵士解救之，復蘇，眾羅拜泣曰：“侍郎何自苦？ 逃之猶可求生。 ”良淳叱曰：“我豈逃生者邪？ ”眾猶環守不去，良淳大呼曰：“爾輩欲為亂邪？ ”眾涕泣出，復投繯而死。
Earlier the court had dispatched General Wu Guoding to relieve Yixing. Finding Yixing already beyond saving, he did not dare proceed but came instead to Anji to see Liangchun and asked to stay on as his deputy. Impressed by Guoding's bold and impassioned words, Liangchun judged him useful and petitioned the court to leave him garrisoned at Anji. Before long Guoding opened the south gate and let the enemy in. The troops entered shouting, "Scatter! The marshal will not harm you." The defenders broke down in tears and scattered. Liangchun ordered his carriage back to the prefectural compound. Soldiers barred his way, saying, "Matters have come to this, my lord—you must think of saving yourself." Liangchun shouted them away. He sent his family away to safety, shut himself in his chamber, and hanged himself. Soldiers cut him down and revived him. They knelt around him in tears, crying, "My lord, why do you torment yourself? If you flee, you can still live." Liangchun roared, "Do you think I am a man who runs away to save his skin?" They still crowded around him and would not leave. Liangchun bellowed, "Are you trying to start a riot?" They left in tears. He hanged himself again and died.
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徐道隆字伯謙，婺州武義人。 父煥，知南雄。 道隆以任入官，累官潭州判官、權知全州。 荊湖製置使汪立信奏辟道隆為參議官。 立信遷兵部尚書，道隆與賓客十許人俱去江陵。 趙孟傳為製置使，以道隆參其軍事，遂為提點刑獄。
Xu Daolong, whose courtesy name was Boqian, came from Wuyi in Wu Prefecture. His father Xu Huan had served as prefect of Nanxiong. Daolong entered service by direct appointment and rose to judge of Tan Prefecture and acting prefect of Quan. Wang Lixin, pacification commissioner of Jinghu and Hubei, recommended Daolong for appointment as deliberation officer. When Wang Lixin was promoted to Minister of War, Daolong accompanied him to Jiangling along with a dozen or so retainers. When Zhao Mengchuan became pacification commissioner he took Daolong onto his staff for military affairs, and Daolong was eventually made judicial intendant.
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時文天祥既去平江，潰卒四出，為浙西患苦，安吉尤甚。 有旨令道隆措置，乃梟其首亂者於市。 牛監軍遁，範文虎、程鵬飛、管景模俱遺書誘降，道隆焚書斬使。
Wen Tianxiang had already withdrawn from Pingjiang, and routed soldiers spread across Zhe West, Anji suffering worst of all. An edict ordered Daolong to restore order; he executed the ringleaders and displayed their heads in the marketplace. Commander Niu fled. Fan Wenhu, Cheng Pengfei, and Guan Jingmo each sent letters urging surrender; Daolong burned every letter and beheaded the messengers.
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大兵至臨平皋亭山，令間道入援，時水陸皆有屯軍，道絕不通，議由太湖經武康、臨安縣境勤王。 即日乘舟出臨湖門，泊宋村。 郡守趙良淳既縊死。 德祐二年正月朔旦，追兵及道隆，江陵親從軍三百人殊死戰，矢盡槍槊折，一軍盡沒。 道隆見執艦內，間守者少怠，赴水死，長子載孫亦赴水死。 餘兵有脫歸者言於朝，命贈官賜諡，厚恤其家，立廟安吉，官其子孫。 越三日宋亡。
The enemy reached Gaoting Mountain near Linping and ordered him to march by a side road to relieve the capital. Land and water routes were both blocked by enemy camps, so he resolved to reach the emperor by way of Lake Tai through Wukang and Lin'an. That same day he put out by boat through Linhu Gate and anchored at Song Village. By then Prefect Zhao Liangchun had already taken his own life. On the first day of the first month of Deyou 1276, pursuers caught Daolong. His three hundred Jiangling guards fought to the last man—arrows spent, spears shattered—until the entire force was wiped out. Daolong was seized aboard his ship. When his guards relaxed their watch he leapt into the water and drowned; his eldest son Zaisun drowned himself as well. Survivors who made it back reported to court. He was granted posthumous rank and a posthumous title, his family richly compensated, a temple raised at Anji, and offices given to his descendants. Three days later the Song dynasty fell.
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薑才，濠州人。 貌短悍。 少被掠入河朔，稍長亡歸，隸淮南兵中，以善戰名，然以來歸人不得大官，為通州副都統。 時淮多健將，然驍雄無逾才。 才知兵，善騎射，撫士卒有恩，至臨陣，軍律凜凜。 其子當戰，回白事，才望見以為敗也，拔劍馳逐，幾殺之。
Jiang Cai came from Hao Prefecture. He was short in stature and fierce in bearing. As a boy he was captured and taken north to the Yellow River region. When he grew older he escaped and rejoined the Huainan army, winning fame as a fighter. Because he was a man who had returned from captivity, however, he was never given high rank and remained only vice commander-in-chief at Tongzhou. Huai had many able generals at the time, but none matched Cai in raw fighting prowess. Cai understood warfare, excelled at mounted archery, and treated his men with genuine kindness—yet on the battlefield his discipline was iron and terrifying. Once during battle his son turned back to report. Cai saw him from a distance, mistook it for a rout, drew his sword, and galloped after him, nearly killing his own son.
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賈似道出師，才以兵屬孫虎臣為先鋒，相拒於丁家洲。 大軍設炮架彀車弩江濱，中流數千艘，旌旗聯亙，鼓行而下。 才奮兵前接戰，鋒已交，虎臣遽過其妾所乘舟，眾見之，歡曰：“步帥遁矣。 ”於是諸軍皆潰，才亦收兵入揚州。 大兵乘勝攻揚州，才為三疊陣逆之三里溝，戰有功。 又與元帥戰揚子橋，日暮兵亂，流矢貫才肩，才拔矢揮刀而前，所向辟易。 已而大軍築長圍，自揚子橋竟瓜洲，東北跨灣頭至黃塘，西北至丁村，務欲以久困之，時德祐元年也。
When Jia Sidao took the field, Cai attached his force to Sun Huchen's vanguard and met the enemy at Dingjiazhou. The Mongol army lined the shore with cannon platforms, ballista wagons, and crossbows, while thousands of ships filled the midstream, banners unbroken from bank to bank, advancing to the beat of drums. Cai threw his men forward to engage. The lines had barely met when Huchen was seen steering toward the boat carrying his concubine. The troops cried out, "The infantry commander is running away!" Every unit broke. Cai too gathered what he could and withdrew into Yangzhou. The enemy pressed their advantage against Yangzhou. Cai met them at Sanligou in a triple-ranked formation and fought them to a standstill. He fought the enemy commander again at Yangzi Bridge. At dusk his lines buckled; a stray arrow drove through his shoulder. Cai pulled it out, raised his blade, and charged—wherever he went the enemy scattered. The enemy then threw a long siege line from Yangzi Bridge to Guazhou, northeast from Wantou to Huangtang and northwest to Ding Village, intending to starve Yangzhou out. This was the first year of Deyou.
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明年正月，宋亡。 二月，五奉使及一閣門宣讚舍人持謝太后詔來諭降，才發弩射卻之，復以兵擊五奉使於召伯堡，大戰而退。 未幾，瀛國公至瓜洲，才與庭芝泣涕誓將士出奪之。 將士皆感泣。 乃盡散金帛犒兵，以四萬人夜搗瓜洲，戰三時，眾擁瀛國公避去。 才追戰至浦子市，夜猶不退。 阿術使人招之，才曰：“吾寧死，豈作降將軍邪！ ”四月，才以兵攻灣頭柵。 五月，復攻之，騎旋濘而止，乃舍騎步戰，至四鼓，全師以歸。 揚食盡，才時出運米真州、高郵以給兵。 六月，護餉至馬家渡，萬戶史弼將兵擊奪之，才與戰達旦，弼幾殆，阿術馳兵來援，乃得免去。
In the first month of the following year the Song fell. In the second month the Five Commissioners and a Gate Attendant arrived with Empress Dowager Xie's edict demanding surrender. Cai drove them off with crossbow fire, then attacked them again at Zhaobo Fort in a fierce battle before pulling back. Soon the young Emperor Gong arrived at Guazhou. Cai and Li Tingzhi wept before their troops and swore to rescue him. Officers and men alike wept at the oath. They spent their gold and silk to reward the troops, then sent forty thousand men in a night assault on Guazhou. After three watches of fighting the enemy shielded the young emperor and withdrew. Cai pursued as far as Puzi Market and fought on through the night without resting. Azhu sent envoys to win him over. Cai said, "I would rather die than become a general who surrenders!" In the fourth month he attacked the Wantou stockade. In the fifth month he attacked again. His cavalry bogged down in the mud, so he dismounted and fought on foot until the fourth watch, then withdrew the whole force intact. When Yangzhou ran out of food, Cai slipped out repeatedly to bring grain from Zhenzhou and Gaoyou to feed his men. In the sixth month, while escorting grain to Majia Ford, he was attacked by the Mongol commander Shi Bi. They fought until dawn; Bi was nearly killed before Azhu rode to his rescue and Cai barely got away.
