1
世家二○西蜀孟氏
Hereditary Houses 2 — The Meng Clan of Western Shu
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西蜀孟昶，初名仁讚，及僭位改焉。 其先邢州龍岡人。 父知祥，事後唐武皇，武皇以弟之子妻之，是為瓊華長公主。 同光初，知祥為太原尹、知留守事。 三年，平蜀。 四年，以知祥為劍南西川節度副大使、知節度事。 明宗即位，命知祥討平東川，知祥自領兩川節度，明宗即以授之。 長興四年，封蜀王，許行墨製。 五年，閔帝立，乃稱帝於蜀，改元明德，時清泰元年也。 事具《五代史》。 昶母李氏，本莊宗嬪禦，以賜知祥，天祐十六年己卯十一月，生昶於太原。 初，知祥鎮西川，不及以族行。 天成元年，奏遣衙校迎家太原，明宗因令部送長公主及昶與所生母至蜀。 公主以長興三年卒。
Meng Chang of Western Shu was originally named Renzan; he adopted the present name when he took the throne. His family came from Longgang in Xingzhou. His father Meng Zhixiang served Emperor Wu of Later Tang, who gave him a bride from his younger brother's household; she became Princess Qionghua the Elder. Early in the Tongguang reign, Zhixiang served as mayor of Taiyuan and acting regent of the capital. In the third year, Shu was pacified. The next year he was made deputy military commissioner of Jiannan West Circuit with authority over military affairs. After Emperor Mingzong came to the throne, he ordered Zhixiang to subdue East River Circuit; Zhixiang then took command of both river circuits, and the emperor ratified the arrangement. In the fourth year of Changxing he was created King of Shu and allowed to issue edicts under his own seal. In the fifth year, after Emperor Min acceded, he declared himself emperor in Shu and adopted the era name Mingde, which corresponded to the first year of Qingtai. The full account is given in the History of the Five Dynasties. Chang's mother, Lady Li, had been a consort of Emperor Zhuangzong before she was given to Zhixiang; Chang was born at Taiyuan in the eleventh month of 919. When Zhixiang first took up his post in West River Circuit, he had been unable to move his family west with him. In the first year of Tiancheng he petitioned to send a staff officer to fetch his household from Taiyuan; Emperor Mingzong then had the Elder Princess, Chang, and his birth mother escorted to Shu. The princess died in the third year of Changxing.
3
知祥初署昶西川節度行軍司馬，僭號，以昶為檢校太保、同平章事、崇聖宮使、東川節度。 知祥疾，立為皇太子，權監軍國。 明德元年七月，知祥卒，昶襲位，年始十六，止稱明德年號，委政於趙季良、張知業、李仁罕等。 二年，尊其母李氏為皇太后。 四年，改元廣政。 後以事誅仁罕、知業，乃親政事。 十三年，加號睿文英武仁聖明孝皇帝。
Zhixiang first named Chang acting campaign marshal of the West River commission; when he took the throne he made Chang honorary grand guardian, chief councilor, commissioner of the Chong Sheng Palace, and military governor of East River Circuit. When Zhixiang fell ill, Chang was named crown prince and given charge of state and military affairs. In the seventh month of the first year of Mingde, Zhixiang died and Chang succeeded him at sixteen; he retained only the Mingde era name and left government to Zhao Jiliang, Zhang Zhiye, Li Renhan, and others. In the second year he honored his mother, Lady Li, as empress dowager. In the fourth year he changed the era name to Guangzheng. Later he had Renhan and Zhiye executed over a political dispute and then took government into his own hands. In the thirteenth year he took the fuller title Emperor Ruiwen Yingwu Rensheng Mingxiao.
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晉末，秦州節度使何建、鳳州防禦使石奉頵俱以城降昶。 時契丹亂華，漢祖起並門，中土蝗旱連歲，昶益自大，開貢部，行郊祀禮，自此君臣奢縱。 及周世宗克秦、鳳，昶始懼，放還先所獲濮州刺史胡立，致書世宗，稱大蜀皇帝，且言家世邢台，願敦鄉里之分。 世宗怒其無禮，不答。 昶愈不自安，乃於劍門、夔、峽多積芻粟，增置師旅。 用度不足，遂鑄鐵錢。 禁境內鐵，凡器用須鐵為之者，置場鬻之，以專其利。
Late in the Jin period, Qinzhou military commissioner He Jian and Fengzhou defense commissioner Shi Fengyun both surrendered their cities to Chang. The Khitans were then ravaging the north, the founder of Han rose at Taiyuan, and the heartland suffered locusts and drought for years on end; Chang grew ever bolder, opened a tribute office, and performed suburban sacrifices, and from that time court and ministers gave themselves over to luxury. When Emperor Shizong of Later Zhou took Qin and Feng, Chang at last grew afraid; he released the Pu prefect Hu Li, whom he had earlier captured, and wrote to Shizong as Emperor of Great Shu, saying his family came from Xingtai and asking to renew their ties as fellow townsfolk. Shizong was angered by the discourtesy and made no reply. Chang grew still more uneasy and stockpiled fodder and grain at Jianmen, Kui, and Xia while expanding his armies. When revenue fell short, he began casting iron coin. He banned private iron within his borders and required all iron goods to be sold at government depots, monopolizing the profit for himself.
5
立其子玄喆為太子，用王昭遠、伊審征、韓保正、趙崇韜等分掌機要，總內外兵柄。 母李氏謂昶曰：“吾嚐見莊宗跨河與梁軍戰，又見爾父在并州捍契丹及入蜀定兩川，當時主兵者非有功不授，故士卒畏服。 如昭遠者，出於微賤，但自爾就學之年，給事左右； 又保正等皆世祿之子，素不知兵，一旦邊疆警急，此輩有何智略以禦敵？ 高彥儔是爾父故人，秉心忠實，多所經練，此可委任。 ”昶不能遵用其言。
He named his son Xuanzhe crown prince and put Wang Zhaoyuan, Yi Shenzheng, Han Baozheng, Zhao Chongtao, and others in charge of state affairs and all military power, civil and military alike. His mother, Lady Li, told Chang: "I once saw Emperor Zhuangzong cross the Yellow River to fight the Liang armies, and I saw your father at Taiyuan hold off the Khitans and then enter Shu to secure both river circuits; in those days only men with real merit received command, and the troops obeyed them out of respect. Men like Zhaoyuan came up from nothing and have done nothing but wait on you since you were a schoolboy; and Baozheng and the rest are sons of court families who have never known war—if the frontier suddenly catches fire, what strategy do such men have to meet the enemy?" Gao Yanchou is an old companion of your father's, loyal at heart and seasoned in affairs—he is the man you should trust. Chang could not bring himself to follow her advice.
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及太祖下荊、楚，昶欲遣使朝貢，昭遠等固止之。 太祖詔蜀之邸吏、將卒先在江陵者並放還，仍給賜錢帛以遣。 乾德二年，昶遣孫遇、楊蠲、趙彥韜為諜至京師。 彥韜潛取昶與并州劉鈞蠟丸帛書以告，其書云：“早歲曾奉尺書，遠達睿聽。 丹素備陳於翰墨，歡盟已保於金蘭。 洎傳吊伐之嘉音，實動輔車之喜色。 尋於褒、漢，添駐師徒，隻待靈旗之濟河，便遣前鋒而出境。 ”先是，太祖已有西伐意而未發，及覽書，喜曰：“吾用師有名矣。 ”即命忠武軍節度王全斌充鳳州路行營前軍兵馬都部署，武信軍節度、侍衛步軍都指揮使崔彥進充副都部署，樞密副使王仁贍充都監，龍捷右廂都指揮使史延德充馬軍都指揮使，虎捷右廂都指揮使張萬友充步軍都指揮使，隴州防禦使張凝充先鋒都指揮使，左神武大將軍王繼濤充濠砦使，內染院使康延澤充馬軍都監，翰林副使張煦充步軍都監，供奉官田仁朗充濠砦都監，殿直鄭粲充先鋒都監，步軍都軍頭向韜充先鋒都軍頭，寧江軍節度、侍衛馬步軍都指揮使劉廷讓充歸州路行營前軍兵馬副都部署，內客省使、樞密承旨曹彬充都監，客省使武懷節充戰棹部署，龍捷左廂都指揮使李進卿充步軍都指揮使，前階州刺史高彥暉充先鋒都指揮使，右衛將軍白廷誨充濠砦使，禦廚副使朱光緒充馬軍都監，儀鸞副使折彥贇充步軍都監，八作副使王令岩充先鋒都監，供奉官郝守濬充濠砦都監，馬步軍都軍頭楊光美充戰棹左右廂都指揮使，供奉官藥守節充戰棹左廂都監，殿直劉漢卿充戰棹右廂都監，率禁兵三萬人、諸州兵二萬人分路討之。 詔令孫遇等指畫江山曲折之狀，及兵砦戍守之處道裏遠近，俾畫工圖之，以授全斌等。 因謂曰：“西川可取否？ ”全斌等對曰：“臣等仗天威，遵廟算，刻日可定。 ”龍捷右廂都校史延德前奏曰：“西川一方，倘在天上，人不能到，固無可奈何。 若在地上，以今之兵力，到即平矣。 ”上壯其言，謂之曰：“汝等果敢如此，我何憂乎！ ”又謂全斌等曰：“凡克城砦，止籍其器甲芻糧，悉艱錢帛分給戰士。”
When the Founding Emperor conquered Jing and Chu, Chang wished to send tribute envoys, but Zhaoyuan and the others firmly dissuaded him. The Founding Emperor ordered all Shu lodge clerks and troops then at Jiangling released and sent home with gifts of money and silk. In the second year of Qiande, Chang sent Sun Yu, Yang Juan, and Zhao Yantao to the capital as spies. Yantao secretly seized a wax-sealed letter on silk from Chang to Liu Jun of Bingzhou and turned it in; it read: "In earlier years I once sent a letter that reached your sage hearing from afar. My loyal intent was fully set forth in writing, and our bond of friendship was secured like gold and orchid. When word came of the gracious tidings of punitive expedition, it truly stirred the joy of allied states. Soon afterward I added troops at Bao and Han, waiting only for the sacred banners to cross the river before sending the vanguard beyond the border." The Founding Emperor had already intended a western campaign but had not yet launched it; when he read the letter he said with pleasure: "Now I have a righteous name for taking up arms. He then appointed Wang Quanbin, military commissioner of the Zhongwu Army, overall commander of the Fengzhou route forward army; Cui Yanjin, military commissioner of the Wuxin Army and commander of the palace infantry, as his deputy; Wang Renzan, deputy privy councilor, as army inspector; Shi Yande, commander of the Dragon Swift Right Wing, as cavalry commander; Zhang Wanyou, commander of the Tiger Swift Right Wing, as infantry commander; Zhang Ning, defense commissioner of Longzhou, as vanguard commander; Wang Jitao, grand general of the Left Divine Martial Army, as siege commissioner; Kang Yanze of the Inner Dyeing Bureau as cavalry inspector; Zhang Xu, Hanlin deputy academician, as infantry inspector; and a full roster of subordinate commanders and inspectors for the Guizhou route under Liu Tingrang and Cao Bin, with Wu Huaijie commanding the fleet and Yang Guangmei commanding both fleet wings—then sent them against Shu in separate columns with thirty thousand palace troops and twenty thousand circuit troops. He ordered Sun Yu and the others to trace the winding course of rivers and mountains and the distances to fortified posts and garrisons, had painters draw maps, and gave them to Quanbin and his commanders. He then asked them: "Can West River Circuit be taken? " Quanbin and the others replied: "Your subjects rely on Heaven's majesty and follow the court's plan; it can be settled within days. " Shi Yande, commander of the Dragon Swift Right Wing, stepped forward and said: "If West River Circuit were in the sky, where men could not reach it, nothing could be done. But if it is on earth, with the forces we have now, wherever we arrive we shall pacify it at once. " The emperor was heartened by his words and said to them: "If you are this bold and resolute, what have I to fear! " He also told Quanbin and the others: "Whenever you take a city or fort, register only its weapons, armor, fodder, and grain, and distribute all the money and silks among the fighting men.
