1
外戚下
Families of Imperial Consorts, Part Three
2
○孟忠厚韋淵錢忱邢煥潘永思吳益 〈（弟蓋）〉 李道鄭興裔楊次山
• Meng Zhonghou • Wei Yuan • Qian Chen • Xing Huan • Pan Yongsi • Wu Yi (younger brother: Gai) Li Dao, Zheng Xingyi, Yang Cishan
3
帝幸揚州，除顯謨閣直學士，台諫交章論列，帝以太后故，難之。 後聞，即命易武秩，遂授常德軍承宣使，幹辦皇城司。 未幾，奉太后幸杭州。 苗傅亂平，趙鼎謂張浚曰：“太后復辟，其功甚大，當推恩外家。 ”浚乃奏忠厚寧遠軍節度使。 尋奉太后幸南昌，歸至越，以母憂解職。
When the Emperor visited Yangzhou, Meng Zhonghou was appointed Direct Academician of the Xianmo Bureau. The censors and remonstrators submitted memorial after memorial opposing the appointment, but because of the Empress Dowager the Emperor found it hard to act. When she heard of it, she at once ordered that he be given a military rank instead, and he was appointed Military Commissioner of Changde Army and Administrator of the Imperial City Bureau. Before long he accompanied the Empress Dowager on her journey to Hangzhou. After the Miao Fu rebellion was put down, Zhao Ding said to Zhang Jun, "The Empress Dowager's restoration was a great achievement. Her maternal kin ought to receive favors." Zhang Jun then memorialized that Zhonghou be appointed Military Commissioner of Ningyuan Army. Soon afterward he escorted the Empress Dowager to Nanchang. On returning to Yue he left office to observe mourning for his mother.
4
頃之，後崩，以祔廟恩，起復鎮潼軍節度使，開府儀同三司。 及後大祥，封信安郡王，充禮儀使，奉太后神禦幸溫州。 紹興九年，判鎮江府，改判明州兼安撫使，改判婺州。 既而帝以太后攢會稽，乃命忠厚判紹興府兼修奉攢宮事，加少保。 三梓宮歸，充迎護使。 及營佑陵，秦檜當為總護使，憚往，乃除忠厚樞密使以代其行。 檜與忠厚僚婿也，然心實忌之。 山陵事畢，忠厚欲歸樞密府，檜諷言路引故事論列，遂判福州。
Before long the Empress Dowager died. By grace for her enshrinement in the ancestral temple he was recalled from mourning as Military Commissioner of Zhentong Army and Commissioner with the same ceremonial standing as the Three Excellencies. When the grand mourning period ended, he was enfeoffed as Prince of Xin'an, appointed Protocol Commissioner, and sent to escort the Empress Dowager's spirit tablet to Wenzhou. In the ninth year of Shaoxing he was assigned to govern Zhenjiang Prefecture, then reassigned to Mingzhou as Pacification Commissioner, and then to Wuzhou. Because the Empress Dowager's temporary tomb was at Kuaiji, the Emperor then ordered Zhonghou to govern Shaoxing Prefecture while overseeing maintenance of the tomb, and promoted him to Junior Guardian. When the three coffins returned, he served as Commissioner for receiving and escorting them. When the You Mausoleum was being built, Qin Hui was to serve as overall supervisor but shrank from going, so Zhonghou was appointed Censor-in-Chief to go in his place. Hui and Zhonghou were connected by marriage, yet Hui truly resented him in his heart. When the mausoleum work was finished, Zhonghou wished to return to the Bureau of Military Affairs. Hui prompted the remonstrators to cite precedent in memorials of criticism, and Zhonghou was assigned to govern Fuzhou.
5
時海寇猖獗，帝憂忠厚不能弭其患，改判建康府，又改判紹興府。 會郊赦加恩，謝表有“本無時才，出為世用”語。 中丞詹大方希檜意，論忠厚表辭輕侮，謂今日不足與有為，遂罷為醴泉觀使。 檜死，召還行在，授保寧軍節度使、判平江府，再改判紹興府，過闕入見，復詔充萬壽觀使，提舉秘書省。 二十七年，卒，贈太保。
Sea bandits were rampant at the time, and the Emperor feared Zhonghou could not quell them, so he reassigned him to Jiankang Prefecture and then again to Shaoxing Prefecture. On the occasion of amnesty at the suburban sacrifice, his memorial of thanks contained the words, "I had no talent for the times, yet was brought forth to serve the world." Vice Censor-in-Chief Zhan Dafang, seeking to please Hui, argued that Zhonghou's memorial language was frivolous and disrespectful and that he was unfit for serious service today. Zhonghou was dismissed to serve as Commissioner of the Liquan Abbey. After Hui died, Zhonghou was recalled to the temporary capital, appointed Military Commissioner of Baoning Army and assigned to Pingjiang Prefecture, then reassigned to Shaoxing Prefecture. On passing through the capital for audience he was again ordered to serve as Commissioner of the Wanshou Abbey and overseer of the Secretariat. In the twenty-seventh year he died and was posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Guardian.
6
忠厚奉昭聖太后訓，避遠權勢，不敢以私幹朝廷。 明受之變，太后垂簾，忠厚乞裁節本家恩澤，如有夤緣，令三省執奏。 御史劾秦檜當國，親姻扳援以進，忠厚獨與之忤。 自越入見，語所善王钅至曰：“忠厚與檜雖有親好，每懷疑心，今欲求一不傷時忌對劄。 ”銍教之，但言乞免提舉學事而已，然亦見廢。 帝以太后擁佑功，故眷忠厚特優。 後在瑤華三十年，恩澤未嚐陳請，詔賜忠厚田三十頃以賞之。 既奉內祠，金使至，特命押班，且令月過局，如宰執例。 及卒，三子皆除直秘閣，親屬六人各進以一官。
Zhonghou followed the teachings of Empress Dowager Zhaosheng, kept his distance from the powerful, and did not dare to advance private interests at court. During the Mingshou Incident, when the Empress Dowager held court from behind the curtain, Zhonghou begged that favors to his own family be curtailed and that if anyone sought undue advantage, the Three Departments should be ordered to memorialize and decide. The censors impeached Qin Hui for dominating the state and advancing relatives and connections by pull; Zhonghou alone stood against him. After coming from Yue to have audience, he told his friend Wang Qin, "Although Zhonghou and Hui are connected by marriage, Hui always harbors suspicion. I now want a memorial that will not offend the taboos of the times." Qin advised him only to ask to be relieved of overseeing academic affairs, but even so he was dismissed. Because the Empress Dowager had supported and protected the Emperor, he favored Zhonghou especially. During the Empress Dowager's thirty years at Yaohua Palace, Zhonghou never once petitioned for favors. An edict granted him thirty qing of farmland in reward. After he took up residence in an inner abbey, when Jin envoys arrived he was specially ordered to stand in the rear guard and to pass through the office monthly like a chief councillor. Upon his death, all three sons were appointed to the Direct Secretariat, and six relatives were each advanced one rank.