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庭芝以在圍久。 召才計事，屏左右，語久之，第聞才厲聲云：“相公不過忍片時痛耳。 ”左右聞之俱汗下。 才自是以兵護庭芝第，期與俱死。
Li Tingzhi had been under siege for a long time. He called Cai in to counsel him, dismissed everyone else, and spoke at length; those outside heard only Cai's stern voice: "My lord, you need only endure a moment's pain." Those who overheard broke out in a cold sweat. From then on Cai posted troops to guard Li Tingzhi's residence, resolved to die with him.
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七月，益王在福州，以龍神四廂都指揮使、保康軍承宣使召才，才與庭芝東至泰州，將入海。 阿術以兵追及，圍泰州，使使者招之降，才不聽。 阿術驅揚兵士妻子至城下，會才疽發脅不能戰，諸將遂開門降。 都統曹安國入才臥內，執之以獻。 阿術愛其忠勇，欲降而用之，才肆為慢言； 阿術責庭芝不降，才曰：“不降者才也。 ”復憤憤不已，阿術怒，剮之揚州。 才臨刑，夏貴出其傍，才切齒曰：“若見我寧不愧死邪？”
In the seventh month Prince Yi at Fuzhou summoned Cai as commander of the Dragon Spirit Guard and commissioner of the Baokang Army. Cai and Li Tingzhi marched east to Taizhou, planning to escape by sea. Azhu caught up, invested Taizhou, and sent envoys offering terms. Cai refused. Azhu drove the wives and children of the Yangzhou garrison before the walls. Cai's abscess flared on his side and left him unable to fight; his generals opened the gates and surrendered. Commander Cao Anguo entered Cai's sickroom and seized him to present to the enemy. Azhu admired his loyalty and courage and wanted to win him over, but Cai heaped insults on him. When Azhu blamed Li Tingzhi for refusing to surrender, Cai said, "I am the one who would not surrender." He raged on without stopping. Azhu had him dismembered at Yangzhou. At the execution Xia Gui appeared beside him. Cai ground his teeth and said, "Look at me—are you not ashamed to go on living?"
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有洪福者，夏貴家僮也，從貴積勞為鎮巢雄江左軍統製，鎮江北。 貴降，福與子大淵、大源、下班祗候彭元亮結貴軍復之，加右武大夫、知鎮巢。 貴既臣附，招福，不聽，使其從子往，福斬之。 大兵攻城，久不拔，遣貴至城下，好語語福，請單騎入城。 福信之，門發而伏兵起，執福父子，屠城中。 貴涖殺，大源、大淵謔曰：“法止誅首謀，何至舉家為戮？ ”福叱曰：“以一命報宋朝，何至告人求活邪？ ”次及福，福大罵數貴不忠，請身南向死，以明不背國也。 聞者流涕。
There was a man named Hong Fu, a household slave of Xia Gui's who through long service rose to command the Zhenchao army on the north bank of the Yangzi. When Xia Gui surrendered, Hong Fu with his sons Dayuan and Dayuan and attendant Peng Yuanliang rallied the old garrison and retook the fortress; he was made Right Martial Grandee and prefect of Zhenchao. After Xia Gui had submitted to the Mongols he sent envoys to win Hong Fu over. Fu refused; when Xia Gui sent a nephew, Fu executed him. The siege dragged on without success, so they sent Xia Gui to the walls with friendly words, asking to enter alone on horseback. Hong Fu believed him. The moment the gate opened, hidden troops rushed in, seized Hong Fu and his sons, and massacred the city. When Xia Gui came to oversee the executions, his sons Dayuan and Dayuan joked, "The law punishes only the ringleader—why wipe out the entire family?" Hong Fu snapped, "I am repaying the Song with my one life—why would I beg anyone to spare me?" When his turn came, Hong Fu cursed Xia Gui again and again for treachery and asked to die facing south, to show he had never betrayed his country. All who witnessed it wept.
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馬塈，宕昌人也。 一家父叔兄弟皆以忠勇為名將，而塈與其兄堃特顯。 鹹淳中，塈知欽州，徙知邕。 邕地接六詔、安南，傍通諸溪峒，撫禦少失宜，往往召亂。 塈鎮撫諸蠻及治關隘，皆有條理，大理不敢越善闡，安南不敢入永平，諸峒皆上帳冊，邊陲晏然。 廣西經略李興上其功，加閣門宣讚舍人。 未幾，以左武衛將軍征入朝。 已而宋亡，塈因留靜江，總屯戍諸軍，護經略司印守城。
Ma Ji came from Dangchang. His family for generations had produced generals famed for loyalty and courage; Ji and his elder brother Kun stood out above the rest. During the Xianchun reign he served as prefect of Qin and was then transferred to Yong. Yong bordered the Six Zhao kingdoms and Annan and opened onto countless mountain valleys and tribal domains; the slightest misstep in governance could spark rebellion. Ji pacified the tribes and organized the frontier passes so thoroughly that Dali dared not cross Shanchan, Annan dared not enter Yongping, every gorge submitted its registers, and the borderlands knew peace. Guangxi Pacification Commissioner Li Xing reported his achievements to court, and he was promoted to Gate Attendant and Proclamation Aide. Soon afterward he was summoned to court as Left Martial Guard General. When the Song fell he remained at Jingjiang, took command of all garrison forces, guarded the pacification commission's seal, and held the city.
17
至元十四年，平章阿裏海牙攻廣西。 塈發所部及諸峒兵守靜江，而自將三千人守嚴關，鑿馬坑，斷嶺道。 大兵攻嚴關不克，乃以偏師入平樂，過臨桂，夾攻塈。 塈兵敗，退保靜江。 平章使人招降，塈發弩射之。 攻三月，塈夜不解甲，前後百餘戰，城中死傷相籍，訖無降意。 城東隅稍卑，大軍陽攻西門，以精兵夜決水閘，攻東門，破其外城； 塈閉內城城守，又破之。 塈率死士巷戰，刀傷臂被執，殺之斷其首，猶握拳奮起，立逾時始仆。 靜江破，邕守馬成旺及其子都統應麒以城降，獨塈部將婁鈴轄猶以二百五十人守月城不下。 阿裏海牙笑曰：“是何足攻。 ”圍之十餘日，婁從壁上呼曰：“吾屬饑，不能出降，苟賜之食，當聽命。 ”乃遺之牛數頭，米數斛。 一部將開門取歸，復閉壁。 大軍乘高視之，兵皆分米，炊未熟，生臠牛，啖立盡。 鳴角伐鼓，諸將以為出戰也，甲以待。 婁乃令所部入擁一火炮然之，聲如雷霆，震城土皆崩，煙氣漲天外，兵多驚死者。 火熄入視之，灰燼無遺矣。
In 1277 Grand Councillor Arighaiya invaded Guangxi. Ji sent his own troops and tribal levies to defend Jingjiang while he personally led three thousand men to Yanguan, dug cavalry traps, and severed the mountain road. The main army failed to take Yanguan, so a flanking force marched through Pingle and Lingui to attack Ji from two sides. Ji was defeated and fell back to Jingjiang. Arighaiya sent envoys offering terms; Ji answered with crossbow fire. For three months Ji never took off his armor. He fought more than a hundred engagements; corpses and wounded filled the streets, yet he never wavered. The eastern corner of the wall was slightly lower. The enemy feigned an assault on the west gate, then by night elite troops breached the sluice and stormed the east gate, taking the outer city. Ji withdrew into the inner citadel and held on until that too fell. Ji led his last loyal men in street fighting until a blade cut his arm and he was seized. They killed him and cut off his head, yet his fist remained clenched and his body stood erect for a long while before it toppled. After Jingjiang fell, Yong's prefect Ma Chengwang and his son Commander Yingqi surrendered, but Ji's subordinate Commander Lou still held the moon citadel with 250 men and refused to submit. Arighaiya laughed and said, "What is this rabble worth besieging?" They invested it for ten days. Lou shouted from the wall, "We are starving—we cannot march out to surrender. Send us food and we will obey." They sent several oxen and a few hu of grain. An officer opened the gate to bring the supplies in, then shut the walls again. Watching from the heights, the besiegers saw the defenders divide the grain; before it was even cooked they butchered the oxen raw and devoured them on the spot. Horns and drums sounded; the Mongol generals thought a sortie was coming and armored their men to receive it. Lou had his men pack around a single cannon and fire it. The blast was like thunder; the walls crumbled and smoke billowed to the heavens. Many enemy soldiers died of shock alone. When the smoke cleared they entered and found nothing left but ash.