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及兵至，昶遣王昭遠、趙崇韜、韓保正、李進等來拒戰。 昭遠等相繼就擒，昶大懼，出金帛募兵，令其子玄喆統之，李廷珪、張惠安為其副，以守劍門。 玄喆素不習武，廷珪、惠安皆庸懦無識。 玄喆離成都，但攜姬妾、樂器及伶人數十輩，晨夜嬉戲，不恤軍政。 至綿州，聞宋師已破劍門，遂遁歸東川，所過焚廬舍倉稟而去。 昶益惶駭，問計於左右。 有老將石斌，對以宋師遠來，勢不能久，請聚兵固守以老之。 昶曰：“吾父子以豐衣美食養士四十年，及遇敵，不能為我東向發一矢。 今若固壘，何人為我效命？”
When the armies arrived, Chang sent Wang Zhaoyuan, Zhao Chongtao, Han Baozheng, Li Jin, and others to oppose them. Zhaoyuan and the others were captured one after another; Chang was greatly afraid, offered gold and silks to recruit troops, and put his son Xuanzhe in overall command with Li Tinggui and Zhang Huian as deputies to hold Jianmen. Xuanzhe had never practiced warfare; Tinggui and Huian were both mediocre, timid, and without judgment. When Xuanzhe left Chengdu he took only concubines, musical instruments, and several dozen entertainers, sporting day and night without regard for military affairs. When he reached Mianzhou and heard that Song forces had already broken through Jianmen, he fled back to East River Circuit, burning houses and granaries along the way as he went. Chang grew still more terrified and asked his attendants for counsel. An old general named Shi Bin replied that the Song armies had come from afar and could not remain long, and asked to gather troops, hold fast, and wear them down. Chang said: "For forty years my father and I have clothed and fed our troops in comfort; yet when the enemy comes they will not loose a single arrow eastward for me. If we now hold the forts, who will die for me?
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三年正月，昶遣其通奏伊審征齎表詣全斌請降，且言：“中外骨肉二百餘人，有親年幾七十，願終甘旨之養，免賜睽離之責，則祖宗血食庶獲少延。 ”末援劉禪、陳叔寶故事以請封號。 全斌等既受其降，遣馬軍都監康延澤先以百騎入城見昶，諭以恩信，留三日，盡封府庫而還。
In the first month of the third year, Chang sent his memorial courier Yi Shenzheng with a petition to Quanbin to surrender, saying: "Within and without my clan are more than two hundred kin; some elders are nearly seventy, and I wish them to end their days in comfort and avoid the punishment of separation, so that our ancestral sacrifices may yet continue a little longer. " At the end he cited the precedents of Liu Shan and Chen Shubao to request an enfeoffment. After Quanbin and the others accepted his surrender, they sent cavalry inspector Kang Yanze ahead with a hundred horsemen into the city to see Chang, reassure him of imperial favor, and after three days seal all treasuries and withdraw.
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昶又遣其弟仁贄詣闕上表言：
Chang also sent his younger brother Renzhi to the court with a memorial stating:
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先臣受命唐室，建牙蜀川，因時事之變更，為人心之擁迫。 先臣即世，臣方丱年，猥以童昏，繆承餘緒。 乖以小事大之禮，闕稱藩奉國之誠，染習偷安，因循積歲。 所以上煩宸算，遠發王師，勢甚疾雷，功如破竹。 顧惟懦卒，焉敢當鋒？ 尋束手以雲歸，止傾心而俟命。
My late father received his commission from the Tang house and raised his standard in Shu, compelled by the changes of the times and the pressure of popular sentiment. When my late father passed away I was still a child in topknots; in my youthful folly I wrongly inherited what he left. I failed the propriety of a small state serving a great one and lacked the sincerity of a vassal honoring the realm, growing accustomed to ease and dragging on year after year. Therefore I troubled the imperial mind and drew royal armies from afar; their momentum was like sudden thunder, their achievement like splitting bamboo. Considering only my feeble troops, how could I dare meet the spearpoints? Soon I bound my hands and came like clouds returning; I could only incline my heart and await your command.
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今月七日，已令私署通奏使、宣徽南院使伊審征奉表歸降，以緣路寇攘，前進不得。 臣尋更令兵士援送，至十一日，尚恐前表未達，續遣供奉官王茂隆再齎前表。 至十二日以後，相次方到軍前，必料血誠，上達睿聽。 臣今月十九日，已領親男諸弟，納降禮於軍門，至於老母諸孫，延餘喘於私第。
On the seventh of this month I had my private memorial courier, Southern Court commissioner of the Xuanhui Bureau Yi Shenzheng, present a petition of surrender; because bandits troubled the route he could not advance. I then ordered soldiers to escort him forward; by the eleventh, still fearing the earlier petition had not arrived, I sent palace attendant Wang Maolong again with the former petition. From the twelfth onward they reached the army one after another; I trust my loyal sincerity has reached your sage hearing. On the nineteenth of this month I have already led my sons and younger brothers to perform the rites of surrender at the army gate; as for my aged mother and grandsons, they linger on in our private residence.
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陛下至仁廣覆，大德好生，顧臣假息於數年，所望全軀於此日。 今蒙元戎慰恤，監護撫安，若非天地之垂慈，豈見軍民之受賜！ 臣亦自量過咎，尚切憂疑，謹遣親弟詣闕奉表，待罪以聞。
Your Majesty's utmost benevolence spreads wide, your great virtue cherishes life; you have granted me a few years' reprieve, and what I hope for on this day is to keep my person whole. Now I have received the commander-in-chief's consolation and care, his protection and reassurance; had Heaven and Earth not shown mercy, how could soldiers and people have received such bounty! I too measure my own faults and still feel keen anxiety; I respectfully send my younger brother to court with this memorial to report my guilt and await judgment.
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太祖詔曰：
The Founding Emperor's edict read:
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朕以受命上穹，臨製中土，姑務保民而崇德，豈思右武以佳兵？ 至於臨戎，蓋非獲已。 矧惟益部，僻處一隅，靡思僭竊之愆，輒肆窺覦之誌，潛結並寇，自啟釁端。 爰命偏師，往申吊伐，靈旗所指，逆壘自平。
We, having received Heaven's mandate, govern the central realm; we first seek to protect the people and exalt virtue—how would we delight in force and prize arms? As for taking the field, it is surely not what we would choose. Especially as Yi Region sits remote in a corner, never reflecting on the crime of usurpation but rashly indulging designs of encroachment, secretly allying with the Bingzhou bandit and opening the breach themselves. We therefore ordered a detached force to carry out punitive consolation; wherever the sacred banners pointed, rebel strongholds fell of themselves.
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朕嚐中宵憮然，兆民何罪！ 屢馳馹騎，嚴戒兵鋒，務宣拯溺之懷，以盡招攜之禮。 而卿果能率官屬而請命，拜表疏以祈恩，托以慈親，保其宗祀，悉封庫府，以待王師。 追咎改圖，將自求於多福； 匿瑕含垢，當盡滌於前非。 朕不食言，爾無他慮。
We have lain wakeful at midnight in distress—what crime had the myriad people committed! Again and again we sent post riders and strictly restrained the army's edge, striving to proclaim the will to rescue the drowning and fully perform the rites of winning men over. And you were indeed able to lead your officials in begging for mercy, present petitions to seek grace, entrust your aged mother, preserve your ancestral sacrifices, and seal all treasuries to await the royal army. Repenting of past faults and changing course, you will seek greater blessings for yourself; concealing flaws and bearing stains, your former wrongs shall be fully washed away. We do not eat our words—have no other anxieties.
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昶乃舉族與官屬由峽江而下，至江陵，上遣皇城使竇思儼迎勞之。 四月初，昶與母至襄漢，復遣使齎詔賜茶藥。 所賜詔不名，仍呼昶母為國母。 昶將至，命太宗勞於近郊。 昶率子弟素服待罪闕下，太祖禦崇元殿，備禮見之，賜昶襲衣、玉帶、黃金鞍勒馬、金器千兩、銀器萬兩、錦綺千段、絹萬匹； 又賜昶母金器三百兩、銀器三千兩、錦綺千匹、絹千匹； 子弟及其官屬等襲衣、金玉帶、鞍勒馬、車乘、器幣有差； 又遣使分詣江陵、鳳翔賜其家屬錢帛，疾病者給以醫藥。 即日宴於大明殿。 先是，詔有司於右掖門外，臨汴水起大第五百間以待昶，供帳悉備，至是賜之，又為其官屬各營居第。
Chang then led his entire clan and officials down the Gorges River; at Jiangling the emperor sent palace commissioner Dou Siyan to welcome and comfort them. In early fourth month Chang and his mother reached Xiang and Han; the emperor again sent envoys with an edict granting tea and medicine. The edict of gift did not name him, and still addressed Chang's mother as the state mother. As Chang was about to arrive, he ordered Taizong to welcome him in the near suburbs. Chang led his sons and younger brothers in plain dress to await judgment below the palace; the Founding Emperor received him in full ceremony at the Chongyuan Hall and granted Chang court robes, jade belt, horse with golden saddle and bridle, a thousand taels of gold vessels, ten thousand taels of silver vessels, a thousand lengths of brocade silk, and ten thousand bolts of silk; he also granted Chang's mother three hundred taels of gold vessels, three thousand taels of silver vessels, a thousand lengths of brocade silk, and a thousand bolts of silk; sons, younger brothers, and officials received court robes, jade belts, saddled horses, carriages, and vessels in varying measure; envoys were also sent separately to Jiangling and Fengxiang to grant money and silks to their families, and the sick were given medicine. That same day a banquet was held in the Daming Hall. Earlier an edict had ordered the authorities to build five hundred great rooms outside the Right Flank Gate facing the Bian River to await Chang, with all furnishings complete; these were now granted to him, and residences were also built for each of his officials.