7
淵性暴橫，不循法度，帝慮其有過，難於行法，遂遷福建路副總管。 淵引疾丐祠，許之。 淵乃言，自宣和及今，十二年未嚐磨勘，乞遷秩。 吏部言，在法，橫行無以年勞磨勘者，帝遂不許。 久之，落階官，除德慶軍節度使。 召赴行在，除開府儀同三司。 會建康軍帥邊順疾篤，留守呂頤浩奏以淵代，帝不欲以戚裏管軍，不許。 淵陳乞恩數，帝詢太后家故例，賜田五十頃，房緡錢日二十千。 帝久不予淵官，聞太后將入境，乃封平樂郡王，令逆於境上。 既從後歸，即令致仕。 又詔奉朝請，遷少師。 淵在內不得逞，乞致仕，任便居住。 從之。
Yuan was violent and overbearing by nature and did not follow law and regulation. The Emperor feared that if he committed an offense it would be hard to punish him, and therefore transferred him to be Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Fujian Circuit. Yuan cited illness and begged for an abbey appointment, which was granted. Yuan then said that from the Xuanhe era until now, twelve years had passed without a merit review, and begged promotion in rank. The Ministry of Personnel said that by law one whose conduct was overbearing could not receive promotion by seniority, and the Emperor did not grant it. After a long while he was stripped of his rank title and appointed Military Commissioner of Deqing Army. Summoned to the temporary capital, he was appointed Commissioner with the same ceremonial standing as the Three Excellencies. When the commander of the Jiankang army Bing Shun was gravely ill, the regent Lü Yiyao memorialized that Yuan replace him. The Emperor did not wish a maternal relative to command troops and did not grant it. Yuan memorialized begging for additional perquisites. The Emperor inquired into precedents for the empress dowager's family and granted fifty qing of farmland and a daily housing stipend of twenty thousand cash. The Emperor had long withheld office from Yuan. Hearing that the Empress Dowager was about to enter the realm, he enfeoffed him as Prince of Pingle and ordered him to welcome her at the border. After escorting the Empress Dowager back, he was immediately ordered to retire. Another edict ordered him to attend court as a regular, and he was promoted to Junior Preceptor. Yuan could not have his way in the capital and begged to retire, asking to live where he pleased. This was granted.
8
未幾，帝恐其肆橫於外，復詔落致仕，還居賜第。 太后朝景靈宮，淵見後，出言詆毀，詔侍御史餘堯弼即其家鞫治，淵具伏誣罔，責授寧遠軍節度副使、袁州安置。 數年復故職，累遷太保、太傅。 卒，贈太師。 子三人：訊、謙、讜。
Before long the Emperor feared he would run rampant outside and again ordered that his retirement be revoked and that he return to his granted mansion. When the Empress Dowager attended the Jingling Palace, Yuan saw her and then went out speaking slander. An edict ordered Supervising Censor Yu Yaobang to interrogate him at his home. Yuan fully confessed to false and defamatory speech and was demoted to Vice Military Commissioner of Ningyuan Army and assigned to Yuanzhou. After several years his former post was restored, and he was repeatedly promoted to Grand Guardian and Grand Preceptor. He died and was posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Preceptor. He had three sons: Xun, Qian, and Tang.
9
訊，紹興中，官至達州刺史，坐過，用太后旨降武德郎，與嶺外監當。 謙，好學能詩，官至建康軍節度使。
Xun, during the Shaoxing era, rose to prefect of Dazhou. Owing to an offense, by the Empress Dowager's order he was reduced to Military Virtue Gentleman and assigned to supervise affairs in Lingwai. Qian loved learning and could compose poetry; he rose to Military Commissioner of Jiankang Army.
10
謙子璞，淳熙末，仕至太府少卿。 高崇崩，擢司農少卿，為金國告哀使。 金主錫宴，其館使欲用樂，璞不可，自朝至夜漏下三十刻，金人不能奪。 及入見，其閣門令璞吉服入，璞又不可。 日將中，乃以凶服見。 紹熙初，除煥章閣，論者以為非祖宗舊制，遂換授明州觀察使，十年不遷。 寧宗嘉其恬退，授清遠軍節度使，致仕，卒，贈太尉。
Qian's son Pu, in the late Chunxi era, rose to Vice Minister of the Court of the Imperial Treasury. When Emperor Xiaozong died, Pu was promoted to Vice Minister of the Court of the Imperial Granaries and sent as envoy to announce mourning to the Jin state. The Jin ruler gave a banquet. The host embassy commissioner wished to use music, but Pu would not allow it. From morning until the thirty-second watch of the night, the Jin side could not prevail. When he entered audience, the Jin gate command ordered Pu to enter in auspicious dress, and again he would not agree. When the sun was nearly at noon, he was finally allowed audience in mourning dress. In the early Shaoxi era he was appointed to the Huanzhang Bureau. Critics said this was not the ancestral institution, so he was transferred to Observation Commissioner of Mingzhou and received no further promotion for ten years. Emperor Ningzong admired his quiet withdrawal and appointed him Military Commissioner of Qingyuan Army. He retired, died, and was posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Commandant.
11
錢忱，字伯誠，吳越王俶五世孫。 父景臻，尚仁宗第十女秦魯國大長公主，生忱，神宗命賜名，除莊宅副使、騎都尉。
Qian Chen, courtesy name Bocheng, was a fifth-generation descendant of King Qian Chu of Wuyue. His father Jingzhen married the tenth daughter of Emperor Renzong, the Grand Eldest Princess of Qin and Lu. When Chen was born, Emperor Shenzong ordered that he be given a name and appointed him Deputy Commissioner of the Palace Estates and Commandant of Cavalry.