18
密佑，其先密州人，後渡淮居廬州。 佑為人剛毅質直，累官至廬州駐劄、御前遊擊中軍統領，改權江西路副總管。
Mi You's family originally came from Mizhou and later crossed the Huai to settle in Luzhou. You was stern, upright, and plain-spoken. He rose to command the Luzhou garrison and the Imperial Front Mobile Central Army, then became acting deputy overall commander of Jiangxi.
19
鹹淳十年，以閣門宣讚舍人為江西都統。 是冬，大元丞相伯顏下鄂州，留右丞阿裏海牙守之，而將大兵東下。 明年二月，朱礻巽孫遣高世傑取鄂州，阿裏海牙以兵逆擊，執世傑荊江口，兵盡潰，半入江西。 江西製置黃萬石招集之，且募寧都、廣昌、南劍義兵千餘人，盡以屬佑。 十一月，大兵至隆興，劉槃兵敗，乃嬰城自守。 萬石時移治撫州，將遁，懼佑不從，乃調佑兵援槃，且戒以勿戰。 未至隆興，槃已降，都統夏驥率所部兵潰圍出。
In 1274 he was appointed overall commander of Jiangxi with the title Gate Attendant and Proclamation Aide. That winter the Yuan Chancellor Bayan took Ezhou, left Arighaiya to hold it, and marched his main force east. The following February Zhu Sunsun sent Gao Shijie to retake Ezhou. Arighaiya met him, captured Shijie at the Jing River mouth, and routed the army; half the survivors fled into Jiangxi. Jiangxi Pacification Commissioner Huang Wanshi gathered the refugees and raised more than a thousand militia from Ningdu, Guangchang, and Nanjian, placing them all under You's command. In the eleventh month the enemy reached Longxing. Liu Pan was defeated and shut himself inside the city. Huang Wanshi had moved his headquarters to Fuzhou and planned to flee. Fearing You would refuse to abandon the fight, he ordered You's troops to relieve Liu Pan but warned him not to engage the enemy. Before You arrived, Liu Pan had already surrendered. Commander Xia Ji broke out of the encirclement with his own troops.
20
已而元帥張榮實、呂師夔提兵逼撫州，佑率眾逆之進賢坪，兵來呼曰：“降者乎？ 鬥者乎？ ”佑曰：“鬥者也。 ”麾其兵突戰，進至龍馬坪，大兵圍之數重，矢下如雨。 佑告其部曰：“今日死日也，若力戰，或有生理。 ”眾鹹憤厲。 自辰戰至日昃，佑麵中矢，拔之復戰，又身被四矢三槍，眾皆死，僅餘數十人。 佑乃揮雙刀斫圍南走，前渡橋，馬踏板斷，遂被執。 眾見其勇，戒勿殺，輿歸隆興。 元帥宋都 〈（角┦）〉 曰：“壯士也。 ”欲降之，係之月餘，終不屈。 嚐罵萬石為賣國小人，使我誌不得伸。 宋都 (角┦) 命劉槃、呂師夔坐城樓，引佑樓下，以金符遺之，許以官，佑不受，語侵槃、師夔，益不遜。 又令佑子說之曰：“父死，子安之？ ”佑斥曰：“汝行乞於市，第雲密都統子，誰不憐汝也。 ”怡然自解其衣請刑，遂死。 觀者皆泣下。
Soon the marshals Zhang Rongshi and Lü Shikui advanced on Fuzhou. You met them at Jinxianping. The enemy called out, "Will you surrender? Or will you fight?" You answered, "We fight." He led a charge to Longmaping, where the enemy surrounded them layer upon layer and arrows fell like rain. You told his men, "Today we die—but if we fight with all our strength, we may yet live." They burned with righteous fury. They fought from morning until afternoon. An arrow struck You in the face; he pulled it out and fought on until four more arrows and three spear wounds had found him. His men fell around him until only a few dozen remained. Wielding two swords he hacked his way south through the ring. At the bridge ahead his horse broke through the planks and he was captured. Impressed by his courage, his captors forbade anyone to kill him and carried him in a litter back to Longxing. Marshal Song Du Jiaozhu) said, "What a warrior." He wanted to win him over and kept him bound for more than a month, but You never yielded. He cursed Huang Wanshi as a traitor who had sold out the country and thwarted his own purpose. Song Du (Jiaozhu) had Liu Pan and Lü Shikui sit on the city tower, brought You below, offered him a gold tally and an office. You refused and insulted Pan and Shikui ever more brazenly. He then had You's son plead with him: "Father, if you die, what will become of your son?" You snapped, "Go beg in the marketplace—just say you are Commander Mi's son, and who will not take pity on you?" Calmly he stripped off his own clothes and asked for execution. And so he died. Every witness wept.
21
張世傑，范陽人。 少從張柔戍杞，有罪，遂奔宋，隸淮兵中，無所知名。 阮思聰見而奇之，言之呂文德，文德召為小校。 累功至黃州武定諸軍都統製。 攻安東州，戰疾力，與高達援鄂州有功，轉十官。 尋從賈似道入黃州，戰類草坪，奪還所俘，加環衛官，曆知高郵軍、安東州。
Zhang Shijie came from Fanyang. As a youth he served under Zhang Rou at Qi, committed an offense, fled to the Song side, and joined the Huai army without making a name for himself. Ruan Sicong spotted his talent and recommended him to Lü Wende, who took him on as a junior officer. Through repeated merit he rose to commander-in-chief of the Wuding armies at Huangzhou. He attacked Andong with furious energy and, with Gao Da, distinguished himself relieving Ezhou, earning ten promotions. He followed Jia Sidao into Huangzhou, fought at Leicao Plain, recaptured prisoners, was made an imperial guard officer, and served as prefect of Gaoyou and Andong in turn.
22
鹹淳四年，大軍築鹿門堡，呂文德請益兵於朝，調世傑與夏貴赴之。 及呂文煥以襄陽降，命世傑將五千人守鄂州。 世傑以鐵縆鎖兩城，夾以炮弩，其要津皆施杙，設攻具。 大軍破新城，長驅而下，世傑力戰，不得前，遣人招之，不聽。 丞相伯顏陽攻嚴山隘，潛自唐港蕩舟入漢，東攻鄂，鄂降。
In 1268 the Mongols built Lumen Fort. Lü Wende asked court for reinforcements, and Shijie was sent with Xia Gui. When Lü Wenhuan surrendered Xiangyang, Shijie was ordered to hold Ezhou with five thousand men. He chained the twin cities with iron cables, lined them with cannon and crossbows, staked every critical crossing, and prepared every siege device. The enemy took Xincheng and swept downstream. Shijie fought them to a halt; they sent envoys offering terms, but he refused to hear them. Chancellor Bayan feigned an assault on Yanshan Pass while secretly sending boats from Tang Harbor into the Han to strike Ezhou from the east. Ezhou fell.