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翌日，詔曰：
The next day an edict proclaimed:
18
伯禹導川，黑水本梁州之域； 《河圖》括象，岷山直井絡之墟。 是曰坤維，素為王土。 屬中原多故，四海群飛，遂剖裂於山河，競僭竊於位號。 朕削平宇縣，載整皇綱，復周、漢之舊疆，寵綏群後； 采唐、虞之大訓，協和萬邦。 六年於茲，百揆時敘。 禮樂征伐之柄，盡出朝廷； 蠻夷山海之君，鹹修職貢。 一昨順長庚而授律，法時雨以興師，先申誕告之文，以慰徯來之眾。
When Yu the Great channeled the rivers, the Black River lay within Liang Province; the River Chart embraces its symbols, and Mount Min stands at the heart of the Well-Cord region. This southwestern quarter has long been imperial domain. When turmoil engulfed the central plain and the realm broke into flight, the land was carved apart by mountains and rivers as men vied to usurp imperial titles. We have pacified the realm, restored the imperial order, recovered the old frontiers of Zhou and Han, and graciously reassured the feudal lords; we have taken the great lessons of Tang and Yu and brought the myriad states into harmony. Six years have now passed, and the hundred offices proceed in good order. The authority over rites, music, and war rested entirely with the court; the lords of distant lands beyond the mountains and seas all maintain their tribute duties. Only yesterday, following the Metal Star, we set the pitch-pipes and, like timely rain, raised armies; we first proclaimed our mandate to comfort the people who had long awaited us.
19
谘爾偽蜀主孟昶，克承餘緒，保據一隅，擅正朔以自尊，曆歲時而滋久。 屬王師致討，察天道之惡盈，體此綏懷，思於效順，盡率群吏，降於軍門。 抗手疏以陳誠，伏天閽而請命。 是用昭示大信，盡滌疵瑕，度越彝章，升於崇秩。 冠紫微之近署，以奉內朝； 剪鶉首之奧區，為之封邑。 率從異數，式洽殊私。 爾宜欽承，往踐厥位。 可開府儀同三司、檢校太師兼中書令、秦國公，給上鎮節度使奉祿。 餘官除拜有差。
We address you, the false lord of Shu, Meng Chang, who inherited what remained and held a corner of the realm, arrogating the calendar to exalt yourself through many years. When the royal army came to punish you, seeing that Heaven abhors excess, you grasped our reassurance, resolved to submit, led all your officials, and surrendered at the army gate. You raised a written memorial to declare your sincerity and bowed at Heaven's gate to beg for mercy. Therefore We proclaim great trust, wash away all flaws, transcend the regular statutes, and raise you to exalted rank. You shall stand at the head of offices near the Purple Palace to serve the inner court; We cut from the deep region of the Quail's Head a fief for your enfeoffment. Accept these extraordinary honors and receive this special favor. You should respectfully receive this and go to take up your post. You are appointed Grand Preceptor of the First Rank with the privilege of an independent office, honorary Grand Preceptor and Director of the Secretariat, Duke of Qin, with the stipend of a first-rank military commissioner. Other offices are conferred in varying measure.
20
昶數日卒，年四十七。 太祖廢朝五日，素服發哀於大明殿。 賜尚書令，追封楚王，諡恭孝，賻布帛千匹，葬事官給。 後數日，其母李氏亦卒。 初，李氏隨昶至京師，太祖數命肩輿入宮，謂之曰：“母善自愛，無戚戚懷鄉土，異日當送母歸。 ”李氏曰：“使妾安往？ ”太祖曰：“歸蜀爾。 ”李氏曰：“妾家本太原，倘得歸老並土，妾之願也。 ”時晉陽未平，太祖聞其言大喜，曰：“俟平劉鈞，即如母所願。 ”因厚加賜賚。 及昶卒，不哭，以酒酹地曰：“汝不能死社稷，貪生以至今日。 吾所以忍死者，以汝在爾。 今汝既死，吾何生焉！ ”因不食，數日卒。 太祖聞而傷之，賻贈加等。 令鴻臚卿範禹偁護喪事，與昶俱葬洛陽，詔發奉義甲士千人護送。
Chang died within several days, at the age of forty-seven. The Founding Emperor suspended court for five days and in plain dress proclaimed mourning in the Daming Hall. He was granted the title Director of the Secretariat, posthumously enfeoffed as King of Chu with the posthumous name Gongxiao, and granted a thousand bolts of silks for funeral gifts; burial expenses were supplied by the state. Several days later his mother, Lady Li, also died. Earlier, when Lady Li followed Chang to the capital, the Founding Emperor repeatedly had her carried into the palace in a palanquin and told her: "Mother, take good care of yourself; do not grieve over your homeland—I shall send you home another day. " Lady Li said: "Where should I go? " The Founding Emperor said: "Back to Shu. " Lady Li said: "My family is originally from Taiyuan; if I could end my days in Bing territory, that would be my wish. " Jinyang had not yet been pacified; hearing her words the Founding Emperor was greatly pleased and said: "When Liu Jun is pacified, I shall do as you wish. " He therefore granted her rich gifts. When Chang died she did not weep but poured wine on the ground and said: "You could not die for the altars of state but clung to life until today. The reason I endured living was because you were still alive. Now that you are dead, why should I go on living! " She therefore refused food and died within several days. The Founding Emperor, hearing of it, was grieved and increased the funeral gifts. He ordered Court of State Ceremonial director Fan Yucheng to oversee the funeral and buried her with Chang at Luoyang; an edict sent a thousand soldiers of the Fengyi Guard to escort them.
21
七月，正衙備禮冊命昶，其文曰：
In the seventh month, at the main court with full ceremony, Chang was enfeoffed by patent; the text read:
22
維乾德三年，歲次乙丑，七月己巳朔，二十四日戊子，皇帝若曰：“谘故檢校太師兼中書令、秦國公孟昶，冊贈之典，所以彰世祚而紀勳伐，繼絕之義，所以旌異域而表來庭。 苟匪全功，寧兼二者。 國家乘乾撫運，括地開圖。 稽至德於勳、華，體深仁於湯、禹。 既定壺關之亂，復剪淮夷之凶，暨荊及衡，洗蕩逋穢。 以為君人之道，先德而後刑； 王者之師，有征而無戰。 兵威震疊，寰宇來同。 以至薄伐兩川，徂征三峽。
In the third year of Qiande, on the twenty-fourth day of the seventh month, the emperor spoke thus: "We address the late honorary Grand Preceptor and Director of the Secretariat, Duke of Qin, Meng Chang: the rite of enfeoffment by patent displays a dynasty's standing and records merit; the principle of continuing a broken line honors distant realms and marks those who come to court. If the merit is not complete, how can both honors be joined? Our state rides Heaven's mandate to govern the age, embraces the land, and opens the map. We examine the utmost virtue of Emperor Shun and Emperor Yao and embody the deep benevolence of Tang and Yu. Having settled the turmoil of Huguan, we again cut down the Huai rebels; reaching Jing and Heng, we washed away the fleeing filth. We hold that the way of ruling puts virtue first and punishment after; the army of a true king campaigns but does not need to fight. Military might shook the layered realms and the whole universe came to unity. Thus we lightly punished the two river circuits and marched against the Three Gorges.
23
惟爾昶襲乃堂構，據有巴庸，而能祗畏皇靈，保全宗緒，知機識變，委順圖全。 馳子牟魏闕之心，奉伯禹塗山之會。 朕自聞獻款，良切虛懷。 舟車欣至止之初，邸第錫非常之製。 封崇異數，祈保永年。 景命不融，奄然殂謝。
You alone, Chang, inherited your father's house and held Ba and Yong, yet were able to revere the imperial numen, preserve your ancestral line, know the moment and read change, submit in compliance and seek wholeness. You sped the heart of Zimu toward the imperial gate and offered the assembly of Yu the Great at Mount Tu. From the moment We heard your offering of sincerity, Our open heart was deeply moved. When you joyfully arrived by carriage and boat, We granted an extraordinary lodge. We enfeoffed you with extraordinary honors and prayed you might keep long years. Heaven's bright mandate did not hold; suddenly you passed away.
24
於戲！ 爾有及親之孝，特異常倫； 爾有達上之情，所期終養。 何高穹之不祐，與幽壤之同歸！ 斯朕所以當寧興悲，徹縣永歎。 詢於史氏，申命禮官，今遣使起復雲麾將軍、檢校太傅、右神武統軍、兼御史大夫、上柱國、平昌縣開國伯食邑七百戶孟仁贄持節，冊贈爾為尚書令，仍追封楚王。 於戲！ 式備哀榮，載光簡牒。 南宮峻秩，全楚大邦，並示追崇，敻超彝製。 始終之分，朕無愧焉。
Alas! You had filial piety that reached your kin, surpassing ordinary measure; you had feeling that reached your sovereign, hoping to support her to the end. Why did Heaven not protect you, that you return to the dark earth together! This is why We, sitting in repose, rise in grief and suspend the music of the districts in lasting lament. We consulted the historiographers and charged the ritual officers; We now send Meng Renzhi, restored from mourning—Cloud Banner General, honorary Grand Mentor, commander of the Right Divine Martial Army, concurrent Censor-in-Chief, Supreme Pillar of State, and Baron of Pingchang with a fief of seven hundred households—bearing credentials to enfeoff you posthumously as Director of the Secretariat and further as King of Chu. Alas! Thus complete the mourning honors and let them shine upon the records. The lofty rank of the Southern Palace and the great state of all Chu together show posthumous elevation, far surpassing the regular statutes. In the bond from beginning to end, We have no shame.
25
仍贈昶墳莊一區，給守墳人米千石，錢五萬。
We further granted Chang one estate for his tomb, a thousand piculs of grain for tomb keepers, and fifty thousand cash.
26
初，昶在蜀專務奢靡，為七寶溺器，他物稱是。 每歲除，命學士為詞，題桃符，置寢門左右。 末年，學士幸寅遜撰詞，昶以其非工，自命筆題云：“新年納餘慶，喜節號長春。 ”以其年正月十一日降，太祖命呂餘慶知成都府，而“長春”乃聖節名也。 又昶襲位後，民質錢取息者，將徙居，必署其門曰：“召主收贖。 ”周世宗平淮甸，克關南，即議討蜀而未果，至太祖乃平之。
While Chang ruled in Shu he devoted himself to luxury, making chamber pots of the seven treasures, and other objects to match. Every New Year's Eve he ordered academicians to compose verses, inscribe them on peach talismans, and place them on either side of the bedchamber door. In his last year the academician Xing Yinxun composed the verse; Chang, finding it unskilled, took up the brush himself and wrote: "The new year receives remaining blessings; the festive season is called Everlasting Spring. " In that year, on the eleventh day of the first month, he surrendered; the Founding Emperor appointed Lü Yuqing prefect of Chengdu—and "Everlasting Spring" was the name of the sacred festival. After Chang succeeded, when people who had pawned money for interest were about to move away, they had to post on their doors: "Summon the owner to redeem. " Emperor Shizong of Zhou pacified the Huai region and took Guannan, and at once deliberated attacking Shu but did not succeed; only under the Founding Emperor was it pacified.
27
昶三子：玄喆、玄玨、玄寶。 玄寶先卒，僭贈遂王。 昶弟：仁贄、仁裕、仁操。
Chang had three sons: Xuanzhe, Xuanjue, and Xuanbao. Xuanbao died first and was posthumously enfeoffed as King of Sui. Chang's younger brothers were Renzhi, Renyu, and Rencao.