12
帝嚐諭景臻曰：“主賢，宜有子，為擇嘉配。 ”娶唐介孫女，又晁迥外孫。 忱從二家遊，伯父勰在翰苑，因得識一時名卿。
The Emperor once told Jingzhen, "The princess is worthy and ought to have a son. Choose a fine match for her." Chen married the granddaughter of Tang Jie, who was also a granddaughter of Chao Dong on another line. Chen associated with the two families. His uncle Xie was in the Hanlin Academy, and through them he came to know the eminent ministers of the age.
13
哲宗愛之，常使侍左右。 徽宗覃八寶恩，為邕州觀察使，遷武寧軍觀察留後。 喜其靖共，除瀘州節度使。 欽宗加檢校少保，尋納節。 高宗立，復拜檢校少保、瀘川節度使、中太一宮使，禦書“忠孝之家”四字賜之，進開府儀同三司。 紹興十五年，以秦魯主終喪，除少保，封榮國公。 三十年，遷少師，仍舊節，致仕，給真奉。 明年卒，年八十餘，贈太師。 子端禮，自有傳。
Emperor Zhezong favored him and often had him attend at his side. When Emperor Huizong extended the grace of the Eight Treasures, Chen became Observation Commissioner of Yongzhou and was transferred to Surveillance Commissioner of Wuning Army. The court was pleased with his quiet diligence and appointed him Military Commissioner of Luzhou. Emperor Qinzong added him as Junior Guardian by brevet; soon afterward he surrendered his commission. When Emperor Gaozong was enthroned, Chen was again appointed Junior Guardian by brevet, Military Commissioner of Luzhou, and Commissioner of the Central Great One Abbey. The Emperor wrote the four characters "House of Loyalty and Filial Piety" in his own hand as a gift, and Chen was advanced to Commissioner with the same ceremonial standing as the Three Excellencies. In the fifteenth year of Shaoxing, when mourning for the Princess of Qin and Lu ended, he was appointed Junior Guardian and enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Rong. In the thirtieth year he was promoted to Junior Preceptor while retaining his former commission. He retired and was granted full salary in retirement. The next year he died at over eighty and was posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Preceptor. His son Duanli has his own biography.
14
邢煥，字文仲，開封人。 以父任調孟州汜水縣主簿，監在京藥局、平準務、茶場，以勞改宣德郎、莫州司錄。 移知開封府陽武縣，都大提舉開德、大名府堤埽。 曆開封府士、工、儀曹。
Xing Huan, courtesy name Wenzheng, was a native of Kaifeng. Through his father's appointment he was assigned as Registrar of Fanshui County in Mengzhou, supervised the Imperial Pharmacy in the capital, the Equalization Office, and the tea market, and through meritorious service was promoted to Gentleman for Promoting Virtue and Records Clerk of Mo Prefecture. He was transferred to administer Yangwu County in Kaifeng Prefecture and served as Grand Commissioner for dikes and embankments at Kaide and Daming Prefectures. He served in succession in the Court and Rites Sections of Kaifeng Prefecture.
15
遷保靜軍承宣使。 苗、劉之變，煥自度不能爭，乃病免。 兼提舉萬壽觀，求去不已，改江州太平觀，遂徙居忠州。
He was promoted to Military Commissioner of Baojing Army. During the Miao and Liu uprising, Huan saw that he could not contend with them and pleaded illness to resign. He was also appointed Commissioner of the Wanshou Abbey. He begged repeatedly to leave and was reassigned to the Taiping Abbey in Jiangzhou, then moved his residence to Zhongzhou.
16
紹興二年，入對，首陳川、陝形勢利害，請幸荊南，分兵以圖恢復，凡數百言，帝甚嘉之。 復以為都承旨，引疾不拜。 擢慶遠軍節度使、提舉洞霄宮。
In the second year of Shaoxing he had audience and first set forth the strategic advantages and dangers of Chuan and Shanxi, begging that the Emperor visit Jingnan and divide the army to plan recovery. His memorial ran to several hundred words, and the Emperor greatly praised him. He was again appointed Chief Councilor, but citing illness he did not accept. He was promoted to Military Commissioner of Qingyuan Army and Commissioner overseeing the Dongxiao Palace.
17
煥涉學有文，節儉自持，未嚐恃恩私請，識者取焉。 是年，卒，贈開府儀同三司，諡恭簡，加贈少師，追封嘉國公。
Huan was versed in learning and had literary talent. He was frugal and restrained himself and never relied on favor to seek private ends; those who knew him approved. That year he died and was posthumously enfeoffed as Commissioner with the same ceremonial standing as the Three Excellencies, with the posthumous title Gongjian. He was further posthumously enfeoffed as Junior Preceptor, and the title Duke of the State of Jia was conferred in pursuit.
18
潘永思，賢妃叔父也。 妃初進封，詔以梁師成第賜永思。 建炎初，為閣門宣讚舍人、帶禦器械。
Pan Yongsi was the uncle of the Worthy Consort. When the consort was first advanced in enfeoffment, an edict granted Yongsi the residence of Liang Shicheng. In the early Jianyan era he served as Palace Gate Proclaimer and Attendant and Bearer of Imperial Arms.
19
元祐太后在虔，帝遣永思迎歸，權三省、樞密事。 盧益頗與之交結，為諫官吳表臣所論，範宗尹請出永思，帝曰：“未可，姑罷祿以困之，庶知悔過。 ”遂奪職。 既而辛企宗言永思嚐捕魔賊有功，復為帶禦器械。
When Empress Dowager Yuanyou was at Qian, the Emperor sent Yongsi to welcome her back, with temporary authority over the Three Departments and Military Affairs. Lu Yi associated with him rather closely and was criticized by Remonstrator Wu Biaochen. Fan Zongyin begged that Yongsi be sent out. The Emperor said, "Not yet. For now suspend his salary to constrain him, so that he may know repentance." His office was thereupon revoked. Before long Xin Qizong said that Yongsi had once captured demon-bandits with merit, and he was again made Bearer of Imperial Arms.