23
世傑提所部兵入衛，道復饒州，乃入朝。 時方危急，征諸將勤王多不至，獨世傑來，上下歎異。 自和州防禦使不數月累加至保康軍承宣使，總都督府兵。 遣將四出，取浙西諸郡，復平江、安吉、廣德、溧陽諸城，兵勢頗振。 七月，與劉師勇諸將大出師焦山，令以十舟為方，碇江中，非有號令毋發碇，示以必死。 元帥阿術載彀士以火矢攻之，世傑兵亂，無敢發碇，赴江死者萬餘人。 大敗，奔圌山。 上疏請濟師，不報。 尋擢龍、神衛四廂都指揮使。 十月，進沿江招討使，改製置副使、兼知江陰軍。 已而大軍至獨鬆關，召文天祥入衛，以世傑為保康軍節度使、知平江。 尋亦召入衛，加檢校少保。
Shijie marched his troops to the capital for its defense, recovered Rao Prefecture en route, and presented himself at court. The dynasty was in desperate straits; of all the generals summoned to save the throne, only Shijie answered. Court and people alike were astonished. Within months he rose from defender of Hezhou to commissioner of the Baokang Army and commander of all forces under the Grand Marshal's headquarters. He sent generals in every direction to recover the prefectures of Zhe West—Pingjiang, Anji, Guangde, Liyang, and others—and the Song cause rallied. In the seventh month he joined Liu Shiyong and others in a major offensive from Jiaoshan. He arrayed the fleet in squares of ten ships, anchored in midstream, and forbade any vessel to weigh anchor without orders—a pledge to fight to the death. Marshal Azhu attacked with fire arrows from ballista ships. Shijie's fleet panicked; no one dared raise anchor, and more than ten thousand men drowned in the Yangzi. Utterly defeated, he fled to Mount Chun. He memorialized begging for reinforcements, but court never answered. He was soon promoted to commander of the four wings of the Dragon and Spirit Guards. In the tenth month he became Yangzi-route pacification commissioner, vice pacification commissioner, and concurrent prefect of Jiangyin. When the enemy reached Dusong Pass, Wen Tianxiang was recalled to the capital and Shijie was made military commissioner of the Baokang Army and prefect of Pingjiang. He too was soon recalled to the capital and made acting Junior Guardian.
24
二年正月，大軍迫臨安，世傑請移三宮入海，而與天祥合兵背城一戰。 丞相陳宜中方遣人請和，不可，白太皇太后止之。 未幾，和議亦沮。 兵至皋亭山，世傑乃提兵入定海。 石國英遣都統卞彪說之使降，世傑以為彪來從己俱南也，椎牛享之，酒半，彪從容為言，世傑大怒，斷其舌，磔之巾子山。
In the first month of 1276 the enemy closed on Lin'an. Shijie urged sending the imperial family to sea and joining Wen Tianxiang for one last battle with their backs to the city walls. Chief Minister Chen Yizhong was already sending envoys to sue for peace. Shijie would not permit it and appealed to the Grand Empress Dowager to stop the negotiations. Before long the peace talks collapsed as well. When the enemy reached Gaoting Mountain, Shijie withdrew his forces to Dinghai. Shi Guoying sent Commander Bian Biao to offer surrender terms. Shijie thought Biao had come to join him in the south, slaughtered an ox to feast him, but halfway through the banquet Biao broached his mission. Shijie flew into a rage, cut out his tongue, and had him dismembered on Mount Jinzi.
25
四月，從二王入福州。 五月，與宜中奉昰為主，拜簽書樞密院事。 王世強導大軍攻之，世傑乃奉益王入海，而自將陳吊眼、許夫人諸畬兵攻蒲壽庚，不下。 十月，元帥唆都將兵來援泉，遂解去。 既而唆都遣人招益王，又遣經曆孫安甫說世傑，世傑拘安甫軍中不遣。 招討劉深攻淺灣，世傑兵敗，移王居井澳，深復來攻井澳，世傑戰卻之，因徒石碙洲。
In the fourth month he followed the two princes into Fuzhou. In the fifth month he and Chen Yizhong enthroned Zhao Shi and made Shijie Secretary of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Wang Shiqiang guided the Mongol army against them. Shijie put Prince Yi to sea while he personally led Chen Diaoyan, Lady Xu, and the She tribesmen against Pu Shougeng, but could not take Quanzhou. In the tenth month Marshal Suodu brought reinforcements to Quanzhou and Shijie lifted the siege. Suodu then sent envoys to win over Prince Yi and clerk Sun Anfu to persuade Shijie. Shijie detained Anfu and refused to release him. Liu Shen attacked Qianwan. Shijie was defeated and moved the court to Jing'ao. When Liu Shen attacked again, Shijie drove him off and relocated to Shiqiaozhou.
26
至元十五年正月，遣將王用攻雷州，用敗績。 四月，益王殂，衛王昺立，拜世傑少傅、樞密副使。 五月，遣瓊州安撫張應科攻雷州，三戰皆不利。 六月，再決戰雷城下，應科死之。 世傑以碙洲不可居，徙王新會之崖山。 八月，封越國公。 發瓊州粟以給軍。 十月，遣淩震、王道夫襲廣州，震敗績。
In the first month of 1278 he sent General Wang Yong against Leizhou; Yong was defeated. In the fourth month Prince Yi died and Prince Wei Zhao Bing succeeded him. Shijie was made Junior Tutor and Vice Secretary of the Bureau of Military Affairs. In the fifth month he sent Zhang Yingke, pacification commissioner of Qiongzhou, against Leizhou; three battles went against them. In the sixth month they fought again before Leizhou; Zhang Yingke was killed. Finding Shiqiaozhou untenable, Shijie moved the court to Yamen off the coast of Xinhui. In the eighth month he was enfeoffed as Duke of Yue. He drew grain from Qiongzhou to feed the army. In the tenth month he sent Ling Zhen and Wang Daofu to strike Guangzhou; Zhen was beaten.
27
明年，元帥張弘範等兵至崖山，或謂世傑曰：“北兵以舟師塞海口，則我不能進退，盍先據海口。 幸而勝，國之福也； 不勝，猶可西走。 ”世傑恐久在海上有離心，動則必散，乃曰：“頻年航海，何時已乎？ 今須與決勝負。 ”悉焚行朝草市，結大舶千餘作水砦，為死守計，人皆危之。 已而弘範兵至，據海口，樵汲道絕，兵茹幹糧十餘日，渴甚，下掬海水飲之，海鹹，飲即嘔泄，兵大困。 世傑率蘇劉義、方興日大戰。 弘範得世傑甥韓，命以官，使三至招之，世傑曆數古忠臣曰：“吾知降，生且富貴，但為主死不移耳。 ”二月癸未，弘範等攻崖山，世傑敗，走衛王舟。 大軍薄中軍，世傑乃斷維，以十餘艦奪港去。 後還收兵崖山，劉自立擊敗之，降其將方遇龍、葉秀榮、章文秀等四十餘人。 世傑復欲奉楊太妃求趙氏後而立之，俄颶風壞舟，溺死平章山下。
The following year Marshal Zhang Hongfan reached Yamen. Some urged Shijie, "If the Mongols seal the estuary with their fleet, we will have no escape—seize the mouth of the bay first. If we win, the dynasty is saved; if we lose, we can still flee west." Shijie feared that prolonged life at sea would breed disloyalty and that any move would scatter the fleet. He said, "How many more years must we wander the sea? Now we must settle this once and for all." He burned the court's shore market, chained more than a thousand great ships into a floating fortress, and resolved to fight to the death. All who saw it were appalled. Hongfan seized the estuary and cut off firewood and fresh water. For more than ten days the men ate only dry rations. Driven mad with thirst, they drank seawater and vomited until the army was near collapse. Shijie led Su Liu Yi and Fang Xingri in repeated fierce battles. Hongfan captured Shijie's nephew Han, gave him an office, and sent him three times to win Shijie over. Shijie named the loyal ministers of old and said, "I know surrender would bring me wealth and rank—but I will die for my lord without wavering." On guiwei day of the second month Hongfan attacked Yamen. Shijie was beaten and fled to Prince Wei's ship. As the enemy closed on the central squadron, Shijie cut his cables and broke through the channel with a dozen ships. He returned later to rally the remnants at Yamen, but Liu Zili defeated him and accepted the surrender of more than forty of his generals, including Fang Yulong, Ye Xiurong, and Zhang Wenxiu. He still hoped to place a Zhao heir on the throne under Grand Consort Yang's protection, but a typhoon wrecked his fleet and he drowned off Mount Pingzhang.