28
昶既降，寧江軍節度、同平章事伊審征，檢校太尉兼侍中韓保正，山南西道節度、同平章事王昭遠，工部侍郎幸寅遜，武信軍節度、保寧軍都巡檢使李廷珪來闕下。 審征授靜難軍節度，昭遠授左領軍衛大將軍，寅遜授右庶子，廷珪授右千牛衛上將軍，韓保正未授官卒。 保正、昭遠、廷珪，川中各有田宅，詔各賜錢三百萬。 又成都人王處瓊，少孤，有司籍其金寶，昶降，輦送闕下。 太祖聞之，令計其直還焉。
After Chang surrendered, Yi Shenzheng, Ningjiang Army military commissioner and co-equal councilor; Han Baozheng, honorary Grand Marshal and Palace Attendant; Wang Zhaoyuan, Shannan West Circuit military commissioner and co-equal councilor; Xing Yinxun, Vice Minister of Works; and Li Tinggui, Wuxin Army military commissioner and Baoning Army chief inspector, came to court. Shenzheng was appointed military commissioner of the Jingnan Army; Zhaoyuan was appointed grand general of the Left Leading Army Guard; Yinxun was appointed right deputy heir apparent; Tinggui was appointed senior general of the Right Thousand-Ox Guard; Han Baozheng died before receiving an appointment. Baozheng, Zhaoyuan, and Tinggui each had fields and houses in the river circuits; an edict granted each three million cash. Also Wang Chuqiong of Chengdu, orphaned in youth, had his gold and jewels registered by the authorities; when Chang surrendered they were carted to court. The Founding Emperor, hearing of it, ordered their value calculated and returned to him.
29
玄喆字遵聖，幼聰悟，善隸書。 年十四，僭封秦王、檢校太尉、同平章事、判六軍諸衛事。 嚐自書姚崇《口箴》，刻諸石。 昶賜以銀器、錦彩。 廣政二十一年，領武德軍節度。 二十四年，加兼侍中。 二十五年，立為皇太子。 宋師將至，以玄喆為元帥，精卒萬餘，旌旗用文繡，以錦綢其杠。 是日微雨，玄喆慮沾濕，令解去。 俄雨止，復旆之，旌幟數千皆倒係杠上，識者異之。 及聞劍門陷，遂奔東川。 數日，棄軍遁歸。
Xuanzhe, style name Zunsheng, was clever from childhood and skilled in clerical script. At fourteen he was enfeoffed as King of Qin, honorary Grand Marshal, co-equal councilor, and administrator of the Six Armies and all guards. He once copied Yao Chong's Mouth Admonition in his own hand and had it carved on stone. Chang rewarded him with silver vessels and brocade silks. In the twenty-first year of Guangzheng he took command of the Wude Army. In the twenty-fourth year he was additionally made Palace Attendant. In the twenty-fifth year he was installed as crown prince. When Song forces were about to arrive, Xuanzhe was made commander-in-chief with more than ten thousand picked troops; banners were of figured embroidery and pole shafts were wrapped in brocade silk. That day there was light rain; Xuanzhe, fearing they would be soaked, ordered them removed. Soon the rain stopped and they were re-hoisted; several thousand banners and flags all hung upside down on their poles, and those who understood were astonished. When he heard that Jianmen had fallen, he fled to East River Circuit. Within several days he abandoned the army and fled home.
30
入朝，與昶同日宣製檢校太尉、泰寧軍節度。 昶卒，賜玄喆羊五百口、酒五百壺。 玄喆獻馬二百匹、白玉水晶鞍勒副之。 移鎮貝州，在鎮十餘年，亦有治跡。 太平興國初，移鎮定州。 三年，加開府儀同三司。 四年，從平太原，就命為鎮州駐泊兵馬鈐轄。 又從征幽州，率所部攻城之西面。 會班師，遣與軍器庫使藥可瓊、深州刺史念金钅巢、左龍武將軍趙延進、殿前都虞候崔翰、四方館使梁迥、翰林使杜彥圭帥兵歸屯定州。 俄契丹入寇，玄喆與諸將校破之徐河。 以功封滕國公，入為左龍武軍統軍，判右金吾衛仗。 未幾，知滑州。 淳化初，病，求換瀕淮一小郡養疾。 移知滁州，卒，年五十五。 贈侍中。
On entering court, on the same day as Chang an edict proclaimed him honorary Grand Marshal and military commissioner of the Taining Army. When Chang died, Xuanzhe was granted five hundred sheep and five hundred jars of wine. Xuanzhe presented two hundred horses with white jade and crystal saddle and bridle sets. He was transferred to command at Beizhou and, stationed there more than ten years, also left traces of good governance. At the beginning of Taiping Xingguo he was transferred to Dingzhou. In the third year he was granted the privilege of an independent office equal to the Three Excellencies. In the fourth year he followed the pacification of Taiyuan and was appointed on the spot commander of stationed forces at Zhenzhou. He again followed the campaign against Youzhou and led his division to assault the western face of the city. When the army withdrew, he was sent with Armory commissioner Yao Keqiong, Shenzhou prefect Nian Jin'chao, Left Dragon Martial general Zhao Yanjin, Palace Front commander Cui Han, Four Directions Hall commissioner Liang Jiong, and Hanlin commissioner Du Yangui to lead troops back to garrison at Dingzhou. Soon the Khitans invaded; Xuanzhe and the other commanders defeated them at the Xu River. For his merit he was enfeoffed as Duke of Teng, entered court as commander of the Left Dragon Martial Army, and administered the Right Golden Crow Guard regalia. Before long he was made prefect of Huazhou. At the beginning of Chunhua he fell ill and asked to be transferred to a small prefecture on the Huai River to convalesce. He was transferred to Chuzhou and died there, at the age of fifty-five. He was posthumously granted the title Palace Attendant.
31
初，玄喆在貝州，凡民輸稅者皆令出商算，規其餘羨，以備留使之用，人頗苦之。 景德中，都官員外郎孔揆使河北，表論其事，詔除之。 有子十五人：隆記、隆詁、隆說、隆詮，並進士及第。
Earlier, while Xuanzhe was at Beizhou, he required all taxpayers to pay a commercial surcharge and kept the surplus for visiting commissioners' expenses, to the people's distress. During Jingde, Ministry of Justice vice director Kong Kui toured Hebei and memorialized on the matter; an edict abolished it. He had fifteen sons: Longji, Longhe, Longshuo, and Longquan all passed the jinshi examination.
32
仁贄字忠美，初為左威衛將軍同正。 廣政十三年，封雅王、檢校太尉。 二十年，領閬州保寧軍節度。 二十四年，加檢校太尉。 及昶降，遣仁贄奉表詣闕，太祖召見廣德殿，賜襲衣、玉帶、鞍勒馬。 俄授右神武統軍。 丁母憂，起復，領大同軍節度、西京都巡檢使。 開寶四年，卒，年四十四，贈太子太師。
Renzhi, style name Zhongmei, was first Left Awesome Guard general with concurrent appointment. In the thirteenth year of Guangzheng he was enfeoffed as King of Ya and made honorary Grand Marshal. In the twentieth year he took command of the Baoning Army at Langzhou. In the twenty-fourth year he was additionally made honorary Grand Marshal. When Chang surrendered, Renzhi was sent to court with the memorial; the Founding Emperor received him in the Guangde Hall and granted court robes, jade belt, and saddled horse. Soon he was appointed commander of the Right Divine Martial Army. When his mother's mourning ended he was restored to office and took command of the Datong Army and the Western Capital patrol commissioner. In the fourth year of Kaibao he died, aged forty-four, and was posthumously granted Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent.
33
仁裕字鳴謙，初為左威衛將軍同正，與仁贄同日封彭王、檢校太傅。 廣政二十年，領黔州武泰軍節度。 二十四年，加檢校太尉。 歸朝，授檢校太傅、右監門衛上將軍，遷右羽林軍。 開寶三年，卒，年四十四，贈太子太傅。
Renyu, style name Mingqian, was first Left Awesome Guard general with concurrent appointment and on the same day as Renzhi was enfeoffed as King of Peng and made honorary Grand Tutor. In the twentieth year of Guangzheng he took command of the Wutai Army at Qianzhou. In the twenty-fourth year he was additionally made honorary Grand Marshal. On returning to court he was appointed honorary Grand Tutor and senior general of the Right Gate Guard, then transferred to the Right Forest Guard. In the third year of Kaibao he died, aged forty-four, and was posthumously granted Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent.
34
仁操，初為右領軍衛將軍同正，與仁贄同日封嘉王、檢校太傅。 廣政二十一年，領果州永寧軍節度。 嚐侍昶射於梔子園，仁操連中的者三。 二十四年，加檢校太尉。 尤奉釋氏，深究其理。 歸朝，授右監門衛上將軍，累遷右龍武統軍。 雍熙三年，卒。
Rencao was first Right Leading Army Guard general with concurrent appointment and on the same day as Renzhi was enfeoffed as King of Jia and made honorary Grand Tutor. In the twenty-first year of Guangzheng he took command of the Yongning Army at Guozhou. He once attended Chang shooting in the gardenia grove and Rencao hit the target three times in succession. In the twenty-fourth year he was additionally made honorary Grand Marshal. He especially revered Buddhism and studied its principles deeply. On returning to court he was appointed senior general of the Right Gate Guard and was repeatedly promoted to commander of the Right Dragon Martial Army. In the third year of Yongxi he died.
35
伊審征字申圖，并州人。 父延瑰，隨知祥入蜀。 知祥僭位，以女妻延瑰，僭封崇華公主。 延瑰曆陵、嘉、眉三州刺史。 審征幼以孝聞，母病，割股肉啖之。 以父任，曆蜀州刺史、雲安榷鹽使。 廣政十四年，高延昭求解機務，急召為通奏使、知樞密院事。 久之，領蜀州刺史。 秦、鳳興師，命檢校城砦，俄領武泰軍節度。 選其子崇度尚公主。 又改寧江軍節度、同平章事，與王昭遠俱掌機務。 昶事無大小，一以谘之。 常自以康濟經略為己任。 屬宋師入境，審征首奉降表詣軍前。 昭遠時統軍，敗走。 時人笑之。
Yi Shenzheng, style name Shentu, was a man of Bingzhou. His father Yan'gui followed Zhixiang into Shu. When Zhixiang assumed the imperial title he gave his daughter in marriage to Yan'gui and enfeoffed her as Princess Chonghua. Yan'gui served successively as prefect of Ling, Jia, and Mei. Shenzheng was known for filial piety from childhood; when his mother fell ill he cut flesh from his thigh for her to eat. Through his father's position he served as prefect of Shu and salt monopoly commissioner of Yun'an. In the fourteenth year of Guangzheng, when Gao Yanzhao asked to be relieved of state affairs, Shenzheng was urgently summoned as memorial courier and privy councilor. After a long time he took command as prefect of Shu. When Qin and Feng came under attack he was ordered to inspect fortifications and soon took command of the Wutai Army. His son Chongdu was chosen to marry a princess. He was then transferred to military commissioner of the Ningjiang Army and co-equal councilor, sharing state secrets with Wang Zhaoyuan. In all matters large and small Chang consulted him. He often took healing the state and grand strategy as his own duty. When Song armies entered the border, Shenzheng was the first to present a surrender petition at the army front. Zhaoyuan was then commanding the army and fled in defeat. People of the time laughed at this.