20
未幾，大理推治偽告，事連永思，帝曰：“永思雖戚裏，既有過，安可廢法！ ”乃罷職就逮。 獄成，追一官。 尋復為閣門宣讚舍人，遷同知閣門事。 永思乞增給飧錢，戶部言其不應格法，乃止。 紹興八年，自右武郎擢右武大夫、知閣門事，尋卒。
Before long the Court of Judicial Review investigated a false accusation case connected with Yongsi. The Emperor said, "Although Yongsi is a maternal relative, since he has committed an offense how can the law be set aside!" His office was dismissed and he was taken into custody. When the case was concluded, one rank was stripped from him. Soon he was again made Palace Gate Proclaimer and Attendant and promoted to Vice Commissioner of the Palace Gate. Yongsi begged for increased meal allowance. The Ministry of Revenue said he did not meet the standard of the law, and the matter stopped. In the eighth year of Shaoxing he was promoted from Right Military Gentleman to Right Military Grandee and made Commissioner of the Palace Gate; soon afterward he died.
21
吳益，字叔謙，蓋字叔平，俱憲聖皇后弟也。 益，建炎末，以恩補官，累遷幹辦禦輦院、帶禦器械。 蓋，紹興五年，以恩補官，累遷宣讚舍人。 帝與後皆喜翰墨，故益、蓋兄弟師法，亦有書名。 後受冊推恩，益加成州團練使，蓋加文州刺史。 帝為置皇后宅大小學教授，以王糸茲為之。 糸茲明經，善訓導，益、蓋折節事之。
Wu Yi, courtesy name Shuqian, and Gai, courtesy name Shuping, were both younger brothers of Empress Dowager Xiansheng. Yi, at the end of the Jianyan era, received office by grace and was repeatedly promoted to Administrator of the Imperial Carriage Bureau and Bearer of Imperial Arms. Gai, in the fifth year of Shaoxing, received office by grace and was repeatedly promoted to Proclaimer and Attendant. The Emperor and Empress both delighted in brushwork, so the brothers Yi and Gai studied the masters and also gained renown in calligraphy. When the Empress received the investiture and favors were extended, Yi was promoted to Regimental Commander of Chengzhou and Gai to Prefect of Wenzhou. The Emperor established professors for the large and small schools of the Empress's residence and appointed Wang Si to the post. Si was versed in the classics and skilled in instruction; Yi and Gai humbled themselves to serve him.
22
益娶秦檜長孫女，又與王繼先交相薦引，故三家姻族皆躐美官。 益曆官至保康軍節度使，加太尉、開府儀同三司。 初，既建節，以檜故，授文資，直秘閣。 檜進徽宗御製，辭免加恩，帝乃特命賜益三品服，累加秘閣修撰，直徽猷閣。 以檜提舉編修寬恤詔令，又加益直寶文閣。 檜死，其子熺復請於帝，又升敷文閣待制。 中丞湯鵬舉言，益以庸瑣之才，恃親昵之勢，乞褫職名，以示至公，帝謂：“鵬舉所論甚切當，然朕於奠檜日，諭檜妻子，許以保全其家，今若遽出其婿則傷恩，臣僚無得更有論列。 ”自是不復遷。 顯仁太后葬，為攢宮總護使，始進少保。 孝宗嗣位，進少傅，又進太師，封太寧郡王。 乾道七年，卒，年四十八，諡莊簡，追封衛王。
Yi married Qin Hui's eldest granddaughter and also exchanged recommendations with Wang Jixian, so the three allied families all leapt to fine offices. Yi rose to Military Commissioner of Baokang Army and was further appointed Grand Commandant and Commissioner with the same ceremonial standing as the Three Excellencies. At first, once he had received a military commission, because of Hui he was given a civil appointment and appointed to the Direct Secretariat. Hui presented compositions in the late Emperor Huizong's own hand and declined added favors. The Emperor thereupon specially ordered that Yi be granted third-rank robes and repeatedly added him as Compiler of the Secretariat Pavilion and Direct Academician of the Huiyou Bureau. Because Hui oversaw compilation and revision of amnesty edicts, Yi was again added as Direct Academician of the Baowen Bureau. When Hui died, his son Xi again petitioned the Emperor, and Yi was further promoted to Attendant Drafter of the Fuwen Bureau. Vice Censor-in-Chief Tang Pengju said that Yi, with mediocre talent, relied on intimate favor and begged that his titles be stripped to show utmost fairness. The Emperor said, "What Pengju has argued is very apt, yet on the day I laid Hui in his coffin I told Hui's wife and children that I would preserve their family. If I now suddenly remove his son-in-law, it would wound kindness. Officials must not again submit such criticisms." From then on he received no further promotion. When Empress Dowager Xianren was buried, he served as overall supervisor of the temporary tomb and was first promoted to Junior Guardian. When Emperor Xiaozong succeeded to the throne, Yi was promoted to Junior Preceptor, then to Grand Preceptor, and enfeoffed as Prince of Taining Commandery. In the seventh year of Qiandao he died at forty-eight. He was given the posthumous title Zhuangjian, and the title Prince of Wei was conferred in pursuit.
23
蓋官至寧武軍節度使，亦累升太尉、開府儀同三司、少保，封新興郡王。 乾道二年，卒，年四十二。 贈太傅，追封鄭王。
Gai rose to Military Commissioner of Ningwu Army and was also repeatedly promoted to Grand Commandant, Commissioner with the same ceremonial standing as the Three Excellencies, and Junior Guardian, and was enfeoffed as Prince of Xinxing Commandery. In the second year of Qiandao he died at forty-two. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Preceptor, and the title Prince of Zheng was conferred in pursuit.