28
劉師勇者，廬州人。 以戰功曆環衛官。 魯港師潰，賈似道欲東入海，師勇讚之入揚州圖再舉，似道然之。 時姚訔復常州，似道命師勇以淮兵取呂城，朝廷加師勇和州防禦使，助訔守常，而以張彥守呂城，合兵拒大軍。 戰失利，彥馬弱，陷淖中見執，呂城失守，常州勢益孤。 大軍置彥城下招降，師勇以大義斥彥，彥慚而退。 又遣範文虎來諭，師勇伏弩射走之。 常受圍數月，援兵絕，有群鴟飛鳴繞城，眾惡為不祥，俄而城陷。 師勇拔柵，戰且行，其弟馬墮塹，躍不能出，師勇舉手與訣而去。 淮軍數千人皆鬥死。 有婦人伏積屍下，窺淮兵六人反背相拄，殺敵十百人乃殪。 師勇從二王至海上，見時事不可為，憂憤縱酒卒，葬於鼓山。
Liu Shiyong came from Luzhou. He rose through the imperial guard ranks on battlefield merit. After the rout at Lugang, Jia Sidao wanted to flee east by sea. Shiyong urged him instead to enter Yangzhou and plan a comeback, and Sidao agreed. Yao Yin had retaken Changzhou. Sidao ordered Shiyong to seize Lücheng with Huai troops. The court made Shiyong defender of Hezhou to help Yin hold Changzhou while Zhang Yan held Lücheng; together they faced the Mongol army. They were defeated; Yan's horses foundered in the mud and he was captured. Lücheng fell and Changzhou was left utterly isolated. The enemy placed Yan before the walls to urge surrender. Shiyong denounced him on grounds of loyalty; Yan withdrew in shame. Fan Wenhu was sent again with offers of peace; Shiyong ambushed him with crossbows and drove him off. Changzhou was besieged for months without relief. Kites circled the walls shrieking—a sign the defenders took for doom—and soon the city fell. Shiyong tore down the palisade and fought his way out. His brother's horse fell into a ditch and could not rise; Shiyong raised his hand in farewell and rode on. Several thousand Huai soldiers fought to the last man. One woman hid under the heaped dead and saw six Huai soldiers stand back to back, killing a hundred enemies before they themselves fell. He followed the two princes to sea, saw the cause was hopeless, drank himself to death in grief and rage, and was buried on Mount Gu.
29
秀夫才思清麗，一時文人少能及之。 性沉靜，不苟求人知，每僚吏至閣，賓主交歡，秀夫獨斂焉無一語。 或時宴集府中，坐尊俎間，矜莊終日，未嚐少有希合。 至察其事，皆治，庭芝益器之，雖改官不使去己，就幕三遷至主管機宜文字。 鹹淳十年，庭芝製置淮東，擢參議官。 德祐元年，邊事急，諸僚屬多亡者，惟秀夫數人不去。 庭芝上其名，除司農寺丞，累擢至宗正少卿兼權起居舍人。
Lu Xiufu's prose was lucid and elegant; few scholars of his day could match it. He was reserved by nature and never courted attention. When colleagues visited the bureau and chatter filled the room, Xiufu alone sat in silence. At feasts in the prefect's hall he would sit among the wine cups, grave and formal all day, never playing to the crowd. Yet everything he handled was in order. Li Tingzhi prized him all the more and, though his title changed, would not let him leave his staff. On the secretariat he rose three times to director of confidential documents. In 1274 Li Tingzhi became pacification commissioner of Huai East and made Xiufu his deliberation officer. In 1275 the frontier crisis deepened and most staff fled; only Xiufu and a handful stayed. Tingzhi recommended him to court. He was made vice director of the Court of the Imperial Clan and eventually rose to vice minister of that court and acting Recorder of the Left.
30
二年正月，以禮部侍郎使軍前請和，不就而反。 二王走溫州，秀夫與蘇劉義追從之，使人召陳宜中、張世傑等皆至，遂相與立益王於福州。 進端明殿學士、簽書樞密院事。 宜中以秀夫久在兵間，知軍務，每事谘訪始行，秀夫亦悉心讚之，無不自盡。 旋與議宜中不合，宜中使言者劾罷之。 張世傑讓宜中曰：“此何如時，動以台諫論人？ ”宜中皇恐，亟召秀夫還。
In the first month of 1276 he went as Vice Minister of Rites to sue for peace at the enemy camp, failed, and returned. The two princes fled to Wenzhou. Xiufu and Su Liu Yi followed, summoned Chen Yizhong, Zhang Shijie, and the rest, and together enthroned Prince Yi at Fuzhou. He was made Academician of the Duanming Hall and Secretary of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Because Xiufu knew military affairs from long service in the field, Yizhong consulted him on every decision. Xiufu gave his counsel without reserve. Soon he clashed with Yizhong in council, and Yizhong had censors impeach him out of office. Zhang Shijie rebuked him: "What sort of moment is this to be using censors as political weapons?" Yizhong was terrified and hastily recalled Xiufu.
31
時君臣播越海濱，庶事疏略，楊太妃垂簾，與群臣語猶自稱奴。 每時節朝會，秀夫儼然正笏立，如治朝，或時在行中，淒然泣下，以朝衣拭淚，衣盡浥，左右無不悲動者。 屬井澳風，王以驚疾殂，群臣皆欲散去。 秀夫曰：“度宗皇帝一子尚在，將焉置之？ 古人有以一旅一成中興者，今百官有司皆具，士卒數萬，天若未欲絕宋，此豈不可為國邪？ ”乃與眾共立衛王。 時陳宜中往占城，以與世傑不協，屢召不至。 乃以秀夫為左丞相，與世傑共秉政。 時世傑駐兵崖山，秀夫外籌軍旅，內調工役，凡有所述作，又盡出其手。 雖匆遽流離中，猶日書《大學章句》以勸講。
Court and emperor were adrift along the coast, government in disarray. Grand Consort Yang held the curtain and still addressed the ministers as "this slave." At each seasonal audience Xiufu stood with tablet in hand as though the court still ruled from Lin'an. Sometimes in the imperial procession he wept until his court robes were soaked, and all who saw it were overcome. When a storm struck Jing'ao the young emperor died of fright and the ministers wanted to disperse. Xiufu said, "Emperor Duzong still has a living son—where else shall we place our hopes? The ancients restored fallen dynasties with a single regiment. We still have the full bureaucracy and tens of thousands of soldiers. If Heaven has not yet abandoned Song, how can we not still make a nation of this?" Together they enthroned Prince Wei. Chen Yizhong had gone to Champa and, at odds with Shijie, ignored repeated summonses. Xiufu was made Left Chancellor and shared power with Shijie. While Shijie held Yamen, Xiufu directed military affairs abroad and labor within; every document the court needed passed through his hand alone. Even in frantic flight he copied out the Great Learning day by day to encourage study.
32
至元十六年二月，崖山破，秀夫走衛王舟，而世傑、劉義各斷維去，秀夫度不可脫，乃杖劍驅妻子入海，即負王赴海死，年四十四。
In the second month of 1279 Yamen fell. Xiufu reached Prince Wei's ship, but Shijie and Liu Yi had already cut loose and fled. Seeing no escape, he drove his wife and children into the sea with his sword, then carried the boy emperor on his back into the waves. He was forty-four.
33
翰林學士劉鼎孫亦驅家屬並輜重沉海，不死被執，搒掠無完膚，一夕得脫，卒蹈海。 鼎孫字伯鎮，江陵人，進士也。
Hanlin Academician Liu Dingsun drove his family and baggage into the sea. He survived capture and beating until no inch of skin was whole, escaped one night, and finally drowned himself. Liu Dingsun, courtesy name Bozhen, was a presented scholar from Jiangling.
34
方秀夫海上時，記二王事為一書甚悉，以授禮部侍郎鄧光薦曰：“君後死，幸傳之。 ”其後崖山平，光薦以其書還廬陵。 大德初，光薦卒，其書存亡無從知，故海上之事，世莫得其詳雲。
While at sea Xiufu compiled a detailed record of the two princes' reign and gave it to Vice Minister of Rites Deng Guangjian, saying, "You will outlive me—see that it survives." After Yamen fell, Guangjian took the manuscript back to Luling. Early in the Dade era Guangjian died, and whether the book survived is unknown. That is why the world knows so little of what happened at sea.