36
審征歸朝，授靜難軍節度。 乾德六年，移鎮延安。 開寶末入朝，改右屯衛上將軍。 太平興國二年，判右金吾衛仗。 雍熙五年，卒，年七十五。
When Shenzheng returned to court he was appointed military commissioner of the Jingnan Army. In the sixth year of Qiande he was transferred to Yan'an. Late in Kaibao he entered court and was made senior general of the Right Garrison Guard. In the second year of Taiping Xingguo he administered the Right Golden Crow Guard regalia. In the fifth year of Yongxi he died, at the age of seventy-five.
37
韓保正，字永吉，潞州長子人。 父昭運，從知祥入蜀。 及知祥僭號，署珍州刺史。 保正初事知祥為押衙，及僭位，以為豐德庫使兼廣義庫使、眉州刺史、樞密副使。 復刺漢州，拜宣徽北院使。 會鳳翔侯益歸款，以保正為北路行營都監，以圖岐陽。 時晉昌趙讚亦謀歸蜀，為王景崇所逼，棄城東奔。 偽將李廷珪先退師，保正次陳倉，與大將張虔釗、龐福誠謀議不葉，益亦中變，遂還成都。 俄為雄武節度，領兵出新關，至隴州，漢兵固守，保正無功而還。 復屯雄武。 廣政十四年，赴成都，其親吏楊虔範訟保正不法，昶令斬虔範，釋保正不問。 俄改夔州寧江軍節度。 李昊讓度支，以保正代之。 未幾，加宣徽南院使、山南節度、左衛聖步軍節度指揮使，遷奉鸞肅衛馬步軍都指揮使，又選其子崇遂尚主。
Han Baozheng, style name Yongji, was a man of Changzi in Luzhou. His father Zhaoyun followed Zhixiang into Shu. When Zhixiang took the throne, he appointed him prefect of Zhenzhou. Baozheng first served Zhixiang as escort commander; when he took the throne, Baozheng was made commissioner of the Fengde Treasury, concurrent commissioner of the Guangyi Treasury, prefect of Meizhou, and deputy privy councilor. He was again made prefect of Hanzhou and appointed commissioner of the Northern Court of the Xuanhui Bureau. When Hou Yi of Fengxiang submitted, Baozheng was made army inspector of the northern route forward camp to take Qiyang. At that time Zhao Zan of Jinchang also plotted to submit to Shu but, pressed by Wang Jingchong, abandoned the city and fled east. The false general Li Tinggui withdrew first; Baozheng halted at Chencang; with grand generals Zhang Qianzhao and Pang Fucheng his counsel did not agree; Yi also changed mid-course, and they returned to Chengdu. Soon he was made military commissioner of the Xiongwu Army, led troops out through Xin Pass to Longzhou; Han troops held firm and Baozheng returned without success. He again garrisoned at Xiongwu. In the fourteenth year of Guangzheng he went to Chengdu; his personal clerk Yang Qianfan sued Baozheng for misconduct; Chang ordered Qianfan executed and released Baozheng without inquiry. Soon he was transferred to military commissioner of the Ningjiang Army at Kuizhou. Li Hao yielded the revenue commission and Baozheng replaced him. Before long he was additionally made commissioner of the Southern Court of the Xuanhui Bureau, Shannan military commissioner, and commander of the Left Guard Sacred infantry; he was promoted to commander of the Fengluan Solitary Guard horse-and-foot army, and his son Chongsui was chosen to marry a princess.
38
宋初，荊南高繼衝納土，昶聞之，以保正為峽路都指揮製置使，屯夔州，以經畫邊事。 遷檢校太尉兼侍中。 聞太祖將加兵，以保正為山南節度、興元武定緣邊諸砦屯駐都指揮使。 及王全斌至，保正棄興元，保西縣。 王師進圍之，保正懦懼不敢出，遣人依山背城結陣以自固，為史延德所破。 保正以麾下遁，延德追擒之，送全斌。 全斌驛置闕下，太祖召升殿勞問，賜袍笏、金帶、茵褥、鞍勒馬，仍賜甲第。 未及命官而卒，贈右千牛衛上將軍。
Early in Song, when Gao Jichong of Jingnan surrendered his territory, Chang heard of it and made Baozheng overall commander and commissioner for the Gorges route, garrisoning at Kuizhou to manage frontier affairs. He was promoted to honorary Grand Marshal and Palace Attendant. Hearing that the Founding Emperor was about to send troops, Chang made Baozheng Shannan military commissioner and overall commander of garrisons along the Xingyuan, Wuding, and frontier forts. When Wang Quanbin arrived, Baozheng abandoned Xingyuan and held Xixian. The royal army advanced to besiege him; Baozheng was timid and afraid to come out, sent men to form a battle line along the mountain backing the city to secure himself, and was defeated by Shi Yande. Baozheng fled with his followers; Yande pursued and captured him and sent him to Quanbin. Quanbin sent him by post relay to court; the Founding Emperor summoned him to the hall, consoled him, and granted robe and court tablet, gold belt, bedding, saddled horse, and also a fine residence. Before an office could be conferred he died and was posthumously granted senior general of the Right Thousand-Ox Guard.
39
王昭遠，益州成都人。 幼孤貧。 年十三，依東郭僧智諲為童子。 知祥鎮蜀，一日飯僧於府署，昭遠持巾履從智諲，得入。 時昶方就學，知祥見昭遠聰慧，留給事昶左右。 昶嗣位，以昭遠為卷簾使、茶酒庫使。 會樞密使王處回出知梓州，昶以樞密事權太重，乃以昭遠及普豐庫使高延昭為通奏使、知樞密院事，機務一以委之，府庫財帛恣其取不問。 加領眉州刺史，出為永平軍節度。 不數月，會昭武李繼勳以目疾不能視事，議以閑地處之，昭遠遽以永平讓繼勳。 歲餘，為夔州寧江軍節度。 昶母常言昭遠不可用，昶不從。 未幾，兼領山南西道節度、同平章事。 及入謝，求解通奏職，遂以左街使張仁貴為副使、知樞密以代之。
Wang Zhaoyuan was a man of Chengdu in Yizhou. He was orphaned and poor in youth. At thirteen he attached himself to the monk Zhijin of the eastern quarter as a temple boy. When Zhixiang governed Shu, one day he fed monks at the government office; Zhaoyuan carried towel and shoes for Zhijin and was able to enter. Chang was then beginning his studies; Zhixiang saw that Zhaoyuan was clever and kept him to serve at Chang's side. When Chang succeeded, he made Zhaoyuan curtain-lifting attendant and commissioner of the tea and wine treasury. When privy councilor Wang Chuhui went out to govern Zizhou, Chang felt that privy affairs carried too much weight and therefore made Zhaoyuan and Pufeng Treasury commissioner Gao Yanzhao memorial couriers and privy councilors, entrusting all state secrets to them and letting them take from the treasuries without question. He was additionally made prefect of Meizhou and sent out as military commissioner of the Yongping Army. Within several months, when Li Jixun of Zhaowu could not govern because of eye disease and it was proposed to place him in an idle post, Zhaoyuan hastily yielded Yongping to Jixun. After more than a year he was made military commissioner of the Ningjiang Army at Kuizhou. Chang's mother often said Zhaoyuan should not be used; Chang did not listen. Before long he additionally took Shannan West Circuit military commissioner and co-equal councilor. When he came in to give thanks he asked to be relieved of the memorial courier post; Zhang Rengui of the Left Street was made deputy and privy councilor in his place.
40
昭遠好讀兵書，頗以方略自許。 宋師入境，昶遣昭遠與趙崇韜率兵拒戰。 始發成都，昶遣其宰相李昊等餞郊外。 昭遠酒酣，攘臂曰：“是行也，非止克敵，當領此二三萬雕麵惡少兒，取中原如反掌耳。 ”及行，執鐵如意指麾軍事，自方諸葛亮。 將至漢源，聞劍門已破，昭遠股栗，發言失次。 崇韜布陣將戰，昭遠據胡床，皇恐不能起。 俄崇韜敗，乃免胄棄甲走投東川，匿倉舍下，悲嗟流涕，目盡腫，惟誦羅隱詩云：“運去英雄不自由。 ”俄為追騎所執，送闕下，太祖釋之，授左領軍衛大將軍。 廣南平，奉使交阯。 開寶八年，卒。
Zhaoyuan loved reading military books and prided himself considerably on strategy. When Song armies entered the border, Chang sent Zhaoyuan and Zhao Chongtao to lead troops in resistance. As they set out from Chengdu, Chang sent his chief councilor Li Hao and others to farewell them in the suburbs. Zhaoyuan, flushed with wine, rolled up his sleeves and said: "On this campaign we will not merely defeat the enemy—we shall lead these twenty or thirty thousand painted-face ruffians and take the central plain as easily as turning the hand. " When they marched he held an iron ruyi scepter to direct military affairs and compared himself to Zhuge Liang. When they were about to reach Hanyuan and heard that Jianmen had fallen, Zhaoyuan's legs trembled and his speech lost order. Chongtao deployed the battle line to fight; Zhaoyuan sat on a folding chair, too terrified to rise. Soon Chongtao was defeated; Zhaoyuan doffed helmet and cast off armor and fled toward East River Circuit, hiding under a granary shed, sighing and weeping until his eyes swelled shut, reciting only Luo Yin's poem: "When fortune departs, even heroes are not free. " Soon he was seized by pursuing horsemen and sent to court; the Founding Emperor released him and appointed him grand general of the Left Leading Army Guard. When Guangnan was pacified he was sent as envoy to Jiaozhi. In the eighth year of Kaibao he died.
41
趙崇韜，并州太原人。 父廷隱，隨知祥入蜀。 廷隱拳勇有智略，知祥麾下無及者。 東川董璋襲成都，廷隱大破之。 璋奔歸，為部下所殺，知祥遂有其地。 及僭號，以廷隱總親軍，為衛聖諸軍馬步軍指揮使，累遷至太師、中書令、宋王。 卒，諡忠武。
Zhao Chongtao was a man of Taiyuan in Bingzhou. His father Tingyin followed Zhixiang into Shu. Tingyin was brave in combat and resourceful in strategy; none under Zhixiang matched him. When Dong Zhang of East River Circuit attacked Chengdu, Tingyin routed him utterly. Zhang fled back and was killed by his subordinates; Zhixiang then possessed his territory. Once Zhixiang had taken the imperial title, he put Tingyin in command of the personal army as Commander of the Horse and Foot Forces of the Imperial Guard Armies, promoting him in time to Grand Preceptor, Director of the Secretariat, and Prince of Song. He died and was posthumously titled Loyal and Martial.