24
益子琚，習吏事，乾道九年，特授添差臨安府通判，其後曆尚書郎、部使者，換資至鎮安軍節度使，復以才選，除知明州兼沿海製置使。 寧宗初，乃得祠，奉朝請。 尋知鄂州，再知慶元府，位至少師，判建康府兼留守，卒。 方孝宗崩，光宗以疾不能執喪，大臣請太后垂簾，冊立寧宗。 琚言於後曰：“垂簾可暫不可久。 ”後遂以翌日徹簾。 琚嚐使金，金人嘉其信義。 琚死後，宋遣使至金議和，屢不合，金人言南使中惟吳琚言為可信。
Yi's son Ju was versed in administrative affairs. In the ninth year of Qiandao he was specially appointed additional Vice Prefect of Lin'an Prefecture. Thereafter he served as a Gentleman of the Secretariat and a circuit envoy, and after changing appointment rose to Military Commissioner of Zhen'an Army. Selected again for talent, he was appointed to govern Mingzhou while also serving as Coastal Pacification Commissioner. In the early Ningzong era he finally received an abbey appointment and attended court as a regular. Soon he governed Ezhou, then again governed Qingyuan Prefecture, rose to Junior Preceptor, was assigned to govern Jiankang Prefecture while also serving as regent, and died. When Emperor Xiaozong died, Emperor Guangzong, owing to illness, could not observe mourning. The chief ministers begged the Empress Dowager to hold court from behind the curtain and invest Ningzong. Ju said to the Empress Dowager, "Holding the curtain may be temporary but cannot be prolonged." The Empress Dowager thereupon withdrew the curtain the next day. Ju once served as envoy to the Jin, and the Jin admired his trustworthiness and integrity. After Ju died, Song sent envoys to the Jin to discuss peace, but they repeatedly failed to agree. The Jin said that among southern envoys only Wu Ju's word was trustworthy.
25
琚弟璹，仕至保靜軍節度使。 蓋子瑰，亦至昭化軍節度使。
Ju's younger brother Yu rose to Military Commissioner of Baojing Army. Gai's son Gui also rose to Military Commissioner of Zhaohua Army.
26
李道，字行之，相州人。 其中女為光宗後。 初，道與兄旺聚眾歸宗澤，澤因事斬旺，命道掌其軍。 澤薨，道引軍依襄陽鎮撫使桑仲，仲以為副都統製兼知隨州，奏於朝，授武義郎、閣門宣讚舍人。 仲為霍明所殺，道與統製李橫率兵縞素圍明於郢，明亡去。
Li Dao, courtesy name Xingzhi, was a native of Xiangzhou. His second daughter became Empress of Emperor Guangzong. At first Dao and his elder brother Wang gathered followers and submitted to Zong Ze. Ze executed Wang on account of an affair and ordered Dao to take command of his army. When Ze died, Dao led his army to attach himself to Xiangyang Pacification Commissioner Sang Zhong. Zhong made him Vice Commander-in-Chief while also administering Suizhou, memorialized the court, and Dao was appointed Military Righteousness Gentleman and Palace Gate Proclaimer and Attendant. Zhong was killed by Huo Ming. Dao and Commander Li Heng led troops in white mourning garb and besieged Ming at Ying, and Ming fled.
27
劉豫遣人持書招道，道不從，執其使以聞，詔嘉獎之。 豫怒，遣將穆楷攻道，道拒破之。 除鄧、隨州鎮撫使兼知鄧州。 時李橫已命別將守鄧，道憚橫，不敢受，遂命仍知隨州。 樞密院以道能察軍情，不受鎮撫之命，理宜褒賞。 詔領榮州團練使，進武義大夫。
Liu Yu sent a man with a letter to recruit Dao. Dao refused, seized the envoy and reported to the court, and an edict praised and rewarded him. Yu was enraged and sent the general Mu Kai to attack Dao. Dao resisted and defeated him. He was appointed Pacification Commissioner of Deng and Suizhou while also administering Dengzhou. At the time Li Heng had already ordered another general to hold Deng. Dao feared Heng and did not dare accept, and was therefore ordered to continue administering Suizhou. The Bureau of Military Affairs held that because Dao could discern military conditions and did not accept the pacification commissioner's order, he ought to be praised and rewarded. An edict appointed him Regimental Commander of Rongzhou and promoted him to Grandee of Military Righteousness.
28
胡安中守唐州，勢孤不能自立，遂附豫。 道招之，安中復來歸。 會李成入寇，鎮撫使李橫棄襄陽去，道亦棄隨南歸，至江州。 詔道屬岳飛為選鋒軍統製，入唐州，擒偽將，除唐、鄧、郢州、襄陽都統製。 從飛收復襄陽等郡，授行營護軍。 累至復州防禦使、果州觀察使。 戍鄂州，加中侍大夫、武勝軍承宣使，又升御前諸軍統製。
Hu Anzhong held Tangzhou. Isolated and unable to stand alone, he submitted to Yu. Dao recruited him, and Anzhong returned to allegiance. When Li Cheng invaded, Pacification Commissioner Li Heng abandoned Xiangyang and left. Dao also abandoned Suizhou and returned south to Jiangzhou. An edict placed Dao under Yue Fei as Commander of the Vanguard Army. He entered Tangzhou, captured a puppet general, and was appointed Overall Commander of Tang, Deng, Ying, and Xiangyang. Following Fei in recovering Xiangyang and other commanderies, he was appointed Protector of the Army of the Mobile Headquarters. He rose in succession to Defender of Fuzhou and Observation Commissioner of Guozhou. While garrisoning Ezhou, he was added Grandee of Attendant Service and Military Commissioner of Wusheng Army, and was further promoted to Commander of the Various Armies Before the Throne.
29
武興蠻楊再興連歲寇掠，道破其眾，擒再興及其二子，遷保寧軍承宣使。 群盜朱持等聚桂陽，詔道移軍衡州經理，道遣高仲等擊平之。 落階官，加龍神衛四廂都指揮使，遷鎮南軍承宣使。
The Wuxing barbarian Yang Zaixing raided year after year. Dao defeated his forces, captured Zaixing and his two sons, and was transferred to Military Commissioner of Baoning Army. The bandit Zhu Chi and others gathered at Guiyang. An edict ordered Dao to move his army to Hengzhou to handle the matter. Dao sent Gao Zhong and others to attack and pacify them. He was stripped of his rank title and added Commander of the Four Wings of the Dragon Spirit Guard, then transferred to Military Commissioner of Zhennan Army.