35
徐應鑣，字巨翁，衢之江山人，世為衢望族。 鹹淳末，試補太學生。 德祐二年，宋亡，瀛國公入燕，三學生百餘人皆從行。 應鑣不欲從，乃與其子琦、崧、女元娘誓共焚，子女皆喜從之。
Xu Yingbiao, whose courtesy name was Juweng, came from Jiangshan in Qu Prefecture. His family had for generations been one of the leading clans of the region. Near the end of the Xianchun reign he entered the Imperial University. In 1276 the Song fell. The young Emperor Gong was taken to Yan, and more than a hundred university students were ordered to accompany him north. Yingbiao refused to go. He swore with his sons Qi and Song and his daughter Yuanniang to die by fire together, and they gladly agreed.
36
太學故岳飛第，有飛祠，應鑣具酒肉祀飛曰：“天不祐宋，社稷為墟，應鑣死以報國，誓不與諸生俱北。 死已，將魂魄累王，作配神主，與王英靈，永永無斁。 ”琦亦賦詩以自誓。 祭畢，以酒肉餉諸仆，諸仆醉臥，應鑣乃與其子女入梯雲樓，積諸房書籍箱笥四周，縱火自焚。 一小仆未寐，聞火聲，起至樓下穴牖視之，應鑣父子儼然坐立，如廟塑像。 走報諸仆，壞壁入，撲滅火。 應鑣不得死，與其子女怏怏出戶去，倉卒莫知所之，翌日得其屍祠前井中，皆僵立瞠目，麵如生。 諸仆為具棺斂，殯之西湖金牛僧舍。 益王立福州，褒其節，贈朝奉郎、秘閣修撰。 後十年，其同舍生劉汝鈞率儒者五十餘人收而葬之方家峪，私諡曰正節先生。
The university occupied Yue Fei's old residence, where his shrine still stood. Yingbiao offered wine and meat before the general's image and said, "Heaven has abandoned Song and the altars lie in ruins. I die to repay my country and swear I will not go north with the other students." After death my soul shall attend the Prince as a companion spirit, sharing his heroic presence forever. Qi too wrote a poem pledging himself to the same end. After the rites he feasted the servants until they lay drunk. Then he and his children entered the Ladder-to-Clouds Tower, heaped books and chests around them, and set the fire. A young servant who had not drunk heard the flames, looked through a crack in the wall, and saw Yingbiao and his children sitting upright like temple images. He roused the others; they broke through the wall and extinguished the blaze. Yingbiao failed to die. He left with his children in bitter disappointment. The next day their bodies were found in the shrine well, standing rigid with eyes wide open, faces unchanged in death. The servants coffined them and laid them to rest at the Golden Ox monastery west of West Lake. When Prince Yi was enthroned at Fuzhou, court honored his integrity with the posthumous titles Court Gentleman for Attendance and Compiler at the Secretariat Pavilion. Ten years later his classmate Liu Rujun led more than fifty scholars to reinter them at Fangjiayu and gave him the private posthumous title Master of Upright Integrity.
37
陳文龍字君賁，福州興化人。 丞相俊卿之後也。 能文章，負氣節。 初名子龍，鹹淳五年廷對第一，度宗易其名文龍。
Chen Wenlong, whose courtesy name was Junbin, came from Xinghua in Fuzhou. He was descended from Chief Minister Chen Junqing. He was a gifted writer and a man of fierce integrity. Originally named Zilong, he ranked first in the palace examination of 1269; Emperor Duzong renamed him Wenlong.
38
丞相賈似道愛其文，雅禮重之。 由鎮東軍節度判官、曆崇政殿說書、秘書省校書郎。 數年，拜監察御史，皆出似道力。 然自十數年，似道所置台諫皆闒茸，台中相承，凡有所建白，皆呈稿似道始行。 至文龍為之，獨不呈稿，已忤似道。 知臨安府洪起畏請行類田，似道主其說，文龍上疏以為不可，似道怒，寢其疏。 襄陽久被圍，似道日恣淫樂，不少加意，時陽請督師，而陰使其黨留己，竟失襄陽。 文龍上疏極言其失。 範文虎總師無功，似道芘之，以知安慶，又除趙溍知建康，黃萬石知臨安。 文龍言：“文虎失襄陽，今反見擢用，是當罰而賞也。 溍乳臭小子，何以任大閫之寄？ 萬石政事怠荒，以為京尹，何以能治？ 請皆罷之。 ”似道大怒，黜文龍知撫州，旋又使台臣李可劾罷之。 未幾，呂文煥導大軍東下，範文虎首迎降，與文煥俱東。 似道兵潰魯港，溍最先遁，以故列城從之皆遁，始悔不用文龍之言。 起為左司諫，尋遷侍御史。
Chief Minister Jia Sidao admired his writing and treated him with marked respect. He rose from judge of the Zhendong Army through lecturer at the Chongzheng Hall to proofreader of the Secretariat. Within a few years he was made investigating censor, entirely through Sidao's patronage. For more than a decade Sidao had packed the censorate with mediocrities. By custom every memorial had to be shown to Sidao in draft before it could be issued. Wenlong alone refused to show drafts in advance—and had already offended Sidao. Lin'an Prefect Hong Qiwei proposed a categorized-field tax scheme that Sidao favored. Wenlong memorialized against it; Sidao was furious and suppressed the memorial. While Xiangyang starved under siege, Sidao gave himself to pleasure. He publicly asked to take command while secretly arranging to stay put—and Xiangyang fell. Wenlong memorialized in blistering detail listing his failures. Fan Wenhu had failed as commander-in-chief, yet Sidao protected him and made him prefect of Anqing. Zhao Jin was made prefect of Jiankang and Huang Wanshi prefect of Lin'an. Wenlong said, "Wenhu lost Xiangyang and is now rewarded—that is to punish merit and reward failure." Jin is a callow boy—how can he hold a frontier command? Wanshi is negligent in office—how can he govern the capital? I ask that all three be dismissed. Sidao was furious, demoted Wenlong to prefect of Fuzhou, and soon had censor Li Ke impeach him out of office. Soon Lü Wenhuan led the Mongol army east. Fan Wenhu was first to surrender and marched east with him. Sidao's army collapsed at Lugang; Jin fled first, and city after city followed. Only then did Sidao regret ignoring Wenlong. He was recalled as Left Bureau Remonstrator and soon promoted to attending censor.
39
時邊事甚急，王爚與陳宜中不能畫一策，而日坐朝堂爭私意。 潛說友以平江降，台臣請籍其家，爚以為可，宜中以為不可。 張世傑諸將分四道出師，而大臣不監護，台諫論之，爚請行邊，下公卿雜議，宜中請出督師，又下公卿雜議。 文龍上疏曰：“《書》言‘三後協心，同底於道。 ’北兵今日取某城，明日築某堡，而我以文相遜，以跡相疑，譬猶拯溺救焚，而為安步徐行之儀也。 請詔大臣同心圖治，無滋虛議。 ”其後宜中與爚終不相能而去，至十月始來，事已不可為矣。
The frontier crisis was acute, yet Wang Huo and Chen Yizhong could agree on no policy and spent their days in court quarreling over private grievances. Qian Shuiyou surrendered Pingjiang. Censors demanded confiscation of his family's property; Huo agreed and Yizhong refused. Zhang Shijie's generals marched out in four columns without ministerial oversight. Censors protested. Huo offered to inspect the frontier and referred the matter to the bureaucracy; Yizhong offered to supervise the armies and did the same. Wenlong memorialized: "The Documents say, 'Let the three queens join their hearts and walk together on the Way.'" The enemy takes a city today and builds a fort tomorrow, while we defer to one another in words and suspect one another in deeds—as if we were saving men from drowning and fire while insisting on walking at a ceremonial pace." I beg that Your Majesty command the ministers to unite in governing and cease empty debate. Yizhong and Huo remained at odds and stayed away; Yizhong did not return until the tenth month, by which time nothing could be saved.
40
是冬，累遷文龍至參知政事。 未幾議降，文龍乃上章乞歸養，既出國門而悔之，復上疏求還，不報，乃歸。 五月，益王稱製於福州，復以文龍參知政事。 漳州叛，以文龍為閩、廣宣撫使討之。 文龍以黃恮前守漳有恩信，辟為參謀官。 按兵泉州，使恮入招撫之，恮至，民皆頓首謝罪。 興化有石手軍者，能擲石中人，議者以其不足用罷之，石手軍亦叛，復命文龍為知軍，平之。
That winter Wenlong was promoted to vice councilor. When surrender was debated, Wenlong asked leave to retire and care for his parents. After he had left the capital he regretted it and petitioned to return; receiving no answer, he went home. In the fifth month Prince Yi assumed the regency at Fuzhou and restored Wenlong as vice councilor. When Zhangzhou rebelled, Wenlong was made pacification commissioner of Fujian and Guang to suppress the revolt. Wenlong recalled Huang Shen, who had once governed Zhangzhou with kindness, and made him his staff officer. He held his army at Quanzhou and sent Shen to win the people over. When Shen arrived they kowtowed in submission. Xinghua had a Stone-Hand corps skilled at throwing rocks. Court dismissed them as useless; they rebelled, and Wenlong was again sent as military prefect to crush them.