42
崇韜驍果有父風。 昶自置殿直四番，取將家及死事孤子為之，始命李仁罕子繼宏、趙季良子元振、張知業子繼昭、侯洪實子令欽及崇韜，分為都知領之。 後累遷至客省使。 周世宗克秦、鳳，將入蜀境，為崇韜拒退。 曆左右衛聖步軍都指揮使。 選其子文亮尚公主。 加領洋州武定軍節度、山南武定緣邊諸砦都指揮副使。 漢源之戰，獨策馬先登，及蜀軍敗，猶手擊殺十數人，為宋師所擒。
Chongtao was bold and resolute—a true son of his father. Chang personally set up four rotations of Palace Directs, selecting sons of generals' houses and orphans of men who had died in service. He first appointed Li Renhan's son Jihong, Zhao Jiliang's son Yuanzhen, Zhang Zhiye's son Jizhao, Hou Hongshi's son Lingqin, and Chongtao, each to serve as a command chief over one rotation. He was later promoted step by step to Guest Reception Commissioner. When Emperor Shizong of Later Zhou captured Qin and Feng and was poised to cross into Shu, Chongtao drove him back. He held the posts of Commander of the Left and Right Imperial Guard Foot Forces in succession. His son Wenliang was selected to marry an imperial princess. He was additionally appointed Military Commissioner of the Wuding Army at Yang Prefecture and Deputy Commander of the Wuding Army's border forts along the southern mountains. At Hanyuan he alone charged ahead on horseback; even after the Shu army was routed he killed more than ten men with his own hands before Song troops seized him.
43
高彥儔，并州太原人。 父暉，宣威軍使。 彥儔從知祥入蜀，累曆軍校，為昭武軍監押。 昶嗣位，遷邛州刺史，改馬步軍使。 會漢兵入大散關，克安都砦，彥儔以所部先進。 漢人燒砦毀閣遁去，彥儔盡銳追之，復其砦而還。 未幾，彥儔領趙州刺史。 俄為奉鑾肅衛都指揮副使，改右驍銳馬軍都指揮使，加光聖馬軍都指揮使，真拜源州武定軍節度。
Gao Yanchou came from Taiyuan in Bingzhou. His father Hui had been military commissioner of the Xuanwei Army. Yanchou followed Zhixiang into Shu, advanced through the military grades, and became supervisory commissioner of the Zhaowu Army. When Chang took the throne, Yanchou was moved to prefect of Qiong Prefecture and reassigned as commissioner of horse and foot forces. Han forces entered Dasanguan and took Andu Fort; Yanchou led his command forward in the van. The Han troops burned the fort, wrecked the pass works, and fled; Yanchou pursued with his finest troops, retook the fort, and withdrew. Soon afterward he was made prefect of Zhao Prefecture. Shortly after he became deputy commander of the Imperial Escort and Ceremonial Guard, then commander of the Right Swift and Sharp Horse Forces, with an added post as commander of the Bright Sage Horse Forces, and finally received formal appointment as military commissioner of the Wuding Army at Yuan Prefecture.
44
周顯德初，向訓攻鳳州，昶令彥儔出兵解圍。 未至，聞敗軍於唐倉，因潰歸。 判官趙比閉關不納，以城歸朝廷。 彥儔遁歸成都，昶不之罪，以為右奉鑾肅衛都指揮使，改功德使。
Early in the Xiande reign, Xiang Xun besieged Feng Prefecture, and Chang ordered Yanchou out to relieve the city. Before he could arrive he learned that the army had been beaten at Tangcang, and his troops broke and fled home. The prefectural aide Zhao Bi shut the gates against them and surrendered the city to the Song court. Yanchou escaped to Chengdu; Chang did not blame him, appointing him commander of the Right Imperial Escort and Ceremonial Guard and later making him merit commissioner.
45
廣政二十二年，出授夔州寧江軍都巡檢製置、招討使，加宣徽北院事、利州昭武軍節度。 及宋師至，彥儔謂副使趙崇濟、監軍武守謙曰：“北軍涉遠而來，利在速戰，不如堅壁以待之。 ”守謙不從，獨領麾下以出。 時大將劉廷讓頓兵白帝廟西，遣騎將張廷翰等引兵與守謙戰豬頭鋪，守謙敗走。 廷翰等乘勝登其城，廷讓率大軍繼至。 彥儔以所部將出拒戰，宋師已乘城而入。 彥儔惶駭失次，不知計所出。 判官羅濟勸令單騎歸成都，彥儔曰：“我昔已失天水，今復不能守夔州，縱不忍殺我，亦何面目見蜀人哉！ ”濟又勸其降，彥儔曰：“老幼百口在成都，若一身偷生，舉族何負？ 吾今日止有死耳！ ”即解符印授濟，具衣冠望西北再拜，登樓縱火自焚。 後數日，廷讓得其骨煨燼中，以禮收葬。 初，昶母語昶“惟彥儔可任”，及是，果能死難。
In the twenty-second year of Guangzheng he was posted out as commander, pacification commissioner, and suppression commissioner of the Ningjiang Army at Qia Prefecture, with added titles as director of the northern bureau of the Imperial Secretariat and military commissioner of the Zhaowu Army at Li Prefecture. When Song troops arrived, Yanchou told Deputy Commissioner Zhao Chongji and Supervisory Commissioner Wu Shouqian, "The northern army has marched far; they profit from a quick fight. We should hold the walls and wear them down. " Shouqian refused to listen and marched out with only his own men. The Song commander Liu Tingrang was then encamped west of Baidi Temple; he sent cavalry generals Zhang Tinghan and others to fight Shouqian at Zhutoupu, and Shouqian was routed. Tinghan and his men pressed the victory and scaled the walls; Tingrang followed with the main army. Yanchou was preparing to lead his troops out to fight when Song soldiers were already over the walls and inside the city. Yanchou was terrified and disordered, with no plan left to him. His aide Luo Ji urged him to ride alone back to Chengdu. Yanchou said, "I already lost Tianshui once; now I cannot hold Qia Prefecture. Even if they spare me, what face can I show the people of Shu? " Ji then urged him to surrender. Yanchou said, "A hundred of my kin, old and young, are in Chengdu. If I alone save myself, what becomes of my whole family? " Today death is all that is left for me! " He immediately gave his seals and tallies to Ji, put on full court dress, bowed twice toward the northwest, climbed a tower, set it ablaze, and burned himself alive. Days later Tingrang recovered his bones from the embers and buried him with full rites. Long before, Chang's mother had told him, "Only Yanchou can be relied upon"—and now he proved able to die for the realm.
46
趙彥韜，興州順政人，為本州義軍裨校。 乾德中，昶遣與興國軍討擊使孫遇及楊蠲為諜至都下，彥韜潛取昶與并州蠟丸帛書以告，因言伐蜀之狀。 太祖並赦遇、蠲，出師西討，並以為鄉導。 克興州，以為本州馬步軍都指揮使。 蜀平，遷本州刺史，移澧州。 性凶率，所為不法，部民有訴被盜劫財物，鞫之不實，彥韜手殺之，探取其心肝。 民家詣闕訴冤，太祖怒，令杖配蔡州。
Zhao Yantao was from Shunzheng in Xing Prefecture and served as a deputy commander of the local righteous army. During Qiande, Chang sent him with Sun Yu, pacification commissioner of the Xingguo Army, and Yang Juan as spies to the capital. Yantao secretly seized the wax-sealed silk message from Chang to Bing Prefecture and turned it in, describing as well the conditions for an attack on Shu. The Founding Emperor pardoned both Yu and Juan, marched west to attack Shu, and employed them as local guides. After Xing Prefecture fell he was made commander of its horse and foot forces. When Shu was pacified he was promoted to prefect of his home prefecture, then transferred to Li Prefecture. He was brutal by nature and acted outside the law. When a subject complained of robbery, the investigation found no crime—yet Yantao killed the man himself and tore out his heart and liver. The family went to court to plead their grievance; the Founding Emperor was furious and had Yantao beaten and banished to Cai Prefecture.
47
龍景昭，夔州奉節人。 少有武勇，事蜀為義軍裨校，以功遷戰棹都將。 久之，擢為施州刺史。 乾德中，諸將伐蜀，分兵由峽路入，將壓其境。 景昭率官吏以牛酒犒宋師，迎入城。 太祖聞之，甚悅。 蜀平，即授永州刺史。 秩滿入朝，改右千牛衛將軍。 開寶三年，卒。 昶之入朝也，為左羽林將軍、景昭弟處瑭等四人隨行，卒於道。 太祖憫之，以其男補供奉官殿直。
Long Jingzhao was a native of Fengjie in Qia Prefecture. From youth he showed martial courage; he served Shu as a righteous-army deputy commander and, for merit, was promoted to battle-raft director. In time he was elevated to prefect of Shi Prefecture. During Qiande the generals invaded Shu, sending columns through the gorges to press upon its territory. Jingzhao led his officials out with cattle and wine to feast the Song army and welcomed them into the city. When the Founding Emperor heard of this he was greatly pleased. Once Shu was pacified he was promptly appointed prefect of Yong Prefecture. When his term ended he came to court and was made a general of the Right Thousand-Ox Guard. He died in the third year of Kaibao. When Chang went to court, Jingzhao's younger brother Chutang and three other Left Feathered Forest generals accompanied him and died on the journey. The Founding Emperor took pity on them and appointed their sons as palace attendant directs.
48
幸寅遜，蜀人。 初仕昶為茂州錄事參軍。 昶好擊球，雖盛暑不已。 寅遜上章極諫，深被賞納。 遷新都令，拜司門郎中、知制誥、中書舍人。 出知武信軍府，加史館修撰，改給事中，預修《前蜀書》，拜翰林學士，加工部侍郎，判吏部三銓事，領簡州刺史。
Xing Yinxun was a native of Shu. He first entered Chang's service as recorder of Ma Prefecture. Chang loved cuju and would play without cease even in the height of summer. Yinxun submitted a memorial of strong remonstrance and was warmly praised and heeded. He was moved to magistrate of Xindu, then appointed director of the Bureau of Passes, drafting secretary, and secretariat cadet. He was sent to administer the Wuxin military commission, made a historiographical compiler, then attendant drafting secretary; he helped compile the Book of Former Shu, became a Hanlin academician, was made vice minister of works and placed in charge of the Ministry of Personnel's three selection boards, and concurrently served as prefect of Jian Prefecture.
49
隨昶歸朝，授右庶子。 嚐上疏諫獵，太祖嘉之，召見賜帛。 開寶五年，為鎮國軍行軍司馬。 罷職，年九十餘，尚有仕進意，治裝赴闕，未登路而卒。
He followed Chang to court and was made right vice mentor in the heir apparent's household. Once he memorialized against the imperial hunt; the Founding Emperor commended him, summoned him, and gave him silk. In the fifth year of Kaibao he served as grand marshal on campaign for the Zhenguo Army. After he left office he was past ninety yet still eager for further promotion; he packed to go to court but died before he could set out.
50
李廷珪，并州太原人。 七歲隸知祥帳下，後從入蜀。 知祥僭號，補軍職，累遷奉鑾肅衛都虞候。 賞拔階州之功，領眉州刺史。 會圖取鳳翔，令廷珪領兵二萬出子午穀赴援。 始出穀，聞趙讚為王景崇所逼，遂退軍。 以廷珪權知興元。 俄召歸，授捧聖控鶴都指揮使，領蜀州刺史，拜雅州永平軍節度，改右光聖都指揮使，領山南節度，改閬州保寧節度、護聖控鶴都指揮使。
Li Tinggui came from Taiyuan in Bingzhou. At seven he entered Zhixiang's household; later he followed him into Shu. When Zhixiang took the imperial title, Tinggui received a military post and rose in time to deputy commander of the Imperial Escort and Ceremonial Guard. He was rewarded for recovering Jie Prefecture with concurrent appointment as prefect of Mei Prefecture. When they plotted to take Fengxiang, Chang ordered Tinggui to lead twenty thousand men through Ziwu Valley to relieve the city. They had barely left the valley when word came that Zhao Zan was hard pressed by Wang Jingchong, and the army turned back. Tinggui was made acting governor of Xingyuan. Soon he was recalled, made commander of the Imperial Escort and Controlled Crane Forces and concurrent prefect of Shu Prefecture, appointed military commissioner of the Yongping Army at Ya Prefecture, then commander of the Right Bright Sage Forces with concurrent southern-mountains military commission, and finally military commissioner of the Baoning Army at Lang Prefecture and commander of the Guardian Sage and Controlled Crane Forces.