30
金將渝盟，命道以所部戍荊南府。 帥臣劉錡奏改為御前前軍、右軍，就命道統之。 錡召奏事，道代為御前諸軍都統製。 金將劉士萼屯光化境，道掩擊，焚其舟，萼遂遁去。 尋因大將言道與鄂帥不協，罷。 逾年，起授捧日、天武四廂都指揮使、知荊南府。
When the Jin violated the treaty, Dao was ordered to garrison Jingnan Prefecture with his command. Commander Liu Qi memorialized that the troops be changed to the Forward and Right Armies Before the Throne, and Dao was thereupon ordered to command them. Qi was summoned to memorialize at court, and Dao replaced him as Overall Commander of the Various Armies Before the Throne. The Jin general Liu Shifen encamped on the border of Guanghua. Dao made a surprise attack, burned his boats, and Shifen fled. Soon afterward, because a senior general said that Dao was at odds with the commander at Ezhou, he was dismissed. After more than a year he was recalled and appointed Commander of the Four Wings of the Sun-Bearing and Heavenly Martial Guards and Administrator of Jingnan Prefecture.
31
隆興初，湖北諸司劾其過，帝曰：“道恃戚裏妄作，可罷。 ”久之，再為湖北副總管。 及卒，乃拜慶遠軍節度使，贈太尉，諡忠毅。 後既貴，進封楚王。 孫孝友、孝純，皆至節度使。
In the early Longxing era the various offices of Hubei impeached him for offenses. The Emperor said, "Dao, relying on his maternal kinship, acts recklessly. He may be dismissed." After a long while he again served as Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Hubei. When he died, he was posthumously appointed Military Commissioner of Qingyuan Army, enfeoffed as Grand Commandant, and given the posthumous title Zhongyi. Later, once he had become eminent, he was advanced and enfeoffed as Prince of Chu. His grandsons Xiaoyou and Xiaochun both rose to military commissioners.
32
鄭興裔，字光錫，初名興宗，顯肅皇后外家三世孫也。 曾祖紳，封樂平郡王。 祖翼之，陸海軍節度使。 父蕃，和州防禦使。 興裔早孤，叔父藻以子字之，分以餘貲，興裔不受，請立義莊贍宗族。 及藻沒，遂解官致追報之義。 初以後恩授成忠郎，充幹辦祗候庫。 聖獻後葬，充攢宮內外巡檢，累至江東路鈐轄。
Zheng Xingyi, courtesy name Guangxi, original name Xingzong, was the third-generation descendant of the maternal family of Empress Xiansu. His great-grandfather Shen was enfeoffed as Prince of Leping Commandery. His grandfather Yizhi was Military Commissioner of the Army and Navy. His father Fan was Defender of Hezhou. Xingyi was orphaned early. His uncle Zao treated him as a son and offered him surplus wealth, but Xingyi would not accept it and begged to establish a charity estate to support the clan. When Zao died, he resigned office to fulfill the obligation of repaying his uncle's kindness. At first, by grace through the empress, he was appointed Loyalty Gentleman and served as Administrator of the Reception Storehouse. When Empress Shengxian was buried, he served as inspector inside and outside the temporary tomb and rose in succession to Controller of the Jiangdong Circuit.
33
乾道初，建康留司請治行宮備巡幸，興裔奏勞人費財，乞罷其役，且言都統及馬軍帥皆非其人。 徒福建路兵馬鈐轄，過闕入見，詢以守令臧否，興裔條析以對。 帝曰：“卿識時務，習吏事，行當用卿。 ”會復置武臣提刑，就命為之，加遙領高州刺史。 郡縣積玩，檢驗法廢，興裔創為格目，分畀屬縣，吏不得行其奸，因著為令。
In the early Qiandao era the Jiankang garrison headquarters begged to repair the traveling palace in preparation for an imperial tour. Xingyi memorialized that it would weary the people and waste resources, begged to halt the project, and said that neither the commander-in-chief nor the cavalry commander were the right men. He was transferred to Controller of Troops and Horses of the Fujian Circuit. On passing through the capital for audience he was asked about the merits and faults of prefects and magistrates, and Xingyi analyzed them item by item in reply. The Emperor said, "You understand the needs of the times and are versed in administrative affairs. Before long I shall employ you." When the military judicial commissioner post was restored, he was appointed to it on the spot and added as titular Prefect of Gaozhou. Prefectures and counties had long been lax and the inspection law had fallen into disuse. Xingyi created standardized forms, distributed them to subordinate counties so that clerks could not carry out their fraud, and codified the practice as a statute.
34
建、劍、汀、邵鹽策屢更，漕臣請易綱運為鈔法，興裔極言其不可。 海寇倏去忽來，調兵常無及，興裔請置澳長，寇至徑率民兵禦之。 又言禁兵事藝不精，多充私役，乞行禁止，尉以捕盜改秩，多偽，當加審實。 帝善其數論事，詔加成州團練使。
The salt policies of Jian, Jian, Ting, and Shao were repeatedly changed. The transport commissioner begged to change convoy transport to the certificate method, and Xingyi strongly argued that this could not be done. Sea bandits came and went suddenly, and mobilizing troops often could not arrive in time. Xingyi begged to appoint bay chiefs so that when bandits arrived they could directly lead local militia to resist. He also said that forbidden troops' military skills were not refined and many served in private employ, and begged that this be prohibited. County captains who captured bandits received rank advancement, but many cases were false and ought to be more carefully verified. The Emperor approved his repeated discussion of affairs and ordered that he be added Regimental Commander of Chengzhou.
35
時傳聞金欲敗盟，召興裔為賀生辰副使以覘之，使還，言無他，卒如所料。 累差浙東、浙西、江東提刑，請祠以歸。 尋詔知閣門事兼幹辦皇城司，又兼樞密副都承旨。 軍婦楊殺鄰舍兒，取其臂釧而棄其屍，獄成，刑部以無證左，出之。 命興裔覆治得實，帝喜，賜居第。 丁母憂去官，服闋，復故職，除均州防禦使。
At the time it was rumored that the Jin wished to break the treaty. Xingyi was summoned as deputy envoy to congratulate the Jin ruler's birthday in order to observe them. When he returned he said there was nothing else, and in the end it was as he had judged. He was repeatedly assigned as judicial commissioner of Zhedong, Zhexi, and Jiangdong, and begged for an abbey appointment to return home. Soon an edict appointed him Commissioner of the Palace Gate while also serving as Administrator of the Imperial City Bureau, and again as Deputy Chief Councilor of the Bureau of Military Affairs. The army wife Yang killed a neighbor's child, took his arm bracelet, and abandoned the corpse. When the case was concluded, the Ministry of Justice, finding no corroborating evidence, released her. Xingyi was ordered to reinvestigate and established the truth. The Emperor was pleased and granted him a residence. He left office on mourning for his mother. When the mourning period ended he resumed his former post and was appointed Defender of Junzhou.