41
已而降將王世強復導大軍入廣，建寧、泉、福皆降。 知福州王剛中遣使徇興化，文龍斬之而縱其副以還，使持書責世強、剛中負國。 遂發民兵自守，城中兵不滿千，大兵來攻不克，使其姻家持書招降之，文龍焚書斬其使。 有風其納款者，文龍曰：“諸君特畏死耳，未知此生能不死乎？ ”乃使其將林華偵伺境上。 華即降，且導兵至城下，通判曹澄孫開門降，執文龍與其家人至軍中，欲降之，不屈，左右淩挫之，文龍指其腹曰：“此皆節義文章也，可相逼邪？ ”強之，卒不屈，乃械係送杭州。 文龍去興化即不食，至杭餓死。 其母係福州尼寺中，病甚，無醫藥，左右視之泣下。 母曰：“吾與吾兒同死，又何恨哉？ ”亦死。 眾歎曰：“有斯母，宜有是兒。 ”為收葬之。
Soon the turncoat Wang Shiqiang guided the Mongol army into Guangdong; Jianning, Quanzhou, and Fuzhou all fell. Fuzhou Prefect Wang Gangzhong sent an envoy to Xinghua. Wenlong executed him but let the deputy return with a letter denouncing Shiqiang and Gangzhong as traitors. He mobilized the militia; the garrison numbered fewer than a thousand. The enemy failed to take the city. They sent his in-law with surrender terms; Wenlong burned the letter and beheaded the messenger. When rumors spread that he would surrender, Wenlong said, "You only fear death—you do not yet know whether you can escape it in this life." He sent his general Lin Hua to scout the frontier. Lin Hua surrendered at once and guided the enemy to the walls. Vice Prefect Cao Chengsun opened the gates. They seized Wenlong and his family and tried to win him over. He refused. As they mocked him he pointed to his belly and said, "All this is loyalty and learning—can you force it out of me?" They pressed him again and again; he never yielded and was sent in chains to Hangzhou. From the day he left Xinghua he refused food and starved to death at Hangzhou. His mother was held in a Fuzhou nunnery, desperately ill and without medicine. Those who attended her wept. She said, "I die with my son—what regret could I have?" And she died. People said, "Such a mother deserved such a son." They gave her a proper burial.
42
蒲壽庚以泉州降，告其民曰：“陳文龍非不忠義，如民何？ ”聞者笑之。 大兵既歸，文龍之侄瓚復舉兵殺林華，據興化，未幾復破，瓚死之。
Pu Shougeng surrendered Quanzhou and told the people, "Chen Wenlong is loyal enough—but what about the rest of you?" Those who heard laughed. After the Mongols withdrew, Wenlong's nephew Zan raised troops, killed Lin Hua, and seized Xinghua; he was soon defeated and killed.
43
鄧得遇，字達夫，邛州人。 淳祐十年進士。 調寧遠主簿，改知南昌縣，通判隆興府，監行在左藏庫，出知昭州，遷廣西提點刑獄，逾年攝經略事兼知靜江府。
Deng Deyu, whose courtesy name was Dafu, came from Qiong Prefecture. He received his jinshi degree in 1250. He served as registrar of Ningyuan, then magistrate of Nanchang, vice prefect of Longxing, overseer of the capital Left Treasury, and prefect of Zhao before becoming judicial intendant of Guangxi. A year later he acted as pacification commissioner and concurrently governed Jingjiang.
44
德祐元年，長沙被兵，得遇遣都統馬驥、馬應麒赴援。 驥潛叛而還，得遇斬之，軍事悉委之應麒。 未幾，馬塈代閫，議事不合。 二年，移治蒼梧。
In 1275 Changsha came under attack; Deyu sent commanders Ma Ji and Ma Yingqi to its relief. Ma Ji secretly deserted and returned; Deyu executed him and gave Yingqi full command of the army. Soon Ma Ji replaced him as circuit commander, and the two could not agree on policy. In 1276 he moved his headquarters to Cangwu.
45
靜江破，得遇朝服南望拜辭，書幅紙云：“宋室忠臣，鄧氏孝子。 不忍偷生，寧甘溺死。 彭鹹故居，乃吾潭府。 屈公子平，乃吾伴侶。 優哉悠哉，吾得其所！ ”遂投南流江而死。
When Jingjiang fell, Deyu in full court dress bowed south in farewell and wrote: "A loyal minister of Song, a filial son of the Deng clan. I will not live in disgrace—I choose to drown. Peng Xian's old dwelling shall be my deep pool home. Qu Yuan's Master Ping shall be my companion." At last I have found my place! He threw himself into the Nanliu River and drowned.
46
張玨，字君玉，隴西鳳州人。 年十八，從軍釣魚山，以戰功累官中軍都統製，人號為“四川虓將”。
Zhang Jue, whose courtesy name was Junyu, came from Longxi in Feng Prefecture. At eighteen he enlisted at Diaoyu Mountain and rose through battle to commander-in-chief of the central army; men called him "Sichuan's fierce general."
47
寶祐末，大兵攻蜀，破吉平隘，拔長寧，殺守將王佐父子。 至閬州，降安撫楊奫，推官趙廣死之。 至蓬州，降守將張大悅，運使施擇善死之。 順慶、廣安諸郡，破竹而下。 明年，合諸道兵圍合州，凡攻城之具無不精備。 玨與王堅協力戰守，攻之九月不能下。 景定初，合守王堅征入朝，以馬千代守合。 四年，千子饋餉至虎相山，為東川兵所得，屢以書勸千降，朝廷乃以玨代千。 玨魁雄有謀，善用兵，出奇設伏，算無遺策。 其治合州，士卒必練，器械必精，禦部曲有法，雖奴隸有功必優賞之，有過雖至親必罰不貸，故人人用命。
At the end of the Baoyou era the Mongols invaded Sichuan, took Jiping Pass and Changning, and killed the defender Wang Zuo and his son. At Langzhou, Pacification Commissioner Yang Shen surrendered; the supervising secretary Zhao Guang died rather than submit. At Pengzhou, the defender Zhang Dayue surrendered; Transport Commissioner Shi Zeshan died rather than submit. Shunqing, Guang'an, and the surrounding prefectures fell in rapid succession. The next year the Mongols mustered troops from every quarter and besieged Hezhou, with every siege engine made ready. Jue and Wang Jian held the city together; the Mongols besieged it for nine months without success. Early in the Jingding era Wang Jian was recalled to court and Ma Qian was left to hold Hezhou. In the fourth year Ma Qian's son was captured at Huxiang Mountain while bringing supplies; the enemy repeatedly urged Ma Qian to surrender, and the court replaced him with Jue. Jue was bold and cunning, a master of arms who laid ambushes and surprises; his plans never missed. He governed Hezhou with iron discipline: troops drilled, weapons kept sharp, every unit under firm command. Slaves who earned merit were richly rewarded; even kin who broke the rules were punished without mercy, and every man fought to the order.
48
自全汝楫失大良平，大兵築虎相山，駐兵兩城，時出攻梁山、忠萬開達，民不得耕，兵不得解甲而臥，每餉渠，竭數郡兵護送，死戰兩城之下始克入。 鹹淳二年十二月，玨遣其將史炤、王立以死士五十斧西門入，大戰城中，復其城。 三年四月，平章賽典赤提兵入，壞重慶麥，道出合城下，玨碇舟斷江中為水城，大兵數萬攻之不克，遂引去。
After Quan Ruji lost Daliangping the Mongols fortified Huxiang Mountain and garrisoned two forts, raiding Liangshan, Zhongzhou, Wanzhou, Kaizhou, and Dazhou. Farmers could not tend their fields; defenders slept in armor. Every supply convoy required troops from several prefectures to escort it, and men had to fight their way through the enemy camps before reaching the city. In December 1266 Jue sent Shi Zhao and Wang Li with fifty chosen men to break in through the west gate, fought through the city, and retook the fort. In April 1267 the Yuan counselor Sayan Ajir led troops that ravaged Chongqing's wheat and passed below Hezhou. Jue moored boats across the river to form a water barrier; tens of thousands of Mongols failed to break it and withdrew.