51
周師攻秦州，以廷珪為北路行營都統。 秦、成、階三州竟為周所取，廷珪奉章待罪，昶釋之，以為左右衛聖諸軍馬步軍都指揮使。 分衛聖、光聖步騎為左右十軍，以武定節度呂彥珂為之使，並隸廷珪總領之。 時論以廷珪不能救援階州，不當復總兵柄，廷珪亦自陳求解，許之。 俄加兼侍中、蜀成都巡檢使，改遂州武信軍節度，領本鎮及保寧軍都巡檢使。
When Zhou troops attacked Qin Prefecture, Tinggui was named overall commander of the northern route field army. Qin, Cheng, and Jie were lost to Zhou in the end; Tinggui submitted a memorial to await punishment, but Chang pardoned him and appointed him commander of the horse and foot forces of the left and right Imperial Guard armies. The Imperial Guard and Bright Sage infantry and cavalry were split into left and right divisions of ten armies each; Lü Yanske, military commissioner of Wuding, was made their commander, all under Tinggui's overall leadership. Public opinion held that Tinggui had failed to save Jie Prefecture and ought not hold command again; Tinggui himself asked to be relieved, and Chang agreed. Soon he was made concurrent palace attendant and Chengdu inspection commissioner, then military commissioner of the Wuxin Army at Sui Prefecture, holding as well the posts of inspection commissioner of his own circuit and of the Baoning Army.
52
王全斌之下劍關也，昶遣廷珪與其太子玄喆將兵來拒宋師，至綿、漢與全斌遇，狼狽而還。 玄喆與廷珪謀，所經州縣盡焚其儲蓄。 及全斌等入成都，行營都監王仁贍案籍詰所在軍須，廷珪懼，以告馬軍都監康延澤。 延澤曰：“王公誌在聲色，苟得其所欲，則置而不問矣。 ”廷珪素儉約，不畜妓樂，遂求於姻戚家，得女妓四人，復假貸金帛直數百萬以遺仁贍，繇是獲免。 歸闕，為右千牛衛上將軍。 乾德五年，卒。
When Wang Quanbin forced Jian Pass, Chang sent Tinggui and the heir apparent Xuanzhe with an army to block the Song advance; they met Quanbin between Mian and Han and fled back in disarray. Xuanzhe and Tinggui agreed that every prefecture and county on their route should burn its stored grain. After Quanbin entered Chengdu, field-army supervisory commissioner Wang Renzan searched the registers for military stores; Tinggui was afraid and confided in horse-forces supervisory commissioner Kang Yanze. Yanze said, "Lord Wang cares only for pleasure; if he gets what he wants, he will drop the matter and ask no more. " Tinggui had always lived plainly and kept no singing girls; he borrowed four from a kinsman's house and took loans of gold and silk worth millions to give Renzan, and so escaped blame. After he returned to court he was made senior general of the Right Thousand-Ox Guard. He died in the fifth year of Qiande.
53
先是，廷珪及王昭遠、韓保正川中各自有田宅，昶降後奉表上獻，詔各賜錢三百萬以償其直。
Earlier Tinggui, Wang Zhaoyuan, and Han Baozheng had each owned estates in central Shu; after Chang's surrender they memorialized to offer them to the throne, and an edict granted each three million cash in compensation.
54
李昊字穹佐，自言唐相紳之後。 祖乾祐，建州刺史。 父羔，容管從事。 昊生於關中，幼遇唐末之亂，隨父避地至奉天。 值昭宗遷洛，岐軍攻破奉天，父及弟妹皆為亂兵所殺。 是時年十三，獨得免，遂流寓新平十數年。 會劉知俊領岐軍圍州城，昊逾城出，為候騎所得。 知俊與語，甚器之，置於門下，以其女妻之。
Li Hao, courtesy name Qiongzuo, said he was descended from Tang chancellor Li Shen. His grandfather Qianyou had been prefect of Jian Prefecture. His father Gao had served as an aide in the Rongguan administration. Hao was born in Guanzhong; as a child he lived through the chaos at the end of Tang and fled with his father to Fengtian. When Emperor Zhaozong moved the court to Luoyang, Qi troops stormed Fengtian; Hao's father and younger brothers and sisters were all killed by the mutineers. He was thirteen and alone survived, then lived as a refugee at Xinping for more than ten years. When Liu Zhijun led Qi forces to besiege the prefectural seat, Hao climbed over the wall to escape and was caught by scouting horsemen. Zhijun talked with him, took a strong liking to him, kept him in his household, and gave him his daughter in marriage.
55
知俊歸蜀，偽署遂州武信軍節度，以昊為從事。 王建使知俊出師，令昊主留務。 會建殺知俊，昊亦罷職。 王衍襲偽位，授彭州導江令，曆中書舍人、翰林學士。 岐軍之難，昊母獨無恙。 至是十九年，昊仕獨顯達，乃遣心膂張金、王彥間道迎其母。 昊請告境上奉迎，衍賜以金勒名馬。 昊至青泥嶺見母，母撫昊首號慟，哀感行路。
When Zhijun returned to Shu he was given the false title of military commissioner of the Wuxin Army at Sui Prefecture, with Hao as his aide. Wang Jian sent Zhijun on campaign and left Hao in charge of affairs at home. When Jian executed Zhijun, Hao lost his post as well. When Wang Yan took the false throne, Hao was made magistrate of Daojiang in Peng Prefecture and later served as secretariat cadet and Hanlin academician. In the disaster wrought by the Qi army, Hao's mother alone came through unharmed. Nineteen years had now passed; Hao alone among his family had risen to high office, and he sent trusted men Zhang Jin and Wang Yan by a hidden route to bring his mother to him. Hao asked leave to go to the frontier to meet her; Yan gave him a famous horse with a golden bridle. At Qingni Ridge Hao met his mother; she stroked his head and wailed until travelers on the road were moved to tears.
56
蜀亡入洛，明宗授昊檢校兵部郎中。 詔西川孟知祥、三川製置使趙季良同於榷鹽、度支、戶部院間授昊一職，昊至蜀，久無所授。 會知祥奏季良為西川節度副使，昊辭歸洛，知祥始辟為觀風推官，遷掌書記。 知祥稱帝，擢為禮部侍郎、翰林學士。
After Shu fell, Hao went to Luoyang, where Emperor Mingzong made him acting vice director in the Ministry of War. The court ordered Meng Zhixiang in Western Chuan and Zhao Jiliang, commissioner for the Three Rivers circuit, to give Hao a post from among the salt monopoly, revenue, and household affairs offices; Hao reached Shu but waited a long time without any appointment. When Zhixiang had Jiliang appointed deputy military commissioner of Western Chuan, Hao resigned and returned to Luoyang; Zhixiang then took him on as a touring pacification staff officer and soon made him chief secretary. After Zhixiang took the imperial title, Hao was raised to vice minister of rites and Hanlin academician.
57
昶立，領漢州刺史，遷兵部侍郎，出知武德軍府，加承旨。 昶嚐欲命昊二子官，昊固讓，且言：“遂州判官石欽若、蘇涯，前蜀時，同在劉知俊幕下，願回授欽若等子。 ”昶嘉歎，許之，仍授昊二子官。 俄加尚書左丞，拜門下侍郎兼戶部尚書、同平章事、監修國史。 因請置史官，乃以給事中郭廷鈞、職方員外郎趙元拱為修撰，雙流令崔崇構、成都主簿王中孚為直館。
When Chang came to the throne, Hao served as prefect of Han Prefecture, then was made vice minister of war, sent out to administer the Wude military commission, and given the Hanlin drafting coordinator title. Chang once wanted to give offices to Hao's two sons; Hao firmly refused and said, "When we were all on Liu Zhijun's staff under Former Shu, I served alongside the Sui Prefecture aides Shi Qinruo and Su Ya—let the appointments go to their sons instead." Chang admired this and agreed, but still gave offices to Hao's two sons as well. Soon he was also made left vice director of the secretariat, then vice director of the chancellery, minister of household affairs, associate grand councilor, and overseer of the national history compilation. He asked that historiography posts be created, and Guo Tingjun, an attending gentleman, and Zhao Yuangong, an outer-office director in the office of military affairs, were named compilers; Cui Chonggou, magistrate of Shuangliu, and Wang Zhongfu, registrar of Chengdu, were made duty archivists.
58
俄加昊左仆射。 昶令就知祥真容院圖文武三品以上於東西廊，以昊有參佐功，特畫於殿內。 自知祥領蜀，凡章奏書檄皆出昊手，至是集為百卷曰《經緯略》以獻，昶齎以珍器、錦彩。 俄命判度支戶部。
Before long Hao was also made left grandee. Chang ordered portraits of all civil and military officials of the third rank and above painted in the east and west corridors of Zhixiang's portrait hall; because Hao had long served as his adviser, Hao's portrait was placed inside the main hall. Ever since Zhixiang had held Shu, every memorial, dispatch, and proclamation had come from Hao's pen; he now gathered them in a hundred fascicles titled Overview of Statecraft and presented them; Chang rewarded him with precious vessels and brocades. Soon afterward he was put in charge of revenue and household affairs.
59
廣政十四年，修成昶《實錄》四十卷。 昶欲取觀，昊曰：“帝王不閱史，不敢奉詔。 ”丁母憂，裁百日，起復。 俄修《前蜀書》，命昊與趙元拱、王中孚及左諫議大夫喬諷、給事中馮侃、知制誥賈玄珪幸寅遜、太府少卿郭微、右司郎中黃彬同撰，成四十卷上之。 以判使辦集，封趙國公。 俄加司空，領遂州武信軍節度，出判鹽鐵，加弘文館大學士，修奉太廟禮儀使。
In the fourteenth year of Guangzheng he finished the Veritable Records of Chang in forty fascicles. Chang wanted to read them; Hao said, "Emperors do not peruse the histories—I cannot comply with such an order." When his mother died he went into mourning, but after only a hundred days he was recalled to office. They soon began the Book of Former Shu, with Hao, Zhao Yuangong, Wang Zhongfu, remonstrance counselor Qiao Feng, attending gentleman Feng Kan, drafting drafter Jia Xuangui, Xing Yinxun, vice director of the palace commissariat Guo Wei, and right-office director Huang Bin as co-authors; when forty fascicles were complete they submitted them to the throne. For his success as chief commissioner in gathering supplies he was enfeoffed as Duke of Zhao. He was soon also made minister of works and military commissioner of the Wuxin Army at Sui Prefecture, put in charge of salt and iron, made grand academician of the Hongwen Hall, and appointed commissioner for ancestral temple rites.