36
再使金，還，遷潭州觀察使。 復請祠，起知廬州，移知揚州。 揚與廬為鄰。 初，興裔在廬嚐卻鄰道互送禮，至是按郡籍，見前所卻者有出無歸，遂奏嚴其禁，揚有重屯，糧乏，例糴他境，興裔搜括滲漏以補之，食遂足。 民舊皆茅舍，易焚，興裔貸之錢，命易以瓦，自是火患乃息。 又奏免其償，民甚德之。 修學宮，立義塚，定部轄民兵升差法，郡以大治。 楚州議改築城，有謂韓世忠遺基不可易者，命興裔往視，既至，闕地丈餘增築之。 帝閱奏，喜曰：“興裔不吾欺也。”
He again served as envoy to the Jin. On returning he was transferred to Observation Commissioner of Tanzhou. He again begged for an abbey appointment, was recalled to administer Luzhou, and was transferred to administer Yangzhou. Yang and Lu were neighboring prefectures. At first, when Xingyi was in Lu he had once refused mutual gift-sending between neighboring circuits. On arriving at Yang he checked the prefectural register and saw that what had previously been refused had gone out without return, and memorialized to tighten the prohibition. Yang had a large garrison but grain was scarce and normally bought grain from other jurisdictions. Xingyi searched out leaks and seepage to make up the shortfall, and provisions were then sufficient. The people had formerly all lived in thatched huts, which burned easily. Xingyi lent them money and ordered that they be changed to tile, and from then on the fire hazard ceased. He again memorialized to exempt them from repayment, and the people greatly esteemed him. He repaired the school palace, established a charity burial ground, and fixed the method for promoting local militia under departmental jurisdiction, and the prefecture was greatly well governed. Chuzhou debated rebuilding the walls; some said that Han Shizhong's surviving foundation could not be changed. Xingyi was ordered to go inspect. On arriving he left a space of more than a zhang and added new construction. The Emperor reviewed the memorial and said with pleasure, "Xingyi has not deceived me."
37
紹熙元年，遷保靜軍承宣使，召領內祠，充明堂大禮都大主管大內公事。 寧宗即位，除知明州兼沿海製置使。 告老，授武泰軍節度使。 卒，年七十四，贈太尉，諡忠肅。
In the first year of Shaoxi he was transferred to Military Commissioner of Baojing Army, summoned to head an inner abbey, and appointed Grand Supervisor of Inner Palace Affairs for the Bright Hall grand ceremony. When Emperor Ningzong was enthroned, he was appointed to govern Mingzhou while also serving as Coastal Pacification Commissioner. He reported old age and was appointed Military Commissioner of Wutai Army. He died at seventy-four, was posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Commandant, and given the posthumous title Zhongsu.
38
興裔曆事四朝，以材名結主知，中興外族之賢，未有其比。 子三人：挺，以橫行團練使曆淮、襄兩道帥。 損，登進士甲科，與抗皆有位於朝。
Xingyi served four reigns and won the sovereign's trust by reputation for talent. Among the worthy of the maternal kin in the Restoration, there has been none to compare with him. He had three sons. Ting, as regimental commander for overbearing conduct, served in succession as commander on the Huai and Xiang circuits. Sun passed the jinshi examination in the first class; he and Kang both held office at court.
39
楊次山，字仲甫，恭聖仁烈皇后兄也，其先開封人。 曾祖全，以材武奮，靖康末，捍京城死事。 祖漸，以遺澤補官，仕東南，家於越之上虞。
Yang Cishan, courtesy name Zhongfu, was the elder brother of Empress Gongsheng Renlie. His ancestors were from Kaifeng. His great-grandfather Quan distinguished himself through talent and martial prowess. At the end of the Jingkang era he died defending the capital. His grandfather Jian received office by inherited grace, served in the southeast, and established his family at Shangyu in Yue.
40
次山儀狀魁偉，少好學能文，補右學生。 後受職宮中，次山遂沾恩得官，積階至武德郎。 後為貴妃，累遷帶禦器械、知閣門事。 丐祠，除吉州刺史，提舉佑神觀。 後受冊，除福州觀察使，尋拜岳陽軍節度使。 後謁家廟，加太尉。 韓侂胄誅，加開府儀同三司。 尋進少保，封永陽郡王。 南郊恩加少傅，充萬壽觀使。 致仕，加太保，授安德軍、昭慶軍節度使，改封會稽郡王。
Cishan was imposing in bearing and stature. In youth he loved learning and could write, and was appointed a student of the Right Academy. Later, when his sister received office in the palace, Cishan received favor and obtained office, rising in rank to Military Virtue Gentleman. Later she became Honored Consort, and he was repeatedly promoted to Bearer of Imperial Arms and Commissioner of the Palace Gate. He begged for an abbey appointment and was appointed Prefect of Jizhou and Commissioner overseeing the Youshen Abbey. When she received the investiture, he was appointed Observation Commissioner of Fuzhou and soon enfeoffed as Military Commissioner of Yueyang Army. When the Empress visited the family temple, he was promoted to Grand Commandant. When Han Tuozhou was executed, Cishan was added Commissioner with the same ceremonial standing as the Three Excellencies. Soon he was promoted to Junior Guardian and enfeoffed as Prince of Yongyang Commandery. By grace at the southern suburban sacrifice he was added Junior Preceptor and appointed Commissioner of the Wanshou Abbey. He retired and was added Grand Guardian, appointed Military Commissioner of Ande and Zhaqing Armies, and his enfeoffment was changed to Prince of Kuaiji Commandery.
41
次山能避權勢，不預國事，時論賢之。 嘉定十二年，卒，年八十一，贈太師，追封冀王。 子二人。 穀，至太傅、保寧軍節度使，充萬壽觀使、永寧郡王。
Cishan kept his distance from the powerful and did not participate in state affairs, and contemporary opinion deemed him worthy. In the twelfth year of Jiading he died at eighty-one. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Preceptor, and the title Prince of Ji was conferred in pursuit. He had two sons. Gu rose to Grand Preceptor and Military Commissioner of Baoning Army, served as Commissioner of the Wanshou Abbey, and was enfeoffed as Prince of Yongning Commandery.