49
合州自餘玠用二冉生策，徙軍釣魚山，城壁甚固。 然開、慶受兵，民凋弊甚，玨外以兵護耕，內教民墾田積粟，未再期，公私兼足。 九年，叛將劉整復獻計，欲自青居進築馬鬃、虎頂山，扼三江口以圖合，匣刺統軍率諸翼兵以築之。 左右欲出兵與之爭，玨不可，曰：“蕪菁平母德、彰城，汪帥勁兵之所聚也，吾出不意而攻之，馬鬃必顧其後，不暇城矣。 ”乃張疑兵嘉渠口，潛師渡平陽灘攻二城，火其資糧器械，越砦七十里，焚工場，統製周虎戰死，馬工城卒不就。
Since Yu Jie had adopted the Two Rans' plan and moved the garrison to Diaoyu Mountain, Hezhou's walls were exceptionally strong. Yet Kaizhou and Qing Prefecture had been ravaged by war. Jue sent troops to protect the fields and taught the people to reclaim land and store grain; within two years public and private stores were full again. In the ninth year the turncoat Liu Zheng proposed building forts at Mazon and Huding Mountain from Qingju to block the three rivers and threaten Hezhou; the commander Xi'a led wing troops to construct them. His officers urged a direct assault; Jue refused. "Wujing Pingmude and Zhangcheng are where Marshal Wang's best troops are massed," he said. "A surprise strike there will force them to abandon Mazon before the walls go up. He feigned at Jiaqu Pass while secretly crossing Pingyang Beach to strike the two forts, burning their stores and equipment, raiding seventy li deep and burning the workshops. Commander Zhou Hu fell in battle and the Mazon fort was never finished.
50
時陽立以涪州降，玨遣張萬攻走立，俘其僚屬馮巽午等。 立復合兵來決戰，史進、張世傑戰死，萬不支，俘立妻子及安撫李端以歸。 玨以都統程聰守涪。 重慶兵盡退。 玨聞二王立廣中，遣兵數百人求王所。 調史訓忠、趙安等援瀘州。 張萬入夔，連忠、涪兵拔石門及巴巫砦，獲將士百餘人，解大寧圍，攻破十八砦。 明年六月，張德潤復破涪州，執守將程聰。 先是，聰在重慶力主守城之議，玨入，不知也，使出守涪。 聰至郡怏怏，不設備，至是被執。 德潤以肩輿載聰歸，語之曰：“若子鵬飛為參政矣，旦晚可會聚也。 ”聰曰：“我執彼降，非吾子也。”
When Yang Li surrendered Fuzhou, Jue sent Zhang Wan to drive him out and captured his subordinates including Feng Xunwu. Li returned with reinforced troops for a pitched battle. Shi Jin and Zhang Shijie were killed; Zhang Wan was overrun but carried off Li's wife and children and Pacification Commissioner Li Duan. Jue put Commander Cheng Cong in charge of Fuzhou. Chongqing's forces withdrew entirely. Learning that Prince Yi had set up court in Guangdong, Jue sent several hundred men to find him. He dispatched Shi Xunzhong, Zhao An, and others to relieve Luzhou. Zhang Wan entered Kuizhou, joined forces from Zhong and Fu, took Shimen and the Ba-Wu stockades, captured over a hundred soldiers, lifted the siege of Daling, and stormed eighteen forts. The following June Zhang Derun retook Fuzhou and captured the defender Cheng Cong. Earlier Cheng Cong had strongly argued for holding Chongqing. Jue did not know this when he took command and sent him to hold Fuzhou. Cheng Cong took the posting in sullen resentment, neglected his defenses, and was captured. Zhang Derun had Cheng Cong carried off in a sedan chair and told him, "Your son Pengfei is now vice councilor—you will soon be reunited. Cheng Cong said, "I am a prisoner while he surrendered—he is no son of mine.
51
是月，梁山軍袁世安降。 十月，萬州破，殺守將上官夔。 十一月，瀘州食盡，人相食，遂破之，安撫王世昌自經死。
That month Yuan Shi'an of the Liangshan garrison surrendered. In the tenth month Wanzhou fell and its defender Shangguan Kui was killed. In the eleventh month Luzhou ran out of food and people resorted to cannibalism. The city fell and Pacification Commissioner Wang Shichang hanged himself.
52
大兵會重慶，駐佛圖關，以一軍駐南城，一軍駐朱村坪，一軍駐江上。 遣瀘州降將李從招降，玨不從。 十二月，達州降將鮮汝忠破鹹淳皇華城，執守將馬堃，軍使包申巷戰死。 至元十五年春，玨遣總管李義將兵由廣陽，一軍皆沒。 二月，大兵破紹慶府，執守將鮮龍，湖北提刑趙立與製司幕官趙酉泰皆自殺。 玨率兵出薰風門，與大將也速 〈（角┦）〉 兒戰扶桑壩，諸將從其後合擊之，玨兵大潰。 城中糧盡，趙安以書說玨降，不聽。 安乃與帳下韓忠顯夜開鎮西門降。 玨率兵巷戰不支，歸索鴆飲，左右匿鴆，乃以小舟載妻子東走涪。 中道大憾，斧其舟欲自沉，舟人奪斧擲江中，玨踴躍欲赴水，家人挽持不得死。 明日，萬戶鐵木兒追及於涪，執之送京師。 重慶降，製機曹琦自經死，張萬、張起岩出降。 進攻合州，破外城。 三月，王立亦降。
The Mongol army converged on Chongqing, holding Fotu Pass with detachments at the south wall, Zhucunping, and the river. They sent the Luzhou turncoat Li Cong with surrender terms; Jue refused. In the twelfth month the Dazhou turncoat Xian Ruzhong took Huanghua City, captured the defender Ma Kun, and Army Commander Bao Shenxiang was killed. In the spring of 1278 Jue sent Overseer Li Yi through Guangyang with a detachment; the entire force was wiped out. In the second month the Mongols took Shaoping Prefecture and captured the defender Xian Long; Hubei Judicial Intendant Zhao Li and staff officer Zhao Youtai both took their own lives. Jue led troops out the Xunfeng Gate to meet the great general Yesü Jiaozhu) Er at Fusang Dam; the generals closed from behind and routed Jue's army. When the city's grain ran out Zhao An urged Jue to surrender in a letter; he refused. Zhao An and his man Han Zhongxian opened the west gate by night and surrendered. Jue fought house to house until he could hold no longer. He searched for poison, but his attendants had hidden it. He put his family in a small boat and fled east toward Fuzhou. Midstream he was overcome with remorse and tried to sink the boat, but the boatman wrested away the axe and threw it in the river. Jue leaped for the water, but his family held him back from death. The next day the Yuan commander Tiemuer overtook him at Fuzhou, captured him, and sent him to the capital. Chongqing fell; Commissioner Cao Qi hanged himself; Zhang Wan and Zhang Qiyan surrendered. They pushed on to Hezhou and broke the outer wall. In the third month Wang Li surrendered as well.
53
玨至安西趙老庵，其友謂之曰：“公盡忠一世，以報所事，今至此，縱得不死，亦何以哉？ ”玨乃解弓弦自經廁中，從者焚其骨，以瓦缶葬之死所。
At the Zhao Laonian Hermitage in Anxi, a friend said to Jue, "You have served with perfect loyalty all your life. Even if you are spared now, what would be left for you? Jue unstrung his bow and hanged himself in a latrine. His followers burned his bones and buried them in an earthen jar where he died.
54
趙立者，字德修，重慶人。 第進士，以上書迕賈似道被謫。 德祐初，起為太社令、湖北提刑。 使蜀趣諸將入衛，至重慶則昝萬壽已降，玨方城守為後圖。 立無以復命，還至涪，沉水死。
Zhao Li, whose courtesy name was Dexiu, came from Chongqing. A jinshi, he was exiled after a memorial offended Jia Sidao. At the start of the Deyou era he was restored as Director of the Imperial Altar and judicial intendant of Hubei. Sent to Sichuan to hurry the generals to the emperor's defense, he reached Chongqing to find Zan Wanshou had already surrendered while Jue was still holding the walls for a counterstroke. Unable to report back, Zhao Li returned to Fuzhou and drowned himself.