60
昶嚐召四孫，悉授太子司儀郎舍人，並賜緋。 昊又改判度支使。 其子孝連尚昶女鳳儀公主，累遷太常少卿、資州刺史。 長子孝逢，給事中。
Chang once summoned all four grandsons, made each of them a gentleman-in-attendance in the crown prince's ceremonial office and drafting attendant, and gave them crimson robes. Hao was again placed in charge of the revenue commission. His son Xiaolian had married Chang's daughter, Princess Fengyi, and rose to vice director of the court of imperial sacrifices and prefect of Zi Prefecture. His eldest son Xiaofeng served as an attending gentleman.
61
蜀平，隨昶入朝，太祖優待之，拜昊工部尚書，賜第。 以孝逢為膳部郎中，孝連為將作少監。 親屬乘舟自峽下，至夷陵，妻死，昊聞，悲愴成疾而卒，年七十三。 贈右仆射。
When Shu was conquered, he followed Chang to the Song court; Emperor Taizu treated him generously, made him minister of works, and granted him a mansion. Xiaofeng was made a director in the bureau of provisions, and Xiaolian vice director of the directorate of palace buildings. Relatives were traveling downriver from the gorges; at Yiling his wife died, and when Hao heard the news grief brought on illness and he died, aged seventy-three. He was posthumously made right grandee.
62
昊前後仕蜀五十年。 昶之世，位兼將相，秉利權，資貨歲入钜萬，奢侈尤甚，後堂妓妾曳羅綺數百人。 昶與江南李景通好，遣其臣趙季劄至江南，購得李紳武宗朝入相制書，還以遺昊。 昊結彩樓置其中，盡召成都聲妓，昊朝服前迎歸私第，大會賓客宴飲，所費無算。 以帛二千匹謝季劄。
Hao had served in Shu for fifty years altogether. Under Chang he held both civil and military rank, controlled lucrative offices, and took in tens of thousands in goods each year; his extravagance was extreme—several hundred singing girls and concubines in trailing silks filled his rear hall. Chang was on friendly terms with Li Jing of the south and sent his minister Zhao Jizha to Jiangnan to buy Li Shen's appointment edict from his entry into the chancellorship under Emperor Wuzong; on his return he gave it to Hao. Hao built a decorated pavilion to house it, summoned every singing girl in Chengdu, went out in court dress to welcome the document to his home, and threw a banquet for guests at incalculable expense. He gave Zhao Jizha two thousand bolts of silk in thanks.
63
初，王衍降莊宗，昊草其表； 昶之降也，其表亦昊所為。 蜀人潛署其門曰“世修降表李家”，見者哂之。 有集二十卷，目為《樞機應用集》。 孝連後至司農少卿。 昊孫德鏻至國子博士，德錞進士及第。
Years earlier, when Wang Yan surrendered to Emperor Zhuangzong, Hao had drafted his memorial of surrender; when Chang surrendered, that memorial too was Hao's work. Someone in Shu secretly posted on his gate, "The Li family, hereditary drafters of surrender memorials," and passersby laughed. He left a collection in twenty fascicles titled Applied Writings from the Inner Circle. Xiaolian later rose to vice director of the court of the imperial granaries. Hao's grandson Delin became an erudite of the directorate of education; Dekun passed the civil service examination.
64
毋守素字表淳，河中龍門人。 父昭裔，偽蜀宰相、太子太師致仕。 守素弱冠起家，偽授秘書郎，累遷戶部員外郎、知制誥，真拜中書舍人、工部侍郎，出為雲安榷鹽使。 召見其二子克溫、克恭，並賜緋； 以次子克恭尚昶女，授檢校水部員外郎。
Wu Shousu, courtesy name Biaochun, was from Longmen in Hezhong. His father Zhaoyi had been chief councilor of Former Shu and retired as grandee tutor of the heir apparent. Shousu entered government in his youth; under the Shu regime he was made a secretary, rose through posts in the household ministry and as drafting drafter, was formally appointed secretariat cadet and vice minister of works, and then sent out as salt monopoly commissioner at Yun'an. He was summoned along with his two sons Kewen and Kegong, and both were given crimson robes; his younger son Kegong, who had married one of Chang's daughters, was made acting outer-office director in the water bureau.
65
廣政二十年，拜工部尚書。 時昭裔判鹽鐵，衰老不能親職，委其務於判官李光遠，事多留滯。 昶患之，命守素代判使務。 父子相代，時頗榮之。 俄改判度支，領彭州刺史，又判鹽鐵。
In the twentieth year of Guangzheng he was made minister of works. At the time his father Zhaoyi oversaw salt and iron but was too old to handle the work himself; he delegated affairs to aide Li Guangyuan, and business piled up. Chang was concerned and ordered Shousu to take over the commissioner's duties. Father and son holding the post in succession was seen at the time as a notable honor. He soon shifted to revenue administration while serving as prefect of Peng Prefecture, and later took charge of salt and iron again.
66
守素奉親頗勤至，雖隆暑暮歸，必朝服執簡以申昏定之禮。 蜀亡入朝，授工部侍郎，籍其蜀中莊產茶園以獻，詔賜錢三百萬以充其直，仍賜第於京城。 歲餘，為兄之子岳州司法正己訟其居父喪娶妾免，正己亦坐奪一官。 開寶初，起為國子祭酒。
Shousu was remarkably dutiful toward his parents; even on sweltering summer evenings when he came home at dusk he would put on court dress and carry his tally board to perform the evening obeisance. After Shu fell he entered Song service as vice minister of works; he registered his estates and tea plantations in Shu and offered them to the throne; the court paid him three million cash as compensation and granted him a mansion in the capital. A year later his nephew Zhengji, a judicial officer in Yue Prefecture, sued him for taking a concubine during his father's mourning period and he was dismissed; Zhengji was also demoted one rank. Early in the Kaibao era he was recalled as chancellor of the directorate of education.
67
太祖征河東，命權知趙州。 及平嶺表，移知容州，兼本管諸州水陸轉運使。 先是，部民有逋賦者，或縣吏代輸，或於兼並之家假貸，則皆納其妻女以為質。 守素表其事，即日降詔禁止。 六年，卒，年五十三。
When Taizu campaigned in Hedong, he was made acting prefect of Zhao Prefecture. After the Lingnan region was pacified he was made prefect of Rong Prefecture and concurrently commissioner for water and land transport in his circuit. Before this, taxpayers in arrears might have county clerks pay for them or borrow from powerful local lenders—and in every such case their wives and daughters were taken as collateral. Shousu reported this to the throne, and the very same day an edict banned the practice. He died in the sixth year of Kaibao, aged fifty-three.
68
昭裔性好藏書，在成都令門人勾中正、孫逢吉書《文選》、《初學記》、《白氏六帖》鏤板，守素齎至中朝，行於世。 大中祥符九年，子克勤上其板，補三班奉職。 次子克恭，尚昶女鑾國公主，仕為光祿少卿，歸宋，至左監門衛將軍。
Zhaoyi loved books; in Chengdu he had his students Gou Zhongzheng and Sun Fengji prepare woodblocks for the Wenxuan, the Chuxueji, and Bai Juyi's Six Tablets; Shousu brought the blocks to the Song court, where they were printed and widely circulated. In the ninth year of Dazhong Xiangfu his son Keqin presented the blocks and was given a supplemental third-rank attendant post. His younger son Kegong had married Chang's daughter, Princess Chuanguo; under Shu he rose to vice director of the court of imperial entertainments, and after submitting to Song he became a general of the left palace gate guard.
69
歐陽迥，益州華陽人。 父玨，通泉令。 迥少事王衍，為中書舍人。 後唐同光中，蜀平，隨衍至洛陽，補秦州從事。 知祥鎮成都，迥復來入蜀。 知祥僭號，以為中書舍人。 廣政十二年，拜翰林學士。 明年，知貢舉、判太常寺。 遷禮部侍郎，領陵州刺史，轉吏部侍郎，加承旨。 二十四年，拜門下侍郎兼戶部尚書、平章事、監修國史。 嚐擬白居易諷諫詩五十篇以獻，昶手詔嘉美，賚以銀器、錦彩。
Ouyang Jiong was from Huayang in Yi Prefecture. His father Jue had been magistrate of Tongquan. In his youth Jiong served Wang Yan and was made a secretariat cadet. During the Tongguang era of Later Tang, when Shu fell, he followed Yan to Luoyang and was made an administrative aide in Qin Prefecture. When Meng Zhixiang was posted at Chengdu, Jiong returned to Shu. When Zhixiang took the imperial title, Jiong was made secretariat cadet. In the twelfth year of Guangzheng he was made a Hanlin academician. The following year he supervised the civil examinations and headed the court of imperial sacrifices. He was promoted to vice minister of rites and prefect of Ling Prefecture, then to vice minister of personnel with the Hanlin drafting coordinator title. In the twenty-fourth year of Guangzheng he was made vice director of the chancellery, minister of household affairs, grand councilor, and overseer of the national history. He once wrote fifty admonitory poems in Bai Juyi's manner and presented them to Chang, who praised them in a personal edict and rewarded him with silver vessels and brocades.
70
從昶歸朝，為右散騎常侍，俄充翰林學士，就轉左散騎常侍。 嶺南平，議遣迥祭南海，迥聞之稱病不出。 太祖怒，罷其職，以本官分司西京。 開寶四年，卒，年七十六。 贈工部尚書。
He followed Chang to the Song court as right attendant of the fast cavalry, soon became a Hanlin academician, and was then promoted to left attendant of the fast cavalry. After Lingnan was pacified the court proposed sending Jiong to perform rites to the Southern Sea; when he heard of it he claimed illness and stayed home. Taizu was furious, stripped him of office, and kept him at his former rank on detached duty in Luoyang. He died in the fourth year of Kaibao, aged seventy-six. He was posthumously made minister of works.
71
迥性坦率，無檢操，雅善長笛。 太祖常召於偏殿，令奏數曲。 御史中丞劉溫叟聞之，叩殿門求見，諫曰：“禁署之職，典司誥命，不可作伶人之事。 ”上曰：“朕嚐聞孟昶君臣溺於聲樂，迥至宰司尚習此技，故為我所擒。 所以召迥，欲驗言者之不誣也。 ”溫叟謝曰：“臣愚不識陛下鑒戒之微旨。 ”自是不復召。 迥好為歌詩，雖多而不工，掌誥命亦非所長。 但在蜀日，卿相以奢靡相尚，迥猶能守儉素，此其可稱也。
Jiong was frank and unrestrained, and was an accomplished player of the long flute. Taizu often summoned him to a side hall and had him play several pieces. Vice censor-in-chief Liu Wensou heard of this, knocked at the palace gate for an audience, and remonstrated: "Officials of the forbidden precinct handle imperial edicts—they should not perform like entertainers." The emperor said, "I had heard that Meng Chang and his court were lost to music and song; Jiong rose to chief minister yet still practiced this art—that is why he fell to us." I summoned Jiong only to see whether what people said was true. Wensou apologized: "I was too dull to grasp Your Majesty's deeper purpose in this lesson." After that he was never summoned again. Jiong enjoyed writing verse, but though prolific he was not skilled at it, and drafting imperial edicts was not his strength either. Yet in Shu, when ministers and councilors competed in extravagance, Jiong still lived plainly—and that is something to his credit.