42
石，字介之，乾道間入武學，以恭聖仁烈後貴，賜第。 慶元中，補承信郎，差充閣門看班祗候，尋帶禦器械。 嘉泰四年，充賀正旦接伴使。 時金使頗驕倨，自矜其善射，石從容起，挽弦三發三中的，金使氣沮。 嘉定改元，除揚州觀察使、知閣門事，進保寧承宣使。 久之，授保寧節度使，提舉萬壽觀，奉朝請，進封信安郡侯。 十五年，以檢校少保進封開國公。
Shi, courtesy name Jiezhi, entered the Military Academy during the Qiandao era. Because Empress Gongsheng Renlie had become eminent, he was granted a mansion. During the Qingyuan era he was appointed Trust Gentleman, assigned as Palace Gate Attendant on duty watch, and soon made Bearer of Imperial Arms. In the fourth year of Jiatai he served as reception envoy for congratulating the New Year's Day. At the time the Jin envoy was arrogant and haughty, boasting of his skill in archery. Shi rose calmly, drew the bow three times and hit the mark three times, and the Jin envoy's spirit was crushed. When the Jiading era began, he was appointed Observation Commissioner of Yangzhou and Commissioner of the Palace Gate, and promoted to Military Commissioner of Baoning Army. After a long while he was appointed Military Commissioner of Baoning Army, Commissioner overseeing the Wanshou Abbey, and attended court as a regular. He was advanced and enfeoffed as Marquis of Xin'an Commandery. In the fifteenth year, by brevet as Junior Guardian he was advanced and enfeoffed as Duke of the State.
43
寧宗崩，宰相史彌遠謀廢皇子竑而立成國公昀，命石與穀白後，後不可，曰：“皇子，先帝所立，豈敢擅變。 ”穀、石凡一夜七往反以告，後終不聽。 穀等拜泣曰：“內外軍民皆已歸心，苟不從，禍變必生，則楊氏且無噍類矣！ ”後默然良久，曰：“其人安在？ ”彌遠等召昀入，遂矯詔廢竑為濟王，立昀，是為理宗。 授開府儀同三司，充萬壽觀使。
When Emperor Ningzong died, Chief Councillor Shi Miyuan plotted to depose Prince Hong and establish Duke of Chengguo Yun. He ordered Shi and Gu to inform the Empress Dowager. She would not agree and said, "The prince was established by the late Emperor. How dare we change this on our own authority?" Gu and Shi went back and forth seven times in one night to report, but the Empress Dowager in the end would not listen. Gu and the others bowed and wept, saying, "Inside and outside, soldiers and civilians have all given their hearts. If we do not follow, calamity and upheaval will surely arise, and then the Yang clan will have none left alive!" The Empress Dowager was silent for a long while and said, "Where is this man? Miyuan and the others summoned Yun in and forged an edict deposing Hong as Prince of Ji and establishing Yun. This was Emperor Lizong. He was appointed Commissioner with the same ceremonial standing as the Three Excellencies and Commissioner of the Wanshou Abbey.
44
時寶慶垂簾，人多言本朝世有母後之聖。 石獨曰：“事豈容概言？ 昔仁宗、英宗、哲宗嗣位，或尚在幼衝，或素由撫育，軍國重事有所未諳，則母後臨朝，宜也。 今主上熟知民事，天下悅服，雖聖孝天通，然不早復政，得無基小人離間之嫌乎？ ”乃密疏章獻、慈聖、宣仁所以臨朝之由，遠及漢、唐母後臨朝稱製得失上之，後覽奏，即命擇日徹簾。 進石少保，封永寧郡王。 以壽明慈睿仁福三冊太后寶，進至太傅。
At the time, during Baoqing, the Empress Dowager held court from behind the curtain, and many people said that the dynasty had had sagely empresses dowager generation after generation. Shi alone said, "How can such matters be spoken of in general terms?" In the past, when Renzong, Yingzong, and Zhezong succeeded to the throne, some were still in infancy and some had long been raised by the empress dowager. If they were not yet versed in important military and state affairs, then for the empress dowager to hold court was fitting. Today the sovereign is well versed in civilian affairs and all under Heaven is pleased and submissive. Although his sagely filial piety reaches Heaven, if he does not soon restore government to himself, might there not be suspicion that petty men are sowing division? He then submitted a secret memorial on the reasons Zhangxian, Cisheng, and Xuanren had held court, extending far back to the gains and losses when Han and Tang empresses dowager held court and assumed regency. When the Empress Dowager read the memorial she immediately ordered a day chosen to withdraw the curtain. Shi was promoted to Junior Guardian and enfeoffed as Prince of Yongning Commandery. Because of the three investiture seals of Empress Dowager Shouming Cirui Renfu, he was advanced to Grand Preceptor.
45
石性恬淡，每拜爵命必力辭。 恭聖祔廟，除太師。 兄穀疑於辭受，石力言曰：“吾家非有元勳盛德，徒以恭聖故致貴顯，曩吾父不居是官，吾兄弟今偃然受之，是將自速顛覆耳。 矧恭聖抑遠族屬，意慮深遠，言猶在耳，何可遽忘？ ”乃合疏懇辭，至再三，不受。 及屬疾，除彰德、集慶節度使，進封魏郡王。 卒，年七十一，贈太師。
Shi was tranquil by nature and whenever enfeoffment or appointment was conferred he always strove to decline. When Gongsheng was enshrined in the ancestral temple, Shi was appointed Grand Preceptor. His elder brother Gu hesitated over accepting or declining. Shi spoke forcefully, "Our family has no founding merit or great virtue. We have become eminent only because of Gongsheng. Formerly our father did not hold this office. If we brothers now accept it complacently, we will hasten our own downfall." Moreover, Gongsheng restrained distant kin. Her thoughts were far-reaching and her words are still in our ears. How can we suddenly forget them? They then jointly submitted a memorial earnestly declining, again and again, and did not accept. When he fell ill, he was appointed Military Commissioner of Zhangde and Jiqing Armies and advanced and enfeoffed as Prince of Wei Commandery. He died at seventy-one and was posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Preceptor.